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6,800 | 6,800 | 13,562,711 | 2,452 | A computer-implemented method for controlling email distribution list membership in an enterprise email system, including the steps of monitoring and collecting continuously updated information regarding access to email distribution lists of an email system by members of the email distribution lists, ascertaining that a particular member of at least one of the email distribution lists has not accessed the at least one of the email distribution lists for a predetermined period of time, and responsive to the ascertaining, at least one of recommending revoking membership of the particular member to the at least one of the email distribution lists and automatically revoking membership of the particular member to the at least one of the email distribution lists. | 1. A computer-implemented method for controlling email distribution list membership in an enterprise email system, comprising the steps of:
monitoring and collecting continuously updated information regarding access to email distribution lists of an email system by members of said email distribution lists; ascertaining that a particular member of at least one of said email distribution lists has not accessed said at least one of said email distribution lists for a predetermined period of time; and responsive to said ascertaining, at least one of recommending revoking membership of said particular member to said at least one of said email distribution lists and automatically revoking membership of said particular member to said at least one of said email distribution lists. 2. A computer-implemented method for controlling membership to email distribution lists according to claim 1 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises replying to an email received via said at least one of said distribution lists, to said at least one of said distribution lists. 3. A computer-implemented method for controlling membership to email distribution lists according to claim 1 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises sending an email to said at least one of said distribution lists. 4. A computer-implemented method for controlling membership to email distribution lists according to claim 1 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises replying to an email received via said at least one of said distribution lists, to at least one member of said at least one of said distribution lists. 5. A computer-implemented method for controlling membership to email distribution lists according to claim 1 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises replying to an email received from at least one member of said at least one of said distribution lists, to said at least one member. 6. A computer-implemented method for controlling membership to email distribution lists according to claim 1 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises sending an email to at least one member of said at least one of said distribution lists. 7. A computer-implemented method for controlling email distribution list membership in an enterprise email system, comprising the steps of:
monitoring and collecting continuously updated information regarding access to email distribution lists of an email system by users of said email system; ascertaining that a particular user of said email system has regularly accessed at least one of said email distribution lists during a predetermined period of time; and responsive to said ascertaining, at least one of recommending granting membership to said particular user to said at least one of said email distribution lists and automatically granting membership to said particular user to said at least one of said email distribution lists. 8. A computer-implemented method for controlling membership to email distribution lists according to claim 7 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises sending an email to said at least one of said distribution lists. 9. A computer-implemented method for controlling membership to email distribution lists according to claim 7 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises replying to an email received via said at least one of said distribution lists, to at least one member of said at least one of said distribution lists. 10. A computer-implemented method for controlling membership to email distribution lists according to claim 7 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises sending an email to at least one member of said at least one of said distribution lists. 11. An email distribution list membership governance system for controlling email distribution list membership in an enterprise email system, said system comprising:
an email monitoring subsystem operable for monitoring and collecting continuously updated information regarding access to email distribution lists of an email system by members of said email distribution lists; and an email distribution list membership recommendation subsystem operable for ascertaining that a particular member of at least one of said email distribution lists has not accessed said at least one of said email distribution lists for a predetermined period of time, and for recommending, responsive to said ascertaining, revoking membership of said particular member to said at least one of said email distribution lists. 12. An email distribution list membership governance system according to claim 11 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises replying to an email received from said at least one of said distribution lists, to said at least one of said distribution lists. 13. An email distribution list membership governance system according to claim 11 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises sending an email to said at least one of said distribution lists. 14. An email distribution list membership governance system according to claim 11 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises replying to an email received from said at least one of said distribution lists, to at least one member of said at least one of said distribution lists. 15. An email distribution list membership governance system according to claim 11 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises replying to an email received from at least one member of said at least one of said distribution lists, to said at least one member. 16. An email distribution list membership governance system according to claim 11 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises sending an email to at least one member of said at least one of said distribution lists. 17. An email distribution list membership governance system for controlling email distribution list membership in an enterprise email system, said system comprising:
an email monitoring subsystem operable for monitoring and collecting continuously updated information regarding access to email distribution lists of an email system, by users of said email system; and an email distribution list membership recommendation subsystem operable for ascertaining that a particular user of said email system has regularly accessed at least one of said email distribution lists during a predetermined period of time and for recommending, responsive to said ascertaining, granting membership to said particular user to said at least one of said email distribution lists. 18. An email distribution list membership governance system according to claim 17 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises sending an email to said at least one of said distribution lists. 19. An email distribution list membership governance system according to claim 17 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises replying to an email received from said at least one of said distribution lists, to at least one member of said at least one of said distribution lists. 20. An email distribution list membership governance system according to claim 17 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises sending an email to at least one member of said at least one of said distribution lists. 21. An email distribution list membership governance system for controlling email distribution list membership in an enterprise email system, said system comprising:
an email monitoring subsystem operable for monitoring and collecting continuously updated information regarding access to email distribution lists of an email system by members of email distribution lists of an email system; and an email distribution list membership management subsystem operable for ascertaining that a particular member of at least one of said email distribution lists has not accessed said at least one of said email distribution lists for a predetermined period of time, and, responsive to said ascertaining, for automatically revoking membership of said particular member to said at least one of said email distribution lists. 22. An email distribution list membership governance system according to claim 21 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises replying to an email received from said at least one of said distribution lists, to said at least one of said distribution lists. 23. An email distribution list membership governance system according to claim 21 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises sending an email to said at least one of said distribution lists. 24. An email distribution list membership governance system according to claim 21 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises replying to an email received from said at least one of said distribution lists, to at least one member of said at least one of said distribution lists. 25. An email distribution list membership governance system according to claim 21 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises replying to an email received from at least one member of said at least one of said distribution lists, to said at least one member. 26. An email distribution list membership governance system according to claim 21 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises sending an email to at least one member of said at least one of said distribution lists. 27. An email distribution list membership governance system for controlling email distribution list membership in an enterprise email system, said system comprising:
an email monitoring subsystem operable for monitoring and collecting continuously updated information regarding access to email distribution lists of an email system, by users of said email system; and an email distribution list membership management subsystem operable for ascertaining that a particular user of said email system has regularly accessed at least one of said email distribution lists during a predetermined period of time and, responsive to said ascertaining, for automatically granting membership to said particular user to said at least one of said email distribution lists. 28. An email distribution list membership governance system according to claim 27 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises sending an email to said at least one of said distribution lists. 29. An email distribution list membership governance system according to claim 27 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises replying to an email received from said at least one of said distribution lists, to at least one member of said at least one of said distribution lists. 30. An email distribution list membership governance system according to claim 27 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises sending an email to at least one member of said at least one of said distribution lists. | A computer-implemented method for controlling email distribution list membership in an enterprise email system, including the steps of monitoring and collecting continuously updated information regarding access to email distribution lists of an email system by members of the email distribution lists, ascertaining that a particular member of at least one of the email distribution lists has not accessed the at least one of the email distribution lists for a predetermined period of time, and responsive to the ascertaining, at least one of recommending revoking membership of the particular member to the at least one of the email distribution lists and automatically revoking membership of the particular member to the at least one of the email distribution lists.1. A computer-implemented method for controlling email distribution list membership in an enterprise email system, comprising the steps of:
monitoring and collecting continuously updated information regarding access to email distribution lists of an email system by members of said email distribution lists; ascertaining that a particular member of at least one of said email distribution lists has not accessed said at least one of said email distribution lists for a predetermined period of time; and responsive to said ascertaining, at least one of recommending revoking membership of said particular member to said at least one of said email distribution lists and automatically revoking membership of said particular member to said at least one of said email distribution lists. 2. A computer-implemented method for controlling membership to email distribution lists according to claim 1 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises replying to an email received via said at least one of said distribution lists, to said at least one of said distribution lists. 3. A computer-implemented method for controlling membership to email distribution lists according to claim 1 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises sending an email to said at least one of said distribution lists. 4. A computer-implemented method for controlling membership to email distribution lists according to claim 1 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises replying to an email received via said at least one of said distribution lists, to at least one member of said at least one of said distribution lists. 5. A computer-implemented method for controlling membership to email distribution lists according to claim 1 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises replying to an email received from at least one member of said at least one of said distribution lists, to said at least one member. 6. A computer-implemented method for controlling membership to email distribution lists according to claim 1 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises sending an email to at least one member of said at least one of said distribution lists. 7. A computer-implemented method for controlling email distribution list membership in an enterprise email system, comprising the steps of:
monitoring and collecting continuously updated information regarding access to email distribution lists of an email system by users of said email system; ascertaining that a particular user of said email system has regularly accessed at least one of said email distribution lists during a predetermined period of time; and responsive to said ascertaining, at least one of recommending granting membership to said particular user to said at least one of said email distribution lists and automatically granting membership to said particular user to said at least one of said email distribution lists. 8. A computer-implemented method for controlling membership to email distribution lists according to claim 7 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises sending an email to said at least one of said distribution lists. 9. A computer-implemented method for controlling membership to email distribution lists according to claim 7 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises replying to an email received via said at least one of said distribution lists, to at least one member of said at least one of said distribution lists. 10. A computer-implemented method for controlling membership to email distribution lists according to claim 7 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises sending an email to at least one member of said at least one of said distribution lists. 11. An email distribution list membership governance system for controlling email distribution list membership in an enterprise email system, said system comprising:
an email monitoring subsystem operable for monitoring and collecting continuously updated information regarding access to email distribution lists of an email system by members of said email distribution lists; and an email distribution list membership recommendation subsystem operable for ascertaining that a particular member of at least one of said email distribution lists has not accessed said at least one of said email distribution lists for a predetermined period of time, and for recommending, responsive to said ascertaining, revoking membership of said particular member to said at least one of said email distribution lists. 12. An email distribution list membership governance system according to claim 11 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises replying to an email received from said at least one of said distribution lists, to said at least one of said distribution lists. 13. An email distribution list membership governance system according to claim 11 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises sending an email to said at least one of said distribution lists. 14. An email distribution list membership governance system according to claim 11 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises replying to an email received from said at least one of said distribution lists, to at least one member of said at least one of said distribution lists. 15. An email distribution list membership governance system according to claim 11 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises replying to an email received from at least one member of said at least one of said distribution lists, to said at least one member. 16. An email distribution list membership governance system according to claim 11 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises sending an email to at least one member of said at least one of said distribution lists. 17. An email distribution list membership governance system for controlling email distribution list membership in an enterprise email system, said system comprising:
an email monitoring subsystem operable for monitoring and collecting continuously updated information regarding access to email distribution lists of an email system, by users of said email system; and an email distribution list membership recommendation subsystem operable for ascertaining that a particular user of said email system has regularly accessed at least one of said email distribution lists during a predetermined period of time and for recommending, responsive to said ascertaining, granting membership to said particular user to said at least one of said email distribution lists. 18. An email distribution list membership governance system according to claim 17 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises sending an email to said at least one of said distribution lists. 19. An email distribution list membership governance system according to claim 17 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises replying to an email received from said at least one of said distribution lists, to at least one member of said at least one of said distribution lists. 20. An email distribution list membership governance system according to claim 17 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises sending an email to at least one member of said at least one of said distribution lists. 21. An email distribution list membership governance system for controlling email distribution list membership in an enterprise email system, said system comprising:
an email monitoring subsystem operable for monitoring and collecting continuously updated information regarding access to email distribution lists of an email system by members of email distribution lists of an email system; and an email distribution list membership management subsystem operable for ascertaining that a particular member of at least one of said email distribution lists has not accessed said at least one of said email distribution lists for a predetermined period of time, and, responsive to said ascertaining, for automatically revoking membership of said particular member to said at least one of said email distribution lists. 22. An email distribution list membership governance system according to claim 21 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises replying to an email received from said at least one of said distribution lists, to said at least one of said distribution lists. 23. An email distribution list membership governance system according to claim 21 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises sending an email to said at least one of said distribution lists. 24. An email distribution list membership governance system according to claim 21 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises replying to an email received from said at least one of said distribution lists, to at least one member of said at least one of said distribution lists. 25. An email distribution list membership governance system according to claim 21 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises replying to an email received from at least one member of said at least one of said distribution lists, to said at least one member. 26. An email distribution list membership governance system according to claim 21 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises sending an email to at least one member of said at least one of said distribution lists. 27. An email distribution list membership governance system for controlling email distribution list membership in an enterprise email system, said system comprising:
an email monitoring subsystem operable for monitoring and collecting continuously updated information regarding access to email distribution lists of an email system, by users of said email system; and an email distribution list membership management subsystem operable for ascertaining that a particular user of said email system has regularly accessed at least one of said email distribution lists during a predetermined period of time and, responsive to said ascertaining, for automatically granting membership to said particular user to said at least one of said email distribution lists. 28. An email distribution list membership governance system according to claim 27 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises sending an email to said at least one of said distribution lists. 29. An email distribution list membership governance system according to claim 27 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises replying to an email received from said at least one of said distribution lists, to at least one member of said at least one of said distribution lists. 30. An email distribution list membership governance system according to claim 27 and wherein said access to email distribution lists comprises sending an email to at least one member of said at least one of said distribution lists. | 2,400 |
6,801 | 6,801 | 12,856,466 | 2,456 | One embodiment of the present invention sets forth a technique for synchronizing playback of digital content on two or more different content players. Each content player synchronizes a local time signal to a time reference signal maintained by a time server. Actions related to content playback are synchronized with respect to each local time signal for a given content player, which thereby synchronizes playback for a group of associated content players. Each content player may be advantageously configured with different playback options, allowing each user to have a better shared viewing experience than possible with prior art solutions that provide only one set of playback options. | 1. A method for playing a digital content title synchronously across multiple endpoint devices, the method comprising:
transmitting a playback session identifier to a content server, wherein the playback session identifier is associated with a unique playback session for the digital content title; receiving a server side event that includes a playback command and a specified time for executing the playback command; and scheduling the playback command for execution at the specified time based on a local time signal that has been synchronized to a time reference signal generated by a remote time server. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the local timing signal is synchronized via a time synchronization protocol established between a local time client generating the local time signal and the remote time server. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the time synchronization protocol comprises an industry standard network time protocol. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of transmitting one or more playback characteristics to the content server. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the one or more playback characteristics comprises at least one of a product model, an available display resolution, a supported video format, a supported audio format, a subtitle preference, and a preferred audio track language. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the digital content title includes a plurality of digital content files, and further comprising the step of initiating a download of a first digital content file included in the plurality of digital content files based on the one or more playback characteristics. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising the step of storing data associated with the first digital content file in a local buffer memory for playback. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein playback of the first digital content file is synchronized to the local time signal. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of synchronizing the local time signal with the time reference signal. 10. A computer-readable storage medium including instructions that, when executed by a processing unit, cause the processing unit to play a digital content title that is synchronized across multiple endpoint devices, by performing the steps of:
transmitting a playback session identifier to a content server, wherein the playback session identifier is associated with a unique playback session for the digital content title; receiving a server side event that includes a playback command and a specified time for executing the playback command; and scheduling the playback command for execution at the specified time based on a local time signal that has been synchronized to a time reference signal generated by a remote time server. 11. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the local timing signal is synchronized via a time synchronization protocol established between a local time client generating the local time signal and the remote time server. 12. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein the time synchronization protocol comprises an industry standard network time protocol. 13. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, further comprising the step of transmitting one or more playback characteristics to the content server. 14. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the one or more playback characteristics comprises at least one of a product model, an available display resolution, a supported video format, a supported audio format, a subtitle preference, and a preferred audio track language. 15. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the digital content title includes a plurality of digital content files, and further comprising the step of initiating a download of a first digital content file included in the plurality of digital content files based on the one or more playback characteristics. 16. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, further comprising the step of storing data associated with the first digital content file in a local buffer memory for playback. 17. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein playback of the first digital content file is synchronized to the local time signal. 18. A computer device configured to play a digital content title that is synchronized across multiple endpoint devices, the computing device comprising:
a processing unit configured to:
synchronize a local time signal to a time reference signal generated by a remote time server,
transmit a playback session identifier to a content server, wherein the playback session identifier is associated with a unique playback session for the digital content title,
receive a server side event that includes a playback command and a specified time for executing the playback command, and
schedule the playback command for execution at the specified time based on a local time signal that has been synchronized to a time reference signal generated by a remote time server. 19. The computer device of claim 18, further comprising a memory that includes instructions that, when executed by the processing unit, cause the processing unit to synchronize the local time signal, transmit the playback session identifier, receive the server side event, and schedule the playback command for execution. 20. The computer device of claim 18, wherein the processing unit is further configured to transmit one or more playback characteristics to the content server. 21. The computer device of claim 20, wherein the digital content title includes a plurality of digital content files, and the processing unit is further configured to initiate a download of a first digital content file included in the plurality of digital content files based on the one or more playback characteristics. | One embodiment of the present invention sets forth a technique for synchronizing playback of digital content on two or more different content players. Each content player synchronizes a local time signal to a time reference signal maintained by a time server. Actions related to content playback are synchronized with respect to each local time signal for a given content player, which thereby synchronizes playback for a group of associated content players. Each content player may be advantageously configured with different playback options, allowing each user to have a better shared viewing experience than possible with prior art solutions that provide only one set of playback options.1. A method for playing a digital content title synchronously across multiple endpoint devices, the method comprising:
transmitting a playback session identifier to a content server, wherein the playback session identifier is associated with a unique playback session for the digital content title; receiving a server side event that includes a playback command and a specified time for executing the playback command; and scheduling the playback command for execution at the specified time based on a local time signal that has been synchronized to a time reference signal generated by a remote time server. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the local timing signal is synchronized via a time synchronization protocol established between a local time client generating the local time signal and the remote time server. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the time synchronization protocol comprises an industry standard network time protocol. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of transmitting one or more playback characteristics to the content server. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the one or more playback characteristics comprises at least one of a product model, an available display resolution, a supported video format, a supported audio format, a subtitle preference, and a preferred audio track language. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the digital content title includes a plurality of digital content files, and further comprising the step of initiating a download of a first digital content file included in the plurality of digital content files based on the one or more playback characteristics. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising the step of storing data associated with the first digital content file in a local buffer memory for playback. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein playback of the first digital content file is synchronized to the local time signal. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of synchronizing the local time signal with the time reference signal. 10. A computer-readable storage medium including instructions that, when executed by a processing unit, cause the processing unit to play a digital content title that is synchronized across multiple endpoint devices, by performing the steps of:
transmitting a playback session identifier to a content server, wherein the playback session identifier is associated with a unique playback session for the digital content title; receiving a server side event that includes a playback command and a specified time for executing the playback command; and scheduling the playback command for execution at the specified time based on a local time signal that has been synchronized to a time reference signal generated by a remote time server. 11. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the local timing signal is synchronized via a time synchronization protocol established between a local time client generating the local time signal and the remote time server. 12. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein the time synchronization protocol comprises an industry standard network time protocol. 13. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, further comprising the step of transmitting one or more playback characteristics to the content server. 14. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the one or more playback characteristics comprises at least one of a product model, an available display resolution, a supported video format, a supported audio format, a subtitle preference, and a preferred audio track language. 15. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the digital content title includes a plurality of digital content files, and further comprising the step of initiating a download of a first digital content file included in the plurality of digital content files based on the one or more playback characteristics. 16. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, further comprising the step of storing data associated with the first digital content file in a local buffer memory for playback. 17. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein playback of the first digital content file is synchronized to the local time signal. 18. A computer device configured to play a digital content title that is synchronized across multiple endpoint devices, the computing device comprising:
a processing unit configured to:
synchronize a local time signal to a time reference signal generated by a remote time server,
transmit a playback session identifier to a content server, wherein the playback session identifier is associated with a unique playback session for the digital content title,
receive a server side event that includes a playback command and a specified time for executing the playback command, and
schedule the playback command for execution at the specified time based on a local time signal that has been synchronized to a time reference signal generated by a remote time server. 19. The computer device of claim 18, further comprising a memory that includes instructions that, when executed by the processing unit, cause the processing unit to synchronize the local time signal, transmit the playback session identifier, receive the server side event, and schedule the playback command for execution. 20. The computer device of claim 18, wherein the processing unit is further configured to transmit one or more playback characteristics to the content server. 21. The computer device of claim 20, wherein the digital content title includes a plurality of digital content files, and the processing unit is further configured to initiate a download of a first digital content file included in the plurality of digital content files based on the one or more playback characteristics. | 2,400 |
6,802 | 6,802 | 14,815,452 | 2,491 | Methods and apparatus for ransonnware remediation are disclosed. Network traffic for at least one network user is monitored. A data signature is detected, indicating that one network user has been infected by a ransonnware application. An encryption key is extracted from the detected data signature. The encryption key is stored with an identifier of the network user. The encryption key is used to decrypt one or more files of the network user. | 1. A method for remediating a ransomware infection, the method comprising:
monitoring network traffic of at least one network users; detecting a data signature indicating that one network user of the at least one network users has been infected by a ransomware application; extracting an encryption key from the detected data signature; and storing the encryption key with an identifier of the network user. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
retrieving the encryption key using the identifier of the network user; and decrypting at least one file of the network user using the encryption key. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the detected data signature comprises a request transmitted to a command and control server of the ransomware application. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein a request to decrypt at least one file of the network user is automatically generated in response to storing the encryption key. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising automatically sending a notification to the network user in response to storing the encryption key. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting the data signature comprises detecting one of a plurality of data signatures, each of the plurality of data signatures corresponding to a detectable ransomware application. 7. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
determining an address for the command and control server; and adding the address for the command and control server to a block list. 8. An apparatus comprising:
a ransomware signature repository; memory storing an infection log; and a network traffic analyzer to:
monitor network traffic of at least one network user;
analyze the network traffic using the ransomware signature repository;
detect a data signature indicating that one network user of the at least one network users has been infected by a ransomware application;
extract an encryption key from the detected data signature; and
storing the encryption key in the infection log, with an identifier of the network user. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the network traffic analyzer is to retrieve the encryption key from the infection log, and decrypt at least one file of the network user using the encryption key. 10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the detected data signature comprises a request transmitted to a command and control server of the ransomware application. 11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the network traffic analyzer is further to automatically generate a request to decrypt at least one file of the network user in response to storing the encryption key. 12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the network traffic analyzer is further to automatically send a notification to the network user in response to storing the encryption key. 13. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein detecting the data signature comprises detecting one of a plurality of data signatures, each of the plurality of data signatures corresponding to a detectable ransomware application. 14. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the network traffic analyzer is further to:
determine an address for the command and control server; and add the address for the command and control server to a block list. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions, that when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform steps comprising:
monitoring network traffic of at least one network users; detecting a data signature indicating that one network user of the at least one network users has been infected by a ransomware application; extracting an encryption key from the detected data signature; and storing the encryption key with an identifier of the network user. 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein execution of the instructions further causes the one or more processors to perform steps comprising:
retrieving the encryption key using the identifier of the network user; and decrypting at least one file of the network user using the encryption key. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein execution of the instructions further causes the one or more processors to automatically generate a request to decrypt at least one file of the network user in response to storing the encryption key. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the data signature comprises a request transmitted to a command and control server of the ransomware application. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein execution of the instructions further causes the one or more processors to detect the data signature by detecting one of a plurality of data signatures, each of the plurality of data signatures corresponding to a detectable ransomware application. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein execution of the instructions further causes the one or more processors to automatically generate a notification to the network user in response to storing the encryption key. | Methods and apparatus for ransonnware remediation are disclosed. Network traffic for at least one network user is monitored. A data signature is detected, indicating that one network user has been infected by a ransonnware application. An encryption key is extracted from the detected data signature. The encryption key is stored with an identifier of the network user. The encryption key is used to decrypt one or more files of the network user.1. A method for remediating a ransomware infection, the method comprising:
monitoring network traffic of at least one network users; detecting a data signature indicating that one network user of the at least one network users has been infected by a ransomware application; extracting an encryption key from the detected data signature; and storing the encryption key with an identifier of the network user. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
retrieving the encryption key using the identifier of the network user; and decrypting at least one file of the network user using the encryption key. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the detected data signature comprises a request transmitted to a command and control server of the ransomware application. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein a request to decrypt at least one file of the network user is automatically generated in response to storing the encryption key. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising automatically sending a notification to the network user in response to storing the encryption key. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting the data signature comprises detecting one of a plurality of data signatures, each of the plurality of data signatures corresponding to a detectable ransomware application. 7. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
determining an address for the command and control server; and adding the address for the command and control server to a block list. 8. An apparatus comprising:
a ransomware signature repository; memory storing an infection log; and a network traffic analyzer to:
monitor network traffic of at least one network user;
analyze the network traffic using the ransomware signature repository;
detect a data signature indicating that one network user of the at least one network users has been infected by a ransomware application;
extract an encryption key from the detected data signature; and
storing the encryption key in the infection log, with an identifier of the network user. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the network traffic analyzer is to retrieve the encryption key from the infection log, and decrypt at least one file of the network user using the encryption key. 10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the detected data signature comprises a request transmitted to a command and control server of the ransomware application. 11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the network traffic analyzer is further to automatically generate a request to decrypt at least one file of the network user in response to storing the encryption key. 12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the network traffic analyzer is further to automatically send a notification to the network user in response to storing the encryption key. 13. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein detecting the data signature comprises detecting one of a plurality of data signatures, each of the plurality of data signatures corresponding to a detectable ransomware application. 14. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the network traffic analyzer is further to:
determine an address for the command and control server; and add the address for the command and control server to a block list. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions, that when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform steps comprising:
monitoring network traffic of at least one network users; detecting a data signature indicating that one network user of the at least one network users has been infected by a ransomware application; extracting an encryption key from the detected data signature; and storing the encryption key with an identifier of the network user. 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein execution of the instructions further causes the one or more processors to perform steps comprising:
retrieving the encryption key using the identifier of the network user; and decrypting at least one file of the network user using the encryption key. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein execution of the instructions further causes the one or more processors to automatically generate a request to decrypt at least one file of the network user in response to storing the encryption key. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the data signature comprises a request transmitted to a command and control server of the ransomware application. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein execution of the instructions further causes the one or more processors to detect the data signature by detecting one of a plurality of data signatures, each of the plurality of data signatures corresponding to a detectable ransomware application. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein execution of the instructions further causes the one or more processors to automatically generate a notification to the network user in response to storing the encryption key. | 2,400 |
6,803 | 6,803 | 14,494,723 | 2,493 | Particular embodiments described herein provide for an electronic device that can be configured to receive data in a data flow, extract a data visa from the data flow, wherein the data visa is related to the data, and determine a reputation of the data from the data visa. The data visa can include reputation determination information obtained by previous network elements in the data flow. In addition, the electronic device can update the data visa, and communicate the updated data visa and data to a next network element in the data flow. | 1. At least one computer-readable medium comprising one or more instructions that when executed by at least one processor:
receive data in a data flow; extract a data visa from the data flow, wherein the data visa is related to the data; and determine a reputation of the data from the data visa. 2. The at least one computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the data visa includes reputation determination information obtained by previous network elements in the data flow. 3. The at least one computer-readable medium of claim 1, further comprising one or more instructions that when executed by the at least one processor:
update the data visa; and communicate the updated data visa and data to a next network element in the data flow. 4. The at least one computer-readable medium of claim 1, further comprising one or more instructions that when executed by the at least one processor:
remove the data from the data flow based on the determined reputation of the data from the data visa. 5. The at least one computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the data visa is validated. 6. The at least one computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the data visa includes meta data related to the data. 7. The at least one computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the reputation of the data is determined from meta data included in the data visa. 8. The at least one computer-readable medium of claim 1, further comprising one or more instructions that when executed by the at least one processor:
determine a next network element in the data flow; update the data visa to include information related to the next network element; and redetermine a new reputation of the data from the updated data visa. 9. An apparatus comprising:
a data reputation module configured to:
extract a data visa from a data flow, wherein the data visa is related to data in the data flow; and
determine a reputation of the data from the data visa, wherein the data visa includes reputation determination information obtained by previous network elements in the data flow. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the data reputation module is further configured to:
update the data visa; and communicate the updated data visa and data to a next network element in the data flow. 11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the data reputation module is further configured to:
remove the data from the data flow based on the determined reputation of the data from the data visa. 12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the data visa is validated. 13. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the data visa includes meta data related to the data. 14. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the reputation of the data is determined from meta data included in the data visa. 15. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein attributes of the data visa are correlated with known attributes of known data visas. 16. The apparatus of any of claim 9, wherein the data reputation module is further configured to:
determine a next network element in the data flow; update the data visa to include information related to the next network element; and redetermine a new reputation of the data from the updated data visa. 17. A method comprising:
receiving data in a data flow; extracting a data visa from the data flow, wherein the data visa is related to the data; and determining a reputation of the data from the data visa. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the data visa includes reputation determination information obtained by previous network elements in the data flow. 19. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
updating the data visa; and communicating the updated data visa and data to a next network element in the data flow. 20. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
removing the data from the data flow based on the determined reputation of the data from the data visa. 21. The method of claim 17, wherein the data visa is validated. 22. The method of claim 17, wherein the reputation of the data is determined from meta data included in the data visa. 23. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
determining a next network element in the data flow; updating the data visa to include information related to the next network element; and redetermining a new reputation of the data from the updated data visa. 24. A system for determining a reputation of data, the system comprising:
a data reputation module configured for:
receiving data in a data flow;
extracting a data visa from the data flow, wherein the data visa is related to the data, wherein the data visa includes reputation determination information obtained by previous network elements in the data flow; and
determining a reputation of the data from the data visa. 25. The system of claim 24, wherein the data reputation module is further configured for:
updating the data visa; and communicating the updated data visa and data to a next network element in the data flow. | Particular embodiments described herein provide for an electronic device that can be configured to receive data in a data flow, extract a data visa from the data flow, wherein the data visa is related to the data, and determine a reputation of the data from the data visa. The data visa can include reputation determination information obtained by previous network elements in the data flow. In addition, the electronic device can update the data visa, and communicate the updated data visa and data to a next network element in the data flow.1. At least one computer-readable medium comprising one or more instructions that when executed by at least one processor:
receive data in a data flow; extract a data visa from the data flow, wherein the data visa is related to the data; and determine a reputation of the data from the data visa. 2. The at least one computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the data visa includes reputation determination information obtained by previous network elements in the data flow. 3. The at least one computer-readable medium of claim 1, further comprising one or more instructions that when executed by the at least one processor:
update the data visa; and communicate the updated data visa and data to a next network element in the data flow. 4. The at least one computer-readable medium of claim 1, further comprising one or more instructions that when executed by the at least one processor:
remove the data from the data flow based on the determined reputation of the data from the data visa. 5. The at least one computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the data visa is validated. 6. The at least one computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the data visa includes meta data related to the data. 7. The at least one computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the reputation of the data is determined from meta data included in the data visa. 8. The at least one computer-readable medium of claim 1, further comprising one or more instructions that when executed by the at least one processor:
determine a next network element in the data flow; update the data visa to include information related to the next network element; and redetermine a new reputation of the data from the updated data visa. 9. An apparatus comprising:
a data reputation module configured to:
extract a data visa from a data flow, wherein the data visa is related to data in the data flow; and
determine a reputation of the data from the data visa, wherein the data visa includes reputation determination information obtained by previous network elements in the data flow. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the data reputation module is further configured to:
update the data visa; and communicate the updated data visa and data to a next network element in the data flow. 11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the data reputation module is further configured to:
remove the data from the data flow based on the determined reputation of the data from the data visa. 12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the data visa is validated. 13. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the data visa includes meta data related to the data. 14. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the reputation of the data is determined from meta data included in the data visa. 15. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein attributes of the data visa are correlated with known attributes of known data visas. 16. The apparatus of any of claim 9, wherein the data reputation module is further configured to:
determine a next network element in the data flow; update the data visa to include information related to the next network element; and redetermine a new reputation of the data from the updated data visa. 17. A method comprising:
receiving data in a data flow; extracting a data visa from the data flow, wherein the data visa is related to the data; and determining a reputation of the data from the data visa. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the data visa includes reputation determination information obtained by previous network elements in the data flow. 19. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
updating the data visa; and communicating the updated data visa and data to a next network element in the data flow. 20. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
removing the data from the data flow based on the determined reputation of the data from the data visa. 21. The method of claim 17, wherein the data visa is validated. 22. The method of claim 17, wherein the reputation of the data is determined from meta data included in the data visa. 23. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
determining a next network element in the data flow; updating the data visa to include information related to the next network element; and redetermining a new reputation of the data from the updated data visa. 24. A system for determining a reputation of data, the system comprising:
a data reputation module configured for:
receiving data in a data flow;
extracting a data visa from the data flow, wherein the data visa is related to the data, wherein the data visa includes reputation determination information obtained by previous network elements in the data flow; and
determining a reputation of the data from the data visa. 25. The system of claim 24, wherein the data reputation module is further configured for:
updating the data visa; and communicating the updated data visa and data to a next network element in the data flow. | 2,400 |
6,804 | 6,804 | 13,762,074 | 2,491 | Methods and apparatus for detecting fraudulent device operation. In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a device is issued a user access control client that is uniquely associated with a shared secret that is securely stored within the network and the access control client. Subsequent efforts to activate or deactivate the access control client require verification of the shared secret. Each change in state includes a change to the shared secret. Consequently, requests for a change to state which do not have the proper shared secret will be disregarded, and/or flagged as fraudulent. | 1. A method for executing a fraud protocol, comprising:
responsive to receiving a request for activation, extracting one or more data from the request, wherein the extracted one or more data corresponds to a first activation state; verifying the one of more data, based at least in part on the first activation state; and executing a fraud protocol in response to unsuccessful verification of the one or more data. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the request for activation comprises at least a request to activate an electronic subscriber identity module (eSIM) associated with a network service provider. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein:
the verifying the one or more data comprises at least comparing the first activation state against an expected activation state; and the unsuccessful verification comprises at least when the comparison of the first activation state and the expected activation state does not meet a prescribed criterion. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein:
the extracted one or more data comprises at least a shared secret between a mobile device responsible for the request for activation and an activation service entity; and unsuccessful verification comprises at least when the shared secret of the extracted one or more data does not match the shared secret at an activation service entity. 5. An appliance apparatus useful in the execution of a fraud detection protocol, the appliance apparatus comprising:
a processor; a state database configured to store activation state information for each respective access control client of a plurality of access control clients; and a computer readable apparatus having a non-transitory storage medium with at least one computer program stored thereon, the at least one computer program configured to, when executed on the processor, cause the appliance apparatus to:
receive an access control client request from a mobile device, the access control client request comprising at least activation state information;
cause retrieval, from the state database, of current state information corresponding to the requested access control client;
verify the validity of the request by at least a comparison of the activation state information against the retrieved current state information; and
when the request is determined to be invalid, effectuate a fraud protocol. 6. The appliance apparatus of claim 5, wherein the at least one computer program is further configured to, when executed, cause the appliance apparatus to verify the validity of the request by a verification check of secret information provided with the request, the secret information shared between the mobile device and the appliance apparatus. 7. The appliance apparatus of claim 6, wherein the at least one computer program is further configured to, when executed, cause the appliance apparatus to:
update the secret information when the validity of the request is determined to be valid; and provide the updated secret information to the mobile device. 8. The appliance apparatus of claim 5, wherein the at least one computer program is further configured to, when executed, cause the appliance apparatus to, upon a verification of the request, update the current state information stored in the state database in accordance with the request. 9. The appliance apparatus of claim 5, wherein the fraud protocol comprises a disablement of an access control client associated with the access control client request. 10. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising a plurality of instructions for detecting fraudulent device activation, the plurality of instructions configured to, when executed, cause a network entity to:
receive a access control client request from a mobile device, the request comprising at least state information of the access control client and a secret key of the mobile device; determine if the at least state information corresponds to an expected state for the access control client, and if the secret key is valid; and when (i) the state information does not correspond to the expected state, and/or (ii) when the secret key is invalid, implement a fraud protocol for the access control client. 11. A method for detecting fraudulent device activation, the method comprising:
transmitting a request for an access control client; receiving information associated with an access control client of the access control client request; validating the received information; and upon a validation of the received information, performing an action associated with the request for the access control client. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the information associated with an access control client comprises at least activation status information of the access control client. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the validation is determined based at least in part by the activation status information matching with an expected activation status of the access control client. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising updating the expected activation status upon performing the action, where the updated expected activation status is related at least in part to the performed action. 15. A mobile device configured for execution of a fraud detection protocol, the mobile device comprising:
a processor; a secure element configured to store one or more access control clients; at least one wireless interface in data communication with the processor; and a computer readable apparatus having a non-transitory storage medium with at least one computer program stored thereon, the at least one computer program configured to, when executed on the processor, cause the mobile device to:
transmit a request relating to an access control client, where the request comprises at least information related to an activation status of the access control client;
receive a response indicative of a determined validity of the request; and
execute a fraud protocol when the response is indicative of an invalid request. 16. The mobile device of claim 15, wherein the fraud protocol comprises disablement the access control client in the mobile device. 17. The mobile device of claim 15, wherein:
the request further comprises a secret shared between the mobile device and an activation service associated with the access control client; and the received response comprises at least an updated secret when the response is indicative of a valid request. 18. The mobile device of claim 16, wherein the at least one computer program is further configured to, when executed, cause the mobile device to store the received updated secret in the secure element. 19. The mobile device of claim 15, wherein the at least one computer program is further configured to update a status of the access control client when the response is indicative of a valid request, the updated status based at least in part on an action associated with the request. 20. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising a plurality of instructions for detecting fraudulent device activation, the plurality of instructions configured to, when executed, cause a mobile device to:
transmit an access control client request to an activation service, the request comprising at least a current activation status of the access control client; receive a message from the activation service, where the message is configured to indicate a validity of the request; and when the message indicated that the request is invalid, implement a fraud procedure on at least the access control client. | Methods and apparatus for detecting fraudulent device operation. In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a device is issued a user access control client that is uniquely associated with a shared secret that is securely stored within the network and the access control client. Subsequent efforts to activate or deactivate the access control client require verification of the shared secret. Each change in state includes a change to the shared secret. Consequently, requests for a change to state which do not have the proper shared secret will be disregarded, and/or flagged as fraudulent.1. A method for executing a fraud protocol, comprising:
responsive to receiving a request for activation, extracting one or more data from the request, wherein the extracted one or more data corresponds to a first activation state; verifying the one of more data, based at least in part on the first activation state; and executing a fraud protocol in response to unsuccessful verification of the one or more data. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the request for activation comprises at least a request to activate an electronic subscriber identity module (eSIM) associated with a network service provider. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein:
the verifying the one or more data comprises at least comparing the first activation state against an expected activation state; and the unsuccessful verification comprises at least when the comparison of the first activation state and the expected activation state does not meet a prescribed criterion. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein:
the extracted one or more data comprises at least a shared secret between a mobile device responsible for the request for activation and an activation service entity; and unsuccessful verification comprises at least when the shared secret of the extracted one or more data does not match the shared secret at an activation service entity. 5. An appliance apparatus useful in the execution of a fraud detection protocol, the appliance apparatus comprising:
a processor; a state database configured to store activation state information for each respective access control client of a plurality of access control clients; and a computer readable apparatus having a non-transitory storage medium with at least one computer program stored thereon, the at least one computer program configured to, when executed on the processor, cause the appliance apparatus to:
receive an access control client request from a mobile device, the access control client request comprising at least activation state information;
cause retrieval, from the state database, of current state information corresponding to the requested access control client;
verify the validity of the request by at least a comparison of the activation state information against the retrieved current state information; and
when the request is determined to be invalid, effectuate a fraud protocol. 6. The appliance apparatus of claim 5, wherein the at least one computer program is further configured to, when executed, cause the appliance apparatus to verify the validity of the request by a verification check of secret information provided with the request, the secret information shared between the mobile device and the appliance apparatus. 7. The appliance apparatus of claim 6, wherein the at least one computer program is further configured to, when executed, cause the appliance apparatus to:
update the secret information when the validity of the request is determined to be valid; and provide the updated secret information to the mobile device. 8. The appliance apparatus of claim 5, wherein the at least one computer program is further configured to, when executed, cause the appliance apparatus to, upon a verification of the request, update the current state information stored in the state database in accordance with the request. 9. The appliance apparatus of claim 5, wherein the fraud protocol comprises a disablement of an access control client associated with the access control client request. 10. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising a plurality of instructions for detecting fraudulent device activation, the plurality of instructions configured to, when executed, cause a network entity to:
receive a access control client request from a mobile device, the request comprising at least state information of the access control client and a secret key of the mobile device; determine if the at least state information corresponds to an expected state for the access control client, and if the secret key is valid; and when (i) the state information does not correspond to the expected state, and/or (ii) when the secret key is invalid, implement a fraud protocol for the access control client. 11. A method for detecting fraudulent device activation, the method comprising:
transmitting a request for an access control client; receiving information associated with an access control client of the access control client request; validating the received information; and upon a validation of the received information, performing an action associated with the request for the access control client. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the information associated with an access control client comprises at least activation status information of the access control client. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the validation is determined based at least in part by the activation status information matching with an expected activation status of the access control client. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising updating the expected activation status upon performing the action, where the updated expected activation status is related at least in part to the performed action. 15. A mobile device configured for execution of a fraud detection protocol, the mobile device comprising:
a processor; a secure element configured to store one or more access control clients; at least one wireless interface in data communication with the processor; and a computer readable apparatus having a non-transitory storage medium with at least one computer program stored thereon, the at least one computer program configured to, when executed on the processor, cause the mobile device to:
transmit a request relating to an access control client, where the request comprises at least information related to an activation status of the access control client;
receive a response indicative of a determined validity of the request; and
execute a fraud protocol when the response is indicative of an invalid request. 16. The mobile device of claim 15, wherein the fraud protocol comprises disablement the access control client in the mobile device. 17. The mobile device of claim 15, wherein:
the request further comprises a secret shared between the mobile device and an activation service associated with the access control client; and the received response comprises at least an updated secret when the response is indicative of a valid request. 18. The mobile device of claim 16, wherein the at least one computer program is further configured to, when executed, cause the mobile device to store the received updated secret in the secure element. 19. The mobile device of claim 15, wherein the at least one computer program is further configured to update a status of the access control client when the response is indicative of a valid request, the updated status based at least in part on an action associated with the request. 20. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising a plurality of instructions for detecting fraudulent device activation, the plurality of instructions configured to, when executed, cause a mobile device to:
transmit an access control client request to an activation service, the request comprising at least a current activation status of the access control client; receive a message from the activation service, where the message is configured to indicate a validity of the request; and when the message indicated that the request is invalid, implement a fraud procedure on at least the access control client. | 2,400 |
6,805 | 6,805 | 14,300,471 | 2,422 | A system, method, and computer-readable medium are disclosed for polling a display device for a video source status and proactively generating a prompt to allow a user to proactively select a multisource video presentation mode of operation when more than one video source is detected. | 1. A computer-implementable method for enabling selection of a multisource video presentation mode of operation, comprising:
polling a display device for a video source status; detecting whether more than one video sources is coupled to the display device via the polling; and proactively generating a prompt to allow a user to select a multisource video presentation mode of operation when more than one video source is detected. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the proactively generating the prompt is via one of an information handling system or on the display device. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein:
when the proactively generating is via the display device, instructions for performing the proactively generating are stored within firmware of the display device and the instructions are executed on a processor within the display device. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the multisource video presentation mode of operation comprises a picture-in-picture (PIP) mode of operation and a picture-by-picture (PBP) mode of operation. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the prompt comprises a screen presentation representing each available video presentation mode of operation. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the prompt for the multiple video source screen presentation mode of operation performs at least one of only presenting available inputs to the user and preselecting input for the display device based upon the detecting. 7. A system comprising:
a processor; a data bus coupled to the processor; and a non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium embodying computer program code, the non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium being coupled to the data bus, the computer program code interacting with a plurality of computer operations and comprising instructions executable by the processor and configured for:
polling a display device for a video source status;
detecting whether more than one video sources is coupled to the display device via the polling; and
proactively generating a prompt to allow a user to select a multisource video presentation mode of operation when more than one video source is detected. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein:
the proactively generating the prompt is via one of an information handling system or on the display device. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein:
when the proactively generating is via the display device, instructions for performing the proactively generating are stored within firmware of the display device and the instructions are executed on a processor within the display device. 10. The system of claim 7, wherein:
the multisource video presentation mode of operation comprises a picture-in-picture (PIP) mode of operation and a picture-by-picture (PBP) mode of operation. 11. The system of claim 7, wherein:
the prompt comprises a screen presentation representing each available video presentation mode of operation. 12. The system of claim 7, wherein:
the prompt for the multiple video source screen presentation mode of operation performs at least one of only presenting available inputs to the user and preselecting input for the display device based upon the detecting. 13. A non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium embodying computer program code, the computer program code comprising computer executable instructions configured for:
polling a display device for a video source status; detecting whether more than one video sources is coupled to the display device via the polling; and proactively generating a prompt to allow a user to select a multisource video presentation mode of operation when more than one video source is detected. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein:
the proactively generating the prompt is via one of an information handling system or on the display device. 15. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein:
when the proactively generating is via the display device, instructions for performing the proactively generating are stored within firmware of the display device and the instructions are executed on a processor within the display device. 16. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein:
the multisource video presentation mode of operation comprises a picture-in-picture (PIP) mode of operation and a picture-by-picture (PBP) mode of operation. 17. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein:
the prompt comprises a screen presentation representing each available video presentation mode of operation. 18. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein:
the prompt for the multiple video source screen presentation mode of operation performs at least one of only presenting available inputs to the user and preselecting input for the display device based upon the detecting. | A system, method, and computer-readable medium are disclosed for polling a display device for a video source status and proactively generating a prompt to allow a user to proactively select a multisource video presentation mode of operation when more than one video source is detected.1. A computer-implementable method for enabling selection of a multisource video presentation mode of operation, comprising:
polling a display device for a video source status; detecting whether more than one video sources is coupled to the display device via the polling; and proactively generating a prompt to allow a user to select a multisource video presentation mode of operation when more than one video source is detected. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the proactively generating the prompt is via one of an information handling system or on the display device. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein:
when the proactively generating is via the display device, instructions for performing the proactively generating are stored within firmware of the display device and the instructions are executed on a processor within the display device. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the multisource video presentation mode of operation comprises a picture-in-picture (PIP) mode of operation and a picture-by-picture (PBP) mode of operation. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the prompt comprises a screen presentation representing each available video presentation mode of operation. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the prompt for the multiple video source screen presentation mode of operation performs at least one of only presenting available inputs to the user and preselecting input for the display device based upon the detecting. 7. A system comprising:
a processor; a data bus coupled to the processor; and a non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium embodying computer program code, the non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium being coupled to the data bus, the computer program code interacting with a plurality of computer operations and comprising instructions executable by the processor and configured for:
polling a display device for a video source status;
detecting whether more than one video sources is coupled to the display device via the polling; and
proactively generating a prompt to allow a user to select a multisource video presentation mode of operation when more than one video source is detected. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein:
the proactively generating the prompt is via one of an information handling system or on the display device. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein:
when the proactively generating is via the display device, instructions for performing the proactively generating are stored within firmware of the display device and the instructions are executed on a processor within the display device. 10. The system of claim 7, wherein:
the multisource video presentation mode of operation comprises a picture-in-picture (PIP) mode of operation and a picture-by-picture (PBP) mode of operation. 11. The system of claim 7, wherein:
the prompt comprises a screen presentation representing each available video presentation mode of operation. 12. The system of claim 7, wherein:
the prompt for the multiple video source screen presentation mode of operation performs at least one of only presenting available inputs to the user and preselecting input for the display device based upon the detecting. 13. A non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium embodying computer program code, the computer program code comprising computer executable instructions configured for:
polling a display device for a video source status; detecting whether more than one video sources is coupled to the display device via the polling; and proactively generating a prompt to allow a user to select a multisource video presentation mode of operation when more than one video source is detected. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein:
the proactively generating the prompt is via one of an information handling system or on the display device. 15. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein:
when the proactively generating is via the display device, instructions for performing the proactively generating are stored within firmware of the display device and the instructions are executed on a processor within the display device. 16. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein:
the multisource video presentation mode of operation comprises a picture-in-picture (PIP) mode of operation and a picture-by-picture (PBP) mode of operation. 17. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein:
the prompt comprises a screen presentation representing each available video presentation mode of operation. 18. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein:
the prompt for the multiple video source screen presentation mode of operation performs at least one of only presenting available inputs to the user and preselecting input for the display device based upon the detecting. | 2,400 |
6,806 | 6,806 | 13,818,196 | 2,472 | The invention relates to a session control entity, a method and a computer program product for assigning for a user, during establishment of a packet data connection, an interne protocol (IP) address allocated for an emergency packet data connection if the packet data connection is an emergency packet data connection. | 1. A session control entity, comprising
means for receiving a request to register a user, means for determining if the request comprises a request to register for an emergency service, means for maintaining information on internet protocol addresses allocated for an emergency packet data connection, means for determining if the request is received via an emergency packet data connection, wherein the determination comprises determining if an internet protocol address in the request belongs to the internet protocol addresses allocated for the emergency packet data connection. 2. A session control entity of claim 1, further comprising means for rejecting the request if the internet protocol address, based on the determination, is allocated for the emergency packet data connection and the request is not the request to register for the emergency service. 3. A session control entity of claim 1, wherein the internet protocol address in the request comprises a contact address of the user and/or is embedded in Contact header of Session Initiation Protocol. 4. A session control entity of claim 1, further comprising means for transmitting the request to another session control entity if, based on the determining, the request comprises the request to register for an emergency service 5. A method of establishing a packet data connection, comprising:
assigning for a user, during establishment of a packet data connection, an internet protocol address allocated for an emergency packet data connection if the packet data connection comprises an emergency packet data connection. 6. A method of claim 5 further comprising deciding if the packet data connection comprises an emergency packet data connection based on an indication received from the user during the establishment of the packet data connection. 7. A method of claim 5, further comprising determining if a request to register the user is received via the emergency packet data connection, wherein the determination comprises determining if an internet protocol address in the request belongs to the internet protocol (IP) addresses allocated for the emergency packet data connection. 8. A method of claim 5, further comprising determining if the request comprises a request to register for an emergency service. 9. A method of claim 8, wherein the determining if the request comprises the request to register for an emergency service comprises detecting, in the request, an indication indicating that the user is registering for an emergency service. 10. A method of claim 8, further comprising rejecting the request if, based on the determination, the request is received via the emergency packet data connection and the request is not a request to register for an emergency service. 11. A method of claim 8, further comprising transmitting the request to a session control entity if, based on the determining, the request comprises the request to register for an emergency service. 12. Method for registration, comprising:
assigning a range of internet protocol addresses for an emergency packet data connection in a packet data gateway, configuring the range of Internet protocol addresses in a session control entity, detecting by the session control entity, when receiving a registration request from user equipment, if the user equipment uses the emergency packet data connection for a non-emergency registration request, wherein the detecting comprises detecting if the Internet protocol address in contact address of the user equipment comprises an internet protocol addresses for the emergency packet data connection, rejecting the request if the user equipment uses the emergency packet data connection for non-emergency registration request. 13. An apparatus comprising:
means for assigning for a user, during establishment of a packet data connection, an Internet protocol address allocated for an emergency packet data connection if the packet data connection comprises an emergency packet data connection. 14. An apparatus of claim 13, further comprising means for deciding if the packet data connection comprises an emergency packet data connection based on an indicating received from the user during the establishment of the packet data connection. 15. An apparatus of claim 13, wherein the apparatus comprises at least one of a packet data gateway, a gateway GPRS support node and a packet data network gateway. 16. A system comprising:
means for maintaining information, in a packet data gateway, on internet protocol addresses allocated for an emergency packet data connection, means for maintaining information, in a session control entity, on the Internet protocol (IP) addresses allocated for the emergency packet data connection, means for assigning for a user, during establishment of a packet data connection in the packet data gateway, an internet protocol address allocated for the emergency packet data connection if the packet data connection comprises an emergency packet data connection, and, means for determining, in the session control entity, if a request to register the user is received via the emergency packet data connection, wherein the determination comprises determining if an Internet protocol address in the request belongs to the internet protocol addresses allocated for the emergency packet data connection. 17. A system of claim 16, wherein the internet protocol addresses allocated for the emergency packet data connection comprise a range of Internet protocol addresses. 18. A computer program product comprising code means adapted to produce steps of claim 5 when loaded into the memory of a computer. | The invention relates to a session control entity, a method and a computer program product for assigning for a user, during establishment of a packet data connection, an interne protocol (IP) address allocated for an emergency packet data connection if the packet data connection is an emergency packet data connection.1. A session control entity, comprising
means for receiving a request to register a user, means for determining if the request comprises a request to register for an emergency service, means for maintaining information on internet protocol addresses allocated for an emergency packet data connection, means for determining if the request is received via an emergency packet data connection, wherein the determination comprises determining if an internet protocol address in the request belongs to the internet protocol addresses allocated for the emergency packet data connection. 2. A session control entity of claim 1, further comprising means for rejecting the request if the internet protocol address, based on the determination, is allocated for the emergency packet data connection and the request is not the request to register for the emergency service. 3. A session control entity of claim 1, wherein the internet protocol address in the request comprises a contact address of the user and/or is embedded in Contact header of Session Initiation Protocol. 4. A session control entity of claim 1, further comprising means for transmitting the request to another session control entity if, based on the determining, the request comprises the request to register for an emergency service 5. A method of establishing a packet data connection, comprising:
assigning for a user, during establishment of a packet data connection, an internet protocol address allocated for an emergency packet data connection if the packet data connection comprises an emergency packet data connection. 6. A method of claim 5 further comprising deciding if the packet data connection comprises an emergency packet data connection based on an indication received from the user during the establishment of the packet data connection. 7. A method of claim 5, further comprising determining if a request to register the user is received via the emergency packet data connection, wherein the determination comprises determining if an internet protocol address in the request belongs to the internet protocol (IP) addresses allocated for the emergency packet data connection. 8. A method of claim 5, further comprising determining if the request comprises a request to register for an emergency service. 9. A method of claim 8, wherein the determining if the request comprises the request to register for an emergency service comprises detecting, in the request, an indication indicating that the user is registering for an emergency service. 10. A method of claim 8, further comprising rejecting the request if, based on the determination, the request is received via the emergency packet data connection and the request is not a request to register for an emergency service. 11. A method of claim 8, further comprising transmitting the request to a session control entity if, based on the determining, the request comprises the request to register for an emergency service. 12. Method for registration, comprising:
assigning a range of internet protocol addresses for an emergency packet data connection in a packet data gateway, configuring the range of Internet protocol addresses in a session control entity, detecting by the session control entity, when receiving a registration request from user equipment, if the user equipment uses the emergency packet data connection for a non-emergency registration request, wherein the detecting comprises detecting if the Internet protocol address in contact address of the user equipment comprises an internet protocol addresses for the emergency packet data connection, rejecting the request if the user equipment uses the emergency packet data connection for non-emergency registration request. 13. An apparatus comprising:
means for assigning for a user, during establishment of a packet data connection, an Internet protocol address allocated for an emergency packet data connection if the packet data connection comprises an emergency packet data connection. 14. An apparatus of claim 13, further comprising means for deciding if the packet data connection comprises an emergency packet data connection based on an indicating received from the user during the establishment of the packet data connection. 15. An apparatus of claim 13, wherein the apparatus comprises at least one of a packet data gateway, a gateway GPRS support node and a packet data network gateway. 16. A system comprising:
means for maintaining information, in a packet data gateway, on internet protocol addresses allocated for an emergency packet data connection, means for maintaining information, in a session control entity, on the Internet protocol (IP) addresses allocated for the emergency packet data connection, means for assigning for a user, during establishment of a packet data connection in the packet data gateway, an internet protocol address allocated for the emergency packet data connection if the packet data connection comprises an emergency packet data connection, and, means for determining, in the session control entity, if a request to register the user is received via the emergency packet data connection, wherein the determination comprises determining if an Internet protocol address in the request belongs to the internet protocol addresses allocated for the emergency packet data connection. 17. A system of claim 16, wherein the internet protocol addresses allocated for the emergency packet data connection comprise a range of Internet protocol addresses. 18. A computer program product comprising code means adapted to produce steps of claim 5 when loaded into the memory of a computer. | 2,400 |
6,807 | 6,807 | 14,581,439 | 2,433 | Particular embodiments described herein provide for an electronic device that can be configured to identify a process running on the electronic device, assign a reputation to the process if the process has a known reputation, determine if the process includes executable code, determine a reputation for the executable code, and combine the reputation for the executable code with the reputation assigned to the process to create a new reputation for the process. | 1. At least one computer-readable medium comprising one or more instructions that when executed by at least one processor, cause the processor to:
identify a process, wherein the process includes executable code; assign a reputation to the process if the process has a known reputation; determine a reputation for the executable code; and combine the reputation for the executable code with the reputation assigned to the process to create a new reputation for the process. 2. The at least one computer-readable medium of claim 1, further comprising one or more instructions that when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the processor to:
determine a reputation of a load library if the process includes a load library code; and combine the reputation of the load library with the new reputation for the process to create a second new reputation for the process. 3. The at least one computer-readable medium of claim 1, further comprising one or more instructions that when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the processor to:
determine a reputation of a network element if the process communicates with the network element; and combine the reputation of the network element with the new reputation for the process to create a second new reputation for the process. 4. The at least one computer-readable medium of claim 1, further comprising one or more instructions that when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the processor to:
determine a reputation of a content file if the process interprets the content file; and combine the reputation of the content file with the new reputation for the process to create a second new reputation for the process. 5. The at least one computer-readable medium of claim 1, further comprising one or more instructions that when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the processor to:
determine a reputation of a thread if the thread is attached to the process; and combine the reputation of the thread with the new reputation for the process to create a second new reputation for the process. 6. The at least one computer-readable medium of claim 1, further comprising one or more instructions that when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the processor to:
determine a reputation of an electronic device that includes the process; and combine the reputation of the electronic device with the new reputation for the process to create a second new reputation for the process. 7. The at least one computer-readable medium of claim 6, further comprising one or more instructions that when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the processor to:
determine that the reputation of the electronic device has changed to a new reputation; and combine the new reputation of the electronic device with the second new reputation for the process to create a third reputation for the process. 8. The at least one computer-readable medium of claim 1, further comprising one or more instructions that when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the processor to:
determine a reputation of the behavior of the process; and combine the reputation of the behavior of the process with the new reputation for the process to create a second new reputation for the process. 9. An apparatus comprising:
a process reputation module configured to:
identify a process, wherein the process includes executable code;
assign a reputation to the process if the process has a known reputation;
determine a reputation for the executable code; and
combine the reputation for the executable code with the reputation assigned to the process to create a new reputation for the process, wherein the new process is stored in a memory region of the apparatus. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the process reputation module is further configured to:
determine a reputation of a load library if the process includes a load library code; and combine the reputation of the load library with the new reputation for the process to create a second new reputation for the process. 11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the process reputation module is further configured to:
determine a reputation of a network element if the process communicates with the network element; and combine the reputation of the network element with the new reputation for the process to create a second new reputation for the process. 12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the process reputation module is further configured to:
determine a reputation of a content file if the process interprets the content file; and combine the reputation of the content file with the new reputation for the process to create a second new reputation for the process. 13. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the process reputation module is further configured to:
determine a reputation of a thread if the thread is attached to the process; and combine the reputation of the thread with the new reputation for the process to create a second new reputation for the process. 14. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the process reputation module is further configured to:
determine a reputation of an electronic device that includes the process; and combine the reputation of the electronic device with the new reputation for the process to create a second new reputation for the process. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the process reputation module is further configured to:
determine that the reputation of the electronic device has changed to a new reputation; and combine the new reputation of the electronic device with the second new reputation for the process to create a third reputation for the process. 16. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the process reputation module is further configured to:
determine a reputation of the behavior of the process; and combine the reputation of the behavior of the process with the new reputation for the process to create a second new reputation for the process. 17. A method comprising:
identifying a process, wherein the process includes executable code; assigning a reputation to the process if the process has a known reputation; determining a reputation for the executable code; and combining the reputation for the executable code with the reputation assigned to the process to create a new reputation for the process. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
determining a reputation of a load library if the process includes a load library code; and combining the reputation of the load library with the new reputation for the process to create a second new reputation for the process. 19. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
determining a reputation of a network element if the process communicates with the network element; and combining the reputation of the network element with the new reputation for the process to create a second new reputation for the process. 20. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
determining a reputation of a content file if the process interprets the content file; and combining the reputation of the content file with the new reputation for the process to create a second new reputation for the process. 21. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
determining a reputation of a thread if the thread is attached to the process; and combining the reputation of the thread with the new reputation for the process to create a second new reputation for the process. 22. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
determining a reputation of an electronic device that includes the process; and combining the reputation of the electronic device with the new reputation for the process to create a second new reputation for the process. 23. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
determining a reputation of the behavior of the process; and combining the reputation of the behavior of the process with the new reputation for the process to create a second new reputation for the process. 24. A system for determining the reputation of a process, the system comprising:
a process reputation module configured for:
identifying a process, wherein the process includes executable code;
assigning a reputation to the process if the process has a known reputation;
determining a reputation for the executable code; and
combining the reputation for the executable code with the reputation assigned to the process to create a new reputation for the process. 25. The system of claim 24, wherein the system is further configured for:
determining a reputation of a network element if the process communicates with the network element; and combining the reputation of the network element with the new reputation for the process to create a second new reputation for the process. | Particular embodiments described herein provide for an electronic device that can be configured to identify a process running on the electronic device, assign a reputation to the process if the process has a known reputation, determine if the process includes executable code, determine a reputation for the executable code, and combine the reputation for the executable code with the reputation assigned to the process to create a new reputation for the process.1. At least one computer-readable medium comprising one or more instructions that when executed by at least one processor, cause the processor to:
identify a process, wherein the process includes executable code; assign a reputation to the process if the process has a known reputation; determine a reputation for the executable code; and combine the reputation for the executable code with the reputation assigned to the process to create a new reputation for the process. 2. The at least one computer-readable medium of claim 1, further comprising one or more instructions that when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the processor to:
determine a reputation of a load library if the process includes a load library code; and combine the reputation of the load library with the new reputation for the process to create a second new reputation for the process. 3. The at least one computer-readable medium of claim 1, further comprising one or more instructions that when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the processor to:
determine a reputation of a network element if the process communicates with the network element; and combine the reputation of the network element with the new reputation for the process to create a second new reputation for the process. 4. The at least one computer-readable medium of claim 1, further comprising one or more instructions that when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the processor to:
determine a reputation of a content file if the process interprets the content file; and combine the reputation of the content file with the new reputation for the process to create a second new reputation for the process. 5. The at least one computer-readable medium of claim 1, further comprising one or more instructions that when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the processor to:
determine a reputation of a thread if the thread is attached to the process; and combine the reputation of the thread with the new reputation for the process to create a second new reputation for the process. 6. The at least one computer-readable medium of claim 1, further comprising one or more instructions that when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the processor to:
determine a reputation of an electronic device that includes the process; and combine the reputation of the electronic device with the new reputation for the process to create a second new reputation for the process. 7. The at least one computer-readable medium of claim 6, further comprising one or more instructions that when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the processor to:
determine that the reputation of the electronic device has changed to a new reputation; and combine the new reputation of the electronic device with the second new reputation for the process to create a third reputation for the process. 8. The at least one computer-readable medium of claim 1, further comprising one or more instructions that when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the processor to:
determine a reputation of the behavior of the process; and combine the reputation of the behavior of the process with the new reputation for the process to create a second new reputation for the process. 9. An apparatus comprising:
a process reputation module configured to:
identify a process, wherein the process includes executable code;
assign a reputation to the process if the process has a known reputation;
determine a reputation for the executable code; and
combine the reputation for the executable code with the reputation assigned to the process to create a new reputation for the process, wherein the new process is stored in a memory region of the apparatus. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the process reputation module is further configured to:
determine a reputation of a load library if the process includes a load library code; and combine the reputation of the load library with the new reputation for the process to create a second new reputation for the process. 11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the process reputation module is further configured to:
determine a reputation of a network element if the process communicates with the network element; and combine the reputation of the network element with the new reputation for the process to create a second new reputation for the process. 12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the process reputation module is further configured to:
determine a reputation of a content file if the process interprets the content file; and combine the reputation of the content file with the new reputation for the process to create a second new reputation for the process. 13. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the process reputation module is further configured to:
determine a reputation of a thread if the thread is attached to the process; and combine the reputation of the thread with the new reputation for the process to create a second new reputation for the process. 14. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the process reputation module is further configured to:
determine a reputation of an electronic device that includes the process; and combine the reputation of the electronic device with the new reputation for the process to create a second new reputation for the process. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the process reputation module is further configured to:
determine that the reputation of the electronic device has changed to a new reputation; and combine the new reputation of the electronic device with the second new reputation for the process to create a third reputation for the process. 16. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the process reputation module is further configured to:
determine a reputation of the behavior of the process; and combine the reputation of the behavior of the process with the new reputation for the process to create a second new reputation for the process. 17. A method comprising:
identifying a process, wherein the process includes executable code; assigning a reputation to the process if the process has a known reputation; determining a reputation for the executable code; and combining the reputation for the executable code with the reputation assigned to the process to create a new reputation for the process. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
determining a reputation of a load library if the process includes a load library code; and combining the reputation of the load library with the new reputation for the process to create a second new reputation for the process. 19. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
determining a reputation of a network element if the process communicates with the network element; and combining the reputation of the network element with the new reputation for the process to create a second new reputation for the process. 20. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
determining a reputation of a content file if the process interprets the content file; and combining the reputation of the content file with the new reputation for the process to create a second new reputation for the process. 21. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
determining a reputation of a thread if the thread is attached to the process; and combining the reputation of the thread with the new reputation for the process to create a second new reputation for the process. 22. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
determining a reputation of an electronic device that includes the process; and combining the reputation of the electronic device with the new reputation for the process to create a second new reputation for the process. 23. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
determining a reputation of the behavior of the process; and combining the reputation of the behavior of the process with the new reputation for the process to create a second new reputation for the process. 24. A system for determining the reputation of a process, the system comprising:
a process reputation module configured for:
identifying a process, wherein the process includes executable code;
assigning a reputation to the process if the process has a known reputation;
determining a reputation for the executable code; and
combining the reputation for the executable code with the reputation assigned to the process to create a new reputation for the process. 25. The system of claim 24, wherein the system is further configured for:
determining a reputation of a network element if the process communicates with the network element; and combining the reputation of the network element with the new reputation for the process to create a second new reputation for the process. | 2,400 |
6,808 | 6,808 | 13,533,706 | 2,482 | Systems and methods for detecting a live human face in an image are disclosed. The methods and systems are capable of receiving multispectral image data that includes a human face. The multispectral image data can comprise visible light image data and near-infrared (NIR) image data. The multispectral image data can be processed to detect the human face. The detected human face in the visible light image data can be associated with the detected human face in the NIR image data to determine whether the detected human face is a live human face. | 1. A method for detecting a live human face in an image, comprising:
receiving multispectral image data that includes a human face, said multispectral image data comprising visible light image data and near-infrared (NIR) image data; processing the multispectral image data to detect the human face; and associating the detected human face in the visible light image data with the detected human face in the NIR image data to determine whether the detected human face is a live human face. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the association between the face detected in the visible light image data with the face detected in the NIR image data is based at least in part on a first reflectance difference and a second reflectance difference, wherein the first reflectance difference is the difference between a reflectance value in a portion of the NIR image data and a reflectance value of a first color in a corresponding portion of the visible light image data, and wherein the second reflectance difference is the difference between the reflectance value of the first color and a reflectance value of a second color in the corresponding portion of the visible light image data. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein associating the detected human face captured in the visible light image data with the detected human face captured in the NIR image data comprises:
normalizing the first reflectance difference to obtain a first normalized reflectance difference; and normalizing the second reflectance difference to obtain a second normalized reflectance difference. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein associating the detected human face captured in the visible light image data with the detected human face captured in the NIR image data further comprises:
comparing the first normalized reflectance difference with a first threshold and a second threshold; and comparing the second normalized reflectance difference with a third threshold and a fourth threshold. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising determining whether the portion of the NIR image data and the corresponding portion of the visible light image data contain image data representative of live human skin based at least in part on whether the first normalized reflectance difference is greater than the first threshold and less than the second threshold, and based at least in part on whether the second normalized reflectance difference is greater than the third threshold and less than the fourth threshold. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising determining whether the detected human face is a live human face based at least in part on the number of pixels in the detected face that contain image data representative of live human skin. 7. The method of claim 3, wherein the first color is substantially green, and wherein the second color is substantially red. 8. The method of claim 3, further comprising obtaining a first probability density function of the first normalized reflectance difference and a second probability density function of the second normalized reflectance difference, wherein said first and second probability density functions are based at least in part on image data of live human skin. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising calculating a first probability that the portion of the NIR image data and the corresponding portion of the visible light image data contain image data representative of live human skin,
said first probability based at least in part on the first probability density function and the second probability density function. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
obtaining a third probability density function of the first normalized reflectance difference and a fourth probability density function of the second normalized reflectance difference, wherein said third and fourth probability density functions are based at least in part on image data that is not representative of live human skin, calculating a second probability that the portion of the NIR image data and the corresponding portion of the visible light image data contain image data not representative of live human skin, said second probability based at least in part on the third probability density function and the fourth probability density function. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising comparing the first probability and the second probability to determine whether the portion of the NIR image data and the corresponding portion of the visible light image data contain image data representative of live human skin. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising determining whether the detected human face is a live human face based at least in part on the number of pixels in the detected face that contain image data representative of live human skin. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising capturing multispectral image data with an imaging apparatus. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein capturing multispectral image data comprises capturing a visible light image and a NIR image. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein processing the multispectral image data comprises:
processing the visible light image to detect the human face; and processing the NIR image to detect the human face. 16. An imaging system for detecting a live human face in an image, the system comprising:
at least one image sensor configured to capture multispectral image data comprising visible light image data and near-infrared (NIR) image data, wherein the multispectral image data includes a human face; a face detection module configured to analyze the multispectral image data to detect the human face; and a skin verification module configured to analyze the multispectral image data of the detected face and determine whether the detected human face is a live human face. 17. The imaging system of claim 16, wherein the at least one image sensor comprises a NIR imaging sensor and a visible light sensor. 18. The imaging system of claim 16, wherein the skin verification module is configured to determine whether the detected human face is a live human face based at least in part on a first reflectance difference and a second reflectance difference of the captured multispectral image data. 19. The imaging system of claim 18, wherein the skin verification module is further configured to:
normalize the first reflectance difference to obtain a first normalized reflectance difference; and normalize the second reflectance difference to obtain a second normalized reflectance difference. 20. The imaging system of claim 19, wherein the skin verification module is further configured to:
compare the first normalized reflectance difference with a first threshold and a second threshold; and compare the second normalized reflectance difference with a third threshold and a fourth threshold. 21. The imaging system of claim 20, wherein the skin verification module is further configured to determine whether the detected human face is a live human face based at least in part on whether the first normalized reflectance difference is greater than the first threshold and less than the second threshold, and based at least in part on whether the second normalized reflectance difference is greater than the third threshold and less than the fourth threshold. 22. The imaging system of claim 21, wherein the skin verification module is further configured to determine whether the detected human face is a live human face based at least in part on the number of pixels in the detected face that contain image data representative of live human skin. 23. The imaging system of claim 19, wherein the skin verification module is further configured to obtain a first probability density function of the first normalized reflectance difference and a second probability density function of the second normalized reflectance difference, wherein said first and second probability density functions are based at least in part on image data of live human skin. 24. The imaging system of claim 23, wherein the skin verification module is further configured to:
calculate a first probability that a portion of the NIR image data and a corresponding portion of the visible light image data contain image data representative of live human skin, said first probability based at least in part on the first probability density function and the second probability density function. 25. The imaging system of claim 24, wherein the skin verification module is further configured to:
obtain a third probability density function of the first normalized reflectance difference and a fourth probability density function of the second normalized reflectance difference, wherein said third and fourth probability density functions are based at least in part on image data that is not representative of live human skin, calculate a second probability that the portion of the NIR image data and the corresponding portion of the visible light image data contain image data not representative of live human skin, said second probability based at least in part on the third probability density function and the fourth probability density function. 26. The imaging system of claim 16, further comprising a communications module configured to receive multispectral image data. 27. The imaging system of claim 16, further comprising a user notification module configured to notify the user whether or not the detected face is a live human face. 28. The imaging system of claim 16, further comprising a memory configured to store at least one of computer-readable instructions and image data. 29. An imaging system, comprising:
means for receiving multispectral image data that includes a human face, said multispectral image data comprising visible light image data and near-infrared (NIR) image data; means for processing the multispectral image data to detect the human face; and means for associating the detected human face in the visible light image data with the detected human face in the NIR image data to determine whether the detected human face is a live human face. 30. The imaging system of claim 29, wherein the means for receiving multispectral image data comprises a communications module. 31. The imaging system of claim 29, wherein the means for processing the multispectral image data comprises a face detection module. 32. The imaging system of claim 29, wherein the means for associating the detected human face in the visible light image data with the detected human face in the NIR image data comprises a skin verification module. 33. The imaging system of claim 29, further comprising means for capturing multispectral image data. 34. The imaging system of claim 33, wherein the means for capturing multispectral image data comprises a NIR imaging sensor and a visible light sensor. 35. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon code that when executed performs a method comprising:
receiving multispectral image data that includes a human face, said multispectral image data comprising visible light image data and near-infrared (NIR) image data; processing the multispectral image data to detect the human face; and associating the detected human face in the visible light image data with the detected human face in the NIR image data to determine whether the detected human face is a live human face. | Systems and methods for detecting a live human face in an image are disclosed. The methods and systems are capable of receiving multispectral image data that includes a human face. The multispectral image data can comprise visible light image data and near-infrared (NIR) image data. The multispectral image data can be processed to detect the human face. The detected human face in the visible light image data can be associated with the detected human face in the NIR image data to determine whether the detected human face is a live human face.1. A method for detecting a live human face in an image, comprising:
receiving multispectral image data that includes a human face, said multispectral image data comprising visible light image data and near-infrared (NIR) image data; processing the multispectral image data to detect the human face; and associating the detected human face in the visible light image data with the detected human face in the NIR image data to determine whether the detected human face is a live human face. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the association between the face detected in the visible light image data with the face detected in the NIR image data is based at least in part on a first reflectance difference and a second reflectance difference, wherein the first reflectance difference is the difference between a reflectance value in a portion of the NIR image data and a reflectance value of a first color in a corresponding portion of the visible light image data, and wherein the second reflectance difference is the difference between the reflectance value of the first color and a reflectance value of a second color in the corresponding portion of the visible light image data. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein associating the detected human face captured in the visible light image data with the detected human face captured in the NIR image data comprises:
normalizing the first reflectance difference to obtain a first normalized reflectance difference; and normalizing the second reflectance difference to obtain a second normalized reflectance difference. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein associating the detected human face captured in the visible light image data with the detected human face captured in the NIR image data further comprises:
comparing the first normalized reflectance difference with a first threshold and a second threshold; and comparing the second normalized reflectance difference with a third threshold and a fourth threshold. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising determining whether the portion of the NIR image data and the corresponding portion of the visible light image data contain image data representative of live human skin based at least in part on whether the first normalized reflectance difference is greater than the first threshold and less than the second threshold, and based at least in part on whether the second normalized reflectance difference is greater than the third threshold and less than the fourth threshold. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising determining whether the detected human face is a live human face based at least in part on the number of pixels in the detected face that contain image data representative of live human skin. 7. The method of claim 3, wherein the first color is substantially green, and wherein the second color is substantially red. 8. The method of claim 3, further comprising obtaining a first probability density function of the first normalized reflectance difference and a second probability density function of the second normalized reflectance difference, wherein said first and second probability density functions are based at least in part on image data of live human skin. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising calculating a first probability that the portion of the NIR image data and the corresponding portion of the visible light image data contain image data representative of live human skin,
said first probability based at least in part on the first probability density function and the second probability density function. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
obtaining a third probability density function of the first normalized reflectance difference and a fourth probability density function of the second normalized reflectance difference, wherein said third and fourth probability density functions are based at least in part on image data that is not representative of live human skin, calculating a second probability that the portion of the NIR image data and the corresponding portion of the visible light image data contain image data not representative of live human skin, said second probability based at least in part on the third probability density function and the fourth probability density function. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising comparing the first probability and the second probability to determine whether the portion of the NIR image data and the corresponding portion of the visible light image data contain image data representative of live human skin. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising determining whether the detected human face is a live human face based at least in part on the number of pixels in the detected face that contain image data representative of live human skin. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising capturing multispectral image data with an imaging apparatus. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein capturing multispectral image data comprises capturing a visible light image and a NIR image. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein processing the multispectral image data comprises:
processing the visible light image to detect the human face; and processing the NIR image to detect the human face. 16. An imaging system for detecting a live human face in an image, the system comprising:
at least one image sensor configured to capture multispectral image data comprising visible light image data and near-infrared (NIR) image data, wherein the multispectral image data includes a human face; a face detection module configured to analyze the multispectral image data to detect the human face; and a skin verification module configured to analyze the multispectral image data of the detected face and determine whether the detected human face is a live human face. 17. The imaging system of claim 16, wherein the at least one image sensor comprises a NIR imaging sensor and a visible light sensor. 18. The imaging system of claim 16, wherein the skin verification module is configured to determine whether the detected human face is a live human face based at least in part on a first reflectance difference and a second reflectance difference of the captured multispectral image data. 19. The imaging system of claim 18, wherein the skin verification module is further configured to:
normalize the first reflectance difference to obtain a first normalized reflectance difference; and normalize the second reflectance difference to obtain a second normalized reflectance difference. 20. The imaging system of claim 19, wherein the skin verification module is further configured to:
compare the first normalized reflectance difference with a first threshold and a second threshold; and compare the second normalized reflectance difference with a third threshold and a fourth threshold. 21. The imaging system of claim 20, wherein the skin verification module is further configured to determine whether the detected human face is a live human face based at least in part on whether the first normalized reflectance difference is greater than the first threshold and less than the second threshold, and based at least in part on whether the second normalized reflectance difference is greater than the third threshold and less than the fourth threshold. 22. The imaging system of claim 21, wherein the skin verification module is further configured to determine whether the detected human face is a live human face based at least in part on the number of pixels in the detected face that contain image data representative of live human skin. 23. The imaging system of claim 19, wherein the skin verification module is further configured to obtain a first probability density function of the first normalized reflectance difference and a second probability density function of the second normalized reflectance difference, wherein said first and second probability density functions are based at least in part on image data of live human skin. 24. The imaging system of claim 23, wherein the skin verification module is further configured to:
calculate a first probability that a portion of the NIR image data and a corresponding portion of the visible light image data contain image data representative of live human skin, said first probability based at least in part on the first probability density function and the second probability density function. 25. The imaging system of claim 24, wherein the skin verification module is further configured to:
obtain a third probability density function of the first normalized reflectance difference and a fourth probability density function of the second normalized reflectance difference, wherein said third and fourth probability density functions are based at least in part on image data that is not representative of live human skin, calculate a second probability that the portion of the NIR image data and the corresponding portion of the visible light image data contain image data not representative of live human skin, said second probability based at least in part on the third probability density function and the fourth probability density function. 26. The imaging system of claim 16, further comprising a communications module configured to receive multispectral image data. 27. The imaging system of claim 16, further comprising a user notification module configured to notify the user whether or not the detected face is a live human face. 28. The imaging system of claim 16, further comprising a memory configured to store at least one of computer-readable instructions and image data. 29. An imaging system, comprising:
means for receiving multispectral image data that includes a human face, said multispectral image data comprising visible light image data and near-infrared (NIR) image data; means for processing the multispectral image data to detect the human face; and means for associating the detected human face in the visible light image data with the detected human face in the NIR image data to determine whether the detected human face is a live human face. 30. The imaging system of claim 29, wherein the means for receiving multispectral image data comprises a communications module. 31. The imaging system of claim 29, wherein the means for processing the multispectral image data comprises a face detection module. 32. The imaging system of claim 29, wherein the means for associating the detected human face in the visible light image data with the detected human face in the NIR image data comprises a skin verification module. 33. The imaging system of claim 29, further comprising means for capturing multispectral image data. 34. The imaging system of claim 33, wherein the means for capturing multispectral image data comprises a NIR imaging sensor and a visible light sensor. 35. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon code that when executed performs a method comprising:
receiving multispectral image data that includes a human face, said multispectral image data comprising visible light image data and near-infrared (NIR) image data; processing the multispectral image data to detect the human face; and associating the detected human face in the visible light image data with the detected human face in the NIR image data to determine whether the detected human face is a live human face. | 2,400 |
6,809 | 6,809 | 12,845,111 | 2,445 | The present invention provides a method and system for processing email attachments. The method includes determining that a local file is attached as an email attachment in the email; creating a corresponding relationship record of the email attachment and the local file; determining that the email attachment is modified; and replacing the local file with the modified email attachment according to the corresponding relationship record automatically. | 1. A method for processing email attachment, comprising:
determining in an e-mail system executing in memory by at least one processor of a computer, that a local file is attached as an email attachment in an email; creating a corresponding relationship record of the email attachment and the local file; determining that the email attachment is modified; and replacing the local file with the modified email attachment according to the corresponding relationship record automatically. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein replacing the local file with the modified email attachment according to the corresponding relationship record automatically further comprising:
notifying the user to determine whether the local file is replaced with the modified email attachment, and replacing the local file with the modified email attachment according to the corresponding relationship record automatically in response to the result of the determination is “yes”. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the corresponding relationship record includes identification information of the email attachment and identification information of the local file. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the identification information of the email attachment includes email attachment identifier for identifying the email attachment uniquely, the identification information of the local file includes a path of the local file. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein it is determined that the email attachment is modified by receiving an operation of storing the email attachment. 6. A method for processing email attachment, comprising:
determining in an e-mail system executing in memory by at least one processor of a computer, that a local file is attached as an email attachment in the email; creating a corresponding relationship record of the email attachment and the local file; determining that the local file is modified and that the email is not sent yet; and replacing the email attachment in the email with the modified local file according to the corresponding relationship record. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein replacing the email attachment in the email with the modified local file according to the corresponding relationship record further comprising:
notifying the user to determine whether the email attachment in the email is replaced with the modified local file; and replacing the email attachment in the email with the modified local file according to the corresponding relationship record automatically and updating the corresponding relationship record in response to the result of the determination is “yes”. 8. The method according to claim 6, further comprising:
determining that the local file is modified and that the email is sent already, notifying the user to determine whether a new email including email attachment is generated, wherein email attachment of the new email is the modified local file; and the new email is generated automatically according to the updated corresponding relationship record in response to the result of the determination is “yes”. 9. The method according to claim 6, wherein the corresponding relationship record includes identification information of the email attachment and identification information of the local file. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the identification information of the email attachment includes the email attachment identifier for identifying the email attachment uniquely, the identification information of the local file includes a path of the local file. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein it is determined that the email attachment is modified by receiving a notification of storing the local file. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the identification information of the local file further includes a modified time tag of the local file, and it is determined that the email attachment is modified by comparing the modified time tag of the local file in the corresponding relationship record with the current modified time tag of the local file. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein replacing the modified time tag of the local file in the corresponding relationship record with the modified time tag of the modified local file in response to determining that the email attachment is modified by comparing the modified time tag of the local file in the corresponding relationship record with current modified time tag of the local file. 14. A system for processing email attachment, comprising:
a computer with memory and at least one processor; an e-mail system executing in the memory by the at least one processor of the computer; determining attachment means coupled to the e-mail system and configured to determine that a local file is attached as an email attachment in the email; creating means coupled to the e-mail system and configured to create a corresponding relationship record of the email attachment and the local file; determining modification means coupled to the e-mail system and configured to determine that the email attachment is modified; and synchronizing means coupled to the e-mail system and configured to replace the local file with the modified email attachment according to the corresponding relationship record automatically. 15. The system according to claim 14, the synchronizing means is further configured to notify user to determine whether the local file is replaced with the modified email attachment, and replace the local file with the modified email attachment according to the corresponding relationship record automatically in response to the result of the determination is “yes”. 16. The system according to claim 14, wherein the corresponding relationship record includes the identification information of the email attachment and the identification information of the local file. 17. The system according to claim 16, wherein the identification information of the email attachment includes the email attachment identifier for identifying the email attachment uniquely, the identification information of the local file includes a path of the local file. 18. The method according to claim 14, wherein it is determined that the email attachment is modified by receiving an operation of storing the email attachment. 19. A system for processing email attachment, comprising:
a computer with memory and at least one processor; an e-mail system executing in the memory by the at least one processor of the computer; determining attachment means coupled to the e-mail system and configured to determine that a local file is attached as an email attachment in the email; creating means coupled to the e-mail system and configured to create a corresponding relationship record of the email attachment and the local file; determining modification means coupled to the e-mail system and configured to determine that the local file is modified and that the email is not sent yet; and synchronizing means coupled to the e-mail system and configured to replace the email attachment in the email with the modified local file according to the corresponding relationship record, and update the corresponding relationship record. 20. The method according to claim 19, the synchronizing means is further configured to:
notify the user to determine whether the email attachment in the email is replaced with the modified local file; and replace the email attachment in the email with the modified local file according to the corresponding relationship record automatically and update the corresponding relationship record in response to the result of the determination is “yes”. 21. The system according to claim 19, further comprising the email generating means, wherein the determining modification means is configured to:
determine that the local file is modified and that the email is sent already, notify user to determine whether a new email including email attachment is generated, wherein email attachment of the new email is the modified local file; and the email generating means is configured to, generate the new email automatically according to the updated corresponding relationship record in response to the result of the determination is “yes”. 22. The system according to claim 19, wherein the corresponding relationship record includes the identification information of the email attachment and the identification information of the local file. 23. The system according to claim 24, wherein the identification information of the email attachment includes the email attachment identifier for identifying the email attachment uniquely, the identification information of the local file includes a path of the local file. 24. The system according to claim 23, wherein the identification information of the local file further includes a modified time tag of the local file, and it is determined that the email attachment is modified by comparing the modified time tag of the local file in the corresponding relationship record with current modified time tag of the local file. 25. The system according to claim 24, the synchronizing means is further configured to replace the modified time tag of the local file in the corresponding relationship record with the modified time tag of the modified local file in response to determining that the email attachment is modified by comparing the modified time tag of the local file in the corresponding relationship record with current modified time tag of the local file. | The present invention provides a method and system for processing email attachments. The method includes determining that a local file is attached as an email attachment in the email; creating a corresponding relationship record of the email attachment and the local file; determining that the email attachment is modified; and replacing the local file with the modified email attachment according to the corresponding relationship record automatically.1. A method for processing email attachment, comprising:
determining in an e-mail system executing in memory by at least one processor of a computer, that a local file is attached as an email attachment in an email; creating a corresponding relationship record of the email attachment and the local file; determining that the email attachment is modified; and replacing the local file with the modified email attachment according to the corresponding relationship record automatically. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein replacing the local file with the modified email attachment according to the corresponding relationship record automatically further comprising:
notifying the user to determine whether the local file is replaced with the modified email attachment, and replacing the local file with the modified email attachment according to the corresponding relationship record automatically in response to the result of the determination is “yes”. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the corresponding relationship record includes identification information of the email attachment and identification information of the local file. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the identification information of the email attachment includes email attachment identifier for identifying the email attachment uniquely, the identification information of the local file includes a path of the local file. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein it is determined that the email attachment is modified by receiving an operation of storing the email attachment. 6. A method for processing email attachment, comprising:
determining in an e-mail system executing in memory by at least one processor of a computer, that a local file is attached as an email attachment in the email; creating a corresponding relationship record of the email attachment and the local file; determining that the local file is modified and that the email is not sent yet; and replacing the email attachment in the email with the modified local file according to the corresponding relationship record. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein replacing the email attachment in the email with the modified local file according to the corresponding relationship record further comprising:
notifying the user to determine whether the email attachment in the email is replaced with the modified local file; and replacing the email attachment in the email with the modified local file according to the corresponding relationship record automatically and updating the corresponding relationship record in response to the result of the determination is “yes”. 8. The method according to claim 6, further comprising:
determining that the local file is modified and that the email is sent already, notifying the user to determine whether a new email including email attachment is generated, wherein email attachment of the new email is the modified local file; and the new email is generated automatically according to the updated corresponding relationship record in response to the result of the determination is “yes”. 9. The method according to claim 6, wherein the corresponding relationship record includes identification information of the email attachment and identification information of the local file. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the identification information of the email attachment includes the email attachment identifier for identifying the email attachment uniquely, the identification information of the local file includes a path of the local file. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein it is determined that the email attachment is modified by receiving a notification of storing the local file. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the identification information of the local file further includes a modified time tag of the local file, and it is determined that the email attachment is modified by comparing the modified time tag of the local file in the corresponding relationship record with the current modified time tag of the local file. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein replacing the modified time tag of the local file in the corresponding relationship record with the modified time tag of the modified local file in response to determining that the email attachment is modified by comparing the modified time tag of the local file in the corresponding relationship record with current modified time tag of the local file. 14. A system for processing email attachment, comprising:
a computer with memory and at least one processor; an e-mail system executing in the memory by the at least one processor of the computer; determining attachment means coupled to the e-mail system and configured to determine that a local file is attached as an email attachment in the email; creating means coupled to the e-mail system and configured to create a corresponding relationship record of the email attachment and the local file; determining modification means coupled to the e-mail system and configured to determine that the email attachment is modified; and synchronizing means coupled to the e-mail system and configured to replace the local file with the modified email attachment according to the corresponding relationship record automatically. 15. The system according to claim 14, the synchronizing means is further configured to notify user to determine whether the local file is replaced with the modified email attachment, and replace the local file with the modified email attachment according to the corresponding relationship record automatically in response to the result of the determination is “yes”. 16. The system according to claim 14, wherein the corresponding relationship record includes the identification information of the email attachment and the identification information of the local file. 17. The system according to claim 16, wherein the identification information of the email attachment includes the email attachment identifier for identifying the email attachment uniquely, the identification information of the local file includes a path of the local file. 18. The method according to claim 14, wherein it is determined that the email attachment is modified by receiving an operation of storing the email attachment. 19. A system for processing email attachment, comprising:
a computer with memory and at least one processor; an e-mail system executing in the memory by the at least one processor of the computer; determining attachment means coupled to the e-mail system and configured to determine that a local file is attached as an email attachment in the email; creating means coupled to the e-mail system and configured to create a corresponding relationship record of the email attachment and the local file; determining modification means coupled to the e-mail system and configured to determine that the local file is modified and that the email is not sent yet; and synchronizing means coupled to the e-mail system and configured to replace the email attachment in the email with the modified local file according to the corresponding relationship record, and update the corresponding relationship record. 20. The method according to claim 19, the synchronizing means is further configured to:
notify the user to determine whether the email attachment in the email is replaced with the modified local file; and replace the email attachment in the email with the modified local file according to the corresponding relationship record automatically and update the corresponding relationship record in response to the result of the determination is “yes”. 21. The system according to claim 19, further comprising the email generating means, wherein the determining modification means is configured to:
determine that the local file is modified and that the email is sent already, notify user to determine whether a new email including email attachment is generated, wherein email attachment of the new email is the modified local file; and the email generating means is configured to, generate the new email automatically according to the updated corresponding relationship record in response to the result of the determination is “yes”. 22. The system according to claim 19, wherein the corresponding relationship record includes the identification information of the email attachment and the identification information of the local file. 23. The system according to claim 24, wherein the identification information of the email attachment includes the email attachment identifier for identifying the email attachment uniquely, the identification information of the local file includes a path of the local file. 24. The system according to claim 23, wherein the identification information of the local file further includes a modified time tag of the local file, and it is determined that the email attachment is modified by comparing the modified time tag of the local file in the corresponding relationship record with current modified time tag of the local file. 25. The system according to claim 24, the synchronizing means is further configured to replace the modified time tag of the local file in the corresponding relationship record with the modified time tag of the modified local file in response to determining that the email attachment is modified by comparing the modified time tag of the local file in the corresponding relationship record with current modified time tag of the local file. | 2,400 |
6,810 | 6,810 | 14,663,502 | 2,483 | A vision system of a vehicle includes a camera disposed at a vehicle and having a field of view forward of the vehicle and operable to capture image data. A vehicle-based GPS system is operable to determine a geographical location of the vehicle. A control includes an image processor operable to process image data captured by the camera. Responsive at least in part to processing of captured image data by the image processor to determine lane markings and responsive at least in part to the GPS system and responsive at least in part to map data mapping the road along which the vehicle is traveling, the control is operable to determine an enhanced estimation of the path of travel of the vehicle. The enhanced estimation may be based on reliability levels or weighting factors of the determined lane markings and the map data. | 1. A vision system of a vehicle, said vision system comprising:
a camera disposed at a vehicle equipped with said vision system, wherein said camera has a field of view forward of the equipped vehicle and is operable to capture image data; a vehicle-based GPS system operable to determine a geographical location of the equipped vehicle; a control including an image processor; wherein said image processor processes image data captured by said camera; wherein, responsive at least in part to processing of captured image data, said control is operable to determine (i) left lane markings along the left side of the lane in which the vehicle is traveling and (ii) right lane markings along the right side of the lane in which the vehicle is traveling; wherein, responsive at least in part to processing of captured image data by said image processor and responsive at least in part to said GPS system and responsive at least in part to map data mapping the road along which the equipped vehicle is traveling, said control is operable to determine an enhanced estimation of the path of travel of the equipped vehicle; and wherein, responsive to a determination that a reliability level is below a threshold level for at least one of (i) the determined left lane markings, (ii) the determined right lane markings and (iii) the map data, said control determines the enhanced estimation of the path of travel of the equipped vehicle based more on at least one other of (i) the determined left lane markings, (ii) the determined right lane markings and (iii) the map data and GPS system. 2. The vision system of claim 1, wherein, responsive to determined reliability levels, said control determines weighting factors for (i) the determined left lane markings, (ii) the determined right lane markings and (iii) the map data. 3. The vision system of claim 2, wherein, responsive at least in part to determined weighting factors, said control determines the enhanced estimation of the path of travel of the equipped vehicle. 4. The vision system of claim 3, wherein, responsive to a determination that map data is compromised, said control determines a higher weighting factor for at least one of (i) the determined left lane markings and (ii) the determined right lane markings. 5. The vision system of claim 4, wherein, responsive to a determination that map data is invalid, said control determines the enhanced estimation of the path of travel of the equipped vehicle without use of map data. 6. The vision system of claim 3, wherein, responsive to a determination that a left lane markings determination is compromised, said control determines a higher weighting factor for at least one of (i) the determined right lane markings and (ii) the map data. 7. The vision system of claim 6, wherein, responsive to a determination that a left lane markings determination is invalid, said control determines the enhanced estimation of the path of travel of the equipped vehicle without use of a left lane markings determination. 8. The vision system of claim 3, wherein, responsive to a determination that a right lane markings determination is compromised, said control determines a higher weighting factor for at least one of (i) the determined left lane markings and (ii) the map data. 9. The vision system of claim 8, wherein, responsive to a determination that a right lane markings determination is invalid, said control determines the enhanced estimation of the path of travel of the equipped vehicle without use of a right lane markings determination. 10. The vision system of claim 1, wherein, responsive to a determination that a reliability level is below a threshold level for all of (i) the determined left lane markings, (ii) the determined right lane markings and (iii) the map data, said control determines an estimated path of travel of the equipped vehicle responsive at least in part to (i) a speed sensor of the vehicle and (ii) a yaw rate sensor of the vehicle. 11. A vision system of a vehicle, said vision system comprising:
a camera disposed at a vehicle equipped with said vision system, wherein said camera has a field of view forward of the equipped vehicle and is operable to capture image data; a vehicle-based GPS system operable to determine a geographical location of the equipped vehicle; a control including an image processor; wherein said image processor processes image data captured by said camera; wherein, responsive at least in part to processing of captured image data, said control is operable to determine (i) left lane markings along the left side of the lane in which the vehicle is traveling and (ii) right lane markings along the right side of the lane in which the vehicle is traveling; wherein, responsive at least in part to processing of captured image data by said image processor and responsive at least in part to said GPS system and responsive at least in part to map data mapping the road along which the equipped vehicle is traveling, said control is operable to determine an enhanced estimation of the path of travel of the equipped vehicle; wherein, responsive to determined reliability levels of (i) the determined left lane markings, (ii) the determined right lane markings and (iii) the map data, said control determines weighting factors for (i) the determined left lane markings, (ii) the determined right lane markings and (iii) the map data; and wherein, responsive at least in part to determined weighting factors, said control determines the enhanced estimation of the path of travel of the equipped vehicle based on the weighted (i) determined left lane markings, (ii) determined right lane markings and (iii) map data. 12. The vision system of claim 11, wherein, responsive to a determination that map data is compromised, said control determines a higher weighting factor for at least one of (i) the determined left lane markings and (ii) the determined right lane markings. 13. The vision system of claim 12, wherein, responsive to a determination that map data is invalid, said control determines the enhanced estimation of the path of travel of the equipped vehicle without use of map data. 14. The vision system of claim 11, wherein, responsive to a determination that a left lane markings determination is compromised, said control determines a higher weighting factor for at least one of (i) the determined right lane markings and (ii) the map data. 15. The vision system of claim 14, wherein, responsive to a determination that a left lane markings determination is invalid, said control determines the enhanced estimation of the path of travel of the equipped vehicle without use of a left lane markings determination. 16. The vision system of claim 11, wherein, responsive to a determination that a right lane markings determination is compromised, said control determines a higher weighting factor for at least one of (i) the determined left lane markings and (ii) the map data. 17. The vision system of claim 16, wherein, responsive to a determination that a right lane markings determination is invalid, said control determines the enhanced estimation of the path of travel of the equipped vehicle without use of a right lane markings determination. 18. The vision system of claim 11, wherein, responsive to a determination that a reliability level is below a threshold level for all of (i) the determined left lane markings, (ii) the determined right lane markings and (iii) the map data, said control determines an estimated path of travel of the equipped vehicle responsive at least in part to (i) a speed sensor of the vehicle and (ii) a yaw rate sensor of the vehicle. 19. A vision system of a vehicle, said vision system comprising:
a camera disposed at a vehicle equipped with said vision system, wherein said camera has a field of view forward of the equipped vehicle and is operable to capture image data; a vehicle-based GPS system operable to determine a geographical location of the equipped vehicle; a control including an image processor; wherein said image processor processes image data captured by said camera; wherein, responsive at least in part to processing of captured image data, said control is operable to determine (i) left lane markings along the left side of the lane in which the vehicle is traveling and (ii) right lane markings along the right side of the lane in which the vehicle is traveling; wherein, responsive at least in part to processing of captured image data by said image processor and responsive at least in part to said GPS system and responsive at least in part to map data mapping the road along which the equipped vehicle is traveling, said control is operable to determine an enhanced estimation of the path of travel of the equipped vehicle; wherein, responsive to determined reliability levels of (i) the determined left lane markings, (ii) the determined right lane markings and (iii) the map data, said control determines weighting factors for (i) the determined left lane markings, (ii) the determined right lane markings and (iii) the map data; wherein, responsive at least in part to determined weighting factors, said control determines the enhanced estimation of the path of travel of the equipped vehicle based on the weighted (i) determined left lane markings, (ii) determined right lane markings and (iii) map data; wherein, responsive to a determination that map data is invalid, said control determines the enhanced estimation of the path of travel of the equipped vehicle without use of map data; wherein, responsive to a determination that a left lane markings determination is invalid, said control determines the enhanced estimation of the path of travel of the equipped vehicle without use of a left lane markings determination; wherein, responsive to a determination that a right lane markings determination is invalid, said control determines the enhanced estimation of the path of travel of the equipped vehicle without use of a right lane markings determination; and wherein, responsive to a determination that the reliability level is below a threshold level for all of (i) the determined left lane markings, (ii) the determined right lane markings and (iii) the map data, said control determines an estimated path of travel of the equipped vehicle responsive at least in part to (i) a speed sensor of the vehicle and (ii) a yaw rate sensor of the vehicle. 20. The vision system of claim 19, wherein, responsive to a determination that map data is compromised, said control determines a higher weighting factor for at least one of (i) the determined left lane markings and (ii) the determined right lane markings, and wherein, responsive to a determination that a left lane markings determination is compromised, said control determines a higher weighting factor for at least one of (i) the determined right lane markings and (ii) the map data, and wherein, responsive to a determination that a right lane markings determination is compromised, said control determines a higher weighting factor for at least one of (i) the determined left lane markings and (ii) the map data. | A vision system of a vehicle includes a camera disposed at a vehicle and having a field of view forward of the vehicle and operable to capture image data. A vehicle-based GPS system is operable to determine a geographical location of the vehicle. A control includes an image processor operable to process image data captured by the camera. Responsive at least in part to processing of captured image data by the image processor to determine lane markings and responsive at least in part to the GPS system and responsive at least in part to map data mapping the road along which the vehicle is traveling, the control is operable to determine an enhanced estimation of the path of travel of the vehicle. The enhanced estimation may be based on reliability levels or weighting factors of the determined lane markings and the map data.1. A vision system of a vehicle, said vision system comprising:
a camera disposed at a vehicle equipped with said vision system, wherein said camera has a field of view forward of the equipped vehicle and is operable to capture image data; a vehicle-based GPS system operable to determine a geographical location of the equipped vehicle; a control including an image processor; wherein said image processor processes image data captured by said camera; wherein, responsive at least in part to processing of captured image data, said control is operable to determine (i) left lane markings along the left side of the lane in which the vehicle is traveling and (ii) right lane markings along the right side of the lane in which the vehicle is traveling; wherein, responsive at least in part to processing of captured image data by said image processor and responsive at least in part to said GPS system and responsive at least in part to map data mapping the road along which the equipped vehicle is traveling, said control is operable to determine an enhanced estimation of the path of travel of the equipped vehicle; and wherein, responsive to a determination that a reliability level is below a threshold level for at least one of (i) the determined left lane markings, (ii) the determined right lane markings and (iii) the map data, said control determines the enhanced estimation of the path of travel of the equipped vehicle based more on at least one other of (i) the determined left lane markings, (ii) the determined right lane markings and (iii) the map data and GPS system. 2. The vision system of claim 1, wherein, responsive to determined reliability levels, said control determines weighting factors for (i) the determined left lane markings, (ii) the determined right lane markings and (iii) the map data. 3. The vision system of claim 2, wherein, responsive at least in part to determined weighting factors, said control determines the enhanced estimation of the path of travel of the equipped vehicle. 4. The vision system of claim 3, wherein, responsive to a determination that map data is compromised, said control determines a higher weighting factor for at least one of (i) the determined left lane markings and (ii) the determined right lane markings. 5. The vision system of claim 4, wherein, responsive to a determination that map data is invalid, said control determines the enhanced estimation of the path of travel of the equipped vehicle without use of map data. 6. The vision system of claim 3, wherein, responsive to a determination that a left lane markings determination is compromised, said control determines a higher weighting factor for at least one of (i) the determined right lane markings and (ii) the map data. 7. The vision system of claim 6, wherein, responsive to a determination that a left lane markings determination is invalid, said control determines the enhanced estimation of the path of travel of the equipped vehicle without use of a left lane markings determination. 8. The vision system of claim 3, wherein, responsive to a determination that a right lane markings determination is compromised, said control determines a higher weighting factor for at least one of (i) the determined left lane markings and (ii) the map data. 9. The vision system of claim 8, wherein, responsive to a determination that a right lane markings determination is invalid, said control determines the enhanced estimation of the path of travel of the equipped vehicle without use of a right lane markings determination. 10. The vision system of claim 1, wherein, responsive to a determination that a reliability level is below a threshold level for all of (i) the determined left lane markings, (ii) the determined right lane markings and (iii) the map data, said control determines an estimated path of travel of the equipped vehicle responsive at least in part to (i) a speed sensor of the vehicle and (ii) a yaw rate sensor of the vehicle. 11. A vision system of a vehicle, said vision system comprising:
a camera disposed at a vehicle equipped with said vision system, wherein said camera has a field of view forward of the equipped vehicle and is operable to capture image data; a vehicle-based GPS system operable to determine a geographical location of the equipped vehicle; a control including an image processor; wherein said image processor processes image data captured by said camera; wherein, responsive at least in part to processing of captured image data, said control is operable to determine (i) left lane markings along the left side of the lane in which the vehicle is traveling and (ii) right lane markings along the right side of the lane in which the vehicle is traveling; wherein, responsive at least in part to processing of captured image data by said image processor and responsive at least in part to said GPS system and responsive at least in part to map data mapping the road along which the equipped vehicle is traveling, said control is operable to determine an enhanced estimation of the path of travel of the equipped vehicle; wherein, responsive to determined reliability levels of (i) the determined left lane markings, (ii) the determined right lane markings and (iii) the map data, said control determines weighting factors for (i) the determined left lane markings, (ii) the determined right lane markings and (iii) the map data; and wherein, responsive at least in part to determined weighting factors, said control determines the enhanced estimation of the path of travel of the equipped vehicle based on the weighted (i) determined left lane markings, (ii) determined right lane markings and (iii) map data. 12. The vision system of claim 11, wherein, responsive to a determination that map data is compromised, said control determines a higher weighting factor for at least one of (i) the determined left lane markings and (ii) the determined right lane markings. 13. The vision system of claim 12, wherein, responsive to a determination that map data is invalid, said control determines the enhanced estimation of the path of travel of the equipped vehicle without use of map data. 14. The vision system of claim 11, wherein, responsive to a determination that a left lane markings determination is compromised, said control determines a higher weighting factor for at least one of (i) the determined right lane markings and (ii) the map data. 15. The vision system of claim 14, wherein, responsive to a determination that a left lane markings determination is invalid, said control determines the enhanced estimation of the path of travel of the equipped vehicle without use of a left lane markings determination. 16. The vision system of claim 11, wherein, responsive to a determination that a right lane markings determination is compromised, said control determines a higher weighting factor for at least one of (i) the determined left lane markings and (ii) the map data. 17. The vision system of claim 16, wherein, responsive to a determination that a right lane markings determination is invalid, said control determines the enhanced estimation of the path of travel of the equipped vehicle without use of a right lane markings determination. 18. The vision system of claim 11, wherein, responsive to a determination that a reliability level is below a threshold level for all of (i) the determined left lane markings, (ii) the determined right lane markings and (iii) the map data, said control determines an estimated path of travel of the equipped vehicle responsive at least in part to (i) a speed sensor of the vehicle and (ii) a yaw rate sensor of the vehicle. 19. A vision system of a vehicle, said vision system comprising:
a camera disposed at a vehicle equipped with said vision system, wherein said camera has a field of view forward of the equipped vehicle and is operable to capture image data; a vehicle-based GPS system operable to determine a geographical location of the equipped vehicle; a control including an image processor; wherein said image processor processes image data captured by said camera; wherein, responsive at least in part to processing of captured image data, said control is operable to determine (i) left lane markings along the left side of the lane in which the vehicle is traveling and (ii) right lane markings along the right side of the lane in which the vehicle is traveling; wherein, responsive at least in part to processing of captured image data by said image processor and responsive at least in part to said GPS system and responsive at least in part to map data mapping the road along which the equipped vehicle is traveling, said control is operable to determine an enhanced estimation of the path of travel of the equipped vehicle; wherein, responsive to determined reliability levels of (i) the determined left lane markings, (ii) the determined right lane markings and (iii) the map data, said control determines weighting factors for (i) the determined left lane markings, (ii) the determined right lane markings and (iii) the map data; wherein, responsive at least in part to determined weighting factors, said control determines the enhanced estimation of the path of travel of the equipped vehicle based on the weighted (i) determined left lane markings, (ii) determined right lane markings and (iii) map data; wherein, responsive to a determination that map data is invalid, said control determines the enhanced estimation of the path of travel of the equipped vehicle without use of map data; wherein, responsive to a determination that a left lane markings determination is invalid, said control determines the enhanced estimation of the path of travel of the equipped vehicle without use of a left lane markings determination; wherein, responsive to a determination that a right lane markings determination is invalid, said control determines the enhanced estimation of the path of travel of the equipped vehicle without use of a right lane markings determination; and wherein, responsive to a determination that the reliability level is below a threshold level for all of (i) the determined left lane markings, (ii) the determined right lane markings and (iii) the map data, said control determines an estimated path of travel of the equipped vehicle responsive at least in part to (i) a speed sensor of the vehicle and (ii) a yaw rate sensor of the vehicle. 20. The vision system of claim 19, wherein, responsive to a determination that map data is compromised, said control determines a higher weighting factor for at least one of (i) the determined left lane markings and (ii) the determined right lane markings, and wherein, responsive to a determination that a left lane markings determination is compromised, said control determines a higher weighting factor for at least one of (i) the determined right lane markings and (ii) the map data, and wherein, responsive to a determination that a right lane markings determination is compromised, said control determines a higher weighting factor for at least one of (i) the determined left lane markings and (ii) the map data. | 2,400 |
6,811 | 6,811 | 15,384,582 | 2,483 | A method of operation of a video coding system includes: receiving a video bitstream; extracting a video syntax from the video bitstream; extracting a hypothetical reference decoder (HRD) fixed syntax from a video syntax; extracting a HRD variable syntax from the video syntax; extracting a temporal layer from the video bitstream based on the HRD fixed syntax and the HRD variable syntax; and forming a video stream based on the temporal layer for displaying on a device. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A decoding method for decoding an encoded bit stream using video syntax, comprising:
extracting a hypothetical reference decoder (HRD) fixed syntax including a fixed parameter common to a plurality of sub-layers and a HRD variable syntax including variable parameters for each sub-layer; extracting the sub-layer from the bit stream based on the HRD fixed syntax and the HRD variable syntax; and decoding the encoded bit stream based on the extracted sub-layer, wherein a first parameter in the HRD fixed syntax and a second parameter in the HRD variable syntax indentify an input bit rate of a coded picture buffer (CPB), or buffer size of the CPB in the sub-layer. 22. The decoding method as claimed in claim 21, wherein
the first parameter includes bit_rate_scale and the second parameter includes bit_rate_value_minus1, and wherein the bit_rate_scale and the bit_rate_value_minus1 identify the input bit rate of the CPB. 23. The decoding method as claimed in claim 21, wherein
the first parameter includes cpb_size_scale and the second parameter includes cpb_size_value_minus1, the cpb_size_scale and the cpb_size_value_minus1 indentify the buffer size of the CPB. 24. The decoding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the HRD fixed syntax includes initial_cpb_removal_delay_length_minus1. 25. The decoding method as claimed in claim 21, wherein
the HRD fixed syntax includes cpb_removal_delay_length_minus1. 26. The decoding method as claimed in claim 21, wherein
the HRD fixed syntax includes dbp_output_delay_length_minus1. | A method of operation of a video coding system includes: receiving a video bitstream; extracting a video syntax from the video bitstream; extracting a hypothetical reference decoder (HRD) fixed syntax from a video syntax; extracting a HRD variable syntax from the video syntax; extracting a temporal layer from the video bitstream based on the HRD fixed syntax and the HRD variable syntax; and forming a video stream based on the temporal layer for displaying on a device.1-20. (canceled) 21. A decoding method for decoding an encoded bit stream using video syntax, comprising:
extracting a hypothetical reference decoder (HRD) fixed syntax including a fixed parameter common to a plurality of sub-layers and a HRD variable syntax including variable parameters for each sub-layer; extracting the sub-layer from the bit stream based on the HRD fixed syntax and the HRD variable syntax; and decoding the encoded bit stream based on the extracted sub-layer, wherein a first parameter in the HRD fixed syntax and a second parameter in the HRD variable syntax indentify an input bit rate of a coded picture buffer (CPB), or buffer size of the CPB in the sub-layer. 22. The decoding method as claimed in claim 21, wherein
the first parameter includes bit_rate_scale and the second parameter includes bit_rate_value_minus1, and wherein the bit_rate_scale and the bit_rate_value_minus1 identify the input bit rate of the CPB. 23. The decoding method as claimed in claim 21, wherein
the first parameter includes cpb_size_scale and the second parameter includes cpb_size_value_minus1, the cpb_size_scale and the cpb_size_value_minus1 indentify the buffer size of the CPB. 24. The decoding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the HRD fixed syntax includes initial_cpb_removal_delay_length_minus1. 25. The decoding method as claimed in claim 21, wherein
the HRD fixed syntax includes cpb_removal_delay_length_minus1. 26. The decoding method as claimed in claim 21, wherein
the HRD fixed syntax includes dbp_output_delay_length_minus1. | 2,400 |
6,812 | 6,812 | 14,896,972 | 2,463 | A method comprises receiving at a training coordinator training information from a self-organising network function and network related information and providing to a self-organising network function coordinator a first training request comprising a training request for said self-organising network function and one or more of network related information and training information about one or more other self-organising network functions. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving at a training coordinator training information from a self-organising network function and network related information; and providing to a self-organising network function coordinator a first training request comprising a training request for said self-organising network function and one or more of network related information and training information about one or more other self-organising network functions. 2. A method as claimed in claim, 1 comprising determining at least one of a training area and time. 3. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said training information comprises a received training request. 4. A method as claimed in claim 3, comprising determining if said received training request is to be granted. 5. A method as claimed in claim 4, wherein said determining comprises using at least one of: training coordination information associated with at least one other self-organising network function; and network related information. 6. A method as claimed in claim 4, wherein if said determining determines that said received training request is to be granted, processing said received training request to provide said first training request. 7. A method as claimed in claim 6, wherein said processing comprises adding one or more a training area and time to training request. 8. A method as claimed in claim 6, wherein said processing comprises adding one or more of network related information and training information about one or more other self-organising network functions to said first training request. 9. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said training information comprises one or more of function type of said self-organising network function; training area; and time. 10. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said network related information is received from a network. 11. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said network related information comprises one or more of: a network element alarm; a fault management event; a performance management event; and a configuration management event. 12. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said coordinated training request is configured to cause the self-organising network function coordinator to lock a part of said network to avoid a conflict between said coordinated training request and another coordinated training request or a configuration change. 13. A method comprising:
receiving at a self-organising network function coordinator a first training request comprising a training request for a self-organising network function and one or more of: network related information and training information about one or more other self-organising network functions. 14. A training coordinator apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory including computer code for one or more programs, the at least one memory and the computer code configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus at least to:
receive training information from a self-organising network function and network related information; and provide to a self-organising network function coordinator a first training request comprising a training request for said self-organising network function and one or more of network related information and training information about one or more other self-organising network functions. 15. An apparatus as claimed in claim 14, wherein the at least one memory and the computer code are configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus to determine at least one of a training area and time. 16. An apparatus as claimed in claim 14, wherein said training information comprises a received training request. 17. An apparatus as claimed in claim 16, wherein the at least one memory and the computer code are configured, with the at least one processor, to determine if said received training request is to be granted. 18. An apparatus as claimed in claim 17, wherein the at least one memory and the computer code are configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus to use at least one of: training coordination information associated with at least one other self-organising network function; and network related information to determine if said received training request is to be granted. 19.-26. (canceled) 27. A self-organising network function coordinator apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory including computer code for one or more programs, the at least one memory and the computer code configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus at least to:
receive a first training request comprising a training request for a self-organising network function and one or more of: network related information and training information about one or more other self-organising network functions. 28. A computer program embodied on a non-transitory computer-readable medium, said program comprising program code means which, when run on a computer, control the computer to perform the method of claim 1. | A method comprises receiving at a training coordinator training information from a self-organising network function and network related information and providing to a self-organising network function coordinator a first training request comprising a training request for said self-organising network function and one or more of network related information and training information about one or more other self-organising network functions.1. A method comprising:
receiving at a training coordinator training information from a self-organising network function and network related information; and providing to a self-organising network function coordinator a first training request comprising a training request for said self-organising network function and one or more of network related information and training information about one or more other self-organising network functions. 2. A method as claimed in claim, 1 comprising determining at least one of a training area and time. 3. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said training information comprises a received training request. 4. A method as claimed in claim 3, comprising determining if said received training request is to be granted. 5. A method as claimed in claim 4, wherein said determining comprises using at least one of: training coordination information associated with at least one other self-organising network function; and network related information. 6. A method as claimed in claim 4, wherein if said determining determines that said received training request is to be granted, processing said received training request to provide said first training request. 7. A method as claimed in claim 6, wherein said processing comprises adding one or more a training area and time to training request. 8. A method as claimed in claim 6, wherein said processing comprises adding one or more of network related information and training information about one or more other self-organising network functions to said first training request. 9. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said training information comprises one or more of function type of said self-organising network function; training area; and time. 10. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said network related information is received from a network. 11. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said network related information comprises one or more of: a network element alarm; a fault management event; a performance management event; and a configuration management event. 12. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said coordinated training request is configured to cause the self-organising network function coordinator to lock a part of said network to avoid a conflict between said coordinated training request and another coordinated training request or a configuration change. 13. A method comprising:
receiving at a self-organising network function coordinator a first training request comprising a training request for a self-organising network function and one or more of: network related information and training information about one or more other self-organising network functions. 14. A training coordinator apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory including computer code for one or more programs, the at least one memory and the computer code configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus at least to:
receive training information from a self-organising network function and network related information; and provide to a self-organising network function coordinator a first training request comprising a training request for said self-organising network function and one or more of network related information and training information about one or more other self-organising network functions. 15. An apparatus as claimed in claim 14, wherein the at least one memory and the computer code are configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus to determine at least one of a training area and time. 16. An apparatus as claimed in claim 14, wherein said training information comprises a received training request. 17. An apparatus as claimed in claim 16, wherein the at least one memory and the computer code are configured, with the at least one processor, to determine if said received training request is to be granted. 18. An apparatus as claimed in claim 17, wherein the at least one memory and the computer code are configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus to use at least one of: training coordination information associated with at least one other self-organising network function; and network related information to determine if said received training request is to be granted. 19.-26. (canceled) 27. A self-organising network function coordinator apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory including computer code for one or more programs, the at least one memory and the computer code configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus at least to:
receive a first training request comprising a training request for a self-organising network function and one or more of: network related information and training information about one or more other self-organising network functions. 28. A computer program embodied on a non-transitory computer-readable medium, said program comprising program code means which, when run on a computer, control the computer to perform the method of claim 1. | 2,400 |
6,813 | 6,813 | 13,276,581 | 2,482 | Systems, method, and computer program products for providing multi-channel variable bit-rate video compression are described. In some implementations, video channels can be allocated with bit rates that are set based on a predefined video compression quality. More specifically, each channel can generate a table describing the set of video compression quality values each corresponding to a bit rate value that can be used to achieve that video compression quality value. To generate the table or pre-compression coding information, encoders of the system described herein can pre-encode each input signal at multiple, different bit rates, and record the video compression quality value achievable at each of the bit rates. The system also can use lesser number of encoders for pre-encoding, supplemented by data interpolation, to generate the pre-compression coding information, requiring less processing algorithm but at an expense of lower accuracy. | 1. A system comprising:
a plurality of encoders each receiving a channel of program content, each encoder providing pre-compression coding data identifying a relationship between one or more bit rates and corresponding video compression quality levels; and a controller that:
receives the pre-compression coding data identifying the relationship;
determines a total bit rate available;
identifies a highest video compression quality level based on the pre-compression coding data and the total bit rate available; and
controls the plurality of encoders based on the identified highest video compression quality level. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of encoders receive uncompressed channels of program content. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the relationship identifies a plurality of bit rates and corresponding video compression quality levels each achievable at a respective bit rate. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the controller further:
identifies a first video compression quality level, determines, from the pre-compression coding data, a corresponding bit rate required to achieve the first video compression quality level for each encoder; and identifies the first video compression quality level as the highest video compression quality level if the sum of the bit rates required to achieve the first video compression quality level for the plurality of encoders is less than or equal to the total bit rate available. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the controller further:
identifies a second video compression quality level that is of a lesser quality than the first video compression quality level if the sum of the bit rates required to achieve the first video compression quality level for the plurality of encoders is greater than the total bit rate available. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the controller further:
determines a corresponding bit rate required to achieve the second video compression quality level for each encoder; and identifies the second video compression quality level as the highest video compression quality level if the sum of the bit rates required to achieve the second video compression quality level for the plurality of encoders is less than or equal to the total bit rate available. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein the controller further:
identifies a third video compression quality level that is of a lesser quality than the first video compression quality level but better quality than the second video compression quality level if the sum of the bit rates required to achieve the first video compression quality level or the second video compression quality level for the plurality of encoders is greater than the total bit rate available. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller controls at least two of the plurality of encoders to achieve the identified highest video compression quality level but at a different bit rate. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller:
determines, for each encoder, a bit rate corresponding to the identified highest video compression quality level; and assigns the determined bit rate to each encoder to achieve the identified highest video compression quality level. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the assigned bit rates are different for at least two of the plurality of encoders. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein at least two encoders encode respective one or more channels of program content based on the assigned bit rate, the assigned bit rate being fixed and constant. 12. The system of claim 11, further comprising:
a multiplexer to receive the one or more channels encoded based on the assigned bit rate from the plurality of encoders and to aggregate the one or more encoded channels to produce compressed video data. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein each encoder encodes the channel a plurality of times, each time at a different bit rate, and generates a table describing each bit rate and corresponding video compression quality level. 14. A method comprising:
receiving pre-compression coding data identifying a relationship between one or more bit rates and corresponding video compression quality levels; determining a total bit rate available for encoding one or more channels of program content; identifying a highest video compression quality level based on the pre-compression coding data and the total bit rate available; and controlling a plurality of encoders based on the identified highest video compression quality level. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising receiving uncompressed channels of program content,
wherein receiving pre-compression coding data includes receiving the uncompressed channels encoded a plurality of times, each time at a different bit rate to provide a plurality of corresponding video compression quality levels each achievable at a respective bit rate from which the relationship is identified. 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
identifying a first video compression quality level; determining, from the pre-compression coding data, a corresponding bit rate required to achieve the first video compression quality level for each encoder; and identifying the first video compression quality level as the highest video compression quality level if the sum of the bit rates required to achieve the first video compression quality level for the plurality of encoders is less than or equal to the total bit rate available. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
identifying a second video compression quality level that is of a lesser quality than the first video compression quality level if the sum of the bit rates required to achieve the first video compression quality level for the plurality of encoders is greater than the total bit rate available. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
determining a corresponding bit rate required to achieve the second video compression quality level for each encoder; and identifying the second video compression quality level as the highest video compression quality level if the sum of the bit rates required to achieve the second video compression quality level for the plurality of encoders is less than or equal to the total bit rate available. 19. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
identifying a third video compression quality level that is of a lesser quality than the first video compression quality level but better quality than the second video compression quality level if the sum of the bit rates required to achieve the first video compression quality level or the second video compression quality level for the plurality of encoders is greater than the total bit rate available; determining a corresponding bit rate required to achieve the third video compression quality level for each encoder; and identifying the third video compression quality level as the highest video compression quality level if the sum of the bit rates required to achieve the third video compression quality level for the plurality of encoders is less than or equal to the total bit rate available. 20. The method of claim 14, wherein controlling the plurality of encoders includes controlling at least two of the plurality of encoders to achieve the identified highest video compression quality level but at a different bit rate. 21. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
determining, for each encoder, a bit rate corresponding to the identified highest video compression quality level; and assigning the determined bit rate to each encoder to achieve the identified highest video compression quality level. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein assigning the determined bit rate includes assigning a different bit rate for at least two of the plurality of encoders. 23. The method of claim 22, further comprising:
multiplexing the one or more channels encoded based on the assigned bit rate from the plurality of encoders to produce compressed video data. 24. A system comprising:
a plurality of encoders each providing, in real time, coding data identifying a relationship between a plurality of bit rates and corresponding video compression quality levels; and a controller that:
receives the coding data identifying the relationship;
identifies a video compression quality level based on the coding data and a total bit rate available for transmission in a transmission medium through which program content encoded by the plurality of encoders are to be transmitted; and
controls the plurality of encoders in real time based on the identified video compression quality level. | Systems, method, and computer program products for providing multi-channel variable bit-rate video compression are described. In some implementations, video channels can be allocated with bit rates that are set based on a predefined video compression quality. More specifically, each channel can generate a table describing the set of video compression quality values each corresponding to a bit rate value that can be used to achieve that video compression quality value. To generate the table or pre-compression coding information, encoders of the system described herein can pre-encode each input signal at multiple, different bit rates, and record the video compression quality value achievable at each of the bit rates. The system also can use lesser number of encoders for pre-encoding, supplemented by data interpolation, to generate the pre-compression coding information, requiring less processing algorithm but at an expense of lower accuracy.1. A system comprising:
a plurality of encoders each receiving a channel of program content, each encoder providing pre-compression coding data identifying a relationship between one or more bit rates and corresponding video compression quality levels; and a controller that:
receives the pre-compression coding data identifying the relationship;
determines a total bit rate available;
identifies a highest video compression quality level based on the pre-compression coding data and the total bit rate available; and
controls the plurality of encoders based on the identified highest video compression quality level. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of encoders receive uncompressed channels of program content. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the relationship identifies a plurality of bit rates and corresponding video compression quality levels each achievable at a respective bit rate. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the controller further:
identifies a first video compression quality level, determines, from the pre-compression coding data, a corresponding bit rate required to achieve the first video compression quality level for each encoder; and identifies the first video compression quality level as the highest video compression quality level if the sum of the bit rates required to achieve the first video compression quality level for the plurality of encoders is less than or equal to the total bit rate available. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the controller further:
identifies a second video compression quality level that is of a lesser quality than the first video compression quality level if the sum of the bit rates required to achieve the first video compression quality level for the plurality of encoders is greater than the total bit rate available. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the controller further:
determines a corresponding bit rate required to achieve the second video compression quality level for each encoder; and identifies the second video compression quality level as the highest video compression quality level if the sum of the bit rates required to achieve the second video compression quality level for the plurality of encoders is less than or equal to the total bit rate available. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein the controller further:
identifies a third video compression quality level that is of a lesser quality than the first video compression quality level but better quality than the second video compression quality level if the sum of the bit rates required to achieve the first video compression quality level or the second video compression quality level for the plurality of encoders is greater than the total bit rate available. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller controls at least two of the plurality of encoders to achieve the identified highest video compression quality level but at a different bit rate. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller:
determines, for each encoder, a bit rate corresponding to the identified highest video compression quality level; and assigns the determined bit rate to each encoder to achieve the identified highest video compression quality level. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the assigned bit rates are different for at least two of the plurality of encoders. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein at least two encoders encode respective one or more channels of program content based on the assigned bit rate, the assigned bit rate being fixed and constant. 12. The system of claim 11, further comprising:
a multiplexer to receive the one or more channels encoded based on the assigned bit rate from the plurality of encoders and to aggregate the one or more encoded channels to produce compressed video data. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein each encoder encodes the channel a plurality of times, each time at a different bit rate, and generates a table describing each bit rate and corresponding video compression quality level. 14. A method comprising:
receiving pre-compression coding data identifying a relationship between one or more bit rates and corresponding video compression quality levels; determining a total bit rate available for encoding one or more channels of program content; identifying a highest video compression quality level based on the pre-compression coding data and the total bit rate available; and controlling a plurality of encoders based on the identified highest video compression quality level. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising receiving uncompressed channels of program content,
wherein receiving pre-compression coding data includes receiving the uncompressed channels encoded a plurality of times, each time at a different bit rate to provide a plurality of corresponding video compression quality levels each achievable at a respective bit rate from which the relationship is identified. 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
identifying a first video compression quality level; determining, from the pre-compression coding data, a corresponding bit rate required to achieve the first video compression quality level for each encoder; and identifying the first video compression quality level as the highest video compression quality level if the sum of the bit rates required to achieve the first video compression quality level for the plurality of encoders is less than or equal to the total bit rate available. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
identifying a second video compression quality level that is of a lesser quality than the first video compression quality level if the sum of the bit rates required to achieve the first video compression quality level for the plurality of encoders is greater than the total bit rate available. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
determining a corresponding bit rate required to achieve the second video compression quality level for each encoder; and identifying the second video compression quality level as the highest video compression quality level if the sum of the bit rates required to achieve the second video compression quality level for the plurality of encoders is less than or equal to the total bit rate available. 19. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
identifying a third video compression quality level that is of a lesser quality than the first video compression quality level but better quality than the second video compression quality level if the sum of the bit rates required to achieve the first video compression quality level or the second video compression quality level for the plurality of encoders is greater than the total bit rate available; determining a corresponding bit rate required to achieve the third video compression quality level for each encoder; and identifying the third video compression quality level as the highest video compression quality level if the sum of the bit rates required to achieve the third video compression quality level for the plurality of encoders is less than or equal to the total bit rate available. 20. The method of claim 14, wherein controlling the plurality of encoders includes controlling at least two of the plurality of encoders to achieve the identified highest video compression quality level but at a different bit rate. 21. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
determining, for each encoder, a bit rate corresponding to the identified highest video compression quality level; and assigning the determined bit rate to each encoder to achieve the identified highest video compression quality level. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein assigning the determined bit rate includes assigning a different bit rate for at least two of the plurality of encoders. 23. The method of claim 22, further comprising:
multiplexing the one or more channels encoded based on the assigned bit rate from the plurality of encoders to produce compressed video data. 24. A system comprising:
a plurality of encoders each providing, in real time, coding data identifying a relationship between a plurality of bit rates and corresponding video compression quality levels; and a controller that:
receives the coding data identifying the relationship;
identifies a video compression quality level based on the coding data and a total bit rate available for transmission in a transmission medium through which program content encoded by the plurality of encoders are to be transmitted; and
controls the plurality of encoders in real time based on the identified video compression quality level. | 2,400 |
6,814 | 6,814 | 14,062,503 | 2,424 | A method and system of provisioning a set-top box (STB) with a STB provisioning system are provided which include storing STB profile information in a provisioning datastore, receiving a customer order at a service provisioning system, notifying a billing system of the customer order, and notifying a conditional access system of the customer order. The method and system further include storing information from the customer order in a provisioning datastore, notifying a video device manager about the STB, and delivering a cable operator configuration message from the video device manager to the STB, the configuration message being based on information from the provisioning datastore, thereby provisioning the STB without essential involvement of the conditional access system. | 1. A method comprising:
determining a geographical location of a device by reverse-resolving a device internet protocol (IP) address into a domain name system (DNS) hostname via DNS lookups; and transmitting, to the device, a configuration message that includes first information related to configuration of the geographical location of the device. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
receiving device certification information relating to the device; and
storing the device certification information in a provisioning datastore. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising: receiving the device certification information as a mark-up language document. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising: receiving the mark-up language document as an Extensible Markup Language (XML)-formatted document. 5. The method of claim 1 further comprising: receiving device profile information. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving an order as an Extensible Markup Language (XML) document. 7. The method of claim 6 further comprising:
notifying a billing system of the order. 8. The method of claim 6 further comprising:
transmitting a notification of the order to a conditional access system. 9. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
notifying a data device manager about the device. 10. The method of claim 1 further comprising: transmitting the configuration message to the device as an Extensible Markup Language (XML) document. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising: transmitting the first information that comprises a state and county code. 12. The method of claim 1 further comprising: transmitting, to the device, the configuration message that includes second information to enable multiple channel lineups. 13. The method of claim 1 further comprising: transmitting the configuration message using bi-directional unicast messaging. 14. The method of claim 1 further comprising: transmitting the configuration message using uni-directional multicast messaging. 15. A method comprising:
determining a device geographical location by reverse-resolving a device internet protocol (IP) address into a domain name system (DNS) hostname via DNS lookups; and transmitting, to the device, a configuration message that includes first information related to configuration of the device geographical location as a first mark-up language document. 16. The method of claim 15 further comprising:
receiving an order in a second mark-up language document; and
notifying a billing system of the order. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising: receiving the second mark-up language document as an Extensible Markup Language (XML)-formatted document. 18. A system comprising:
a computing device configured to receive profile information related to a device; and a content device manager configured to determine a device geographical location by reverse-resolving a device internet protocol (IP) address into a domain name system (DNS) hostname via DNS lookups, wherein the content device manager is further configured to transmit a configuration message to the device, wherein the configuration message to the device includes first information related to configuration of the device geographical location. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the first information comprises a state and county code. 20. The system of claim 18 wherein the configuration message to the device enables Internet access to the device. | A method and system of provisioning a set-top box (STB) with a STB provisioning system are provided which include storing STB profile information in a provisioning datastore, receiving a customer order at a service provisioning system, notifying a billing system of the customer order, and notifying a conditional access system of the customer order. The method and system further include storing information from the customer order in a provisioning datastore, notifying a video device manager about the STB, and delivering a cable operator configuration message from the video device manager to the STB, the configuration message being based on information from the provisioning datastore, thereby provisioning the STB without essential involvement of the conditional access system.1. A method comprising:
determining a geographical location of a device by reverse-resolving a device internet protocol (IP) address into a domain name system (DNS) hostname via DNS lookups; and transmitting, to the device, a configuration message that includes first information related to configuration of the geographical location of the device. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
receiving device certification information relating to the device; and
storing the device certification information in a provisioning datastore. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising: receiving the device certification information as a mark-up language document. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising: receiving the mark-up language document as an Extensible Markup Language (XML)-formatted document. 5. The method of claim 1 further comprising: receiving device profile information. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving an order as an Extensible Markup Language (XML) document. 7. The method of claim 6 further comprising:
notifying a billing system of the order. 8. The method of claim 6 further comprising:
transmitting a notification of the order to a conditional access system. 9. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
notifying a data device manager about the device. 10. The method of claim 1 further comprising: transmitting the configuration message to the device as an Extensible Markup Language (XML) document. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising: transmitting the first information that comprises a state and county code. 12. The method of claim 1 further comprising: transmitting, to the device, the configuration message that includes second information to enable multiple channel lineups. 13. The method of claim 1 further comprising: transmitting the configuration message using bi-directional unicast messaging. 14. The method of claim 1 further comprising: transmitting the configuration message using uni-directional multicast messaging. 15. A method comprising:
determining a device geographical location by reverse-resolving a device internet protocol (IP) address into a domain name system (DNS) hostname via DNS lookups; and transmitting, to the device, a configuration message that includes first information related to configuration of the device geographical location as a first mark-up language document. 16. The method of claim 15 further comprising:
receiving an order in a second mark-up language document; and
notifying a billing system of the order. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising: receiving the second mark-up language document as an Extensible Markup Language (XML)-formatted document. 18. A system comprising:
a computing device configured to receive profile information related to a device; and a content device manager configured to determine a device geographical location by reverse-resolving a device internet protocol (IP) address into a domain name system (DNS) hostname via DNS lookups, wherein the content device manager is further configured to transmit a configuration message to the device, wherein the configuration message to the device includes first information related to configuration of the device geographical location. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the first information comprises a state and county code. 20. The system of claim 18 wherein the configuration message to the device enables Internet access to the device. | 2,400 |
6,815 | 6,815 | 14,272,816 | 2,486 | A solution for monitoring an area including one or more restricted zones is provided. The solution can include one or more monitoring assemblies deployed to acquire image data of the area and independently monitor operations within the area at each monitoring assembly. A monitoring assembly can include one or more local alert components to generate an audible or visual alarm to local personnel. Data regarding static features present in the area can be used to create a registration map of the field of view, which can subsequently enable accurate determination of the three-dimensional location of a target using two-dimensional image data and/or identify an extent of a restricted zone even when one or more of the static features are obscured. Monitoring a target over a series of images can be used to determine whether an alert condition is present. | 1. A system comprising:
a monitoring assembly including:
a set of cameras, wherein the set of cameras includes at least one near infrared camera;
a set of local alert components; and
a computer system configured to monitor operations in a region by performing a method including:
determining a location of a target at least partially visible in image data acquired by the set of cameras using data corresponding to a plurality of static features present in the region;
evaluating the location with respect to at least one restricted zone in the region;
in response to the evaluating indicating the target is at least partially located within a restricted zone, determining a presence of an alert condition using a series of images including the target; and
activating at least one of the set of local alert components in response to determining the presence of an alert condition. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising at least one additional monitoring assembly, wherein each monitoring assembly is configured to monitor operations in a unique sub-region of an area, and wherein each monitoring assembly further includes a wireless communications component configured to enable the computer system of each monitoring assembly to communicate with at least one computer system of another monitoring assembly. 3. The system of claim 2, further comprising a central system for managing operations in the area, wherein at least one computer system of the plurality of monitoring assemblies is configured to communicate with the central system. 4. The system of claim 1, the monitoring assembly further including a near infrared illuminator, wherein the method further includes operating the near infrared illuminator to provide sufficient light for the region. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the monitoring assembly is mounted at a location providing a head-on oriented view with respect to a path of travel of targets within the at least one restricted zone and at a height sufficient to prevent a line of sight of the set of cameras from being blocked due to normal operations in the region. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the region comprises a group of classification tracks in a railroad classification yard. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the computer system is calibrated after deployment of the monitoring assembly to a location, wherein the calibration includes obtaining data regarding the plurality of static features in the region and identifying the plurality of static features in image data acquired by the set of cameras. 8. A method comprising:
at each of a plurality of monitoring assemblies located within an area:
acquiring image data for a region of the area using a set of cameras of the monitoring assembly;
processing the image data using a computer system of the monitoring assembly to determine a location of each of a set of targets at least partially visible in the image data;
the computer system evaluating the location with respect to at least one restricted zone in the region;
in response to the evaluating indicating the target is at least partially located within a restricted zone, the computer system determining a presence of an alert condition using a series of images including the target; and
the computer system activating at least one of the set of local alert components in response to determining the presence of an alert condition. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising deploying the plurality of monitoring assemblies within the area, wherein the deploying includes mounting the set of cameras at a location providing a head-on oriented view with respect to a path of travel of targets within the at least one restricted zone and at a height sufficient to prevent a line of sight of the set of cameras from being blocked due to normal operations in the region. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising calibrating the computer system of each of the plurality of monitoring assemblies, wherein the calibrating includes obtaining data regarding a plurality of static features in the region and identifying the plurality of static features in image data acquired by the set of cameras, wherein the computer system uses the data regarding the plurality of static features during the evaluating. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the calibrating further includes creating a registration map of the region in the image data using the plurality of static features identified in the image data, wherein the computer system uses the registration map during the evaluating. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the registration map includes a mask for a set of paths of travel for targets in the region. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the region comprises a group of classification tracks in a railroad classification yard. 14. The method of claim 8, the method further comprising in response to determining the presence of the alert condition, the computer system providing information regarding the alert condition for processing by at least one of: the computer system of another monitoring assembly or a central system managing the operations in the area. 15. A classification yard comprising:
a plurality of classification tracks having a first side from which rail vehicles enter for assembly in a consist and a second side from which consists exit the plurality of classification tracks, wherein each classification track includes a foul region defined by a mechanism located between the first and second sides for halting movement of a rail vehicle and a switch for merging the classification track with another classification track on the second side; a monitoring assembly including:
a set of cameras, each camera having a field of view that includes the mechanism and the switch for each of the plurality of classification tracks; and
a computer system configured to monitor the foul region of each of the plurality of classification tracks by performing a method including:
determining a location of a rail vehicle at least partially visible in image data acquired by the set of cameras using data corresponding to a plurality of static features present in the classification yard;
evaluating the location with respect to the foul region for a classification track on which the rail vehicle is located; and
in response to the evaluating indicating the rail vehicle is at least partially located within the foul region, determining a presence of an alert condition using a series of images including the rail vehicle. 16. The yard of claim 15, wherein the classification yard includes multiple groups of classification tracks, each group of classification tracks including a subset of the plurality of classification tracks and having at least one monitoring assembly configured to monitor the foul region of each classification track in the group. 17. The yard of claim 15, wherein the classification yard includes a plurality of monitoring assemblies, each monitoring assembly including a computer system configured for wireless communication with at least one other computer system of another monitoring assembly. 18. The yard of claim 17, further comprising a central system for managing operations of the rail vehicles on the plurality of classification tracks, wherein at least one computer system of the plurality of monitoring assemblies is configured to communicate with the central system. 19. The yard of claim 15, wherein the monitoring assembly is mounted at a location providing a head-on oriented view with respect to the plurality of classification tracks in the foul regions and at a height sufficient to prevent a line of sight of the set of cameras from being blocked due to normal operations in the classification yard. 20. The yard of claim 15, wherein the set of cameras includes a near infrared camera. 21. The yard of claim 15, further comprising a set of local alert components, wherein the method further includes activating at least one of the set of local alert components in response to determining the presence of an alert condition. | A solution for monitoring an area including one or more restricted zones is provided. The solution can include one or more monitoring assemblies deployed to acquire image data of the area and independently monitor operations within the area at each monitoring assembly. A monitoring assembly can include one or more local alert components to generate an audible or visual alarm to local personnel. Data regarding static features present in the area can be used to create a registration map of the field of view, which can subsequently enable accurate determination of the three-dimensional location of a target using two-dimensional image data and/or identify an extent of a restricted zone even when one or more of the static features are obscured. Monitoring a target over a series of images can be used to determine whether an alert condition is present.1. A system comprising:
a monitoring assembly including:
a set of cameras, wherein the set of cameras includes at least one near infrared camera;
a set of local alert components; and
a computer system configured to monitor operations in a region by performing a method including:
determining a location of a target at least partially visible in image data acquired by the set of cameras using data corresponding to a plurality of static features present in the region;
evaluating the location with respect to at least one restricted zone in the region;
in response to the evaluating indicating the target is at least partially located within a restricted zone, determining a presence of an alert condition using a series of images including the target; and
activating at least one of the set of local alert components in response to determining the presence of an alert condition. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising at least one additional monitoring assembly, wherein each monitoring assembly is configured to monitor operations in a unique sub-region of an area, and wherein each monitoring assembly further includes a wireless communications component configured to enable the computer system of each monitoring assembly to communicate with at least one computer system of another monitoring assembly. 3. The system of claim 2, further comprising a central system for managing operations in the area, wherein at least one computer system of the plurality of monitoring assemblies is configured to communicate with the central system. 4. The system of claim 1, the monitoring assembly further including a near infrared illuminator, wherein the method further includes operating the near infrared illuminator to provide sufficient light for the region. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the monitoring assembly is mounted at a location providing a head-on oriented view with respect to a path of travel of targets within the at least one restricted zone and at a height sufficient to prevent a line of sight of the set of cameras from being blocked due to normal operations in the region. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the region comprises a group of classification tracks in a railroad classification yard. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the computer system is calibrated after deployment of the monitoring assembly to a location, wherein the calibration includes obtaining data regarding the plurality of static features in the region and identifying the plurality of static features in image data acquired by the set of cameras. 8. A method comprising:
at each of a plurality of monitoring assemblies located within an area:
acquiring image data for a region of the area using a set of cameras of the monitoring assembly;
processing the image data using a computer system of the monitoring assembly to determine a location of each of a set of targets at least partially visible in the image data;
the computer system evaluating the location with respect to at least one restricted zone in the region;
in response to the evaluating indicating the target is at least partially located within a restricted zone, the computer system determining a presence of an alert condition using a series of images including the target; and
the computer system activating at least one of the set of local alert components in response to determining the presence of an alert condition. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising deploying the plurality of monitoring assemblies within the area, wherein the deploying includes mounting the set of cameras at a location providing a head-on oriented view with respect to a path of travel of targets within the at least one restricted zone and at a height sufficient to prevent a line of sight of the set of cameras from being blocked due to normal operations in the region. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising calibrating the computer system of each of the plurality of monitoring assemblies, wherein the calibrating includes obtaining data regarding a plurality of static features in the region and identifying the plurality of static features in image data acquired by the set of cameras, wherein the computer system uses the data regarding the plurality of static features during the evaluating. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the calibrating further includes creating a registration map of the region in the image data using the plurality of static features identified in the image data, wherein the computer system uses the registration map during the evaluating. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the registration map includes a mask for a set of paths of travel for targets in the region. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the region comprises a group of classification tracks in a railroad classification yard. 14. The method of claim 8, the method further comprising in response to determining the presence of the alert condition, the computer system providing information regarding the alert condition for processing by at least one of: the computer system of another monitoring assembly or a central system managing the operations in the area. 15. A classification yard comprising:
a plurality of classification tracks having a first side from which rail vehicles enter for assembly in a consist and a second side from which consists exit the plurality of classification tracks, wherein each classification track includes a foul region defined by a mechanism located between the first and second sides for halting movement of a rail vehicle and a switch for merging the classification track with another classification track on the second side; a monitoring assembly including:
a set of cameras, each camera having a field of view that includes the mechanism and the switch for each of the plurality of classification tracks; and
a computer system configured to monitor the foul region of each of the plurality of classification tracks by performing a method including:
determining a location of a rail vehicle at least partially visible in image data acquired by the set of cameras using data corresponding to a plurality of static features present in the classification yard;
evaluating the location with respect to the foul region for a classification track on which the rail vehicle is located; and
in response to the evaluating indicating the rail vehicle is at least partially located within the foul region, determining a presence of an alert condition using a series of images including the rail vehicle. 16. The yard of claim 15, wherein the classification yard includes multiple groups of classification tracks, each group of classification tracks including a subset of the plurality of classification tracks and having at least one monitoring assembly configured to monitor the foul region of each classification track in the group. 17. The yard of claim 15, wherein the classification yard includes a plurality of monitoring assemblies, each monitoring assembly including a computer system configured for wireless communication with at least one other computer system of another monitoring assembly. 18. The yard of claim 17, further comprising a central system for managing operations of the rail vehicles on the plurality of classification tracks, wherein at least one computer system of the plurality of monitoring assemblies is configured to communicate with the central system. 19. The yard of claim 15, wherein the monitoring assembly is mounted at a location providing a head-on oriented view with respect to the plurality of classification tracks in the foul regions and at a height sufficient to prevent a line of sight of the set of cameras from being blocked due to normal operations in the classification yard. 20. The yard of claim 15, wherein the set of cameras includes a near infrared camera. 21. The yard of claim 15, further comprising a set of local alert components, wherein the method further includes activating at least one of the set of local alert components in response to determining the presence of an alert condition. | 2,400 |
6,816 | 6,816 | 14,169,329 | 2,489 | A vision system for a vehicle includes at least one camera having a field of view exterior the vehicle. An image processor is operable to process image data captured by the camera. When the vehicle is parked, a control controls the camera to capture frames of image data at a first capture rate. The control compares a frame of captured imaged data to at least one previous frame of captured image data. Responsive to the comparison determining a change in the frames of captured image data beyond a threshold degree of change, (i) the control increases the capture rate to a second capture rate, (ii) the at least one camera captures frames of image data at the second capture rate and (iii) the control activates a recording device to record images captured by the camera at the second capture rate. | 1. A vision system for a vehicle, said vehicle vision system comprising:
at least one camera disposed at a vehicle equipped with said vehicle vision system, wherein said at least one camera has a field of view exterior the equipped vehicle and is operable to capture image data; an image processor operable to process image data captured by said at least one camera; a recording device operable to record images captured by said at least one camera; a control controlling operation of said at least one camera; wherein said control, responsive to a determination that the equipped vehicle is in a parked state, controls said at least one camera to capture frames of image data at a first capture rate; wherein, responsive to image processing of captured image data, said control compares a frame of captured image data to at least one previous frame of captured image data; and wherein, responsive to said comparison determining a change in the frames of captured image data beyond a threshold degree of change, (i) said control increases the capture rate to a second capture rate, (ii) said at least one camera captures frames of image data at said second capture rate and (iii) said control activates said recording device to record images captured at said second capture rate. 2. The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein, responsive to determination of said threshold degree of change, said control activates at least one other camera or sensor to capture data and said recording device records information captured by said at least one other camera or sensor. 3. The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein said first capture rate is less than or equal to about five frames per second and wherein said second capture rate is greater than or equal to about 10 frames per second. 4. The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein said control is operable to determine a repeating movement in a region encompassed by the field of view of said at least one camera, and wherein, responsive to said determination of a repeating movement, said control ignores the portion of captured image data that corresponds to that region. 5. The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein said control, responsive to determination of a threshold level of repeating activity at at least a portion of captured image data, increases the threshold degree of change. 6. The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein said control, responsive to a determination of a pedestrian in the field of view of said at least one camera, generates a signal to other vehicles indicative of the determined pedestrian. 7. The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein said control, responsive to a signal received from another vehicle that is indicative of a determination of a pedestrian at or near the other vehicle who is moving towards the path of travel of the equipped vehicle, generates an alert to the driver of the equipped vehicle. 8. The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein said control, responsive to determination of an interruption in a signal communicated to said control from a remote transmitter, at least temporarily disables an access system of the equipped vehicle. 9. The vehicle vision system of claim 8, wherein, responsive to determination of the interruption of the signal communicated to said control, a person situated remote from the equipped vehicle is alerted. 10. The vehicle vision system of claim 9, wherein said person is alerted via a hand held device. 11. The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein said at least one camera comprises a plurality of cameras having respective exterior fields of view, said cameras comprising at least a part of a surround view system of the equipped vehicle. 12. The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein said at least one camera comprises a forward viewing camera of the equipped vehicle, and wherein said image processor processes captured image data when the vehicle is operating for at least one of (i) a headlamp control system of the equipped vehicle, (ii) a lane change assistance system of the equipped vehicle and (iii) a lane departure warning system of the equipped vehicle. 13. The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein said at least one camera comprises a rearward viewing camera of the equipped vehicle, and wherein said image processor processes captured image data when the vehicle is operating for at least one of (i) a rear backup assist system of the equipped vehicle and (ii) a surround view system of the equipped vehicle. 14. A vision system for a vehicle, said vehicle vision system comprising:
a plurality of cameras disposed at a vehicle equipped with said vehicle vision system, wherein said cameras having respective fields of view exterior the equipped vehicle and is operable to capture image data; an image processor operable to process image data captured by said cameras; a recording device operable to record images captured by said cameras; a control controlling operation of said cameras; wherein said control, responsive to a determination that the equipped vehicle is in a parked state, controls said cameras to capture respective frames of image data at a first capture rate; wherein, responsive to image processing of image data captured by said cameras, said control compares a frame of image data captured by an individual camera to at least one previous frame of image data captured by that individual camera; and wherein, responsive to said comparison determining a change in the frames of image data captured by an individual camera beyond a threshold degree of change, (i) said control increases the capture rate to a second capture rate for at least that individual camera, (ii) at least that individual camera captures frames of image data at said second capture rate and (iii) said control activates said recording device to record images captured at said second capture rate by at least that individual camera. 15. The vehicle vision system of claim 14, wherein, responsive to determination of said threshold degree of change in frames of image data captured by an individual camera, (i) said control increases the capture rate of the others of said cameras to said second capture rate, (ii) the others of said cameras capture frames of image data at said second capture rate and (iii) said recording device records images captured at said second capture rate by the others of said cameras. 16. The vehicle vision system of claim 14, wherein said control, responsive to determination of a threshold level of repeating activity at at least a portion of image data captured by at least one of said cameras, increases the threshold degree of change. 17. The vehicle vision system of claim 14, wherein said control, responsive to a determination of a pedestrian in the field of view of at least one of said cameras, generates a signal to other vehicles indicative of the determined pedestrian. 18. The vehicle vision system of claim 14, wherein said plurality of cameras and said image processor comprise at least a part of a surround view system of the equipped vehicle. 19. A vision system for a vehicle, said vehicle vision system comprising:
a plurality of cameras disposed at a vehicle equipped with said vehicle vision system, wherein said cameras having respective fields of view exterior the equipped vehicle and is operable to capture image data; an image processor operable to process image data captured by said cameras; wherein said plurality of cameras and said image processor comprise at least a part of a surround view system of the equipped vehicle; a recording device operable to record images captured by said cameras; a control controlling operation of said cameras; wherein said control, responsive to a determination that the equipped vehicle is in a parked state, controls said cameras to capture respective frames of image data at a first capture rate; wherein, responsive to image processing of image data captured by said cameras, said control compares a frame of image data captured by an individual camera to at least one previous frame of image data captured by that individual camera; and wherein, responsive to said comparison determining a change in the frames of image data captured by an individual camera beyond a threshold degree of change, (i) said control increases the capture rate to a second capture rate for at least that individual camera, (ii) at least that individual camera captures frames of image data at said second capture rate and (iii) said control activates said recording device to record images captured at said second capture rate by at least that individual camera; wherein said control, responsive to determination of a threshold level of repeating activity at at least a portion of captured image data of at least one of said cameras, increases the threshold degree of change. 20. The vehicle vision system of claim 19, wherein, responsive to determination of said threshold degree of change in frames of image data captured by an individual camera, (i) said control increases the capture rate of the others of said cameras to said second capture rate, (ii) the others of said cameras capture frames of image data at said second capture rate and (iii) said recording device records images captured at said second capture rate by the others of said cameras. | A vision system for a vehicle includes at least one camera having a field of view exterior the vehicle. An image processor is operable to process image data captured by the camera. When the vehicle is parked, a control controls the camera to capture frames of image data at a first capture rate. The control compares a frame of captured imaged data to at least one previous frame of captured image data. Responsive to the comparison determining a change in the frames of captured image data beyond a threshold degree of change, (i) the control increases the capture rate to a second capture rate, (ii) the at least one camera captures frames of image data at the second capture rate and (iii) the control activates a recording device to record images captured by the camera at the second capture rate.1. A vision system for a vehicle, said vehicle vision system comprising:
at least one camera disposed at a vehicle equipped with said vehicle vision system, wherein said at least one camera has a field of view exterior the equipped vehicle and is operable to capture image data; an image processor operable to process image data captured by said at least one camera; a recording device operable to record images captured by said at least one camera; a control controlling operation of said at least one camera; wherein said control, responsive to a determination that the equipped vehicle is in a parked state, controls said at least one camera to capture frames of image data at a first capture rate; wherein, responsive to image processing of captured image data, said control compares a frame of captured image data to at least one previous frame of captured image data; and wherein, responsive to said comparison determining a change in the frames of captured image data beyond a threshold degree of change, (i) said control increases the capture rate to a second capture rate, (ii) said at least one camera captures frames of image data at said second capture rate and (iii) said control activates said recording device to record images captured at said second capture rate. 2. The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein, responsive to determination of said threshold degree of change, said control activates at least one other camera or sensor to capture data and said recording device records information captured by said at least one other camera or sensor. 3. The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein said first capture rate is less than or equal to about five frames per second and wherein said second capture rate is greater than or equal to about 10 frames per second. 4. The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein said control is operable to determine a repeating movement in a region encompassed by the field of view of said at least one camera, and wherein, responsive to said determination of a repeating movement, said control ignores the portion of captured image data that corresponds to that region. 5. The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein said control, responsive to determination of a threshold level of repeating activity at at least a portion of captured image data, increases the threshold degree of change. 6. The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein said control, responsive to a determination of a pedestrian in the field of view of said at least one camera, generates a signal to other vehicles indicative of the determined pedestrian. 7. The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein said control, responsive to a signal received from another vehicle that is indicative of a determination of a pedestrian at or near the other vehicle who is moving towards the path of travel of the equipped vehicle, generates an alert to the driver of the equipped vehicle. 8. The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein said control, responsive to determination of an interruption in a signal communicated to said control from a remote transmitter, at least temporarily disables an access system of the equipped vehicle. 9. The vehicle vision system of claim 8, wherein, responsive to determination of the interruption of the signal communicated to said control, a person situated remote from the equipped vehicle is alerted. 10. The vehicle vision system of claim 9, wherein said person is alerted via a hand held device. 11. The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein said at least one camera comprises a plurality of cameras having respective exterior fields of view, said cameras comprising at least a part of a surround view system of the equipped vehicle. 12. The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein said at least one camera comprises a forward viewing camera of the equipped vehicle, and wherein said image processor processes captured image data when the vehicle is operating for at least one of (i) a headlamp control system of the equipped vehicle, (ii) a lane change assistance system of the equipped vehicle and (iii) a lane departure warning system of the equipped vehicle. 13. The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein said at least one camera comprises a rearward viewing camera of the equipped vehicle, and wherein said image processor processes captured image data when the vehicle is operating for at least one of (i) a rear backup assist system of the equipped vehicle and (ii) a surround view system of the equipped vehicle. 14. A vision system for a vehicle, said vehicle vision system comprising:
a plurality of cameras disposed at a vehicle equipped with said vehicle vision system, wherein said cameras having respective fields of view exterior the equipped vehicle and is operable to capture image data; an image processor operable to process image data captured by said cameras; a recording device operable to record images captured by said cameras; a control controlling operation of said cameras; wherein said control, responsive to a determination that the equipped vehicle is in a parked state, controls said cameras to capture respective frames of image data at a first capture rate; wherein, responsive to image processing of image data captured by said cameras, said control compares a frame of image data captured by an individual camera to at least one previous frame of image data captured by that individual camera; and wherein, responsive to said comparison determining a change in the frames of image data captured by an individual camera beyond a threshold degree of change, (i) said control increases the capture rate to a second capture rate for at least that individual camera, (ii) at least that individual camera captures frames of image data at said second capture rate and (iii) said control activates said recording device to record images captured at said second capture rate by at least that individual camera. 15. The vehicle vision system of claim 14, wherein, responsive to determination of said threshold degree of change in frames of image data captured by an individual camera, (i) said control increases the capture rate of the others of said cameras to said second capture rate, (ii) the others of said cameras capture frames of image data at said second capture rate and (iii) said recording device records images captured at said second capture rate by the others of said cameras. 16. The vehicle vision system of claim 14, wherein said control, responsive to determination of a threshold level of repeating activity at at least a portion of image data captured by at least one of said cameras, increases the threshold degree of change. 17. The vehicle vision system of claim 14, wherein said control, responsive to a determination of a pedestrian in the field of view of at least one of said cameras, generates a signal to other vehicles indicative of the determined pedestrian. 18. The vehicle vision system of claim 14, wherein said plurality of cameras and said image processor comprise at least a part of a surround view system of the equipped vehicle. 19. A vision system for a vehicle, said vehicle vision system comprising:
a plurality of cameras disposed at a vehicle equipped with said vehicle vision system, wherein said cameras having respective fields of view exterior the equipped vehicle and is operable to capture image data; an image processor operable to process image data captured by said cameras; wherein said plurality of cameras and said image processor comprise at least a part of a surround view system of the equipped vehicle; a recording device operable to record images captured by said cameras; a control controlling operation of said cameras; wherein said control, responsive to a determination that the equipped vehicle is in a parked state, controls said cameras to capture respective frames of image data at a first capture rate; wherein, responsive to image processing of image data captured by said cameras, said control compares a frame of image data captured by an individual camera to at least one previous frame of image data captured by that individual camera; and wherein, responsive to said comparison determining a change in the frames of image data captured by an individual camera beyond a threshold degree of change, (i) said control increases the capture rate to a second capture rate for at least that individual camera, (ii) at least that individual camera captures frames of image data at said second capture rate and (iii) said control activates said recording device to record images captured at said second capture rate by at least that individual camera; wherein said control, responsive to determination of a threshold level of repeating activity at at least a portion of captured image data of at least one of said cameras, increases the threshold degree of change. 20. The vehicle vision system of claim 19, wherein, responsive to determination of said threshold degree of change in frames of image data captured by an individual camera, (i) said control increases the capture rate of the others of said cameras to said second capture rate, (ii) the others of said cameras capture frames of image data at said second capture rate and (iii) said recording device records images captured at said second capture rate by the others of said cameras. | 2,400 |
6,817 | 6,817 | 14,223,225 | 2,416 | Provided is an uplink feedback channel allocation method and apparatus used to feedback data to indicate whether data packets corresponding an enhanced physical downlink control channel (E-PDCCH) were successfully decoded. A terminal may use an additional resource area of an uplink feedback channel or may use an empty resource area of the uplink feedback channel to which feedback information of a data packet corresponding to a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) is not allocated, to perform feedback. | 1. A communication method of a terminal, the method comprising:
receiving control information including an offset and resource information of data; receiving the data based on the resource information; determining a resource of feedback information for the data based on the offset; and transmitting the feedback information using the resource. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining of the resource of the feedback information comprises:
determining the resource based on the following equation:
n PUCCH (1) =n CCE +N PUCCH (1) +N offset
wherein n(1) PUCCH denotes the resource, nCCE denotes a first value related to the control information, N(1) PUCCH denotes a second value related to a higher layer, and Noffset denotes the offset. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first value is an index of a first Control Channel Element (CCE) used for transmission of the control information. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining of the resource of the feedback information comprises:
determining the resource based on the following equation:
n PUCCH,0 (1) =n CCE +N PUCCH (1) +l+N offset
wherein n(1) PUCCH,0 denotes the resource, nCCE denotes a first value related to the control information, N(1) PUCCH denotes a second value related to a higher layer, l denotes a fixed constant, and Noffset denotes the offset. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the first value is an index of a first Control Channel Element (CCE) used for transmission of the control information. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the offset is included in an offset field of the control information. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the control information is received in an Enhanced-Physical Downlink Control CHannel (E-PDCCH). 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the feedback information is ACKnowledgment (ACK)/Negative ACKnowledgment (NACK) information. 9. A communication method of a base station, the method comprising:
transmitting control information including an offset and resource information of data; transmitting the data; and receiving feedback information for the data, wherein a resource for the feedback information is determined based on the offset. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the resource is determined based on the following equation:
n PUCCH (1) =n CCE +N PUCCH (1) +N offset wherein n(1) PUCCH denotes the resource, nCCE denotes a first value related to the control information, N(1) PUCCH denotes a second value related to a higher layer, and Noffset denotes the offset. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the first value is an index of a first Control Channel Element (CCE) used for transmission of the control information. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the resource is determined based on the following equation:
n PUCCH,0 (1) =n CCE +N PUCCH (1) +l+N offset wherein n(1) PUCCH,0 denotes the resource, nCCE denotes a first value related to the control information, N(1) PUCCH denotes a second value related to a higher layer, l denotes a fixed constant, and Noffset denotes the offset. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the first value is an index of a first Control Channel Element (CCE) used for transmission of the control information. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein the offset is included in an offset field of the control information. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein the control information is transmitted in an Enhanced-Physical Downlink Control CHannel (E-PDCCH). 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the feedback information is ACKnowledgment (ACK)/Negative ACKnowledgment (NACK) information. 17. A terminal comprising:
a receiver configured to receive control information including an offset and resource information of data, and to receive the data based on the resource information; a controller configured to determine a resource of feedback information for the data based on the offset; and a transmitter configured to transmit the feedback information using the resource. 18. The terminal of claim 17, wherein the controller determines the resource based on the following equation:
n PUCCH (1) =n CCE +N PUCCH (1) +N offset wherein n(1) PUCCH denotes the resource, nCCE denotes a first value related to the control information, N(1) PUCCH denotes a second value related to a higher layer, and Noffset denotes the offset. 19. The terminal of claim 18, wherein the first value is an index of a first Control Channel Element (CCE) used for transmission of the control information. 20. The terminal of claim 17, wherein the controller determines the resource based on the following equation:
n PUCCH,0 (1) =n CCE +N PUCCH (1) +l+N offset wherein n(1) PUCCH,0 denotes the resource, nCCE denotes a first value related to the control information, N(1) PUCCH denotes a second value related to a higher layer, l denotes a fixed constant, and Noffset denotes the offset. 21. The terminal of claim 20, wherein the first value is an index of a first Control Channel Element (CCE) used for transmission of the control information. 22. The terminal of claim 17, wherein the offset is included in an offset field of the control information. 23. The terminal of claim 17, wherein the control information is received in an Enhanced-Physical Downlink Control CHannel (E-PDCCH). 24. The terminal of claim 17, wherein the feedback information is ACKnowledgment (ACK)/Negative ACKnowledgment (NACK) information. 25. A base station comprising:
a transmitter configured to transmit control information including an offset and resource information of data, and to transmit the data; and a receiver configured to receive feedback information for the data; wherein a resource for the feedback information is determined based on the offset. 26. The base station of claim 25, wherein the resource is determined based on the following equation:
n PUCCH (1) =n CCE +N PUCCH (1) +N offset wherein n(1) PUCCH denotes the resource, nCCE denotes a first value related to the control information, N(1) PUCCH denotes a second value related to a higher layer, and Noffset denotes the offset. 27. The base station of claim 26, wherein the first value is an index of a first Control Channel Element (CCE) used for transmission of the control information. 28. The base station of claim 25, wherein the resource is determined based on the following equation:
n PUCCH,0 (1) =n CCE +N PUCCH (1) +l+N offset wherein n(1) PUCCH,0 denotes the resource, nCCE denotes a first value related to the control information, N(1) PUCCH denotes a second value related to a higher layer, l denotes a fixed constant, and Noffset denotes the offset. 29. The base station of claim 28, wherein the first value is an index of a first Control Channel Element (CCE) used for transmission of the control information. 30. The base station of claim 25, wherein the offset is included in an offset field of the control information. 31. The base station of claim 25, wherein the control information is transmitted in an Enhanced-Physical Downlink Control CHannel (E-PDCCH). 32. The base station of claim 25, wherein the feedback information is ACKnowledgment (ACK)/Negative ACKnowledgment (NACK) information. | Provided is an uplink feedback channel allocation method and apparatus used to feedback data to indicate whether data packets corresponding an enhanced physical downlink control channel (E-PDCCH) were successfully decoded. A terminal may use an additional resource area of an uplink feedback channel or may use an empty resource area of the uplink feedback channel to which feedback information of a data packet corresponding to a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) is not allocated, to perform feedback.1. A communication method of a terminal, the method comprising:
receiving control information including an offset and resource information of data; receiving the data based on the resource information; determining a resource of feedback information for the data based on the offset; and transmitting the feedback information using the resource. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining of the resource of the feedback information comprises:
determining the resource based on the following equation:
n PUCCH (1) =n CCE +N PUCCH (1) +N offset
wherein n(1) PUCCH denotes the resource, nCCE denotes a first value related to the control information, N(1) PUCCH denotes a second value related to a higher layer, and Noffset denotes the offset. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first value is an index of a first Control Channel Element (CCE) used for transmission of the control information. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining of the resource of the feedback information comprises:
determining the resource based on the following equation:
n PUCCH,0 (1) =n CCE +N PUCCH (1) +l+N offset
wherein n(1) PUCCH,0 denotes the resource, nCCE denotes a first value related to the control information, N(1) PUCCH denotes a second value related to a higher layer, l denotes a fixed constant, and Noffset denotes the offset. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the first value is an index of a first Control Channel Element (CCE) used for transmission of the control information. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the offset is included in an offset field of the control information. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the control information is received in an Enhanced-Physical Downlink Control CHannel (E-PDCCH). 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the feedback information is ACKnowledgment (ACK)/Negative ACKnowledgment (NACK) information. 9. A communication method of a base station, the method comprising:
transmitting control information including an offset and resource information of data; transmitting the data; and receiving feedback information for the data, wherein a resource for the feedback information is determined based on the offset. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the resource is determined based on the following equation:
n PUCCH (1) =n CCE +N PUCCH (1) +N offset wherein n(1) PUCCH denotes the resource, nCCE denotes a first value related to the control information, N(1) PUCCH denotes a second value related to a higher layer, and Noffset denotes the offset. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the first value is an index of a first Control Channel Element (CCE) used for transmission of the control information. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the resource is determined based on the following equation:
n PUCCH,0 (1) =n CCE +N PUCCH (1) +l+N offset wherein n(1) PUCCH,0 denotes the resource, nCCE denotes a first value related to the control information, N(1) PUCCH denotes a second value related to a higher layer, l denotes a fixed constant, and Noffset denotes the offset. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the first value is an index of a first Control Channel Element (CCE) used for transmission of the control information. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein the offset is included in an offset field of the control information. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein the control information is transmitted in an Enhanced-Physical Downlink Control CHannel (E-PDCCH). 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the feedback information is ACKnowledgment (ACK)/Negative ACKnowledgment (NACK) information. 17. A terminal comprising:
a receiver configured to receive control information including an offset and resource information of data, and to receive the data based on the resource information; a controller configured to determine a resource of feedback information for the data based on the offset; and a transmitter configured to transmit the feedback information using the resource. 18. The terminal of claim 17, wherein the controller determines the resource based on the following equation:
n PUCCH (1) =n CCE +N PUCCH (1) +N offset wherein n(1) PUCCH denotes the resource, nCCE denotes a first value related to the control information, N(1) PUCCH denotes a second value related to a higher layer, and Noffset denotes the offset. 19. The terminal of claim 18, wherein the first value is an index of a first Control Channel Element (CCE) used for transmission of the control information. 20. The terminal of claim 17, wherein the controller determines the resource based on the following equation:
n PUCCH,0 (1) =n CCE +N PUCCH (1) +l+N offset wherein n(1) PUCCH,0 denotes the resource, nCCE denotes a first value related to the control information, N(1) PUCCH denotes a second value related to a higher layer, l denotes a fixed constant, and Noffset denotes the offset. 21. The terminal of claim 20, wherein the first value is an index of a first Control Channel Element (CCE) used for transmission of the control information. 22. The terminal of claim 17, wherein the offset is included in an offset field of the control information. 23. The terminal of claim 17, wherein the control information is received in an Enhanced-Physical Downlink Control CHannel (E-PDCCH). 24. The terminal of claim 17, wherein the feedback information is ACKnowledgment (ACK)/Negative ACKnowledgment (NACK) information. 25. A base station comprising:
a transmitter configured to transmit control information including an offset and resource information of data, and to transmit the data; and a receiver configured to receive feedback information for the data; wherein a resource for the feedback information is determined based on the offset. 26. The base station of claim 25, wherein the resource is determined based on the following equation:
n PUCCH (1) =n CCE +N PUCCH (1) +N offset wherein n(1) PUCCH denotes the resource, nCCE denotes a first value related to the control information, N(1) PUCCH denotes a second value related to a higher layer, and Noffset denotes the offset. 27. The base station of claim 26, wherein the first value is an index of a first Control Channel Element (CCE) used for transmission of the control information. 28. The base station of claim 25, wherein the resource is determined based on the following equation:
n PUCCH,0 (1) =n CCE +N PUCCH (1) +l+N offset wherein n(1) PUCCH,0 denotes the resource, nCCE denotes a first value related to the control information, N(1) PUCCH denotes a second value related to a higher layer, l denotes a fixed constant, and Noffset denotes the offset. 29. The base station of claim 28, wherein the first value is an index of a first Control Channel Element (CCE) used for transmission of the control information. 30. The base station of claim 25, wherein the offset is included in an offset field of the control information. 31. The base station of claim 25, wherein the control information is transmitted in an Enhanced-Physical Downlink Control CHannel (E-PDCCH). 32. The base station of claim 25, wherein the feedback information is ACKnowledgment (ACK)/Negative ACKnowledgment (NACK) information. | 2,400 |
6,818 | 6,818 | 14,181,995 | 2,473 | The proposed layer solution defines two or more layers of relay nodes to convey traffic data from a source node to a destination node. All of the nodes in a given layer were selected for that layer because they each satisfied a signal quality requirement specified for that layer, where all relay nodes defined in one layer simultaneously start transmitting in response to a received transmission. Due to the layered approach, the destination node may be configured to decode only the traffic data relayed by the relay nodes in the immediately preceding (final) layer while treating any remaining received signals as noise. As a result, only those access nodes most likely to significantly contribute to and improve the signal quality of traffic data received at the destination node are selected as relay nodes for a particular source-destination node pair. | 1. A method of selecting a plurality of wireless relay nodes to convey traffic data from a source node to a destination node, the method comprising:
executing a forward pass from the source node to the destination node to define two or more layers of relay nodes to convey the traffic data from the source node to the destination node, the forward pass comprising: defining a first layer of first relay nodes to include one or more of the plurality of wireless relay nodes that receive a test signal from the source node having a signal quality exceeding a first forward threshold; and defining a second layer of second relay nodes to include one or more of the plurality of wireless relay nodes not part of any other layer that receive a test signal from at least one of the first relay nodes having a signal quality exceeding a second forward threshold; and transmitting the traffic data to each of the first relay nodes via one or more antennas. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein if neither the first layer nor the second layer include the destination node, further defining a third layer of third relay nodes to include one or more of the plurality of wireless relay nodes that receive a test signal from at least one of the second relay nodes having a signal quality exceeding a third forward threshold. 3. The method of claim 1 further comprising transmitting traffic data from the source node to each of the first relay nodes to enable the first relay nodes to relay the received traffic data to each of the second relay nodes, and to enable the second relay nodes to relay traffic data received by each of the second relay nodes to the destination node. 4. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
redefining each of the first and second layers based on a reverse pass performed from the destination node to the source node;
wherein redefining the second layer comprises redefining the second layer to include one or more of the second relay nodes defined in the forward pass that receives a test signal from the destination node having a signal quality exceeding a first reverse threshold; and
wherein redefining the first layer comprises redefining the first layer to include one or more of the first relay nodes defined in the forward pass that receives a test signal from at least one of the second relay nodes having a signal quality exceeding a second reverse threshold. 5. The method of claim 4:
wherein defining the first layer of first relay nodes comprises receiving, at the source node, a relay node identity from each of the first relay nodes having the signal quality exceeding the first reverse threshold; and wherein defining the second layer of second relay nodes comprises receiving, at the source node, a relay node identity from each of the second relay nodes having the signal quality exceeding the second reverse threshold. 6. The method of claim 5 further comprising refining at least one of the first and second layers to adjust at least one of a number of the first relay nodes and a number of the second relay nodes to at least one of a first desired number of first relay nodes and a second desired number of second relay nodes by adjusting, at the source node, at least one of the first forward threshold, the second forward threshold, the first reverse threshold, and the second reverse threshold. 7. The method of claim 1 further comprising refining at least one of the first and second layers to adjust at least one of a number of the first relay nodes and a number of the second relay nodes by adjusting, at the source node, at least one of the first and second forward thresholds. 8. The method of claim 1:
wherein defining the first layer of first relay nodes comprises receiving, at the source node, a relay node identity from each of the first relay nodes having the signal quality exceeding the first forward threshold; and wherein defining the second layer of second relay nodes comprises receiving, at the source node, a relay node identity from each of the second relay nodes having the signal quality exceeding the second forward threshold. 9. The method of claim 1 further comprising computing at least one of a transmission rate and a quantization rate based on the defined first layer of first relay nodes and the defined second layer of second relay nodes. 10. The method of claim 1 further comprising determining, at the source node, the first and second forward thresholds. 11. A source node configured to convey traffic data to a destination node via a plurality of wireless relay nodes, the source node comprising:
a layer circuit configured to initiate a forward pass from the source node to a destination node to define two or more layers of relay nodes to convey the traffic data from the source node to the destination node, the layer circuit configured to execute the forward pass by: defining a first layer of first relay nodes to include one or more of the plurality of wireless relay nodes that receive a test signal from the source node having a signal quality exceeding a first forward threshold; and defining a second layer of second relay nodes to include one or more of the plurality of wireless relay nodes not part of any other layer that receive a test signal from at least one of the first relay nodes having a signal quality exceeding a second forward threshold; a transmitter configured to transmit the traffic data to each of the first relay nodes via one or more antennas. 12. The source node of claim 11 wherein if neither the first nor second layers include the destination node, the layer circuit is further configured to define a third layer of third relay nodes to include one or more of the plurality of wireless relay nodes that receive a test signal from at least one of the second relay nodes having a signal quality exceeding a third forward threshold. 13. The source node of claim 11:
wherein the layer circuit defines the first layer of first relay nodes by receiving a relay node identity from each of the first relay nodes having the signal quality exceeding the first forward threshold; and wherein the layer circuit defines the second layer of second relay nodes by receiving a relay node identity from each of the second relay nodes having the signal quality exceeding the second forward threshold. 14. The source node of claim 11 wherein the layer circuit is further configured to refine each of the first and second layers via a reverse pass performed from the destination node to the source node by:
redefining the second layer to include one or more of the second relay nodes defined in the forward pass that receives a test signal from the destination node having a signal quality exceeding a first reverse threshold; and
redefining the first layer to include one or more of the first relay nodes defined in the forward pass that receives a test signal from at least one of the second relay nodes having a signal quality exceeding a second reverse threshold. 15. The source node of claim 14:
wherein the layer circuit defines the first layer of first relay nodes by receiving a relay node identity from each of the first relay nodes having the signal quality exceeding the first reverse threshold; and wherein the layer circuit defines the second layer of second relay nodes by receiving a relay node identity from each of the second relay nodes having the signal quality exceeding the second reverse threshold. 16. The source node of claim 15 wherein the layer circuit is further configured to refine at least one of the first and second layers to adjust at least one of a number of the first relay nodes and a number of the second relay nodes by adjusting at least one of the first forward threshold, the second forward threshold, the first reverse threshold, and the second reverse threshold. 17. The source node of claim 11 further comprising a threshold circuit configured to adjust at least one of the first forward threshold and the second forward threshold to adjust at least one of a number of the first relay nodes and a number of the second relay nodes. 18. The source node of claim 11 further comprising a rate circuit configured to compute at least one of a transmission rate and a quantization rate based on the first relay nodes and the second relay nodes. 19. The source node of claim 11 further comprising a threshold circuit configured to determine the first and second forward thresholds. 20. A method of relaying traffic data in wireless relay node comprised in one of a plurality of layers of relay nodes, the method comprising defining the wireless relay node as part of one of the plurality of layers by:
defining the wireless relay node as part of a first layer if the wireless relay node receives a test signal from a source node having a signal quality exceeding a first threshold; and defining the wireless relay node as part of a subsequent layer if the wireless relay node receives a test signal from at least one relay node in a previous adjacent layer having a signal quality exceeding a second threshold. 21. The method of claim 20 further comprising:
when the wireless relay node is defined as part of the first layer, relaying traffic data received from the source node to each relay node in a subsequent adjacent layer;
when the wireless relay node is defined as part of a final layer before a destination node, relaying traffic data received from at least one relay node in a penultimate layer, adjacent to the final layer, to the destination node; and
when the wireless relay node is defined as part of any subsequent layer except the first layer and the final layer, relaying traffic data received from at least one relay node in a previous adjacent layer to each relay node in a subsequent adjacent layer. 22. The method of claim 21 further comprising:
decoding received traffic data having a measured signal quality exceeding a test signal quality before relaying the traffic data to each relay node in the subsequent adjacent layer or to the destination node; and
compressing the traffic data when the measured signal quality does not exceed the test signal quality before relaying the traffic data to each relay node in the subsequent adjacent layer or to the destination node. 23. A wireless relay node comprised in one of a plurality of layers of relay nodes, the wireless relay node comprising:
a layer circuit configured to define the wireless relay node as part of one of the plurality of layers by: defining the wireless relay node as part of a first layer if the wireless relay node receives a test signal from a source node having a signal quality exceeding a first threshold; and defining the wireless relay node as part of a subsequent layer if the wireless relay node receives a test signal from at least one relay node in a previous adjacent layer having a signal quality exceeding a second threshold. 24. The wireless relay node of claim 23 further comprising a transceiver coupled to one or more antennas, the transceiver configured to:
when the wireless relay node is defined as part of the first layer, relay traffic data received from the source node to each relay node in a subsequent adjacent layer via the one or more antennas;
when the wireless relay node is defined as part of a final layer before a destination node, relay traffic data received from at least one relay node in a penultimate layer, adjacent to the final layer, to the destination node via the one or more antennas; and
when the wireless relay node is defined as part of any subsequent layer except the first layer and the final layer, relay traffic data received from at least one relay node in a previous adjacent layer to each relay node in a subsequent adjacent layer via the one or more antennas. 25. The wireless relay node of claim 24 further comprising:
a decoding circuit configured to decode received traffic data having a measured signal quality exceeding a test signal quality before relaying the traffic data to each relay node in the subsequent adjacent layer or to the destination node; and
a compression circuit configured to compress the traffic data when the measured signal quality does not exceed the test signal quality before relaying the traffic data to each relay node in the subsequent adjacent layer or to the destination node. | The proposed layer solution defines two or more layers of relay nodes to convey traffic data from a source node to a destination node. All of the nodes in a given layer were selected for that layer because they each satisfied a signal quality requirement specified for that layer, where all relay nodes defined in one layer simultaneously start transmitting in response to a received transmission. Due to the layered approach, the destination node may be configured to decode only the traffic data relayed by the relay nodes in the immediately preceding (final) layer while treating any remaining received signals as noise. As a result, only those access nodes most likely to significantly contribute to and improve the signal quality of traffic data received at the destination node are selected as relay nodes for a particular source-destination node pair.1. A method of selecting a plurality of wireless relay nodes to convey traffic data from a source node to a destination node, the method comprising:
executing a forward pass from the source node to the destination node to define two or more layers of relay nodes to convey the traffic data from the source node to the destination node, the forward pass comprising: defining a first layer of first relay nodes to include one or more of the plurality of wireless relay nodes that receive a test signal from the source node having a signal quality exceeding a first forward threshold; and defining a second layer of second relay nodes to include one or more of the plurality of wireless relay nodes not part of any other layer that receive a test signal from at least one of the first relay nodes having a signal quality exceeding a second forward threshold; and transmitting the traffic data to each of the first relay nodes via one or more antennas. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein if neither the first layer nor the second layer include the destination node, further defining a third layer of third relay nodes to include one or more of the plurality of wireless relay nodes that receive a test signal from at least one of the second relay nodes having a signal quality exceeding a third forward threshold. 3. The method of claim 1 further comprising transmitting traffic data from the source node to each of the first relay nodes to enable the first relay nodes to relay the received traffic data to each of the second relay nodes, and to enable the second relay nodes to relay traffic data received by each of the second relay nodes to the destination node. 4. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
redefining each of the first and second layers based on a reverse pass performed from the destination node to the source node;
wherein redefining the second layer comprises redefining the second layer to include one or more of the second relay nodes defined in the forward pass that receives a test signal from the destination node having a signal quality exceeding a first reverse threshold; and
wherein redefining the first layer comprises redefining the first layer to include one or more of the first relay nodes defined in the forward pass that receives a test signal from at least one of the second relay nodes having a signal quality exceeding a second reverse threshold. 5. The method of claim 4:
wherein defining the first layer of first relay nodes comprises receiving, at the source node, a relay node identity from each of the first relay nodes having the signal quality exceeding the first reverse threshold; and wherein defining the second layer of second relay nodes comprises receiving, at the source node, a relay node identity from each of the second relay nodes having the signal quality exceeding the second reverse threshold. 6. The method of claim 5 further comprising refining at least one of the first and second layers to adjust at least one of a number of the first relay nodes and a number of the second relay nodes to at least one of a first desired number of first relay nodes and a second desired number of second relay nodes by adjusting, at the source node, at least one of the first forward threshold, the second forward threshold, the first reverse threshold, and the second reverse threshold. 7. The method of claim 1 further comprising refining at least one of the first and second layers to adjust at least one of a number of the first relay nodes and a number of the second relay nodes by adjusting, at the source node, at least one of the first and second forward thresholds. 8. The method of claim 1:
wherein defining the first layer of first relay nodes comprises receiving, at the source node, a relay node identity from each of the first relay nodes having the signal quality exceeding the first forward threshold; and wherein defining the second layer of second relay nodes comprises receiving, at the source node, a relay node identity from each of the second relay nodes having the signal quality exceeding the second forward threshold. 9. The method of claim 1 further comprising computing at least one of a transmission rate and a quantization rate based on the defined first layer of first relay nodes and the defined second layer of second relay nodes. 10. The method of claim 1 further comprising determining, at the source node, the first and second forward thresholds. 11. A source node configured to convey traffic data to a destination node via a plurality of wireless relay nodes, the source node comprising:
a layer circuit configured to initiate a forward pass from the source node to a destination node to define two or more layers of relay nodes to convey the traffic data from the source node to the destination node, the layer circuit configured to execute the forward pass by: defining a first layer of first relay nodes to include one or more of the plurality of wireless relay nodes that receive a test signal from the source node having a signal quality exceeding a first forward threshold; and defining a second layer of second relay nodes to include one or more of the plurality of wireless relay nodes not part of any other layer that receive a test signal from at least one of the first relay nodes having a signal quality exceeding a second forward threshold; a transmitter configured to transmit the traffic data to each of the first relay nodes via one or more antennas. 12. The source node of claim 11 wherein if neither the first nor second layers include the destination node, the layer circuit is further configured to define a third layer of third relay nodes to include one or more of the plurality of wireless relay nodes that receive a test signal from at least one of the second relay nodes having a signal quality exceeding a third forward threshold. 13. The source node of claim 11:
wherein the layer circuit defines the first layer of first relay nodes by receiving a relay node identity from each of the first relay nodes having the signal quality exceeding the first forward threshold; and wherein the layer circuit defines the second layer of second relay nodes by receiving a relay node identity from each of the second relay nodes having the signal quality exceeding the second forward threshold. 14. The source node of claim 11 wherein the layer circuit is further configured to refine each of the first and second layers via a reverse pass performed from the destination node to the source node by:
redefining the second layer to include one or more of the second relay nodes defined in the forward pass that receives a test signal from the destination node having a signal quality exceeding a first reverse threshold; and
redefining the first layer to include one or more of the first relay nodes defined in the forward pass that receives a test signal from at least one of the second relay nodes having a signal quality exceeding a second reverse threshold. 15. The source node of claim 14:
wherein the layer circuit defines the first layer of first relay nodes by receiving a relay node identity from each of the first relay nodes having the signal quality exceeding the first reverse threshold; and wherein the layer circuit defines the second layer of second relay nodes by receiving a relay node identity from each of the second relay nodes having the signal quality exceeding the second reverse threshold. 16. The source node of claim 15 wherein the layer circuit is further configured to refine at least one of the first and second layers to adjust at least one of a number of the first relay nodes and a number of the second relay nodes by adjusting at least one of the first forward threshold, the second forward threshold, the first reverse threshold, and the second reverse threshold. 17. The source node of claim 11 further comprising a threshold circuit configured to adjust at least one of the first forward threshold and the second forward threshold to adjust at least one of a number of the first relay nodes and a number of the second relay nodes. 18. The source node of claim 11 further comprising a rate circuit configured to compute at least one of a transmission rate and a quantization rate based on the first relay nodes and the second relay nodes. 19. The source node of claim 11 further comprising a threshold circuit configured to determine the first and second forward thresholds. 20. A method of relaying traffic data in wireless relay node comprised in one of a plurality of layers of relay nodes, the method comprising defining the wireless relay node as part of one of the plurality of layers by:
defining the wireless relay node as part of a first layer if the wireless relay node receives a test signal from a source node having a signal quality exceeding a first threshold; and defining the wireless relay node as part of a subsequent layer if the wireless relay node receives a test signal from at least one relay node in a previous adjacent layer having a signal quality exceeding a second threshold. 21. The method of claim 20 further comprising:
when the wireless relay node is defined as part of the first layer, relaying traffic data received from the source node to each relay node in a subsequent adjacent layer;
when the wireless relay node is defined as part of a final layer before a destination node, relaying traffic data received from at least one relay node in a penultimate layer, adjacent to the final layer, to the destination node; and
when the wireless relay node is defined as part of any subsequent layer except the first layer and the final layer, relaying traffic data received from at least one relay node in a previous adjacent layer to each relay node in a subsequent adjacent layer. 22. The method of claim 21 further comprising:
decoding received traffic data having a measured signal quality exceeding a test signal quality before relaying the traffic data to each relay node in the subsequent adjacent layer or to the destination node; and
compressing the traffic data when the measured signal quality does not exceed the test signal quality before relaying the traffic data to each relay node in the subsequent adjacent layer or to the destination node. 23. A wireless relay node comprised in one of a plurality of layers of relay nodes, the wireless relay node comprising:
a layer circuit configured to define the wireless relay node as part of one of the plurality of layers by: defining the wireless relay node as part of a first layer if the wireless relay node receives a test signal from a source node having a signal quality exceeding a first threshold; and defining the wireless relay node as part of a subsequent layer if the wireless relay node receives a test signal from at least one relay node in a previous adjacent layer having a signal quality exceeding a second threshold. 24. The wireless relay node of claim 23 further comprising a transceiver coupled to one or more antennas, the transceiver configured to:
when the wireless relay node is defined as part of the first layer, relay traffic data received from the source node to each relay node in a subsequent adjacent layer via the one or more antennas;
when the wireless relay node is defined as part of a final layer before a destination node, relay traffic data received from at least one relay node in a penultimate layer, adjacent to the final layer, to the destination node via the one or more antennas; and
when the wireless relay node is defined as part of any subsequent layer except the first layer and the final layer, relay traffic data received from at least one relay node in a previous adjacent layer to each relay node in a subsequent adjacent layer via the one or more antennas. 25. The wireless relay node of claim 24 further comprising:
a decoding circuit configured to decode received traffic data having a measured signal quality exceeding a test signal quality before relaying the traffic data to each relay node in the subsequent adjacent layer or to the destination node; and
a compression circuit configured to compress the traffic data when the measured signal quality does not exceed the test signal quality before relaying the traffic data to each relay node in the subsequent adjacent layer or to the destination node. | 2,400 |
6,819 | 6,819 | 14,616,110 | 2,439 | A cipher employs rotation of a substitution box (S-Box) value to provide both confusion and diffusion. In some aspects, for each iteration of an iterative cipher, a subset of a state value is expanded to calculate a rotation distance for rotating an S-Box value, whereby the rotated S-Box value is combined with the state value and the new state value is rotated for the next iteration. Advantageously, the cipher may be implemented in software (or other code) using conventional instructions, and without the need for large S-Box lookup tables. | 1. A method for generating a ciphered signal, comprising:
receiving a first signal; determining a state value based on the first signal; determining a rotation distance based on the state value; rotating a first value based on the rotation distance; combining the rotated first value and the state value; and generating a second signal based on the combination of the rotated first value and the state value. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first value is a substitution box value. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the rotating and the combining impart nonlinearity on the state value and diffuse the combination within a subsequent instance of the state value. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the combining comprises:
masking the rotated first value; and combining the masked rotated first value and the state value. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the combining comprises:
generating an interim instance of the state value by combining the rotated first value and the state value. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein:
the generation of the second signal comprises generating a subsequent instance of the state value by rotating the interim instance of the state value; and the interim instance of the state value is rotated by a quantity of bits that is based on a quantity of bits of the first value. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the generation of the interim instance of the state value comprises combining a cryptographic key with a result of the combining of the rotated first value and the state value. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the determination of the state value comprises generating a current instance of the state value by combining a cryptographic key and a previous instance of the state value. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the determination of the rotation distance is further based a subset of the state value. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the determination of the rotation distance comprises:
selecting a subset of bits from the state value; determining a first number that corresponds to the selected subset of bits; determining a second number that corresponds to a quantity of bits of the first value; and multiplying the first number by the second number. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the determination of the rotation distance comprises:
masking the state value; and shifting the masked state value. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the determination of the rotation distance further comprises:
shifting a second value based on the shifted masked state value; masking the shifted second value; and shifting the masked shifted second value. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the determination of the state value comprises generating a current instance of the state value by rotating a previous instance of the state value. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the generation of the second signal comprises combining a cryptographic key with the combination of the rotated first value and the state value. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the first value has a value such that the combination of the rotated first value and the state value is bijective. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the first value is bijective. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the determination of the rotation distance, the rotation of the first value, and the combination of the rotated first value and the state value are performed by operations:
ŝ=ROR(sbox,(s & M1)<<S1)& MASK; and
s=ROR(s,R1), where ̂= is an XOR operation, ROR is a rotate right operation, & is an AND operation, << is a bit shift left operation, s corresponds to instances of the state value, M1 is a first mask value, MASK is a second mask value, S1 is a shift value, R1 is a rotation value, and sbox corresponds to instances of the first value. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the determination of the rotation distance, the rotation of the first value, and the combination of the rotated first value and the state value are performed by operations:
s=ROL(s,R1); and ŝ=ROR(sbox,(s & M1)<<S1)& MASK,
where ̂= is an XOR operation, ROL is a rotate left operation, ROR is a rotate right operation, & is an AND operation, << is a bit shift left operation, s corresponds to instances of the state value, M1 is a first mask value, MASK is a second mask value, R1 is a rotation value, S1 is a shift value, and sbox corresponds to instances of the first value. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the determination of the rotation distance, the rotation of the first value, and the combination of the rotated first value and the state value are performed by operations:
ŝ=ROR(sbox,(s & M1)<<S1) and
s=ROR(s,R1), where ̂= is an XOR operation, ROR is a rotate right operation, & is an AND operation, << is a bit shift left operation, s corresponds to instances of the state value, M1 is a mask value, S1 is a shift value, R1 is a rotation value, and sbox corresponds to instances of the first value. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the determination of the rotation distance, the rotation of the first value, and the combination of the rotated first value and the state value are performed by operations:
s=ROL(s,R1); shift=(tinv>>((state & M1)<<S1))<<S2; and
ŝ=ROR(sbox,shift), where ̂= is an XOR operation, ROL is a rotate left operation, ROR is a rotate right operation, & is an AND operation, << is a bit shift left operation, >> is a bit shift right operation, s corresponds to instances of the state value, M1 is a mask value, S1 is a first shift value, S2 is a second shift value, R1 is a first rotation value, shift is a second rotation value, tinv is an inverse substitution box value, and sbox corresponds to instances of the first value. 21. An apparatus for generating a ciphered signal, comprising:
a memory circuit; and a processing circuit coupled to the memory circuit and configured to:
receive a first signal from the memory circuit;
determine a state value based on the first signal;
determine a rotation distance based on the state value;
rotate a first value based on the rotation distance;
combine the rotated first value and the state value; and
generate a second signal based on the combination of the rotated first value and the state value. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the first value is a substitution box value. 23. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the rotation and the combination impart nonlinearity on the state value and diffuse the combination within a subsequent instance of the state value. 24. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the determination of the rotation distance is further based a subset of the state value. 25. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein, to combine the rotated first value and the state value, the processing circuit is further configured to:
mask the rotated first value; and combine the masked rotated first value and the state value. 26. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein:
to combine the rotated first value and the state value, the processing circuit is further configured to generate an interim instance of the state value based on the rotated first value and the state value; to generate the second signal, the processing circuit is further configured to rotate the interim instance of the state value to generate a subsequent instance of the state value; and the interim instance of the state value is rotated by a quantity of bits that is based on a quantity of bits of the first value. 27. An apparatus for generating a ciphered signal, comprising:
means for receiving a first signal; means for determining a state value based on the first signal; means for determining a rotation distance based on the state value; means for rotating a first value based on the rotation distance; means for combining the rotated first value and the state value; and means for generating a second signal based on the combination of the rotated first value and the state value. 28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the rotation and the combination impart nonlinearity on the state value and diffuse the combination within a subsequent instance of the state value. 29. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer executable code, including code to:
receive a first signal; determine a state value based on the first signal; determine a rotation distance based on the state value; rotate a first value based on the rotation distance; combine the rotated first value and the state value; and generate a second signal based on the combination of the rotated first value and the state value. 30. The computer-readable medium of claim 29, wherein the rotation and the combination impart nonlinearity on the state value and diffuse the combination within a subsequent instance of the state value. | A cipher employs rotation of a substitution box (S-Box) value to provide both confusion and diffusion. In some aspects, for each iteration of an iterative cipher, a subset of a state value is expanded to calculate a rotation distance for rotating an S-Box value, whereby the rotated S-Box value is combined with the state value and the new state value is rotated for the next iteration. Advantageously, the cipher may be implemented in software (or other code) using conventional instructions, and without the need for large S-Box lookup tables.1. A method for generating a ciphered signal, comprising:
receiving a first signal; determining a state value based on the first signal; determining a rotation distance based on the state value; rotating a first value based on the rotation distance; combining the rotated first value and the state value; and generating a second signal based on the combination of the rotated first value and the state value. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first value is a substitution box value. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the rotating and the combining impart nonlinearity on the state value and diffuse the combination within a subsequent instance of the state value. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the combining comprises:
masking the rotated first value; and combining the masked rotated first value and the state value. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the combining comprises:
generating an interim instance of the state value by combining the rotated first value and the state value. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein:
the generation of the second signal comprises generating a subsequent instance of the state value by rotating the interim instance of the state value; and the interim instance of the state value is rotated by a quantity of bits that is based on a quantity of bits of the first value. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the generation of the interim instance of the state value comprises combining a cryptographic key with a result of the combining of the rotated first value and the state value. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the determination of the state value comprises generating a current instance of the state value by combining a cryptographic key and a previous instance of the state value. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the determination of the rotation distance is further based a subset of the state value. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the determination of the rotation distance comprises:
selecting a subset of bits from the state value; determining a first number that corresponds to the selected subset of bits; determining a second number that corresponds to a quantity of bits of the first value; and multiplying the first number by the second number. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the determination of the rotation distance comprises:
masking the state value; and shifting the masked state value. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the determination of the rotation distance further comprises:
shifting a second value based on the shifted masked state value; masking the shifted second value; and shifting the masked shifted second value. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the determination of the state value comprises generating a current instance of the state value by rotating a previous instance of the state value. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the generation of the second signal comprises combining a cryptographic key with the combination of the rotated first value and the state value. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the first value has a value such that the combination of the rotated first value and the state value is bijective. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the first value is bijective. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the determination of the rotation distance, the rotation of the first value, and the combination of the rotated first value and the state value are performed by operations:
ŝ=ROR(sbox,(s & M1)<<S1)& MASK; and
s=ROR(s,R1), where ̂= is an XOR operation, ROR is a rotate right operation, & is an AND operation, << is a bit shift left operation, s corresponds to instances of the state value, M1 is a first mask value, MASK is a second mask value, S1 is a shift value, R1 is a rotation value, and sbox corresponds to instances of the first value. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the determination of the rotation distance, the rotation of the first value, and the combination of the rotated first value and the state value are performed by operations:
s=ROL(s,R1); and ŝ=ROR(sbox,(s & M1)<<S1)& MASK,
where ̂= is an XOR operation, ROL is a rotate left operation, ROR is a rotate right operation, & is an AND operation, << is a bit shift left operation, s corresponds to instances of the state value, M1 is a first mask value, MASK is a second mask value, R1 is a rotation value, S1 is a shift value, and sbox corresponds to instances of the first value. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the determination of the rotation distance, the rotation of the first value, and the combination of the rotated first value and the state value are performed by operations:
ŝ=ROR(sbox,(s & M1)<<S1) and
s=ROR(s,R1), where ̂= is an XOR operation, ROR is a rotate right operation, & is an AND operation, << is a bit shift left operation, s corresponds to instances of the state value, M1 is a mask value, S1 is a shift value, R1 is a rotation value, and sbox corresponds to instances of the first value. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the determination of the rotation distance, the rotation of the first value, and the combination of the rotated first value and the state value are performed by operations:
s=ROL(s,R1); shift=(tinv>>((state & M1)<<S1))<<S2; and
ŝ=ROR(sbox,shift), where ̂= is an XOR operation, ROL is a rotate left operation, ROR is a rotate right operation, & is an AND operation, << is a bit shift left operation, >> is a bit shift right operation, s corresponds to instances of the state value, M1 is a mask value, S1 is a first shift value, S2 is a second shift value, R1 is a first rotation value, shift is a second rotation value, tinv is an inverse substitution box value, and sbox corresponds to instances of the first value. 21. An apparatus for generating a ciphered signal, comprising:
a memory circuit; and a processing circuit coupled to the memory circuit and configured to:
receive a first signal from the memory circuit;
determine a state value based on the first signal;
determine a rotation distance based on the state value;
rotate a first value based on the rotation distance;
combine the rotated first value and the state value; and
generate a second signal based on the combination of the rotated first value and the state value. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the first value is a substitution box value. 23. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the rotation and the combination impart nonlinearity on the state value and diffuse the combination within a subsequent instance of the state value. 24. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the determination of the rotation distance is further based a subset of the state value. 25. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein, to combine the rotated first value and the state value, the processing circuit is further configured to:
mask the rotated first value; and combine the masked rotated first value and the state value. 26. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein:
to combine the rotated first value and the state value, the processing circuit is further configured to generate an interim instance of the state value based on the rotated first value and the state value; to generate the second signal, the processing circuit is further configured to rotate the interim instance of the state value to generate a subsequent instance of the state value; and the interim instance of the state value is rotated by a quantity of bits that is based on a quantity of bits of the first value. 27. An apparatus for generating a ciphered signal, comprising:
means for receiving a first signal; means for determining a state value based on the first signal; means for determining a rotation distance based on the state value; means for rotating a first value based on the rotation distance; means for combining the rotated first value and the state value; and means for generating a second signal based on the combination of the rotated first value and the state value. 28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the rotation and the combination impart nonlinearity on the state value and diffuse the combination within a subsequent instance of the state value. 29. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer executable code, including code to:
receive a first signal; determine a state value based on the first signal; determine a rotation distance based on the state value; rotate a first value based on the rotation distance; combine the rotated first value and the state value; and generate a second signal based on the combination of the rotated first value and the state value. 30. The computer-readable medium of claim 29, wherein the rotation and the combination impart nonlinearity on the state value and diffuse the combination within a subsequent instance of the state value. | 2,400 |
6,820 | 6,820 | 12,309,496 | 2,485 | There are provided methods and apparatus for adaptive geometric partitioning for video encoding and decoding. An apparatus includes an encoder for encoding image data corresponding to pictures by adaptively partitioning at least portions of the pictures responsive to at least one parametric model. The at least one parametric model involves at least one of implicit and explicit formulation of at least one curve. | 1. An apparatus, comprising:
a decoder for decoding image data corresponding to pictures by reconstructing at least portions of the pictures partitioned using at least one parametric model, wherein the at least one parametric model involves at least one of implicit and explicit formulation of at least one curve. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve is derived from a geometric signal model. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve describe at least one of, one or more image contours, and, one or more motion boundaries. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one polynomial is used as at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a first order polynomial model is used as at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the first order polynomial model includes an angle parameter and a distance parameter. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one parametric model for a given image portion is adaptively decoded depending on a set of models when more than one parametric model is available. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said decoder performs explicit or implicit decoding of a precision of parameters of at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve using at least one high level syntax element. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the at least one high level syntax element is decoded from at least one of a slice header level, a Supplemental Enhancement Information (SEI) level, a picture parameter set level, a sequence parameter set level and a network abstraction layer unit header level 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a precision of parameters of at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve is adapted in order to control at least one of decompression efficiency and decoder complexity. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the precision of the parameters of the at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve is adapted depending on a decompression quality parameter. 12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein predictor data, associated with at least one partition of at least one of the pictures, is predicted from at least one of spatial neighboring blocks and temporal neighboring blocks. 13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein partition model parameters for at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve are predicted from at least one of spatial neighboring blocks and temporal neighboring blocks. 14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said decoder determines prediction values for pixels that, according to at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve, lay partly in more than one partition, using at least one of an anti-aliasing procedure, a combination of a part of prediction values for corresponding positions of the pixels, a totality of the prediction values for the corresponding positions of the pixels, a neighborhood, predictors of different partitions, from among the more than one partition, where the pixel is deemed to partly lay. 15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said decoder is an extended version of an existing hybrid predictive decoder of an existing video coding standard or video coding recommendation. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein said decoder applies parametric model based partitions to at least one of macroblocks and sub-macroblocks of the pictures as coding modes for at least one of the macroblocks and the sub-macroblocks, respectively. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein parametric model-based coding modes are inserted within existing macroblock and sub-macroblock coding modes of an existing video coding standard or video coding recommendation. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein said decoder decodes model parameters of at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve to determine the parametric model-based partitions along with partitions prediction data. 19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein pixels of at least one of the pictures that overlap at least two parametric model-based partitions are a weighted linear average from at least one of, predictions of the at least two parametric model-based partitions and neighboring pixels from at least one of the predictions of one of the at least two parametric model-based partitions, 20. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein partition predictions are of at least one of the type inter and intra. 21. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein said decoder selectively uses parameter predictions for at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve for partition model parameters coding. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein a prediction for a current block of a particular one of the pictures is based on curve extrapolation from neighboring blocks into the current block. 23. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein said decoder uses different contexts or coding tables to decode the image data depending on whether or not parameters of at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve are predicted. 24. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein said decoder is an extended version of a decoder for the International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission (ISO/IEC) Moving Picture Experts Group-4 (MPEG-4) Part 10 Advanced Video Coding (AVC) standard/International Telecommunication Union, Telecommunication Sector (ITU-T) H.264 recommendation. 25. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein said decoder applies at least one of deblocking filtering and reference frame filtering adapted to handle transform-size blocks affected by at least one parametric mode based partition due to non-tree-based partitioning of the at least one of the macroblocks and the sub-macroblocks when parametric model based partition modes are used, and wherein the deblocking filtering and the reference frame filtering is dependent upon at least one of whichever one of the at least one parametric model-based partition is used and a selected shape of the at least one parametric model-based partition. 26. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein said decoder adapts at least one of an inverse residual transform and a de-quantization procedure depending on the selected parametric model-based partition if this is in use. 27. A method, comprising:
decoding image data corresponding to pictures by reconstructing at least portions of the pictures partitioned using at least one parametric model, wherein the at least one parametric model involves at least one of implicit and explicit formulation of at least one curve. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve is derived from a geometric signal model. 29. The method of claim 27, wherein the at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve describe at least one of, one or more image contours, and, one or more motion boundaries. 30. The method of claim 27, wherein at least one polynomial is used as at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve. 31. The method of claim 27, wherein a first order polynomial model is used as at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the first order polynomial model includes an angle parameter and a distance parameter. 33. The method of claim 27, wherein the parametric model for a given image portion is adaptively decoded depending on a set of models when more than one parametric model is available. 34. The method of claim 27, wherein said decoding step performs explicit or implicit decoding of a precision of parameters of at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve using at least one high level syntax element. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein the at least one high level syntax element is decoded from at least one of a slice header level, a Supplemental Enhancement Information (SEI) level, a picture parameter set level, a sequence parameter set level and a network abstraction layer unit header level. 36. The method of claim 27, wherein a precision of parameters of at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve is adapted in order to control at least one of decompression efficiency and decoder complexity. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the precision of the parameters of the at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve is adapted depending on a decompression quality parameter. 38. The method of claim 27, wherein predictor data, associated with at least one partition of at least one of the pictures, is predicted from at least one of spatial neighboring blocks and temporal neighboring blocks. 39. The method of claim 27, wherein partition model parameters for at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve are predicted from at least one of spatial neighboring blocks and temporal neighboring blocks. 40. The method of claim 27, wherein said decoding step determines prediction values for pixels that, according to at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve, lay partly in more than one partition, using at least one of an anti-aliasing procedure, a combination of a part of prediction values for corresponding positions of the pixels, a totality of the prediction values for the corresponding positions of the pixels, a neighborhood, predictors of different partitions, from among the more than one partition, where the pixel is deemed to partly lay. 41. The method of claim 27, wherein the decoding step is performed in an extended version of an existing hybrid predictive decoder of an existing video coding standard or video coding recommendation. 42. The method of claim 41, wherein said decoding step applies parametric model based partitions to at least one of macroblocks and sub-macroblocks of the pictures as coding modes for at least one of the macroblocks and the sub-macroblocks, respectively. 43. The method of claim 42, wherein parametric model-based coding modes are inserted within existing macroblock and sub-macroblock coding modes of an existing video coding standard or video coding recommendation. 44. The method of claim 42, wherein said decoding step decodes model parameters of at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve to determine the parametric model-based partitions along with partitions prediction data. 45. The method of claim 42, wherein pixels of at least one of the pictures that overlap at least two parametric model-based partitions are a weighted linear average from at least one of, predictions of the at least two parametric model-based partitions and neighboring pixels from at least one of the predictions of one of the at least two parametric model-based partitions. 46. The method of claim 42, wherein partition predictions are of at least one of the type inter and intra. 47. The method of claim 42, wherein said decoding step selectively uses parameter predictions for at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve for partition model parameters coding. 48. The method of claim 47, wherein a prediction for a current block of a particular one of the pictures is based on curve extrapolation from neighboring blocks into the current block. 49. The method of claim 47, wherein said decoding step uses different contexts or coding tables to decode the image data depending on whether or not parameters of at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve are predicted. 50. The method of claim 42, wherein said decoding step is performed in an extended version of a decoder for the International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission (ISO/IEC) Moving Picture Experts Group-4 (MPEG-4) Part 10 Advanced Video Coding (AVC) standard/International Telecommunication Union, Telecommunication Sector (ITU-T) H.264 recommendation. 51. The method of claim 42, wherein said decoding step applies at least one of deblocking filtering and reference frame filtering adapted to handle transform-size blocks affected by at least one parametric mode based partition due to non-tree-based partitioning of the at least one of the macroblocks and the sub-macroblocks when parametric model based partition modes are used, and wherein the deblocking filtering and the reference frame filtering is dependent upon at least one of whichever one of the at least one parametric model-based partition is used and a selected shape of the at least one parametric model-based partition. 52. The method of claim 38, wherein said decoding step adapts at least one of an inverse residual transform and a de-quantization procedure depending on the selected parametric model-based partition if this is in use. 53. A storage media having video signal data encoded thereupon, comprising:
image data corresponding to pictures encoded by adaptively partitioning at least portions of the pictures responsive to at least one parametric model, wherein the at least one parametric model involves at least one of implicit and explicit formulation of at least one curve. | There are provided methods and apparatus for adaptive geometric partitioning for video encoding and decoding. An apparatus includes an encoder for encoding image data corresponding to pictures by adaptively partitioning at least portions of the pictures responsive to at least one parametric model. The at least one parametric model involves at least one of implicit and explicit formulation of at least one curve.1. An apparatus, comprising:
a decoder for decoding image data corresponding to pictures by reconstructing at least portions of the pictures partitioned using at least one parametric model, wherein the at least one parametric model involves at least one of implicit and explicit formulation of at least one curve. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve is derived from a geometric signal model. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve describe at least one of, one or more image contours, and, one or more motion boundaries. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one polynomial is used as at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a first order polynomial model is used as at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the first order polynomial model includes an angle parameter and a distance parameter. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one parametric model for a given image portion is adaptively decoded depending on a set of models when more than one parametric model is available. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said decoder performs explicit or implicit decoding of a precision of parameters of at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve using at least one high level syntax element. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the at least one high level syntax element is decoded from at least one of a slice header level, a Supplemental Enhancement Information (SEI) level, a picture parameter set level, a sequence parameter set level and a network abstraction layer unit header level 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a precision of parameters of at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve is adapted in order to control at least one of decompression efficiency and decoder complexity. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the precision of the parameters of the at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve is adapted depending on a decompression quality parameter. 12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein predictor data, associated with at least one partition of at least one of the pictures, is predicted from at least one of spatial neighboring blocks and temporal neighboring blocks. 13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein partition model parameters for at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve are predicted from at least one of spatial neighboring blocks and temporal neighboring blocks. 14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said decoder determines prediction values for pixels that, according to at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve, lay partly in more than one partition, using at least one of an anti-aliasing procedure, a combination of a part of prediction values for corresponding positions of the pixels, a totality of the prediction values for the corresponding positions of the pixels, a neighborhood, predictors of different partitions, from among the more than one partition, where the pixel is deemed to partly lay. 15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said decoder is an extended version of an existing hybrid predictive decoder of an existing video coding standard or video coding recommendation. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein said decoder applies parametric model based partitions to at least one of macroblocks and sub-macroblocks of the pictures as coding modes for at least one of the macroblocks and the sub-macroblocks, respectively. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein parametric model-based coding modes are inserted within existing macroblock and sub-macroblock coding modes of an existing video coding standard or video coding recommendation. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein said decoder decodes model parameters of at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve to determine the parametric model-based partitions along with partitions prediction data. 19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein pixels of at least one of the pictures that overlap at least two parametric model-based partitions are a weighted linear average from at least one of, predictions of the at least two parametric model-based partitions and neighboring pixels from at least one of the predictions of one of the at least two parametric model-based partitions, 20. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein partition predictions are of at least one of the type inter and intra. 21. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein said decoder selectively uses parameter predictions for at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve for partition model parameters coding. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein a prediction for a current block of a particular one of the pictures is based on curve extrapolation from neighboring blocks into the current block. 23. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein said decoder uses different contexts or coding tables to decode the image data depending on whether or not parameters of at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve are predicted. 24. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein said decoder is an extended version of a decoder for the International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission (ISO/IEC) Moving Picture Experts Group-4 (MPEG-4) Part 10 Advanced Video Coding (AVC) standard/International Telecommunication Union, Telecommunication Sector (ITU-T) H.264 recommendation. 25. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein said decoder applies at least one of deblocking filtering and reference frame filtering adapted to handle transform-size blocks affected by at least one parametric mode based partition due to non-tree-based partitioning of the at least one of the macroblocks and the sub-macroblocks when parametric model based partition modes are used, and wherein the deblocking filtering and the reference frame filtering is dependent upon at least one of whichever one of the at least one parametric model-based partition is used and a selected shape of the at least one parametric model-based partition. 26. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein said decoder adapts at least one of an inverse residual transform and a de-quantization procedure depending on the selected parametric model-based partition if this is in use. 27. A method, comprising:
decoding image data corresponding to pictures by reconstructing at least portions of the pictures partitioned using at least one parametric model, wherein the at least one parametric model involves at least one of implicit and explicit formulation of at least one curve. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve is derived from a geometric signal model. 29. The method of claim 27, wherein the at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve describe at least one of, one or more image contours, and, one or more motion boundaries. 30. The method of claim 27, wherein at least one polynomial is used as at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve. 31. The method of claim 27, wherein a first order polynomial model is used as at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the first order polynomial model includes an angle parameter and a distance parameter. 33. The method of claim 27, wherein the parametric model for a given image portion is adaptively decoded depending on a set of models when more than one parametric model is available. 34. The method of claim 27, wherein said decoding step performs explicit or implicit decoding of a precision of parameters of at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve using at least one high level syntax element. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein the at least one high level syntax element is decoded from at least one of a slice header level, a Supplemental Enhancement Information (SEI) level, a picture parameter set level, a sequence parameter set level and a network abstraction layer unit header level. 36. The method of claim 27, wherein a precision of parameters of at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve is adapted in order to control at least one of decompression efficiency and decoder complexity. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the precision of the parameters of the at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve is adapted depending on a decompression quality parameter. 38. The method of claim 27, wherein predictor data, associated with at least one partition of at least one of the pictures, is predicted from at least one of spatial neighboring blocks and temporal neighboring blocks. 39. The method of claim 27, wherein partition model parameters for at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve are predicted from at least one of spatial neighboring blocks and temporal neighboring blocks. 40. The method of claim 27, wherein said decoding step determines prediction values for pixels that, according to at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve, lay partly in more than one partition, using at least one of an anti-aliasing procedure, a combination of a part of prediction values for corresponding positions of the pixels, a totality of the prediction values for the corresponding positions of the pixels, a neighborhood, predictors of different partitions, from among the more than one partition, where the pixel is deemed to partly lay. 41. The method of claim 27, wherein the decoding step is performed in an extended version of an existing hybrid predictive decoder of an existing video coding standard or video coding recommendation. 42. The method of claim 41, wherein said decoding step applies parametric model based partitions to at least one of macroblocks and sub-macroblocks of the pictures as coding modes for at least one of the macroblocks and the sub-macroblocks, respectively. 43. The method of claim 42, wherein parametric model-based coding modes are inserted within existing macroblock and sub-macroblock coding modes of an existing video coding standard or video coding recommendation. 44. The method of claim 42, wherein said decoding step decodes model parameters of at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve to determine the parametric model-based partitions along with partitions prediction data. 45. The method of claim 42, wherein pixels of at least one of the pictures that overlap at least two parametric model-based partitions are a weighted linear average from at least one of, predictions of the at least two parametric model-based partitions and neighboring pixels from at least one of the predictions of one of the at least two parametric model-based partitions. 46. The method of claim 42, wherein partition predictions are of at least one of the type inter and intra. 47. The method of claim 42, wherein said decoding step selectively uses parameter predictions for at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve for partition model parameters coding. 48. The method of claim 47, wherein a prediction for a current block of a particular one of the pictures is based on curve extrapolation from neighboring blocks into the current block. 49. The method of claim 47, wherein said decoding step uses different contexts or coding tables to decode the image data depending on whether or not parameters of at least one of the at least one parametric model and the at least one curve are predicted. 50. The method of claim 42, wherein said decoding step is performed in an extended version of a decoder for the International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission (ISO/IEC) Moving Picture Experts Group-4 (MPEG-4) Part 10 Advanced Video Coding (AVC) standard/International Telecommunication Union, Telecommunication Sector (ITU-T) H.264 recommendation. 51. The method of claim 42, wherein said decoding step applies at least one of deblocking filtering and reference frame filtering adapted to handle transform-size blocks affected by at least one parametric mode based partition due to non-tree-based partitioning of the at least one of the macroblocks and the sub-macroblocks when parametric model based partition modes are used, and wherein the deblocking filtering and the reference frame filtering is dependent upon at least one of whichever one of the at least one parametric model-based partition is used and a selected shape of the at least one parametric model-based partition. 52. The method of claim 38, wherein said decoding step adapts at least one of an inverse residual transform and a de-quantization procedure depending on the selected parametric model-based partition if this is in use. 53. A storage media having video signal data encoded thereupon, comprising:
image data corresponding to pictures encoded by adaptively partitioning at least portions of the pictures responsive to at least one parametric model, wherein the at least one parametric model involves at least one of implicit and explicit formulation of at least one curve. | 2,400 |
6,821 | 6,821 | 14,726,202 | 2,458 | Methods and systems may provide for joining an overlay network of a plurality of peer devices and identifying a local preference for an area service available to the plurality of peer devices. Additionally, the local preference may be used to negotiate a common preference for the area service with the plurality of peer devices. In one example, the common preference is a best fit value for the plurality of peer devices on the overlay network. | 1. A method of operating a local peer device, comprising:
joining an overlay network of a plurality of peer devices; identifying a local preference for an area service available to the plurality of peer devices; and using the local preference to negotiate a common preference for the area service with the plurality of peer devices. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the common preference is a best fit value for the plurality of peer devices on the overlay network. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein using the local preference to negotiate the common preference includes sending the local preference from the local peer device to one or more remaining peer devices on the overlay network. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein using the local preference to negotiate the common preference includes:
receiving one or more remote preferences from one or more remaining peer devices on the overlay network; and comparing the one or more remote preferences to the local preference. 5. The method of claim 1, further including obtaining the local preference from one or more of a user interface of the local peer device or a profile stored on the local peer device. 6. The method of claim 1, further including communicating the common preference to an infrastructure component that provides the area service. 7. The method of claim 1, further including re-negotiating the common preference in response to one or more of an additional peer device joining the overlay network, a remaining peer device leaving the overlay network or an expiration of a periodic timer. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the local preference and the common preference include one or more of a crosswalk timer setting, a public safety staffing level, a temperature setting, a lighting setting, a music genre setting or a listening volume setting. | Methods and systems may provide for joining an overlay network of a plurality of peer devices and identifying a local preference for an area service available to the plurality of peer devices. Additionally, the local preference may be used to negotiate a common preference for the area service with the plurality of peer devices. In one example, the common preference is a best fit value for the plurality of peer devices on the overlay network.1. A method of operating a local peer device, comprising:
joining an overlay network of a plurality of peer devices; identifying a local preference for an area service available to the plurality of peer devices; and using the local preference to negotiate a common preference for the area service with the plurality of peer devices. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the common preference is a best fit value for the plurality of peer devices on the overlay network. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein using the local preference to negotiate the common preference includes sending the local preference from the local peer device to one or more remaining peer devices on the overlay network. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein using the local preference to negotiate the common preference includes:
receiving one or more remote preferences from one or more remaining peer devices on the overlay network; and comparing the one or more remote preferences to the local preference. 5. The method of claim 1, further including obtaining the local preference from one or more of a user interface of the local peer device or a profile stored on the local peer device. 6. The method of claim 1, further including communicating the common preference to an infrastructure component that provides the area service. 7. The method of claim 1, further including re-negotiating the common preference in response to one or more of an additional peer device joining the overlay network, a remaining peer device leaving the overlay network or an expiration of a periodic timer. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the local preference and the common preference include one or more of a crosswalk timer setting, a public safety staffing level, a temperature setting, a lighting setting, a music genre setting or a listening volume setting. | 2,400 |
6,822 | 6,822 | 13,877,834 | 2,412 | The present invention provides a method and apparatus of handling in-device co-existence interference in a wireless communication environment. In one embodiment, a method includes detecting in-device co-existence interference between a LTE module and an ISM module in user equipment. The method further includes identifying subframes and corresponding HARQ processes in a set of subframes allocated to the LTE module which are affected by the ISM module operation. Additionally, the method includes reserving the remaining subframes and corresponding HARQ processes in the set of subframes for the LTE module operation. Furthermore, the method includes indicating to a base station that the remaining subframes and the corresponding HARQ processes are reserved for the LTE module operation to resolve the in-device co-existence interference. Moreover, the method includes receiving scheduling pattern indicating subframes and corresponding HARQ processes reserved for the LTE operation or derived DRX parameters from the base station based on the indication. | 1-35. (canceled) 36. A method of handling an in-device co-existence interference in a user equipment, the method comprising:
detecting an in-device co-existence interference between a long term evolution (LTE) module and an industrial, scientific and medical radio band (ISM) module in a user equipment; and providing, to a base station, a pattern that indicates one or more subframes and corresponding hybrid automatic repeat Request (HARQ) processes for resolving in-device co-existence interference between the LTE module and the ISM module. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the one or more subframes are indicated to the base station to accommodate traffic of the ISM module rather than traffic of the LTE module during the one or more subframes and the corresponding HARQ processes. 38. The method of claim 36, further comprising:
receiving a scheduling pattern from the base station in response to providing the pattern, wherein the scheduling pattern indicates discontinuous reception (DRX) parameters derived based on the indication. 39. The method of claim 36, wherein in providing, to the base station, the pattern that indicates the one or more subframes and the corresponding HARQ processes, the subframes and the corresponding HARQ processes are represented in a bitmap. 40. The method of claim 36, wherein in providing, to the base station, the pattern that indicates the one or more subframes and the corresponding HARQ processes, the one or more subframes and the corresponding HARQ processes are represented as discontinuous reception (DRX) parameters. 41. The method of claim 36, further comprising:
receiving a message from the base station indicative of whether the in-device co-existence interference reporting is supported by the wireless network such that the user equipment provides the pattern that indicates the one or more subframes and corresponding HARQ processes when the in-device co-existence interference is detected. 42. An apparatus comprising:
a processor; and memory coupled to the processor, wherein the memory includes an interference resolution module, the interference resolution module configured to:
detect an in-device co-existence interference between a long term evolution (LTE) module and an industrial, scientific and medical radio band (ISM) module; and
provide, to a base station, a pattern that indicates one or more subframes and corresponding HARQ processes for resolving in-device co-existence interference between the LTE module and the ISM module. 43. The apparatus of claim 42, wherein the one or more subframes are indicated to the base station to accommodate traffic of the ISM module rather than traffic of the LTE module during the one or more subframes and the corresponding HARQ processes. 44. The apparatus of claim 42, wherein the interference handling module is further configured to apply a scheduling pattern received from the base station in response to the providing, wherein the scheduling pattern indicates discontinuous reception (DRX) parameters derived based on the indication. 45. A method of handling an in-device co-existence interference in a user equipment, the method comprising:
detecting an in-device co-existence interference between a long term evolution (LTE) module and an industrial, scientific and medical radio band (ISM) module of the user equipment; and communicating, to a base station in a wireless network, a set of parameters associated with a discontinuous reception (DRX) operation to reduce interference between the LTE module and the ISM module. 46. The method of claim 45, further comprising:
receiving a message from the base station indicative of whether the in-device co-existence interference reporting is supported by the wireless network such that the user equipment reports the set of parameters when the in-device co-existence interference is detected. 47. The method of claim 45, wherein the set of parameters comprises on duration timer, and length of a DRX cycle. 48. The method of claim 47, wherein communicating the set of parameters associated with the DRX operation to the base station in the wireless network comprises:
configuring the LTE module to operate during the on-duration timer interval and the ISM module to operate during the remaining time interval of the DRX cycle based on the set of parameters. 49. An apparatus comprising:
a processor; and memory coupled to the processor, wherein the memory includes an interference resolution module, the interference resolution module configured to:
detect an in-device co-existence interference between a long term evolution (LTE) module and an ISM module; and
communicate, to a base station in a wireless network, a set of parameters associated with a discontinuous reception (DRX) operation to cause interference free operation between the LTE module and the ISM module. 50. The apparatus of claim 49, wherein the set of parameters comprises on duration timer interval, and length of a DRX cycle. 51. The apparatus of claim 50, wherein the interference resolution module is configured to configure the LTE module to operate during the on-duration timer interval and the ISM module to operate during the remaining time interval of the DRX operation based on the set of parameters. 52. A method of handling an in-device co-existence interference in a user equipment, the method comprising:
detecting an in-device co-existence interference between a long term evolution (LTE) module and an industrial, scientific and medical radio band (ISM) module of the user equipment; and transmitting a unified signaling message indicating a set of parameters associated with the LTE module in at least one of frequency domain and time domain to resolve the in-device co-existence interference such that the base station schedules data to the user equipment based on the set of parameters to provide interference free time to the LTE module and the ISM module. 53. The method of claim 52, further comprising:
receiving a message from the base station indicative of whether the in-device co-existence interference reporting is supported by the wireless network such that the user equipment reports the set of parameters when the in-device co-existence interference is detected. 54. The method of claim 53, wherein the set of parameters comprises one or more frequencies allocated to the LTE module which contribute to the in-device co-existence interference. 55. The method of claim 53, wherein the set of parameters comprises at least one of discontinuous reception (DRX) parameters and hybrid automatic repeat Request (HARQ) processes associated with operation of the LTE module. 56. The method of claim 55, wherein the DRX parameters comprises on duration timer value, and a length of the DRX cycle. 57. The method of claim 55, wherein the HARQ process values comprises one or more subframes and corresponding HARQ processes in a set of subframes which cause the in-device co-existence interference. 58. The method of claim 52, further comprising:
receiving a scheduling pattern from the base station in response to the set of parameters if Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) solution is selected by the base station. 59. The method of claim 52, further comprising:
receiving a message indicating selection of frequency division Multiplexing (FDM) solution for resolving the in-device co-existence interference, wherein the message includes one of a handover command to handover a wireless connection from one carrier to another carrier and a deactivation command for deactivating one or more component carrier. 60. The method of claim 52, further comprising:
detecting an end of the in-device co-existence interference between the LTE module and the ISM module; and communicating the end of the in-device co-existence interference between the LTE, module and the ISM module to the base station. 61. An apparatus comprising:
a processor; and memory coupled to the processor, wherein the memory includes an interference resolution module, the interference resolution module configured to:
detect an in-device co-existence interference between a long term evolution (LTE) module and an industrial, scientific and medical radio band (ISM) module of a user equipment; and
transmit, to a base station, a unified signaling message indicating the set of parameters associated with the LTE module in at least one of frequency domain and time domain to resolve the in-device co-existence interference such that the base station schedules data to the user equipment based on the set of parameters to provide interference free time to the LTE module and the ISM module. 62. The apparatus of claim 61, wherein the set of parameters comprises one or more frequencies allocated to the LTE module which contribute to the in-device co-existence interference. 63. The apparatus of claim 61, wherein the set of parameters comprises at least one of discontinuous reception (DRX) parameters and the hybrid automatic repeat Request (HARQ) processes associated with operation of the LTE module. 64. The apparatus of claim 63, wherein the DRX cycle parameters comprises on duration timer value, and a length of the DRX cycle. 65. The apparatus of claim 63, wherein the HARQ process values comprises one or more subframes and corresponding HARQ processes in a set of subframes which cause the in-device co-existence interference. 66. The apparatus of claim 61, wherein the interference resolution module is configured to:
detect an end of the in-device co-existence interference between the LTE module and the ISM module; and communicate the end of the in-device co-existence interference between the LTE module and the ISM module to the base station. | The present invention provides a method and apparatus of handling in-device co-existence interference in a wireless communication environment. In one embodiment, a method includes detecting in-device co-existence interference between a LTE module and an ISM module in user equipment. The method further includes identifying subframes and corresponding HARQ processes in a set of subframes allocated to the LTE module which are affected by the ISM module operation. Additionally, the method includes reserving the remaining subframes and corresponding HARQ processes in the set of subframes for the LTE module operation. Furthermore, the method includes indicating to a base station that the remaining subframes and the corresponding HARQ processes are reserved for the LTE module operation to resolve the in-device co-existence interference. Moreover, the method includes receiving scheduling pattern indicating subframes and corresponding HARQ processes reserved for the LTE operation or derived DRX parameters from the base station based on the indication.1-35. (canceled) 36. A method of handling an in-device co-existence interference in a user equipment, the method comprising:
detecting an in-device co-existence interference between a long term evolution (LTE) module and an industrial, scientific and medical radio band (ISM) module in a user equipment; and providing, to a base station, a pattern that indicates one or more subframes and corresponding hybrid automatic repeat Request (HARQ) processes for resolving in-device co-existence interference between the LTE module and the ISM module. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the one or more subframes are indicated to the base station to accommodate traffic of the ISM module rather than traffic of the LTE module during the one or more subframes and the corresponding HARQ processes. 38. The method of claim 36, further comprising:
receiving a scheduling pattern from the base station in response to providing the pattern, wherein the scheduling pattern indicates discontinuous reception (DRX) parameters derived based on the indication. 39. The method of claim 36, wherein in providing, to the base station, the pattern that indicates the one or more subframes and the corresponding HARQ processes, the subframes and the corresponding HARQ processes are represented in a bitmap. 40. The method of claim 36, wherein in providing, to the base station, the pattern that indicates the one or more subframes and the corresponding HARQ processes, the one or more subframes and the corresponding HARQ processes are represented as discontinuous reception (DRX) parameters. 41. The method of claim 36, further comprising:
receiving a message from the base station indicative of whether the in-device co-existence interference reporting is supported by the wireless network such that the user equipment provides the pattern that indicates the one or more subframes and corresponding HARQ processes when the in-device co-existence interference is detected. 42. An apparatus comprising:
a processor; and memory coupled to the processor, wherein the memory includes an interference resolution module, the interference resolution module configured to:
detect an in-device co-existence interference between a long term evolution (LTE) module and an industrial, scientific and medical radio band (ISM) module; and
provide, to a base station, a pattern that indicates one or more subframes and corresponding HARQ processes for resolving in-device co-existence interference between the LTE module and the ISM module. 43. The apparatus of claim 42, wherein the one or more subframes are indicated to the base station to accommodate traffic of the ISM module rather than traffic of the LTE module during the one or more subframes and the corresponding HARQ processes. 44. The apparatus of claim 42, wherein the interference handling module is further configured to apply a scheduling pattern received from the base station in response to the providing, wherein the scheduling pattern indicates discontinuous reception (DRX) parameters derived based on the indication. 45. A method of handling an in-device co-existence interference in a user equipment, the method comprising:
detecting an in-device co-existence interference between a long term evolution (LTE) module and an industrial, scientific and medical radio band (ISM) module of the user equipment; and communicating, to a base station in a wireless network, a set of parameters associated with a discontinuous reception (DRX) operation to reduce interference between the LTE module and the ISM module. 46. The method of claim 45, further comprising:
receiving a message from the base station indicative of whether the in-device co-existence interference reporting is supported by the wireless network such that the user equipment reports the set of parameters when the in-device co-existence interference is detected. 47. The method of claim 45, wherein the set of parameters comprises on duration timer, and length of a DRX cycle. 48. The method of claim 47, wherein communicating the set of parameters associated with the DRX operation to the base station in the wireless network comprises:
configuring the LTE module to operate during the on-duration timer interval and the ISM module to operate during the remaining time interval of the DRX cycle based on the set of parameters. 49. An apparatus comprising:
a processor; and memory coupled to the processor, wherein the memory includes an interference resolution module, the interference resolution module configured to:
detect an in-device co-existence interference between a long term evolution (LTE) module and an ISM module; and
communicate, to a base station in a wireless network, a set of parameters associated with a discontinuous reception (DRX) operation to cause interference free operation between the LTE module and the ISM module. 50. The apparatus of claim 49, wherein the set of parameters comprises on duration timer interval, and length of a DRX cycle. 51. The apparatus of claim 50, wherein the interference resolution module is configured to configure the LTE module to operate during the on-duration timer interval and the ISM module to operate during the remaining time interval of the DRX operation based on the set of parameters. 52. A method of handling an in-device co-existence interference in a user equipment, the method comprising:
detecting an in-device co-existence interference between a long term evolution (LTE) module and an industrial, scientific and medical radio band (ISM) module of the user equipment; and transmitting a unified signaling message indicating a set of parameters associated with the LTE module in at least one of frequency domain and time domain to resolve the in-device co-existence interference such that the base station schedules data to the user equipment based on the set of parameters to provide interference free time to the LTE module and the ISM module. 53. The method of claim 52, further comprising:
receiving a message from the base station indicative of whether the in-device co-existence interference reporting is supported by the wireless network such that the user equipment reports the set of parameters when the in-device co-existence interference is detected. 54. The method of claim 53, wherein the set of parameters comprises one or more frequencies allocated to the LTE module which contribute to the in-device co-existence interference. 55. The method of claim 53, wherein the set of parameters comprises at least one of discontinuous reception (DRX) parameters and hybrid automatic repeat Request (HARQ) processes associated with operation of the LTE module. 56. The method of claim 55, wherein the DRX parameters comprises on duration timer value, and a length of the DRX cycle. 57. The method of claim 55, wherein the HARQ process values comprises one or more subframes and corresponding HARQ processes in a set of subframes which cause the in-device co-existence interference. 58. The method of claim 52, further comprising:
receiving a scheduling pattern from the base station in response to the set of parameters if Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) solution is selected by the base station. 59. The method of claim 52, further comprising:
receiving a message indicating selection of frequency division Multiplexing (FDM) solution for resolving the in-device co-existence interference, wherein the message includes one of a handover command to handover a wireless connection from one carrier to another carrier and a deactivation command for deactivating one or more component carrier. 60. The method of claim 52, further comprising:
detecting an end of the in-device co-existence interference between the LTE module and the ISM module; and communicating the end of the in-device co-existence interference between the LTE, module and the ISM module to the base station. 61. An apparatus comprising:
a processor; and memory coupled to the processor, wherein the memory includes an interference resolution module, the interference resolution module configured to:
detect an in-device co-existence interference between a long term evolution (LTE) module and an industrial, scientific and medical radio band (ISM) module of a user equipment; and
transmit, to a base station, a unified signaling message indicating the set of parameters associated with the LTE module in at least one of frequency domain and time domain to resolve the in-device co-existence interference such that the base station schedules data to the user equipment based on the set of parameters to provide interference free time to the LTE module and the ISM module. 62. The apparatus of claim 61, wherein the set of parameters comprises one or more frequencies allocated to the LTE module which contribute to the in-device co-existence interference. 63. The apparatus of claim 61, wherein the set of parameters comprises at least one of discontinuous reception (DRX) parameters and the hybrid automatic repeat Request (HARQ) processes associated with operation of the LTE module. 64. The apparatus of claim 63, wherein the DRX cycle parameters comprises on duration timer value, and a length of the DRX cycle. 65. The apparatus of claim 63, wherein the HARQ process values comprises one or more subframes and corresponding HARQ processes in a set of subframes which cause the in-device co-existence interference. 66. The apparatus of claim 61, wherein the interference resolution module is configured to:
detect an end of the in-device co-existence interference between the LTE module and the ISM module; and communicate the end of the in-device co-existence interference between the LTE module and the ISM module to the base station. | 2,400 |
6,823 | 6,823 | 13,952,588 | 2,473 | A method of operating a wireless communication system is disclosed (FIG. 6 ). The method includes receiving a virtual cell identification (VCID) parameter ( 600 ) from a remote transmitter. A base sequence index (BSI) and a cyclic shift hopping (CSH) parameter ( 604,606 ) are determined in response to the VCID. A pseudo-random sequence is selected in response to the BSI and CSH ( 610,612 ). A reference signal is generated using the selected pseudo-random sequence ( 614 ). | 1. A method of operating a wireless communication system, comprising:
receiving a signal from a base station; selecting a cell-specific parameter in response to a first state of the signal; selecting a user-specific parameter in response to a second state of the signal; and transmitting an uplink reference signal in response to the selected parameter. 2. A method as in claim 1, wherein the user-specific parameter is a virtual cell identification parameter. 3. A method as in claim 2, comprising:
initializing a first pseudo-random sequence generator for generating a base sequence with the virtual cell identification parameter; initializing a second pseudo-random sequence generator for generating a cyclic shift hopping sequence with the virtual cell identification parameter; and transmitting the uplink reference signal generated from the base sequence and the cyclic shift hopping sequence. 4. A method as in claim 1, wherein the cell-specific parameter is common to a cell served by the base station. 5. A method as in claim 1, comprising transmitting the reference signal on a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH). 6. A method as in claim 1, wherein the reference signal is a sounding reference signal (SRS). 7. A method as in claim 1, comprising:
configuring a user equipment with dedicated user-specific uplink control resource allocation parameters for determining an uplink control region for transmitting channel state information reports; and determining the uplink control region for transmitting scheduling requests and Hybrid Auto Repeat Request (HARQ) acknowledgement reports. 8. A method as in claim 1, comprising determining a resource block for transmitting uplink control information on an uplink control channel. 9. A method as in claim 8, wherein the uplink control information is one of a Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request acknowledgement (HARQ-ACK), a Channel State Information report, and a Scheduling Request. 10. A method as in claim 9, wherein the HARQ-ACK is in response to one of a prior control signal scheduling downlink data transmission and a semi-persistently scheduled downlink data transmission. 11. A method as in claim 1, comprising configuring a user equipment with dedicated sounding reference signal (SRS) resource allocation parameters to determine time-frequency resources for transmitting a sounding reference signal. 12. A method as in claim 11, wherein said SRS resource allocation parameters include one or more of SRS bandwidth configuration, SRS subframe configuration, an indication of whether simultaneous transmission of Hybrid Auto Repeat Request acknowledgement and SRS is permitted within a subframe, and a number of resources allocated for transmitting random access preambles. 13. A method of operating a wireless communicating system comprising:
transmitting uplink control information from a second base station to a first base station; and determining uplink control resources for a user equipment (UE) in a cell served by the first base station in response to the uplink control information. 14. A method as in claim 13, wherein the first base station requests uplink control configuration parameters for the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) region of a cell served by the second base station, wherein the second base station transmits the requested uplink control configuration parameters, and wherein the first base station determines a dedicated uplink control region for the UE. 15. A method as in claim 13, wherein the second base station transmits a preferred target PUCCH resource configuration to the first base station for determining a PUCCH region in a cell controlled by the first base station. 16. A method as in claim 13, wherein the uplink control information is transmitted on an X2 logical interface. 17. A method of operating a wireless communication system, comprising the steps of:
transmitting at least two uplink transmit power control commands from a network to a user equipment; receiving a first uplink transmit power control command for transmitting uplink control information and/or a sounding reference signal to a first base station; receiving a second uplink transmit power control command for transmitting a sounding reference signal to a second base station; 18. A method as in claim 17, comprising:
determining at least two indices in a group power control command received in a detected downlink control information format, wherein a first index indicates a transmit power control command for transmitting uplink control information and/or a sounding reference signal to a first base station, and wherein a second index indicates a transmit power control command for transmitting a sounding reference signal to a second base station. 19. A method as in claim 17, comprising:
requesting by a first base station a cell-common sounding reference signal (SRS) configuration of a cell controlled by a second base station; and transmitting by the second base station the cell-common SRS configuration to the first base station. 20. A method as in claim 19, wherein the SRS configuration includes one of an SRS bandwidth configuration, an SRS subframe configuration, and a parameter that defines a maximum uplink region of a subframe in a time division duplex (TDD) system. | A method of operating a wireless communication system is disclosed (FIG. 6 ). The method includes receiving a virtual cell identification (VCID) parameter ( 600 ) from a remote transmitter. A base sequence index (BSI) and a cyclic shift hopping (CSH) parameter ( 604,606 ) are determined in response to the VCID. A pseudo-random sequence is selected in response to the BSI and CSH ( 610,612 ). A reference signal is generated using the selected pseudo-random sequence ( 614 ).1. A method of operating a wireless communication system, comprising:
receiving a signal from a base station; selecting a cell-specific parameter in response to a first state of the signal; selecting a user-specific parameter in response to a second state of the signal; and transmitting an uplink reference signal in response to the selected parameter. 2. A method as in claim 1, wherein the user-specific parameter is a virtual cell identification parameter. 3. A method as in claim 2, comprising:
initializing a first pseudo-random sequence generator for generating a base sequence with the virtual cell identification parameter; initializing a second pseudo-random sequence generator for generating a cyclic shift hopping sequence with the virtual cell identification parameter; and transmitting the uplink reference signal generated from the base sequence and the cyclic shift hopping sequence. 4. A method as in claim 1, wherein the cell-specific parameter is common to a cell served by the base station. 5. A method as in claim 1, comprising transmitting the reference signal on a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH). 6. A method as in claim 1, wherein the reference signal is a sounding reference signal (SRS). 7. A method as in claim 1, comprising:
configuring a user equipment with dedicated user-specific uplink control resource allocation parameters for determining an uplink control region for transmitting channel state information reports; and determining the uplink control region for transmitting scheduling requests and Hybrid Auto Repeat Request (HARQ) acknowledgement reports. 8. A method as in claim 1, comprising determining a resource block for transmitting uplink control information on an uplink control channel. 9. A method as in claim 8, wherein the uplink control information is one of a Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request acknowledgement (HARQ-ACK), a Channel State Information report, and a Scheduling Request. 10. A method as in claim 9, wherein the HARQ-ACK is in response to one of a prior control signal scheduling downlink data transmission and a semi-persistently scheduled downlink data transmission. 11. A method as in claim 1, comprising configuring a user equipment with dedicated sounding reference signal (SRS) resource allocation parameters to determine time-frequency resources for transmitting a sounding reference signal. 12. A method as in claim 11, wherein said SRS resource allocation parameters include one or more of SRS bandwidth configuration, SRS subframe configuration, an indication of whether simultaneous transmission of Hybrid Auto Repeat Request acknowledgement and SRS is permitted within a subframe, and a number of resources allocated for transmitting random access preambles. 13. A method of operating a wireless communicating system comprising:
transmitting uplink control information from a second base station to a first base station; and determining uplink control resources for a user equipment (UE) in a cell served by the first base station in response to the uplink control information. 14. A method as in claim 13, wherein the first base station requests uplink control configuration parameters for the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) region of a cell served by the second base station, wherein the second base station transmits the requested uplink control configuration parameters, and wherein the first base station determines a dedicated uplink control region for the UE. 15. A method as in claim 13, wherein the second base station transmits a preferred target PUCCH resource configuration to the first base station for determining a PUCCH region in a cell controlled by the first base station. 16. A method as in claim 13, wherein the uplink control information is transmitted on an X2 logical interface. 17. A method of operating a wireless communication system, comprising the steps of:
transmitting at least two uplink transmit power control commands from a network to a user equipment; receiving a first uplink transmit power control command for transmitting uplink control information and/or a sounding reference signal to a first base station; receiving a second uplink transmit power control command for transmitting a sounding reference signal to a second base station; 18. A method as in claim 17, comprising:
determining at least two indices in a group power control command received in a detected downlink control information format, wherein a first index indicates a transmit power control command for transmitting uplink control information and/or a sounding reference signal to a first base station, and wherein a second index indicates a transmit power control command for transmitting a sounding reference signal to a second base station. 19. A method as in claim 17, comprising:
requesting by a first base station a cell-common sounding reference signal (SRS) configuration of a cell controlled by a second base station; and transmitting by the second base station the cell-common SRS configuration to the first base station. 20. A method as in claim 19, wherein the SRS configuration includes one of an SRS bandwidth configuration, an SRS subframe configuration, and a parameter that defines a maximum uplink region of a subframe in a time division duplex (TDD) system. | 2,400 |
6,824 | 6,824 | 13,984,063 | 2,413 | The present invention relates to a terminal for the broadband transmission of video, audio or data signals in a domestic environment. It applies more specifically in the scope of terminals operating according to the standard IEEE 802.11 n and employing simultaneously several frequency channels in a predetermined band of frequencies, for example the 5 GHz WiFi band. The terminal comprises M antennas, a MIMO device able to generate MIMO signals in said predetermined frequency band from baseband signals or conversely, said MEMO device being able to process N MIMO signals simultaneously, and a switching device to connect the MIMO device to the M antennas. According to the invention, the NINO device comprises two MIMO circuits, one operating in a first sub-band of the predetermined band and the other in a second sub-band of the predetermined band, the two sub bands being non-overlapping and the switching device is adapted to connect said two MIMO circuits to the antennas so that each of said M antennas is able to receive or transmit one of the MIMO signals of the first MIMO circuit and to receive or transmit one of the MIMO signals of the second MIMO circuit simultaneously. The switching device also comprises a filtering device associated with each antenna in order to isolate, in reception, the MIMO signal of the first sub-band of the MIMO signal from the second sub-band received or transmitted by said antenna. | 1) A wireless communication terminal able to simultaneously transmit and/or receive signals in a predetermined band of frequencies, comprising:
a MIMO device able to generate N MIMO signals in said predetermined frequency band from n signals in baseband or to generate n signals in baseband from N MIMO signals in said predetermined frequency band, with N>n≧2, M antennas to receive and/or transmit the N MIMO signals with M≧N/2, and a switching device to connect the NINO device to the M antennas, characterized in that the MIMO device comprises a first MIMO circuit able to generate, from a baseband signal, N1 MIMO signals in a first sub-band of said predetermined frequency band or to generate, from N1 MIMO signals in said first sub-band, a baseband signal, and a second MIMO circuit able to generate, from a baseband signal, N2 MIMO signals in a second sub-band of said predetermined frequency band or to generate from N2 MIMO signals in said first sub-band, a baseband signal, with N1+N2=N, said first and second sub-bands being non-overlapping, and in that the switching device comprises first and second channels adapted to connect said first and second MIMO channels to the antennas in such a way that each of said M antennas is able to receive or transmit one of the N1 MIMO signals of the first MIMO circuit and to receive or transmit one of the N2 MIMO signals of the second MIMO circuit simultaneously and also comprises a filtering device associated with each antenna comprising the first and the second channels in order to isolate the MIMO signal from the first sub-band of the MIMO signal of the second sub-band both received or transmitted by said antenna. 2) The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined frequency band corresponds to the 5 GHz WiFi band. 3) The terminal according to claim 2, wherein the first sub-band is the band [4.9 GHz, 5.35 GHz] and the second sub-band is the band [5.47 GHz, 5.875 GHz]. 4) The terminal according to claim 1 wherein the antennas are single access antennas and the filtering device associated with each antenna is a diplexer 5) The terminal according to claim 1 wherein the switching device comprises first and second switching circuits in order to connect respectively the first and second MIMO circuits to the filtering device associated with each antenna. 6) The terminal according to claim 5 wherein the switching device also comprises a front-end module mounted between said first and second switching circuits and the filtering device associated with each antenna in order to amplify the MIMO signals from the antennas and/or the MIMO signals from the first and second MIMO circuits. 7) The terminal according to claim 5 wherein the switching circuit also comprises N1 band-pass filters, mounted between the first MIMO circuit and the first switching circuit, each having a bandwidth noticeably corresponding to the first band-pass in order to filter MIMO signals intended for or coming from the first MIMO circuit and/or N2 band-pass filters, mounted between the second MIMO circuit and the second switching circuit, having a bandwidth noticeably corresponding to the second band-pass in order to filter the MIMO signals intended for or coming from the second MIMO circuit. 8) The terminal according to claim 5 wherein the switching device also comprises amplification means mounted between the first and second MIMO circuits and the first and second switching circuits to amplify the MIMO signals coming from first and second NINO circuits. 9) The terminal according to claim 5 wherein the switching device also comprises amplification means mounted between the first and second MIMO circuits and the first and second switching circuits to amplify the MIMO signals coming from first and second switching circuits 10) The terminal according to claim 1 wherein the antennas are directive antennas each covering a specific angular sector, the M antennas together covering preferably a 360° angular sector. | The present invention relates to a terminal for the broadband transmission of video, audio or data signals in a domestic environment. It applies more specifically in the scope of terminals operating according to the standard IEEE 802.11 n and employing simultaneously several frequency channels in a predetermined band of frequencies, for example the 5 GHz WiFi band. The terminal comprises M antennas, a MIMO device able to generate MIMO signals in said predetermined frequency band from baseband signals or conversely, said MEMO device being able to process N MIMO signals simultaneously, and a switching device to connect the MIMO device to the M antennas. According to the invention, the NINO device comprises two MIMO circuits, one operating in a first sub-band of the predetermined band and the other in a second sub-band of the predetermined band, the two sub bands being non-overlapping and the switching device is adapted to connect said two MIMO circuits to the antennas so that each of said M antennas is able to receive or transmit one of the MIMO signals of the first MIMO circuit and to receive or transmit one of the MIMO signals of the second MIMO circuit simultaneously. The switching device also comprises a filtering device associated with each antenna in order to isolate, in reception, the MIMO signal of the first sub-band of the MIMO signal from the second sub-band received or transmitted by said antenna.1) A wireless communication terminal able to simultaneously transmit and/or receive signals in a predetermined band of frequencies, comprising:
a MIMO device able to generate N MIMO signals in said predetermined frequency band from n signals in baseband or to generate n signals in baseband from N MIMO signals in said predetermined frequency band, with N>n≧2, M antennas to receive and/or transmit the N MIMO signals with M≧N/2, and a switching device to connect the NINO device to the M antennas, characterized in that the MIMO device comprises a first MIMO circuit able to generate, from a baseband signal, N1 MIMO signals in a first sub-band of said predetermined frequency band or to generate, from N1 MIMO signals in said first sub-band, a baseband signal, and a second MIMO circuit able to generate, from a baseband signal, N2 MIMO signals in a second sub-band of said predetermined frequency band or to generate from N2 MIMO signals in said first sub-band, a baseband signal, with N1+N2=N, said first and second sub-bands being non-overlapping, and in that the switching device comprises first and second channels adapted to connect said first and second MIMO channels to the antennas in such a way that each of said M antennas is able to receive or transmit one of the N1 MIMO signals of the first MIMO circuit and to receive or transmit one of the N2 MIMO signals of the second MIMO circuit simultaneously and also comprises a filtering device associated with each antenna comprising the first and the second channels in order to isolate the MIMO signal from the first sub-band of the MIMO signal of the second sub-band both received or transmitted by said antenna. 2) The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined frequency band corresponds to the 5 GHz WiFi band. 3) The terminal according to claim 2, wherein the first sub-band is the band [4.9 GHz, 5.35 GHz] and the second sub-band is the band [5.47 GHz, 5.875 GHz]. 4) The terminal according to claim 1 wherein the antennas are single access antennas and the filtering device associated with each antenna is a diplexer 5) The terminal according to claim 1 wherein the switching device comprises first and second switching circuits in order to connect respectively the first and second MIMO circuits to the filtering device associated with each antenna. 6) The terminal according to claim 5 wherein the switching device also comprises a front-end module mounted between said first and second switching circuits and the filtering device associated with each antenna in order to amplify the MIMO signals from the antennas and/or the MIMO signals from the first and second MIMO circuits. 7) The terminal according to claim 5 wherein the switching circuit also comprises N1 band-pass filters, mounted between the first MIMO circuit and the first switching circuit, each having a bandwidth noticeably corresponding to the first band-pass in order to filter MIMO signals intended for or coming from the first MIMO circuit and/or N2 band-pass filters, mounted between the second MIMO circuit and the second switching circuit, having a bandwidth noticeably corresponding to the second band-pass in order to filter the MIMO signals intended for or coming from the second MIMO circuit. 8) The terminal according to claim 5 wherein the switching device also comprises amplification means mounted between the first and second MIMO circuits and the first and second switching circuits to amplify the MIMO signals coming from first and second NINO circuits. 9) The terminal according to claim 5 wherein the switching device also comprises amplification means mounted between the first and second MIMO circuits and the first and second switching circuits to amplify the MIMO signals coming from first and second switching circuits 10) The terminal according to claim 1 wherein the antennas are directive antennas each covering a specific angular sector, the M antennas together covering preferably a 360° angular sector. | 2,400 |
6,825 | 6,825 | 13,699,310 | 2,421 | A mobile content distribution system in an airplane, a train, or a bus is capable of determining if a mobile content distribution system is within an area authorized for the mobile content distribution system to receive content from a wireless service provider and displaying channels from the wireless service provider accordingly. If the system is not within the authorized area, the system displays a program guide including channels from locally stored content but no channel from the wireless service provider. If the system is within the authorized area and a user indicates live wireless program guide information is needed, the system acquires the live wireless program guide information and displays the program guide includes channels from the locally stored content and channels from the wireless service provider. | 1. A method for use in a mobile content distribution system, said system having content stored locally and capable of receiving content wirelessly from a wireless service provider, comprising steps of:
determining if said system is within an area authorized to receive content from a first wireless service provider; if said system is not within said authorized area, enabling display of a program guide including channels from said locally stored content but no channel from said first wireless service provider; and if said mobile system is within an area authorized to receive content from said first wireless service provider, the method further comprising steps of: determining if a user signal has been received for receiving live wireless program guide information from said first wireless service provider; and if said user signal has been received, acquiring said live wireless program guide information and enabling display of said program guide including channels from said locally stored content and channels from said first wireless service provider included in said live wireless program guide information. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of if said user signal has not been received, enabling display of said program guide including channels from said locally stored content but no channel from said first wireless service provider. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of inquiring whether said user wants said live wireless program guide information. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein said inquiring step is performed when said system moves from outside of said authorized area to inside of said authorized area of said first wireless service provider. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of inquiring comprises a step of displaying an on-screen display including a button for said user to provide said user signal. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein said system comprises a receiver and said receiver is tuning to a first channel, and said step of acquiring said live wireless program information further comprises a step of tuning to a predefined wireless channel for acquiring said live wireless program guide information. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising a step of tuning back to said first channel, after said live wireless program guide information from that predefined channel has been acquired. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising a step of warning said user that services from said first channel will be interrupted before tuning said predefined satellite channel. 9. The method of claim 6, further comprising a step of if said user signal has been received, rebooting said receiver. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of storing a first copy of first program guide information for said first wireless service provider when the system moves from inside of said authorized area to outside of said authorized area. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising a step of if said user signal has not been received, enabling display of said program guide including channels from said locally stored content and wireless channels in said first program guide information. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising steps of:
checking an indicator stored in a memory indicating whether a first wireless channel in said first wireless service provider is allowed to be displayed in said program guide; and if said indicator indicates that said first satellite channel is not allowed to be displayed, excluding said first satellite channel from said program guide. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein said user signal determining step determines that said user signal has been received if said user signal is a request for viewing said program guide. 14. A mobile content distribution system comprising:
a system controller determining if said system is within an area authorized to receive content from a wireless service provider; a storage media storing local content; and a program guide interpreter acquiring program guide information for said local content and program guide information from said wireless service provider; a content enforcer controlling display of a program guide, wherein if said system controller determines that said system is not within said authorized area, said content enforcer enables display of said program guide including channels from said local content but no channel from said wireless service provider, and if said system controller determines that said system is within said authorized area, said content enforcer determines if a user signal has been received for receiving live wireless program guide information from said wireless service provider, and if said user signal has been received, said program guide interpreter acquires said live wireless program guide information and said content enforcer enables display of said program guide including channels from said local content and channels included in said live wireless program guide information. 15. The mobile content distribution system of claim 14, wherein if said user signal has not been received, said content enforcer enables display of said program guide including channels from said local content but no channel from said wireless service provider. 16. The mobile content distribution system of claim 14, wherein said content enforcer enables display of a message inquiring a user whether said user wants said live wireless program guide information before said program guide interpreter acquires said live wireless program guide information. 17. The mobile content distribution system of claim 16, wherein said content enforcer enables display of said message when said mobile content distribution system moves from outside of said authorized area to inside of said authorized area of said wireless service provider. 18. The mobile content distribution system of claim 16, wherein said content enforcer enables display of said message on an on-screen display including a button for said user to provide said user signal. 19. The mobile content distribution system of claim 14, further comprises a logical tuner and is tuning to a first channel wherein said logical tuner tunes to a predefined wireless channel, so that said program guide interpreter acquires said live wireless program guide information. 20. The mobile content distribution system of claim 19, wherein said logical tuner tunes back to said first channel after said program guide interpreter has acquired said live wireless program guide information. 21. The mobile content distribution system of claim 20, wherein said content enforcer enables display of a warning indicating that services from said first channel will be interrupted before said logical tuner tunes to said predefined wireless channel. 22. The mobile content distribution system of claim 14, wherein said program guide interpreter stores a first copy of first program guide information for said wireless service provider when the system moves from inside of said authorized area to outside of said authorized area. 23. The mobile content distribution system of claim 22, wherein said content enforcer enables display of said program guide including channels from said local content and channels included in said first program guide information when said user signal has not been received. 24. The mobile content distribution system of claim 14, wherein said content enforcer checks an indicator stored in a memory indicating whether a first satellite channel in said wireless service provider is allowed to be displayed in said program guide, and if said indicator indicates that said first satellite channel is not allowed to be displayed, said content enforcer excludes said first satellite channel from said program guide in said display. 25. The mobile content distribution system of claim 14, wherein when said content enforcer receives a request for said user for viewing said program guide, said content enforcer determines that said user signal has been received. 26-37. (canceled) | A mobile content distribution system in an airplane, a train, or a bus is capable of determining if a mobile content distribution system is within an area authorized for the mobile content distribution system to receive content from a wireless service provider and displaying channels from the wireless service provider accordingly. If the system is not within the authorized area, the system displays a program guide including channels from locally stored content but no channel from the wireless service provider. If the system is within the authorized area and a user indicates live wireless program guide information is needed, the system acquires the live wireless program guide information and displays the program guide includes channels from the locally stored content and channels from the wireless service provider.1. A method for use in a mobile content distribution system, said system having content stored locally and capable of receiving content wirelessly from a wireless service provider, comprising steps of:
determining if said system is within an area authorized to receive content from a first wireless service provider; if said system is not within said authorized area, enabling display of a program guide including channels from said locally stored content but no channel from said first wireless service provider; and if said mobile system is within an area authorized to receive content from said first wireless service provider, the method further comprising steps of: determining if a user signal has been received for receiving live wireless program guide information from said first wireless service provider; and if said user signal has been received, acquiring said live wireless program guide information and enabling display of said program guide including channels from said locally stored content and channels from said first wireless service provider included in said live wireless program guide information. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of if said user signal has not been received, enabling display of said program guide including channels from said locally stored content but no channel from said first wireless service provider. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of inquiring whether said user wants said live wireless program guide information. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein said inquiring step is performed when said system moves from outside of said authorized area to inside of said authorized area of said first wireless service provider. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of inquiring comprises a step of displaying an on-screen display including a button for said user to provide said user signal. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein said system comprises a receiver and said receiver is tuning to a first channel, and said step of acquiring said live wireless program information further comprises a step of tuning to a predefined wireless channel for acquiring said live wireless program guide information. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising a step of tuning back to said first channel, after said live wireless program guide information from that predefined channel has been acquired. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising a step of warning said user that services from said first channel will be interrupted before tuning said predefined satellite channel. 9. The method of claim 6, further comprising a step of if said user signal has been received, rebooting said receiver. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of storing a first copy of first program guide information for said first wireless service provider when the system moves from inside of said authorized area to outside of said authorized area. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising a step of if said user signal has not been received, enabling display of said program guide including channels from said locally stored content and wireless channels in said first program guide information. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising steps of:
checking an indicator stored in a memory indicating whether a first wireless channel in said first wireless service provider is allowed to be displayed in said program guide; and if said indicator indicates that said first satellite channel is not allowed to be displayed, excluding said first satellite channel from said program guide. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein said user signal determining step determines that said user signal has been received if said user signal is a request for viewing said program guide. 14. A mobile content distribution system comprising:
a system controller determining if said system is within an area authorized to receive content from a wireless service provider; a storage media storing local content; and a program guide interpreter acquiring program guide information for said local content and program guide information from said wireless service provider; a content enforcer controlling display of a program guide, wherein if said system controller determines that said system is not within said authorized area, said content enforcer enables display of said program guide including channels from said local content but no channel from said wireless service provider, and if said system controller determines that said system is within said authorized area, said content enforcer determines if a user signal has been received for receiving live wireless program guide information from said wireless service provider, and if said user signal has been received, said program guide interpreter acquires said live wireless program guide information and said content enforcer enables display of said program guide including channels from said local content and channels included in said live wireless program guide information. 15. The mobile content distribution system of claim 14, wherein if said user signal has not been received, said content enforcer enables display of said program guide including channels from said local content but no channel from said wireless service provider. 16. The mobile content distribution system of claim 14, wherein said content enforcer enables display of a message inquiring a user whether said user wants said live wireless program guide information before said program guide interpreter acquires said live wireless program guide information. 17. The mobile content distribution system of claim 16, wherein said content enforcer enables display of said message when said mobile content distribution system moves from outside of said authorized area to inside of said authorized area of said wireless service provider. 18. The mobile content distribution system of claim 16, wherein said content enforcer enables display of said message on an on-screen display including a button for said user to provide said user signal. 19. The mobile content distribution system of claim 14, further comprises a logical tuner and is tuning to a first channel wherein said logical tuner tunes to a predefined wireless channel, so that said program guide interpreter acquires said live wireless program guide information. 20. The mobile content distribution system of claim 19, wherein said logical tuner tunes back to said first channel after said program guide interpreter has acquired said live wireless program guide information. 21. The mobile content distribution system of claim 20, wherein said content enforcer enables display of a warning indicating that services from said first channel will be interrupted before said logical tuner tunes to said predefined wireless channel. 22. The mobile content distribution system of claim 14, wherein said program guide interpreter stores a first copy of first program guide information for said wireless service provider when the system moves from inside of said authorized area to outside of said authorized area. 23. The mobile content distribution system of claim 22, wherein said content enforcer enables display of said program guide including channels from said local content and channels included in said first program guide information when said user signal has not been received. 24. The mobile content distribution system of claim 14, wherein said content enforcer checks an indicator stored in a memory indicating whether a first satellite channel in said wireless service provider is allowed to be displayed in said program guide, and if said indicator indicates that said first satellite channel is not allowed to be displayed, said content enforcer excludes said first satellite channel from said program guide in said display. 25. The mobile content distribution system of claim 14, wherein when said content enforcer receives a request for said user for viewing said program guide, said content enforcer determines that said user signal has been received. 26-37. (canceled) | 2,400 |
6,826 | 6,826 | 15,179,765 | 2,421 | A method for managing content, within a video-on-demand system, which includes receiving, at a first content source, a request for content. The method also includes determining that the content is not available from the first content source. The method also includes determining that a second content source cost to retrieve the content from a second content source is less than a third content source cost to retrieve the content from a third content source. The costs are determined based on a network impact to fetch the content to the first content source. The method also includes in response to determining that the second content source cost is less than the third content source cost, fetching the content from the second content source. The first content source, the second content source, and the third content source each maintain a different subset of content available from a master content source. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving, by a processing apparatus at a first content source, a request for content; determining that the content is not available from the first content source; determining that a second content source cost associated with retrieving the content from a second content source is less than a third content source cost associated with retrieving the content from a third content source, wherein the second content source cost and the third content source cost are determined based on a network impact to fetch the content to the first content source; and in response to determining that the second content source cost is less than the third content source cost, fetching, to the first content source, the content from the second content source, wherein the first content source, the second content source, and the third content source each maintain a different subset of content available from a master content source. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that there is not sufficient memory to cache the content at the first content source; and selecting one or more items to evict from a cache at the first content source to make available sufficient memory for the content, wherein the selection of the one or more items to evict minimizes a network penalty associated with the eviction of the one or more items, wherein the network penalty is based on sizes of the content and the items, and numbers of requests expected to be received for the content and the items. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the second content source cost is based on traffic which is predicted to occur over a link to the second content source, and wherein the third content source cost is based on traffic which is predicted to occur over a link to the third content source. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first content source comprises a first server, the second content source comprises a second server, the third content source comprises a third server, and the master content source comprises a master server. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the second content source cost and the third content source cost are based on a number of items simultaneously transferred over a network link. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the second content source cost and the third content source cost are further based on using historical traffic data to predict traffic for a target fetch time for the content. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the second content source cost and the third content source cost are based on predicted traffic for one or more specific time intervals during a day, and wherein the predicted traffic is based on an analysis of repetitive traffic patterns. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first content source is a first video home office (VHO), the second content source is a second VHO, and the third content source is a third VHO, wherein the master content source is a video service office (VSO). 9. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by a processing apparatus, cause the processing apparatus to perform operations comprising:
receiving, by the processing apparatus, a request for content to be delivered from a first content source; determining that the content is not available from the first content source; determining that a second content source cost associated with retrieving the content from a second content source is less than a third content source cost associated with retrieving the content from a third content source, wherein the second content source cost and the third content source cost are determined based on a network impact to fetch the content to the first content source; and in response to determining that the second content source cost is less than the third content source cost, fetching, by the first content source, the content from the second content source, wherein the first content source, the second content source, and the third content source each maintain a different subset of content available from a master content source. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining that there is not sufficient memory to cache the content at the first content source; and selecting one or more items to evict from a cache at the first content source to make available sufficient memory for the content, wherein the selection of the items minimizes a network penalty associated with the eviction of the items, wherein the network penalty is based on sizes of the content and the items, numbers of requests expected to be received for the content and the items, and fetch costs associated with retrieving the content and the items, wherein each of the fetch costs is based on a sum of link weights of links in a network path for fetching each of the content and the items, and wherein each of the link weights is based on traffic predicted on a link in the links of the network path. 11. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining a stream cost associated with streaming, from a content source other than the first content source, the content to fulfill the request for the content; and in response to determining that the stream cost is less than a cost to cache the content to the first content source, streaming the content from the second content source. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the second content source cost is based on traffic which is predicted to occur over a most utilized link to the second content source, and wherein the third content source cost is based on traffic which is predicted to occur over a most utilized link to the third content source. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the second content source cost and the third content source cost are based on historical traffic data. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the second content source cost and the third content source cost are based on a number of items simultaneously transferred over a network link. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the second content source cost and the third content source cost are based on predicted traffic for one or more specific time intervals during a day, and wherein the predicted traffic is based on an analysis of repetitive traffic patterns. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the first content source is a first distributed storage component, the second content source is a second distributed storage component, and the third content source is a third distributed storage component, wherein the master content source is a central repository. 17. A system for a first server comprising:
a storage; and a processing apparatus, coupled to the storage, to:
receive a request for content from a client device;
determine that the content is not stored by the storage;
determine that a second server cost associated with retrieving the content from a second server is less than a third server cost associated with retrieving the content from a third server, wherein the second server cost and the third server cost are determined based on a network impact to fetch the content to the first server; and
in response to determining that the second server cost is less than the third server cost, fetching, by the first server, the content from the second server, wherein the first server, the second server, and the third server each maintain a different subset of content available from a master server. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the processing apparatus is further to:
determine that the storage is insufficient to cache the content at the first server; and select one or more items to evict from a cache at the first server to make available sufficient space on the storage for the content, wherein the selection of the items minimizes a network penalty associated with the eviction of the items, wherein the network penalty is based on sizes of the content and the items, numbers of requests expected to be received for the content and the items, and fetch costs associated with retrieving the content and the items, wherein each of the fetch costs is based on a sum of link weights of links in a network path for fetching each of the content and the items, and wherein each of the link weights is based on traffic predicted on a link in the links of the network path. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the processing apparatus is further to:
determine a stream cost associated with streaming, from a server other than the first server, the content to fulfill the request for the content; and in response to determining that the stream cost is less than a cost to cache the content to the first server, streaming the content to fulfill the request for the content. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the second server cost and the third server cost are based on historical traffic data and predicted traffic. | A method for managing content, within a video-on-demand system, which includes receiving, at a first content source, a request for content. The method also includes determining that the content is not available from the first content source. The method also includes determining that a second content source cost to retrieve the content from a second content source is less than a third content source cost to retrieve the content from a third content source. The costs are determined based on a network impact to fetch the content to the first content source. The method also includes in response to determining that the second content source cost is less than the third content source cost, fetching the content from the second content source. The first content source, the second content source, and the third content source each maintain a different subset of content available from a master content source.1. A method comprising:
receiving, by a processing apparatus at a first content source, a request for content; determining that the content is not available from the first content source; determining that a second content source cost associated with retrieving the content from a second content source is less than a third content source cost associated with retrieving the content from a third content source, wherein the second content source cost and the third content source cost are determined based on a network impact to fetch the content to the first content source; and in response to determining that the second content source cost is less than the third content source cost, fetching, to the first content source, the content from the second content source, wherein the first content source, the second content source, and the third content source each maintain a different subset of content available from a master content source. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that there is not sufficient memory to cache the content at the first content source; and selecting one or more items to evict from a cache at the first content source to make available sufficient memory for the content, wherein the selection of the one or more items to evict minimizes a network penalty associated with the eviction of the one or more items, wherein the network penalty is based on sizes of the content and the items, and numbers of requests expected to be received for the content and the items. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the second content source cost is based on traffic which is predicted to occur over a link to the second content source, and wherein the third content source cost is based on traffic which is predicted to occur over a link to the third content source. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first content source comprises a first server, the second content source comprises a second server, the third content source comprises a third server, and the master content source comprises a master server. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the second content source cost and the third content source cost are based on a number of items simultaneously transferred over a network link. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the second content source cost and the third content source cost are further based on using historical traffic data to predict traffic for a target fetch time for the content. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the second content source cost and the third content source cost are based on predicted traffic for one or more specific time intervals during a day, and wherein the predicted traffic is based on an analysis of repetitive traffic patterns. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first content source is a first video home office (VHO), the second content source is a second VHO, and the third content source is a third VHO, wherein the master content source is a video service office (VSO). 9. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by a processing apparatus, cause the processing apparatus to perform operations comprising:
receiving, by the processing apparatus, a request for content to be delivered from a first content source; determining that the content is not available from the first content source; determining that a second content source cost associated with retrieving the content from a second content source is less than a third content source cost associated with retrieving the content from a third content source, wherein the second content source cost and the third content source cost are determined based on a network impact to fetch the content to the first content source; and in response to determining that the second content source cost is less than the third content source cost, fetching, by the first content source, the content from the second content source, wherein the first content source, the second content source, and the third content source each maintain a different subset of content available from a master content source. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining that there is not sufficient memory to cache the content at the first content source; and selecting one or more items to evict from a cache at the first content source to make available sufficient memory for the content, wherein the selection of the items minimizes a network penalty associated with the eviction of the items, wherein the network penalty is based on sizes of the content and the items, numbers of requests expected to be received for the content and the items, and fetch costs associated with retrieving the content and the items, wherein each of the fetch costs is based on a sum of link weights of links in a network path for fetching each of the content and the items, and wherein each of the link weights is based on traffic predicted on a link in the links of the network path. 11. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining a stream cost associated with streaming, from a content source other than the first content source, the content to fulfill the request for the content; and in response to determining that the stream cost is less than a cost to cache the content to the first content source, streaming the content from the second content source. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the second content source cost is based on traffic which is predicted to occur over a most utilized link to the second content source, and wherein the third content source cost is based on traffic which is predicted to occur over a most utilized link to the third content source. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the second content source cost and the third content source cost are based on historical traffic data. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the second content source cost and the third content source cost are based on a number of items simultaneously transferred over a network link. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the second content source cost and the third content source cost are based on predicted traffic for one or more specific time intervals during a day, and wherein the predicted traffic is based on an analysis of repetitive traffic patterns. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the first content source is a first distributed storage component, the second content source is a second distributed storage component, and the third content source is a third distributed storage component, wherein the master content source is a central repository. 17. A system for a first server comprising:
a storage; and a processing apparatus, coupled to the storage, to:
receive a request for content from a client device;
determine that the content is not stored by the storage;
determine that a second server cost associated with retrieving the content from a second server is less than a third server cost associated with retrieving the content from a third server, wherein the second server cost and the third server cost are determined based on a network impact to fetch the content to the first server; and
in response to determining that the second server cost is less than the third server cost, fetching, by the first server, the content from the second server, wherein the first server, the second server, and the third server each maintain a different subset of content available from a master server. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the processing apparatus is further to:
determine that the storage is insufficient to cache the content at the first server; and select one or more items to evict from a cache at the first server to make available sufficient space on the storage for the content, wherein the selection of the items minimizes a network penalty associated with the eviction of the items, wherein the network penalty is based on sizes of the content and the items, numbers of requests expected to be received for the content and the items, and fetch costs associated with retrieving the content and the items, wherein each of the fetch costs is based on a sum of link weights of links in a network path for fetching each of the content and the items, and wherein each of the link weights is based on traffic predicted on a link in the links of the network path. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the processing apparatus is further to:
determine a stream cost associated with streaming, from a server other than the first server, the content to fulfill the request for the content; and in response to determining that the stream cost is less than a cost to cache the content to the first server, streaming the content to fulfill the request for the content. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the second server cost and the third server cost are based on historical traffic data and predicted traffic. | 2,400 |
6,827 | 6,827 | 14,873,627 | 2,434 | A system for detecting an advanced persistent threat (APT) attack on a private computer network includes hosts computers that receive network traffic and process the network traffic to identify an access event that indicates access to a critical asset of an organization that owns or maintains the private computer network. The critical asset may be a computer that stores confidential data of the organization. Access events may be stored in an event log as event data. Access events indicated in the event log may be correlated using a set of alert rules to identify an APT attack. | 1. A system for detecting an advanced persistent threat (APT) attack on a private computer network of an organization, the system comprising:
a plurality of hosts computers, the plurality of hosts computers receives network traffic over the private computer network, parses the network traffic to generate event data that indicate access to particular computers on the private computer network that store confidential data of the organization, and transmits the event data over the private computer network; and an APT detection server comprising one or more computers that receive the event data from the plurality of hosts computers, store the event data in an event log, and correlate data in the event log using a set of alert rules to detect an APT attack by identifying an anomalous access to one or more of the particular computers. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the set of alert rules comprises rules that identify the particular computers. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the particular computers are identified by IP addresses. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the set of alert rules comprises rules that indicate normal access times of the particular computers. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the set of alert rules comprises rules that indicate authorized users of the particular computers. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the set of alert rules comprises rules that indicate behavior profiles of the authorized users of the particular computers. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the APT detection server is on-premise within the private computer network. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the APT detection server receives the event data from the plurality of host computers over the Internet. 9. The system of claim 1, further comprising a gateway that receives the event data from the plurality of the host computers over the private computer network and forwards the event data to the APT detection server over the Internet. 10. A computer-implemented method of detecting an advanced persistent threat (APT) attack on a private computer network of an organization, the method comprising:
receiving network traffic in hosts computers on the private computer network; the hosts computers parsing the network traffic to generate event data that indicate access to particular computers on the private computer network that store confidential data of the organization; the host computers transmitting the event data to an APT detection server that comprises one or more computers; the APT detection server receiving the event data from the host computers, storing the event data in an event log, correlating data in the event log using a set of alert rules, and detecting an APT attack by identifying an anomalous access to one or more of the particular computers. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the set of alert rules comprises rules that identify the particular computers. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the particular computers are identified by IP addresses. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the set of alert rules comprises rules that indicate normal access times of the particular computers. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the set of alert rules comprises rules that indicate authorized users of the particular computers. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the set of alert rules comprises rules that indicate behavior profiles of the authorized users of the particular computers. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the APT detection server is on-premise within the private computer network and receives the event data from the hosts computers over the private computer network. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the APT detection server receives the event data from the host computers over the Internet. | A system for detecting an advanced persistent threat (APT) attack on a private computer network includes hosts computers that receive network traffic and process the network traffic to identify an access event that indicates access to a critical asset of an organization that owns or maintains the private computer network. The critical asset may be a computer that stores confidential data of the organization. Access events may be stored in an event log as event data. Access events indicated in the event log may be correlated using a set of alert rules to identify an APT attack.1. A system for detecting an advanced persistent threat (APT) attack on a private computer network of an organization, the system comprising:
a plurality of hosts computers, the plurality of hosts computers receives network traffic over the private computer network, parses the network traffic to generate event data that indicate access to particular computers on the private computer network that store confidential data of the organization, and transmits the event data over the private computer network; and an APT detection server comprising one or more computers that receive the event data from the plurality of hosts computers, store the event data in an event log, and correlate data in the event log using a set of alert rules to detect an APT attack by identifying an anomalous access to one or more of the particular computers. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the set of alert rules comprises rules that identify the particular computers. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the particular computers are identified by IP addresses. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the set of alert rules comprises rules that indicate normal access times of the particular computers. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the set of alert rules comprises rules that indicate authorized users of the particular computers. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the set of alert rules comprises rules that indicate behavior profiles of the authorized users of the particular computers. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the APT detection server is on-premise within the private computer network. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the APT detection server receives the event data from the plurality of host computers over the Internet. 9. The system of claim 1, further comprising a gateway that receives the event data from the plurality of the host computers over the private computer network and forwards the event data to the APT detection server over the Internet. 10. A computer-implemented method of detecting an advanced persistent threat (APT) attack on a private computer network of an organization, the method comprising:
receiving network traffic in hosts computers on the private computer network; the hosts computers parsing the network traffic to generate event data that indicate access to particular computers on the private computer network that store confidential data of the organization; the host computers transmitting the event data to an APT detection server that comprises one or more computers; the APT detection server receiving the event data from the host computers, storing the event data in an event log, correlating data in the event log using a set of alert rules, and detecting an APT attack by identifying an anomalous access to one or more of the particular computers. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the set of alert rules comprises rules that identify the particular computers. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the particular computers are identified by IP addresses. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the set of alert rules comprises rules that indicate normal access times of the particular computers. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the set of alert rules comprises rules that indicate authorized users of the particular computers. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the set of alert rules comprises rules that indicate behavior profiles of the authorized users of the particular computers. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the APT detection server is on-premise within the private computer network and receives the event data from the hosts computers over the private computer network. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the APT detection server receives the event data from the host computers over the Internet. | 2,400 |
6,828 | 6,828 | 14,385,979 | 2,471 | A method for transmitting uplink channel state information (CSI) in a coordinated multi-point (CoMP) system is provided, which includes coding and multiplexing operations. In a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system, a method for transmitting CSI of multiple coordinated points according to an embodiment of the present invention includes coding the CSI of the multiple coordinated points, modulating the coded CSI of the multiple coordinated points, and multiplexing the modulated CSI on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). Multiplexing a rank indicator (RI) in the CSI includes multiplexing different RIs for different uplink ranks, and multiplexing a channel quality indicator/precoding matrix indicator (CQI/PMI) in the CSI includes multiplexing the CQI/PMI in a code word with the highest modulation and coding order and in other code words. Therefore, an issue with the application of the CoMP technology that one user equipment (UE) transmits CSI of multiple coordinated points may be solved, which may facilitate a further development of the CoMP technology. | 1. A method for transmitting channel state information (CSI) of multiple coordinated points in a coordinated multi-Point (CoMP) system, the method comprising:
coding the CSI of the multiple coordinated points; modulating the coded CSI of the multiple coordinated points; and multiplexing the modulated CSI on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), wherein multiplexing a rank indicator (RI) in the CSI comprises multiplexing different RIs for different uplink ranks, and multiplexing a channel quality indicator/precoding matrix indicator (CQI/PMI) in the CSI comprises multiplexing the CQI/PMI in a code word with the highest modulation and coding order and in other code words. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the CSI of the multiple coordinated points is coded by one of a joint coding, separate coding and hybrid coding. 3. The method according to claim 2, when the CSI is multiplexed on the PUSCH, further comprising allocating the same or different resource offset parameters for the CSI after the separate coding or hybrid coding, the resource offset parameters being configured by upper-layer signaling. 4. The method according to claim 3 further comprising transmitting the CSI after the separate coding or hybrid coding in sub-frames continuously or in sub-frames at a predetermined interval, wherein the predetermined interval is set by the upper-layer signaling. 5. The method according to claim 3 further comprising transmitting the CSI after the separate coding or hybrid coding, connected in a predetermined order, in one sub-frame. 6. The method according to claim 5 further comprising indicating by the upper-layer signaling the start point of the coded CSI. 7. The method according to claim 2, wherein the hybrid coding comprises performing a joint coding for the CSI of the coordinated points in each joint coded group, wherein the number of the coordinated points in the joint coded group is designated by the upper-layer signaling. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein a beta value of the modulated CSI is adjusted when the CSI is mapped to a resource block, and the beta value is a parameter used for calculating the number of information units. 9. The method according to claim 1 further comprising defining indexes of the multiple coordinated points so as to differentiate the CSI of different coordinated points. 10. A method for transmitting channel state information (CSI) of multiple coordinated points in a coordinated multi-point (CoMP) system, the method comprising:
coding the CSI of the multiple coordinated points; modulating the coded CSI of the multiple coordinated points; and multiplexing the modulated CSI on a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), wherein multiplexing a rank indicator (RI) in the CSI comprises multiplexing different RIs for different uplink ranks. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein multiplexing a channel quality indicator/precoding matrix indicator (CQI/PMI) in the CSI comprises multiplexing the CQI/PMI in a code word with the highest modulation and coding order and in other code words. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the CSI of the multiple coordinated points is coded by one of a joint coding, separate coding and hybrid coding. 13. The method according to claim 12, when the CSI is multiplexed on the PUSCH, further comprising allocating the same or different resource offset parameters for the CSI after the separate coding or hybrid coding, the resource offset parameters being configured by upper-layer signaling. 14. The method according to claim 13 further comprising transmitting the CSI after the separate coding or hybrid coding in sub-frames continuously or in sub-frames at a predetermined interval, wherein the predetermined interval is set by the upper-layer signaling. 15. The method according to claim 13 further comprising transmitting the CSI after the separate coding or hybrid coding, connected in a predetermined order, in one sub-frame. 16. The method according to claim 15 further comprising indicating by the upper-layer signaling the start point of the coded CQI/PMI. 17. The method according to claim 12, wherein the hybrid coding comprises performing a joint coding for the CSI of the coordinated points in each joint coded group, wherein the number of the coordinated points in the joint coded group is designated by the upper-layer signaling. 18. The method according to claim 10, wherein a beta value of the modulated CSI is adjusted when the CSI is mapped to a resource block, and the beta value is a parameter used for calculating the number of information units. 19. The method according to claim 10 further comprising defining indexes of the multiple coordinated points so as to differentiate the CSI of different coordinated points. 20. A method for transmitting channel state information (CSI) of multiple coordinated points in a coordinated multi-point (CoMP) system, the method comprising:
coding the CSI of the multiple coordinated points; modulating the coded CSI of the multiple coordinated points; and multiplexing the modulated CSI on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), wherein multiplexing a channel quality indicator/precoding matrix indicator (CQI/PMI) in the CSI comprises multiplexing the CQI/PMI in a code word with the highest modulation and coding order and in other code words. 21. The method according to claim 20, wherein multiplexing a rank indicator (RI) in the CSI comprises one of multiplexing different RIs for different uplink ranks, and repeatedly multiplexing the RI on all the uplink ranks. 22. The method according to claim 20, wherein the CSI of the multiple coordinated points is coded by one of a joint coding, separate coding or hybrid coding. 23. The method according to claim 22, when the CSI is multiplexed on the PUSCH, further comprising allocating the same or different resource offset parameters for the CSI after the separate coding or hybrid coding, the resource offset parameters being configured by upper-layer signaling. 24. The method according to claim 23 further comprising transmitting the CSI after the separate coding or hybrid coding in sub-frames continuously or in sub-frames at a predetermined interval, wherein the predetermined interval is set by the upper-layer signaling. 25. The method according to claim 23 further comprising transmitting the CSI after the separate coding or hybrid coding, connected in a predetermined order, in one sub-frame. 26. The method according to claim 25 further comprising indicating by the upper-layer signaling the start point of the coded CQI/PMI. 27. The method according to claim 22, wherein the hybrid coding comprises performing a joint coding for the CSI of the coordinated points in each joint coded group, wherein the number of the coordinated points in the joint coded group is designated by the upper-layer signaling. 28. The method according to claim 20, wherein a beta value of the modulated CSI is adjusted when the CSI is mapped to a resource block, and the beta value is a parameter used for calculating the number of information units. 29. The method according to claim 20 further comprising defining indexes of the multiple coordinated points so as to differentiate the CSI of different coordinated points. 30. A method for coding channel state information (CSI) of multiple coordinated points in a coordinated multi-point (COMP) system, the method comprising:
determining an information bit number of the CSI of each coordinated point in the multiple coordinated points; arranging the determined information bit number of each coordinated point in a predetermined order to form an information bit sequence; and inputting the information bit sequence into a joint coder for joint coding. 31. The method according to claim 30, wherein the information bit number of the CSI of each coordinated point in the multiple coordinated points is determined according to a mode configuration of each coordinated point. 32. The method according to claim 30, wherein the joint coder comprises one of a Reed-Muller coder and a truncated convolutional coder. 33. The method according to claim 32, wherein for the RI in the CSI, when the bit number of the formed information bit sequence exceeds 11 bits, the joint coder comprises multiple connected Reed-Muller coders, and the information bit sequence is segmented and input into the multiple connected Reed-Muller coders. 34. The method according to claim 33, wherein the segmentation is implemented based on an equal bit number or a maximum limit of the input bit number of the Reed-Muller coder. 35. The method according to claim 32, wherein for the CQI/PMI in the CSI, when the bit number of the formed information bit sequence exceeds 11 bits, a truncated convolutional coder is used. 36. The method according to claim 30, wherein the multiple coordinated points belong to the same joint coded group, and the number of the coordinated points in the joint coded group is designated by upper-layer signaling. 37. The method according to claim 30, wherein a beta value of the CSI after the joint coding is adjusted when the CSI is mapped to a resource block, and the beta value is a parameter used for calculating the number of information units. 38. A method for transmitting channel state information (CSI) of multiple coordinated points in a coordinated multi-Point (COMP) system, the method comprising:
performing a separate coding for the CSI of each coordinated point in the multiple coordinated points or in each joint coded group; modulating the coded CSI of the multiple coordinated points; and multiplexing the modulated CSI on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), wherein the method further comprises allocating the same or different resource offset parameters for the coded CSI, the resource offset parameters being configured by upper-layer signaling. 39. The method according to claim 38 further comprising transmitting the coded CSI in sub-frames continuously or in sub-frames at a predetermined interval, wherein the predetermined interval is set by the upper-layer signaling. 40. The method according to claim 38 further comprising transmitting the coded CSI, connected in a predetermined order, in one sub-frame. 41. The method according to claim 40 further comprising indicating by the upper-layer signaling the start point of the coded CQI/PMI. 42. The method according to claim 38, wherein the number of the coordinated points in the joint coded group is designated by the upper-layer signaling. 43. The method according to claim 38 further comprising defining indexes of the multiple coordinated points so as to differentiate the CSI of different coordinated points. 44. The method according to claim 38, wherein a beta value of the modulated CSI needs to be adjusted when the CSI is mapped to a resource block, and the beta value is a parameter used for calculating the number of information units. | A method for transmitting uplink channel state information (CSI) in a coordinated multi-point (CoMP) system is provided, which includes coding and multiplexing operations. In a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system, a method for transmitting CSI of multiple coordinated points according to an embodiment of the present invention includes coding the CSI of the multiple coordinated points, modulating the coded CSI of the multiple coordinated points, and multiplexing the modulated CSI on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). Multiplexing a rank indicator (RI) in the CSI includes multiplexing different RIs for different uplink ranks, and multiplexing a channel quality indicator/precoding matrix indicator (CQI/PMI) in the CSI includes multiplexing the CQI/PMI in a code word with the highest modulation and coding order and in other code words. Therefore, an issue with the application of the CoMP technology that one user equipment (UE) transmits CSI of multiple coordinated points may be solved, which may facilitate a further development of the CoMP technology.1. A method for transmitting channel state information (CSI) of multiple coordinated points in a coordinated multi-Point (CoMP) system, the method comprising:
coding the CSI of the multiple coordinated points; modulating the coded CSI of the multiple coordinated points; and multiplexing the modulated CSI on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), wherein multiplexing a rank indicator (RI) in the CSI comprises multiplexing different RIs for different uplink ranks, and multiplexing a channel quality indicator/precoding matrix indicator (CQI/PMI) in the CSI comprises multiplexing the CQI/PMI in a code word with the highest modulation and coding order and in other code words. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the CSI of the multiple coordinated points is coded by one of a joint coding, separate coding and hybrid coding. 3. The method according to claim 2, when the CSI is multiplexed on the PUSCH, further comprising allocating the same or different resource offset parameters for the CSI after the separate coding or hybrid coding, the resource offset parameters being configured by upper-layer signaling. 4. The method according to claim 3 further comprising transmitting the CSI after the separate coding or hybrid coding in sub-frames continuously or in sub-frames at a predetermined interval, wherein the predetermined interval is set by the upper-layer signaling. 5. The method according to claim 3 further comprising transmitting the CSI after the separate coding or hybrid coding, connected in a predetermined order, in one sub-frame. 6. The method according to claim 5 further comprising indicating by the upper-layer signaling the start point of the coded CSI. 7. The method according to claim 2, wherein the hybrid coding comprises performing a joint coding for the CSI of the coordinated points in each joint coded group, wherein the number of the coordinated points in the joint coded group is designated by the upper-layer signaling. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein a beta value of the modulated CSI is adjusted when the CSI is mapped to a resource block, and the beta value is a parameter used for calculating the number of information units. 9. The method according to claim 1 further comprising defining indexes of the multiple coordinated points so as to differentiate the CSI of different coordinated points. 10. A method for transmitting channel state information (CSI) of multiple coordinated points in a coordinated multi-point (CoMP) system, the method comprising:
coding the CSI of the multiple coordinated points; modulating the coded CSI of the multiple coordinated points; and multiplexing the modulated CSI on a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), wherein multiplexing a rank indicator (RI) in the CSI comprises multiplexing different RIs for different uplink ranks. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein multiplexing a channel quality indicator/precoding matrix indicator (CQI/PMI) in the CSI comprises multiplexing the CQI/PMI in a code word with the highest modulation and coding order and in other code words. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the CSI of the multiple coordinated points is coded by one of a joint coding, separate coding and hybrid coding. 13. The method according to claim 12, when the CSI is multiplexed on the PUSCH, further comprising allocating the same or different resource offset parameters for the CSI after the separate coding or hybrid coding, the resource offset parameters being configured by upper-layer signaling. 14. The method according to claim 13 further comprising transmitting the CSI after the separate coding or hybrid coding in sub-frames continuously or in sub-frames at a predetermined interval, wherein the predetermined interval is set by the upper-layer signaling. 15. The method according to claim 13 further comprising transmitting the CSI after the separate coding or hybrid coding, connected in a predetermined order, in one sub-frame. 16. The method according to claim 15 further comprising indicating by the upper-layer signaling the start point of the coded CQI/PMI. 17. The method according to claim 12, wherein the hybrid coding comprises performing a joint coding for the CSI of the coordinated points in each joint coded group, wherein the number of the coordinated points in the joint coded group is designated by the upper-layer signaling. 18. The method according to claim 10, wherein a beta value of the modulated CSI is adjusted when the CSI is mapped to a resource block, and the beta value is a parameter used for calculating the number of information units. 19. The method according to claim 10 further comprising defining indexes of the multiple coordinated points so as to differentiate the CSI of different coordinated points. 20. A method for transmitting channel state information (CSI) of multiple coordinated points in a coordinated multi-point (CoMP) system, the method comprising:
coding the CSI of the multiple coordinated points; modulating the coded CSI of the multiple coordinated points; and multiplexing the modulated CSI on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), wherein multiplexing a channel quality indicator/precoding matrix indicator (CQI/PMI) in the CSI comprises multiplexing the CQI/PMI in a code word with the highest modulation and coding order and in other code words. 21. The method according to claim 20, wherein multiplexing a rank indicator (RI) in the CSI comprises one of multiplexing different RIs for different uplink ranks, and repeatedly multiplexing the RI on all the uplink ranks. 22. The method according to claim 20, wherein the CSI of the multiple coordinated points is coded by one of a joint coding, separate coding or hybrid coding. 23. The method according to claim 22, when the CSI is multiplexed on the PUSCH, further comprising allocating the same or different resource offset parameters for the CSI after the separate coding or hybrid coding, the resource offset parameters being configured by upper-layer signaling. 24. The method according to claim 23 further comprising transmitting the CSI after the separate coding or hybrid coding in sub-frames continuously or in sub-frames at a predetermined interval, wherein the predetermined interval is set by the upper-layer signaling. 25. The method according to claim 23 further comprising transmitting the CSI after the separate coding or hybrid coding, connected in a predetermined order, in one sub-frame. 26. The method according to claim 25 further comprising indicating by the upper-layer signaling the start point of the coded CQI/PMI. 27. The method according to claim 22, wherein the hybrid coding comprises performing a joint coding for the CSI of the coordinated points in each joint coded group, wherein the number of the coordinated points in the joint coded group is designated by the upper-layer signaling. 28. The method according to claim 20, wherein a beta value of the modulated CSI is adjusted when the CSI is mapped to a resource block, and the beta value is a parameter used for calculating the number of information units. 29. The method according to claim 20 further comprising defining indexes of the multiple coordinated points so as to differentiate the CSI of different coordinated points. 30. A method for coding channel state information (CSI) of multiple coordinated points in a coordinated multi-point (COMP) system, the method comprising:
determining an information bit number of the CSI of each coordinated point in the multiple coordinated points; arranging the determined information bit number of each coordinated point in a predetermined order to form an information bit sequence; and inputting the information bit sequence into a joint coder for joint coding. 31. The method according to claim 30, wherein the information bit number of the CSI of each coordinated point in the multiple coordinated points is determined according to a mode configuration of each coordinated point. 32. The method according to claim 30, wherein the joint coder comprises one of a Reed-Muller coder and a truncated convolutional coder. 33. The method according to claim 32, wherein for the RI in the CSI, when the bit number of the formed information bit sequence exceeds 11 bits, the joint coder comprises multiple connected Reed-Muller coders, and the information bit sequence is segmented and input into the multiple connected Reed-Muller coders. 34. The method according to claim 33, wherein the segmentation is implemented based on an equal bit number or a maximum limit of the input bit number of the Reed-Muller coder. 35. The method according to claim 32, wherein for the CQI/PMI in the CSI, when the bit number of the formed information bit sequence exceeds 11 bits, a truncated convolutional coder is used. 36. The method according to claim 30, wherein the multiple coordinated points belong to the same joint coded group, and the number of the coordinated points in the joint coded group is designated by upper-layer signaling. 37. The method according to claim 30, wherein a beta value of the CSI after the joint coding is adjusted when the CSI is mapped to a resource block, and the beta value is a parameter used for calculating the number of information units. 38. A method for transmitting channel state information (CSI) of multiple coordinated points in a coordinated multi-Point (COMP) system, the method comprising:
performing a separate coding for the CSI of each coordinated point in the multiple coordinated points or in each joint coded group; modulating the coded CSI of the multiple coordinated points; and multiplexing the modulated CSI on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), wherein the method further comprises allocating the same or different resource offset parameters for the coded CSI, the resource offset parameters being configured by upper-layer signaling. 39. The method according to claim 38 further comprising transmitting the coded CSI in sub-frames continuously or in sub-frames at a predetermined interval, wherein the predetermined interval is set by the upper-layer signaling. 40. The method according to claim 38 further comprising transmitting the coded CSI, connected in a predetermined order, in one sub-frame. 41. The method according to claim 40 further comprising indicating by the upper-layer signaling the start point of the coded CQI/PMI. 42. The method according to claim 38, wherein the number of the coordinated points in the joint coded group is designated by the upper-layer signaling. 43. The method according to claim 38 further comprising defining indexes of the multiple coordinated points so as to differentiate the CSI of different coordinated points. 44. The method according to claim 38, wherein a beta value of the modulated CSI needs to be adjusted when the CSI is mapped to a resource block, and the beta value is a parameter used for calculating the number of information units. | 2,400 |
6,829 | 6,829 | 14,267,273 | 2,463 | One wireless telecommunications system includes a Mobile Central Office (MCO) for capacity sharing via a master scheduling system. The MCO is communicatively coupled to a plurality of wireless base stations, each being operable to handle a session from a wireless device and to handoff the session to another wireless base station when the wireless device moves into a range of the other base station. Each of the wireless base stations is operable to convey capacity information to the master scheduling system through the MCO, and to acquire capacity from one or more wireless base stations of another MCO when directed by the master scheduling system. | 1. A wireless telecommunications system, comprising:
a plurality of wireless base stations, wherein each wireless base station is operable to handle a session from a wireless device and to handoff the session to another of the wireless base stations when the wireless device moves into a range of the other wireless base station; and a Mobile Central Office (MCO) communicatively coupled to each of the wireless base stations, wherein each of the wireless base stations is communicatively coupled to a remotely located master scheduling system through the MCO, and wherein each of the wireless base stations is operable to convey capacity information to the master scheduling system, and to acquire capacity from one or more wireless base stations of another MCO when directed by the master scheduling system. 2. The wireless telecommunications system of claim 1, wherein:
a first of the wireless base stations is operable to complete use of the acquired capacity, and to relinquish the acquired capacity to the master scheduling system. 3. The wireless telecommunications of claim 1, wherein:
a first of the wireless base stations is operable to communicate with the wireless device via Long Term Evolution (LTE) wireless signaling. 4. The wireless telecommunications of claim 1, wherein:
a first wireless base station is operable to communicate with the wireless device via WiFi signaling at WiFi frequencies. 5. The wireless telecommunications of claim 1, wherein:
a first wireless base station is operable to communicate with the wireless device via the capacity acquired from the other MCO when directed by the master scheduling system. 6. The wireless telecommunications of claim 1, wherein:
a first wireless base station is operable to direct the wireless device to communicate through the other MCO via the capacity acquired from the other MCO when directed by the master scheduling system. 7. The wireless telecommunications of claim 1, wherein:
the acquired capacity includes a block of frequency bandwidth. 8. The wireless telecommunications system of claim 7, wherein:
the MCO is operable to control a Time Division Multiple Access signal, a Frequency Division Multiple Access signal, a Code Division Multiple Access signal, an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access signal, or a combination thereof in the block of frequency bandwidth. 9. A method operable with a wireless telecommunications system comprising a plurality of wireless base stations and a Mobile Central Office (MCO), wherein each wireless base station is operable to handle a session from a wireless device and to handoff the session via the MCO to another of the wireless base stations when the wireless device moves into a range of the other wireless base station, the method comprising:
establishing a link from a first of the wireless base stations to a remotely located master scheduling system through the MCO; conveying capacity information from the first wireless base station to the master scheduling system through the established link; and via the first wireless base station, acquiring capacity from one or more wireless base stations of another MCO when directed by the master scheduling system. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
via the first wireless base station, completing use of the acquired capacity; and relinquishing the acquired capacity to the master scheduling system. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
via the first wireless base station, communicating with the wireless device via Long Term Evolution (LTE) wireless signaling. 12. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
via the first wireless base station, communicating with the wireless device via WiFi signaling at WiFi frequencies. 13. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
via the first wireless base station, communicating with the wireless device via the capacity acquired from the other MCO. 14. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
via the first wireless base station, directing the wireless device to communicate through the other MCO via the capacity acquired from the other MCO. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein:
the acquired capacity includes a block of frequency bandwidth; and the method further comprises: via the MCO, controlling a Time Division Multiple Access signal, a Frequency Division Multiple Access signal, a Code Division Multiple Access signal, an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access signal, or a combination thereof in the block of frequency bandwidth. 16. A master scheduling system, comprising:
an interface communicatively coupled to a plurality of Mobile Central Offices (MCOs), wherein each MCO is communicatively coupled to a plurality of wireless base stations, and wherein each wireless base station is operable to handle a session from a wireless device; and a processor communicatively coupled to the interface and operable to detect capacity on at least a portion of the wireless base stations, to determine that a first wireless base station of a first of the MCOs needs additional capacity, to request capacity from at least one wireless base station of a second of the MCOs, and to direct the first wireless base station of the first MCO to acquire the requested capacity. 17. The master scheduling system of claim 16, wherein:
the processor is further operable to determine that the first wireless base station of the first MCO has completed use of the acquired capacity, and to direct said at least one wireless base station of the second MCO to reacquire the capacity. 18. The master scheduling system of claim 16, wherein:
the acquired capacity includes a block of frequency bandwidth; and the first MCO is operable to control a Time Division Multiple Access signal, a Frequency Division Multiple Access signal, a Code Division Multiple Access signal, an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access signal, or a combination thereof in the block of frequency bandwidth. 19. The wireless telecommunications system of claim 1, wherein a first of the wireless base stations comprises:
a WiFi receiver operable to detect one or more WiFi networks proximate thereto; and a WiFi transmitter operable to communicate frequency spectrum usage of the first wireless base station to the one or more WiFi networks proximate thereto. 20. The wireless telecommunications system of claim 1, wherein:
a first of the wireless base stations is operable to broadcast frequency spectrum usage through Long Term Evolution (LTE) communications to LTE networks proximate thereto. 21. The wireless telecommunications system of claim 1, wherein:
a first of the wireless base stations is operable to receive frequency spectrum usage information through Long Term Evolution (LTE) communications from another wireless system. 22. The wireless telecommunications system of claim 21, wherein:
the first wireless base station is further operable to synchronize its frequency spectrum usage with the received frequency spectrum usage information. 23. The wireless telecommunications system of claim 1, wherein a first of the wireless base stations is a WiFi access point comprising:
a Long Term Evolution (LTE) receiver to detect LTE frequency spectrum usage proximate thereto; and an LTE transmitter to broadcast frequency spectrum usage of the WiFi access point to an LTE wireless system. | One wireless telecommunications system includes a Mobile Central Office (MCO) for capacity sharing via a master scheduling system. The MCO is communicatively coupled to a plurality of wireless base stations, each being operable to handle a session from a wireless device and to handoff the session to another wireless base station when the wireless device moves into a range of the other base station. Each of the wireless base stations is operable to convey capacity information to the master scheduling system through the MCO, and to acquire capacity from one or more wireless base stations of another MCO when directed by the master scheduling system.1. A wireless telecommunications system, comprising:
a plurality of wireless base stations, wherein each wireless base station is operable to handle a session from a wireless device and to handoff the session to another of the wireless base stations when the wireless device moves into a range of the other wireless base station; and a Mobile Central Office (MCO) communicatively coupled to each of the wireless base stations, wherein each of the wireless base stations is communicatively coupled to a remotely located master scheduling system through the MCO, and wherein each of the wireless base stations is operable to convey capacity information to the master scheduling system, and to acquire capacity from one or more wireless base stations of another MCO when directed by the master scheduling system. 2. The wireless telecommunications system of claim 1, wherein:
a first of the wireless base stations is operable to complete use of the acquired capacity, and to relinquish the acquired capacity to the master scheduling system. 3. The wireless telecommunications of claim 1, wherein:
a first of the wireless base stations is operable to communicate with the wireless device via Long Term Evolution (LTE) wireless signaling. 4. The wireless telecommunications of claim 1, wherein:
a first wireless base station is operable to communicate with the wireless device via WiFi signaling at WiFi frequencies. 5. The wireless telecommunications of claim 1, wherein:
a first wireless base station is operable to communicate with the wireless device via the capacity acquired from the other MCO when directed by the master scheduling system. 6. The wireless telecommunications of claim 1, wherein:
a first wireless base station is operable to direct the wireless device to communicate through the other MCO via the capacity acquired from the other MCO when directed by the master scheduling system. 7. The wireless telecommunications of claim 1, wherein:
the acquired capacity includes a block of frequency bandwidth. 8. The wireless telecommunications system of claim 7, wherein:
the MCO is operable to control a Time Division Multiple Access signal, a Frequency Division Multiple Access signal, a Code Division Multiple Access signal, an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access signal, or a combination thereof in the block of frequency bandwidth. 9. A method operable with a wireless telecommunications system comprising a plurality of wireless base stations and a Mobile Central Office (MCO), wherein each wireless base station is operable to handle a session from a wireless device and to handoff the session via the MCO to another of the wireless base stations when the wireless device moves into a range of the other wireless base station, the method comprising:
establishing a link from a first of the wireless base stations to a remotely located master scheduling system through the MCO; conveying capacity information from the first wireless base station to the master scheduling system through the established link; and via the first wireless base station, acquiring capacity from one or more wireless base stations of another MCO when directed by the master scheduling system. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
via the first wireless base station, completing use of the acquired capacity; and relinquishing the acquired capacity to the master scheduling system. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
via the first wireless base station, communicating with the wireless device via Long Term Evolution (LTE) wireless signaling. 12. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
via the first wireless base station, communicating with the wireless device via WiFi signaling at WiFi frequencies. 13. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
via the first wireless base station, communicating with the wireless device via the capacity acquired from the other MCO. 14. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
via the first wireless base station, directing the wireless device to communicate through the other MCO via the capacity acquired from the other MCO. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein:
the acquired capacity includes a block of frequency bandwidth; and the method further comprises: via the MCO, controlling a Time Division Multiple Access signal, a Frequency Division Multiple Access signal, a Code Division Multiple Access signal, an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access signal, or a combination thereof in the block of frequency bandwidth. 16. A master scheduling system, comprising:
an interface communicatively coupled to a plurality of Mobile Central Offices (MCOs), wherein each MCO is communicatively coupled to a plurality of wireless base stations, and wherein each wireless base station is operable to handle a session from a wireless device; and a processor communicatively coupled to the interface and operable to detect capacity on at least a portion of the wireless base stations, to determine that a first wireless base station of a first of the MCOs needs additional capacity, to request capacity from at least one wireless base station of a second of the MCOs, and to direct the first wireless base station of the first MCO to acquire the requested capacity. 17. The master scheduling system of claim 16, wherein:
the processor is further operable to determine that the first wireless base station of the first MCO has completed use of the acquired capacity, and to direct said at least one wireless base station of the second MCO to reacquire the capacity. 18. The master scheduling system of claim 16, wherein:
the acquired capacity includes a block of frequency bandwidth; and the first MCO is operable to control a Time Division Multiple Access signal, a Frequency Division Multiple Access signal, a Code Division Multiple Access signal, an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access signal, or a combination thereof in the block of frequency bandwidth. 19. The wireless telecommunications system of claim 1, wherein a first of the wireless base stations comprises:
a WiFi receiver operable to detect one or more WiFi networks proximate thereto; and a WiFi transmitter operable to communicate frequency spectrum usage of the first wireless base station to the one or more WiFi networks proximate thereto. 20. The wireless telecommunications system of claim 1, wherein:
a first of the wireless base stations is operable to broadcast frequency spectrum usage through Long Term Evolution (LTE) communications to LTE networks proximate thereto. 21. The wireless telecommunications system of claim 1, wherein:
a first of the wireless base stations is operable to receive frequency spectrum usage information through Long Term Evolution (LTE) communications from another wireless system. 22. The wireless telecommunications system of claim 21, wherein:
the first wireless base station is further operable to synchronize its frequency spectrum usage with the received frequency spectrum usage information. 23. The wireless telecommunications system of claim 1, wherein a first of the wireless base stations is a WiFi access point comprising:
a Long Term Evolution (LTE) receiver to detect LTE frequency spectrum usage proximate thereto; and an LTE transmitter to broadcast frequency spectrum usage of the WiFi access point to an LTE wireless system. | 2,400 |
6,830 | 6,830 | 14,214,412 | 2,486 | The disclosure extends to endoscopic devices and systems for image correction of a rotating sensor. The disclosure allows for the distal image sensor to rotate as the user rotates the lumen with respect to a fixed handpiece. The system includes an angle sensor located at the junction of the rotating lumen and the fixed handpiece. Periodic measurements of angle are used in the system's image processing chain in order to effect suitable software image rotations, thereby providing a final displayed image or video stream with the desired orientation. | 1. An endoscopic device comprising:
a hand-piece; a proximal portion and a distal portion comprising a tip; a lumen; an image sensor disposed within the lumen for providing visualization of an area, wherein the image sensor is at the distal portion near the tip of the endoscope; an angle sensor for detecting an angle of rotation of the hand-piece relative to the lumen; wherein the lumen is rotatable about an axis of the endoscope and with respect to the hand-piece. 2. The endoscopic device of claim 1, wherein the angle sensor is a rotation-detecting Hall-effect sensor. 3. The endoscopic device of claim 2, wherein the rotation-detecting Hall-effect sensor is located in the hand-piece. 4. The endoscopic device of claim 2, wherein the device further comprises a diametrically-polarized magnetic annulus and wherein the rotation-detecting Hall-effect sensor produces a voltage that is used to detect an angle of the diametrically-polarized, magnetic annulus. 5. The endoscopic device of claim 1, wherein the angle sensor produces a voltage that is used to detect an angle of rotation of the hand-piece relative to the lumen. 6. The endoscopic device of claim 1, wherein the angle sensor is a potentiometer. 7. The endoscopic device of claim 6, wherein the potentiometer comprises a carbon filament, wherein the carbon filament of the potentiometer is disposed on said lumen. 8. The endoscopic device of claim 1, where the angle sensor comprises a light source and a photo diode that rotate relative to a gradient disc. 9. The endoscopic device of claim 8, wherein said photo diode detects the electromagnetic energy from said light source that is reflected by said gradient disc. 10. The endoscopic device of claim 1, wherein said image sensor incorporates a two-dimensional array of pixels capable of detecting electromagnetic radiation. 11. The endoscopic device of claim 1, wherein the device comprises an image signal processing pipeline, wherein a process resides for the purpose of performing image rotation transformations upon images captured by the image sensor. 12. The endoscopic device of claim 11, wherein said image rotation transformation comprises taking each initial pixel's integer x,y coordinates and transforming them to final, real number pixel coordinates by applying a rotation kernel. 13. The endoscopic device of claim 12, wherein said image rotation transformation further comprises truncating the final, real number pixel coordinates to integer values, then assigning values to blank pixels in the final image using the values of nearby, filled pixels. 14. The endoscopic device of claim 13, wherein said assignment is performed using bilinear interpolation. 15. The endoscopic device of claim 13, wherein said assignment is performed using bicubic interpolation. 16. The endoscopic device of claim 13, wherein said assignment is performed using nearest neighbor substitution. 17. The endoscopic device of claim 11, wherein said image rotation transformation comprises taking each final pixel's integer x,y coordinates and transforming them to initial real number x,y coordinates by applying an inverse rotation kernel. 18. The endoscopic device of claim 17, wherein said image rotation transformation further comprises estimating a pixel value at the initial real number x,y coordinates, using data from the closest integer coordinate locations. 19. The endoscopic device of claim 18, wherein said estimation is performed using nearest neighbor substitution. 20. The endoscopic device of claim 18, wherein said estimation is performed using bilinear interpolation. 21. The endoscopic device of claim 18, wherein said estimation is performed using bicubic interpolation. 22. An endoscopic system comprising:
an endoscope unit comprising:
a hand-piece;
a proximal portion and a distal portion comprising a tip;
a lumen;
an image sensor disposed within the lumen for providing visualization of an area, wherein the image sensor is at the distal portion near the tip of the endoscope;
wherein said image sensor incorporates a two dimensional array of pixels capable of detecting electromagnetic radiation;
an angle sensor for detecting an angle of rotation of the hand-piece relative to the lumen, wherein the lumen is rotatable about an axis of the endoscope and with respect to the hand-piece; and an image signal processing pipeline, wherein a process resides for the purpose of performing rotation transformations upon images captured by the image sensor. 23. A method of rotating an image in an endoscopic application comprising:
providing an endoscope unit comprising:
a hand-piece;
a proximal portion and a distal portion comprising a tip;
a lumen;
an image sensor disposed within the lumen for providing visualization of an area, wherein the image sensor is at the distal portion near the tip of the endoscope;
wherein said image sensor incorporates a two dimensional array of pixels capable of detecting electromagnetic radiation;
detecting an angle of rotation of the hand-piece relative to the lumen using an angle sensor, wherein the lumen is rotatable about an axis of the endoscope and with respect to the hand-piece; and performing image rotation transformations upon images captured by the image sensor using an image signal processing pipeline, wherein a process resides in said image signal processing pipeline. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the step of performing image rotation transformation comprises taking each initial pixel's integer x,y coordinates and transforming them to final, real number pixel coordinates by applying a rotation kernel. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein said image rotation transformation further comprises truncating the final, real number pixel coordinates to integer values, then assigning values to blank pixels in the final image using the values of nearby, filled pixels. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein said assignment is performed using bilinear interpolation. 27. The method of claim 25, wherein said assignment is performed using bicubic interpolation. 28. The method of claim 25, wherein said assignment is performed using nearest neighbor substitution. 29. The method of claim 23, wherein the step of performing image rotation transformation comprises taking each final pixel's integer x,y coordinates and transforming them to initial real number x,y coordinates by applying an inverse rotation kernel. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein said image rotation transformation further comprises estimating a pixel value at the initial real number x,y coordinates, using the data from the closest integer coordinate locations. 31. The method of claim 29, wherein said estimation is performed using nearest neighbor substitution. 32. The method of claim 29, wherein said estimation is performed using bilinear interpolation. 33. The method of claim 29, wherein said estimation is performed using bicubic interpolation. | The disclosure extends to endoscopic devices and systems for image correction of a rotating sensor. The disclosure allows for the distal image sensor to rotate as the user rotates the lumen with respect to a fixed handpiece. The system includes an angle sensor located at the junction of the rotating lumen and the fixed handpiece. Periodic measurements of angle are used in the system's image processing chain in order to effect suitable software image rotations, thereby providing a final displayed image or video stream with the desired orientation.1. An endoscopic device comprising:
a hand-piece; a proximal portion and a distal portion comprising a tip; a lumen; an image sensor disposed within the lumen for providing visualization of an area, wherein the image sensor is at the distal portion near the tip of the endoscope; an angle sensor for detecting an angle of rotation of the hand-piece relative to the lumen; wherein the lumen is rotatable about an axis of the endoscope and with respect to the hand-piece. 2. The endoscopic device of claim 1, wherein the angle sensor is a rotation-detecting Hall-effect sensor. 3. The endoscopic device of claim 2, wherein the rotation-detecting Hall-effect sensor is located in the hand-piece. 4. The endoscopic device of claim 2, wherein the device further comprises a diametrically-polarized magnetic annulus and wherein the rotation-detecting Hall-effect sensor produces a voltage that is used to detect an angle of the diametrically-polarized, magnetic annulus. 5. The endoscopic device of claim 1, wherein the angle sensor produces a voltage that is used to detect an angle of rotation of the hand-piece relative to the lumen. 6. The endoscopic device of claim 1, wherein the angle sensor is a potentiometer. 7. The endoscopic device of claim 6, wherein the potentiometer comprises a carbon filament, wherein the carbon filament of the potentiometer is disposed on said lumen. 8. The endoscopic device of claim 1, where the angle sensor comprises a light source and a photo diode that rotate relative to a gradient disc. 9. The endoscopic device of claim 8, wherein said photo diode detects the electromagnetic energy from said light source that is reflected by said gradient disc. 10. The endoscopic device of claim 1, wherein said image sensor incorporates a two-dimensional array of pixels capable of detecting electromagnetic radiation. 11. The endoscopic device of claim 1, wherein the device comprises an image signal processing pipeline, wherein a process resides for the purpose of performing image rotation transformations upon images captured by the image sensor. 12. The endoscopic device of claim 11, wherein said image rotation transformation comprises taking each initial pixel's integer x,y coordinates and transforming them to final, real number pixel coordinates by applying a rotation kernel. 13. The endoscopic device of claim 12, wherein said image rotation transformation further comprises truncating the final, real number pixel coordinates to integer values, then assigning values to blank pixels in the final image using the values of nearby, filled pixels. 14. The endoscopic device of claim 13, wherein said assignment is performed using bilinear interpolation. 15. The endoscopic device of claim 13, wherein said assignment is performed using bicubic interpolation. 16. The endoscopic device of claim 13, wherein said assignment is performed using nearest neighbor substitution. 17. The endoscopic device of claim 11, wherein said image rotation transformation comprises taking each final pixel's integer x,y coordinates and transforming them to initial real number x,y coordinates by applying an inverse rotation kernel. 18. The endoscopic device of claim 17, wherein said image rotation transformation further comprises estimating a pixel value at the initial real number x,y coordinates, using data from the closest integer coordinate locations. 19. The endoscopic device of claim 18, wherein said estimation is performed using nearest neighbor substitution. 20. The endoscopic device of claim 18, wherein said estimation is performed using bilinear interpolation. 21. The endoscopic device of claim 18, wherein said estimation is performed using bicubic interpolation. 22. An endoscopic system comprising:
an endoscope unit comprising:
a hand-piece;
a proximal portion and a distal portion comprising a tip;
a lumen;
an image sensor disposed within the lumen for providing visualization of an area, wherein the image sensor is at the distal portion near the tip of the endoscope;
wherein said image sensor incorporates a two dimensional array of pixels capable of detecting electromagnetic radiation;
an angle sensor for detecting an angle of rotation of the hand-piece relative to the lumen, wherein the lumen is rotatable about an axis of the endoscope and with respect to the hand-piece; and an image signal processing pipeline, wherein a process resides for the purpose of performing rotation transformations upon images captured by the image sensor. 23. A method of rotating an image in an endoscopic application comprising:
providing an endoscope unit comprising:
a hand-piece;
a proximal portion and a distal portion comprising a tip;
a lumen;
an image sensor disposed within the lumen for providing visualization of an area, wherein the image sensor is at the distal portion near the tip of the endoscope;
wherein said image sensor incorporates a two dimensional array of pixels capable of detecting electromagnetic radiation;
detecting an angle of rotation of the hand-piece relative to the lumen using an angle sensor, wherein the lumen is rotatable about an axis of the endoscope and with respect to the hand-piece; and performing image rotation transformations upon images captured by the image sensor using an image signal processing pipeline, wherein a process resides in said image signal processing pipeline. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the step of performing image rotation transformation comprises taking each initial pixel's integer x,y coordinates and transforming them to final, real number pixel coordinates by applying a rotation kernel. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein said image rotation transformation further comprises truncating the final, real number pixel coordinates to integer values, then assigning values to blank pixels in the final image using the values of nearby, filled pixels. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein said assignment is performed using bilinear interpolation. 27. The method of claim 25, wherein said assignment is performed using bicubic interpolation. 28. The method of claim 25, wherein said assignment is performed using nearest neighbor substitution. 29. The method of claim 23, wherein the step of performing image rotation transformation comprises taking each final pixel's integer x,y coordinates and transforming them to initial real number x,y coordinates by applying an inverse rotation kernel. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein said image rotation transformation further comprises estimating a pixel value at the initial real number x,y coordinates, using the data from the closest integer coordinate locations. 31. The method of claim 29, wherein said estimation is performed using nearest neighbor substitution. 32. The method of claim 29, wherein said estimation is performed using bilinear interpolation. 33. The method of claim 29, wherein said estimation is performed using bicubic interpolation. | 2,400 |
6,831 | 6,831 | 15,037,263 | 2,457 | A server ( 600 ), a client device ( 602 ) and methods therein, for handling cached content resources. When the client device ( 602 ) sends a download request ( 6:3 ) in a downloading session, the server ( 600 ) identifies ( 6:4 ) at least one content resource deemed to be potentially needed later in the downloading session. The server ( 600 ) then sends a cache map to the client device ( 602 ) in a response to the download request. The cache map comprises a pre-fetch indication indicating that the identified at least one content resource should be pre-fetched by the client device ( 602 ) from a cache ( 604 ) containing the identified at least one content resource. Thereby, the client device is able to pre-fetch ( 6:8 ) the content resources before the performance of communication may become reduced so that communication with the cache ( 604 ) is difficult or even impossible, e.g. due to deteriorated radio conditions or congestion in the communication network. | 1-34. (canceled) 35. A method performed by a server for handling cached content resources, the method comprising:
receiving a download request from a client device in a downloading session, identifying at least one content resource deemed to be potentially needed later in the downloading session, and sending a cache map to the client device in a response to the received download request, the cache map comprising a pre-fetch indication indicating that the identified at least one content resource should be pre-fetched by the client device from a cache containing the identified at least one content resource. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the at least one content resource is identified based on any of:
events in one or more previous downloading sessions with the client device, information in a HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) header of a previous download request received from the client device, and information about a current user of the client device. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the information about the current user is obtained in a report message received from the client device or from a user information node to which the client device has reported previous download activities of the client device. 38. The method of claim 35, wherein an entry in the cache map for each of the identified at least one content resource comprises a pre-fetch indicator which is set to provide said pre-fetch indication. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein said entry in the cache map for each of the identified at least one content resource further comprises metadata indicating at least one of time and position of the client device for pre-fetching the respective content resource. 40. The method of claim 35, wherein the pre-fetch indication is included in the cache map upon detecting that a wireless connection used by the client device will get degraded. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein said detecting comprises at least one of:
detecting that the client device is moving into an area of deficient radio coverage, and detecting that said wireless connection will be lost or interfered due to intense radio traffic. 42. The method of claim 40, wherein the pre-fetch indication is included in the cache map when further detecting that a signal quality of said wireless connection will be above a predefined level before getting degraded. 43. The method of claim 35, wherein the pre-fetch indication is included in the cache map upon detecting that a communication network used for the downloading session will be congested. 44. A server arranged to handle cached content resources, the server comprising a processor and a memory containing instructions executable by the processor, whereby the server is configured to:
receive a download request from a client device in a downloading session, identify at least one content resource deemed to be potentially needed later in the downloading session, and send a cache map to the client device in a response to the received download request, the cache map comprising a pre-fetch indication indicating that the identified at least one content resource should be pre-fetched by the client device from a cache containing the identified at least one content resource. 45. The server of claim 44, wherein the server is configured to identify the at least one content resource based on any of:
events in one or more previous downloading sessions with the client device, information in a HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) header of a previous download request received from the client device, and information about a current user of the client device. 46. The server of claim 45, wherein the information about the current user is obtained in a report message received from the client device or from a user information node to which the client device has reported previous download activities of the client device. 47. The server of claim 44, wherein an entry in the cache map for each of the identified at least one content resource comprises a pre-fetch indicator which is set to provide said pre-fetch indication. 48. The server of claim 47, wherein said entry in the cache map for each of the identified at least one content resource further comprises metadata indicating at least one of time and position of the client device for pre-fetching the respective content resource. 49. The server of claim 44, wherein the server is configured to include the pre-fetch indication in the cache map upon detecting that a wireless connection used by the client device will get degraded. 50. The server of claim 49, wherein the server is configured to perform said detecting by at least one of:
detecting that the client device is moving into an area of deficient radio coverage, and detecting that said wireless connection will be lost or interfered due to intense radio traffic. 51. The server of claim 49, wherein the server is configured to include the pre-fetch indication in the cache map when further detecting that a signal quality of said wireless connection will be above a predefined level before getting degraded. 52. The server of claim 44, wherein the server is configured to include the pre-fetch indication in the cache map upon detecting that a communication network used for the downloading session will be congested. 53. A method performed by a client device for handling cached content resources, the method comprising:
receiving a cache map from a server during a downloading session, the cache map comprising a pre-fetch indication indicating that at least one content resource should be pre-fetched from a cache, and pre-fetching the at least one content resource from the cache according to the pre-fetch indication, to enable subsequent usage of the at least one content resource in the client device once the at least one content resource is requested or needed in the client device. 54. The method of claim 53, wherein said pre-fetching of the at least one content resource from the cache is executed by means of a caching agent implemented in any one of:
a client application running in the client device, a script of a ServiceWorker, and a HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Library. 55. The method of claim 53 wherein an entry in the received cache map for each of the at least one content resource comprises a pre-fetch indicator which is set to provide said indication. 56. The method of claim 55, wherein the at least one content resource is pre-fetched from said cache according to metadata comprised in said entry, the metadata indicating at least one of time and position of the client device for pre-fetching the respective content resource. 57. The method of claim 53, wherein the cache map is received in response to a download request sent to the server in the downloading session. 58. A client device arranged to handle cached content resources, the client device comprising a processor and a memory containing instructions executable by the processor, whereby the client device is configured to:
receive a cache map from a server during a downloading session, the cache map comprising a pre-fetch indication indicating that at least one content resource should be pre-fetched from a cache, and pre-fetch the at least one content resource from the cache according to the pre-fetch indication, to enable subsequent usage of the at least one content resource in the client device once the at least one content resource is requested or needed in the client device. 59. The client device of claim 58, wherein said pre-fetching of the at least one content resource from the cache is executed by means of a caching agent implemented in any one of:
a client application running in the client device, a script of a ServiceWorker, and a HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Library. 60. The client device of claim 58 wherein an entry in the received cache map for each of the at least one content resource comprises a pre-fetch indicator which is set to provide said indication. 61. The client device of claim 60, wherein the at least one content resource is pre-fetched from said cache according to metadata comprised in said entry, the metadata indicating at least one of time and position of the client device for pre-fetching the respective content resource. 62. The client device of claim 58, wherein the cache map is received in response to a download request sent to the server in the downloading session. 63. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising, stored thereupon, a computer program comprising instructions that, when executed on a server, cause the server to:
receive a download request from a client device in a downloading session, identify at least one content resource deemed to be potentially needed later in the downloading session, and send a cache map to the client device in a response to the received download request, the cache map comprising a pre-fetch indication indicating that the identified at least one content resource should be pre-fetched by the client device from a cache containing the identified at least one content resource. 64. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising, stored thereupon, a computer program comprising instructions that, when executed on a client device, cause the client device to:
receive a cache map from a server during a downloading session, the cache map comprising a pre-fetch indication indicating that at least one content resource should be pre-fetched from a cache, and pre-fetch the at least one content resource from the cache according to the pre-fetch indication, to enable subsequent usage of the at least one content resource in the client device once the at least one content resource is requested or needed in the client device. | A server ( 600 ), a client device ( 602 ) and methods therein, for handling cached content resources. When the client device ( 602 ) sends a download request ( 6:3 ) in a downloading session, the server ( 600 ) identifies ( 6:4 ) at least one content resource deemed to be potentially needed later in the downloading session. The server ( 600 ) then sends a cache map to the client device ( 602 ) in a response to the download request. The cache map comprises a pre-fetch indication indicating that the identified at least one content resource should be pre-fetched by the client device ( 602 ) from a cache ( 604 ) containing the identified at least one content resource. Thereby, the client device is able to pre-fetch ( 6:8 ) the content resources before the performance of communication may become reduced so that communication with the cache ( 604 ) is difficult or even impossible, e.g. due to deteriorated radio conditions or congestion in the communication network.1-34. (canceled) 35. A method performed by a server for handling cached content resources, the method comprising:
receiving a download request from a client device in a downloading session, identifying at least one content resource deemed to be potentially needed later in the downloading session, and sending a cache map to the client device in a response to the received download request, the cache map comprising a pre-fetch indication indicating that the identified at least one content resource should be pre-fetched by the client device from a cache containing the identified at least one content resource. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the at least one content resource is identified based on any of:
events in one or more previous downloading sessions with the client device, information in a HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) header of a previous download request received from the client device, and information about a current user of the client device. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the information about the current user is obtained in a report message received from the client device or from a user information node to which the client device has reported previous download activities of the client device. 38. The method of claim 35, wherein an entry in the cache map for each of the identified at least one content resource comprises a pre-fetch indicator which is set to provide said pre-fetch indication. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein said entry in the cache map for each of the identified at least one content resource further comprises metadata indicating at least one of time and position of the client device for pre-fetching the respective content resource. 40. The method of claim 35, wherein the pre-fetch indication is included in the cache map upon detecting that a wireless connection used by the client device will get degraded. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein said detecting comprises at least one of:
detecting that the client device is moving into an area of deficient radio coverage, and detecting that said wireless connection will be lost or interfered due to intense radio traffic. 42. The method of claim 40, wherein the pre-fetch indication is included in the cache map when further detecting that a signal quality of said wireless connection will be above a predefined level before getting degraded. 43. The method of claim 35, wherein the pre-fetch indication is included in the cache map upon detecting that a communication network used for the downloading session will be congested. 44. A server arranged to handle cached content resources, the server comprising a processor and a memory containing instructions executable by the processor, whereby the server is configured to:
receive a download request from a client device in a downloading session, identify at least one content resource deemed to be potentially needed later in the downloading session, and send a cache map to the client device in a response to the received download request, the cache map comprising a pre-fetch indication indicating that the identified at least one content resource should be pre-fetched by the client device from a cache containing the identified at least one content resource. 45. The server of claim 44, wherein the server is configured to identify the at least one content resource based on any of:
events in one or more previous downloading sessions with the client device, information in a HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) header of a previous download request received from the client device, and information about a current user of the client device. 46. The server of claim 45, wherein the information about the current user is obtained in a report message received from the client device or from a user information node to which the client device has reported previous download activities of the client device. 47. The server of claim 44, wherein an entry in the cache map for each of the identified at least one content resource comprises a pre-fetch indicator which is set to provide said pre-fetch indication. 48. The server of claim 47, wherein said entry in the cache map for each of the identified at least one content resource further comprises metadata indicating at least one of time and position of the client device for pre-fetching the respective content resource. 49. The server of claim 44, wherein the server is configured to include the pre-fetch indication in the cache map upon detecting that a wireless connection used by the client device will get degraded. 50. The server of claim 49, wherein the server is configured to perform said detecting by at least one of:
detecting that the client device is moving into an area of deficient radio coverage, and detecting that said wireless connection will be lost or interfered due to intense radio traffic. 51. The server of claim 49, wherein the server is configured to include the pre-fetch indication in the cache map when further detecting that a signal quality of said wireless connection will be above a predefined level before getting degraded. 52. The server of claim 44, wherein the server is configured to include the pre-fetch indication in the cache map upon detecting that a communication network used for the downloading session will be congested. 53. A method performed by a client device for handling cached content resources, the method comprising:
receiving a cache map from a server during a downloading session, the cache map comprising a pre-fetch indication indicating that at least one content resource should be pre-fetched from a cache, and pre-fetching the at least one content resource from the cache according to the pre-fetch indication, to enable subsequent usage of the at least one content resource in the client device once the at least one content resource is requested or needed in the client device. 54. The method of claim 53, wherein said pre-fetching of the at least one content resource from the cache is executed by means of a caching agent implemented in any one of:
a client application running in the client device, a script of a ServiceWorker, and a HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Library. 55. The method of claim 53 wherein an entry in the received cache map for each of the at least one content resource comprises a pre-fetch indicator which is set to provide said indication. 56. The method of claim 55, wherein the at least one content resource is pre-fetched from said cache according to metadata comprised in said entry, the metadata indicating at least one of time and position of the client device for pre-fetching the respective content resource. 57. The method of claim 53, wherein the cache map is received in response to a download request sent to the server in the downloading session. 58. A client device arranged to handle cached content resources, the client device comprising a processor and a memory containing instructions executable by the processor, whereby the client device is configured to:
receive a cache map from a server during a downloading session, the cache map comprising a pre-fetch indication indicating that at least one content resource should be pre-fetched from a cache, and pre-fetch the at least one content resource from the cache according to the pre-fetch indication, to enable subsequent usage of the at least one content resource in the client device once the at least one content resource is requested or needed in the client device. 59. The client device of claim 58, wherein said pre-fetching of the at least one content resource from the cache is executed by means of a caching agent implemented in any one of:
a client application running in the client device, a script of a ServiceWorker, and a HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Library. 60. The client device of claim 58 wherein an entry in the received cache map for each of the at least one content resource comprises a pre-fetch indicator which is set to provide said indication. 61. The client device of claim 60, wherein the at least one content resource is pre-fetched from said cache according to metadata comprised in said entry, the metadata indicating at least one of time and position of the client device for pre-fetching the respective content resource. 62. The client device of claim 58, wherein the cache map is received in response to a download request sent to the server in the downloading session. 63. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising, stored thereupon, a computer program comprising instructions that, when executed on a server, cause the server to:
receive a download request from a client device in a downloading session, identify at least one content resource deemed to be potentially needed later in the downloading session, and send a cache map to the client device in a response to the received download request, the cache map comprising a pre-fetch indication indicating that the identified at least one content resource should be pre-fetched by the client device from a cache containing the identified at least one content resource. 64. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising, stored thereupon, a computer program comprising instructions that, when executed on a client device, cause the client device to:
receive a cache map from a server during a downloading session, the cache map comprising a pre-fetch indication indicating that at least one content resource should be pre-fetched from a cache, and pre-fetch the at least one content resource from the cache according to the pre-fetch indication, to enable subsequent usage of the at least one content resource in the client device once the at least one content resource is requested or needed in the client device. | 2,400 |
6,832 | 6,832 | 14,264,645 | 2,438 | An integrated circuit may comprise a processor configured to: receive a delegate certificate, wherein the delegate certificate includes a first public key; validate a digital signature of the delegate certificate using a second public key; and generate a derivative key using a secret key securely stored in the integrated circuit and using the first public key as inputs to a key derivation function. | 1. An integrated circuit, comprising:
a processor configured to:
receive a delegate certificate, wherein the delegate certificate includes a first public key;
validate a digital signature of the delegate certificate using a second public key; and
generate a derivative key using a secret key securely stored in the integrated circuit and using the first public key as inputs to a key derivation function. 2. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the first public key is of a first party, and the secret key is a master key of the first party. 3. The integrated circuit of claim 2, wherein the first party is a service provider. 4. The integrated circuit of claim 2, wherein the first party is an original equipment manufacturer. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the secret key is available to the first party and is not available to a second party, and a second private key is of the second party and is not available to the first party. 6. The integrated circuit of claim 5, wherein the second party is a supplier of the integrated circuit. 7. The integrated circuit of claim 5, wherein the second party is a manufacturer of the integrated circuit. 8. An integrated circuit, comprising:
means for receiving a delegate certificate, wherein the delegate certificate includes signed metadata governing a security policy; means for validating a digital signature of the delegate certificate using a public key; and means for generating a derivative key using a secret key securely stored in the integrated circuit and using the signed metadata as inputs to a key derivation function. 9. The integrated circuit of claim 8, wherein the secret key is a master key of a first party. 10. The integrated circuit of claim 9, wherein the first party is a service provider. 11. The integrated circuit of claim 9, wherein the first party is an original equipment manufacturer. 12. The integrated circuit of claim 9, wherein the secret key is available to the first party and is not available to a second party, and a private key is of the second party and is not available to the first party. 13. The integrated circuit of claim 12, wherein the second party is a supplier of the integrated circuit. 14. The integrated circuit of claim 12, wherein the second party is a manufacturer of the integrated circuit. 15. A remote station, comprising:
a processor configured to:
receive a delegate certificate having a digital signature based on the delegate certificate;
validate the digital signature using a public key; and
generate a derivative key using a secret key securely stored in the processor and using the digital signature as inputs to a key derivation function. 16. The remote station of claim 15, wherein the delegate certificate includes another public key of a first party, and the secret key is a master key of the first party. 17. The remote station of claim 16, wherein the first party is a service provider. 18. The remote station of claim 16, wherein the first party is an original equipment manufacturer. 19. The remote station of claim 16, wherein the secret key is available to the second party and is not available to the first party, and the private key of the first party is not available to the second party. 20. The remote station of claim 19, wherein the second party is a supplier of a system-on-a-chip (SoC) device. 21. The remote station of claim 19, wherein the second party is a manufacturer of a system-on-a-chip (SoC) device. 22. A remote station, comprising:
a processor configured to:
receive a delegate certificate, wherein the delegate certificate includes a first public key;
validate a digital signature of the delegate certificate using a second public key; and
generate a derivative key using a secret key securely stored in the processor and using the first public key as inputs to a key derivation function. 23. The remote station of claim 22, wherein the first public key is of a first party, and the secret key is a master key of the first party. 24. The remote station of claim 23, wherein the first party is a service provider. 25. The remote station of claim 23, wherein the first party is an original equipment manufacturer. 26. The remote station of claim 23, wherein the secret key is available to the first party and is not available to a second party, and a private key is of the second party and is not available to the first party. 27. The remote station of claim 26, wherein the second party is a supplier of a system-on-a-chip (SoC) device. 28. The remote station of claim 26, wherein the second party is a manufacturer of a system-on-a-chip (SoC) device. | An integrated circuit may comprise a processor configured to: receive a delegate certificate, wherein the delegate certificate includes a first public key; validate a digital signature of the delegate certificate using a second public key; and generate a derivative key using a secret key securely stored in the integrated circuit and using the first public key as inputs to a key derivation function.1. An integrated circuit, comprising:
a processor configured to:
receive a delegate certificate, wherein the delegate certificate includes a first public key;
validate a digital signature of the delegate certificate using a second public key; and
generate a derivative key using a secret key securely stored in the integrated circuit and using the first public key as inputs to a key derivation function. 2. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the first public key is of a first party, and the secret key is a master key of the first party. 3. The integrated circuit of claim 2, wherein the first party is a service provider. 4. The integrated circuit of claim 2, wherein the first party is an original equipment manufacturer. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the secret key is available to the first party and is not available to a second party, and a second private key is of the second party and is not available to the first party. 6. The integrated circuit of claim 5, wherein the second party is a supplier of the integrated circuit. 7. The integrated circuit of claim 5, wherein the second party is a manufacturer of the integrated circuit. 8. An integrated circuit, comprising:
means for receiving a delegate certificate, wherein the delegate certificate includes signed metadata governing a security policy; means for validating a digital signature of the delegate certificate using a public key; and means for generating a derivative key using a secret key securely stored in the integrated circuit and using the signed metadata as inputs to a key derivation function. 9. The integrated circuit of claim 8, wherein the secret key is a master key of a first party. 10. The integrated circuit of claim 9, wherein the first party is a service provider. 11. The integrated circuit of claim 9, wherein the first party is an original equipment manufacturer. 12. The integrated circuit of claim 9, wherein the secret key is available to the first party and is not available to a second party, and a private key is of the second party and is not available to the first party. 13. The integrated circuit of claim 12, wherein the second party is a supplier of the integrated circuit. 14. The integrated circuit of claim 12, wherein the second party is a manufacturer of the integrated circuit. 15. A remote station, comprising:
a processor configured to:
receive a delegate certificate having a digital signature based on the delegate certificate;
validate the digital signature using a public key; and
generate a derivative key using a secret key securely stored in the processor and using the digital signature as inputs to a key derivation function. 16. The remote station of claim 15, wherein the delegate certificate includes another public key of a first party, and the secret key is a master key of the first party. 17. The remote station of claim 16, wherein the first party is a service provider. 18. The remote station of claim 16, wherein the first party is an original equipment manufacturer. 19. The remote station of claim 16, wherein the secret key is available to the second party and is not available to the first party, and the private key of the first party is not available to the second party. 20. The remote station of claim 19, wherein the second party is a supplier of a system-on-a-chip (SoC) device. 21. The remote station of claim 19, wherein the second party is a manufacturer of a system-on-a-chip (SoC) device. 22. A remote station, comprising:
a processor configured to:
receive a delegate certificate, wherein the delegate certificate includes a first public key;
validate a digital signature of the delegate certificate using a second public key; and
generate a derivative key using a secret key securely stored in the processor and using the first public key as inputs to a key derivation function. 23. The remote station of claim 22, wherein the first public key is of a first party, and the secret key is a master key of the first party. 24. The remote station of claim 23, wherein the first party is a service provider. 25. The remote station of claim 23, wherein the first party is an original equipment manufacturer. 26. The remote station of claim 23, wherein the secret key is available to the first party and is not available to a second party, and a private key is of the second party and is not available to the first party. 27. The remote station of claim 26, wherein the second party is a supplier of a system-on-a-chip (SoC) device. 28. The remote station of claim 26, wherein the second party is a manufacturer of a system-on-a-chip (SoC) device. | 2,400 |
6,833 | 6,833 | 13,709,249 | 2,448 | An endoscopic imaging system includes an endoscope, a light source assembly coupled to the endoscope that transmits light to the endoscope for illuminating a region of interest, an imaging unit coupled to the light source assembly that receives light through the endoscope reflected from the region of interest, a first power module coupled to the light source assembly that provides electrical power to the light source assembly, and a second and different power module coupled to the imaging unit that provides electrical power to the imaging unit. Other imaging systems and a method are also disclosed. | 1. An endoscopic imaging system comprising:
an endoscope; a light source assembly coupled to the endoscope that transmits light to the endoscope for illuminating a region of interest; an imaging unit coupled to the light source assembly that receives light through the endoscope reflected from the region of interest, wherein the imaging unit comprises a wireless transceiver that receives and transmits control signals and image data representing the image of the region of interest wirelessly from and to an external unit, wherein the imaging unit is coupled to the light source assembly such that the endoscope and the light source assembly are able to rotate together while the imaging unit remains stationary. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising optics coupled to the light source assembly to enable manipulation of the light to the endoscope for illuminating the region of interest. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the optics enable coupling of light emitted from the light source assembly to the endoscope. 4. The system of claim 1, further comprising an electronic light control circuitry connected to the light source and the imaging unit wherein said light control circuitry regulates a light output of the light source responsive to control signals from the imaging unit. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the light source assembly comprises an LED assembly. 6. The system of claim 1, further comprising optics located between the endoscope and the imaging unit to enable the imaging unit to receive the light reflected by the region of interest from the endoscope. 7. The system of claim 6 wherein the optics are configured to enable focusing of the image. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein the optics are configured to enable zooming into the image. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the external unit to which the wireless transceiver is wirelessly coupled is a camera control unit that:
transmits the control signals to the imaging unit; receives the image data from the imaging unit; and causes a display unit coupled to the camera control unit to display the image represented by the image data. 10. The system of claim 1, further comprising a power module coupled to the imaging unit to provide electrical power to the imaging unit and the light source assembly. 11. The system of claim 10, further comprising an electrical contact mechanism coupled to the imaging unit and the light source assembly, the electrical contact mechanism being connected to the power module to transmit electrical power provided by the power module to the light source assembly. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the imaging unit includes a cable over which the imaging unit receives and transmits control signals and image data representing the image of the region of interest from and to an external unit. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the imaging unit further receives power from an external power unit through the cable. 14. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a first power module coupled to the imaging unit to provide electrical power to the imaging unit; and a second power module coupled to the light source assembly to provide electrical power to the light source assembly. | An endoscopic imaging system includes an endoscope, a light source assembly coupled to the endoscope that transmits light to the endoscope for illuminating a region of interest, an imaging unit coupled to the light source assembly that receives light through the endoscope reflected from the region of interest, a first power module coupled to the light source assembly that provides electrical power to the light source assembly, and a second and different power module coupled to the imaging unit that provides electrical power to the imaging unit. Other imaging systems and a method are also disclosed.1. An endoscopic imaging system comprising:
an endoscope; a light source assembly coupled to the endoscope that transmits light to the endoscope for illuminating a region of interest; an imaging unit coupled to the light source assembly that receives light through the endoscope reflected from the region of interest, wherein the imaging unit comprises a wireless transceiver that receives and transmits control signals and image data representing the image of the region of interest wirelessly from and to an external unit, wherein the imaging unit is coupled to the light source assembly such that the endoscope and the light source assembly are able to rotate together while the imaging unit remains stationary. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising optics coupled to the light source assembly to enable manipulation of the light to the endoscope for illuminating the region of interest. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the optics enable coupling of light emitted from the light source assembly to the endoscope. 4. The system of claim 1, further comprising an electronic light control circuitry connected to the light source and the imaging unit wherein said light control circuitry regulates a light output of the light source responsive to control signals from the imaging unit. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the light source assembly comprises an LED assembly. 6. The system of claim 1, further comprising optics located between the endoscope and the imaging unit to enable the imaging unit to receive the light reflected by the region of interest from the endoscope. 7. The system of claim 6 wherein the optics are configured to enable focusing of the image. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein the optics are configured to enable zooming into the image. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the external unit to which the wireless transceiver is wirelessly coupled is a camera control unit that:
transmits the control signals to the imaging unit; receives the image data from the imaging unit; and causes a display unit coupled to the camera control unit to display the image represented by the image data. 10. The system of claim 1, further comprising a power module coupled to the imaging unit to provide electrical power to the imaging unit and the light source assembly. 11. The system of claim 10, further comprising an electrical contact mechanism coupled to the imaging unit and the light source assembly, the electrical contact mechanism being connected to the power module to transmit electrical power provided by the power module to the light source assembly. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the imaging unit includes a cable over which the imaging unit receives and transmits control signals and image data representing the image of the region of interest from and to an external unit. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the imaging unit further receives power from an external power unit through the cable. 14. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a first power module coupled to the imaging unit to provide electrical power to the imaging unit; and a second power module coupled to the light source assembly to provide electrical power to the light source assembly. | 2,400 |
6,834 | 6,834 | 13,295,002 | 2,459 | Equivalent concepts expressed across multiple domains are matched and associated with a metapage generated by a social networking system. User preferences expressed on multiple domains, represented as pages in a social networking system, may be organized by concept and shared with advertisers, third-party developers, and other users of the social networking system using the metapages generated for the concepts. Aggregated social information may be presented to users of the social networking system viewing a page associated with a metapage. Information presented on external websites may be used to link pages across multiple domains with a metapage generated on the social networking system. Social context information may be provided on a page associated with a metapage for a viewing user that shows expressions of interest by other users on the page and other pages associated with the metapage. | 1. A method comprising:
maintaining a plurality of metapages on a social networking system, where each metapage represents a plurality of pages on the social networking system related to a unique concept; receiving a request for social context information regarding a page on the social networking system from a viewing user of the social networking system viewing the page, the page associated with a metapage; determining social context information for the page based on actions performed by other users of the social networking system connected to the viewing user on pages associated with the metapage; and providing the social context information for the page to the user in response to the request. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving a request for social context information regarding a page on the social networking system from a viewing user of the social networking system viewing the page, the page associated with a metapage further comprises:
receiving an application programming interface (API) call from a widget embedded in an external website associated with the page, the API call including the request for social context information for the viewing user regarding the page. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining social context information for the page based on actions performed by other users of the social networking system connected to the viewing user on pages associated with the metapage further comprises:
identifying actions performed by the other users of the social networking system connected to the viewing user on pages associated with the metapage; aggregating the actions performed by the other users by action type; and determining social context information for the page based on the aggregated actions. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein determining social context information for the page based on actions performed by other users of the social networking system connected to the viewing user on pages associated with the metapage further comprises:
identifying actions performed by the other users of the social networking system connected to the viewing user on pages associated with the metapage; ranking the actions performed by the other users by relevance to the page; selecting a plurality of high-ranking actions meeting a predetermined threshold; and determining social context information for the page based on the plurality of high-ranking actions. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein determining social context information for the page based on actions performed by other users of the social networking system connected to the viewing user on pages associated with the metapage further comprises:
identifying actions performed by the other users of the social networking system connected to the viewing user on pages associated with the metapage; ranking the actions performed by the other users by affinity to the user; and determining social context information for the page based on the ranked actions. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein providing the social context information for the page to the user in response to the request further comprises:
rendering the social context information in a widget embedded in an external website. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein providing the social context information for the page to the user in response to the request further comprises:
rendering the social context information in the page on the social networking system. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein providing the social context information for the page to the user in response to the request further comprises:
rendering the social context information in a profile page on the social networking system corresponding to the user. | Equivalent concepts expressed across multiple domains are matched and associated with a metapage generated by a social networking system. User preferences expressed on multiple domains, represented as pages in a social networking system, may be organized by concept and shared with advertisers, third-party developers, and other users of the social networking system using the metapages generated for the concepts. Aggregated social information may be presented to users of the social networking system viewing a page associated with a metapage. Information presented on external websites may be used to link pages across multiple domains with a metapage generated on the social networking system. Social context information may be provided on a page associated with a metapage for a viewing user that shows expressions of interest by other users on the page and other pages associated with the metapage.1. A method comprising:
maintaining a plurality of metapages on a social networking system, where each metapage represents a plurality of pages on the social networking system related to a unique concept; receiving a request for social context information regarding a page on the social networking system from a viewing user of the social networking system viewing the page, the page associated with a metapage; determining social context information for the page based on actions performed by other users of the social networking system connected to the viewing user on pages associated with the metapage; and providing the social context information for the page to the user in response to the request. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving a request for social context information regarding a page on the social networking system from a viewing user of the social networking system viewing the page, the page associated with a metapage further comprises:
receiving an application programming interface (API) call from a widget embedded in an external website associated with the page, the API call including the request for social context information for the viewing user regarding the page. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining social context information for the page based on actions performed by other users of the social networking system connected to the viewing user on pages associated with the metapage further comprises:
identifying actions performed by the other users of the social networking system connected to the viewing user on pages associated with the metapage; aggregating the actions performed by the other users by action type; and determining social context information for the page based on the aggregated actions. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein determining social context information for the page based on actions performed by other users of the social networking system connected to the viewing user on pages associated with the metapage further comprises:
identifying actions performed by the other users of the social networking system connected to the viewing user on pages associated with the metapage; ranking the actions performed by the other users by relevance to the page; selecting a plurality of high-ranking actions meeting a predetermined threshold; and determining social context information for the page based on the plurality of high-ranking actions. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein determining social context information for the page based on actions performed by other users of the social networking system connected to the viewing user on pages associated with the metapage further comprises:
identifying actions performed by the other users of the social networking system connected to the viewing user on pages associated with the metapage; ranking the actions performed by the other users by affinity to the user; and determining social context information for the page based on the ranked actions. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein providing the social context information for the page to the user in response to the request further comprises:
rendering the social context information in a widget embedded in an external website. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein providing the social context information for the page to the user in response to the request further comprises:
rendering the social context information in the page on the social networking system. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein providing the social context information for the page to the user in response to the request further comprises:
rendering the social context information in a profile page on the social networking system corresponding to the user. | 2,400 |
6,835 | 6,835 | 14,602,631 | 2,483 | In an implementation, a supplemental sequence parameter set (“SPS”) structure is provided that has its own network abstraction layer (“NAL”) unit type and allows transmission of layer-dependent parameters for non-base layers in an SVC environment. The supplemental SPS structure also may be used for view information in an MVC environment. In a general aspect, a structure is provided that includes (1) information ( 1410 ) from an SPS NAL unit, the information describing a parameter for use in decoding a first-layer encoding of a sequence of images, and (2) information ( 1420 ) from a supplemental SPS NAL unit having a different structure than the SPS NAL unit, and the information from the supplemental SPS NAL unit describing a parameter for use in decoding a second-layer encoding of the sequence of images. Associated methods and apparatuses are provided on the encoder and decoder sides, as well as for the signal. | 1. A decoding method comprising:
accessing information from a sequence parameter set (“SPS”) network abstraction layer (“NAL”) unit, the SPS being a syntax structure which contains syntax elements that apply to zero or more entire coded video sequences, and the information describing a parameter for use in decoding a coded first-layer of an image in a sequence of images; accessing supplemental information from a NAL unit having a different NAL unit type code from that of the SPS NAL unit, and the supplemental information from the NAL unit indicating (i) a temporal indicator parameter having layer dependent information for use in decoding a coded second-layer of the image in the sequence of images; and decoding the coded first-layer, and the coded second-layer, based on, respectively, the accessed information from the SPS NAL unit, and the accessed supplemental information from the NAL unit. 2. The decoding method of claim 1 wherein the supplemental information further indicates a parameter to relate the NAL unit to a corresponding SPS NAL unit. 3. The decoding method of claim 1 wherein the supplemental information further indicates a spatial indicator parameter having layer dependent information for use in decoding the coded second-layer of the image in the sequence of images. 4. The decoding method of claim 1 wherein the supplemental information further indicates a layer indicator parameter having information for use in decoding the coded second-layer of the image in the sequence of images by providing information for use in identifying the layer of the coded second-layer. 5. A method for encoding an image in a sequence of images, the method comprising:
generating a sequence parameter set (“SPS”) network abstraction layer (“NAL”) unit, the SPS being a syntax structure which contains syntax elements that apply to zero or more entire coded video sequences, and the SPS including information describing a parameter for use in decoding a coded first-layer of an image in a sequence of images; and generating a NAL unit having a different NAL unit type code from that of the SPS NAL unit, and the NAL unit including supplemental information, the supplemental information from the NAL unit indicating a temporal indicator parameter having layer dependent information for use in decoding a coded second-layer of the image in the sequence of images. 6. The method of claim 5 wherein the supplemental information further indicates a parameter to relate the NAL unit to a corresponding SPS NAL unit. 7. The method of claim 5 wherein the supplemental information further indicates a spatial indicator parameter having layer dependent information for use in decoding the coded second-layer of the image in the sequence of images. 8. The method of claim 5 wherein the supplemental information further indicates a layer indicator parameter having information for use in decoding the coded second-layer of the image in the sequence of images by providing information for use in identifying the layer of the coded second-layer. 9. A method comprising:
accessing a sequence parameter set (“SPS”) network abstraction layer (“NAL”) unit, the SPS being a syntax structure which contains syntax elements that apply to zero or more entire coded video sequences, and the SPS including information describing a parameter for use in decoding a coded first-layer of the image; accessing a NAL unit having a different NAL unit type code from that of the SPS NAL unit, and the NAL unit including supplemental information, the supplemental information from the NAL unit indicating a temporal indicator parameter having layer dependent information for use in decoding a coded second-layer of the image; and storing data for a coding of the image, including (i) the accessed SPS NAL unit that includes information describing the parameter for use in decoding the coded first-layer of the image, and (ii) the accessed NAL unit that includes the supplemental information indicating the temporal indicator parameter having the layer dependent information for use in decoding the coded second-layer of the image. 10. The method of claim 9 wherein the supplemental information further indicates a parameter to relate the NAL unit to a corresponding SPS NAL unit. 11. The method of claim 9 wherein the supplemental information further indicates a spatial indicator parameter having layer dependent information for use in decoding the coded second-layer of the image in the sequence of images. 12. The method of claim 9 wherein the supplemental information further indicates a layer indicator parameter having information for use in decoding the coded second-layer of the image in the sequence of images by providing information for use in identifying the layer of the coded second-layer. 13. A method comprising:
accessing a sequence parameter set (“SPS”) network abstraction layer (“NAL”) unit, the SPS being a syntax structure which contains syntax elements that apply to zero or more entire coded video sequences, and the SPS including information describing a parameter for use in decoding a coded first-layer of the image; accessing a NAL unit having a different NAL unit type code from that of the SPS NAL unit, and the NAL unit including supplemental information, the supplemental information from the NAL unit indicating a temporal indicator parameter having layer dependent information for use in decoding a coded second-layer of the image; and transmitting data for a coding of the image, including (i) the accessed SPS NAL unit that includes information describing the parameter for use in decoding the coded first-layer of the image, and (ii) the accessed NAL unit that includes the supplemental information indicating the temporal indicator parameter having the layer dependent information for use in decoding the coded second-layer of the image. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein the supplemental information further indicates a parameter to relate the NAL unit to a corresponding SPS NAL unit. 15. The method of claim 13 wherein the supplemental information further indicates a spatial indicator parameter having layer dependent information for use in decoding the coded second-layer of the image in the sequence of images. 16. The method of claim 13 wherein the supplemental information further indicates a layer indicator parameter having information for use in decoding the coded second-layer of the image in the sequence of images by providing information for use in identifying the layer of the coded second-layer. | In an implementation, a supplemental sequence parameter set (“SPS”) structure is provided that has its own network abstraction layer (“NAL”) unit type and allows transmission of layer-dependent parameters for non-base layers in an SVC environment. The supplemental SPS structure also may be used for view information in an MVC environment. In a general aspect, a structure is provided that includes (1) information ( 1410 ) from an SPS NAL unit, the information describing a parameter for use in decoding a first-layer encoding of a sequence of images, and (2) information ( 1420 ) from a supplemental SPS NAL unit having a different structure than the SPS NAL unit, and the information from the supplemental SPS NAL unit describing a parameter for use in decoding a second-layer encoding of the sequence of images. Associated methods and apparatuses are provided on the encoder and decoder sides, as well as for the signal.1. A decoding method comprising:
accessing information from a sequence parameter set (“SPS”) network abstraction layer (“NAL”) unit, the SPS being a syntax structure which contains syntax elements that apply to zero or more entire coded video sequences, and the information describing a parameter for use in decoding a coded first-layer of an image in a sequence of images; accessing supplemental information from a NAL unit having a different NAL unit type code from that of the SPS NAL unit, and the supplemental information from the NAL unit indicating (i) a temporal indicator parameter having layer dependent information for use in decoding a coded second-layer of the image in the sequence of images; and decoding the coded first-layer, and the coded second-layer, based on, respectively, the accessed information from the SPS NAL unit, and the accessed supplemental information from the NAL unit. 2. The decoding method of claim 1 wherein the supplemental information further indicates a parameter to relate the NAL unit to a corresponding SPS NAL unit. 3. The decoding method of claim 1 wherein the supplemental information further indicates a spatial indicator parameter having layer dependent information for use in decoding the coded second-layer of the image in the sequence of images. 4. The decoding method of claim 1 wherein the supplemental information further indicates a layer indicator parameter having information for use in decoding the coded second-layer of the image in the sequence of images by providing information for use in identifying the layer of the coded second-layer. 5. A method for encoding an image in a sequence of images, the method comprising:
generating a sequence parameter set (“SPS”) network abstraction layer (“NAL”) unit, the SPS being a syntax structure which contains syntax elements that apply to zero or more entire coded video sequences, and the SPS including information describing a parameter for use in decoding a coded first-layer of an image in a sequence of images; and generating a NAL unit having a different NAL unit type code from that of the SPS NAL unit, and the NAL unit including supplemental information, the supplemental information from the NAL unit indicating a temporal indicator parameter having layer dependent information for use in decoding a coded second-layer of the image in the sequence of images. 6. The method of claim 5 wherein the supplemental information further indicates a parameter to relate the NAL unit to a corresponding SPS NAL unit. 7. The method of claim 5 wherein the supplemental information further indicates a spatial indicator parameter having layer dependent information for use in decoding the coded second-layer of the image in the sequence of images. 8. The method of claim 5 wherein the supplemental information further indicates a layer indicator parameter having information for use in decoding the coded second-layer of the image in the sequence of images by providing information for use in identifying the layer of the coded second-layer. 9. A method comprising:
accessing a sequence parameter set (“SPS”) network abstraction layer (“NAL”) unit, the SPS being a syntax structure which contains syntax elements that apply to zero or more entire coded video sequences, and the SPS including information describing a parameter for use in decoding a coded first-layer of the image; accessing a NAL unit having a different NAL unit type code from that of the SPS NAL unit, and the NAL unit including supplemental information, the supplemental information from the NAL unit indicating a temporal indicator parameter having layer dependent information for use in decoding a coded second-layer of the image; and storing data for a coding of the image, including (i) the accessed SPS NAL unit that includes information describing the parameter for use in decoding the coded first-layer of the image, and (ii) the accessed NAL unit that includes the supplemental information indicating the temporal indicator parameter having the layer dependent information for use in decoding the coded second-layer of the image. 10. The method of claim 9 wherein the supplemental information further indicates a parameter to relate the NAL unit to a corresponding SPS NAL unit. 11. The method of claim 9 wherein the supplemental information further indicates a spatial indicator parameter having layer dependent information for use in decoding the coded second-layer of the image in the sequence of images. 12. The method of claim 9 wherein the supplemental information further indicates a layer indicator parameter having information for use in decoding the coded second-layer of the image in the sequence of images by providing information for use in identifying the layer of the coded second-layer. 13. A method comprising:
accessing a sequence parameter set (“SPS”) network abstraction layer (“NAL”) unit, the SPS being a syntax structure which contains syntax elements that apply to zero or more entire coded video sequences, and the SPS including information describing a parameter for use in decoding a coded first-layer of the image; accessing a NAL unit having a different NAL unit type code from that of the SPS NAL unit, and the NAL unit including supplemental information, the supplemental information from the NAL unit indicating a temporal indicator parameter having layer dependent information for use in decoding a coded second-layer of the image; and transmitting data for a coding of the image, including (i) the accessed SPS NAL unit that includes information describing the parameter for use in decoding the coded first-layer of the image, and (ii) the accessed NAL unit that includes the supplemental information indicating the temporal indicator parameter having the layer dependent information for use in decoding the coded second-layer of the image. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein the supplemental information further indicates a parameter to relate the NAL unit to a corresponding SPS NAL unit. 15. The method of claim 13 wherein the supplemental information further indicates a spatial indicator parameter having layer dependent information for use in decoding the coded second-layer of the image in the sequence of images. 16. The method of claim 13 wherein the supplemental information further indicates a layer indicator parameter having information for use in decoding the coded second-layer of the image in the sequence of images by providing information for use in identifying the layer of the coded second-layer. | 2,400 |
6,836 | 6,836 | 14,402,176 | 2,437 | The invention relates to a method for storing data in a relational database, comprising a plurality of tables, wherein the data is stored in these tables, wherein each row of each table is provided with an original primary key for identification, and wherein foreign keys are provided for cross-referencing different tables of the relational database, wherein the primary keys are encrypted, wherein the foreign keys are encrypted based on the encrypted primary keys and wherein for each table where a primary key is referenced as a foreign key an encrypted pointer is stored to link the corresponding encrypted foreign key to the encrypted primary key. The present invention further relates to a relational database server. | 1. A method for storing data in a relational database, comprising
a plurality of tables (T1, T2), wherein the data is stored in these tables, wherein each row of each table (T1, T2) is provided with an original primary key (PK) for identification, and wherein foreign keys (FK) are provided for cross-referencing different tables (T1, T2) of the relational database, characterized in that the primary keys (PK) are encrypted, that the foreign keys (FK) are encrypted based on the encrypted primary keys (PK) and that for each table where a primary key (PK) is referenced as a foreign key (FK) an encrypted pointer (P) is stored to link the corresponding encrypted foreign key (FK) to the encrypted primary key (PK). 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the primary keys (PK) and/or the foreign keys (FK) are encrypted by symmetric encryption, preferably AES. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that multiple occurrences of foreign keys (FK) in the same table (T1, T2) are linked consecutively based on at least a prior occurrence. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that for the first occurrence of a foreign key (FK) in a table (T1, T2) this foreign key (FK) is generated by encrypting the corresponding encrypted primary key (PK) and a value for table identification. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that pointers (P) are encrypted with a encryption key (K2) different from the encryption key (K1) for encrypting the primary keys (PK) and/or foreign keys (FK). 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a control table is generated, preferably encrypted. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the encryption keys (K1, K2) for encrypting the primary keys (PK) and/or the pointers (P) is stored outside the relational database. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the encrypted foreign keys (FK) are stored in form of a linked list starting from the from the foreign key (FK) that links to the primary key (PK). 9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the primary keys (PK) are provided in form of extra identifiers, preferably generated by the relational database itself. 10. A relational database server for storing data, preferably for performing with a method according to claim 1, is configured to provide a plurality of tables (T1, T2), to store the data in these tables (T1, T2), to provide each row of each table (T1, T2) with an original primary key (PK) for identification, and to provide foreign keys (FK) for cross-referencing different tables (T1, T2),
characterized in that the relational database server is configured to encrypt the primary keys (PK), to encrypt the foreign keys (FK) based on the encrypted primary keys (PK) and to store an encrypted pointer (P) to link the corresponding encrypted foreign key (FK) to the encrypted primary key (PK) for each table (T1, T2) where a primary key (PK) is referenced as a foreign key (FK). 11. The relational database server according to claim 10, characterized in that the relational database server is connected to a encryption server, wherein the encryption server is configured to provide encryption keys (K1, K2) for encrypting the primary keys (PK) and/or the pointers (P). | The invention relates to a method for storing data in a relational database, comprising a plurality of tables, wherein the data is stored in these tables, wherein each row of each table is provided with an original primary key for identification, and wherein foreign keys are provided for cross-referencing different tables of the relational database, wherein the primary keys are encrypted, wherein the foreign keys are encrypted based on the encrypted primary keys and wherein for each table where a primary key is referenced as a foreign key an encrypted pointer is stored to link the corresponding encrypted foreign key to the encrypted primary key. The present invention further relates to a relational database server.1. A method for storing data in a relational database, comprising
a plurality of tables (T1, T2), wherein the data is stored in these tables, wherein each row of each table (T1, T2) is provided with an original primary key (PK) for identification, and wherein foreign keys (FK) are provided for cross-referencing different tables (T1, T2) of the relational database, characterized in that the primary keys (PK) are encrypted, that the foreign keys (FK) are encrypted based on the encrypted primary keys (PK) and that for each table where a primary key (PK) is referenced as a foreign key (FK) an encrypted pointer (P) is stored to link the corresponding encrypted foreign key (FK) to the encrypted primary key (PK). 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the primary keys (PK) and/or the foreign keys (FK) are encrypted by symmetric encryption, preferably AES. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that multiple occurrences of foreign keys (FK) in the same table (T1, T2) are linked consecutively based on at least a prior occurrence. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that for the first occurrence of a foreign key (FK) in a table (T1, T2) this foreign key (FK) is generated by encrypting the corresponding encrypted primary key (PK) and a value for table identification. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that pointers (P) are encrypted with a encryption key (K2) different from the encryption key (K1) for encrypting the primary keys (PK) and/or foreign keys (FK). 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a control table is generated, preferably encrypted. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the encryption keys (K1, K2) for encrypting the primary keys (PK) and/or the pointers (P) is stored outside the relational database. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the encrypted foreign keys (FK) are stored in form of a linked list starting from the from the foreign key (FK) that links to the primary key (PK). 9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the primary keys (PK) are provided in form of extra identifiers, preferably generated by the relational database itself. 10. A relational database server for storing data, preferably for performing with a method according to claim 1, is configured to provide a plurality of tables (T1, T2), to store the data in these tables (T1, T2), to provide each row of each table (T1, T2) with an original primary key (PK) for identification, and to provide foreign keys (FK) for cross-referencing different tables (T1, T2),
characterized in that the relational database server is configured to encrypt the primary keys (PK), to encrypt the foreign keys (FK) based on the encrypted primary keys (PK) and to store an encrypted pointer (P) to link the corresponding encrypted foreign key (FK) to the encrypted primary key (PK) for each table (T1, T2) where a primary key (PK) is referenced as a foreign key (FK). 11. The relational database server according to claim 10, characterized in that the relational database server is connected to a encryption server, wherein the encryption server is configured to provide encryption keys (K1, K2) for encrypting the primary keys (PK) and/or the pointers (P). | 2,400 |
6,837 | 6,837 | 13,879,762 | 2,469 | In an embodiment, a method for the control of access network/access technology selection for the routing of IP traffic by a User Equipment UE in a multi-access communication system, based on operator's policies, is provided, wherein: -said operator's policies include Quality of Service QoS-based policies, based on IP traffic matching specific QoS filters. | 1. A method for the control of access network/access technology selection for the routing of IP traffic by a User Equipment UE in a multi-access communication system, based on operator's policies, a method wherein:
said operator's policies include Quality of Service QoS-based policies, based on IP traffic matching specific QoS filters. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein:
said operator's policies include Quality of Service QoS-based policies, based on IP traffic matching specific filters on the Quality of Service provided by a mobile communication system to this IP traffic. 3. A method according to claim 2, wherein:
said Quality of Service provided by a mobile communication system has been determined by a Quality of Service Policy server in the mobile communication system. 4. A method according to claim 1, wherein:
said QoS-based policies comprise one or more Filter Rules, each one identifying a prioritized list of access technologies/access networks to be used by the UE when available to route traffic that matches specific QoS filters. 5. A method according to claim 1, wherein:
said QoS-based policies comprise one or more Filter Rules, each one identifying which access technologies/access networks are restricted for traffic that matches specific QoS filters. 6. A method according to claim 1, comprising:
downloading said QoS-based policies to a User Equipment. 7. A method according to claim 1, comprising:
a policy server, in particular ANDSF, downloading said QoS-based policies to a User Equipment. 8. A method according to claim 1, comprising:
notifying a User Equipment of the QoS associated with a Service Data Flow SDF, at the time of a service execution. 9. A method according to claim 1, comprising:
a User Equipment selecting an access network/access technology for the routing of IP traffic, based on said QoS-based policies and on the QoS associated with a Service Data Flow carrying said traffic. 10. A method according to claim 1, in a system comprising 3GPP and non-3GPP access networks/access technologies, said method comprising:
notifying a User Equipment UE of the QoS associated with a Service Data Flow SDF, using signaling exchanged between UE and 3GPP Core Network for establishment or modification of a bearer on which said SDF is mapped. 11. A method for QoS support in a multi-access communication system comprising 3GPP and non-3GPP access networks/access technologies, said method comprising:
notification of a User Equipment UE that does not require establishment or modification of a bearer over a 3GPP access network/access technology for a Service Data Flow SDF, of the QoS associated with said SDF, assigned by a 3GPP Core Network. 12. A method according to claim 11, comprising:
notifying a User Equipment UE of the QoS associated with a Service Data Flow SDF, using dedicated signaling exchanged between UE and 3GPP Core Network over a 3GPP access network/access technology. 13. A method according to claim 11, comprising:
notifying a User Equipment UE of the QoS associated with a Service Data Flow SDF, using dedicated signaling exchanged between UE and 3GPP Core Network over a non-3GPP access network/access technology. 14. A method according to claim 9, in a system supporting Quality of Service QoS-based policies based on IP traffic matching specific QoS filters, for the control of access network/access technology selection for the routing of IP traffic by a User Equipment. 15. A User Equipment, comprising means for performing a method according to claim 1. 16. A network entity such as policy server, in a multi-access communication system, comprising means for performing a method according to to claim 1. 17. A network entity such as network entity in charge of signaling in a multi-access communication system, comprising means for performing a method according to claim 1. | In an embodiment, a method for the control of access network/access technology selection for the routing of IP traffic by a User Equipment UE in a multi-access communication system, based on operator's policies, is provided, wherein: -said operator's policies include Quality of Service QoS-based policies, based on IP traffic matching specific QoS filters.1. A method for the control of access network/access technology selection for the routing of IP traffic by a User Equipment UE in a multi-access communication system, based on operator's policies, a method wherein:
said operator's policies include Quality of Service QoS-based policies, based on IP traffic matching specific QoS filters. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein:
said operator's policies include Quality of Service QoS-based policies, based on IP traffic matching specific filters on the Quality of Service provided by a mobile communication system to this IP traffic. 3. A method according to claim 2, wherein:
said Quality of Service provided by a mobile communication system has been determined by a Quality of Service Policy server in the mobile communication system. 4. A method according to claim 1, wherein:
said QoS-based policies comprise one or more Filter Rules, each one identifying a prioritized list of access technologies/access networks to be used by the UE when available to route traffic that matches specific QoS filters. 5. A method according to claim 1, wherein:
said QoS-based policies comprise one or more Filter Rules, each one identifying which access technologies/access networks are restricted for traffic that matches specific QoS filters. 6. A method according to claim 1, comprising:
downloading said QoS-based policies to a User Equipment. 7. A method according to claim 1, comprising:
a policy server, in particular ANDSF, downloading said QoS-based policies to a User Equipment. 8. A method according to claim 1, comprising:
notifying a User Equipment of the QoS associated with a Service Data Flow SDF, at the time of a service execution. 9. A method according to claim 1, comprising:
a User Equipment selecting an access network/access technology for the routing of IP traffic, based on said QoS-based policies and on the QoS associated with a Service Data Flow carrying said traffic. 10. A method according to claim 1, in a system comprising 3GPP and non-3GPP access networks/access technologies, said method comprising:
notifying a User Equipment UE of the QoS associated with a Service Data Flow SDF, using signaling exchanged between UE and 3GPP Core Network for establishment or modification of a bearer on which said SDF is mapped. 11. A method for QoS support in a multi-access communication system comprising 3GPP and non-3GPP access networks/access technologies, said method comprising:
notification of a User Equipment UE that does not require establishment or modification of a bearer over a 3GPP access network/access technology for a Service Data Flow SDF, of the QoS associated with said SDF, assigned by a 3GPP Core Network. 12. A method according to claim 11, comprising:
notifying a User Equipment UE of the QoS associated with a Service Data Flow SDF, using dedicated signaling exchanged between UE and 3GPP Core Network over a 3GPP access network/access technology. 13. A method according to claim 11, comprising:
notifying a User Equipment UE of the QoS associated with a Service Data Flow SDF, using dedicated signaling exchanged between UE and 3GPP Core Network over a non-3GPP access network/access technology. 14. A method according to claim 9, in a system supporting Quality of Service QoS-based policies based on IP traffic matching specific QoS filters, for the control of access network/access technology selection for the routing of IP traffic by a User Equipment. 15. A User Equipment, comprising means for performing a method according to claim 1. 16. A network entity such as policy server, in a multi-access communication system, comprising means for performing a method according to to claim 1. 17. A network entity such as network entity in charge of signaling in a multi-access communication system, comprising means for performing a method according to claim 1. | 2,400 |
6,838 | 6,838 | 14,819,559 | 2,486 | A vehicle includes an interface and a controller. The interface is supported by a structural member of the vehicle and configured to display video output from a camera. The controller is configured to, in response to an error associated with the camera, move the interface to a predetermined position to change a field of view of a vicinity of the vehicle and reflected by the interface. | 1. An information display system for a vehicle comprising:
an interface supported on a side of the vehicle and configured to display output from a camera; and a controller configured to, in response to a display anomaly, stop displaying the output and move the interface to a predetermined position to increase a field of view associated with the side of the vehicle and reflected by the interface. 2. The information display system of claim 1 wherein the display anomaly is in response to image segmentation indicating a blockage of the camera. 3. The information display system of claim 1 wherein the display anomaly is in response to image segmentation indicating a brightness being less than a threshold. 4. The information display system of claim 1 wherein the controller is disposed within the camera. 5. The information display system of claim 1 wherein the interface has a convex shape. 6. The information display system of claim 1 wherein the controller is further configured to, in response to activation of a turn signal, permit the interface to access the output from the camera. 7. A control method for an information system of a vehicle comprising:
in response to a fault message associated with a camera, moving by a controller an interface configured to display output from the camera to a predetermined position selected to increase a field of view next to the vehicle and reflected by the interface for a driver of the vehicle. 8. The control method of claim 7 further comprising generating the fault message in response to image segmentation indicating blockage of the camera. 9. The control method of claim 7 further comprising generating the fault message in response to image segmentation indicating a brightness being less than a threshold. 10. The control method of claim 7, wherein the camera is configured to capture an image of an exterior of the vehicle. 11. The control method of claim 7, wherein the interface has a convex shape. 12. A vehicle comprising:
an interface supported by a structural member of the vehicle and configured to display video output from a camera; and a controller configured to, in response to an error associated with the camera, move the interface to a predetermined position to change a field of view of a vicinity of the vehicle and reflected by the interface. 13. The vehicle of claim 12 wherein the interface has a dielectric glass outermost layer. 14. The vehicle of claim 13 wherein the controller is further configured to alter a current applied to the interface. 15. The vehicle of claim 12 wherein the interface has a convex shape. 16. The vehicle of claim 12 wherein the predetermined position is user defined. 17. The vehicle of claim 12 wherein the error is in response to image segmentation indicating a blockage of the camera. 18. The vehicle of claim 12 wherein the error is in response to image segmentation indicating a brightness being less than a threshold. | A vehicle includes an interface and a controller. The interface is supported by a structural member of the vehicle and configured to display video output from a camera. The controller is configured to, in response to an error associated with the camera, move the interface to a predetermined position to change a field of view of a vicinity of the vehicle and reflected by the interface.1. An information display system for a vehicle comprising:
an interface supported on a side of the vehicle and configured to display output from a camera; and a controller configured to, in response to a display anomaly, stop displaying the output and move the interface to a predetermined position to increase a field of view associated with the side of the vehicle and reflected by the interface. 2. The information display system of claim 1 wherein the display anomaly is in response to image segmentation indicating a blockage of the camera. 3. The information display system of claim 1 wherein the display anomaly is in response to image segmentation indicating a brightness being less than a threshold. 4. The information display system of claim 1 wherein the controller is disposed within the camera. 5. The information display system of claim 1 wherein the interface has a convex shape. 6. The information display system of claim 1 wherein the controller is further configured to, in response to activation of a turn signal, permit the interface to access the output from the camera. 7. A control method for an information system of a vehicle comprising:
in response to a fault message associated with a camera, moving by a controller an interface configured to display output from the camera to a predetermined position selected to increase a field of view next to the vehicle and reflected by the interface for a driver of the vehicle. 8. The control method of claim 7 further comprising generating the fault message in response to image segmentation indicating blockage of the camera. 9. The control method of claim 7 further comprising generating the fault message in response to image segmentation indicating a brightness being less than a threshold. 10. The control method of claim 7, wherein the camera is configured to capture an image of an exterior of the vehicle. 11. The control method of claim 7, wherein the interface has a convex shape. 12. A vehicle comprising:
an interface supported by a structural member of the vehicle and configured to display video output from a camera; and a controller configured to, in response to an error associated with the camera, move the interface to a predetermined position to change a field of view of a vicinity of the vehicle and reflected by the interface. 13. The vehicle of claim 12 wherein the interface has a dielectric glass outermost layer. 14. The vehicle of claim 13 wherein the controller is further configured to alter a current applied to the interface. 15. The vehicle of claim 12 wherein the interface has a convex shape. 16. The vehicle of claim 12 wherein the predetermined position is user defined. 17. The vehicle of claim 12 wherein the error is in response to image segmentation indicating a blockage of the camera. 18. The vehicle of claim 12 wherein the error is in response to image segmentation indicating a brightness being less than a threshold. | 2,400 |
6,839 | 6,839 | 13,970,546 | 2,461 | Systems and methods for fall-back rate-matching and timing for user equipment (UE) configured for downlink (DL) Coordinated Multi-Point Transmission (CoMP) are disclosed. In one embodiment, when a UE configured in DL CoMP receives a fall-back transmission, PDSCH is rate-matched around the serving cell CRS. In an alternative embodiment, when a UE configured in DL CoMP receives a fall-back transmission, PDSCH is rate-matched or uses timing around one of the cell-specific reference symbol (CRS) resource element (RE) set indicated by RRC-higher layer signaling. For example, PDSCH may be rate-matched or use timing around the first RRC higher layer configured CRS RE set. | 1. A method for determining physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) rate-matching comprising:
receive a fall-back transmission from a base station at a user equipment (UE) configured for downlink coordinated multi-point transmission (CoMP); and in response to the fall-back transmission, perform PDSCH demodulation assuming PDSCH rate-matching based upon a default cell-specific reference symbol (CRS) resource element (RE) set. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the default CRS RE set is the serving base station CRS RE set. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the default CRS RE set is the first CRS RE set of a plurality of CRS RE sets configured by a radio resource control (RRC) higher layer. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the fall-back transmission is on a compact downlink control information (DCI) format. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the DCI format is fall-back scheduling on a DCI 1A format. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determine a value of a CRS resource element (RE) signaling field in a downlink control information (DCI) signal received from a base station; and if no fall-back transmission is received, perform PDSCH demodulation assuming rate-matching based upon a CRS RE set corresponding to the value in the downlink control signal. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the default CRS RE set is a serving base station CRS RE set. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the default CRS RE set is a first CRS RE set of a plurality of CRS RE sets configured by a radio resource control (RRC) higher layer. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the value of the CRS RE signaling field in the DCI signal corresponds to a CRS RE set configured by a radio resource control (RRC) higher layer. 10. A method for determining physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) timing comprising:
receive a fall-back transmission from a base station at a user equipment (UE) configured for downlink coordinated multi-point transmission (CoMP); and in response to the fall-back transmission, perform PDSCH demodulation using a default PDSCH timing assumption. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the default PDSCH timing is timing for a default cell-specific reference symbol (CRS) resource element (RE) set or a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the default PDSCH timing is timing of a serving base station CRS, or a first channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource of a plurality of CSI-RS resources configured by a Radio Resource Control (RRC) higher layer. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the fall-back transmission is on a compact downlink control information (DCI) format. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the DCI format is fall-back scheduling on a DCI 1A format. 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
determine a value of a CRS resource element (RE) signaling field in a downlink control information (DCI) signal received from a base station; if no fall-back transmission is received, perform PDSCH demodulation using downlink timing for a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource corresponding to the value in the downlink control signal; and in response to the fall-back transmission, perform PDSCH demodulation using downlink timing for a default CRS RE set or a first CSI-RS resource of a plurality of CSI-RS resources configured by a radio resource control (RRC) higher layer. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the default CRS RE set is a serving cell CRS. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the value of a CSI-RS resource signaling field in the DCI signal corresponds to a CSI-RS resource configured by the RRC higher layer. 18. A user equipment device, comprising:
a receiver circuit configured to:
receive a fall-back transmission from a base station when the user equipment device is configured for downlink coordinated multi-point transmission (CoMP); and
a processor circuit configured to:
in response to the fall-back transmission, perform PDSCH demodulation assuming PDSCH rate-matching based upon a default cell-specific reference symbol (CRS) resource element (RE) set. 19. The user equipment of claim 18, the processor further configured to:
determine a value of a CRS resource element (RE) signaling field in a downlink control information (DCI) signal received from a base station; and if no fall-back transmission is received, perform PDSCH demodulation assuming rate-matching based upon a CRS RE set corresponding to the value in the downlink control signal, wherein the value of the CRS RE signaling field in the DCI signal corresponds to a CRS RE set configured by a radio resource control (RRC) higher layer. 20. The user equipment of claim 18, wherein the default CRS RE set is selected from a serving base station CRS RE set, a first CRS RE set of a plurality of CRS RE sets configured by a radio resource control (RRC) higher layer. | Systems and methods for fall-back rate-matching and timing for user equipment (UE) configured for downlink (DL) Coordinated Multi-Point Transmission (CoMP) are disclosed. In one embodiment, when a UE configured in DL CoMP receives a fall-back transmission, PDSCH is rate-matched around the serving cell CRS. In an alternative embodiment, when a UE configured in DL CoMP receives a fall-back transmission, PDSCH is rate-matched or uses timing around one of the cell-specific reference symbol (CRS) resource element (RE) set indicated by RRC-higher layer signaling. For example, PDSCH may be rate-matched or use timing around the first RRC higher layer configured CRS RE set.1. A method for determining physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) rate-matching comprising:
receive a fall-back transmission from a base station at a user equipment (UE) configured for downlink coordinated multi-point transmission (CoMP); and in response to the fall-back transmission, perform PDSCH demodulation assuming PDSCH rate-matching based upon a default cell-specific reference symbol (CRS) resource element (RE) set. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the default CRS RE set is the serving base station CRS RE set. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the default CRS RE set is the first CRS RE set of a plurality of CRS RE sets configured by a radio resource control (RRC) higher layer. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the fall-back transmission is on a compact downlink control information (DCI) format. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the DCI format is fall-back scheduling on a DCI 1A format. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determine a value of a CRS resource element (RE) signaling field in a downlink control information (DCI) signal received from a base station; and if no fall-back transmission is received, perform PDSCH demodulation assuming rate-matching based upon a CRS RE set corresponding to the value in the downlink control signal. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the default CRS RE set is a serving base station CRS RE set. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the default CRS RE set is a first CRS RE set of a plurality of CRS RE sets configured by a radio resource control (RRC) higher layer. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the value of the CRS RE signaling field in the DCI signal corresponds to a CRS RE set configured by a radio resource control (RRC) higher layer. 10. A method for determining physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) timing comprising:
receive a fall-back transmission from a base station at a user equipment (UE) configured for downlink coordinated multi-point transmission (CoMP); and in response to the fall-back transmission, perform PDSCH demodulation using a default PDSCH timing assumption. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the default PDSCH timing is timing for a default cell-specific reference symbol (CRS) resource element (RE) set or a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the default PDSCH timing is timing of a serving base station CRS, or a first channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource of a plurality of CSI-RS resources configured by a Radio Resource Control (RRC) higher layer. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the fall-back transmission is on a compact downlink control information (DCI) format. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the DCI format is fall-back scheduling on a DCI 1A format. 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
determine a value of a CRS resource element (RE) signaling field in a downlink control information (DCI) signal received from a base station; if no fall-back transmission is received, perform PDSCH demodulation using downlink timing for a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource corresponding to the value in the downlink control signal; and in response to the fall-back transmission, perform PDSCH demodulation using downlink timing for a default CRS RE set or a first CSI-RS resource of a plurality of CSI-RS resources configured by a radio resource control (RRC) higher layer. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the default CRS RE set is a serving cell CRS. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the value of a CSI-RS resource signaling field in the DCI signal corresponds to a CSI-RS resource configured by the RRC higher layer. 18. A user equipment device, comprising:
a receiver circuit configured to:
receive a fall-back transmission from a base station when the user equipment device is configured for downlink coordinated multi-point transmission (CoMP); and
a processor circuit configured to:
in response to the fall-back transmission, perform PDSCH demodulation assuming PDSCH rate-matching based upon a default cell-specific reference symbol (CRS) resource element (RE) set. 19. The user equipment of claim 18, the processor further configured to:
determine a value of a CRS resource element (RE) signaling field in a downlink control information (DCI) signal received from a base station; and if no fall-back transmission is received, perform PDSCH demodulation assuming rate-matching based upon a CRS RE set corresponding to the value in the downlink control signal, wherein the value of the CRS RE signaling field in the DCI signal corresponds to a CRS RE set configured by a radio resource control (RRC) higher layer. 20. The user equipment of claim 18, wherein the default CRS RE set is selected from a serving base station CRS RE set, a first CRS RE set of a plurality of CRS RE sets configured by a radio resource control (RRC) higher layer. | 2,400 |
6,840 | 6,840 | 13,993,667 | 2,415 | A wireless relay device emits a beacon and makes a wireless connection with a terminal responding to the beacon, which includes a selecting section capable of alternatively selecting a normal mode in which the beacon is emitted in a first cycle and a power saving mode in which the beacon is emitted in a second cycle longer than the first cycle. | 1. A wireless relay device emitting a beacon and making a wireless connection with a terminal responding to the beacon, the device comprising:
a selecting section capable of alternatively selecting a normal mode in which the beacon is emitted in a first cycle and a power saving mode in which the beacon is emitted in a second cycle longer than the first cycle. 2. The wireless relay device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a user interface section for providing a user interface for making a specification to the selecting section as to select between the normal mode and the power saving mode. 3. A wireless LAN system including the wireless relay device according to claim 1, wherein the system has a control device including a user interface section for providing user interface for making a specification to the selecting section as to select between the normal mode and the power saving on a LAN. 4. The wireless relay device according to claim 2, wherein the user interface section can alternatively specify the normal mode and the power saving mode according to a schedule on a time-series basis. 5. The wireless relay device according to claim 1, wherein the selecting section can alternatively specify the normal mode and the power saving mode according to presence or absence of reception of a beacon from another wireless relay device. 6. The wireless relay device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a cycle changing means capable of changing the second cycle in a stepwise or stepless manner. 7. A method of controlling a wireless relay device emitting a beacon and making a wireless connection with a terminal responding to the beacon,
the method comprising: alternatively selecting a normal mode in which the beacon is emitted in a first cycle and a power saving mode in which the beacon is emitted in a second cycle longer than the first cycle. 8. (canceled) 9. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a program that is executable by a computer of a wireless relay device, the program being executable by the computer to perform functions comprising:
processing for emitting a beacon and making a wireless connection with a terminal responding to the beacon as a selecting section capable of alternatively selecting a noimal mode in which the beacon is emitted in a first cycle and a power saving mode in which the beacon is emitted in a second cycle longer than the first cycle. | A wireless relay device emits a beacon and makes a wireless connection with a terminal responding to the beacon, which includes a selecting section capable of alternatively selecting a normal mode in which the beacon is emitted in a first cycle and a power saving mode in which the beacon is emitted in a second cycle longer than the first cycle.1. A wireless relay device emitting a beacon and making a wireless connection with a terminal responding to the beacon, the device comprising:
a selecting section capable of alternatively selecting a normal mode in which the beacon is emitted in a first cycle and a power saving mode in which the beacon is emitted in a second cycle longer than the first cycle. 2. The wireless relay device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a user interface section for providing a user interface for making a specification to the selecting section as to select between the normal mode and the power saving mode. 3. A wireless LAN system including the wireless relay device according to claim 1, wherein the system has a control device including a user interface section for providing user interface for making a specification to the selecting section as to select between the normal mode and the power saving on a LAN. 4. The wireless relay device according to claim 2, wherein the user interface section can alternatively specify the normal mode and the power saving mode according to a schedule on a time-series basis. 5. The wireless relay device according to claim 1, wherein the selecting section can alternatively specify the normal mode and the power saving mode according to presence or absence of reception of a beacon from another wireless relay device. 6. The wireless relay device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a cycle changing means capable of changing the second cycle in a stepwise or stepless manner. 7. A method of controlling a wireless relay device emitting a beacon and making a wireless connection with a terminal responding to the beacon,
the method comprising: alternatively selecting a normal mode in which the beacon is emitted in a first cycle and a power saving mode in which the beacon is emitted in a second cycle longer than the first cycle. 8. (canceled) 9. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a program that is executable by a computer of a wireless relay device, the program being executable by the computer to perform functions comprising:
processing for emitting a beacon and making a wireless connection with a terminal responding to the beacon as a selecting section capable of alternatively selecting a noimal mode in which the beacon is emitted in a first cycle and a power saving mode in which the beacon is emitted in a second cycle longer than the first cycle. | 2,400 |
6,841 | 6,841 | 14,354,914 | 2,465 | A device for selective connection of at least one first piece of computer equipment to a plurality of second pieces of computer equipment. The device comprising a first Ethernet port for connection to the first equipment, second Ethernet ports for connection to each of the second pieces of equipment, a selector arranged to connect the first Ethernet port physically and in selective manner to the second Ethernet ports, and a selector control unit. A data processing assembly comprising pieces of equipment connected to at least one such connection device. | 1. A device for selective connection of at least one first piece of computer equipment to a plurality of second pieces of computer equipment, the device comprising a first Ethernet port for connection to the first equipment, second Ethernet ports for connection to each of the second pieces of equipment, a selector arranged to connect the first Ethernet port physically and in selective manner to the second Ethernet ports, and a selector control unit. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the selector has a disconnection position in which all of the second Ethernet ports are disconnected. 3. The device according to claim 2, wherein the control unit is programmed in such a manner that the selector is in the position for disconnecting all of the second Ethernet ports when the control unit is not powered. 4. The device according to claim 1, including a discrete signal inlet port. 5. The device according to claim 4, including at least as many discrete signal outlet ports as there are second Ethernet ports, and the selector is arranged to connect the discrete inlet port physically and in selective manner to the discrete outlet ports. 6. The device according to claim 4, wherein the control unit is programmed in such a manner that the selector is in a position for disconnecting all of the discrete outlet ports when no discrete signal is present on the inlet port. 7. The device according to claim 4, including a discrete chaining outlet for chaining to at least one connection device of the same type, and the control unit is arranged to transmit thereto any frame that is not addressed to the second pieces of equipment to which the connection device is connected. 8. The device according to claim 1, including a chaining Ethernet port for chaining to at least one connection device of the same type, and the control unit is arranged to transmit thereto any frame that is not addressed to the second pieces of equipment to which the connection device is connected. 9. The data processing assembly according to claim 1, comprising pieces of equipment connected to at least one connection device. | A device for selective connection of at least one first piece of computer equipment to a plurality of second pieces of computer equipment. The device comprising a first Ethernet port for connection to the first equipment, second Ethernet ports for connection to each of the second pieces of equipment, a selector arranged to connect the first Ethernet port physically and in selective manner to the second Ethernet ports, and a selector control unit. A data processing assembly comprising pieces of equipment connected to at least one such connection device.1. A device for selective connection of at least one first piece of computer equipment to a plurality of second pieces of computer equipment, the device comprising a first Ethernet port for connection to the first equipment, second Ethernet ports for connection to each of the second pieces of equipment, a selector arranged to connect the first Ethernet port physically and in selective manner to the second Ethernet ports, and a selector control unit. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the selector has a disconnection position in which all of the second Ethernet ports are disconnected. 3. The device according to claim 2, wherein the control unit is programmed in such a manner that the selector is in the position for disconnecting all of the second Ethernet ports when the control unit is not powered. 4. The device according to claim 1, including a discrete signal inlet port. 5. The device according to claim 4, including at least as many discrete signal outlet ports as there are second Ethernet ports, and the selector is arranged to connect the discrete inlet port physically and in selective manner to the discrete outlet ports. 6. The device according to claim 4, wherein the control unit is programmed in such a manner that the selector is in a position for disconnecting all of the discrete outlet ports when no discrete signal is present on the inlet port. 7. The device according to claim 4, including a discrete chaining outlet for chaining to at least one connection device of the same type, and the control unit is arranged to transmit thereto any frame that is not addressed to the second pieces of equipment to which the connection device is connected. 8. The device according to claim 1, including a chaining Ethernet port for chaining to at least one connection device of the same type, and the control unit is arranged to transmit thereto any frame that is not addressed to the second pieces of equipment to which the connection device is connected. 9. The data processing assembly according to claim 1, comprising pieces of equipment connected to at least one connection device. | 2,400 |
6,842 | 6,842 | 14,372,524 | 2,486 | A vehicle vision system includes a plurality of cameras disposed at a vehicle and having respective exterior fields of view and a display screen for displaying images derived from captured image data in a surround view format where captured image data is merged to provide a single composite display image from a virtual viewing position. A gesture sensing device is operable to sense a gesture made by the driver of the vehicle. A control provides a selected displayed image for viewing by the driver to assist the driver during a particular driving maneuver. The control is responsive to sensing by the gesture sensing device, whereby the driver can adjust the displayed image by at least one of (a) touch and (b) gesture to adjust at least one of (i) a virtual viewing location, (ii) a virtual viewing angle, (iii) a degree of zoom and (iv) a degree of panning. | 1: A vehicle vision system comprising:
a plurality of cameras disposed at a vehicle equipped with said vision system and having respective exterior fields of view, said plurality of cameras comprising a forward viewing camera at a front portion of the equipped vehicle, a rearward viewing camera at a rear portion of the equipped vehicle, a driver side sideward viewing camera at a driver side of the equipped vehicle and a passenger side sideward viewing camera at a passenger side of the equipped vehicle; a display screen for displaying images derived from image data captured by said cameras in a surround view format where captured image data is merged to provide a single composite display image representative of a view from a virtual viewing position; a control operable to adjust at least one of (i) a virtual viewing location of the displayed composite image, (ii) a virtual viewing angle of the displayed composite image, (iii) a degree of zoom of the displayed composite image and (iv) a degree of panning of the displayed composite image; a gesture sensing device operable to sense a gesture made by a driver of the equipped vehicle; and wherein said control is responsive to sensing by said gesture sensing device of a gesture made by the driver, and wherein, responsive at least in part to a determined gesture made by the driver, said control adjusts said at least one of (i) a virtual viewing location of the displayed composite image, (ii) a virtual viewing angle of the displayed composite image, (iii) a degree of zoom of the displayed composite image and (iv) a degree of panning of the displayed composite image. 2: The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein said control is operable to discern a gesture made by a hand of the driver of the equipped vehicle. 3: The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein said gesture sensing device is operable to determine a gesture made by the driver at a touch input and wherein said control is operable to discern a type of touch made by a hand of the driver of the equipped vehicle. 4: The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein said control is operable to discern a type of gesture made by a hand of the driver of the equipped vehicle, and wherein the type of gesture comprises at least one of (a) a tapping made by at least one finger of the hand of the driver and (b) a sliding motion made by at least one finger of the hand of the driver. 5. (canceled) 6: The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein said control is operable to discern a gesture movement made by fingers of a hand of the driver at or proximate a touch screen of said gesture sensing device. 7: The vehicle vision system of claim 6, wherein said control is operable to discern gesture movements made by two or more fingers of the hand of the driver at or proximate said touch screen. 8: The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein said control is operable to discern a gesture made by two or more fingers of a hand of the driver. 9: The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein said control is operable to adjust the displayed images responsive to detection of one or more fingers of a hand of the driver touching and moving at a touch screen of said gesture sensing device. 10: The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein said gesture sensing device comprises at least one of (i) a time of flight sensor, (ii) at least one camera having a field of view interior of the equipped vehicle, (iii) a single camera having a field of view interior of the equipped vehicle and comprising motion disparity detection, and (iv) two cameras having fields of view interior of the equipped vehicle and comprising stereo camera disparity detection. 11: The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein said control comprises an image processor and wherein, responsive to image processing of captured image data by said image processor, said vision system is operable to highlight displayed images of one or more hazards detected in the field of view of at least one of said cameras. 12: The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein, responsive to a determination of a head movement made by the driver of the equipped vehicle, said control is operable to adjust a virtual viewing location of the displayed image. 13: A vehicle vision system comprising:
a plurality of cameras disposed at a vehicle equipped with said vision system and having respective exterior fields of view, said plurality of cameras comprising a forward viewing camera at a front portion of the equipped vehicle, a rearward viewing camera at a rear portion of the equipped vehicle, a driver side sideward viewing camera at a driver side of the equipped vehicle and a passenger side sideward viewing camera at a passenger side of the equipped vehicle; a display screen for displaying images derived from image data captured by said cameras in a surround view format where captured image data is merged to provide a single composite display image representative of a view from a virtual viewing position; a control operable to adjust at least one of (i) a virtual viewing location of the displayed composite image, (ii) a virtual viewing angle of the displayed composite image, (iii) a degree of zoom of the displayed composite image and (iv) a degree of panning of the displayed composite image; a gesture sensing device operable to sense a gesture made by a driver of the equipped vehicle, wherein said gesture sensing device comprises an interior camera having a field of view interior the equipped vehicle that encompasses at least a portion of an area typically occupied by a driver of the equipped vehicle; and wherein said control is responsive to sensing by said gesture sensing device of a gesture made by the driver, and wherein, responsive at least in part to a determined gesture made by the driver, said control adjusts said at least one of (i) a virtual viewing location of the displayed composite image, (ii) a virtual viewing angle of the displayed composite image, (iii) a degree of zoom of the displayed composite image and (iv) a degree of panning of the displayed composite image. 14: The vehicle vision system of claim 13, wherein said control is operable to discern a gesture made by a hand of the driver of the equipped vehicle. 15: The vehicle vision system of claim 13, wherein said control is operable to discern a type of gesture made by a hand of the driver of the equipped vehicle, and wherein the type of gesture comprises at least one of (a) a tapping made by at least one finger of a hand of the driver and (b) a sliding motion made by at least one finger of a hand of the driver. 16: The vehicle vision system of claim 13, wherein said control is operable to discern a gesture made by two or more fingers of a hand of the driver. 17: The vehicle vision system of claim 13, wherein said control comprises an image processor and wherein, responsive to image processing of captured image data by said image processor, said vision system is operable to highlight displayed images of one or more hazards detected in the field of view of at least one of said cameras. 18: A vehicle vision system comprising:
a plurality of cameras disposed at a vehicle equipped with said vision system and having respective exterior fields of view, said plurality of cameras comprising at least a rearward viewing camera at a rear portion of the equipped vehicle, a driver side sideward viewing camera at a driver side of the equipped vehicle and a passenger side sideward viewing camera at a passenger side of the equipped vehicle; a display screen for displaying images derived from image data captured by said cameras in a surround view format where captured image data is merged to provide a single composite display image representative of a view from a virtual viewing position; a control operable to adjust at least one of (i) a virtual viewing location of the displayed composite image, (ii) a virtual viewing angle of the displayed composite image, (iii) a degree of zoom of the displayed composite image and (iv) a degree of panning of the displayed composite image; a gesture sensing device operable to sense a gesture made by a hand of a driver of the equipped vehicle, wherein said gesture sensing device comprises an interior camera having a field of view interior the equipped vehicle that encompasses at least a portion of an area typically occupied by a driver of the equipped vehicle; wherein said control is responsive to sensing of a driver's hand gesture by said gesture sensing device, and wherein, responsive at least in part to a determined hand gesture by the driver, said control adjusts said at least one of (i) a virtual viewing location of the displayed composite image, (ii) a virtual viewing angle of the displayed composite image, (iii) a degree of zoom of the displayed composite image and (iv) a degree of panning of the displayed composite image; and wherein, responsive to a determination of a head movement made by the driver of the equipped vehicle, said control is operable to adjust a virtual viewing location of the displayed image. 19: The vehicle vision system of claim 18, wherein said control is operable to discern a driver's hand gesture made by two or more fingers of the hand of the driver. 20: The vehicle vision system of claim 18, wherein, responsive to image processing of captured image data, said vision system is operable to highlight displayed images of one or more hazards detected in the field of view of at least one of said cameras. 21: The vehicle vision system of claim 18, wherein, responsive to a determination of a head movement made by the driver of the equipped vehicle that is indicative of the driver looking upward or downward, said control is operable to vertically adjust the virtual viewing location of the displayed image. | A vehicle vision system includes a plurality of cameras disposed at a vehicle and having respective exterior fields of view and a display screen for displaying images derived from captured image data in a surround view format where captured image data is merged to provide a single composite display image from a virtual viewing position. A gesture sensing device is operable to sense a gesture made by the driver of the vehicle. A control provides a selected displayed image for viewing by the driver to assist the driver during a particular driving maneuver. The control is responsive to sensing by the gesture sensing device, whereby the driver can adjust the displayed image by at least one of (a) touch and (b) gesture to adjust at least one of (i) a virtual viewing location, (ii) a virtual viewing angle, (iii) a degree of zoom and (iv) a degree of panning.1: A vehicle vision system comprising:
a plurality of cameras disposed at a vehicle equipped with said vision system and having respective exterior fields of view, said plurality of cameras comprising a forward viewing camera at a front portion of the equipped vehicle, a rearward viewing camera at a rear portion of the equipped vehicle, a driver side sideward viewing camera at a driver side of the equipped vehicle and a passenger side sideward viewing camera at a passenger side of the equipped vehicle; a display screen for displaying images derived from image data captured by said cameras in a surround view format where captured image data is merged to provide a single composite display image representative of a view from a virtual viewing position; a control operable to adjust at least one of (i) a virtual viewing location of the displayed composite image, (ii) a virtual viewing angle of the displayed composite image, (iii) a degree of zoom of the displayed composite image and (iv) a degree of panning of the displayed composite image; a gesture sensing device operable to sense a gesture made by a driver of the equipped vehicle; and wherein said control is responsive to sensing by said gesture sensing device of a gesture made by the driver, and wherein, responsive at least in part to a determined gesture made by the driver, said control adjusts said at least one of (i) a virtual viewing location of the displayed composite image, (ii) a virtual viewing angle of the displayed composite image, (iii) a degree of zoom of the displayed composite image and (iv) a degree of panning of the displayed composite image. 2: The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein said control is operable to discern a gesture made by a hand of the driver of the equipped vehicle. 3: The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein said gesture sensing device is operable to determine a gesture made by the driver at a touch input and wherein said control is operable to discern a type of touch made by a hand of the driver of the equipped vehicle. 4: The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein said control is operable to discern a type of gesture made by a hand of the driver of the equipped vehicle, and wherein the type of gesture comprises at least one of (a) a tapping made by at least one finger of the hand of the driver and (b) a sliding motion made by at least one finger of the hand of the driver. 5. (canceled) 6: The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein said control is operable to discern a gesture movement made by fingers of a hand of the driver at or proximate a touch screen of said gesture sensing device. 7: The vehicle vision system of claim 6, wherein said control is operable to discern gesture movements made by two or more fingers of the hand of the driver at or proximate said touch screen. 8: The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein said control is operable to discern a gesture made by two or more fingers of a hand of the driver. 9: The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein said control is operable to adjust the displayed images responsive to detection of one or more fingers of a hand of the driver touching and moving at a touch screen of said gesture sensing device. 10: The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein said gesture sensing device comprises at least one of (i) a time of flight sensor, (ii) at least one camera having a field of view interior of the equipped vehicle, (iii) a single camera having a field of view interior of the equipped vehicle and comprising motion disparity detection, and (iv) two cameras having fields of view interior of the equipped vehicle and comprising stereo camera disparity detection. 11: The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein said control comprises an image processor and wherein, responsive to image processing of captured image data by said image processor, said vision system is operable to highlight displayed images of one or more hazards detected in the field of view of at least one of said cameras. 12: The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein, responsive to a determination of a head movement made by the driver of the equipped vehicle, said control is operable to adjust a virtual viewing location of the displayed image. 13: A vehicle vision system comprising:
a plurality of cameras disposed at a vehicle equipped with said vision system and having respective exterior fields of view, said plurality of cameras comprising a forward viewing camera at a front portion of the equipped vehicle, a rearward viewing camera at a rear portion of the equipped vehicle, a driver side sideward viewing camera at a driver side of the equipped vehicle and a passenger side sideward viewing camera at a passenger side of the equipped vehicle; a display screen for displaying images derived from image data captured by said cameras in a surround view format where captured image data is merged to provide a single composite display image representative of a view from a virtual viewing position; a control operable to adjust at least one of (i) a virtual viewing location of the displayed composite image, (ii) a virtual viewing angle of the displayed composite image, (iii) a degree of zoom of the displayed composite image and (iv) a degree of panning of the displayed composite image; a gesture sensing device operable to sense a gesture made by a driver of the equipped vehicle, wherein said gesture sensing device comprises an interior camera having a field of view interior the equipped vehicle that encompasses at least a portion of an area typically occupied by a driver of the equipped vehicle; and wherein said control is responsive to sensing by said gesture sensing device of a gesture made by the driver, and wherein, responsive at least in part to a determined gesture made by the driver, said control adjusts said at least one of (i) a virtual viewing location of the displayed composite image, (ii) a virtual viewing angle of the displayed composite image, (iii) a degree of zoom of the displayed composite image and (iv) a degree of panning of the displayed composite image. 14: The vehicle vision system of claim 13, wherein said control is operable to discern a gesture made by a hand of the driver of the equipped vehicle. 15: The vehicle vision system of claim 13, wherein said control is operable to discern a type of gesture made by a hand of the driver of the equipped vehicle, and wherein the type of gesture comprises at least one of (a) a tapping made by at least one finger of a hand of the driver and (b) a sliding motion made by at least one finger of a hand of the driver. 16: The vehicle vision system of claim 13, wherein said control is operable to discern a gesture made by two or more fingers of a hand of the driver. 17: The vehicle vision system of claim 13, wherein said control comprises an image processor and wherein, responsive to image processing of captured image data by said image processor, said vision system is operable to highlight displayed images of one or more hazards detected in the field of view of at least one of said cameras. 18: A vehicle vision system comprising:
a plurality of cameras disposed at a vehicle equipped with said vision system and having respective exterior fields of view, said plurality of cameras comprising at least a rearward viewing camera at a rear portion of the equipped vehicle, a driver side sideward viewing camera at a driver side of the equipped vehicle and a passenger side sideward viewing camera at a passenger side of the equipped vehicle; a display screen for displaying images derived from image data captured by said cameras in a surround view format where captured image data is merged to provide a single composite display image representative of a view from a virtual viewing position; a control operable to adjust at least one of (i) a virtual viewing location of the displayed composite image, (ii) a virtual viewing angle of the displayed composite image, (iii) a degree of zoom of the displayed composite image and (iv) a degree of panning of the displayed composite image; a gesture sensing device operable to sense a gesture made by a hand of a driver of the equipped vehicle, wherein said gesture sensing device comprises an interior camera having a field of view interior the equipped vehicle that encompasses at least a portion of an area typically occupied by a driver of the equipped vehicle; wherein said control is responsive to sensing of a driver's hand gesture by said gesture sensing device, and wherein, responsive at least in part to a determined hand gesture by the driver, said control adjusts said at least one of (i) a virtual viewing location of the displayed composite image, (ii) a virtual viewing angle of the displayed composite image, (iii) a degree of zoom of the displayed composite image and (iv) a degree of panning of the displayed composite image; and wherein, responsive to a determination of a head movement made by the driver of the equipped vehicle, said control is operable to adjust a virtual viewing location of the displayed image. 19: The vehicle vision system of claim 18, wherein said control is operable to discern a driver's hand gesture made by two or more fingers of the hand of the driver. 20: The vehicle vision system of claim 18, wherein, responsive to image processing of captured image data, said vision system is operable to highlight displayed images of one or more hazards detected in the field of view of at least one of said cameras. 21: The vehicle vision system of claim 18, wherein, responsive to a determination of a head movement made by the driver of the equipped vehicle that is indicative of the driver looking upward or downward, said control is operable to vertically adjust the virtual viewing location of the displayed image. | 2,400 |
6,843 | 6,843 | 14,577,039 | 2,456 | A method include receiving, at a first cache device, a request to send a first asset to a second device; determining whether the first asset is stored at the first cache device; when the determining whether the first asset is stored at the first cache device indicates that first asset is not stored at the first cache device, obtaining, at the first cache device, the first asset, performing a comparison operation based on an average inter-arrival time of the first asset with respect to the first cache device and a characteristic time of the first cache device, the characteristic time of the first cache device being an average period of time assets cached at the first cache device are cached before being evicted from the first cache device, and determining whether or not to cache the obtained first asset at the first cache device based on the comparison; and sending the obtained first asset to the second device. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving, at a first cache device, a request to send a first asset to a second device; determining whether the first asset is stored at the first cache device; when the determining whether the first asset is stored at the first cache device indicates that first asset is not stored at the first cache device,
obtaining, at the first cache device, the first asset,
performing a comparison operation based on an average inter-arrival time of the first asset with respect to the first cache device and a characteristic time of the first cache device,
the characteristic time of the first cache device being an average period of time between receipt of last requests for, and eviction of, assets cached at the first cache, and
determining whether or not to cache the obtained first asset at the first cache device based on the comparison; and
sending the obtained first asset to the second device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein,
the first cache is one of a plurality of cache devices of a content distribution network, the plurality of cache devices being divided into a plurality of hierarchy levels, and the method further comprises: for each cache device of each hierarchy level, from among the plurality of cache devices divided into the plurality of hierarchy levels,
determining, with respect to the cache device, an average inter-arrival time of a requested asset, when a request for the requested asset is received, and
determining a characteristic time of the cache device, when the cache evicts an asset. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining the characteristic time of the first cache device by,
initializing the characteristic time of the first cache device as a value which is higher than the initialized value of the average inter-arrival time of the first asset with respect to the first cache device, and
updating the characteristic time of the first cache device based on exponentially weighted moving average of periods of time between receipt of last requests for, and eviction of, assets cached at the first cache device, in accordance with a least recently used (LRU) cache eviction policy. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the updating the characteristic time of the first cache device further includes,
gently increasing the characteristic time of the first cache device by applying a gentle increase operation on the characteristic time of the first cache device, when the first cache evicts an asset. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining the average inter-arrival time of the first asset with respect to the first cache device by,
initializing the average inter-arrival time of the first asset with respect to first cache device as a value lower than the initialized value of the characteristic value of the first cache device, and
updating the average inter-arrival time of the first asset with respect to the first cache device based on exponentially weighted moving average of periods of time between consecutive receipts of requests, at the first cache device, to send the first asset to another device. 6. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
assigning the first asset to a first database, when an initial request for the first asset is received at the first cache device,
when a second request is received consecutively with respect to the initial request,
determining an inter-arrival time of the first asset based on times at which the initial and second requests were received at the first cache device, and
assigning the first asset to an inter-arrival time database, the inter-arrival time database storing arrival times of requests corresponding to assets, the inter-arrival time database being different than the first database; and
removing the second asset from the inter-arrival database when,
the inter-arrival time of the second asset becomes greater than a reference value, or
the inter-arrival time of the second asset is the largest inter-arrival time among inter-arrival times of assets currently assigned to the inter-arrival time data base at a point in time when a new asset is added to the inter-arrival time database and a total number of the assets currently assigned to the inter-arrival time database is greater than database capacity value. 7. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
assigning the first asset to a first database, when an initial request for the first asset is received at the first cache device,
when a second request is received consecutively with respect to the initial request,
determining an inter-arrival time of the first asset based on times at which the initial and second requests were received at the first cache device, and
assigning the first asset to an inter-arrival time database, the inter-arrival time database storing arrival times of requests corresponding to assets, the inter-arrival time database being different than the first database; and
removing the second asset from the inter-arrival database when,
the inter-arrival time of the second asset becomes greater than a reference value, or
the last request of the second asset is the oldest among request times of all assets currently assigned to the inter-arrival time data base at a point in time when a new asset is added to the inter-arrival time database and a total number of the assets currently assigned to the inter-arrival time database is greater than database capacity value. 8. A first cache device comprising:
a processing unit including a processor, the first cache device being programmed to perform, with the processor, operations including,
receiving, at the first cache device, a request to send a first asset to a second device;
determining whether the first asset is stored at the first cache device;
when the determining whether the first asset is stored at the first cache device indicates that first asset is not stored at the first cache device,
obtaining, at the first cache device, the first asset,
performing a comparison operation based on an average inter-arrival time of the first asset with respect to the first cache device and a characteristic time of the first cache device,
the characteristic time of the first cache device being an average period of time between receipt of last requests for, and eviction of, assets cached at the first cache device, and
determining whether or not to cache the obtained first asset at the first cache device based on the comparison; and
sending the obtained first asset to the second device. 9. The first cache device of claim 8, wherein, the operations the first cache is programmed to perform further include,
determining, with respect to the first cache device, an average inter-arrival time of a requested asset, when a request for the requested asset is received, and determining a characteristic time of the first cache device, when the cache evicts an asset. 10. The first cache of claim 8, wherein the operations further include,
determining the characteristic time of the first cache device by,
initializing the characteristic time of the first cache device as a value which is higher than the initialized value of the average inter-arrival time of the first asset with respect to the first cache device, and
updating the characteristic time of the first cache device based on exponentially weighted moving average of periods of time between receipt of last requests for, and eviction of, assets cached at the first cache device, in accordance with a least recently used (LRU) cache eviction policy. 11. The first cache of claim 8, wherein the updating the characteristic time of the first cache device further includes,
gently increasing the characteristic time of the first cache device by applying a gentle increase operation on the characteristic time of the first cache device, when the first cache evicts an asset. 12. The first cache of claim 8, wherein the operations the first cache is programmed to perform further include,
determining the average inter-arrival time of the first asset with respect to first cache device by,
initializing the average inter-arrival time of the first asset with respect to the first cache device as a large lower than the initialized value of the characteristic value of the first cache device, and
updating the average inter-arrival time of the first asset with respect to the first cache device based on exponentially weighted moving average of periods of time between consecutive receipts of requests, at the first cache device, to send the first asset to another device. 13. The first cache of claim 8 wherein the operations the first cache is programmed to perform further include,
assigning the first asset to a first database, when an initial request for the first asset is received at the first cache device,
when a second request is received consecutively with respect to the initial request,
determining an inter-arrival time of the first asset based on times at which the initial and second requests were received at the first cache device, and
assigning the first asset to an inter-arrival time database, the inter-arrival time database storing arrival times of requests corresponding to assets, the inter-arrival time database being different that the first database; and
removing the second asset from the inter-arrival database when,
the inter-arrival time of the second asset becomes greater than a reference value, or
the inter-arrival time of the first asset is the largest inter-arrival time among inter-arrival times of assets currently assigned to the inter-arrival time data base at a point in time when a new asset is added to the inter-arrival time database and a total number of the assets currently assigned to the inter-arrival time database is greater than database capacity value. 14. The first cache of claim 8 wherein the operations the first cache is programmed to perform further include,
assigning the first asset to a first database, when an initial request for the first asset is received at the first cache device,
when a second request is received consecutively with respect to the initial request,
determining an inter-arrival time of the first asset based on times at which the initial and second requests were received at the first cache device, and
assigning the first asset to an inter-arrival time database, the inter-arrival time database storing arrival times of requests corresponding to assets, the inter-arrival time database being different that the first database; and
removing the second asset from the inter-arrival database when,
the inter-arrival time of the second asset becomes greater than a reference value, or
the last request of the second asset is the oldest among request times of all assets currently assigned to the inter-arrival time data base at a point in time when a new asset is added to the inter-arrival time database and a total number of the assets currently assigned to the inter-arrival time database is greater than database capacity value. 15. A method of operating a content distribution network, the content distribution network including a plurality of first cache devices, the plurality of first cache devices being divided into a plurality of hierarchy levels, the method comprising:
performing a first caching operation for each of the plurality of first cache devices, respectively, such that, for each one of the plurality of first caching devices divided into the plurality of hierarchy levels, the first caching operation includes,
receiving, at the first cache device, a request to send a first asset to a second device;
determining whether the first asset is stored at the first cache device;
when the determining whether the first asset is stored at the first cache device indicates that first asset is not stored at the first cache device,
obtaining, at the first cache device, the first asset,
performing a comparison operation based on an average inter-arrival time of the first asset with respect to the first cache device and a characteristic time of the first cache device,
the characteristic time of the first cache device being an average period of time between receipt of last requests for, and eviction of, assets cached at the first cache device, and
determining whether or not to cache the obtained first asset at the first cache device based on the comparison; and
sending the obtained first asset to the second device. 16. A content distribution system comprising:
a plurality of first cache devices, the plurality of first cache devices being divided into a plurality of hierarchy levels, each of the plurality of first caches devices being programmed to perform a first caching operation, respectively, such that, for each one of the plurality of first caching devices, the first caching operation includes,
receiving, at the first cache device, a request to send a first asset to a second device;
determining whether the first asset is stored at the first cache device;
when the determining whether the first asset is stored at the first cache device indicates that first asset is not stored at the first cache device,
obtaining, at the first cache device, the first asset,
performing a comparison operation based on an average inter-arrival time of the first asset with respect to the first cache device and a characteristic time of the first cache device,
the characteristic time of the first cache device being an average period of time between receipt of last requests for, and eviction of, assets cached at the first cache device, and
determining whether or not to cache the obtained first asset at the first cache device based on the comparison; and
sending the obtained first asset to the second device. | A method include receiving, at a first cache device, a request to send a first asset to a second device; determining whether the first asset is stored at the first cache device; when the determining whether the first asset is stored at the first cache device indicates that first asset is not stored at the first cache device, obtaining, at the first cache device, the first asset, performing a comparison operation based on an average inter-arrival time of the first asset with respect to the first cache device and a characteristic time of the first cache device, the characteristic time of the first cache device being an average period of time assets cached at the first cache device are cached before being evicted from the first cache device, and determining whether or not to cache the obtained first asset at the first cache device based on the comparison; and sending the obtained first asset to the second device.1. A method comprising:
receiving, at a first cache device, a request to send a first asset to a second device; determining whether the first asset is stored at the first cache device; when the determining whether the first asset is stored at the first cache device indicates that first asset is not stored at the first cache device,
obtaining, at the first cache device, the first asset,
performing a comparison operation based on an average inter-arrival time of the first asset with respect to the first cache device and a characteristic time of the first cache device,
the characteristic time of the first cache device being an average period of time between receipt of last requests for, and eviction of, assets cached at the first cache, and
determining whether or not to cache the obtained first asset at the first cache device based on the comparison; and
sending the obtained first asset to the second device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein,
the first cache is one of a plurality of cache devices of a content distribution network, the plurality of cache devices being divided into a plurality of hierarchy levels, and the method further comprises: for each cache device of each hierarchy level, from among the plurality of cache devices divided into the plurality of hierarchy levels,
determining, with respect to the cache device, an average inter-arrival time of a requested asset, when a request for the requested asset is received, and
determining a characteristic time of the cache device, when the cache evicts an asset. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining the characteristic time of the first cache device by,
initializing the characteristic time of the first cache device as a value which is higher than the initialized value of the average inter-arrival time of the first asset with respect to the first cache device, and
updating the characteristic time of the first cache device based on exponentially weighted moving average of periods of time between receipt of last requests for, and eviction of, assets cached at the first cache device, in accordance with a least recently used (LRU) cache eviction policy. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the updating the characteristic time of the first cache device further includes,
gently increasing the characteristic time of the first cache device by applying a gentle increase operation on the characteristic time of the first cache device, when the first cache evicts an asset. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining the average inter-arrival time of the first asset with respect to the first cache device by,
initializing the average inter-arrival time of the first asset with respect to first cache device as a value lower than the initialized value of the characteristic value of the first cache device, and
updating the average inter-arrival time of the first asset with respect to the first cache device based on exponentially weighted moving average of periods of time between consecutive receipts of requests, at the first cache device, to send the first asset to another device. 6. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
assigning the first asset to a first database, when an initial request for the first asset is received at the first cache device,
when a second request is received consecutively with respect to the initial request,
determining an inter-arrival time of the first asset based on times at which the initial and second requests were received at the first cache device, and
assigning the first asset to an inter-arrival time database, the inter-arrival time database storing arrival times of requests corresponding to assets, the inter-arrival time database being different than the first database; and
removing the second asset from the inter-arrival database when,
the inter-arrival time of the second asset becomes greater than a reference value, or
the inter-arrival time of the second asset is the largest inter-arrival time among inter-arrival times of assets currently assigned to the inter-arrival time data base at a point in time when a new asset is added to the inter-arrival time database and a total number of the assets currently assigned to the inter-arrival time database is greater than database capacity value. 7. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
assigning the first asset to a first database, when an initial request for the first asset is received at the first cache device,
when a second request is received consecutively with respect to the initial request,
determining an inter-arrival time of the first asset based on times at which the initial and second requests were received at the first cache device, and
assigning the first asset to an inter-arrival time database, the inter-arrival time database storing arrival times of requests corresponding to assets, the inter-arrival time database being different than the first database; and
removing the second asset from the inter-arrival database when,
the inter-arrival time of the second asset becomes greater than a reference value, or
the last request of the second asset is the oldest among request times of all assets currently assigned to the inter-arrival time data base at a point in time when a new asset is added to the inter-arrival time database and a total number of the assets currently assigned to the inter-arrival time database is greater than database capacity value. 8. A first cache device comprising:
a processing unit including a processor, the first cache device being programmed to perform, with the processor, operations including,
receiving, at the first cache device, a request to send a first asset to a second device;
determining whether the first asset is stored at the first cache device;
when the determining whether the first asset is stored at the first cache device indicates that first asset is not stored at the first cache device,
obtaining, at the first cache device, the first asset,
performing a comparison operation based on an average inter-arrival time of the first asset with respect to the first cache device and a characteristic time of the first cache device,
the characteristic time of the first cache device being an average period of time between receipt of last requests for, and eviction of, assets cached at the first cache device, and
determining whether or not to cache the obtained first asset at the first cache device based on the comparison; and
sending the obtained first asset to the second device. 9. The first cache device of claim 8, wherein, the operations the first cache is programmed to perform further include,
determining, with respect to the first cache device, an average inter-arrival time of a requested asset, when a request for the requested asset is received, and determining a characteristic time of the first cache device, when the cache evicts an asset. 10. The first cache of claim 8, wherein the operations further include,
determining the characteristic time of the first cache device by,
initializing the characteristic time of the first cache device as a value which is higher than the initialized value of the average inter-arrival time of the first asset with respect to the first cache device, and
updating the characteristic time of the first cache device based on exponentially weighted moving average of periods of time between receipt of last requests for, and eviction of, assets cached at the first cache device, in accordance with a least recently used (LRU) cache eviction policy. 11. The first cache of claim 8, wherein the updating the characteristic time of the first cache device further includes,
gently increasing the characteristic time of the first cache device by applying a gentle increase operation on the characteristic time of the first cache device, when the first cache evicts an asset. 12. The first cache of claim 8, wherein the operations the first cache is programmed to perform further include,
determining the average inter-arrival time of the first asset with respect to first cache device by,
initializing the average inter-arrival time of the first asset with respect to the first cache device as a large lower than the initialized value of the characteristic value of the first cache device, and
updating the average inter-arrival time of the first asset with respect to the first cache device based on exponentially weighted moving average of periods of time between consecutive receipts of requests, at the first cache device, to send the first asset to another device. 13. The first cache of claim 8 wherein the operations the first cache is programmed to perform further include,
assigning the first asset to a first database, when an initial request for the first asset is received at the first cache device,
when a second request is received consecutively with respect to the initial request,
determining an inter-arrival time of the first asset based on times at which the initial and second requests were received at the first cache device, and
assigning the first asset to an inter-arrival time database, the inter-arrival time database storing arrival times of requests corresponding to assets, the inter-arrival time database being different that the first database; and
removing the second asset from the inter-arrival database when,
the inter-arrival time of the second asset becomes greater than a reference value, or
the inter-arrival time of the first asset is the largest inter-arrival time among inter-arrival times of assets currently assigned to the inter-arrival time data base at a point in time when a new asset is added to the inter-arrival time database and a total number of the assets currently assigned to the inter-arrival time database is greater than database capacity value. 14. The first cache of claim 8 wherein the operations the first cache is programmed to perform further include,
assigning the first asset to a first database, when an initial request for the first asset is received at the first cache device,
when a second request is received consecutively with respect to the initial request,
determining an inter-arrival time of the first asset based on times at which the initial and second requests were received at the first cache device, and
assigning the first asset to an inter-arrival time database, the inter-arrival time database storing arrival times of requests corresponding to assets, the inter-arrival time database being different that the first database; and
removing the second asset from the inter-arrival database when,
the inter-arrival time of the second asset becomes greater than a reference value, or
the last request of the second asset is the oldest among request times of all assets currently assigned to the inter-arrival time data base at a point in time when a new asset is added to the inter-arrival time database and a total number of the assets currently assigned to the inter-arrival time database is greater than database capacity value. 15. A method of operating a content distribution network, the content distribution network including a plurality of first cache devices, the plurality of first cache devices being divided into a plurality of hierarchy levels, the method comprising:
performing a first caching operation for each of the plurality of first cache devices, respectively, such that, for each one of the plurality of first caching devices divided into the plurality of hierarchy levels, the first caching operation includes,
receiving, at the first cache device, a request to send a first asset to a second device;
determining whether the first asset is stored at the first cache device;
when the determining whether the first asset is stored at the first cache device indicates that first asset is not stored at the first cache device,
obtaining, at the first cache device, the first asset,
performing a comparison operation based on an average inter-arrival time of the first asset with respect to the first cache device and a characteristic time of the first cache device,
the characteristic time of the first cache device being an average period of time between receipt of last requests for, and eviction of, assets cached at the first cache device, and
determining whether or not to cache the obtained first asset at the first cache device based on the comparison; and
sending the obtained first asset to the second device. 16. A content distribution system comprising:
a plurality of first cache devices, the plurality of first cache devices being divided into a plurality of hierarchy levels, each of the plurality of first caches devices being programmed to perform a first caching operation, respectively, such that, for each one of the plurality of first caching devices, the first caching operation includes,
receiving, at the first cache device, a request to send a first asset to a second device;
determining whether the first asset is stored at the first cache device;
when the determining whether the first asset is stored at the first cache device indicates that first asset is not stored at the first cache device,
obtaining, at the first cache device, the first asset,
performing a comparison operation based on an average inter-arrival time of the first asset with respect to the first cache device and a characteristic time of the first cache device,
the characteristic time of the first cache device being an average period of time between receipt of last requests for, and eviction of, assets cached at the first cache device, and
determining whether or not to cache the obtained first asset at the first cache device based on the comparison; and
sending the obtained first asset to the second device. | 2,400 |
6,844 | 6,844 | 14,498,287 | 2,465 | A collection of wearable communicating devices generates signals that may be detected and analyzed to produce a fingerprint of the collection of wearable devices. An analysis unit may recognize patterns or other information in detected signals and generate a fingerprint of a body area network corresponding to the collection of wearable devices. The fingerprint may be fuzzy fingerprint, matchable with a fingerprint of a similar, but not necessarily identical, collection of wearable devices that has been previously generated or obtained. The fingerprint may be used for tracking or other purposes. Some embodiments may allow the generation of additional signals that modify the fingerprint. | 1. A machine readable medium, on which are stored instructions for recognizing a person by a programmable device, comprising instructions that when executed cause the programmable device to:
detect signals from a first plurality of wearable devices proximate with or disposed on an individual; and generate a first body area network fingerprint corresponding to the detected signals; and match the first body area network fingerprint with a second body area network fingerprint associated with a second plurality of wearable devices. 2. The machine readable medium of claim 1, further comprising:
a first sensor, configured to sense electromagnetic signals; and a second sensor, configured to sense non-electromagnetic signals. 3. The machine readable medium of claim 1, wherein the second body area network fingerprint is associated with an individual. 4. The machine readable medium of claim 1, wherein a subset of the first plurality of wearable devices corresponds to a subset of the second plurality of wearable devices. 5. The machine readable medium of claim 1, wherein the instructions that when executed cause the programmable device to generate a first body area network fingerprint comprise instructions that when executed cause the programmable device to:
identify communications between the first plurality of wearable devices and a hub device. 6. The machine readable medium of claim 1, wherein the instructions that when executed cause the programmable device to detect signals comprise instructions that when executed cause the programmable device to:
analyze the signals without interpreting data payloads carried by the signals. 7. The machine readable medium of claim 1, wherein the instructions further comprise instructions that when executed cause the programmable device to:
associate location information with the first body area network fingerprint; and track movement of the individual based on the location information. 8. The machine readable medium of claim 1, wherein the instructions further comprise instructions that when executed cause the programmable device to:
link a plurality of body area network fingerprints with a group of people. 9. The machine readable medium of claim 1, wherein the instructions further comprise instructions that when executed cause the programmable device to:
simulate communications that appear to be from a non-present device. 10. A method of fingerprinting a set of wearable devices, comprising:
detecting by sensors communications sent to or from the set of wearable devices; analyzing by an analysis unit the communications without interpreting data payloads contained in the communications; generating a fuzzy fingerprint corresponding to types of devices contained in the set of wearable devices; and matching the fuzzy fingerprint with a previously generated fuzzy fingerprint. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the sensors comprise directional sensors. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein matching the fuzzy fingerprint comprises:
sending the fuzzy fingerprint to a remote programmable system for matching. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein matching the fuzzy fingerprint comprises:
comparing the fuzzy fingerprint with fingerprints stored in a database. 14. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
associating location data with the fuzzy fingerprint; and storing the fuzzy fingerprint and associated location data in a database. 15. A body area network recognizer, comprising:
a sensor, configured to detect signals corresponding to communications to or from a first set of wearable devices; and an analysis unit, configured to analyze the detected signals and generate a fuzzy fingerprint of the set of wearable devices, wherein the fingerprint is a fuzzy fingerprint, matchable with a fingerprint of a second set of wearable devices, the second set of wearable devices having a subset in common with a subset of the first set of wearable devices. 16. The body area network recognizer of claim 15, wherein the body area network recognizer is a wearable device. 17. The body area network recognizer of claim 15, further comprising:
a communication interface, configured to send the fingerprint to a remote device for matching with previously generated fingerprints. 18. A system for tracking an individual, comprising:
a sensor; a programmable device, coupled to the sensor; and a memory, coupled to the programmable device, on which are stored instructions that when executed cause the programmable device to:
recognize patterns contained in signals detected by the sensor; and
generate a first fingerprint of a first set of wearable devices corresponding to the signals. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the instructions further comprise instructions that when executed cause the programmable device to:
match the first fingerprint with a second fingerprint. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein a subset of the first set of wearable devices corresponds to a subset of a second set of wearable devices associated with the second fingerprint. 21. The system of claim 18, wherein the instructions further comprise instructions that when executed cause the programmable device to associate a location data with the first fingerprint. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the instructions further comprise instructions that when executed cause the programmable device to store the location data and the first fingerprint. 23. The system of claim 18, wherein the instructions further comprise instructions that when executed cause the programmable device to:
generate signals corresponding to devices not contained in the first set of wearable devices. 24. The system of claim 18, wherein the instructions that when executed cause the programmable device to recognize patterns contained in signals detected by the sensor comprise instructions that when executed cause the programmable device to recognize patterns without interpreting data payloads contained in the signals. 25. The system of claim 18,
wherein at least some of the signals detected by the sensor comprise encrypted signals, and wherein the instructions that when executed cause the programmable device to recognize patterns contained in signals detected by the sensor comprise instructions that when executed cause the programmable device to recognize patterns without decrypting the encrypted signals. | A collection of wearable communicating devices generates signals that may be detected and analyzed to produce a fingerprint of the collection of wearable devices. An analysis unit may recognize patterns or other information in detected signals and generate a fingerprint of a body area network corresponding to the collection of wearable devices. The fingerprint may be fuzzy fingerprint, matchable with a fingerprint of a similar, but not necessarily identical, collection of wearable devices that has been previously generated or obtained. The fingerprint may be used for tracking or other purposes. Some embodiments may allow the generation of additional signals that modify the fingerprint.1. A machine readable medium, on which are stored instructions for recognizing a person by a programmable device, comprising instructions that when executed cause the programmable device to:
detect signals from a first plurality of wearable devices proximate with or disposed on an individual; and generate a first body area network fingerprint corresponding to the detected signals; and match the first body area network fingerprint with a second body area network fingerprint associated with a second plurality of wearable devices. 2. The machine readable medium of claim 1, further comprising:
a first sensor, configured to sense electromagnetic signals; and a second sensor, configured to sense non-electromagnetic signals. 3. The machine readable medium of claim 1, wherein the second body area network fingerprint is associated with an individual. 4. The machine readable medium of claim 1, wherein a subset of the first plurality of wearable devices corresponds to a subset of the second plurality of wearable devices. 5. The machine readable medium of claim 1, wherein the instructions that when executed cause the programmable device to generate a first body area network fingerprint comprise instructions that when executed cause the programmable device to:
identify communications between the first plurality of wearable devices and a hub device. 6. The machine readable medium of claim 1, wherein the instructions that when executed cause the programmable device to detect signals comprise instructions that when executed cause the programmable device to:
analyze the signals without interpreting data payloads carried by the signals. 7. The machine readable medium of claim 1, wherein the instructions further comprise instructions that when executed cause the programmable device to:
associate location information with the first body area network fingerprint; and track movement of the individual based on the location information. 8. The machine readable medium of claim 1, wherein the instructions further comprise instructions that when executed cause the programmable device to:
link a plurality of body area network fingerprints with a group of people. 9. The machine readable medium of claim 1, wherein the instructions further comprise instructions that when executed cause the programmable device to:
simulate communications that appear to be from a non-present device. 10. A method of fingerprinting a set of wearable devices, comprising:
detecting by sensors communications sent to or from the set of wearable devices; analyzing by an analysis unit the communications without interpreting data payloads contained in the communications; generating a fuzzy fingerprint corresponding to types of devices contained in the set of wearable devices; and matching the fuzzy fingerprint with a previously generated fuzzy fingerprint. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the sensors comprise directional sensors. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein matching the fuzzy fingerprint comprises:
sending the fuzzy fingerprint to a remote programmable system for matching. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein matching the fuzzy fingerprint comprises:
comparing the fuzzy fingerprint with fingerprints stored in a database. 14. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
associating location data with the fuzzy fingerprint; and storing the fuzzy fingerprint and associated location data in a database. 15. A body area network recognizer, comprising:
a sensor, configured to detect signals corresponding to communications to or from a first set of wearable devices; and an analysis unit, configured to analyze the detected signals and generate a fuzzy fingerprint of the set of wearable devices, wherein the fingerprint is a fuzzy fingerprint, matchable with a fingerprint of a second set of wearable devices, the second set of wearable devices having a subset in common with a subset of the first set of wearable devices. 16. The body area network recognizer of claim 15, wherein the body area network recognizer is a wearable device. 17. The body area network recognizer of claim 15, further comprising:
a communication interface, configured to send the fingerprint to a remote device for matching with previously generated fingerprints. 18. A system for tracking an individual, comprising:
a sensor; a programmable device, coupled to the sensor; and a memory, coupled to the programmable device, on which are stored instructions that when executed cause the programmable device to:
recognize patterns contained in signals detected by the sensor; and
generate a first fingerprint of a first set of wearable devices corresponding to the signals. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the instructions further comprise instructions that when executed cause the programmable device to:
match the first fingerprint with a second fingerprint. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein a subset of the first set of wearable devices corresponds to a subset of a second set of wearable devices associated with the second fingerprint. 21. The system of claim 18, wherein the instructions further comprise instructions that when executed cause the programmable device to associate a location data with the first fingerprint. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the instructions further comprise instructions that when executed cause the programmable device to store the location data and the first fingerprint. 23. The system of claim 18, wherein the instructions further comprise instructions that when executed cause the programmable device to:
generate signals corresponding to devices not contained in the first set of wearable devices. 24. The system of claim 18, wherein the instructions that when executed cause the programmable device to recognize patterns contained in signals detected by the sensor comprise instructions that when executed cause the programmable device to recognize patterns without interpreting data payloads contained in the signals. 25. The system of claim 18,
wherein at least some of the signals detected by the sensor comprise encrypted signals, and wherein the instructions that when executed cause the programmable device to recognize patterns contained in signals detected by the sensor comprise instructions that when executed cause the programmable device to recognize patterns without decrypting the encrypted signals. | 2,400 |
6,845 | 6,845 | 14,702,533 | 2,454 | Online communication sessions may be joined in an environment that includes receiving a first communication between a first user and a second user and enabling the rendering of the first communication at devices associated with the first and second users. A second communication between the first user and a third user is received and the rendering of the second communication at devices associated with the first and third users is enabled. After receiving the first and second communications, a trigger to join at least the communication sessions associated with the first, second, and third users is received from the first, second, or third user. Information structured and arranged to render, in a single window, text associated with the first and second communications at the devices associated with the first, second, and third users is generated. | 1. A method for joining online communication sessions, the method comprising:
receiving a first communication between a first user and a second user; enabling the rendering of the first communication at devices associated with the first and second users; receiving a second communication between the first user and a third user; enabling the rendering of the second communication at devices associated with the first and third users; receiving, from the first, second, or third user, after receiving the first and second communication, a trigger to join at least the communication sessions associated with the first, second, and third users; and generating information structured and arranged to render, in a single window, text associated with the first and second communications at the devices associated with the first, second, and third users. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
receiving a third communication between the second user and the third user and enabling the rendering of the third communication at the devices associated with the second and third users before receiving the trigger; and
generating information structured and arranged to render, in a single window, text associated with the first, second, and third communications at the devices associated with the first, second, and third users. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein receiving a trigger to join at least the communication sessions between the first, second, and third users includes receiving a trigger to join the communication sessions between the first, second, third, and a fourth user, wherein the fourth user is not involved in a communication session with any of the first, second, or third users. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein generating information structured and arranged to render text associated with the first and second communications includes generating information structured and arranged to render text associated with the first and second communications at the device associated with the fourth user. 5. The method claim 1 wherein enabling the rendering of the first communication session includes generating information structured and arranged to render information associated with the first communication at only either one or both of the devices associated with either the first or second users. 6. A method for joining online communication sessions, the method comprising:
sending, from a user to multiple specified users, a trigger to join two or more user-to-user communication sessions which include previous user communications to multiple specified users, into a joint communication session; rendering, at a device associated with the user, the joint communication session including some or all of the text rendered in each of the user communications prior to the sending of the trigger; and rendering at the device associated with the user, future communications directed to the joint communication from users associated with the joint communication. 7. The method of claim 6 wherein at least one of the communication sessions was not rendered at the device associated with the user prior to the sending of the trigger. 8. The method of claim 6 wherein sending a trigger to join two or more user-to-user communication sessions includes sending a trigger configured to establish a joint communication in which at least some of the text associated with each previous user communication is included in the rendered joint communication. 9. The method of claim 6 wherein sending a trigger to join two or more user-to-user communication sessions includes sending a trigger configured to establish a joint communication in which at least some of the text associated with each previous user communication involving the user is included in the rendered joint communication. 10. The method of claim 6 wherein sending a trigger to join two or more user-to-user communication sessions includes sending a trigger configured to establish a joint communication in which none of the text of previous user communications is included in the rendered joint communication. 11. The method of claim 6 wherein sending a trigger to join two or more user-to-user communication sessions includes sending a trigger configured to establish a joint communication in which users not included in the user-to-user communication sessions are enabled to be included in the joint communication. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein sending a trigger to join two or more user-to-user communication sessions includes sending a trigger configured to establish a joint communication in which, after the joint communication is rendered, users not included in the user-to-user communication sessions are enabled to be included in the joint communication. 13. The method of claim 6 wherein sending a trigger to join two or more user-to-user communication sessions includes sending a trigger configured to establish a joint communication in which a user may send media content to be rendered with the joint communication session. 14. The method of claim 6 further comprising rendering user communications in the joint communication in chronological order. 15. The method of claim 14 further comprising rendering a chronological indication between user communications occurring before establishment of the joint communication and user communications after establishment of the joint communication. 16. An article comprising a computer-readable medium having encoded thereon software for enabling rendering of a joint communication, the software including instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to:
enable the establishment and rendering of a first instance of a joint communication at devices associated with joint communication users, the first instance including:
text associated with user-to-user communications which were originally sent from and to the joint communication users, and
text associated with a first communication sent from any of the joint communication users; and
enable the establishment and rendering of a second instance of the joint communication at a device associated with an additional user, after the sending of the first communication, the second instance including:
text associated with user-to-user communications which were originally sent from and to the joint communication users,
text associated with a user-to-user communication between a user of the joint communication and the additional user, and
text associated with the first instance of the joint communication sent from any of the joint communication users. 17. The article of claim 16 further comprising instructions to enable text associated with communications in the joint communication to be rendered in chronological order. 18. The article of claim 17 further comprising instructions to enable the joint communication to include a chronological indication between text associated with communications before the establishment of the joint communication and text associated with communications after the establishment of the joint communication. 19. The article of claim 16 further comprising instructions to enable the joint communication users to be connected to the Internet using multiple communication programs. 20. The article of claim 16 further comprising instructions to enable the joint communication to be closed for all users by the selection of an option to cancel by one of the joint communication users. | Online communication sessions may be joined in an environment that includes receiving a first communication between a first user and a second user and enabling the rendering of the first communication at devices associated with the first and second users. A second communication between the first user and a third user is received and the rendering of the second communication at devices associated with the first and third users is enabled. After receiving the first and second communications, a trigger to join at least the communication sessions associated with the first, second, and third users is received from the first, second, or third user. Information structured and arranged to render, in a single window, text associated with the first and second communications at the devices associated with the first, second, and third users is generated.1. A method for joining online communication sessions, the method comprising:
receiving a first communication between a first user and a second user; enabling the rendering of the first communication at devices associated with the first and second users; receiving a second communication between the first user and a third user; enabling the rendering of the second communication at devices associated with the first and third users; receiving, from the first, second, or third user, after receiving the first and second communication, a trigger to join at least the communication sessions associated with the first, second, and third users; and generating information structured and arranged to render, in a single window, text associated with the first and second communications at the devices associated with the first, second, and third users. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
receiving a third communication between the second user and the third user and enabling the rendering of the third communication at the devices associated with the second and third users before receiving the trigger; and
generating information structured and arranged to render, in a single window, text associated with the first, second, and third communications at the devices associated with the first, second, and third users. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein receiving a trigger to join at least the communication sessions between the first, second, and third users includes receiving a trigger to join the communication sessions between the first, second, third, and a fourth user, wherein the fourth user is not involved in a communication session with any of the first, second, or third users. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein generating information structured and arranged to render text associated with the first and second communications includes generating information structured and arranged to render text associated with the first and second communications at the device associated with the fourth user. 5. The method claim 1 wherein enabling the rendering of the first communication session includes generating information structured and arranged to render information associated with the first communication at only either one or both of the devices associated with either the first or second users. 6. A method for joining online communication sessions, the method comprising:
sending, from a user to multiple specified users, a trigger to join two or more user-to-user communication sessions which include previous user communications to multiple specified users, into a joint communication session; rendering, at a device associated with the user, the joint communication session including some or all of the text rendered in each of the user communications prior to the sending of the trigger; and rendering at the device associated with the user, future communications directed to the joint communication from users associated with the joint communication. 7. The method of claim 6 wherein at least one of the communication sessions was not rendered at the device associated with the user prior to the sending of the trigger. 8. The method of claim 6 wherein sending a trigger to join two or more user-to-user communication sessions includes sending a trigger configured to establish a joint communication in which at least some of the text associated with each previous user communication is included in the rendered joint communication. 9. The method of claim 6 wherein sending a trigger to join two or more user-to-user communication sessions includes sending a trigger configured to establish a joint communication in which at least some of the text associated with each previous user communication involving the user is included in the rendered joint communication. 10. The method of claim 6 wherein sending a trigger to join two or more user-to-user communication sessions includes sending a trigger configured to establish a joint communication in which none of the text of previous user communications is included in the rendered joint communication. 11. The method of claim 6 wherein sending a trigger to join two or more user-to-user communication sessions includes sending a trigger configured to establish a joint communication in which users not included in the user-to-user communication sessions are enabled to be included in the joint communication. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein sending a trigger to join two or more user-to-user communication sessions includes sending a trigger configured to establish a joint communication in which, after the joint communication is rendered, users not included in the user-to-user communication sessions are enabled to be included in the joint communication. 13. The method of claim 6 wherein sending a trigger to join two or more user-to-user communication sessions includes sending a trigger configured to establish a joint communication in which a user may send media content to be rendered with the joint communication session. 14. The method of claim 6 further comprising rendering user communications in the joint communication in chronological order. 15. The method of claim 14 further comprising rendering a chronological indication between user communications occurring before establishment of the joint communication and user communications after establishment of the joint communication. 16. An article comprising a computer-readable medium having encoded thereon software for enabling rendering of a joint communication, the software including instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to:
enable the establishment and rendering of a first instance of a joint communication at devices associated with joint communication users, the first instance including:
text associated with user-to-user communications which were originally sent from and to the joint communication users, and
text associated with a first communication sent from any of the joint communication users; and
enable the establishment and rendering of a second instance of the joint communication at a device associated with an additional user, after the sending of the first communication, the second instance including:
text associated with user-to-user communications which were originally sent from and to the joint communication users,
text associated with a user-to-user communication between a user of the joint communication and the additional user, and
text associated with the first instance of the joint communication sent from any of the joint communication users. 17. The article of claim 16 further comprising instructions to enable text associated with communications in the joint communication to be rendered in chronological order. 18. The article of claim 17 further comprising instructions to enable the joint communication to include a chronological indication between text associated with communications before the establishment of the joint communication and text associated with communications after the establishment of the joint communication. 19. The article of claim 16 further comprising instructions to enable the joint communication users to be connected to the Internet using multiple communication programs. 20. The article of claim 16 further comprising instructions to enable the joint communication to be closed for all users by the selection of an option to cancel by one of the joint communication users. | 2,400 |
6,846 | 6,846 | 14,613,295 | 2,462 | A method for performing alternate and therefore least cost routing in distributed H.323 Voice over IP (VoIP) networks is provided. With this method, the VoIP network consists of a hierarchy of gatekeeper (GK) functions to provide alternate routing, network element redundancy, and scalability. The alternate routing function is performed by a directory gatekeeper with route selection advancing from a first route to a second route by either of two conditions: (1) there are no resources available to terminate the call in the first zone; and (2) a lack of response to the directory GK request for such resources. | 1. A method for performing alternate routing comprising:
receiving a request to initiate a session for communicating data; in response,
selecting a route from a list of possible routes by querying a resource management gatekeeper to determine availability of outbound gateway resources associated with the selected route based on outbound gateway resource availability reported to the resource management gatekeeper;
if a route is available, sending a response to the received request indicating the selected route; and
if a route is not available, sending a response to the received request indicating that the request cannot be completed. 2. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising:
in response to the querying act, if the resource management gateway indicates that no outbound gateway resources associated therewith are available, selecting a route from the list of possible routes by querying a second resource management gatekeeper to determine availability of outbound gateway resources associated with the selected route based on outbound gateway resource availability reported to the second resource management gatekeeper. 3. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the list of possible routes comprises routes corresponding to a numbering plan area (NPA) associated with the session. 4. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the data is voice data. 5. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein each route in the list of possible routes is associated with a particular resource management gatekeeper. 6. The method as recited in claim 5, wherein the act of selecting a route from the list of possible routes further comprises:
selecting a candidate route from the list of possible routes; and determining if the selected candidate route is available by querying the resource management gatekeeper. 7. The method as recited in claim 6, wherein the candidate route is the least cost route from the list of possible routes. 8. The method as recited in claim 6, wherein the candidate route is selected in accordance with a predetermined ratio. 9. The method as recited in claim 8, wherein the likelihood of selecting each of the one or more candidate routes is substantially equal in accordance with the predetermined ratio. 10. The method as recited in claim 6, wherein the selecting acts are performed by a directory gatekeeper, and wherein if each resource management gatekeeper accessible to the directory gatekeeper indicates that no outbound gateway resources are available for the selected candidate route, the method further comprising:
selecting a second candidate route from the list of possible routes; and determining if the selected candidate route is available by querying the resource management gatekeeper. 11. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the request to initiate the session is received by an inbound gatekeeper, the method further comprising:
receiving, by a directory gatekeeper, a routing request from the inbound gatekeeper to determine a route for initiating the session. | A method for performing alternate and therefore least cost routing in distributed H.323 Voice over IP (VoIP) networks is provided. With this method, the VoIP network consists of a hierarchy of gatekeeper (GK) functions to provide alternate routing, network element redundancy, and scalability. The alternate routing function is performed by a directory gatekeeper with route selection advancing from a first route to a second route by either of two conditions: (1) there are no resources available to terminate the call in the first zone; and (2) a lack of response to the directory GK request for such resources.1. A method for performing alternate routing comprising:
receiving a request to initiate a session for communicating data; in response,
selecting a route from a list of possible routes by querying a resource management gatekeeper to determine availability of outbound gateway resources associated with the selected route based on outbound gateway resource availability reported to the resource management gatekeeper;
if a route is available, sending a response to the received request indicating the selected route; and
if a route is not available, sending a response to the received request indicating that the request cannot be completed. 2. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising:
in response to the querying act, if the resource management gateway indicates that no outbound gateway resources associated therewith are available, selecting a route from the list of possible routes by querying a second resource management gatekeeper to determine availability of outbound gateway resources associated with the selected route based on outbound gateway resource availability reported to the second resource management gatekeeper. 3. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the list of possible routes comprises routes corresponding to a numbering plan area (NPA) associated with the session. 4. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the data is voice data. 5. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein each route in the list of possible routes is associated with a particular resource management gatekeeper. 6. The method as recited in claim 5, wherein the act of selecting a route from the list of possible routes further comprises:
selecting a candidate route from the list of possible routes; and determining if the selected candidate route is available by querying the resource management gatekeeper. 7. The method as recited in claim 6, wherein the candidate route is the least cost route from the list of possible routes. 8. The method as recited in claim 6, wherein the candidate route is selected in accordance with a predetermined ratio. 9. The method as recited in claim 8, wherein the likelihood of selecting each of the one or more candidate routes is substantially equal in accordance with the predetermined ratio. 10. The method as recited in claim 6, wherein the selecting acts are performed by a directory gatekeeper, and wherein if each resource management gatekeeper accessible to the directory gatekeeper indicates that no outbound gateway resources are available for the selected candidate route, the method further comprising:
selecting a second candidate route from the list of possible routes; and determining if the selected candidate route is available by querying the resource management gatekeeper. 11. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the request to initiate the session is received by an inbound gatekeeper, the method further comprising:
receiving, by a directory gatekeeper, a routing request from the inbound gatekeeper to determine a route for initiating the session. | 2,400 |
6,847 | 6,847 | 13,905,770 | 2,487 | Methods and apparatus for video processing are disclosed. In one embodiment the work of processing of different types of video frames is allocated between a plurality of computing resources. For example, different computing resources for can be used for I, P and B frames, where an I frame is an intra-frame encoded with no other frames as a reference; a P frame is encoded with one previous I or P frame as a reference and a B frame is encoded with one previous and one future frame as references. In one example, a central processing unit (CPU) performs encoding of I frames and P frames of a video and a graphics processing unit (GPU) performs initial encoding of B frames of the video in connection with a fixed function video encoder configured to perform entropy encoding of the B frames. | 1. A method of encoding video comprising a plurality of frames, the method comprising:
using a plurality of computing resources for encoding for various types of frames of the video where the frames are categorized based on a frame's referential relationship to other frames of the video such that different computing resources are used to partially or fully perform encoding of at least one type of frame than are used for partially or fully performing encoding of at least one other type of frame. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the types of frames include I frames that are intra-frame encoded with no other frames as a reference, P frames encoded with one previous I or P frame as a reference and B frames encoded with one previous and one future frame as references and wherein the B frames are partially or fully encoded using different computing resources than are used for partially or fully encoding at least one other type of the frames. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein one or more central processing units (CPUs) perform encoding of I frames and P frames and a graphics processing unit (GPU) performs encoding of B frames of the video. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein the GPU uses shaders to execute kernels for the B frames and uses a fixed function video encoder configured to perform entropy encoding of the B frames. 5. The method of claim 2 wherein graphics processing unit (GPU) shaders are used to execute kernels for the B frames, a fixed function video encoder is used to perform entropy encoding of the I, P and B frames, and one or more central processing units (CPUs) perform other portions of the encoding of I or P frames. 6. The method of claim 2 wherein one or more central processing units (CPUs) of an accelerated processing unit (APU) perform encoding of I frames and P frames and a graphics processing unit (GPU) of the APU performs encoding of B frames of the video in association with a fixed function video encoder that performs entropy encoding. 7. The method of claim 2 further comprising:
predicting bit budgets for frames, as frames are scheduled for processing;
collecting information of actual bits consumed by frames on a row by row basis and sending this information to all frames that are in process to enable bit budget adjustments for macroblocks not yet encoded;
using information of final bits consumed per frame for predicting and bit budgeting adjustments; and
using detection of scene changes for predicting and bit budgeting adjustments and/or reference frames modifications. 8. An apparatus for encoding video comprising a plurality of frames comprising:
a plurality of computing resources selectively configured to encode various types of frames of a video where the frames are categorized based on a frame's referential relationship to other frames of the video such that different computing resources are used to partially or fully perform encoding of at least one type of frame than are used for partially or fully performing encoding of at least one other type of frame. 9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the types of frames include I frames that are intra-frame encoded with no other frames as a reference, P frames encoded with one previous I or P frame as a reference and B frames encoded with one previous and one future frame as references and wherein the computing resources are selectively configured such that the B frames are partially or fully encoded using different computing resources than are used for partially or fully encoding at least one other type of the frames. 10. The apparatus of claim 9 including one or more central processing units (CPUs) configured to encode I frames and P frames and a graphics processing unit (GPU) configured to encode of B frames of the video. 11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the GPU includes shaders configured to execute kernels for the B frames and a fixed function video encoder configured to perform entropy encoding of the B frames. 12. The apparatus of claim 9 including an accelerated processing unit (APU) at least one central processing unit (CPU) configured to perform at least partial encoding of I frames or P frames of the video and at least one graphics processing unit (GPU) configured to perform at least partial encoding of B frames of the video. 13. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the APU includes a fixed function video encoder configured to perform entropy encoding of I, P and B frames of the video. 14. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the fixed function video encoder resides within a GPU of the APU. 15. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the APU is configured to:
predict bit budgets for frames, as frames are scheduled for processing;
collect information of actual bits consumed by frames on a row by row basis and sending this information to all frames that are in process to enable bit budget adjustments for macroblocks not yet encoded;
use information of final bits consumed per frame for predicting and bit budgeting adjustments; and
use detection of scene changes for predicting and bit budgeting adjustments and/or reference frames modifications. 16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a set of instructions for execution by a general purpose computer to facilitate manufacture of an integrated circuit that includes:
a plurality of computing resources selectively configured to encode various types of frames of a video where the frames are categorized based on a frame's referential relationship to other frames of the video such that different computing resources are used to partially or fully perform encoding of at least one type of frame than are used for partially or fully performing encoding of at least one other type of frame. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the types of frames include I frames that are intra-frame encoded with no other frames as a reference, P frames encoded with one previous I or P frame as a reference and B frames encoded with one previous and one future frame as references and wherein the computing resources are selectively configured such that the B frames are partially or fully encoded using different computing resources than are used for partially or fully encoding at least one other type of the frames. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the instructions are hardware description language (HDL) instructions used for the manufacture of a device. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the plurality of computing resources comprise one or more central processing units (CPUs) configured to encode I frames and P frames and a graphics processing unit (GPU) configured to encode of B frames of the video. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 18, wherein the GPU includes shaders configured to execute kernels for the B frames and a fixed function video encoder configured to perform entropy encoding of the B frames. | Methods and apparatus for video processing are disclosed. In one embodiment the work of processing of different types of video frames is allocated between a plurality of computing resources. For example, different computing resources for can be used for I, P and B frames, where an I frame is an intra-frame encoded with no other frames as a reference; a P frame is encoded with one previous I or P frame as a reference and a B frame is encoded with one previous and one future frame as references. In one example, a central processing unit (CPU) performs encoding of I frames and P frames of a video and a graphics processing unit (GPU) performs initial encoding of B frames of the video in connection with a fixed function video encoder configured to perform entropy encoding of the B frames.1. A method of encoding video comprising a plurality of frames, the method comprising:
using a plurality of computing resources for encoding for various types of frames of the video where the frames are categorized based on a frame's referential relationship to other frames of the video such that different computing resources are used to partially or fully perform encoding of at least one type of frame than are used for partially or fully performing encoding of at least one other type of frame. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the types of frames include I frames that are intra-frame encoded with no other frames as a reference, P frames encoded with one previous I or P frame as a reference and B frames encoded with one previous and one future frame as references and wherein the B frames are partially or fully encoded using different computing resources than are used for partially or fully encoding at least one other type of the frames. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein one or more central processing units (CPUs) perform encoding of I frames and P frames and a graphics processing unit (GPU) performs encoding of B frames of the video. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein the GPU uses shaders to execute kernels for the B frames and uses a fixed function video encoder configured to perform entropy encoding of the B frames. 5. The method of claim 2 wherein graphics processing unit (GPU) shaders are used to execute kernels for the B frames, a fixed function video encoder is used to perform entropy encoding of the I, P and B frames, and one or more central processing units (CPUs) perform other portions of the encoding of I or P frames. 6. The method of claim 2 wherein one or more central processing units (CPUs) of an accelerated processing unit (APU) perform encoding of I frames and P frames and a graphics processing unit (GPU) of the APU performs encoding of B frames of the video in association with a fixed function video encoder that performs entropy encoding. 7. The method of claim 2 further comprising:
predicting bit budgets for frames, as frames are scheduled for processing;
collecting information of actual bits consumed by frames on a row by row basis and sending this information to all frames that are in process to enable bit budget adjustments for macroblocks not yet encoded;
using information of final bits consumed per frame for predicting and bit budgeting adjustments; and
using detection of scene changes for predicting and bit budgeting adjustments and/or reference frames modifications. 8. An apparatus for encoding video comprising a plurality of frames comprising:
a plurality of computing resources selectively configured to encode various types of frames of a video where the frames are categorized based on a frame's referential relationship to other frames of the video such that different computing resources are used to partially or fully perform encoding of at least one type of frame than are used for partially or fully performing encoding of at least one other type of frame. 9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the types of frames include I frames that are intra-frame encoded with no other frames as a reference, P frames encoded with one previous I or P frame as a reference and B frames encoded with one previous and one future frame as references and wherein the computing resources are selectively configured such that the B frames are partially or fully encoded using different computing resources than are used for partially or fully encoding at least one other type of the frames. 10. The apparatus of claim 9 including one or more central processing units (CPUs) configured to encode I frames and P frames and a graphics processing unit (GPU) configured to encode of B frames of the video. 11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the GPU includes shaders configured to execute kernels for the B frames and a fixed function video encoder configured to perform entropy encoding of the B frames. 12. The apparatus of claim 9 including an accelerated processing unit (APU) at least one central processing unit (CPU) configured to perform at least partial encoding of I frames or P frames of the video and at least one graphics processing unit (GPU) configured to perform at least partial encoding of B frames of the video. 13. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the APU includes a fixed function video encoder configured to perform entropy encoding of I, P and B frames of the video. 14. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the fixed function video encoder resides within a GPU of the APU. 15. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the APU is configured to:
predict bit budgets for frames, as frames are scheduled for processing;
collect information of actual bits consumed by frames on a row by row basis and sending this information to all frames that are in process to enable bit budget adjustments for macroblocks not yet encoded;
use information of final bits consumed per frame for predicting and bit budgeting adjustments; and
use detection of scene changes for predicting and bit budgeting adjustments and/or reference frames modifications. 16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a set of instructions for execution by a general purpose computer to facilitate manufacture of an integrated circuit that includes:
a plurality of computing resources selectively configured to encode various types of frames of a video where the frames are categorized based on a frame's referential relationship to other frames of the video such that different computing resources are used to partially or fully perform encoding of at least one type of frame than are used for partially or fully performing encoding of at least one other type of frame. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the types of frames include I frames that are intra-frame encoded with no other frames as a reference, P frames encoded with one previous I or P frame as a reference and B frames encoded with one previous and one future frame as references and wherein the computing resources are selectively configured such that the B frames are partially or fully encoded using different computing resources than are used for partially or fully encoding at least one other type of the frames. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the instructions are hardware description language (HDL) instructions used for the manufacture of a device. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the plurality of computing resources comprise one or more central processing units (CPUs) configured to encode I frames and P frames and a graphics processing unit (GPU) configured to encode of B frames of the video. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 18, wherein the GPU includes shaders configured to execute kernels for the B frames and a fixed function video encoder configured to perform entropy encoding of the B frames. | 2,400 |
6,848 | 6,848 | 13,359,403 | 2,484 | A method and system for generating highlights from scored data streams is disclosed. According to one embodiment, media content containing time-stamped payloads is received in a data stream from one or more sources. The received media content is recorded in a buffer for a predetermined period of time and sliced into data buckets. For each of the data buckets, a score is assigned according to user-provided keywords. The data buckets are recorded along with the assigned score to generate highlights from the one or more sources using the scores of the recorded data buckets. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving media content in a data stream from one or more sources, the media content containing time-stamped payloads; recording the media content in a buffer for a predetermined period of time; slicing the media content into data buckets; assigning a score for each of the data buckets based according to user-provided keywords; and recording the data buckets along with the score associated with the data buckets; and generating highlights from the one or more sources using the scores of the recorded data buckets. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising clipping a portion of the media content from the with an in-point and an out-point time stamp. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the score is assigned by giving a user-configurable weight based on the user-provided keywords and/or a person who post the time-stamped payloads. 4. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
determining outliers from the scores of the data buckets based on a threshold; and
producing highlights from the outliers. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the time-stamped payloads comprise responses from a plurality of users. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the responses are generated from a mobile application of a mobile phone. 7. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
providing a real-time popularity histogram; and
highlighting highlights in a top-moment visualizer based on a threshold. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the real-time popularity histogram is generated from twitter messages from a plurality of users. 9. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
ingesting the one or more sources in different codecs;
determining a time offset value for each of the one or more sources by comparing streams from the one or more sources; and
synchronizing the streams from the one or more sources based on the time offset value. 10. The method of claim 1 further comprising providing highlights from the one or more sources over a time period. 11. A non-transitory computer readable medium having stored thereon computer-readable instructions, which instructions when executed by a processor cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
receiving media content in a data stream from one or more sources, the media content containing time-stamped payloads; recording the media content in a buffer for a predetermined period of time; slicing the media content into data buckets; assigning a score for each of the data buckets according to user-provided keywords; recording the data buckets along with the score associated with the data buckets; and generating highlights from the one or more sources using the scores of the recorded data buckets. 12. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 11 having further instructions stored thereon computer-readable instructions, which instructions when executed by the processor cause the processor to perform operations comprising clipping a portion of the media content from the with an in-point and an out-point time stamp. 13. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 11, wherein the score is assigned by giving a user-configurable weight based on the user-provided keywords and/or a person who post the time-stamped payloads. 14. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 11 having further instructions stored thereon computer-readable instructions, which instructions when executed by the processor cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
determining outliers from the scores of the data buckets based on a threshold; and
producing highlights from the outliers. 15. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 11, wherein the time-stamped payloads comprise responses from a plurality of users. 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the responses are generated from a mobile application of a mobile phone. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 11 having further instructions stored thereon computer-readable instructions, which instructions when executed by the processor cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
providing a real-time popularity histogram; and
highlighting highlights in a top-moment visualizer based on a threshold. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the real-time popularity histogram is generated from twitter messages from a plurality of users. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 11 having further instructions stored thereon computer-readable instructions, which instructions when executed by the processor cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
ingesting the one or more sources in different codecs;
determining a time offset value for each of the one or more sources by comparing streams from the one or more sources; and
synchronizing the streams from the one or more sources based on the time offset value. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 11 having further instructions stored thereon computer-readable instructions, which instructions when executed by the processor cause the processor to perform operations comprising providing highlights from the one or more sources over a time period. | A method and system for generating highlights from scored data streams is disclosed. According to one embodiment, media content containing time-stamped payloads is received in a data stream from one or more sources. The received media content is recorded in a buffer for a predetermined period of time and sliced into data buckets. For each of the data buckets, a score is assigned according to user-provided keywords. The data buckets are recorded along with the assigned score to generate highlights from the one or more sources using the scores of the recorded data buckets.1. A method comprising:
receiving media content in a data stream from one or more sources, the media content containing time-stamped payloads; recording the media content in a buffer for a predetermined period of time; slicing the media content into data buckets; assigning a score for each of the data buckets based according to user-provided keywords; and recording the data buckets along with the score associated with the data buckets; and generating highlights from the one or more sources using the scores of the recorded data buckets. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising clipping a portion of the media content from the with an in-point and an out-point time stamp. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the score is assigned by giving a user-configurable weight based on the user-provided keywords and/or a person who post the time-stamped payloads. 4. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
determining outliers from the scores of the data buckets based on a threshold; and
producing highlights from the outliers. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the time-stamped payloads comprise responses from a plurality of users. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the responses are generated from a mobile application of a mobile phone. 7. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
providing a real-time popularity histogram; and
highlighting highlights in a top-moment visualizer based on a threshold. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the real-time popularity histogram is generated from twitter messages from a plurality of users. 9. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
ingesting the one or more sources in different codecs;
determining a time offset value for each of the one or more sources by comparing streams from the one or more sources; and
synchronizing the streams from the one or more sources based on the time offset value. 10. The method of claim 1 further comprising providing highlights from the one or more sources over a time period. 11. A non-transitory computer readable medium having stored thereon computer-readable instructions, which instructions when executed by a processor cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
receiving media content in a data stream from one or more sources, the media content containing time-stamped payloads; recording the media content in a buffer for a predetermined period of time; slicing the media content into data buckets; assigning a score for each of the data buckets according to user-provided keywords; recording the data buckets along with the score associated with the data buckets; and generating highlights from the one or more sources using the scores of the recorded data buckets. 12. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 11 having further instructions stored thereon computer-readable instructions, which instructions when executed by the processor cause the processor to perform operations comprising clipping a portion of the media content from the with an in-point and an out-point time stamp. 13. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 11, wherein the score is assigned by giving a user-configurable weight based on the user-provided keywords and/or a person who post the time-stamped payloads. 14. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 11 having further instructions stored thereon computer-readable instructions, which instructions when executed by the processor cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
determining outliers from the scores of the data buckets based on a threshold; and
producing highlights from the outliers. 15. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 11, wherein the time-stamped payloads comprise responses from a plurality of users. 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the responses are generated from a mobile application of a mobile phone. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 11 having further instructions stored thereon computer-readable instructions, which instructions when executed by the processor cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
providing a real-time popularity histogram; and
highlighting highlights in a top-moment visualizer based on a threshold. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the real-time popularity histogram is generated from twitter messages from a plurality of users. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 11 having further instructions stored thereon computer-readable instructions, which instructions when executed by the processor cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
ingesting the one or more sources in different codecs;
determining a time offset value for each of the one or more sources by comparing streams from the one or more sources; and
synchronizing the streams from the one or more sources based on the time offset value. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 11 having further instructions stored thereon computer-readable instructions, which instructions when executed by the processor cause the processor to perform operations comprising providing highlights from the one or more sources over a time period. | 2,400 |
6,849 | 6,849 | 12,574,283 | 2,483 | The present invention relates to a video signal decoding method for adding an intra prediction mode as a sub-macroblock type to prediction of a macroblock in coding a video signal. The present invention includes obtaining a macroblock type, obtaining a sub-macroblock type when a macroblock includes a plurality of coded sub-macroblocks according the macroblock type, obtaining flag information indicating a DC (discrete cosine) transform size, determining the DC transform size of the coded sub-macroblock based on the flag information, when the sub-macroblock is intra prediction coded based on the sub-macroblock type, determining a prediction size of the intra prediction coded sub-macroblock based on the determined DC transform size, obtaining prediction direction information from a block adjacent to the sub-macroblock based on the prediction size of the sub-macroblock, and obtaining a prediction value of the sub-macroblock based on the prediction direction information. Accordingly, the present invention is able to raise coding efficiency of video signal by adding an intra prediction mode as a sub-macroblock type in predicting a macroblock. | 1. A method of decoding a video signal, comprising the steps of:
obtaining a macroblock type; obtaining a sub-macroblock type when a macroblock includes a plurality of coded sub-macroblocks according the macroblock type; obtaining flag information indicating a DC (discrete cosine) transform size; determining the DC transform size of the coded sub-macroblock based on the flag information; when the sub-macroblock is intra prediction coded based on the sub-macroblock type, determining a prediction size of the intra prediction coded sub-macroblock based on the determined DC transform size; obtaining prediction direction information from a block adjacent to the sub-macroblock based on the prediction size of the sub-macroblock; and obtaining a prediction value of the sub-macroblock based on the prediction direction information. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of obtaining coded block pattern information, wherein the coded block pattern information indicates whether the sub-macroblocks include coded coefficients. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of performing an inverse transform with reference to the determined DC transform size. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising the step of performing an inverse transform with reference to the determined DC transform size. 5. A method of decoding a video signal, comprising the steps of:
obtaining a macroblock type; obtaining a sub-macroblock type when a macroblock includes a plurality of coded sub-macroblocks according the macroblock type; obtaining flag information indicating a DC (discrete cosine) transform size; determining the DC transform size of the coded sub-macroblock based on the flag information; when the sub-macroblock is inter prediction coded based on the sub-macroblock type, obtaining motion information from a block adjacent to the sub-macroblock obtaining a prediction value of the sub-macroblock based on the motion information; and performing an inverse transform with reference to the determined DC transform size. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising the step of obtaining coded block pattern information, wherein the coded block pattern information indicates whether the sub-macroblocks include coded coefficients. 7. A method of decoding a video signal, comprising the steps of:
obtaining a macroblock type; when a macroblock includes a plurality of coded sub-macroblocks according the macroblock type, obtaining a first flag information indicating whether a sub-macroblock is intra prediction coded; obtaining a second flag information indicating a DC (discrete cosine) transform size; determining the DC transform size of the coded sub-macroblock based on the second flag information; when the sub-macroblock is intra prediction coded based on the first flag information, determining a prediction size of the intra prediction coded sub-macroblock based on the determined DC transform size; obtaining prediction direction information from a block adjacent to the sub-macroblock based on the prediction size of the sub-macroblock; and obtaining a prediction value of the sub-macroblock based on the prediction direction information. 8. A method of decoding a video signal, comprising the steps of:
obtaining a macroblock type; when a macroblock includes a plurality of coded sub-macroblocks according the macroblock type, obtaining a first flag information indicating whether a sub-macroblock is intra prediction coded; when the sub-macroblock is inter prediction coded based on the first flag information, obtaining a sub-macroblock type and motion information from a block adjacent to the sub-macroblock; obtaining a second flag information indicating a DC (discrete cosine) transform size; determining the DC transform size of the coded sub-macroblock based on the second flag information; obtaining a prediction value of the sub-macroblock based on the sub-macroblock type and the motion information; and performing an inverse transform with reference to the determined DC transform size. 9. The method of claim 7, further comprising the step of obtaining coded block pattern information, wherein the coded block pattern information indicates whether the sub-macroblocks include coded coefficients. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising the step of obtaining coded block pattern information, wherein the coded block pattern information indicates whether the sub-macroblocks include coded coefficients. 11. An apparatus for decoding a video signal, comprising:
a macroblock type obtaining unit obtaining a macroblock type and obtaining a sub-macroblock type when a macroblock includes a plurality of coded sub-macroblocks according the macroblock type; a DC transform size determining unit obtaining flag information indicating a DC (discrete cosine) transform size and determining the DC transform size of the coded sub-macroblock based on the flag information; and a sub-macroblock prediction value obtaining unit, when the sub-macroblock is intra prediction coded based on the sub-macroblock type, determining a prediction size of the intra prediction coded sub-macroblock based on the determined DC transform size, obtaining prediction direction information from a block adjacent to the sub-macroblock based on the prediction size of the sub-macroblock and obtaining a prediction value of the sub-macroblock based on the prediction direction information. 12. An apparatus for decoding a video signal, comprising:
a macroblock type obtaining unit obtaining a macroblock type and obtaining a sub-macroblock type when a macroblock includes a plurality of coded sub-macroblocks according the macroblock type; a DC transform size determining unit obtaining flag information indicating a DC (discrete cosine) transform size and determining the DC transform size of the coded sub-macroblock based on the flag information; a sub-macroblock prediction value obtaining unit, when the sub-macroblock is inter prediction coded based on the sub-macroblock type, obtaining motion information from a block adjacent to the sub-macroblock and obtaining a prediction value of the sub-macroblock based on the motion information; and an inverse transform unit performing an inverse transform with reference to the determined DC transform size. | The present invention relates to a video signal decoding method for adding an intra prediction mode as a sub-macroblock type to prediction of a macroblock in coding a video signal. The present invention includes obtaining a macroblock type, obtaining a sub-macroblock type when a macroblock includes a plurality of coded sub-macroblocks according the macroblock type, obtaining flag information indicating a DC (discrete cosine) transform size, determining the DC transform size of the coded sub-macroblock based on the flag information, when the sub-macroblock is intra prediction coded based on the sub-macroblock type, determining a prediction size of the intra prediction coded sub-macroblock based on the determined DC transform size, obtaining prediction direction information from a block adjacent to the sub-macroblock based on the prediction size of the sub-macroblock, and obtaining a prediction value of the sub-macroblock based on the prediction direction information. Accordingly, the present invention is able to raise coding efficiency of video signal by adding an intra prediction mode as a sub-macroblock type in predicting a macroblock.1. A method of decoding a video signal, comprising the steps of:
obtaining a macroblock type; obtaining a sub-macroblock type when a macroblock includes a plurality of coded sub-macroblocks according the macroblock type; obtaining flag information indicating a DC (discrete cosine) transform size; determining the DC transform size of the coded sub-macroblock based on the flag information; when the sub-macroblock is intra prediction coded based on the sub-macroblock type, determining a prediction size of the intra prediction coded sub-macroblock based on the determined DC transform size; obtaining prediction direction information from a block adjacent to the sub-macroblock based on the prediction size of the sub-macroblock; and obtaining a prediction value of the sub-macroblock based on the prediction direction information. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of obtaining coded block pattern information, wherein the coded block pattern information indicates whether the sub-macroblocks include coded coefficients. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of performing an inverse transform with reference to the determined DC transform size. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising the step of performing an inverse transform with reference to the determined DC transform size. 5. A method of decoding a video signal, comprising the steps of:
obtaining a macroblock type; obtaining a sub-macroblock type when a macroblock includes a plurality of coded sub-macroblocks according the macroblock type; obtaining flag information indicating a DC (discrete cosine) transform size; determining the DC transform size of the coded sub-macroblock based on the flag information; when the sub-macroblock is inter prediction coded based on the sub-macroblock type, obtaining motion information from a block adjacent to the sub-macroblock obtaining a prediction value of the sub-macroblock based on the motion information; and performing an inverse transform with reference to the determined DC transform size. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising the step of obtaining coded block pattern information, wherein the coded block pattern information indicates whether the sub-macroblocks include coded coefficients. 7. A method of decoding a video signal, comprising the steps of:
obtaining a macroblock type; when a macroblock includes a plurality of coded sub-macroblocks according the macroblock type, obtaining a first flag information indicating whether a sub-macroblock is intra prediction coded; obtaining a second flag information indicating a DC (discrete cosine) transform size; determining the DC transform size of the coded sub-macroblock based on the second flag information; when the sub-macroblock is intra prediction coded based on the first flag information, determining a prediction size of the intra prediction coded sub-macroblock based on the determined DC transform size; obtaining prediction direction information from a block adjacent to the sub-macroblock based on the prediction size of the sub-macroblock; and obtaining a prediction value of the sub-macroblock based on the prediction direction information. 8. A method of decoding a video signal, comprising the steps of:
obtaining a macroblock type; when a macroblock includes a plurality of coded sub-macroblocks according the macroblock type, obtaining a first flag information indicating whether a sub-macroblock is intra prediction coded; when the sub-macroblock is inter prediction coded based on the first flag information, obtaining a sub-macroblock type and motion information from a block adjacent to the sub-macroblock; obtaining a second flag information indicating a DC (discrete cosine) transform size; determining the DC transform size of the coded sub-macroblock based on the second flag information; obtaining a prediction value of the sub-macroblock based on the sub-macroblock type and the motion information; and performing an inverse transform with reference to the determined DC transform size. 9. The method of claim 7, further comprising the step of obtaining coded block pattern information, wherein the coded block pattern information indicates whether the sub-macroblocks include coded coefficients. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising the step of obtaining coded block pattern information, wherein the coded block pattern information indicates whether the sub-macroblocks include coded coefficients. 11. An apparatus for decoding a video signal, comprising:
a macroblock type obtaining unit obtaining a macroblock type and obtaining a sub-macroblock type when a macroblock includes a plurality of coded sub-macroblocks according the macroblock type; a DC transform size determining unit obtaining flag information indicating a DC (discrete cosine) transform size and determining the DC transform size of the coded sub-macroblock based on the flag information; and a sub-macroblock prediction value obtaining unit, when the sub-macroblock is intra prediction coded based on the sub-macroblock type, determining a prediction size of the intra prediction coded sub-macroblock based on the determined DC transform size, obtaining prediction direction information from a block adjacent to the sub-macroblock based on the prediction size of the sub-macroblock and obtaining a prediction value of the sub-macroblock based on the prediction direction information. 12. An apparatus for decoding a video signal, comprising:
a macroblock type obtaining unit obtaining a macroblock type and obtaining a sub-macroblock type when a macroblock includes a plurality of coded sub-macroblocks according the macroblock type; a DC transform size determining unit obtaining flag information indicating a DC (discrete cosine) transform size and determining the DC transform size of the coded sub-macroblock based on the flag information; a sub-macroblock prediction value obtaining unit, when the sub-macroblock is inter prediction coded based on the sub-macroblock type, obtaining motion information from a block adjacent to the sub-macroblock and obtaining a prediction value of the sub-macroblock based on the motion information; and an inverse transform unit performing an inverse transform with reference to the determined DC transform size. | 2,400 |
6,850 | 6,850 | 14,385,282 | 2,473 | A method for supporting multiple-input-multiple-output communications with a base station of a wireless telecommunications network, user equipment and a computer program product are disclosed. The method comprises the steps of establishing a grant associated with a secondary stream; and determining a transport block size for said secondary stream in accordance with a relationship between grant and transport block size, said relationship differing from a primary relationship between grant and transport block size used to determine a primary transport block size for a primary stream. By using this approach, where a different relationship, mapping, function or lookup table is used to derive the transport block size for the secondary stream to that relationship, mapping or function used to derive the transport block size for the primary stream from the grant of the primary stream enables different transport block sizes to be used, each of which may be appropriate to its associated stream. | 1. A method of determining at user equipment a transport block size for a secondary stream transmitted in addition to a primary stream by said user equipment when supporting Multiple Input Multiple Output communications with a base station of a wireless telecommunications network, said method comprising: receiving a grant associated with said secondary stream; and
determining a transport block size for said secondary stream in accordance with a relationship between grant and transport block size, said relationship differing from a primary relationship between grant and transport block size used to determine a primary transport block size for said primary stream. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein for an identical grant for said primary stream and said secondary stream, said relationship and said primary relationship determine differing transport block sizes for said secondary stream and said primary stream. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein for an identical grant for said primary stream and said secondary stream, said relationship determines said transport block size is smaller than said primary transport block size determined by said primary relationship. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein said relationship determines said transport block size by utilising said primary relationship to determine an intermediate transport block size from said grant which is then factored by a scalar to determine said transport block size. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein said relationship determines said transport block size by factoring said grant by a scalar to determine an intermediate grant and by then utilising said primary relationship to determine said transport block size from said intermediate grant. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein said scalar is a value of no greater than 1. 7. The method of claim 4, comprising receiving said scalar from a network node of said wireless telecommunications network. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein a plurality of differing transport block sizes are supported for communication between said user equipment and said base station and said method comprises selecting one of said plurality of differing transport block sizes for said secondary stream have a which is closest to but no larger than said transport block size. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein said relationship determines said transport block size by utilising said grant to identify an index of a lookup table containing said transport block size. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein said index comprises an Enhanced Data Channel Transport Format Combination Identifier determined from said grant. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein said index comprises an Enhanced Data Channel Transport Format Combination Identifier determined from said grant and an offset value. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein said grant is established from a power of a pilot associated with one of said primary stream and said secondary stream. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein said grant is signalled separately from a grant associated with said primary stream. 14. User equipment operable to determine a transport block size for a secondary stream transmitted in addition to a primary stream by user equipment when supporting Multiple Input Multiple Output communications with a base station of a wireless telecommunications network, said user equipment comprising:
establishing logic operable to receive a grant associated with said secondary stream; and determining logic operable to determine a transport block size for said secondary stream in accordance with a relationship between grant and transport block size, said relationship differing from a primary relationship between grant and transport block size used to determine a primary transport block size for said primary stream. 15. A computer program product operable, when executed on a computer, to perform the method of claim 1. 16. The method of claim 1, comprising transmitting said primary stream with said primary transport block size and said secondary stream with said transport block size. | A method for supporting multiple-input-multiple-output communications with a base station of a wireless telecommunications network, user equipment and a computer program product are disclosed. The method comprises the steps of establishing a grant associated with a secondary stream; and determining a transport block size for said secondary stream in accordance with a relationship between grant and transport block size, said relationship differing from a primary relationship between grant and transport block size used to determine a primary transport block size for a primary stream. By using this approach, where a different relationship, mapping, function or lookup table is used to derive the transport block size for the secondary stream to that relationship, mapping or function used to derive the transport block size for the primary stream from the grant of the primary stream enables different transport block sizes to be used, each of which may be appropriate to its associated stream.1. A method of determining at user equipment a transport block size for a secondary stream transmitted in addition to a primary stream by said user equipment when supporting Multiple Input Multiple Output communications with a base station of a wireless telecommunications network, said method comprising: receiving a grant associated with said secondary stream; and
determining a transport block size for said secondary stream in accordance with a relationship between grant and transport block size, said relationship differing from a primary relationship between grant and transport block size used to determine a primary transport block size for said primary stream. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein for an identical grant for said primary stream and said secondary stream, said relationship and said primary relationship determine differing transport block sizes for said secondary stream and said primary stream. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein for an identical grant for said primary stream and said secondary stream, said relationship determines said transport block size is smaller than said primary transport block size determined by said primary relationship. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein said relationship determines said transport block size by utilising said primary relationship to determine an intermediate transport block size from said grant which is then factored by a scalar to determine said transport block size. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein said relationship determines said transport block size by factoring said grant by a scalar to determine an intermediate grant and by then utilising said primary relationship to determine said transport block size from said intermediate grant. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein said scalar is a value of no greater than 1. 7. The method of claim 4, comprising receiving said scalar from a network node of said wireless telecommunications network. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein a plurality of differing transport block sizes are supported for communication between said user equipment and said base station and said method comprises selecting one of said plurality of differing transport block sizes for said secondary stream have a which is closest to but no larger than said transport block size. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein said relationship determines said transport block size by utilising said grant to identify an index of a lookup table containing said transport block size. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein said index comprises an Enhanced Data Channel Transport Format Combination Identifier determined from said grant. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein said index comprises an Enhanced Data Channel Transport Format Combination Identifier determined from said grant and an offset value. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein said grant is established from a power of a pilot associated with one of said primary stream and said secondary stream. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein said grant is signalled separately from a grant associated with said primary stream. 14. User equipment operable to determine a transport block size for a secondary stream transmitted in addition to a primary stream by user equipment when supporting Multiple Input Multiple Output communications with a base station of a wireless telecommunications network, said user equipment comprising:
establishing logic operable to receive a grant associated with said secondary stream; and determining logic operable to determine a transport block size for said secondary stream in accordance with a relationship between grant and transport block size, said relationship differing from a primary relationship between grant and transport block size used to determine a primary transport block size for said primary stream. 15. A computer program product operable, when executed on a computer, to perform the method of claim 1. 16. The method of claim 1, comprising transmitting said primary stream with said primary transport block size and said secondary stream with said transport block size. | 2,400 |
6,851 | 6,851 | 15,408,967 | 2,467 | A method for selecting a data path includes identifying a plurality of available data paths between a router device and a wide area network. Path selection data is obtained. The path selection rules are processed with the obtained path selection data. For each of a plurality of data communications to be routed, one of the plurality of available data paths is selected according to the processing of the path selection rules. Each of the plurality of data communications is routed between a local area network and the wide area network via a data exchanger and a remote link that follows the data path selected for that data communication | 1. A method for selecting a data path, comprising:
identifying a plurality of data paths between a router device and a wide area network, the plurality of data paths including a first data path and a second data path, the first data path having a first remote link that interconnects a first service provider and a first data exchanger, the second data path having a second remote link that interconnects a second service provider and a second data exchanger, the first data exchanger and the second data exchanger each having a device link with the router device; obtaining path selection data for each of the plurality of data paths; receiving a plurality of data communications to the router device from at least one client through a local link, the plurality of data communications including a first data communication and a second data communication; processing path selection rules with the path selection data; selecting, according to the processing of path selection rules, one of the plurality of data paths for each of the plurality of data communications on an individual basis, wherein the first data path is selected for the first data communication and the second data path is selected for the second data communication; and routing each of the plurality of data communications between the router device and the wide area network according to the selected data path for that data communication, wherein the first data communication is routed via the first remote link that follows the first data path and the second data communication is routed via the second remote link that follows the second data path. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first data communication is routed via the first remote link simultaneously as the second data communication is routed via the second remote link. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of data communications includes a first subset containing the first data communication and a second subset containing the second data communication, a ratio of a number of the data communications in the first subset compared to a number of the data communications in the second subset being determined according to the processing of the path selection rules, wherein the first data path is selected for the first subset and the second data path is selected for the second subset. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the path selection data includes communication tier information, the first data communication having a first tier and the second data communication having a second tier, the first data path being selected for data communications having the first tier and the second data path being selecting for data communications having the second tier according to the processing of the path selection rules. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein data communications of a first type have the first tier and data communications of a second type have the second tier, the first data communication being of the first type and the second data communication being of the second type. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one client is a plurality of clients including a first client and a second client, the path selection data including client tier information for each of the plurality of clients, data communications of the plurality of data communications received to the router device from the first client having a first tier and data communications of the plurality of data communications received to the router device from the second client having a second tier, the first data communication being received from the first client and the second data communication being received from the second client, wherein the first data path is selected for data communications having the first tier and the second data path is selected for data communications having the second tier according to the processing of the path selection rules. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first remote link and the second remote link is a wireless remote link and the path selection data includes a signal strength of the wireless remote link. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the path selection data includes a security setting of each of the plurality of data paths, the security setting of the first data path being different than the security setting of the second data path. 9. A non-transitory computer readable medium having instructions thereon that when executed by a router device cause the router device to implement a method, medium having instructions for:
identifying a plurality of data paths between a router device and a wide area network, the plurality of data paths including a first data path and a second data path, the first data path having a first remote link that interconnects a first service provider and a first data exchanger, the second data path having a second remote link that interconnects a second service provider and a second data exchanger, the first data exchanger and the second data exchanger each having a device link with the router device; obtaining path selection data for each of the plurality of data paths; receiving a plurality of data communications to the router device from at least one client through a local link, the plurality of data communications including a first data communication and a second data communication; processing path selection rules with the path selection data; selecting, according to the processing of path selection rules, one of the plurality of data paths for each of the plurality of data communications on an individual basis, wherein the first data path is selected for the first data communication and the second data path is selected for the second data communication; and routing each of the plurality of data communications between the router device and the wide area network according to the selected data path for that data communication, wherein the first data communication is routed via the first remote link that follows the first data path and the second data communication is routed via the second remote link that follows the second data path. 10. The medium of claim 9, wherein the first data communication is routed via the first remote link simultaneously as the second data communication is routed via the second remote link. 11. The medium of claim 9, wherein the plurality of data communications includes a first subset containing the first data communication and a second subset containing the second data communication, a ratio of a number of the data communications in the first subset compared to a number of the data communications in the second subset being determined according to the processing of the path selection rules, wherein the first data path is selected for the first subset and the second data path is selected for the second subset. 12. The medium of claim 9, wherein the path selection data includes communication tier information, the first data communication having a first tier and the second data communication having a second tier, the first data path being selected for data communications having the first tier and the second data path being selecting for data communications having the second tier according to the processing of the path selection rules. 13. The medium of claim 12, wherein data communications of a first type have the first tier and data communications of a second type have the second tier, the first data communication being of the first type and the second data communication being of the second type. 14. The medium of claim 9, wherein the at least one client is a plurality of clients including a first client and a second client, the path selection data including client tier information for each of the plurality of clients, data communications of the plurality of data communications received to the router device from the first client having a first tier and data communications of the plurality of data communications received to the router device from the second client having a second tier, the first data communication being received from the first client and the second data communication being received from the second client, wherein the first data path is selected for data communications having the first tier and the second data path is selected for data communications having the second tier according to the processing of the path selection rules. 15. The medium of claim 9, wherein at least one of the first remote link and the second remote link is a wireless remote link and the path selection data includes a signal strength of the wireless remote link. 16. The medium of claim 9, wherein the path selection data includes a security setting of each of the plurality of data paths, the security setting of the first data path being different than the security setting of the second data path. 17. A router device comprising:
a router having a client interface configured to provide an interface between the router and at least one client to receive a plurality of data communications from the at least one client, the plurality of data communications including a first data communication and a second data communication; a plurality of data exchanger interfaces configured to provide an interface between the router and a plurality of data exchangers, the plurality of data exchanger interfaces including a first data exchanger interface for a first data exchanger and a second data exchanger interface for a second data exchanger; a remote link manager configured to identify a plurality of data paths between the router and a wide area network, the plurality of data paths including a first data path and a second data path, the first data path having a first remote link that interconnects a first service provider and the first data exchanger, the second data path having a second remote link that interconnects a second service provider and the second data exchanger; the remote link manager being further configured to obtain path selection data for each of the plurality of data paths, process path selection rules with the obtained path selection data, and select, according to the processing of path selection rules, one of the plurality of data paths for each of the plurality of data communications on an individual basis, wherein the first data path is selected for the first data communication and the second data path is selected for the second data communication according to the processing of path selection rules; and the router being configured to route each of the plurality of data communications between the router device and the wide area network according to the selected data path for that data communication. 18. The router device of claim 17, wherein the first data exchanger and the second data exchanger are embedded in the router. 19. The router device of claim 17, wherein the path selection data includes communication tier information, data communications of a first type having a first tier and data communications of a second type have a second tier, the first data communication being of the first type and the second data communication being of the second type, the first data path being selected for data communications having the first tier and the second data path being selecting for data communications having the second tier according to the processing of the path selection rules by the remote link manager. 20. The router device of claim 17, wherein the at least one client is a plurality of clients including a first client and a second client, the path selection data including client tier information for each of the plurality of clients, data communications of the plurality of data communications received to the router from the first client having a first tier and data communications of the plurality of data communications received to the router from the second client having a second tier, the first data path being selected for data communications having the first tier and the second data path being selected for data communications having the second tier according to the processing of the path selection rules by the remote link manager. | A method for selecting a data path includes identifying a plurality of available data paths between a router device and a wide area network. Path selection data is obtained. The path selection rules are processed with the obtained path selection data. For each of a plurality of data communications to be routed, one of the plurality of available data paths is selected according to the processing of the path selection rules. Each of the plurality of data communications is routed between a local area network and the wide area network via a data exchanger and a remote link that follows the data path selected for that data communication1. A method for selecting a data path, comprising:
identifying a plurality of data paths between a router device and a wide area network, the plurality of data paths including a first data path and a second data path, the first data path having a first remote link that interconnects a first service provider and a first data exchanger, the second data path having a second remote link that interconnects a second service provider and a second data exchanger, the first data exchanger and the second data exchanger each having a device link with the router device; obtaining path selection data for each of the plurality of data paths; receiving a plurality of data communications to the router device from at least one client through a local link, the plurality of data communications including a first data communication and a second data communication; processing path selection rules with the path selection data; selecting, according to the processing of path selection rules, one of the plurality of data paths for each of the plurality of data communications on an individual basis, wherein the first data path is selected for the first data communication and the second data path is selected for the second data communication; and routing each of the plurality of data communications between the router device and the wide area network according to the selected data path for that data communication, wherein the first data communication is routed via the first remote link that follows the first data path and the second data communication is routed via the second remote link that follows the second data path. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first data communication is routed via the first remote link simultaneously as the second data communication is routed via the second remote link. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of data communications includes a first subset containing the first data communication and a second subset containing the second data communication, a ratio of a number of the data communications in the first subset compared to a number of the data communications in the second subset being determined according to the processing of the path selection rules, wherein the first data path is selected for the first subset and the second data path is selected for the second subset. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the path selection data includes communication tier information, the first data communication having a first tier and the second data communication having a second tier, the first data path being selected for data communications having the first tier and the second data path being selecting for data communications having the second tier according to the processing of the path selection rules. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein data communications of a first type have the first tier and data communications of a second type have the second tier, the first data communication being of the first type and the second data communication being of the second type. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one client is a plurality of clients including a first client and a second client, the path selection data including client tier information for each of the plurality of clients, data communications of the plurality of data communications received to the router device from the first client having a first tier and data communications of the plurality of data communications received to the router device from the second client having a second tier, the first data communication being received from the first client and the second data communication being received from the second client, wherein the first data path is selected for data communications having the first tier and the second data path is selected for data communications having the second tier according to the processing of the path selection rules. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first remote link and the second remote link is a wireless remote link and the path selection data includes a signal strength of the wireless remote link. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the path selection data includes a security setting of each of the plurality of data paths, the security setting of the first data path being different than the security setting of the second data path. 9. A non-transitory computer readable medium having instructions thereon that when executed by a router device cause the router device to implement a method, medium having instructions for:
identifying a plurality of data paths between a router device and a wide area network, the plurality of data paths including a first data path and a second data path, the first data path having a first remote link that interconnects a first service provider and a first data exchanger, the second data path having a second remote link that interconnects a second service provider and a second data exchanger, the first data exchanger and the second data exchanger each having a device link with the router device; obtaining path selection data for each of the plurality of data paths; receiving a plurality of data communications to the router device from at least one client through a local link, the plurality of data communications including a first data communication and a second data communication; processing path selection rules with the path selection data; selecting, according to the processing of path selection rules, one of the plurality of data paths for each of the plurality of data communications on an individual basis, wherein the first data path is selected for the first data communication and the second data path is selected for the second data communication; and routing each of the plurality of data communications between the router device and the wide area network according to the selected data path for that data communication, wherein the first data communication is routed via the first remote link that follows the first data path and the second data communication is routed via the second remote link that follows the second data path. 10. The medium of claim 9, wherein the first data communication is routed via the first remote link simultaneously as the second data communication is routed via the second remote link. 11. The medium of claim 9, wherein the plurality of data communications includes a first subset containing the first data communication and a second subset containing the second data communication, a ratio of a number of the data communications in the first subset compared to a number of the data communications in the second subset being determined according to the processing of the path selection rules, wherein the first data path is selected for the first subset and the second data path is selected for the second subset. 12. The medium of claim 9, wherein the path selection data includes communication tier information, the first data communication having a first tier and the second data communication having a second tier, the first data path being selected for data communications having the first tier and the second data path being selecting for data communications having the second tier according to the processing of the path selection rules. 13. The medium of claim 12, wherein data communications of a first type have the first tier and data communications of a second type have the second tier, the first data communication being of the first type and the second data communication being of the second type. 14. The medium of claim 9, wherein the at least one client is a plurality of clients including a first client and a second client, the path selection data including client tier information for each of the plurality of clients, data communications of the plurality of data communications received to the router device from the first client having a first tier and data communications of the plurality of data communications received to the router device from the second client having a second tier, the first data communication being received from the first client and the second data communication being received from the second client, wherein the first data path is selected for data communications having the first tier and the second data path is selected for data communications having the second tier according to the processing of the path selection rules. 15. The medium of claim 9, wherein at least one of the first remote link and the second remote link is a wireless remote link and the path selection data includes a signal strength of the wireless remote link. 16. The medium of claim 9, wherein the path selection data includes a security setting of each of the plurality of data paths, the security setting of the first data path being different than the security setting of the second data path. 17. A router device comprising:
a router having a client interface configured to provide an interface between the router and at least one client to receive a plurality of data communications from the at least one client, the plurality of data communications including a first data communication and a second data communication; a plurality of data exchanger interfaces configured to provide an interface between the router and a plurality of data exchangers, the plurality of data exchanger interfaces including a first data exchanger interface for a first data exchanger and a second data exchanger interface for a second data exchanger; a remote link manager configured to identify a plurality of data paths between the router and a wide area network, the plurality of data paths including a first data path and a second data path, the first data path having a first remote link that interconnects a first service provider and the first data exchanger, the second data path having a second remote link that interconnects a second service provider and the second data exchanger; the remote link manager being further configured to obtain path selection data for each of the plurality of data paths, process path selection rules with the obtained path selection data, and select, according to the processing of path selection rules, one of the plurality of data paths for each of the plurality of data communications on an individual basis, wherein the first data path is selected for the first data communication and the second data path is selected for the second data communication according to the processing of path selection rules; and the router being configured to route each of the plurality of data communications between the router device and the wide area network according to the selected data path for that data communication. 18. The router device of claim 17, wherein the first data exchanger and the second data exchanger are embedded in the router. 19. The router device of claim 17, wherein the path selection data includes communication tier information, data communications of a first type having a first tier and data communications of a second type have a second tier, the first data communication being of the first type and the second data communication being of the second type, the first data path being selected for data communications having the first tier and the second data path being selecting for data communications having the second tier according to the processing of the path selection rules by the remote link manager. 20. The router device of claim 17, wherein the at least one client is a plurality of clients including a first client and a second client, the path selection data including client tier information for each of the plurality of clients, data communications of the plurality of data communications received to the router from the first client having a first tier and data communications of the plurality of data communications received to the router from the second client having a second tier, the first data path being selected for data communications having the first tier and the second data path being selected for data communications having the second tier according to the processing of the path selection rules by the remote link manager. | 2,400 |
6,852 | 6,852 | 13,325,773 | 2,485 | Methods, systems, and computer programs for improving compressed image chroma information. In one aspect of the invention, a resolution for a red color component of a color video image is used that is higher than the resolution for a blue color component of the color video image. Another aspect includes utilizing a lower or higher value of a quantization parameter (QP) for one or more chroma channels as compared to the luminance channel. Another aspect is use of a logarithmic representation of a video image to benefit image coding. Another aspect uses more than two chroma channels to represent a video image. | 1. A method for coding a color space representation of video macroblocks in a computerized video system having at least a decoder, the method comprising:
receiving, at a decoder, a first chroma bias value and a second chroma bias value for a macroblock,
wherein the first chroma bias value and the second chroma bias value differ from each other for the macroblock, and
wherein the first chroma bias value, the second chroma bias value, and a luminance quantization parameter relates to the macroblock, and
constructing, with the decoder, a first chrominance quantization parameter for the macroblock by determining the first chrominance quantization parameter using the received first chroma bias value; constructing, with the decoder, a second chrominance quantization parameter for the macroblock by determining the second chrominance quantization parameter using the received second chroma bias value; and decompressing the macroblock using the luminance quantization parameter, the constructed first chrominance quantization parameter and the constructed second chrominance quantization parameter. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving, at the decoder, the luminance quantization parameter with the first chroma bias value and the second chroma bias value for the macroblock. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the constructing comprises deriving the first chrominance quantization parameter by subtracting the first chroma bias value from the luminance quantization parameter, wherein the first chrominance quantization parameter differs from the luminance quantization parameter. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the constructing comprises deriving the second chrominance quantization parameter by subtracting the second chroma bias value from the luminance quantization parameter, wherein the second chrominance quantization parameter differs from the luminance quantization parameter. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the macroblock comprises differential coding as a function of the luminance quantization parameter, the first chrominance quantization parameter, and the second chrominance quantization parameter. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining whether the decompressed macroblock has the first chrominance quantization parameter being different from the second chrominance quantization parameter. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the constructed first and second chrominance quantization parameters in the decoder are identical to first and second chrominance quantization parameters generated in an encoder. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first chroma bias value is a negative value and the second chroma bias value is a positive value. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first chroma bias value is a positive value and the second chroma bias value is a negative value. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the constructing further comprises utilizing a logarithmic lookup table to construct the first and second chrominance quantization parameters for the macroblock. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the logarithmic lookup table comprises a first range of quantization parameter values that are mapped to a second range of quantization parameter values for performing decompression by utilizing at least a logarithmic-type factor between the first and second ranges of quantization parameter values. 12. A computer program, stored on a computer-readable storage medium, for a video image system including a processor and a decoder that are configured to utilize quantization parameters for a color video image, the computer program comprising instructions to cause the processor in the video image system to execute instructions to:
receive, at a decoder, a first chroma bias value and a second chroma bias value for a macroblock,
wherein the first chroma bias value and the second chroma bias value differ from each other for the macroblock, and
wherein the first chroma bias value, the second chroma bias value, and a luminance quantization parameter relates to the macroblock, and
construct, with the decoder, a first chrominance quantization parameter for the macroblock by determining the first chrominance quantization parameter using the received first chroma bias value; construct, with the decoder, a second chrominance quantization parameter for the macroblock by determining the second chrominance quantization parameter using the received second chroma bias value; and decompress the macroblock using the luminance quantization parameter, the constructed first chrominance quantization parameter and the constructed second chrominance quantization parameter. 13. The computer program of claim 12, further comprising instructions to cause the processor in the video image system to execute instructions to determine whether the first chrominance quantization parameter differs from the second chrominance quantization parameter for the decompressed macroblock. 14. A video system comprising:
a decoder; a data storage system; a processor configured to interact with the data storage system and the decoder to execute instructions to:
receive, at a decoder, a first chroma bias value and a second chroma bias value for a macroblock,
wherein the first chroma bias value and the second chroma bias value differ from each other for the macroblock, and
wherein the first chroma bias value, the second chroma bias value, and a luminance quantization parameter relates to the macroblock, and
construct, with the decoder, a first chrominance quantization parameter for the macroblock by determining the first chrominance quantization parameter using the received first chroma bias value;
construct, with the decoder, a second chrominance quantization parameter for the macroblock by determining the second chrominance quantization parameter using the received second chroma bias value; and
decompress the macroblock using the luminance quantization parameter, the constructed first chrominance quantization parameter and the constructed second chrominance quantization parameter. 15. The video system of claim 14, wherein the processor is configured to execute instructions to determine that the first chrominance quantization parameter differs from the second chrominance quantization parameter for the decompressed macroblock. | Methods, systems, and computer programs for improving compressed image chroma information. In one aspect of the invention, a resolution for a red color component of a color video image is used that is higher than the resolution for a blue color component of the color video image. Another aspect includes utilizing a lower or higher value of a quantization parameter (QP) for one or more chroma channels as compared to the luminance channel. Another aspect is use of a logarithmic representation of a video image to benefit image coding. Another aspect uses more than two chroma channels to represent a video image.1. A method for coding a color space representation of video macroblocks in a computerized video system having at least a decoder, the method comprising:
receiving, at a decoder, a first chroma bias value and a second chroma bias value for a macroblock,
wherein the first chroma bias value and the second chroma bias value differ from each other for the macroblock, and
wherein the first chroma bias value, the second chroma bias value, and a luminance quantization parameter relates to the macroblock, and
constructing, with the decoder, a first chrominance quantization parameter for the macroblock by determining the first chrominance quantization parameter using the received first chroma bias value; constructing, with the decoder, a second chrominance quantization parameter for the macroblock by determining the second chrominance quantization parameter using the received second chroma bias value; and decompressing the macroblock using the luminance quantization parameter, the constructed first chrominance quantization parameter and the constructed second chrominance quantization parameter. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving, at the decoder, the luminance quantization parameter with the first chroma bias value and the second chroma bias value for the macroblock. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the constructing comprises deriving the first chrominance quantization parameter by subtracting the first chroma bias value from the luminance quantization parameter, wherein the first chrominance quantization parameter differs from the luminance quantization parameter. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the constructing comprises deriving the second chrominance quantization parameter by subtracting the second chroma bias value from the luminance quantization parameter, wherein the second chrominance quantization parameter differs from the luminance quantization parameter. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the macroblock comprises differential coding as a function of the luminance quantization parameter, the first chrominance quantization parameter, and the second chrominance quantization parameter. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining whether the decompressed macroblock has the first chrominance quantization parameter being different from the second chrominance quantization parameter. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the constructed first and second chrominance quantization parameters in the decoder are identical to first and second chrominance quantization parameters generated in an encoder. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first chroma bias value is a negative value and the second chroma bias value is a positive value. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first chroma bias value is a positive value and the second chroma bias value is a negative value. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the constructing further comprises utilizing a logarithmic lookup table to construct the first and second chrominance quantization parameters for the macroblock. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the logarithmic lookup table comprises a first range of quantization parameter values that are mapped to a second range of quantization parameter values for performing decompression by utilizing at least a logarithmic-type factor between the first and second ranges of quantization parameter values. 12. A computer program, stored on a computer-readable storage medium, for a video image system including a processor and a decoder that are configured to utilize quantization parameters for a color video image, the computer program comprising instructions to cause the processor in the video image system to execute instructions to:
receive, at a decoder, a first chroma bias value and a second chroma bias value for a macroblock,
wherein the first chroma bias value and the second chroma bias value differ from each other for the macroblock, and
wherein the first chroma bias value, the second chroma bias value, and a luminance quantization parameter relates to the macroblock, and
construct, with the decoder, a first chrominance quantization parameter for the macroblock by determining the first chrominance quantization parameter using the received first chroma bias value; construct, with the decoder, a second chrominance quantization parameter for the macroblock by determining the second chrominance quantization parameter using the received second chroma bias value; and decompress the macroblock using the luminance quantization parameter, the constructed first chrominance quantization parameter and the constructed second chrominance quantization parameter. 13. The computer program of claim 12, further comprising instructions to cause the processor in the video image system to execute instructions to determine whether the first chrominance quantization parameter differs from the second chrominance quantization parameter for the decompressed macroblock. 14. A video system comprising:
a decoder; a data storage system; a processor configured to interact with the data storage system and the decoder to execute instructions to:
receive, at a decoder, a first chroma bias value and a second chroma bias value for a macroblock,
wherein the first chroma bias value and the second chroma bias value differ from each other for the macroblock, and
wherein the first chroma bias value, the second chroma bias value, and a luminance quantization parameter relates to the macroblock, and
construct, with the decoder, a first chrominance quantization parameter for the macroblock by determining the first chrominance quantization parameter using the received first chroma bias value;
construct, with the decoder, a second chrominance quantization parameter for the macroblock by determining the second chrominance quantization parameter using the received second chroma bias value; and
decompress the macroblock using the luminance quantization parameter, the constructed first chrominance quantization parameter and the constructed second chrominance quantization parameter. 15. The video system of claim 14, wherein the processor is configured to execute instructions to determine that the first chrominance quantization parameter differs from the second chrominance quantization parameter for the decompressed macroblock. | 2,400 |
6,853 | 6,853 | 13,536,218 | 2,487 | In one example, a device for coding video data includes a video coder configured to configured to code information representative of whether an absolute value of an x-component of a motion vector difference value for a current block of video data is greater than zero, code information representative of whether an absolute value of a y-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero, when the absolute value of the x-component is greater than zero, code information representative of the absolute value of the x-component, when the absolute value of the y-component is greater than zero, code information representative of the absolute value of the y-component, when the absolute value of the x-component is greater than zero, code a sign of the x-component, and when the absolute value of the y-component is greater than zero, code a sign of the y-component. | 1. A method of coding video data, the method comprising:
coding information representative of whether an absolute value of an x-component of a motion vector difference value for a current block of video data is greater than zero; coding information representative of whether an absolute value of a y-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero; when the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero, coding information representative of the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference value; when the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero, coding information representative of the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference value; when the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero, coding a sign of the x-component of the motion vector difference value; and when the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero, coding a sign of the y-component of the motion vector difference value. 2. The method of claim, 1, wherein coding comprises encoding, the method further comprising:
calculating a motion vector for the current block of video data; and calculating the motion vector difference value as a difference between the motion vector for the current block of video data and a motion vector predictor determined for the current block of video data. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein coding comprises decoding, the method further comprising:
determining a motion vector predictor for the current block of video data; and calculating a motion vector for the current block of video data as a sum of the motion vector difference value and the motion vector predictor. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
coding a value representative of whether a motion vector of the current block of video data has a first sub-pixel precision or a second sub-pixel precision, wherein the second sub-pixel precision is greater than the first sub-pixel precision; and when the motion vector has the second sub-pixel precision, when the x-component of the motion vector difference value is not equal to zero, and when the y-component of the motion vector difference value is not equal to zero, wherein coding information representative of the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference value and coding information representative of the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference value comprises coding a jointly coded value representative of both the x-component of the motion vector difference value and the y-component of the motion vector difference value. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising determining whether the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision or the second sub-pixel precision, comprising:
determining a threshold value associated with the motion vector; and determining that the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision when both the x-component of the motion vector difference value and the y-component of the motion vector difference value are greater than the threshold. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein determining whether the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision or the second sub-pixel precision comprises, when at least one of the x-component of the motion vector difference value and the y-component of the motion vector difference value is less than or equal to the threshold, determining whether the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision or the second sub-pixel precision based on a value of a motion vector resolution flag. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein coding the value representative of whether the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision or the second sub-pixel precision comprises coding a value for a motion vector resolution flag. 8. The method of claim 1,
wherein coding information representative of the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference values comprises coding the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference values as mvd_x/2−1, wherein mvd_x comprises the x-component of the motion vector difference value; and wherein coding information representative of the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference values comprises coding the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference values as mvd_y/2−1, wherein mvd_y comprises the y-component of the motion vector difference value. 9. An apparatus for coding video data, the apparatus comprising a video coder configured to code information representative of whether an absolute value of an x-component of a motion vector difference value for a current block of video data is greater than zero, code information representative of whether an absolute value of a y-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero, when the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero, code information representative of the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference value, when the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero, code information representative of the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference value, when the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero, code a sign of the x-component of the motion vector difference value, and when the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero, code a sign of the y-component of the motion vector difference value. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the video coder comprises a video encoder, and wherein the video encoder is further configured to calculate a motion vector for the current block of video data and calculate the motion vector difference value as a difference between the motion vector for the current block of video data and a motion vector predictor determined for the current block of video data. 11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the video coder comprises a video decoder, and wherein the video decoder is further configured to determine a motion vector predictor for the current block of video data and calculate a motion vector for the current block of video data as a sum of the motion vector difference value and the motion vector predictor. 12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the video coder is configured to code a value representative of whether a motion vector of the current block of video data has a first sub-pixel precision or a second sub-pixel precision, wherein the second sub-pixel precision is greater than the first sub-pixel precision, and wherein the video coder is configured to code a jointly coded value representative of both the x-component of the motion vector difference value and the y-component of the motion vector difference value when the motion vector has the second sub-pixel precision, when the x-component of the motion vector difference value is not equal to zero, and when the y-component of the motion vector difference value is not equal to zero. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein to determine whether the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision or the second sub-pixel precision, the video coder is configured to determine a threshold value associated with the motion vector, and determine that the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision when both the x-component of the motion vector difference value and the y-component of the motion vector difference value are greater than the threshold. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein to determine whether the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision or the second sub-pixel precision, the video coder is configured to, when at least one of the x-component of the motion vector difference value and the y-component of the motion vector difference value is less than or equal to the threshold, determine whether the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision or the second sub-pixel precision based on a value of a motion vector resolution flag. 15. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein to determine whether the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision or the second sub-pixel precision, the video coder is configured to determine whether the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision or the second sub-pixel precision based on a value of a motion vector resolution flag. 16. The apparatus of claim 9,
wherein to code information representative of the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference values, the video coder is configured to code the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference values as mvd_x/2−1, wherein mvd_x comprises the x-component of the motion vector difference value; and wherein to code information representative of the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference values, the video coder is configured to code the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference values as mvd_y/2−1, wherein mvd_y comprises the y-component of the motion vector difference value. 17. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the apparatus comprises at least one of:
an integrated circuit; a microprocessor; and a wireless communication device that includes the video coder. 18. An apparatus for coding video data, the apparatus comprising:
means for coding information representative of whether an absolute value of an x-component of a motion vector difference value for a current block of video data is greater than zero; means for coding information representative of whether an absolute value of a y-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero; means for coding information representative of the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference value when the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero; means for coding information representative of the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference value when the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero; means for coding a sign of the x-component of the motion vector difference value when the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero; and means for coding a sign of the y-component of the motion vector difference value when the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the means for coding comprises means for encoding, the apparatus further comprising:
means for calculating a motion vector for the current block of video data; and means for calculating the motion vector difference value as a difference between the motion vector for the current block of video data and a motion vector predictor determined for the current block of video data. 20. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the means for coding comprises means for decoding, the apparatus further comprising:
means for determining a motion vector predictor for the current block of video data; and means for calculating a motion vector for the current block of video data as a sum of the motion vector difference value and the motion vector predictor. 21. The apparatus of claim 18, further comprising:
means for coding a value representative of whether a motion vector of the current block of video data has a first sub-pixel precision or a second sub-pixel precision, wherein the second sub-pixel precision is greater than the first sub-pixel precision; and means for coding a jointly coded value representative of both the x-component of the motion vector difference value and the y-component of the motion vector difference value when the motion vector has the second sub-pixel precision, when the x-component of the motion vector difference value is not equal to zero, and when the y-component of the motion vector difference value is not equal to zero. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, further comprising means for determining whether the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision or the second sub-pixel precision, comprising:
means for determining a threshold value associated with the motion vector; and means for determining that the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision when both the x-component of the motion vector difference value and the y-component of the motion vector difference value are greater than the threshold. 23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the means for determining whether the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision or the second sub-pixel precision comprises means for determining whether the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision or the second sub-pixel precision based on a value of a motion vector resolution flag when at least one of the x-component of the motion vector difference value and the y-component of the motion vector difference value is less than or equal the threshold. 24. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the means for coding the value representative of whether the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision or the second sub-pixel precision comprises means for coding a value for a motion vector resolution flag. 25. The apparatus of claim 18,
wherein the means for coding information representative of the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference values comprises means for coding the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference values as mvd_x/2−1, wherein mvd_x comprises the x-component of the motion vector difference value; and wherein the means for coding information representative of the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference values comprises means for coding the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference values as mvd_y/2−1, wherein mvd_y comprises the y-component of the motion vector difference value. 26. A computer program product comprising a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon instructions that, when executed, cause one or more processors of a device for coding video data to:
code information representative of whether an absolute value of an x-component of a motion vector difference value for a current block of video data is greater than zero; code information representative of whether an absolute value of a y-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero; when the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero, code information representative of the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference value; when the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero, code information representative of the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference value; when the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero, code a sign of the x-component of the motion vector difference value; and when the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero, code a sign of the y-component of the motion vector difference value. 27. The computer program product of claim 26, wherein the instructions that cause the one or more processors to code comprise instructions that, when executed, cause the one or more processors to encode, further comprising instructions that cause the one or more processors to:
calculate a motion vector for the current block of video data; and calculate the motion vector difference value as a difference between the motion vector for the current block of video data and a motion vector predictor determined for the current block of video data. 28. The computer program product of claim 26, wherein the instructions that cause the one or more processors to code comprise instructions that, when executed, cause the one or more processors to decode, further comprising instructions that cause the one or more processors to:
determine a motion vector predictor for the current block of video data; and calculate a motion vector for the current block of video data as a sum of the motion vector difference value and the motion vector predictor. 29. The computer program product of claim 26, further comprising instructions that cause the one or more programmable processors to:
code a value representative of whether a motion vector of the current block of video data has a first sub-pixel precision or a second sub-pixel precision, wherein the second sub-pixel precision is greater than the first sub-pixel precision; and wherein the instructions that cause the one or more processors to code information representative of the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference value and code information representative of the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference value comprise instructions that, when executed, cause the one or more processors to jointly code a value representative of both the x-component of the motion vector difference value and the y-component of the motion vector difference value when the motion vector has the second sub-pixel precision, when the x-component of the motion vector difference value is not equal to zero, and when the y-component of the motion vector difference value is not equal to zero. 30. The computer program product of claim 29, further comprising instructions that cause the one or more programmable processors to determine whether the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision or the second sub-pixel precision, comprising instructions that cause the one or more programmable processors to:
determine a threshold value associated with the motion vector; and determine that the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision when both the x-component of the motion vector difference value and the y-component of the motion vector difference value are greater than the threshold. 31. The computer programmable product of claim 30, wherein the instructions that cause the one or more programmable processors to determine whether the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision or the second sub-pixel precision comprise instructions that, when executed, cause the one or more programmable processors to, when at least one of the x-component of the motion vector difference value and the y-component of the motion vector difference value is less than or equal to the threshold, determine whether the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision or the second sub-pixel precision based on a value of a motion vector resolution flag. 32. The computer programmable product of claim 29, wherein the instructions that cause the one or more programmable processors to code the value representative of whether the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision or the second sub-pixel precision comprise instructions that, when executed, cause the one or more programmable processors to code a value for a motion vector resolution flag. 33. The computer programmable product of claim 26,
wherein the instructions that cause the one or more programmable processor to code information representative of the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference values comprise instructions that, when executed, cause the one or more processors to code the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference values as mvd_x/2−1, wherein mvd_x comprises the x-component of the motion vector difference value; and wherein the instructions that cause the one or more processors to code information representative of the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference values comprise instructions that cause the one or more processors to code the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference values as mvd_y/2−1, wherein mvd_y comprises the y-component of the motion vector difference value. | In one example, a device for coding video data includes a video coder configured to configured to code information representative of whether an absolute value of an x-component of a motion vector difference value for a current block of video data is greater than zero, code information representative of whether an absolute value of a y-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero, when the absolute value of the x-component is greater than zero, code information representative of the absolute value of the x-component, when the absolute value of the y-component is greater than zero, code information representative of the absolute value of the y-component, when the absolute value of the x-component is greater than zero, code a sign of the x-component, and when the absolute value of the y-component is greater than zero, code a sign of the y-component.1. A method of coding video data, the method comprising:
coding information representative of whether an absolute value of an x-component of a motion vector difference value for a current block of video data is greater than zero; coding information representative of whether an absolute value of a y-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero; when the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero, coding information representative of the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference value; when the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero, coding information representative of the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference value; when the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero, coding a sign of the x-component of the motion vector difference value; and when the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero, coding a sign of the y-component of the motion vector difference value. 2. The method of claim, 1, wherein coding comprises encoding, the method further comprising:
calculating a motion vector for the current block of video data; and calculating the motion vector difference value as a difference between the motion vector for the current block of video data and a motion vector predictor determined for the current block of video data. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein coding comprises decoding, the method further comprising:
determining a motion vector predictor for the current block of video data; and calculating a motion vector for the current block of video data as a sum of the motion vector difference value and the motion vector predictor. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
coding a value representative of whether a motion vector of the current block of video data has a first sub-pixel precision or a second sub-pixel precision, wherein the second sub-pixel precision is greater than the first sub-pixel precision; and when the motion vector has the second sub-pixel precision, when the x-component of the motion vector difference value is not equal to zero, and when the y-component of the motion vector difference value is not equal to zero, wherein coding information representative of the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference value and coding information representative of the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference value comprises coding a jointly coded value representative of both the x-component of the motion vector difference value and the y-component of the motion vector difference value. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising determining whether the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision or the second sub-pixel precision, comprising:
determining a threshold value associated with the motion vector; and determining that the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision when both the x-component of the motion vector difference value and the y-component of the motion vector difference value are greater than the threshold. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein determining whether the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision or the second sub-pixel precision comprises, when at least one of the x-component of the motion vector difference value and the y-component of the motion vector difference value is less than or equal to the threshold, determining whether the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision or the second sub-pixel precision based on a value of a motion vector resolution flag. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein coding the value representative of whether the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision or the second sub-pixel precision comprises coding a value for a motion vector resolution flag. 8. The method of claim 1,
wherein coding information representative of the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference values comprises coding the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference values as mvd_x/2−1, wherein mvd_x comprises the x-component of the motion vector difference value; and wherein coding information representative of the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference values comprises coding the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference values as mvd_y/2−1, wherein mvd_y comprises the y-component of the motion vector difference value. 9. An apparatus for coding video data, the apparatus comprising a video coder configured to code information representative of whether an absolute value of an x-component of a motion vector difference value for a current block of video data is greater than zero, code information representative of whether an absolute value of a y-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero, when the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero, code information representative of the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference value, when the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero, code information representative of the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference value, when the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero, code a sign of the x-component of the motion vector difference value, and when the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero, code a sign of the y-component of the motion vector difference value. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the video coder comprises a video encoder, and wherein the video encoder is further configured to calculate a motion vector for the current block of video data and calculate the motion vector difference value as a difference between the motion vector for the current block of video data and a motion vector predictor determined for the current block of video data. 11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the video coder comprises a video decoder, and wherein the video decoder is further configured to determine a motion vector predictor for the current block of video data and calculate a motion vector for the current block of video data as a sum of the motion vector difference value and the motion vector predictor. 12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the video coder is configured to code a value representative of whether a motion vector of the current block of video data has a first sub-pixel precision or a second sub-pixel precision, wherein the second sub-pixel precision is greater than the first sub-pixel precision, and wherein the video coder is configured to code a jointly coded value representative of both the x-component of the motion vector difference value and the y-component of the motion vector difference value when the motion vector has the second sub-pixel precision, when the x-component of the motion vector difference value is not equal to zero, and when the y-component of the motion vector difference value is not equal to zero. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein to determine whether the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision or the second sub-pixel precision, the video coder is configured to determine a threshold value associated with the motion vector, and determine that the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision when both the x-component of the motion vector difference value and the y-component of the motion vector difference value are greater than the threshold. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein to determine whether the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision or the second sub-pixel precision, the video coder is configured to, when at least one of the x-component of the motion vector difference value and the y-component of the motion vector difference value is less than or equal to the threshold, determine whether the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision or the second sub-pixel precision based on a value of a motion vector resolution flag. 15. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein to determine whether the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision or the second sub-pixel precision, the video coder is configured to determine whether the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision or the second sub-pixel precision based on a value of a motion vector resolution flag. 16. The apparatus of claim 9,
wherein to code information representative of the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference values, the video coder is configured to code the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference values as mvd_x/2−1, wherein mvd_x comprises the x-component of the motion vector difference value; and wherein to code information representative of the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference values, the video coder is configured to code the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference values as mvd_y/2−1, wherein mvd_y comprises the y-component of the motion vector difference value. 17. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the apparatus comprises at least one of:
an integrated circuit; a microprocessor; and a wireless communication device that includes the video coder. 18. An apparatus for coding video data, the apparatus comprising:
means for coding information representative of whether an absolute value of an x-component of a motion vector difference value for a current block of video data is greater than zero; means for coding information representative of whether an absolute value of a y-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero; means for coding information representative of the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference value when the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero; means for coding information representative of the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference value when the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero; means for coding a sign of the x-component of the motion vector difference value when the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero; and means for coding a sign of the y-component of the motion vector difference value when the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the means for coding comprises means for encoding, the apparatus further comprising:
means for calculating a motion vector for the current block of video data; and means for calculating the motion vector difference value as a difference between the motion vector for the current block of video data and a motion vector predictor determined for the current block of video data. 20. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the means for coding comprises means for decoding, the apparatus further comprising:
means for determining a motion vector predictor for the current block of video data; and means for calculating a motion vector for the current block of video data as a sum of the motion vector difference value and the motion vector predictor. 21. The apparatus of claim 18, further comprising:
means for coding a value representative of whether a motion vector of the current block of video data has a first sub-pixel precision or a second sub-pixel precision, wherein the second sub-pixel precision is greater than the first sub-pixel precision; and means for coding a jointly coded value representative of both the x-component of the motion vector difference value and the y-component of the motion vector difference value when the motion vector has the second sub-pixel precision, when the x-component of the motion vector difference value is not equal to zero, and when the y-component of the motion vector difference value is not equal to zero. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, further comprising means for determining whether the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision or the second sub-pixel precision, comprising:
means for determining a threshold value associated with the motion vector; and means for determining that the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision when both the x-component of the motion vector difference value and the y-component of the motion vector difference value are greater than the threshold. 23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the means for determining whether the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision or the second sub-pixel precision comprises means for determining whether the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision or the second sub-pixel precision based on a value of a motion vector resolution flag when at least one of the x-component of the motion vector difference value and the y-component of the motion vector difference value is less than or equal the threshold. 24. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the means for coding the value representative of whether the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision or the second sub-pixel precision comprises means for coding a value for a motion vector resolution flag. 25. The apparatus of claim 18,
wherein the means for coding information representative of the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference values comprises means for coding the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference values as mvd_x/2−1, wherein mvd_x comprises the x-component of the motion vector difference value; and wherein the means for coding information representative of the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference values comprises means for coding the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference values as mvd_y/2−1, wherein mvd_y comprises the y-component of the motion vector difference value. 26. A computer program product comprising a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon instructions that, when executed, cause one or more processors of a device for coding video data to:
code information representative of whether an absolute value of an x-component of a motion vector difference value for a current block of video data is greater than zero; code information representative of whether an absolute value of a y-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero; when the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero, code information representative of the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference value; when the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero, code information representative of the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference value; when the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero, code a sign of the x-component of the motion vector difference value; and when the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference value is greater than zero, code a sign of the y-component of the motion vector difference value. 27. The computer program product of claim 26, wherein the instructions that cause the one or more processors to code comprise instructions that, when executed, cause the one or more processors to encode, further comprising instructions that cause the one or more processors to:
calculate a motion vector for the current block of video data; and calculate the motion vector difference value as a difference between the motion vector for the current block of video data and a motion vector predictor determined for the current block of video data. 28. The computer program product of claim 26, wherein the instructions that cause the one or more processors to code comprise instructions that, when executed, cause the one or more processors to decode, further comprising instructions that cause the one or more processors to:
determine a motion vector predictor for the current block of video data; and calculate a motion vector for the current block of video data as a sum of the motion vector difference value and the motion vector predictor. 29. The computer program product of claim 26, further comprising instructions that cause the one or more programmable processors to:
code a value representative of whether a motion vector of the current block of video data has a first sub-pixel precision or a second sub-pixel precision, wherein the second sub-pixel precision is greater than the first sub-pixel precision; and wherein the instructions that cause the one or more processors to code information representative of the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference value and code information representative of the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference value comprise instructions that, when executed, cause the one or more processors to jointly code a value representative of both the x-component of the motion vector difference value and the y-component of the motion vector difference value when the motion vector has the second sub-pixel precision, when the x-component of the motion vector difference value is not equal to zero, and when the y-component of the motion vector difference value is not equal to zero. 30. The computer program product of claim 29, further comprising instructions that cause the one or more programmable processors to determine whether the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision or the second sub-pixel precision, comprising instructions that cause the one or more programmable processors to:
determine a threshold value associated with the motion vector; and determine that the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision when both the x-component of the motion vector difference value and the y-component of the motion vector difference value are greater than the threshold. 31. The computer programmable product of claim 30, wherein the instructions that cause the one or more programmable processors to determine whether the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision or the second sub-pixel precision comprise instructions that, when executed, cause the one or more programmable processors to, when at least one of the x-component of the motion vector difference value and the y-component of the motion vector difference value is less than or equal to the threshold, determine whether the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision or the second sub-pixel precision based on a value of a motion vector resolution flag. 32. The computer programmable product of claim 29, wherein the instructions that cause the one or more programmable processors to code the value representative of whether the motion vector has the first sub-pixel precision or the second sub-pixel precision comprise instructions that, when executed, cause the one or more programmable processors to code a value for a motion vector resolution flag. 33. The computer programmable product of claim 26,
wherein the instructions that cause the one or more programmable processor to code information representative of the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference values comprise instructions that, when executed, cause the one or more processors to code the absolute value of the x-component of the motion vector difference values as mvd_x/2−1, wherein mvd_x comprises the x-component of the motion vector difference value; and wherein the instructions that cause the one or more processors to code information representative of the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference values comprise instructions that cause the one or more processors to code the absolute value of the y-component of the motion vector difference values as mvd_y/2−1, wherein mvd_y comprises the y-component of the motion vector difference value. | 2,400 |
6,854 | 6,854 | 14,366,437 | 2,461 | The invention relates to a method and a media handling unit ( 8 ) for switching from forwarding a first media stream to forwarding a second media stream to a media recipient ( 2 ) in a VoIP based communications network. According to the invention, the first and second media streams are buffered in memory ( 14,16 ) prior to switching, providing slack time to allow switching without disturbance. | 1-15. (canceled) 16. A method for switching from forwarding a first media stream to forwarding a second media stream to a recipient in a Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) based communications network, the method comprising:
while receiving the first media stream, prior to forwarding the data of the first media stream, storing a first amount of data of the first media stream in a first memory; retrieving the first media stream from the first memory, introducing a first latency in the first media stream, and forwarding it to the recipient; while forwarding the data of the first media stream to the recipient, receiving the second media stream and storing a second amount of data of the second media stream in a second memory; stepwise increasing the latency in the first media stream by stepwise increasing the amount of data of the first media stream stored in the first memory, until the first memory stores a third amount of data of the first media stream, introducing a third latency in the first media stream; ceasing receiving of the first media stream, and continuing to forward data of the first media stream contained in the first memory to the recipient; and retrieving data of the second media stream from the second memory and forwarding it to the recipient. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising indicating an imminent switch from forwarding the first media stream to forwarding the second media stream and starting to increase the amount of data of the first media stream stored in the first memory prior to reception of the second media stream. 18. The method of claim 16, comprising providing a media mixer device in the first and second media streams and mixing the first and second media streams in the period between starting forwarding the data of the second media stream from the second memory and forwarding the last data of the first memory from the first memory. 19. The method of claim 18, comprising storing in the first memory an amount of data of the first media stream corresponding to a time delay equal to or longer than a time delay of the media mixer device, and subsequently linking the media mixer device into the first and second media streams. 20. The method of claim 16, further comprising, prior to storing data of the first media stream in the first memory:
forwarding the data of the first media stream without storing the data of the first media stream in the first memory, and, subsequently, linking the first memory to the first media stream. 21. The method of claim 16, further comprising stepwise decreasing the latency in the second media stream by stepwise decreasing the amount of data of the second media stream stored in the second memory while retrieving the data of the second media stream from the second memory and forwarding it to the recipient until the second memory includes a fourth amount of data of the second media stream. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
removing the second memory from a media path of the second media stream when the second memory includes the fourth amount of data of the second media stream; and, subsequently, forwarding the data of the second media stream without storing the data of the second media stream in the second memory. 23. The method of claim 16, wherein the switching is part of an SDP update procedure. 24. The method of claim 16, wherein the VoIP based communications network is an Internet Protocol Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) network, and wherein the switching from forwarding a first media stream to forwarding a second media stream is performed in a network node such as a Multimedia Resource Function Processor (MRFP) or a Session Border Gateway (SBG) or in a terminal. 25. A media handling unit arranged for switching from forwarding a first media stream to forwarding a second media stream to a recipient in a Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) based network, the media handling unit comprising:
a first reception unit configured to receive the first media stream; a second reception unit configured to receive the second media stream; a selection unit configured to select the first media stream and/or the second media stream; a forwarding unit configured to forward the data of the selected media stream; a first memory having a first size and configured to temporarily store data of the first media stream prior to forwarding data of the first media stream, introducing a first latency in the first media stream; a second memory having a second size and configured to temporarily store data of the second media stream prior to forwarding data of the second media stream, introducing a second latency in the second media stream; a memory size controller configured to stepwise increase or decrease the first and/or second latency, respectively, by stepwise increasing or decreasing the amount of data of the first and/or second media stream stored in the first and/or second memory respectively; and a controlling unit, wherein the controlling unit is configured to
instruct the memory size controller to stepwise increase the amount of data of the first media stream stored in the first memory, or the size of the first memory while forwarding the data of the first media stream prior to switching from forwarding the first media stream to forwarding the second media stream, and/or
instruct the memory size controller to stepwise decrease the amount of data of the second media stream stored in the second memory, or the size of the second memory while forwarding the data of the second media stream after switching from forwarding the first media stream to forwarding the second media stream. 26. The media handling unit of claim 25, further comprising a third reception unit configured to receive an indication of an imminent switch to forwarding the second media stream, wherein the controlling unit is configured to instruct the memory size controller to start increasing the amount of data of the first media stream stored in the first memory in reaction reception of the indication. 27. The media handling unit of claim 25, wherein the controlling unit is configured to instruct the forwarding unit to forward data of the first media stream without storing the data of the first media stream in the first memory, and wherein the controlling unit is configured to link the first memory into the first media stream prior to storing data of the first media stream in the first memory. 28. The media handling unit of claim 25, wherein the controlling unit is further configured to remove the second memory from a media path of the second media stream, after decreasing the amount of data of the second media stream stored in the second memory, and to subsequently instruct the forwarding unit to forward data of the second media stream without storing the data of the second media stream in the second memory. 29. The media handling unit of claim 25, wherein the selection unit, the first media reception buffer and the second memory are part of a media mixer device configured to mix the first and second media streams during a period of overlap. 30. The media handling unit of claim 25, wherein the media handling is part of a network node such as a Multimedia Resource Function Processor (MRFP) or a Session Border Gateway (SBG) or resides in a terminal. | The invention relates to a method and a media handling unit ( 8 ) for switching from forwarding a first media stream to forwarding a second media stream to a media recipient ( 2 ) in a VoIP based communications network. According to the invention, the first and second media streams are buffered in memory ( 14,16 ) prior to switching, providing slack time to allow switching without disturbance.1-15. (canceled) 16. A method for switching from forwarding a first media stream to forwarding a second media stream to a recipient in a Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) based communications network, the method comprising:
while receiving the first media stream, prior to forwarding the data of the first media stream, storing a first amount of data of the first media stream in a first memory; retrieving the first media stream from the first memory, introducing a first latency in the first media stream, and forwarding it to the recipient; while forwarding the data of the first media stream to the recipient, receiving the second media stream and storing a second amount of data of the second media stream in a second memory; stepwise increasing the latency in the first media stream by stepwise increasing the amount of data of the first media stream stored in the first memory, until the first memory stores a third amount of data of the first media stream, introducing a third latency in the first media stream; ceasing receiving of the first media stream, and continuing to forward data of the first media stream contained in the first memory to the recipient; and retrieving data of the second media stream from the second memory and forwarding it to the recipient. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising indicating an imminent switch from forwarding the first media stream to forwarding the second media stream and starting to increase the amount of data of the first media stream stored in the first memory prior to reception of the second media stream. 18. The method of claim 16, comprising providing a media mixer device in the first and second media streams and mixing the first and second media streams in the period between starting forwarding the data of the second media stream from the second memory and forwarding the last data of the first memory from the first memory. 19. The method of claim 18, comprising storing in the first memory an amount of data of the first media stream corresponding to a time delay equal to or longer than a time delay of the media mixer device, and subsequently linking the media mixer device into the first and second media streams. 20. The method of claim 16, further comprising, prior to storing data of the first media stream in the first memory:
forwarding the data of the first media stream without storing the data of the first media stream in the first memory, and, subsequently, linking the first memory to the first media stream. 21. The method of claim 16, further comprising stepwise decreasing the latency in the second media stream by stepwise decreasing the amount of data of the second media stream stored in the second memory while retrieving the data of the second media stream from the second memory and forwarding it to the recipient until the second memory includes a fourth amount of data of the second media stream. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
removing the second memory from a media path of the second media stream when the second memory includes the fourth amount of data of the second media stream; and, subsequently, forwarding the data of the second media stream without storing the data of the second media stream in the second memory. 23. The method of claim 16, wherein the switching is part of an SDP update procedure. 24. The method of claim 16, wherein the VoIP based communications network is an Internet Protocol Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) network, and wherein the switching from forwarding a first media stream to forwarding a second media stream is performed in a network node such as a Multimedia Resource Function Processor (MRFP) or a Session Border Gateway (SBG) or in a terminal. 25. A media handling unit arranged for switching from forwarding a first media stream to forwarding a second media stream to a recipient in a Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) based network, the media handling unit comprising:
a first reception unit configured to receive the first media stream; a second reception unit configured to receive the second media stream; a selection unit configured to select the first media stream and/or the second media stream; a forwarding unit configured to forward the data of the selected media stream; a first memory having a first size and configured to temporarily store data of the first media stream prior to forwarding data of the first media stream, introducing a first latency in the first media stream; a second memory having a second size and configured to temporarily store data of the second media stream prior to forwarding data of the second media stream, introducing a second latency in the second media stream; a memory size controller configured to stepwise increase or decrease the first and/or second latency, respectively, by stepwise increasing or decreasing the amount of data of the first and/or second media stream stored in the first and/or second memory respectively; and a controlling unit, wherein the controlling unit is configured to
instruct the memory size controller to stepwise increase the amount of data of the first media stream stored in the first memory, or the size of the first memory while forwarding the data of the first media stream prior to switching from forwarding the first media stream to forwarding the second media stream, and/or
instruct the memory size controller to stepwise decrease the amount of data of the second media stream stored in the second memory, or the size of the second memory while forwarding the data of the second media stream after switching from forwarding the first media stream to forwarding the second media stream. 26. The media handling unit of claim 25, further comprising a third reception unit configured to receive an indication of an imminent switch to forwarding the second media stream, wherein the controlling unit is configured to instruct the memory size controller to start increasing the amount of data of the first media stream stored in the first memory in reaction reception of the indication. 27. The media handling unit of claim 25, wherein the controlling unit is configured to instruct the forwarding unit to forward data of the first media stream without storing the data of the first media stream in the first memory, and wherein the controlling unit is configured to link the first memory into the first media stream prior to storing data of the first media stream in the first memory. 28. The media handling unit of claim 25, wherein the controlling unit is further configured to remove the second memory from a media path of the second media stream, after decreasing the amount of data of the second media stream stored in the second memory, and to subsequently instruct the forwarding unit to forward data of the second media stream without storing the data of the second media stream in the second memory. 29. The media handling unit of claim 25, wherein the selection unit, the first media reception buffer and the second memory are part of a media mixer device configured to mix the first and second media streams during a period of overlap. 30. The media handling unit of claim 25, wherein the media handling is part of a network node such as a Multimedia Resource Function Processor (MRFP) or a Session Border Gateway (SBG) or resides in a terminal. | 2,400 |
6,855 | 6,855 | 14,115,654 | 2,413 | A method and network node ( 400 ) for supporting evaluation of performance of a radio network. The network node employs carrier aggregation with multiple carriers used in corresponding multiple cells (Cell 1 , Cell 2 , Cell 3 ). The network node retrieves ( 4:1 ) statistical information regarding utilization of radio resources, wherein the statistical information indicates secondary cell use of radio resources in a particular cell. The network node reports ( 4:5 ) the statistical information to an Operation and Maintenance, O&M, node ( 404 ), thereby enabling the O&M node to use the statistical information for evaluating ( 4:6 ) how a measured performance of the radio network is related to secondary cell usage. | 1-16. (canceled) 17. A method performed by a network node of a radio network, for supporting evaluation of performance of the radio network in radio communication between wireless devices and the network node, wherein the network node employs carrier aggregation with multiple carriers used in corresponding multiple cells, the method comprising:
retrieving statistical information regarding utilization of radio resources in the radio communication, wherein the statistical information indicates secondary cell use of radio resources in a particular cell in the radio communication; and reporting the statistical information to an Operation and Maintenance (O&M) node serving the radio network, thereby enabling the O&M node to use the statistical information for evaluating how a measured performance of the radio network is related to secondary cell usage. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the statistical information indicates at least one of:
an amount of radio resources utilized for secondary cell (Scell) traffic out of a total amount of available radio resources; an amount of radio resources utilized for primary cell (Pcell) traffic out of a total amount of available radio resources; a percentage of radio resources utilized for Scell traffic relative a total amount of available radio resources; and a ratio between an amount of radio resources utilized for Scell traffic and an amount of radio resources utilized for Pcell traffic. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the statistical information indicates the utilization of radio resources separately for different Quality of Service classes. 20. The method of claim 17, further comprising retrieving separately the statistical information for uplink communication and downlink communication. 21. The method of claim 17, wherein the statistical information is retrieved from a scheduling entity associated with the network node. 22. The method of claim 17, further comprising aggregating the statistical information over a time period by determining at least one of: a mean value, a median value, a maximum value, a minimum value, and a standard deviation, of the amount or percentage of radio resources utilized for Scell traffic over the time period. 23. The method of claim 17, wherein the network node is a base station. 24. A network node of a radio network, the network node being arranged for supporting evaluation of performance of the radio network in radio communication between wireless devices and the network node when employing carrier aggregation with multiple carriers used in corresponding multiple cells, the network node comprising:
a processing unit configured to retrieve statistical information regarding utilization of radio resources in the radio communication, wherein the statistical information indicates secondary cell use of radio resources in a particular cell in the radio communication; and a communication circuitry configured to report the statistical information to an Operation and Maintenance (O&M) node serving the radio network, thereby enabling the O&M node to use the statistical information for evaluating how a measured performance of the radio network is related to secondary cell usage. 25. The network node of claim 24, wherein the statistical information indicates at least one of:
an amount of radio resources utilized for secondary (Scell) traffic out of a total amount of available radio resources, an amount of radio resources utilized for primary cell (Pcell) traffic out of a total amount of available radio resources, a percentage of radio resources utilized for Scell traffic relative a total amount of available radio resources, and a ratio between an amount of radio resources utilized for Scell traffic and an amount of radio resources utilized for Pcell traffic. 26. The network node of claim 24, wherein the statistical information indicates the utilization of radio resources separately for different Quality of Service classes. 27. The network node of claim 24, wherein the processing unit is configured to retrieve separately the statistical information for uplink communication and downlink communication. 28. The network node of claim 24, wherein the processing unit is configured to retrieve the statistical information from a scheduling entity associated with the network node. 29. The network node of claim 24, wherein the processing unit is configured to aggregate the statistical information over a time period by determining at least one of: a mean value, a median value, a maximum value, a minimum value, and a standard deviation, of the amount or percentage of radio resources utilized for secondary cell (Scell) traffic over the time period. 30. The network node of claim 24, wherein the network node is a base station. 31. A method performed by an Operation and Maintenance (O&M) node serving a radio network, for evaluating performance of the radio network in radio communication between wireless devices and a network node of the radio network, wherein the network node employs carrier aggregation with multiple carriers used in corresponding multiple cells, the method comprising:
obtaining a measured performance of the radio network, receiving statistical information from the network node regarding utilization of radio resources in the radio communication, wherein the statistical information indicates secondary cell use of radio resources in a particular cell in the radio communication; using the statistical information for performing evaluation of how the measured performance of the radio network is related to secondary cell usage; and configuring radio resources for the network node based on said evaluation. 32. An Operation and Maintenance (O&M) node, arranged for serving a radio network and for evaluating performance of the radio network in radio communication between wireless devices and a network node of the radio network, wherein the network node employs carrier aggregation with multiple carriers used in corresponding multiple cells, the O&M node comprising:
an obtaining unit arranged to obtain a measured performance of the radio network; a communication circuitry arranged to receive statistical information from the network node regarding utilization of radio resources in the radio communication, wherein the statistical information indicates secondary cell use of radio resources in a particular cell in the radio communication; a logic unit arranged to use the statistical information for performing evaluation of how the measured performance of the radio network is related to secondary cell usage; and a configuring unit arranged to configure radio resources for the network node based on said evaluation. | A method and network node ( 400 ) for supporting evaluation of performance of a radio network. The network node employs carrier aggregation with multiple carriers used in corresponding multiple cells (Cell 1 , Cell 2 , Cell 3 ). The network node retrieves ( 4:1 ) statistical information regarding utilization of radio resources, wherein the statistical information indicates secondary cell use of radio resources in a particular cell. The network node reports ( 4:5 ) the statistical information to an Operation and Maintenance, O&M, node ( 404 ), thereby enabling the O&M node to use the statistical information for evaluating ( 4:6 ) how a measured performance of the radio network is related to secondary cell usage.1-16. (canceled) 17. A method performed by a network node of a radio network, for supporting evaluation of performance of the radio network in radio communication between wireless devices and the network node, wherein the network node employs carrier aggregation with multiple carriers used in corresponding multiple cells, the method comprising:
retrieving statistical information regarding utilization of radio resources in the radio communication, wherein the statistical information indicates secondary cell use of radio resources in a particular cell in the radio communication; and reporting the statistical information to an Operation and Maintenance (O&M) node serving the radio network, thereby enabling the O&M node to use the statistical information for evaluating how a measured performance of the radio network is related to secondary cell usage. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the statistical information indicates at least one of:
an amount of radio resources utilized for secondary cell (Scell) traffic out of a total amount of available radio resources; an amount of radio resources utilized for primary cell (Pcell) traffic out of a total amount of available radio resources; a percentage of radio resources utilized for Scell traffic relative a total amount of available radio resources; and a ratio between an amount of radio resources utilized for Scell traffic and an amount of radio resources utilized for Pcell traffic. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the statistical information indicates the utilization of radio resources separately for different Quality of Service classes. 20. The method of claim 17, further comprising retrieving separately the statistical information for uplink communication and downlink communication. 21. The method of claim 17, wherein the statistical information is retrieved from a scheduling entity associated with the network node. 22. The method of claim 17, further comprising aggregating the statistical information over a time period by determining at least one of: a mean value, a median value, a maximum value, a minimum value, and a standard deviation, of the amount or percentage of radio resources utilized for Scell traffic over the time period. 23. The method of claim 17, wherein the network node is a base station. 24. A network node of a radio network, the network node being arranged for supporting evaluation of performance of the radio network in radio communication between wireless devices and the network node when employing carrier aggregation with multiple carriers used in corresponding multiple cells, the network node comprising:
a processing unit configured to retrieve statistical information regarding utilization of radio resources in the radio communication, wherein the statistical information indicates secondary cell use of radio resources in a particular cell in the radio communication; and a communication circuitry configured to report the statistical information to an Operation and Maintenance (O&M) node serving the radio network, thereby enabling the O&M node to use the statistical information for evaluating how a measured performance of the radio network is related to secondary cell usage. 25. The network node of claim 24, wherein the statistical information indicates at least one of:
an amount of radio resources utilized for secondary (Scell) traffic out of a total amount of available radio resources, an amount of radio resources utilized for primary cell (Pcell) traffic out of a total amount of available radio resources, a percentage of radio resources utilized for Scell traffic relative a total amount of available radio resources, and a ratio between an amount of radio resources utilized for Scell traffic and an amount of radio resources utilized for Pcell traffic. 26. The network node of claim 24, wherein the statistical information indicates the utilization of radio resources separately for different Quality of Service classes. 27. The network node of claim 24, wherein the processing unit is configured to retrieve separately the statistical information for uplink communication and downlink communication. 28. The network node of claim 24, wherein the processing unit is configured to retrieve the statistical information from a scheduling entity associated with the network node. 29. The network node of claim 24, wherein the processing unit is configured to aggregate the statistical information over a time period by determining at least one of: a mean value, a median value, a maximum value, a minimum value, and a standard deviation, of the amount or percentage of radio resources utilized for secondary cell (Scell) traffic over the time period. 30. The network node of claim 24, wherein the network node is a base station. 31. A method performed by an Operation and Maintenance (O&M) node serving a radio network, for evaluating performance of the radio network in radio communication between wireless devices and a network node of the radio network, wherein the network node employs carrier aggregation with multiple carriers used in corresponding multiple cells, the method comprising:
obtaining a measured performance of the radio network, receiving statistical information from the network node regarding utilization of radio resources in the radio communication, wherein the statistical information indicates secondary cell use of radio resources in a particular cell in the radio communication; using the statistical information for performing evaluation of how the measured performance of the radio network is related to secondary cell usage; and configuring radio resources for the network node based on said evaluation. 32. An Operation and Maintenance (O&M) node, arranged for serving a radio network and for evaluating performance of the radio network in radio communication between wireless devices and a network node of the radio network, wherein the network node employs carrier aggregation with multiple carriers used in corresponding multiple cells, the O&M node comprising:
an obtaining unit arranged to obtain a measured performance of the radio network; a communication circuitry arranged to receive statistical information from the network node regarding utilization of radio resources in the radio communication, wherein the statistical information indicates secondary cell use of radio resources in a particular cell in the radio communication; a logic unit arranged to use the statistical information for performing evaluation of how the measured performance of the radio network is related to secondary cell usage; and a configuring unit arranged to configure radio resources for the network node based on said evaluation. | 2,400 |
6,856 | 6,856 | 14,483,922 | 2,462 | Known network management systems for managing traffic signals in a network store node/link parameter signals and traffic parameter signals and calculate solutions defining intermediate nodes/links situated between sources and destinations for transporting said traffic signals from said sources to said destinations via said intermediate nodes/links and calculate route information per solution. By storing node/link parameter signals and traffic parameter signals for several situations (like several predictions in the future) and calculating solutions for each situation and then selecting a solution per situation, the network management system will manage the network more advantageously, especially when solutions are compared with each other, and when a solution is selected per situation in dependence of comparison results (comprising similarities/differences between solutions of different situations). Said route information may comprise link load parameters and/or resource consumption parameters and/or fairness parameters and/or throughput parameters. | 1-10. (canceled) 11. A network management system for managing traffic signals in a network comprising nodes/links, comprising:
a calculator for calculating solutions defining intermediate nodes/links for transporting traffic signals from a source to a destination for each of a plurality of situations; a comparator for comparing solutions of a same situation with each other and for comparing solutions of different situations with each other; and a selector for selecting a solution for each of the plurality of situations based on at least one comparison result of the comparing solutions of the same situation and at least one comparison result of the comparing solutions of different situations. 12. The network management system of claim 11, wherein the calculator is further for calculating route information parameters comprising at least one of a maximum link load and a resource consumption. 13. The network management system of claim 12, wherein the selector is further for selecting the solution for each of the plurality of situations by minimizing the maximum link load. 14. The network management system of claim 12, wherein the selector is further for selecting the solution for each of the plurality of situations by minimizing the resource consumption. 15. The network management system of claim 12, wherein the selector is further for selecting the solution for each of the plurality of situations based on a comparison of one or more of the route information parameters to a threshold. 16. The network management system of claim 11, wherein each of the plurality of situations defines traffic signals to be transported from the source to the destination. 17. The network management system of claim 11, wherein each of the plurality of situations defines a capacity of the traffic signals. 18. The network management system of claim 11, wherein the solutions comprise a shortest path calculation. 19. The network management system of claim 11, wherein the plurality of situations corresponds to predictions of traffic forecasts at different points in time in the future. 20. The network management system of claim 11, wherein the plurality of situations corresponds to different amounts of traffic. 21. A network comprising nodes/links and at least one network management system for managing traffic signals in said network, said network management system comprising:
a calculator for calculating solutions defining intermediate nodes/links for transporting traffic signals from a source to a destination for each of a plurality of situations; a comparator for comparing solutions of a same situation with each other and for comparing solutions of different situations with each other; and a selector for selecting a solution for each of the plurality of situations based on at least one comparison result of the comparing solutions of the same situation and at least one comparison result of the comparing solutions of different situations. 22. The network of claim 21, wherein the calculator is further for calculating route information parameters comprising at least one of a maximum link load and a resource consumption. 23. The network of claim 21, wherein the selector is further for selecting the solution for each of the plurality of situations by minimizing the maximum link load. 24. The network of claim 21, wherein the selector is further for selecting the solution for each of the plurality of situations by minimizing the resource consumption. 25. The network of claim 21, wherein the selector is further for selecting the solution for each of the plurality of situations based on a comparison of one or more of the route information parameters to a threshold. 26. A method for managing traffic signals in a network comprising nodes/links, comprising:
calculating solutions defining intermediate nodes/links for transporting traffic signals from a source to a destination for each of a plurality of situations; comparing solutions of a same situation with each other and comparing solutions of different situations with each other; and selecting a solution for each of the plurality of situations based on at least one comparison result of the comparing solutions of the same situation and at least one comparison result of the comparing solutions of different situations. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein each of the plurality of situations defines traffic signals to be transported from the source to the destination. 28. The method of claim 26, wherein each of the plurality of situations defines a capacity of the traffic signals. 29. A computer readable medium storing computer program instructions for managing traffic signals in a network comprising nodes/links, which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
calculating solutions defining intermediate nodes/links for transporting traffic signals from a source to a destination for each of a plurality of situations; comparing solutions of a same situation with each other and comparing solutions of different situations with each other; and selecting a solution for each of the plurality of situations based on at least one comparison result of the comparing solutions of the same situation and at least one comparison result of the comparing solutions of different situations. 30. The computer readable medium of claim 29, wherein the solutions comprise a shortest path calculation. | Known network management systems for managing traffic signals in a network store node/link parameter signals and traffic parameter signals and calculate solutions defining intermediate nodes/links situated between sources and destinations for transporting said traffic signals from said sources to said destinations via said intermediate nodes/links and calculate route information per solution. By storing node/link parameter signals and traffic parameter signals for several situations (like several predictions in the future) and calculating solutions for each situation and then selecting a solution per situation, the network management system will manage the network more advantageously, especially when solutions are compared with each other, and when a solution is selected per situation in dependence of comparison results (comprising similarities/differences between solutions of different situations). Said route information may comprise link load parameters and/or resource consumption parameters and/or fairness parameters and/or throughput parameters.1-10. (canceled) 11. A network management system for managing traffic signals in a network comprising nodes/links, comprising:
a calculator for calculating solutions defining intermediate nodes/links for transporting traffic signals from a source to a destination for each of a plurality of situations; a comparator for comparing solutions of a same situation with each other and for comparing solutions of different situations with each other; and a selector for selecting a solution for each of the plurality of situations based on at least one comparison result of the comparing solutions of the same situation and at least one comparison result of the comparing solutions of different situations. 12. The network management system of claim 11, wherein the calculator is further for calculating route information parameters comprising at least one of a maximum link load and a resource consumption. 13. The network management system of claim 12, wherein the selector is further for selecting the solution for each of the plurality of situations by minimizing the maximum link load. 14. The network management system of claim 12, wherein the selector is further for selecting the solution for each of the plurality of situations by minimizing the resource consumption. 15. The network management system of claim 12, wherein the selector is further for selecting the solution for each of the plurality of situations based on a comparison of one or more of the route information parameters to a threshold. 16. The network management system of claim 11, wherein each of the plurality of situations defines traffic signals to be transported from the source to the destination. 17. The network management system of claim 11, wherein each of the plurality of situations defines a capacity of the traffic signals. 18. The network management system of claim 11, wherein the solutions comprise a shortest path calculation. 19. The network management system of claim 11, wherein the plurality of situations corresponds to predictions of traffic forecasts at different points in time in the future. 20. The network management system of claim 11, wherein the plurality of situations corresponds to different amounts of traffic. 21. A network comprising nodes/links and at least one network management system for managing traffic signals in said network, said network management system comprising:
a calculator for calculating solutions defining intermediate nodes/links for transporting traffic signals from a source to a destination for each of a plurality of situations; a comparator for comparing solutions of a same situation with each other and for comparing solutions of different situations with each other; and a selector for selecting a solution for each of the plurality of situations based on at least one comparison result of the comparing solutions of the same situation and at least one comparison result of the comparing solutions of different situations. 22. The network of claim 21, wherein the calculator is further for calculating route information parameters comprising at least one of a maximum link load and a resource consumption. 23. The network of claim 21, wherein the selector is further for selecting the solution for each of the plurality of situations by minimizing the maximum link load. 24. The network of claim 21, wherein the selector is further for selecting the solution for each of the plurality of situations by minimizing the resource consumption. 25. The network of claim 21, wherein the selector is further for selecting the solution for each of the plurality of situations based on a comparison of one or more of the route information parameters to a threshold. 26. A method for managing traffic signals in a network comprising nodes/links, comprising:
calculating solutions defining intermediate nodes/links for transporting traffic signals from a source to a destination for each of a plurality of situations; comparing solutions of a same situation with each other and comparing solutions of different situations with each other; and selecting a solution for each of the plurality of situations based on at least one comparison result of the comparing solutions of the same situation and at least one comparison result of the comparing solutions of different situations. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein each of the plurality of situations defines traffic signals to be transported from the source to the destination. 28. The method of claim 26, wherein each of the plurality of situations defines a capacity of the traffic signals. 29. A computer readable medium storing computer program instructions for managing traffic signals in a network comprising nodes/links, which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
calculating solutions defining intermediate nodes/links for transporting traffic signals from a source to a destination for each of a plurality of situations; comparing solutions of a same situation with each other and comparing solutions of different situations with each other; and selecting a solution for each of the plurality of situations based on at least one comparison result of the comparing solutions of the same situation and at least one comparison result of the comparing solutions of different situations. 30. The computer readable medium of claim 29, wherein the solutions comprise a shortest path calculation. | 2,400 |
6,857 | 6,857 | 14,519,639 | 2,473 | Systems and methods involving construction of a system interconnect in which different channels have different widths in numbers of bits. Example processes to construct such a heterogeneous channel NoC interconnect are disclosed herein, wherein the channel width may be determined based upon the provided specification of bandwidth and latency between various components of the system. | 1. A method, comprising:
determining a width for each of a plurality of virtual channels in a network on chip (NoC) comprising a plurality of hosts interconnected by a plurality of physical wires to form the plurality of virtual channels, based on at least one NoC performance objective for the each of the plurality of virtual channels or a maximum data flow of the each of the plurality of virtual channels, such that at least one of the plurality of virtual channels has a different width than at least another one of the plurality of virtual channels; and providing a message reformatter between connected ones of the plurality of virtual channels, wherein the provided message reformatter is configured to adjust flits of one or more messages between the connected ones of the plurality of virtual channels. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the provided message reformatter is configured to adjust the one or more messages such that all source and destination end host pairs of the NoC maintain end-to-end message size and message format consistency. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the maximum data flow of the each of the plurality of virtual channels is determined from an application of a maximum flow algorithm on a graph of data traffic of the plurality of virtual channels. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the width of each of the plurality of virtual channels further comprises applying linear programming to determine the width that meets the at least one NoC performance objective while minimizing at least one specified cost function. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the applying linear programming further comprises constructing a list of constraints for meeting virtual and physical channel performance requirements, and wherein at least one objective function is derived for each of the at least one NoC performance objective based on the list of constraints. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least NoC one performance objective comprises a latency requirement, and wherein shortest path routing is applied to the plurality of virtual channels to meet the latency requirement. 7. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions for executing a process, comprising:
determining a width for each of a plurality of virtual channels in a network on chip (NoC) comprising a plurality of hosts interconnected by a plurality of physical wires to form the plurality of virtual channels, based on a maximum data flow of the each of the plurality of virtual channels, such that at least one of the plurality of virtual channels has a different width than at least another one of the plurality of virtual channels, wherein the instructions further comprise providing a message reformatter between connected ones of the plurality of virtual channels, wherein the provided message reformatter is configured to adjust flits of one or more messages between the connected ones of the plurality of virtual channels; wherein the maximum data flow of the each of the plurality of virtual channels is determined from an application of a maximum flow algorithm on a graph of data traffic of the plurality of virtual channels. 8. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 7, wherein the provided message reformatter is configured to adjust the one or more messages such that all source and destination end host pairs of the NoC maintain end-to-end message size and message format consistency. 9. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 7, wherein the maximum data flow is indicative of a maximum bandwidth required for the plurality of virtual channels. 10. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 7, wherein the determining the width of each of the plurality of virtual channels further comprises applying linear programming to determine the width that meets at least one NoC performance objective while minimizing at least one specified cost function. 11. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 10, wherein the applying linear programming further comprises constructing a list of constraints for meeting virtual and physical channel performance requirements, and wherein the instructions further comprise deriving at least one objective function for each of the at least one NoC performance objective based on the list of constraints. 12. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 10, wherein the at least one NoC performance objective comprises a latency requirement, and wherein the instructions further comprise applying shortest path routing to the plurality of virtual channels to meet the latency requirement. 13. A system, comprising:
a width adjustment module configured to determine a width for each of a plurality of virtual channels in a network on chip (NoC) comprising a plurality of hosts interconnected by a plurality of physical wires to form the plurality of virtual channels, based on at least one NoC performance objective for the each of the plurality of virtual channels or a maximum data flow of the each of the plurality of virtual channels, such that at least one of the plurality of virtual channels has a different width than at least another one of the plurality of virtual channels; and a message reformatter module configured to provide a message reformatter between connected ones of the plurality of virtual channels, wherein the provided message reformatter adjusts flits of one or more messages between the connected ones of the plurality of virtual channels. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the provided message reformatter is configured to adjust one or more messages such that all source and destination end host pairs of the NoC maintain end-to-end message size and message format consistency. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein the maximum flow of the each of the plurality of virtual channels is determined by the width adjustment module from an application of a maximum flow algorithm on a graph of data traffic of the plurality of virtual channels. 16. The system of claim 13, wherein the width adjustment module is configured to determine the width of each of the plurality of virtual channels by applying linear programming to determine the width that meets the at least one NoC performance objective while minimizing at least one specified cost function. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the width adjustment module is configured to apply linear programming by constructing a list of constraints for meeting virtual and physical channel performance requirements and further configured to derive at least one objective function for each of the at least one NoC performance objective based on the list of constraints. | Systems and methods involving construction of a system interconnect in which different channels have different widths in numbers of bits. Example processes to construct such a heterogeneous channel NoC interconnect are disclosed herein, wherein the channel width may be determined based upon the provided specification of bandwidth and latency between various components of the system.1. A method, comprising:
determining a width for each of a plurality of virtual channels in a network on chip (NoC) comprising a plurality of hosts interconnected by a plurality of physical wires to form the plurality of virtual channels, based on at least one NoC performance objective for the each of the plurality of virtual channels or a maximum data flow of the each of the plurality of virtual channels, such that at least one of the plurality of virtual channels has a different width than at least another one of the plurality of virtual channels; and providing a message reformatter between connected ones of the plurality of virtual channels, wherein the provided message reformatter is configured to adjust flits of one or more messages between the connected ones of the plurality of virtual channels. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the provided message reformatter is configured to adjust the one or more messages such that all source and destination end host pairs of the NoC maintain end-to-end message size and message format consistency. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the maximum data flow of the each of the plurality of virtual channels is determined from an application of a maximum flow algorithm on a graph of data traffic of the plurality of virtual channels. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the width of each of the plurality of virtual channels further comprises applying linear programming to determine the width that meets the at least one NoC performance objective while minimizing at least one specified cost function. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the applying linear programming further comprises constructing a list of constraints for meeting virtual and physical channel performance requirements, and wherein at least one objective function is derived for each of the at least one NoC performance objective based on the list of constraints. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least NoC one performance objective comprises a latency requirement, and wherein shortest path routing is applied to the plurality of virtual channels to meet the latency requirement. 7. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions for executing a process, comprising:
determining a width for each of a plurality of virtual channels in a network on chip (NoC) comprising a plurality of hosts interconnected by a plurality of physical wires to form the plurality of virtual channels, based on a maximum data flow of the each of the plurality of virtual channels, such that at least one of the plurality of virtual channels has a different width than at least another one of the plurality of virtual channels, wherein the instructions further comprise providing a message reformatter between connected ones of the plurality of virtual channels, wherein the provided message reformatter is configured to adjust flits of one or more messages between the connected ones of the plurality of virtual channels; wherein the maximum data flow of the each of the plurality of virtual channels is determined from an application of a maximum flow algorithm on a graph of data traffic of the plurality of virtual channels. 8. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 7, wherein the provided message reformatter is configured to adjust the one or more messages such that all source and destination end host pairs of the NoC maintain end-to-end message size and message format consistency. 9. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 7, wherein the maximum data flow is indicative of a maximum bandwidth required for the plurality of virtual channels. 10. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 7, wherein the determining the width of each of the plurality of virtual channels further comprises applying linear programming to determine the width that meets at least one NoC performance objective while minimizing at least one specified cost function. 11. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 10, wherein the applying linear programming further comprises constructing a list of constraints for meeting virtual and physical channel performance requirements, and wherein the instructions further comprise deriving at least one objective function for each of the at least one NoC performance objective based on the list of constraints. 12. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 10, wherein the at least one NoC performance objective comprises a latency requirement, and wherein the instructions further comprise applying shortest path routing to the plurality of virtual channels to meet the latency requirement. 13. A system, comprising:
a width adjustment module configured to determine a width for each of a plurality of virtual channels in a network on chip (NoC) comprising a plurality of hosts interconnected by a plurality of physical wires to form the plurality of virtual channels, based on at least one NoC performance objective for the each of the plurality of virtual channels or a maximum data flow of the each of the plurality of virtual channels, such that at least one of the plurality of virtual channels has a different width than at least another one of the plurality of virtual channels; and a message reformatter module configured to provide a message reformatter between connected ones of the plurality of virtual channels, wherein the provided message reformatter adjusts flits of one or more messages between the connected ones of the plurality of virtual channels. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the provided message reformatter is configured to adjust one or more messages such that all source and destination end host pairs of the NoC maintain end-to-end message size and message format consistency. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein the maximum flow of the each of the plurality of virtual channels is determined by the width adjustment module from an application of a maximum flow algorithm on a graph of data traffic of the plurality of virtual channels. 16. The system of claim 13, wherein the width adjustment module is configured to determine the width of each of the plurality of virtual channels by applying linear programming to determine the width that meets the at least one NoC performance objective while minimizing at least one specified cost function. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the width adjustment module is configured to apply linear programming by constructing a list of constraints for meeting virtual and physical channel performance requirements and further configured to derive at least one objective function for each of the at least one NoC performance objective based on the list of constraints. | 2,400 |
6,858 | 6,858 | 14,972,911 | 2,436 | The subject matter of this specification can be embodied in, among other things, a method that includes receiving at a computing device that is in a locked state, one or more user inputs to unlock the device and to execute at least one command that is different from a command for unlocking the device. The method further includes executing in response to the user inputs to unlock the device an unlocking operation by the device to convert the device from a locked state to an unlocked state. The method further includes executing the at least one command in response to receiving the user inputs to execute the at least one command. The at least one command executes so that results of executing the at least one command are first displayed on the device to a user automatically after the device changes from the locked state to the unlocked state. | 1-12. (canceled) 13. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
receiving, by a computing device that is in a locked state, a user command; receiving, by the computing device and after the computing device has begun to receive the user command, a user request to unlock the computing device; executing, by the computing device and responsive to the user request to unlock the computing device, an unlocking operation to transition the computing device from the locked state to an unlocked state; and presenting, by the computing device, while the computing device is in the unlocked state, one or more results responsive to the user command. 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 13, wherein:
the user command is a voice command that was detected using a microphone of the computing device, and the user request to unlock the computing device is received based on user interaction with a touchscreen of the computing device. 15. The computer-implemented method of claim 13, wherein:
the user command is a voice command, and the user request to unlock the computing device includes user interaction with a keyboard that specifies a passcode. 16. The computer-implemented method of claim 13, wherein:
the user command is a voice command, and the user request to unlock the computing device includes user interaction with a touchscreen of the computing device to specify an unlocking pattern. 17. The computer-implemented method of claim 13, further comprising beginning to perform an action identified by the user command while the computing device is in the locked state. 18. The computer-implemented method of claim 17, wherein beginning to perform the action identified by the user command while the computing device is in the locked state includes sending a query specified by the user command to a remote server system while the computing device is in the locked state. 19. The computer-implemented method of claim 18, further comprising:
receiving, by the computing device and from the remote server system, a result to the query while the computing device is in the locked state, wherein the one or more results responsive to the user command include the result to the query; and storing, by the computing device, the result to the query while the computing device is in the locked state. 20. The computer-implemented method of claim 19, further comprising first presenting the result to the query after the computing device has transitioned from the locked state to the unlocked state and while the computing device is in the unlocked state. 21. The computer-implemented method of claim 13, wherein:
the user command is a voice command, and the user request to unlock the device is received while the voice command is being received. 22. The computer-implemented method of claim 13, wherein the user command includes a search query and the one or more results include multiple search results that were provided to the computing device by a search engine in response to the computing device providing the search query to the search engine. 23. A non-transitory computer-readable medium including instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause performance of operations that comprise:
receiving, by a computing device that is in a locked state, a user command; receiving, by the computing device and after the computing device has begun to receive the user command, a user request to unlock the computing device; executing, by the computing device and responsive to having received the user request to unlock the computing device, an unlocking operation to transition the computing device from the locked state to an unlocked state; and presenting, by the computing device, while the computing device is in the unlocked state, one or more results responsive to the user command. 24. The computer-readable medium of claim 23, wherein:
the user command is a voice command that was detected using a microphone of the computing device, and the user request to unlock the computing device is received based on user interaction with a touchscreen of the computing device. 25. The computer-readable medium of claim 23, wherein:
the user command is a voice command, and the user request to unlock the computing device includes user interaction with a keyboard that specifies a passcode. 26. The computer-readable medium of claim 23, wherein:
the user command is a voice command, and the user request to unlock the computing device includes user interaction with a touchscreen of the computing device to specify an unlocking pattern. 27. The computer-readable medium of claim 23, wherein the operations further comprise beginning to perform an action identified by the user command while the computing device is in the locked state. 28. The computer-readable medium of claim 27, wherein beginning to perform the action identified by the user command while the computing device is in the locked state includes sending a query specified by the user command to a remote server system while the computing device is in the locked state. 29. The computer-readable medium of claim 28, wherein the operations further comprise:
receiving, by the computing device and from the remote server system, a result to the query while the computing device is in the locked state, wherein the one or more results responsive to the user command include the result to the query; and storing, by the computing device, the result to the query while the computing device is in the locked state. 30. The computer-readable medium of claim 29, wherein the operations further comprise first presenting the result to the query after the computing device has transitioned from the locked state to the unlocked state and while the computing device is in the unlocked state. 31. The computer-readable medium of claim 23, wherein:
the user command is a voice command, and the user request to unlock the device is received while the voice command is being received. 32. The computer-readable medium of claim 23, wherein the user command includes a search query and the one or more results include multiple search results that were provided to the computing device by a search engine in response to the computing device providing the search query to the search engine. | The subject matter of this specification can be embodied in, among other things, a method that includes receiving at a computing device that is in a locked state, one or more user inputs to unlock the device and to execute at least one command that is different from a command for unlocking the device. The method further includes executing in response to the user inputs to unlock the device an unlocking operation by the device to convert the device from a locked state to an unlocked state. The method further includes executing the at least one command in response to receiving the user inputs to execute the at least one command. The at least one command executes so that results of executing the at least one command are first displayed on the device to a user automatically after the device changes from the locked state to the unlocked state.1-12. (canceled) 13. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
receiving, by a computing device that is in a locked state, a user command; receiving, by the computing device and after the computing device has begun to receive the user command, a user request to unlock the computing device; executing, by the computing device and responsive to the user request to unlock the computing device, an unlocking operation to transition the computing device from the locked state to an unlocked state; and presenting, by the computing device, while the computing device is in the unlocked state, one or more results responsive to the user command. 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 13, wherein:
the user command is a voice command that was detected using a microphone of the computing device, and the user request to unlock the computing device is received based on user interaction with a touchscreen of the computing device. 15. The computer-implemented method of claim 13, wherein:
the user command is a voice command, and the user request to unlock the computing device includes user interaction with a keyboard that specifies a passcode. 16. The computer-implemented method of claim 13, wherein:
the user command is a voice command, and the user request to unlock the computing device includes user interaction with a touchscreen of the computing device to specify an unlocking pattern. 17. The computer-implemented method of claim 13, further comprising beginning to perform an action identified by the user command while the computing device is in the locked state. 18. The computer-implemented method of claim 17, wherein beginning to perform the action identified by the user command while the computing device is in the locked state includes sending a query specified by the user command to a remote server system while the computing device is in the locked state. 19. The computer-implemented method of claim 18, further comprising:
receiving, by the computing device and from the remote server system, a result to the query while the computing device is in the locked state, wherein the one or more results responsive to the user command include the result to the query; and storing, by the computing device, the result to the query while the computing device is in the locked state. 20. The computer-implemented method of claim 19, further comprising first presenting the result to the query after the computing device has transitioned from the locked state to the unlocked state and while the computing device is in the unlocked state. 21. The computer-implemented method of claim 13, wherein:
the user command is a voice command, and the user request to unlock the device is received while the voice command is being received. 22. The computer-implemented method of claim 13, wherein the user command includes a search query and the one or more results include multiple search results that were provided to the computing device by a search engine in response to the computing device providing the search query to the search engine. 23. A non-transitory computer-readable medium including instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause performance of operations that comprise:
receiving, by a computing device that is in a locked state, a user command; receiving, by the computing device and after the computing device has begun to receive the user command, a user request to unlock the computing device; executing, by the computing device and responsive to having received the user request to unlock the computing device, an unlocking operation to transition the computing device from the locked state to an unlocked state; and presenting, by the computing device, while the computing device is in the unlocked state, one or more results responsive to the user command. 24. The computer-readable medium of claim 23, wherein:
the user command is a voice command that was detected using a microphone of the computing device, and the user request to unlock the computing device is received based on user interaction with a touchscreen of the computing device. 25. The computer-readable medium of claim 23, wherein:
the user command is a voice command, and the user request to unlock the computing device includes user interaction with a keyboard that specifies a passcode. 26. The computer-readable medium of claim 23, wherein:
the user command is a voice command, and the user request to unlock the computing device includes user interaction with a touchscreen of the computing device to specify an unlocking pattern. 27. The computer-readable medium of claim 23, wherein the operations further comprise beginning to perform an action identified by the user command while the computing device is in the locked state. 28. The computer-readable medium of claim 27, wherein beginning to perform the action identified by the user command while the computing device is in the locked state includes sending a query specified by the user command to a remote server system while the computing device is in the locked state. 29. The computer-readable medium of claim 28, wherein the operations further comprise:
receiving, by the computing device and from the remote server system, a result to the query while the computing device is in the locked state, wherein the one or more results responsive to the user command include the result to the query; and storing, by the computing device, the result to the query while the computing device is in the locked state. 30. The computer-readable medium of claim 29, wherein the operations further comprise first presenting the result to the query after the computing device has transitioned from the locked state to the unlocked state and while the computing device is in the unlocked state. 31. The computer-readable medium of claim 23, wherein:
the user command is a voice command, and the user request to unlock the device is received while the voice command is being received. 32. The computer-readable medium of claim 23, wherein the user command includes a search query and the one or more results include multiple search results that were provided to the computing device by a search engine in response to the computing device providing the search query to the search engine. | 2,400 |
6,859 | 6,859 | 14,023,092 | 2,448 | A portal system uses sandboxing to increase reliability of the portals. The portal can be centrally managed to maintain reliability of portals by sandboxing individual portlets. This can help portal administrators reduce the impact any single portlet may have on the resiliency of the overall portal, while maintaining core portal functionality. For example, if a portlet or group of portlets becomes unstable, these portlets will not impact the overall availability of the portal. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving a first request from a user to a portal web page, wherein a first portlet of the portal web page is managed by a master portal process and the first request includes a first portlet identifier indicating that it relates to the first portlet; at the master portal process, processing the user's first request comprising:
performing a lookup using the first portlet identifier;
based on the lookup, determining a first sandbox executes a first portlet executable corresponding to the first portlet;
transferring the first request to the first sandbox for operation; and
receiving an updated render of the first portlet at the master portal process based on the first request; and
generating a response for the user's first request comprising:
assembling output for a plurality of portlets on the portal web page, including the updated render of the first portlet; and
rendering an updated portal web page. 2. The method of claim 1 comprising:
receiving an error indication from the first portlet; and
terminating the first sandbox executing the first portlet executable. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the master portal process continues to execute after the terminating the first sandbox. 4. The method of claim 2 wherein the error indication indicates a nonresponsive state of the first portlet. 5. The method of claim 2 wherein the error indication indicates an excessive computing resource utilization of the first portlet. 6. The method of claim 2 wherein the error indication indicates an excessive utilization of resources of the first portlet. 7. The method of claim 6 wherein the excessive utilization of resources includes excessive utilization of at least one of a computing resource, memory resource, network resource, or disk resource. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein the first request relates to exactly one portlet of the portal web page. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein the master portal process executes on a first computer separate from a second computer hosting the first sandbox. 10. The method of claim 1 comprising:
at the master portal process, processing a user's second request wherein the second request includes a second portlet identifier indicating that it relates to the first portlet and further comprises:
performing a lookup using the second portlet identifier;
based on the lookup, determining the first sandbox executes the first portlet executable corresponding to the first portlet;
transferring the second request to the first sandbox for operation; and
receiving an updated render of the first portlet at the master portal process based on the second request. 11. The method of claim 1 comprising:
at the master portal process, processing a user's second request wherein the second request includes a second portlet identifier indicating that it relates to a second portlet managed by the master portal process and further comprises:
performing a lookup using the second portlet identifier;
based on the lookup, determining a first sandbox executes the second portlet executable corresponding to the second portlet;
transferring the second request to the first sandbox for operation; and
receiving an updated render of the second portlet at the master portal process based on the second request. 12. The method of claim 1 comprising:
at the master portal process, processing a user's second request wherein the second request includes a second portlet identifier indicating that it relates to a second portlet managed by the master portal process and further comprises:
performing a lookup using the second portlet identifier;
based on the lookup, determining a second sandbox executes the second portlet executable corresponding to the second portlet;
transferring the second request to the second sandbox for operation; and
receiving an updated render of the second portlet at the master portal process based on the second request. 13. The method of claim 1 wherein the first sandbox comprises an interpreter, wherein the interpreter is used in executing the first portlet executable of the first portlet. 14. The method of claim 1 wherein the first portlet executable of the first portlet comprises a bytecode format. 15. A method comprising:
receiving a request from a first user at a first portlet of a portal web page managed by a master portal process; launching a first sandbox comprising the first portlet; at the master portal process, processing the first user's request by sending the first user's request at the first portlet to the first sandbox for execution; at the master portal process, monitoring execution of the first sandbox, wherein the monitoring is capable of detecting at least one of a plurality of conditions of the first sandbox, the plurality of conditions comprising a first condition comprising unresponsiveness of the first portlet; and upon detecting a condition of the plurality of conditions of the first sandbox, causing a termination of the first sandbox, launching a second sandbox, and sending the first user's request of the first portlet to the second sandbox for execution, wherein the first sandbox is terminated without a termination of the master portal process, the second sandbox is different from the first sandbox, and the second sandbox comprises the first portlet. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein the plurality of conditions comprises a second condition comprising excessive resource utilization by the first portlet. 17. The method of claim 15 comprising:
upon detecting a condition of the plurality of conditions of the first sandbox, providing an indication that the condition has occurred. 18. The method of claim 15 wherein the monitoring execution of the first sandbox comprises monitoring a heartbeat connection between the first sandbox and the master portal process. 19. The method of claim 15 wherein before the causing the termination of the first sandbox, the first sandbox comprises the first portlet and a second portlet and
after the causing a termination of the first sandbox, the second sandbox comprises the first portlet and the second portlet. 20. A method comprising:
receiving a request from a first user at a portal web page for a first portlet managed by a master portal process; at the master portal process, processing the first user's request by determining that the first portlet has been configured to execute on a first sandbox, and sending the first user's request at the first portlet to the first sandbox for execution, wherein the first sandbox comprises an executable of the first portlet that will execute the first user's response; at the first sandbox containing the executable of the first portlet, processing the first user's request and returning a result to the master portal process; and at the master portal process, assembling a response for the first user's request including the result from the executable of the first portlet at the first sandbox and returning the response at the portal web page. 21. The method of claim 20 wherein the second portlet comprises an executable configured to execute on a second sandbox, separate from the first sandbox. 22. The method of claim 20 wherein the second portlet comprises an executable configured to execute on the first sandbox. | A portal system uses sandboxing to increase reliability of the portals. The portal can be centrally managed to maintain reliability of portals by sandboxing individual portlets. This can help portal administrators reduce the impact any single portlet may have on the resiliency of the overall portal, while maintaining core portal functionality. For example, if a portlet or group of portlets becomes unstable, these portlets will not impact the overall availability of the portal.1. A method comprising:
receiving a first request from a user to a portal web page, wherein a first portlet of the portal web page is managed by a master portal process and the first request includes a first portlet identifier indicating that it relates to the first portlet; at the master portal process, processing the user's first request comprising:
performing a lookup using the first portlet identifier;
based on the lookup, determining a first sandbox executes a first portlet executable corresponding to the first portlet;
transferring the first request to the first sandbox for operation; and
receiving an updated render of the first portlet at the master portal process based on the first request; and
generating a response for the user's first request comprising:
assembling output for a plurality of portlets on the portal web page, including the updated render of the first portlet; and
rendering an updated portal web page. 2. The method of claim 1 comprising:
receiving an error indication from the first portlet; and
terminating the first sandbox executing the first portlet executable. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the master portal process continues to execute after the terminating the first sandbox. 4. The method of claim 2 wherein the error indication indicates a nonresponsive state of the first portlet. 5. The method of claim 2 wherein the error indication indicates an excessive computing resource utilization of the first portlet. 6. The method of claim 2 wherein the error indication indicates an excessive utilization of resources of the first portlet. 7. The method of claim 6 wherein the excessive utilization of resources includes excessive utilization of at least one of a computing resource, memory resource, network resource, or disk resource. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein the first request relates to exactly one portlet of the portal web page. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein the master portal process executes on a first computer separate from a second computer hosting the first sandbox. 10. The method of claim 1 comprising:
at the master portal process, processing a user's second request wherein the second request includes a second portlet identifier indicating that it relates to the first portlet and further comprises:
performing a lookup using the second portlet identifier;
based on the lookup, determining the first sandbox executes the first portlet executable corresponding to the first portlet;
transferring the second request to the first sandbox for operation; and
receiving an updated render of the first portlet at the master portal process based on the second request. 11. The method of claim 1 comprising:
at the master portal process, processing a user's second request wherein the second request includes a second portlet identifier indicating that it relates to a second portlet managed by the master portal process and further comprises:
performing a lookup using the second portlet identifier;
based on the lookup, determining a first sandbox executes the second portlet executable corresponding to the second portlet;
transferring the second request to the first sandbox for operation; and
receiving an updated render of the second portlet at the master portal process based on the second request. 12. The method of claim 1 comprising:
at the master portal process, processing a user's second request wherein the second request includes a second portlet identifier indicating that it relates to a second portlet managed by the master portal process and further comprises:
performing a lookup using the second portlet identifier;
based on the lookup, determining a second sandbox executes the second portlet executable corresponding to the second portlet;
transferring the second request to the second sandbox for operation; and
receiving an updated render of the second portlet at the master portal process based on the second request. 13. The method of claim 1 wherein the first sandbox comprises an interpreter, wherein the interpreter is used in executing the first portlet executable of the first portlet. 14. The method of claim 1 wherein the first portlet executable of the first portlet comprises a bytecode format. 15. A method comprising:
receiving a request from a first user at a first portlet of a portal web page managed by a master portal process; launching a first sandbox comprising the first portlet; at the master portal process, processing the first user's request by sending the first user's request at the first portlet to the first sandbox for execution; at the master portal process, monitoring execution of the first sandbox, wherein the monitoring is capable of detecting at least one of a plurality of conditions of the first sandbox, the plurality of conditions comprising a first condition comprising unresponsiveness of the first portlet; and upon detecting a condition of the plurality of conditions of the first sandbox, causing a termination of the first sandbox, launching a second sandbox, and sending the first user's request of the first portlet to the second sandbox for execution, wherein the first sandbox is terminated without a termination of the master portal process, the second sandbox is different from the first sandbox, and the second sandbox comprises the first portlet. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein the plurality of conditions comprises a second condition comprising excessive resource utilization by the first portlet. 17. The method of claim 15 comprising:
upon detecting a condition of the plurality of conditions of the first sandbox, providing an indication that the condition has occurred. 18. The method of claim 15 wherein the monitoring execution of the first sandbox comprises monitoring a heartbeat connection between the first sandbox and the master portal process. 19. The method of claim 15 wherein before the causing the termination of the first sandbox, the first sandbox comprises the first portlet and a second portlet and
after the causing a termination of the first sandbox, the second sandbox comprises the first portlet and the second portlet. 20. A method comprising:
receiving a request from a first user at a portal web page for a first portlet managed by a master portal process; at the master portal process, processing the first user's request by determining that the first portlet has been configured to execute on a first sandbox, and sending the first user's request at the first portlet to the first sandbox for execution, wherein the first sandbox comprises an executable of the first portlet that will execute the first user's response; at the first sandbox containing the executable of the first portlet, processing the first user's request and returning a result to the master portal process; and at the master portal process, assembling a response for the first user's request including the result from the executable of the first portlet at the first sandbox and returning the response at the portal web page. 21. The method of claim 20 wherein the second portlet comprises an executable configured to execute on a second sandbox, separate from the first sandbox. 22. The method of claim 20 wherein the second portlet comprises an executable configured to execute on the first sandbox. | 2,400 |
6,860 | 6,860 | 15,053,049 | 2,425 | A method for an interactive crowdfunding platform includes receiving on at least one device a plurality of video crowdfunding offerings from a production server for products each associated with a respective data portal, where the video crowdfunding offerings are in a format viewable on at least one device of a viewer, and transmitting a response to the respective data portal to indicate to purchase a security for the product based on a respective video crowdfunding offering. A microprocessor of the production server is configured to transmit an alert to the at least one device of the viewer in response to at least one video crowdfunding offering matching stored preferences for the viewer. The alert includes at least one of an investment category, a price for the security, and a universal resource locator (URL) that specifies the location of the data portal to purchase the security. | 1. A method for an interactive crowdfunding platform, the method comprising:
storing a graphical user interface (GUI) on a device of a viewer; and receiving a video crowdfunding offering for a product at a production server sent from a data portal, the production server comprising a microprocessor and a memory that stores preferences of the viewer for video format, destination address, specified investment value, investment category, and transmission schedule, wherein the microprocessor
filters the received video crowdfunding offering by comparing content of the received video crowdfunding offerings to the stored preferences of the viewer to find a match,
generates an alert in response to a matched filtered video crowdfunding offering, the alert includes at least one of the investment category, the investment value, and a universal resource locator (URL), which specifies the location of the data portal, and
transmits the alert to the GUI of the viewer,
wherein the alert activates the GUI to cause the alert to display on the device of the viewer and to enable connection via the URL to the data portal and to enable the viewer to invest in the product shown in the video crowdfunding offering. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the device of the viewer is a cellular device. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the device is a remote computer. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the alert is transmitted to the GUI over the Internet. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the alert is transmitted over a wireless communication channel to the device associated with the viewer based upon the destination address and the transmission schedule. 6. The method of claim 1, the method further comprising connecting the device to a computer of the viewer and the computer is connected to the Internet. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the specified investment value is a price advertised to the public for securities being offered. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the content of the video crowdfunding offering comprises the target offering amount, the deadline to reach the target offering amount, and whether the company will accept investments in excess of the target offering amount. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving the video crowdfunding offering for the product at a television set of the viewer; displaying the video crowdfunding offering on the television set; and connecting via the URL to the data portal using the GUI to enable the viewer to invest in the product shown in the video crowdfunding offering displayed on the television set. 10. A method for an interactive crowdfunding platform, the method comprising:
transmitting a plurality of video crowdfunding offerings from a production server to a plurality of viewers for products each associated with a respective data portal, the video crowdfunding offerings in a format viewable on a respective device of the viewers; and receiving a response at the respective data portal from at least one viewer in response to the viewer indicating to purchase a security for the product based on a respective video crowdfunding offering. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the production server comprises a microprocessor and a memory that stores preferences of the viewer. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the microprocessor is configured to transmit an alert to the respective device of the viewer in response to at least one video crowdfunding offering matching the stored preferences for the respective viewer. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the alert includes at least one of investment category, a price for the security, and a universal resource locator (URL) that specifies the location of the data portal to purchase the security. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the alert is transmitted to the respective device over the Internet. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the alert is transmitted over a wireless communication channel to the respective device. 16. A method for an interactive crowdfunding platform, the method comprising:
receiving on at least one device a plurality of video crowdfunding offerings from a production server for products each associated with a respective data portal, the video crowdfunding offerings in a format viewable on at least one device of a viewer; and transmitting a response to the respective data portal to indicate to purchase a security for the product based on a respective video crowdfunding offering. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the at least one device comprises a microprocessor and a memory that stores preferences of the viewer. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the microprocessor is configured to transmit an alert to the at least one device of the viewer in response to at least one video crowdfunding offering matching the stored preferences for the viewer. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the alert includes at least one of an investment category, a price for the security, and a universal resource locator (URL) that specifies the location of the data portal to purchase the security. 20. The method of claim 12, wherein the alert is transmitted to the respective device over the Internet, wireless communication channel, or any combination thereof. | A method for an interactive crowdfunding platform includes receiving on at least one device a plurality of video crowdfunding offerings from a production server for products each associated with a respective data portal, where the video crowdfunding offerings are in a format viewable on at least one device of a viewer, and transmitting a response to the respective data portal to indicate to purchase a security for the product based on a respective video crowdfunding offering. A microprocessor of the production server is configured to transmit an alert to the at least one device of the viewer in response to at least one video crowdfunding offering matching stored preferences for the viewer. The alert includes at least one of an investment category, a price for the security, and a universal resource locator (URL) that specifies the location of the data portal to purchase the security.1. A method for an interactive crowdfunding platform, the method comprising:
storing a graphical user interface (GUI) on a device of a viewer; and receiving a video crowdfunding offering for a product at a production server sent from a data portal, the production server comprising a microprocessor and a memory that stores preferences of the viewer for video format, destination address, specified investment value, investment category, and transmission schedule, wherein the microprocessor
filters the received video crowdfunding offering by comparing content of the received video crowdfunding offerings to the stored preferences of the viewer to find a match,
generates an alert in response to a matched filtered video crowdfunding offering, the alert includes at least one of the investment category, the investment value, and a universal resource locator (URL), which specifies the location of the data portal, and
transmits the alert to the GUI of the viewer,
wherein the alert activates the GUI to cause the alert to display on the device of the viewer and to enable connection via the URL to the data portal and to enable the viewer to invest in the product shown in the video crowdfunding offering. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the device of the viewer is a cellular device. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the device is a remote computer. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the alert is transmitted to the GUI over the Internet. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the alert is transmitted over a wireless communication channel to the device associated with the viewer based upon the destination address and the transmission schedule. 6. The method of claim 1, the method further comprising connecting the device to a computer of the viewer and the computer is connected to the Internet. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the specified investment value is a price advertised to the public for securities being offered. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the content of the video crowdfunding offering comprises the target offering amount, the deadline to reach the target offering amount, and whether the company will accept investments in excess of the target offering amount. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving the video crowdfunding offering for the product at a television set of the viewer; displaying the video crowdfunding offering on the television set; and connecting via the URL to the data portal using the GUI to enable the viewer to invest in the product shown in the video crowdfunding offering displayed on the television set. 10. A method for an interactive crowdfunding platform, the method comprising:
transmitting a plurality of video crowdfunding offerings from a production server to a plurality of viewers for products each associated with a respective data portal, the video crowdfunding offerings in a format viewable on a respective device of the viewers; and receiving a response at the respective data portal from at least one viewer in response to the viewer indicating to purchase a security for the product based on a respective video crowdfunding offering. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the production server comprises a microprocessor and a memory that stores preferences of the viewer. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the microprocessor is configured to transmit an alert to the respective device of the viewer in response to at least one video crowdfunding offering matching the stored preferences for the respective viewer. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the alert includes at least one of investment category, a price for the security, and a universal resource locator (URL) that specifies the location of the data portal to purchase the security. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the alert is transmitted to the respective device over the Internet. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the alert is transmitted over a wireless communication channel to the respective device. 16. A method for an interactive crowdfunding platform, the method comprising:
receiving on at least one device a plurality of video crowdfunding offerings from a production server for products each associated with a respective data portal, the video crowdfunding offerings in a format viewable on at least one device of a viewer; and transmitting a response to the respective data portal to indicate to purchase a security for the product based on a respective video crowdfunding offering. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the at least one device comprises a microprocessor and a memory that stores preferences of the viewer. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the microprocessor is configured to transmit an alert to the at least one device of the viewer in response to at least one video crowdfunding offering matching the stored preferences for the viewer. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the alert includes at least one of an investment category, a price for the security, and a universal resource locator (URL) that specifies the location of the data portal to purchase the security. 20. The method of claim 12, wherein the alert is transmitted to the respective device over the Internet, wireless communication channel, or any combination thereof. | 2,400 |
6,861 | 6,861 | 13,541,023 | 2,423 | A method can include receiving a plurality of unperfected logs via a network, storing the plurality of unperfected logs in a database based on the anticipated broadcast schedule, transmitting at least one unperfected log by the electronic hub, receiving an inquiry into one or more spots in the available inventory, transmitting data associated with the one or more spots the data to be displayed on a graphical user interface in response to the inquiry, receiving a selection of one or more spots in the available inventory in response, and requesting content related to the selected one or more spots. The method can include receiving and associating advertising content with the selection of the one or more spots, creating a perfected log based on the unperfected log and the received content, monitoring a broadcast of the media outlet, detecting a difference between the perfected log and the broadcast, and transmitting status information. | 1-23. (canceled) 24. A method for use in a media distribution system including an electronic hub and a plurality of media outlets, the method comprising:
receiving, at an electronic hub via a communication network, an advertiser selection from an advertiser, the advertiser selection indicating:
a selection of an unperfected version of a station log, the unperfected version of the station log associated with one or more of the plurality of media outlets;
a selection of at least one media outlet inventory item associated with the unperfected version of the station log;
creating, at the electronic hub, a perfected version of the station log based on the advertiser selection; receiving information associated with a transmitted version of the station log from the one or more of the plurality of media outlets, via the communication network; verifying that the transmitted version of the station log matches the perfected version of the station log; and providing a result of the verifying to the advertiser, via the communication network. 25. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
receiving, at the electronic hub via the communication network, unperfected station logs transmitted from the plurality of media outlets; receiving, at the electronic hub via the communication network, inventory information from the plurality of media outlets. 26. The method of claim 25, further comprising:
transmitting the unperfected station logs and the inventory information from the electronic hub to an advertiser via the communication network. 27. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
receiving from the advertiser, at the electronic hub via the communication network, preemption information. 28. The method of claim 27, further comprising:
injecting, at the hub, preemption content indicated by the preemption information. 29. The method of claim 24, wherein the advertiser selection further indicates:
a selection of an unperfected version of a station log from each of a plurality of different distributed media outlets; and a selection of at least one available spot from the unperfected version of the station log from each of a plurality of different distributed media outlets. 30. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
determining, at the electronic hub, that the at least one media outlet inventory item includes fewer than all reserved inventory items associated with the unperfected version of the station log; and in response to the determining, transmitting an inventory cancellation notification from the electronic hub to the one or more of the plurality of media outlets. 31. An apparatus comprising:
a processor; memory operably coupled to the processor; a program of instructions configured to be stored in the memory and executed by the processor, the program of instructions including: at least one instruction configured to receive, via a communication network, an advertiser selection from an advertiser, the advertiser selection indicating:
a selection of an unperfected version of a station log, the unperfected version of the station log associated with one or more of the plurality of media outlets;
a selection of at least one media outlet inventory item associated with the unperfected version of the station log;
at least one instruction configured to create a perfected version of the station log based on the advertiser selection; at least one instruction configured to receive information associated with a transmitted version of the station log from the one or more of the plurality of media outlets, via the communication network; at least one instruction configured to verify that the transmitted version of the station log matches the perfected version of the station log; and at least one instruction configured to provide a result of the verifying to the advertiser, via the communication network. 32. The apparatus of claim 31, further comprising:
at least one instruction configured to receive, via the communication network, unperfected station logs transmitted from the plurality of media outlets; at least one instruction configured to receive via the communication network, inventory information from the plurality of media outlets. 33. The apparatus of claim 32, further comprising:
at least one instruction configured to transmit the unperfected station logs and the inventory information from the electronic hub to an advertiser via the communication network. 34. The apparatus of claim 31, further comprising:
at least one instruction configured to receive from the advertiser, at the electronic hub via the communication network, preemption information. 35. The apparatus of claim 34, further comprising:
at least one instruction configured to inject preemption content indicated by the preemption information. 36. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the advertiser selection further indicates:
a selection of an unperfected version of a station log from each of a plurality of different distributed media outlets; and a selection of at least one available spot from the unperfected version of the station log from each of a plurality of different distributed media outlets. 37. The apparatus of claim 31, further comprising:
at least one instruction configured to determine that the at least one media outlet inventory item includes fewer than all reserved inventory items associated with the unperfected version of the station log; and at least one instruction configured to transmit an inventory cancellation notification to the one or more of the plurality of media outlets in response to a result of the at least one instruction configured to determine. 38. A method comprising:
obtaining unperfected versions of station logs from a plurality of distributed media outlets at an electronic hub coupled to the distributed media outlets via a communication network, each of the unperfected versions of station logs indicating advertising inventory available from the distributed media outlet from which the unperfected version of the station log is received; providing an advertiser with at least one unperfected version of a station log from each of multiple different distributed media outlets via the communication network; receiving, via the communication network, an advertiser selection from the advertiser, the advertiser selection indicating:
a selection of an unperfected version of a station log from at least one of the multiple different distributed media outlets;
a selection of at least one media outlet inventory item associated with the unperfected version of the station log indicated by the selection, the at least one media outlet inventory item including a reserved item of inventory;
creating, at the electronic hub, a perfected version of the station log based on the advertiser selection, the perfected version of the station log including the reserved item of inventory; transmitting, from the electronic hub to the distributed media outlet, information regarding the perfected version of the station log; receiving information associated with a broadcast version of the station log from the one or more of the plurality of distributed media outlets, via the communication network; verifying that the broadcast version of the station log matches the perfected version of the station log; and providing a result of the verifying to the advertiser, via the communication network. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the obtaining unperfected versions of station logs further comprises:
obtaining the unperfected station logs via an integrated services layer coupling the electronic hub to the distributed media outlets. 40. The method of claim 38, further comprising:
receiving from the advertiser, at the electronic hub via the communication network, preemption content, the preemption information including media content to replace media content included in a perfected log. 41. The method of claim 40, further comprising:
injecting the preemption content into a perfected log. 42. The method of claim 38, wherein the advertiser selection further indicates:
a selection of an unperfected version of a station log from each of the multiple different distributed media outlets; and a selection of at least one available spot from the unperfected version of the station log from each of the multiple different distributed media outlets. 43. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining, at the electronic hub, that the at least one media outlet inventory item includes fewer than all reserved inventory items associated with the unperfected version of the station log; and in response to the determining, transmitting an inventory cancellation notification from the electronic hub to the one or more of the plurality of media outlets. | A method can include receiving a plurality of unperfected logs via a network, storing the plurality of unperfected logs in a database based on the anticipated broadcast schedule, transmitting at least one unperfected log by the electronic hub, receiving an inquiry into one or more spots in the available inventory, transmitting data associated with the one or more spots the data to be displayed on a graphical user interface in response to the inquiry, receiving a selection of one or more spots in the available inventory in response, and requesting content related to the selected one or more spots. The method can include receiving and associating advertising content with the selection of the one or more spots, creating a perfected log based on the unperfected log and the received content, monitoring a broadcast of the media outlet, detecting a difference between the perfected log and the broadcast, and transmitting status information.1-23. (canceled) 24. A method for use in a media distribution system including an electronic hub and a plurality of media outlets, the method comprising:
receiving, at an electronic hub via a communication network, an advertiser selection from an advertiser, the advertiser selection indicating:
a selection of an unperfected version of a station log, the unperfected version of the station log associated with one or more of the plurality of media outlets;
a selection of at least one media outlet inventory item associated with the unperfected version of the station log;
creating, at the electronic hub, a perfected version of the station log based on the advertiser selection; receiving information associated with a transmitted version of the station log from the one or more of the plurality of media outlets, via the communication network; verifying that the transmitted version of the station log matches the perfected version of the station log; and providing a result of the verifying to the advertiser, via the communication network. 25. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
receiving, at the electronic hub via the communication network, unperfected station logs transmitted from the plurality of media outlets; receiving, at the electronic hub via the communication network, inventory information from the plurality of media outlets. 26. The method of claim 25, further comprising:
transmitting the unperfected station logs and the inventory information from the electronic hub to an advertiser via the communication network. 27. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
receiving from the advertiser, at the electronic hub via the communication network, preemption information. 28. The method of claim 27, further comprising:
injecting, at the hub, preemption content indicated by the preemption information. 29. The method of claim 24, wherein the advertiser selection further indicates:
a selection of an unperfected version of a station log from each of a plurality of different distributed media outlets; and a selection of at least one available spot from the unperfected version of the station log from each of a plurality of different distributed media outlets. 30. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
determining, at the electronic hub, that the at least one media outlet inventory item includes fewer than all reserved inventory items associated with the unperfected version of the station log; and in response to the determining, transmitting an inventory cancellation notification from the electronic hub to the one or more of the plurality of media outlets. 31. An apparatus comprising:
a processor; memory operably coupled to the processor; a program of instructions configured to be stored in the memory and executed by the processor, the program of instructions including: at least one instruction configured to receive, via a communication network, an advertiser selection from an advertiser, the advertiser selection indicating:
a selection of an unperfected version of a station log, the unperfected version of the station log associated with one or more of the plurality of media outlets;
a selection of at least one media outlet inventory item associated with the unperfected version of the station log;
at least one instruction configured to create a perfected version of the station log based on the advertiser selection; at least one instruction configured to receive information associated with a transmitted version of the station log from the one or more of the plurality of media outlets, via the communication network; at least one instruction configured to verify that the transmitted version of the station log matches the perfected version of the station log; and at least one instruction configured to provide a result of the verifying to the advertiser, via the communication network. 32. The apparatus of claim 31, further comprising:
at least one instruction configured to receive, via the communication network, unperfected station logs transmitted from the plurality of media outlets; at least one instruction configured to receive via the communication network, inventory information from the plurality of media outlets. 33. The apparatus of claim 32, further comprising:
at least one instruction configured to transmit the unperfected station logs and the inventory information from the electronic hub to an advertiser via the communication network. 34. The apparatus of claim 31, further comprising:
at least one instruction configured to receive from the advertiser, at the electronic hub via the communication network, preemption information. 35. The apparatus of claim 34, further comprising:
at least one instruction configured to inject preemption content indicated by the preemption information. 36. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the advertiser selection further indicates:
a selection of an unperfected version of a station log from each of a plurality of different distributed media outlets; and a selection of at least one available spot from the unperfected version of the station log from each of a plurality of different distributed media outlets. 37. The apparatus of claim 31, further comprising:
at least one instruction configured to determine that the at least one media outlet inventory item includes fewer than all reserved inventory items associated with the unperfected version of the station log; and at least one instruction configured to transmit an inventory cancellation notification to the one or more of the plurality of media outlets in response to a result of the at least one instruction configured to determine. 38. A method comprising:
obtaining unperfected versions of station logs from a plurality of distributed media outlets at an electronic hub coupled to the distributed media outlets via a communication network, each of the unperfected versions of station logs indicating advertising inventory available from the distributed media outlet from which the unperfected version of the station log is received; providing an advertiser with at least one unperfected version of a station log from each of multiple different distributed media outlets via the communication network; receiving, via the communication network, an advertiser selection from the advertiser, the advertiser selection indicating:
a selection of an unperfected version of a station log from at least one of the multiple different distributed media outlets;
a selection of at least one media outlet inventory item associated with the unperfected version of the station log indicated by the selection, the at least one media outlet inventory item including a reserved item of inventory;
creating, at the electronic hub, a perfected version of the station log based on the advertiser selection, the perfected version of the station log including the reserved item of inventory; transmitting, from the electronic hub to the distributed media outlet, information regarding the perfected version of the station log; receiving information associated with a broadcast version of the station log from the one or more of the plurality of distributed media outlets, via the communication network; verifying that the broadcast version of the station log matches the perfected version of the station log; and providing a result of the verifying to the advertiser, via the communication network. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the obtaining unperfected versions of station logs further comprises:
obtaining the unperfected station logs via an integrated services layer coupling the electronic hub to the distributed media outlets. 40. The method of claim 38, further comprising:
receiving from the advertiser, at the electronic hub via the communication network, preemption content, the preemption information including media content to replace media content included in a perfected log. 41. The method of claim 40, further comprising:
injecting the preemption content into a perfected log. 42. The method of claim 38, wherein the advertiser selection further indicates:
a selection of an unperfected version of a station log from each of the multiple different distributed media outlets; and a selection of at least one available spot from the unperfected version of the station log from each of the multiple different distributed media outlets. 43. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining, at the electronic hub, that the at least one media outlet inventory item includes fewer than all reserved inventory items associated with the unperfected version of the station log; and in response to the determining, transmitting an inventory cancellation notification from the electronic hub to the one or more of the plurality of media outlets. | 2,400 |
6,862 | 6,862 | 14,124,708 | 2,487 | Conventional intra-prediction uses pixels from left and upper neighbour blocks to predict a macroblock (MB). Thus, the MBs must be sequentially processed, since reconstructed left and upper MBs must be available for prediction. In an improved method for encoding Intra predicted MBs, a MB is encoded in two steps: first, a first portion of the MB is encoded independently, without references outside the MB. Pixels of the first portion can be Intra predicted using DC mode. Then, the first portion is reconstructed. The remaining pixels of the MB, being a second portion, are intra predicted from the reconstructed pixels of the first portion and then reconstructed. The first portion comprises at least one column or one row of pixels of the MB. The encoding is applied to at least two Intra predicted MBs per slice, or per picture if no slices are used. | 1. A method for encoding macroblocks of an image using intra prediction, comprising steps of
dividing a macroblock into two portions, wherein a first portion comprises at least one column or one row, and a second portion comprises remaining pixels of the macroblock; encoding pixels of the first portion of the macroblock without referencing pixels outside the first portion of the macroblock; and encoding pixels of the second portion of the macroblock using intra prediction, wherein the intra prediction references said pixels of the first portion of the macroblock or previously encoded pixels of the second portion of the macroblock. 2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the step of encoding pixels of the first portion of the macroblock without referencing pixels outside the first portion of the macroblock comprises steps of
encoding one or more first pixels of the first portion of the macroblock without reference; and encoding remaining second pixels of the first portion of the macroblock with referencing the first pixels. 3. Method according to claim 1, wherein pixels that are referenced are reconstructed pixels, further comprising a step of
reconstructing the first portion of the macroblock before said step of encoding pixels of the second portion of the macroblock. 4. Method according to claim 1, wherein for the encoding of pixels without referencing other pixels DC mode is used according to
pred=(1<<(BitDepthy−1))
wherein Bit Depthy is the bit depth of luma coefficients. 5. Method according to claim 1, wherein the first portion comprises one column and one row. 6. Method according claim 1, further comprising the step of encoding an indication that indicates a macroblock encoded according to the current encoding method. 7. Method according to claim 1, wherein the image comprises at least one slice, and wherein at least two intra-coded macroblocks per slice are encoded simultaneously. 8. A method for decoding macroblocks of an image using intra prediction, comprising steps of
determining an intra-coded macroblock in an encoded picture; decoding pixels of a first portion of the macroblock without referencing other pixels outside the first portion of the macroblock; and decoding pixels of a second portion of the macroblock using intra prediction, wherein the intra prediction references previously decoded pixels of the first portion of the macroblock or of the second portion of the macroblock. 9. Method for decoding according to claim 8, wherein the step of determining a macroblock comprises steps of decoding an indication that refers to a macroblock, evaluating the indication, and upon evaluating the indication, performing said steps of decoding pixels of the first portion of the macroblock and decoding pixels of the second portion of the macroblock. 10. Method according to claim 8, wherein the first portion comprises one column and one row of pixels. 11. Method according to claim 8, further comprising the step of encoding an indication that indicates a macroblock encoded according to the current encoding method. 12. Method according to claim 8, wherein the image comprises at least one slice, and wherein at least two intra-coded macroblocks per slice are decoded simultaneously. 13. An apparatus for encoding macroblocks of an image using intra prediction, comprising
dividing means for dividing a macroblock into two portions, wherein a first portion comprises at least one column or one row, and a second portion comprises remaining pixels of the macroblock; first encoding means for encoding pixels of the first portion of the macroblock without referencing pixels outside the first portion of the macroblock; and second encoding means for encoding pixels of the second portion of the macroblock using intra prediction, wherein the intra prediction references said pixels of the first portion of the macroblock or previously encoded pixels of the second portion of the macroblock. 14. Apparatus according to claim 13, wherein pixels that are referenced are reconstructed pixels, further comprising reconstruction means for reconstructing the pixels of the encoded first portion of the macroblock before said pixels are referenced in the second encoding means. 15. An apparatus for decoding macroblocks of an age using intra prediction, comprising
determining means for determining an intra-coded macroblock in an encoded picture; first decoding means for decoding pixels of a first portion of the macroblock without referencing other pixels outside the first portion of the macroblock; and second decoding means for decoding pixels of a second portion of the macroblock using intra prediction, wherein the intra prediction references previously decoded pixels of the first portion of the macroblock or of the second portion of the macroblock. 16. Method according to claim 2, wherein pixels that are referenced are reconstructed pixels, further comprising a step of
reconstructing the encoded one or more first pixels of the first portion of the macroblock before encoding said remaining second pixels of the first portion of the macroblock. | Conventional intra-prediction uses pixels from left and upper neighbour blocks to predict a macroblock (MB). Thus, the MBs must be sequentially processed, since reconstructed left and upper MBs must be available for prediction. In an improved method for encoding Intra predicted MBs, a MB is encoded in two steps: first, a first portion of the MB is encoded independently, without references outside the MB. Pixels of the first portion can be Intra predicted using DC mode. Then, the first portion is reconstructed. The remaining pixels of the MB, being a second portion, are intra predicted from the reconstructed pixels of the first portion and then reconstructed. The first portion comprises at least one column or one row of pixels of the MB. The encoding is applied to at least two Intra predicted MBs per slice, or per picture if no slices are used.1. A method for encoding macroblocks of an image using intra prediction, comprising steps of
dividing a macroblock into two portions, wherein a first portion comprises at least one column or one row, and a second portion comprises remaining pixels of the macroblock; encoding pixels of the first portion of the macroblock without referencing pixels outside the first portion of the macroblock; and encoding pixels of the second portion of the macroblock using intra prediction, wherein the intra prediction references said pixels of the first portion of the macroblock or previously encoded pixels of the second portion of the macroblock. 2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the step of encoding pixels of the first portion of the macroblock without referencing pixels outside the first portion of the macroblock comprises steps of
encoding one or more first pixels of the first portion of the macroblock without reference; and encoding remaining second pixels of the first portion of the macroblock with referencing the first pixels. 3. Method according to claim 1, wherein pixels that are referenced are reconstructed pixels, further comprising a step of
reconstructing the first portion of the macroblock before said step of encoding pixels of the second portion of the macroblock. 4. Method according to claim 1, wherein for the encoding of pixels without referencing other pixels DC mode is used according to
pred=(1<<(BitDepthy−1))
wherein Bit Depthy is the bit depth of luma coefficients. 5. Method according to claim 1, wherein the first portion comprises one column and one row. 6. Method according claim 1, further comprising the step of encoding an indication that indicates a macroblock encoded according to the current encoding method. 7. Method according to claim 1, wherein the image comprises at least one slice, and wherein at least two intra-coded macroblocks per slice are encoded simultaneously. 8. A method for decoding macroblocks of an image using intra prediction, comprising steps of
determining an intra-coded macroblock in an encoded picture; decoding pixels of a first portion of the macroblock without referencing other pixels outside the first portion of the macroblock; and decoding pixels of a second portion of the macroblock using intra prediction, wherein the intra prediction references previously decoded pixels of the first portion of the macroblock or of the second portion of the macroblock. 9. Method for decoding according to claim 8, wherein the step of determining a macroblock comprises steps of decoding an indication that refers to a macroblock, evaluating the indication, and upon evaluating the indication, performing said steps of decoding pixels of the first portion of the macroblock and decoding pixels of the second portion of the macroblock. 10. Method according to claim 8, wherein the first portion comprises one column and one row of pixels. 11. Method according to claim 8, further comprising the step of encoding an indication that indicates a macroblock encoded according to the current encoding method. 12. Method according to claim 8, wherein the image comprises at least one slice, and wherein at least two intra-coded macroblocks per slice are decoded simultaneously. 13. An apparatus for encoding macroblocks of an image using intra prediction, comprising
dividing means for dividing a macroblock into two portions, wherein a first portion comprises at least one column or one row, and a second portion comprises remaining pixels of the macroblock; first encoding means for encoding pixels of the first portion of the macroblock without referencing pixels outside the first portion of the macroblock; and second encoding means for encoding pixels of the second portion of the macroblock using intra prediction, wherein the intra prediction references said pixels of the first portion of the macroblock or previously encoded pixels of the second portion of the macroblock. 14. Apparatus according to claim 13, wherein pixels that are referenced are reconstructed pixels, further comprising reconstruction means for reconstructing the pixels of the encoded first portion of the macroblock before said pixels are referenced in the second encoding means. 15. An apparatus for decoding macroblocks of an age using intra prediction, comprising
determining means for determining an intra-coded macroblock in an encoded picture; first decoding means for decoding pixels of a first portion of the macroblock without referencing other pixels outside the first portion of the macroblock; and second decoding means for decoding pixels of a second portion of the macroblock using intra prediction, wherein the intra prediction references previously decoded pixels of the first portion of the macroblock or of the second portion of the macroblock. 16. Method according to claim 2, wherein pixels that are referenced are reconstructed pixels, further comprising a step of
reconstructing the encoded one or more first pixels of the first portion of the macroblock before encoding said remaining second pixels of the first portion of the macroblock. | 2,400 |
6,863 | 6,863 | 14,503,601 | 2,413 | System, method and apparatus implementing a smart splitter for use within a DOCSIS/MoCA enabled coaxial distribution system, the splitter for coupling radiofrequency (RF) signal between an input connection and a plurality of output connections, wherein each output connection is associated with a respective outlet, the splitter including a management module, configured to receive identifying data associated with at least one outlet or customer device connected thereto. | 1. Apparatus, comprising:
a splitter, for coupling radiofrequency (RF) signal between an input connection and a plurality of output connections, wherein each output connection is associated with a respective outlet; and a management module, configured to receive identifying data associated with at least one outlet or customer device connected thereto. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said management module is further configured to store said identifying data in a tangible and non-transitory memory. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said management module is further configured to interact with a service access device to receive said identifying data. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said identifying data is associated with at least one logical pair comprising an outlet and a customer device connected thereto. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said identifying data comprises one or more of a name, a premises location and an identifier associated with an outlet. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said identifying data comprises one or more of a manufacturer name, a model number, a serial number, a Media Access Control (MAC) address and a device capability indicator associated with a customer device connected to an outlet. 7. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein said identifying data comprises for each outlet/device logical pair, a respective one or more of a name, a premises location and an identifier associated with an outlet, and a respective one or more of a manufacturer name, a model number, a serial number, a Media Access Control (MAC) address and a device capability indicator associated with a customer device connected to the outlet. 8. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein said service access device comprises a portable diagnostic device configured to support service personnel at a customer location. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein said service access device communicates with said management module via a local link supported by any of a local telephone connection, local network connection and local wireless access point (WAP). 10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein said service access device communicates with said management module via a remote link supported by wireless communication network. 11. A method, comprising:
at a service access device, generating identifying data associated with at least one outlet or customer device connected thereto; and at said service access device, forwarding said identifying data toward a radiofrequency (RF) signal splitter including at least one splitter output connection in communication with a corresponding outlet or customer device connected thereto, said identifying data configured to be stored in a tangible and non-transitory memory at the signal splitter. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein said identifying data is associated with at least one logical pair comprising an outlet and a customer device connected thereto. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein said identifying data comprises one or more of a name, a premises location and an identifier associated with an outlet. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein said identifying data comprises one or more of a manufacturer name, a model number, a serial number, a Media Access Control (MAC) address and a device capability indicator associated with a customer device connected to an outlet. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein said identifying data comprises for each outlet/device logical pair, a respective one or more of a name, a premises location and an identifier associated with an outlet, and a respective one or more of a manufacturer name, a model number, a serial number, a Media Access Control (MAC) address and a device capability indicator associated with a customer device connected to the outlet. 16. The method of claim 12, further comprising generating a premises topology map using identifying data associated with each of a plurality of identified outlet/device pairs at a customer premises. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising generating a neighborhood topology map using respective premises topology maps of each of the customer premises in a neighborhood. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising generating a system topology map using respective neighborhood topology maps of each of the neighborhoods in a system. 19. An apparatus including a processor and memory, where the processor is configured to:
generate identifying data associated with at least one outlet or customer device connected thereto; and forward said identifying data toward a radiofrequency (RF) signal splitter including at least one splitter output connection in communication with a corresponding outlet or customer device connected thereto, said identifying data configured to be stored in a tangible and non-transitory memory at the signal splitter. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein said apparatus comprises a portable diagnostic device configured to support service personnel at a customer location and to communicate with said signal splitter via one of a local link supported by any of a local telephone connection, local network connection and local wireless access point (WAP), and a remote link supported by wireless communication network. | System, method and apparatus implementing a smart splitter for use within a DOCSIS/MoCA enabled coaxial distribution system, the splitter for coupling radiofrequency (RF) signal between an input connection and a plurality of output connections, wherein each output connection is associated with a respective outlet, the splitter including a management module, configured to receive identifying data associated with at least one outlet or customer device connected thereto.1. Apparatus, comprising:
a splitter, for coupling radiofrequency (RF) signal between an input connection and a plurality of output connections, wherein each output connection is associated with a respective outlet; and a management module, configured to receive identifying data associated with at least one outlet or customer device connected thereto. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said management module is further configured to store said identifying data in a tangible and non-transitory memory. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said management module is further configured to interact with a service access device to receive said identifying data. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said identifying data is associated with at least one logical pair comprising an outlet and a customer device connected thereto. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said identifying data comprises one or more of a name, a premises location and an identifier associated with an outlet. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said identifying data comprises one or more of a manufacturer name, a model number, a serial number, a Media Access Control (MAC) address and a device capability indicator associated with a customer device connected to an outlet. 7. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein said identifying data comprises for each outlet/device logical pair, a respective one or more of a name, a premises location and an identifier associated with an outlet, and a respective one or more of a manufacturer name, a model number, a serial number, a Media Access Control (MAC) address and a device capability indicator associated with a customer device connected to the outlet. 8. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein said service access device comprises a portable diagnostic device configured to support service personnel at a customer location. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein said service access device communicates with said management module via a local link supported by any of a local telephone connection, local network connection and local wireless access point (WAP). 10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein said service access device communicates with said management module via a remote link supported by wireless communication network. 11. A method, comprising:
at a service access device, generating identifying data associated with at least one outlet or customer device connected thereto; and at said service access device, forwarding said identifying data toward a radiofrequency (RF) signal splitter including at least one splitter output connection in communication with a corresponding outlet or customer device connected thereto, said identifying data configured to be stored in a tangible and non-transitory memory at the signal splitter. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein said identifying data is associated with at least one logical pair comprising an outlet and a customer device connected thereto. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein said identifying data comprises one or more of a name, a premises location and an identifier associated with an outlet. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein said identifying data comprises one or more of a manufacturer name, a model number, a serial number, a Media Access Control (MAC) address and a device capability indicator associated with a customer device connected to an outlet. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein said identifying data comprises for each outlet/device logical pair, a respective one or more of a name, a premises location and an identifier associated with an outlet, and a respective one or more of a manufacturer name, a model number, a serial number, a Media Access Control (MAC) address and a device capability indicator associated with a customer device connected to the outlet. 16. The method of claim 12, further comprising generating a premises topology map using identifying data associated with each of a plurality of identified outlet/device pairs at a customer premises. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising generating a neighborhood topology map using respective premises topology maps of each of the customer premises in a neighborhood. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising generating a system topology map using respective neighborhood topology maps of each of the neighborhoods in a system. 19. An apparatus including a processor and memory, where the processor is configured to:
generate identifying data associated with at least one outlet or customer device connected thereto; and forward said identifying data toward a radiofrequency (RF) signal splitter including at least one splitter output connection in communication with a corresponding outlet or customer device connected thereto, said identifying data configured to be stored in a tangible and non-transitory memory at the signal splitter. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein said apparatus comprises a portable diagnostic device configured to support service personnel at a customer location and to communicate with said signal splitter via one of a local link supported by any of a local telephone connection, local network connection and local wireless access point (WAP), and a remote link supported by wireless communication network. | 2,400 |
6,864 | 6,864 | 13,844,523 | 2,412 | A method of prioritizing estimated fault locations within a network includes monitoring multiple different performance parameters for unacceptable threshold levels via communications with a set of terminal network elements and separately analyzing the different performance parameters to identify potential network fault locations on the network. Accordingly, a plurality of priority rankings of potential network fault locations can be generated, one for each performance parameter monitored, and then combined to generate an overall priority ranking of potential fault locations including at least a highest priority inspection point estimated as being a most likely source of a fault on the network. | 1. A method of prioritizing estimated fault locations within a network, comprising the steps of:
monitoring a plurality of different performance parameters for unacceptable threshold levels via communications with a set of terminal network elements on the network; separately analyzing each one of the plurality of different performance parameters identifying unacceptable threshold levels to identify potential network fault locations on the network; generating a plurality of priority rankings of potential network fault locations including a most likely estimated fault location, each of the plurality of priority rankings being determined from a different one of the plurality of different performance parameters identifying unacceptable threshold levels; and combining information of each of the plurality of priority rankings to generate an overall priority ranking of potential fault locations including at least a highest priority inspection point estimated as being a most likely source of a fault on the network. 2. A method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of assigning scores of pre-determined values to at least the most likely estimated fault location and a second most likely estimated fault location for each of the plurality of priority rankings. 3. A method according to claim 2, wherein said combining step includes a step of totaling the scores attributed to each corresponding potential network fault location across the plurality of priority rankings to generate the overall priority ranking. 4. A method according to claim 3, wherein, for different potential network fault locations having an equal score as determined during said totaling step, a potential network fault location that is most upstream on a network path relative to a node component is assigned a higher ranking than other potential network fault locations having the equal score. 5. A method according to claim 1, further comprising a step of automatically generating a list of network components that require inspection and that includes the at least highest priority inspection point estimated as being the most likely source of the fault on the network. 6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the set of terminal network elements includes terminal network elements sharing at least one of the potential network fault locations in common. 7. A method according to claim 4, wherein the set of terminal network elements are connected to a headend of the network via a common node of the network via paths arranged in a tree and branch network structure. 8. A method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of receiving information electronically of a physical topology of the network. 9. A method according to claim 8, wherein said receiving step including data pulls of information concerning network components and geographic locations of the network components and terminal network elements and geographic locations of the terminal network elements. 10. A method according to claim 9, further comprising the step of automatically and electronically populating a geographically-accurate map with a geographic location of a network component determined to be the most likely source of the fault, a geographic location of each the terminal network elements impacted by the network fault, and a diagnostic alarm identifying the network fault. 11. A method according to claim 10, further comprising the step of displaying the map with geospatial software. 12. A method according to claim 9, wherein the network components are selected from a group consisting of drop cables, taps, trunk cables, amplifiers, splitters, and node components. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the network is a cable network interconnecting the terminal network elements which include cable modems to a headend of the network having a cable modem termination system (CMTS), and wherein the communications include upstream communications in a direction from the terminal network elements to the headend. 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of different performance parameters monitored includes at least one of downstream or upstream signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), absolute and delta downstream power (DS Power) level, absolute and delta upstream power (US Power) level, upstream echo (US Echo) level, downstream micro-reflection (DS Micro) level, upstream filter coefficient ratio, carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR), and modulation error ratio (MER). 15. A signal processing electronic device for prioritizing estimated fault locations within a network, comprising at least one processing unit configured to:
monitor a plurality of different performance parameters for unacceptable threshold levels via communications with a set of terminal network elements on the network; separately analyze each one of the plurality of different performance parameters identifying unacceptable threshold levels to identify potential network fault locations on the network; generate a plurality of priority rankings of potential network fault locations including a most likely estimated fault location, each of the plurality of priority rankings being determined from a different one of the plurality of different performance parameters identifying unacceptable threshold levels; and combine information of each of the plurality of priority rankings to generate an overall priority ranking of potential fault locations including at least a highest priority inspection point estimated as being a most likely source of a fault on the network. 16. A signal processing electronic device according to claim 15, wherein the at least one processing unit being configured to assign scores of pre-determined values to at least the most likely estimated fault location and a second most likely estimated fault location for each of the plurality of priority rankings and being configured to total the scores attributed to each corresponding potential network fault location across the plurality of priority rankings to generate the overall priority ranking. 17. A signal processing electronic device according to claim 15, wherein the at least one processing unit being configured to automatically generate a list of network components that require inspection and that includes the at least highest priority inspection point estimated as being the most likely source of the fault on the network. 18. A signal processing electronic device according to claim 15, wherein the at least one processing unit being configured to populate a geographically-accurate map with a geographic location of a network component determined to be the most likely source of the fault, a geographic location of each the terminal network elements impacted by the network fault, and a diagnostic alarm identifying the network fault. 19. A signal processing electronic device according to claim 15, wherein the at least one processing unit being configured to monitor performance parameters including at least one of downstream or upstream signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), absolute and delta downstream power (DS Power) level, absolute and delta upstream power (US Power) level, upstream echo (US Echo) level, downstream micro-reflection (DS Micro) level, upstream filter coefficient ratio, carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR), and modulation error ratio (MER). 20. At least one non-transitory computer readable storage medium having computer program instructions stored thereon that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the following operations:
monitor a plurality of different performance parameters for unacceptable threshold levels via communications with a set of terminal network elements on a network; separately analyze each one of the plurality of different performance parameters identifying unacceptable threshold levels to identify potential network fault locations on the network; generate a plurality of priority rankings of potential network fault locations including a most likely estimated fault location, each of the plurality of priority rankings being determined from a different one of the plurality of different performance parameters identifying unacceptable threshold levels; and combine information of each of the plurality of priority rankings to generate an overall priority ranking of potential fault locations including at least a highest priority inspection point estimated as being a most likely source of a fault on the network. | A method of prioritizing estimated fault locations within a network includes monitoring multiple different performance parameters for unacceptable threshold levels via communications with a set of terminal network elements and separately analyzing the different performance parameters to identify potential network fault locations on the network. Accordingly, a plurality of priority rankings of potential network fault locations can be generated, one for each performance parameter monitored, and then combined to generate an overall priority ranking of potential fault locations including at least a highest priority inspection point estimated as being a most likely source of a fault on the network.1. A method of prioritizing estimated fault locations within a network, comprising the steps of:
monitoring a plurality of different performance parameters for unacceptable threshold levels via communications with a set of terminal network elements on the network; separately analyzing each one of the plurality of different performance parameters identifying unacceptable threshold levels to identify potential network fault locations on the network; generating a plurality of priority rankings of potential network fault locations including a most likely estimated fault location, each of the plurality of priority rankings being determined from a different one of the plurality of different performance parameters identifying unacceptable threshold levels; and combining information of each of the plurality of priority rankings to generate an overall priority ranking of potential fault locations including at least a highest priority inspection point estimated as being a most likely source of a fault on the network. 2. A method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of assigning scores of pre-determined values to at least the most likely estimated fault location and a second most likely estimated fault location for each of the plurality of priority rankings. 3. A method according to claim 2, wherein said combining step includes a step of totaling the scores attributed to each corresponding potential network fault location across the plurality of priority rankings to generate the overall priority ranking. 4. A method according to claim 3, wherein, for different potential network fault locations having an equal score as determined during said totaling step, a potential network fault location that is most upstream on a network path relative to a node component is assigned a higher ranking than other potential network fault locations having the equal score. 5. A method according to claim 1, further comprising a step of automatically generating a list of network components that require inspection and that includes the at least highest priority inspection point estimated as being the most likely source of the fault on the network. 6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the set of terminal network elements includes terminal network elements sharing at least one of the potential network fault locations in common. 7. A method according to claim 4, wherein the set of terminal network elements are connected to a headend of the network via a common node of the network via paths arranged in a tree and branch network structure. 8. A method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of receiving information electronically of a physical topology of the network. 9. A method according to claim 8, wherein said receiving step including data pulls of information concerning network components and geographic locations of the network components and terminal network elements and geographic locations of the terminal network elements. 10. A method according to claim 9, further comprising the step of automatically and electronically populating a geographically-accurate map with a geographic location of a network component determined to be the most likely source of the fault, a geographic location of each the terminal network elements impacted by the network fault, and a diagnostic alarm identifying the network fault. 11. A method according to claim 10, further comprising the step of displaying the map with geospatial software. 12. A method according to claim 9, wherein the network components are selected from a group consisting of drop cables, taps, trunk cables, amplifiers, splitters, and node components. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the network is a cable network interconnecting the terminal network elements which include cable modems to a headend of the network having a cable modem termination system (CMTS), and wherein the communications include upstream communications in a direction from the terminal network elements to the headend. 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of different performance parameters monitored includes at least one of downstream or upstream signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), absolute and delta downstream power (DS Power) level, absolute and delta upstream power (US Power) level, upstream echo (US Echo) level, downstream micro-reflection (DS Micro) level, upstream filter coefficient ratio, carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR), and modulation error ratio (MER). 15. A signal processing electronic device for prioritizing estimated fault locations within a network, comprising at least one processing unit configured to:
monitor a plurality of different performance parameters for unacceptable threshold levels via communications with a set of terminal network elements on the network; separately analyze each one of the plurality of different performance parameters identifying unacceptable threshold levels to identify potential network fault locations on the network; generate a plurality of priority rankings of potential network fault locations including a most likely estimated fault location, each of the plurality of priority rankings being determined from a different one of the plurality of different performance parameters identifying unacceptable threshold levels; and combine information of each of the plurality of priority rankings to generate an overall priority ranking of potential fault locations including at least a highest priority inspection point estimated as being a most likely source of a fault on the network. 16. A signal processing electronic device according to claim 15, wherein the at least one processing unit being configured to assign scores of pre-determined values to at least the most likely estimated fault location and a second most likely estimated fault location for each of the plurality of priority rankings and being configured to total the scores attributed to each corresponding potential network fault location across the plurality of priority rankings to generate the overall priority ranking. 17. A signal processing electronic device according to claim 15, wherein the at least one processing unit being configured to automatically generate a list of network components that require inspection and that includes the at least highest priority inspection point estimated as being the most likely source of the fault on the network. 18. A signal processing electronic device according to claim 15, wherein the at least one processing unit being configured to populate a geographically-accurate map with a geographic location of a network component determined to be the most likely source of the fault, a geographic location of each the terminal network elements impacted by the network fault, and a diagnostic alarm identifying the network fault. 19. A signal processing electronic device according to claim 15, wherein the at least one processing unit being configured to monitor performance parameters including at least one of downstream or upstream signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), absolute and delta downstream power (DS Power) level, absolute and delta upstream power (US Power) level, upstream echo (US Echo) level, downstream micro-reflection (DS Micro) level, upstream filter coefficient ratio, carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR), and modulation error ratio (MER). 20. At least one non-transitory computer readable storage medium having computer program instructions stored thereon that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the following operations:
monitor a plurality of different performance parameters for unacceptable threshold levels via communications with a set of terminal network elements on a network; separately analyze each one of the plurality of different performance parameters identifying unacceptable threshold levels to identify potential network fault locations on the network; generate a plurality of priority rankings of potential network fault locations including a most likely estimated fault location, each of the plurality of priority rankings being determined from a different one of the plurality of different performance parameters identifying unacceptable threshold levels; and combine information of each of the plurality of priority rankings to generate an overall priority ranking of potential fault locations including at least a highest priority inspection point estimated as being a most likely source of a fault on the network. | 2,400 |
6,865 | 6,865 | 14,898,163 | 2,466 | There is provided cluster head selection in a communications network. A respective beacon signal is by a wireless device received from each one of at least one further wireless device. Each beacon signal comprises a cluster head capability metric. Each of the received cluster head capability metrics is compared to at least one qualifying criterion. One of the at least one further wireless devices is selected as the cluster head of the wireless device based on the comparison. | 1-25. (canceled) 26. A method for cluster head selection in a communications network, the method comprising a wireless device:
receiving a respective beacon signal from each one of at least one further wireless device, each beacon signal comprising a cluster head capability metric; comparing each of the received cluster head capability metrics to at least one qualifying criterion; and selecting one of the at least one further wireless devices as the cluster head of the wireless device based on the comparison. 27. The method of claim 26:
further comprising determining a list of candidate cluster heads based on received cluster head capability metrics; further comprising ranking candidate cluster heads in the list based on fulfilled qualifying criteria for each received cluster head capability metrics; and wherein the selecting comprises selecting the cluster head from the list based on the ranking. 28. The method of claim 26, further comprising:
comparing all received cluster head capability metrics to a minimum value; and wherein the selecting comprises selecting as the cluster head one of the wireless devices having a cluster head capability metrics above the minimum value. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the wireless device is associated with a cluster head capability metric of its own, the method further comprising:
comparing all received cluster head capability metrics above the minimum value to the own cluster head capability metric; and wherein the selecting comprises selecting as the cluster head one of the wireless devices having a cluster head capability metrics above the own cluster head capability metric. 30. The method of claim 26:
wherein the cluster head capability metric comprises parameters having an order of priority; and wherein cluster head is selected based on the order of priority of the parameters. 31. The method of claim 26, wherein the cluster head capability metric represents at least one of:
a number of wireless devices currently having selected the wireless device as their cluster head; a network coverage parameter of the wireless device; capability of the wireless device serving as a cluster head; identity of the current cluster head of wireless device; and a random number. 32. The method of claim 26, wherein the selecting a cluster head is triggered by at least one of:
the wireless device receiving a communications request to another wireless device; the wireless device receiving a paging signal from another wireless device; the wireless device receiving user input; and power up signaling of the wireless device. 33. The method of claim 26, wherein the wireless device is associated with a cluster head capability metric of its own, the method further comprising:
adjusting its own cluster head capability metric based on the received beacon signal; and transmitting a beacon signal comprising the adjusted cluster head capability metric. 34. The method of claim 33, further comprising the wireless device adjusting its own cluster head capability metric based on the selected cluster head. 35. The method of claim 35, further comprising:
receiving at least one reference signal (RS); and establishing synchronization with other wireless devices based on the received RS. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the RS is part of the received beacon signal. 37. The method of claim 26, wherein the beacon signal further comprises an identity of the wireless device transmitting the beacon signal. 38. The method of claim 26, wherein the beacon signal is transmitted at regular intervals. 39. The method of claim 26, wherein the beacon signal is transmitted in response to a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) from the wireless device to its current cluster head being below a predetermined threshold value. 40. The method of claim 26, further comprising establishing a peer connection to the selected cluster head. 41. A wireless device for cluster head selection in a communications network, the wireless device comprising:
a receiver configured to receive a respective beacon signal from each one of at least one further wireless device, each beacon signal comprising a cluster head capability metric; a processing circuit configured to:
compare each of the received cluster head capability metrics to at least one qualifying criterion; and
select one of the at least one further wireless devices as the cluster head of the wireless device based on the comparison. 42. The wireless device of claim 41, wherein the processing circuit is configured to:
determine a list of candidate cluster heads based on received cluster head capability metrics; rank candidate cluster heads in the list based on fulfilled qualifying criteria for each received cluster head capability metrics; and select the cluster head from the list based on the ranking. 43. The wireless device of claim 41, wherein the processing circuit is configured to:
compare all received cluster head capability metrics to a minimum value; and select as the cluster head one of the wireless devices having a cluster head capability metrics above the minimum value. 44. The wireless device of claim 43:
wherein the wireless device is associated with a cluster head capability metric of its own; wherein the processing circuit is configured to:
compare all received cluster head capability metrics above the minimum value to the own cluster head capability metric; and
select as the cluster head one of the wireless devices having a cluster head capability metrics above the own cluster head capability metric. 45. The wireless device of claim 41:
wherein the wireless device is associated with a cluster head capability metric of its own; wherein the processing circuit is configured to adjust its own cluster head capability metric based on the received beacon signal; and wherein the wireless device further comprises a transmitter configured to transmit a beacon signal comprising the adjusted cluster head capability metric. 46. The wireless device of claim 45, wherein the processing circuit is configured to adjust its own cluster head capability metric based on the selected cluster head. 47. The wireless device of claim 41:
wherein the receiver is configured to receive at least one reference signal (RS); and wherein the processing circuit is configured to establish synchronization with other wireless devices based on the received RS. 48. The wireless device of claim 41, wherein the processing circuit is configured to establish a peer connection to the selected cluster head. 49. A computer program product stored in a non-transitory computer readable medium for controlling cluster head selection in a communications network, the computer program product comprising software instructions which, when run on a processing circuit of a wireless device, causes the wireless device to:
receive a respective beacon signal from each one of at least one further wireless device, each beacon signal comprising a cluster head capability metric; compare each of the received cluster head capability metrics to at least one qualifying criterion; and select one of the at least one further wireless devices as the cluster head of the wireless device based on the comparison. | There is provided cluster head selection in a communications network. A respective beacon signal is by a wireless device received from each one of at least one further wireless device. Each beacon signal comprises a cluster head capability metric. Each of the received cluster head capability metrics is compared to at least one qualifying criterion. One of the at least one further wireless devices is selected as the cluster head of the wireless device based on the comparison.1-25. (canceled) 26. A method for cluster head selection in a communications network, the method comprising a wireless device:
receiving a respective beacon signal from each one of at least one further wireless device, each beacon signal comprising a cluster head capability metric; comparing each of the received cluster head capability metrics to at least one qualifying criterion; and selecting one of the at least one further wireless devices as the cluster head of the wireless device based on the comparison. 27. The method of claim 26:
further comprising determining a list of candidate cluster heads based on received cluster head capability metrics; further comprising ranking candidate cluster heads in the list based on fulfilled qualifying criteria for each received cluster head capability metrics; and wherein the selecting comprises selecting the cluster head from the list based on the ranking. 28. The method of claim 26, further comprising:
comparing all received cluster head capability metrics to a minimum value; and wherein the selecting comprises selecting as the cluster head one of the wireless devices having a cluster head capability metrics above the minimum value. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the wireless device is associated with a cluster head capability metric of its own, the method further comprising:
comparing all received cluster head capability metrics above the minimum value to the own cluster head capability metric; and wherein the selecting comprises selecting as the cluster head one of the wireless devices having a cluster head capability metrics above the own cluster head capability metric. 30. The method of claim 26:
wherein the cluster head capability metric comprises parameters having an order of priority; and wherein cluster head is selected based on the order of priority of the parameters. 31. The method of claim 26, wherein the cluster head capability metric represents at least one of:
a number of wireless devices currently having selected the wireless device as their cluster head; a network coverage parameter of the wireless device; capability of the wireless device serving as a cluster head; identity of the current cluster head of wireless device; and a random number. 32. The method of claim 26, wherein the selecting a cluster head is triggered by at least one of:
the wireless device receiving a communications request to another wireless device; the wireless device receiving a paging signal from another wireless device; the wireless device receiving user input; and power up signaling of the wireless device. 33. The method of claim 26, wherein the wireless device is associated with a cluster head capability metric of its own, the method further comprising:
adjusting its own cluster head capability metric based on the received beacon signal; and transmitting a beacon signal comprising the adjusted cluster head capability metric. 34. The method of claim 33, further comprising the wireless device adjusting its own cluster head capability metric based on the selected cluster head. 35. The method of claim 35, further comprising:
receiving at least one reference signal (RS); and establishing synchronization with other wireless devices based on the received RS. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the RS is part of the received beacon signal. 37. The method of claim 26, wherein the beacon signal further comprises an identity of the wireless device transmitting the beacon signal. 38. The method of claim 26, wherein the beacon signal is transmitted at regular intervals. 39. The method of claim 26, wherein the beacon signal is transmitted in response to a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) from the wireless device to its current cluster head being below a predetermined threshold value. 40. The method of claim 26, further comprising establishing a peer connection to the selected cluster head. 41. A wireless device for cluster head selection in a communications network, the wireless device comprising:
a receiver configured to receive a respective beacon signal from each one of at least one further wireless device, each beacon signal comprising a cluster head capability metric; a processing circuit configured to:
compare each of the received cluster head capability metrics to at least one qualifying criterion; and
select one of the at least one further wireless devices as the cluster head of the wireless device based on the comparison. 42. The wireless device of claim 41, wherein the processing circuit is configured to:
determine a list of candidate cluster heads based on received cluster head capability metrics; rank candidate cluster heads in the list based on fulfilled qualifying criteria for each received cluster head capability metrics; and select the cluster head from the list based on the ranking. 43. The wireless device of claim 41, wherein the processing circuit is configured to:
compare all received cluster head capability metrics to a minimum value; and select as the cluster head one of the wireless devices having a cluster head capability metrics above the minimum value. 44. The wireless device of claim 43:
wherein the wireless device is associated with a cluster head capability metric of its own; wherein the processing circuit is configured to:
compare all received cluster head capability metrics above the minimum value to the own cluster head capability metric; and
select as the cluster head one of the wireless devices having a cluster head capability metrics above the own cluster head capability metric. 45. The wireless device of claim 41:
wherein the wireless device is associated with a cluster head capability metric of its own; wherein the processing circuit is configured to adjust its own cluster head capability metric based on the received beacon signal; and wherein the wireless device further comprises a transmitter configured to transmit a beacon signal comprising the adjusted cluster head capability metric. 46. The wireless device of claim 45, wherein the processing circuit is configured to adjust its own cluster head capability metric based on the selected cluster head. 47. The wireless device of claim 41:
wherein the receiver is configured to receive at least one reference signal (RS); and wherein the processing circuit is configured to establish synchronization with other wireless devices based on the received RS. 48. The wireless device of claim 41, wherein the processing circuit is configured to establish a peer connection to the selected cluster head. 49. A computer program product stored in a non-transitory computer readable medium for controlling cluster head selection in a communications network, the computer program product comprising software instructions which, when run on a processing circuit of a wireless device, causes the wireless device to:
receive a respective beacon signal from each one of at least one further wireless device, each beacon signal comprising a cluster head capability metric; compare each of the received cluster head capability metrics to at least one qualifying criterion; and select one of the at least one further wireless devices as the cluster head of the wireless device based on the comparison. | 2,400 |
6,866 | 6,866 | 14,558,429 | 2,423 | A method and apparatus for providing subscription-on-demand (SOD) services for a interactive information distribution system, where a consumer may subscribe to packages of on-demand programs for a single price and view the programs in the subscribed package at any time for no additional cost. The apparatus and method are embodied in a combination of software, which provides a so called navigator, and hardware, including a subscriber terminal that provides certain functionality for the navigator and service provider equipment that supports the functionality of the terminal. As such, graphical user interface functionality is distributed between the service provider equipment and subscriber equipment (subscriber terminal). Such distribution provides an enjoyable, real time interactive process for accessing SOD services that allows the subscriber to rapidly identify and access a subscription service. In addition, a non-subscriber of a particular service is quickly identified and provided the opportunity to, through the use of a graphical user interface, subscribe to the programming provided by the system. | 1. In an interactive information distribution system containing service provider equipment and subscriber equipment that is interconnected by a communications network, a method of providing a subscription-on-demand service for an interactive information distribution system comprising the steps of:
sending from said service provider equipment to said subscriber equipment a first menu applet; decoding and executing said first menu applet within said subscriber equipment to display a first interactive graphical user interface; selecting, through manipulation of the first interactive graphical user interface, a subscription option; sending a selection signal indicative of said selected subscription option from said subscriber equipment to said service provider equipment; determining, within said service provider equipment, if the subscriber is a current subscriber to said service identified by said selection signal; if the subscriber is said current subscriber, sending a second menu applet from said subscriber equipment to said service provider equipment; decoding and executing said second menu applet within said subscriber equipment to display a second interactive user interface through which the subscriber can select a subscription program for viewing; if said subscriber is not said current subscriber, sending a third menu applet from said subscriber equipment to said service provider equipment; and decoding and executing said third menu applet within said subscriber equipment to display a third interactive user interface through which the subscriber can become a subscriber to the selected service. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein second menu applet is connected to other menu applets that provide interactive displays of categories of services, titles of programs available in each category, and program pricing for each tile. 3. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of:
if a new subscription is created, updating a subscription database within said service provider equipment to identify the subscriber as a subscriber to the selected service. 4. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of:
if a subscriber requests a new subscription, sending a fourth menu applet from said service provider equipment and decoding and executing said fourth menu applet within said subscriber equipment to display a menu that requests a personal identification number for said subscriber. 5. The method of claim 4 wherein said personal identification number is a master personal identification number. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the subscriber selects programming for a personal subscription-on-demand service and a personal subscription-on-demand option is included in said display produced from said first menu applet. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein said subscription-on-demand services are arranged in a hierarchical structure. | A method and apparatus for providing subscription-on-demand (SOD) services for a interactive information distribution system, where a consumer may subscribe to packages of on-demand programs for a single price and view the programs in the subscribed package at any time for no additional cost. The apparatus and method are embodied in a combination of software, which provides a so called navigator, and hardware, including a subscriber terminal that provides certain functionality for the navigator and service provider equipment that supports the functionality of the terminal. As such, graphical user interface functionality is distributed between the service provider equipment and subscriber equipment (subscriber terminal). Such distribution provides an enjoyable, real time interactive process for accessing SOD services that allows the subscriber to rapidly identify and access a subscription service. In addition, a non-subscriber of a particular service is quickly identified and provided the opportunity to, through the use of a graphical user interface, subscribe to the programming provided by the system.1. In an interactive information distribution system containing service provider equipment and subscriber equipment that is interconnected by a communications network, a method of providing a subscription-on-demand service for an interactive information distribution system comprising the steps of:
sending from said service provider equipment to said subscriber equipment a first menu applet; decoding and executing said first menu applet within said subscriber equipment to display a first interactive graphical user interface; selecting, through manipulation of the first interactive graphical user interface, a subscription option; sending a selection signal indicative of said selected subscription option from said subscriber equipment to said service provider equipment; determining, within said service provider equipment, if the subscriber is a current subscriber to said service identified by said selection signal; if the subscriber is said current subscriber, sending a second menu applet from said subscriber equipment to said service provider equipment; decoding and executing said second menu applet within said subscriber equipment to display a second interactive user interface through which the subscriber can select a subscription program for viewing; if said subscriber is not said current subscriber, sending a third menu applet from said subscriber equipment to said service provider equipment; and decoding and executing said third menu applet within said subscriber equipment to display a third interactive user interface through which the subscriber can become a subscriber to the selected service. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein second menu applet is connected to other menu applets that provide interactive displays of categories of services, titles of programs available in each category, and program pricing for each tile. 3. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of:
if a new subscription is created, updating a subscription database within said service provider equipment to identify the subscriber as a subscriber to the selected service. 4. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of:
if a subscriber requests a new subscription, sending a fourth menu applet from said service provider equipment and decoding and executing said fourth menu applet within said subscriber equipment to display a menu that requests a personal identification number for said subscriber. 5. The method of claim 4 wherein said personal identification number is a master personal identification number. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the subscriber selects programming for a personal subscription-on-demand service and a personal subscription-on-demand option is included in said display produced from said first menu applet. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein said subscription-on-demand services are arranged in a hierarchical structure. | 2,400 |
6,867 | 6,867 | 13,996,641 | 2,482 | The present invention relates to a video encoding device ( 10, 10′, 10″ ) and method for encoding video data and to a corresponding video decoding device ( 60, 60′ ) and method. To preserve PPG relevant information after encoding without requiring a large amount of additional data for the video encoder output stream, the proposed video encoding device comprises a selection unit ( 20, 20′ ) for selecting a region of interest ( 101 ) in input video data ( 100 ) providing a strong PPG signal, a first encoding unit ( 30,30′ ) for encoding said selected region of interest ( 101 ) of said input video data ( 100 ) according to a predetermined encoding scheme with a first setting of the encoding to preserve PPG-relevant information in the encoded region of interest, a second encoding unit ( 40, 40′ ) for encoding remaining parts ( 103 ) of said input video data ( 100 ) according to said predetermined encoding scheme with a second setting of the encoding, and an encoder combination unit ( 50 ) for combining the encoded region of interest ( 102 ) and the encoded remaining parts ( 104 ) of said input video data into an encoder output video stream ( 105 ). | 1. Video encoding device for encoding input video data, the video encoding device comprising:
a selection unit for selecting in the input video data one or more regions of interest that can be used to provide a strong PPG signal, a first encoding unit for encoding said one or more regions of interest of said input video data according to a predetermined encoding scheme with a first setting of the encoding to preserve PPG-relevant information in the encoded one or more regions of interest, a second encoding unit for encoding remaining parts of said input video data according to said predetermined encoding scheme with a second setting of the encoding, and an encoder combination unit for combining the encoded one or more regions of interest and the encoded remaining parts of said input video data into an encoder output video stream. 2. Video encoding device as claimed in claim 1,
wherein said selection unit comprises an area selection unit for selecting one or more areas, in particular skin areas, in the input video data as one or more regions of interest, wherein said video data comprises a sequence of video frames, said frames being divided into spatial blocks, and a block selection unit for determining the spatial blocks for said selected one or more areas, which determined spatial blocks represent the one or more regions of interest. 3. Video encoding device as claimed in claim 2,
wherein said area selection unit comprises a detection unit for detecting a set of potentially usable areas, in particular skin areas, in the input video data that could be used as region of interest, and an analysis unit for analyzing said set of detected potentially usable areas and selecting one or more areas as one or more regions of interest based on one or more predetermined selection criteria. 4. Video encoding device as claimed in claim 3,
wherein said analysis unit is adapted for using as selection criteria the spatial size, temporal stability, illumination stability and/or color stability. 5. Video encoding device as claimed in claim 3,
wherein said analysis unit comprises a PPG extraction unit for extracting a PPG signal from said detected potentially usable areas and for selecting one or more areas as one or more regions of interest based on the quality and/or content of the extracted PPG signals. 6. Video encoding device as claimed in claim 5,
wherein said PPG extraction unit is adapted for determining one or more parameters of the first settings for the encoding for use by the first encoding unit for encoding said one or more regions of interest based on the extracted PPG signals, and wherein said first encoding unit is adapted for using said one or more parameters of the first setting for the encoding of said one or more regions of interest. 7. Video encoding device as claimed in claim 1,
wherein said first encoding unit is adapted for encoding at least the chrominance components, in particular only the chrominance components, of said one or more regions of interest and wherein said second encoding unit is adapted for encoding the luminance components of said one or more regions of interest and for encoding the chrominance components and the luminance components of the remaining parts of said input video data. 8. Video encoding device as claimed in claim 1,
wherein said first encoding unit is adapted for encoding said one or more regions of interest by intra-block coding and wherein said second encoding unit is adapted for encoding remaining parts of said input video data by inter-block coding and/or intra-block coding. 9. Video encoding device as claimed in claim 1,
wherein said first encoding unit is adapted for encoding only DC components of inter- or intra-blocks of at least the chrominance components, in particular only the chrominance components, of said one or more regions of interest. 10. Video encoding method for encoding input video data, the video encoding method comprising the steps of:
selecting in input video data one or more regions of interest that can be used to provide a strong PPG signal, encoding said one or more regions of interest of said input video data according to a predetermined encoding scheme with a first setting of the encoding to preserve PPG-relevant information in the encoded one or more regions of interest, encoding remaining parts of said input video data according to said predetermined encoding scheme with a second setting of the encoding, and combining the encoded one or more regions of interest and the encoded remaining parts of said input video data into an encoder output video stream. 11. Video decoding device as claimed in claimed 1 for decoding an encoded video stream, said encoded video stream comprising encoded video data, wherein one or more regions of interest of input video data have been encoded according to a predetermined encoding scheme with a first setting of the encoding to preserve PPG-relevant information in the encoded one or more regions of interest, and remaining parts of said input video data have been encoded according to said predetermined encoding scheme with a second setting of the encoding, said video decoding device comprising:
a first decoding unit for decoding the encoded one or more regions of interest according a decoding scheme complementary to the encoding scheme that has been used for encoding said one or more regions of interest, and
a PPG extraction unit for extracting a PPG signal from said one or more decoded regions of interest. 12. Video decoding device as claimed in claim 11, further comprising
a second decoding unit for decoding the encoded remaining parts of said input video data according said decoding scheme and a decoder combination unit for combining the decoded one or more regions of interest and the decoded remaining parts into a decoder output video stream. 13. Video decoding method for decoding an encoded video stream, said encoded video stream comprising encoded video data, wherein one or more regions of interest of input video data have been encoded according to a predetermined encoding scheme with a first setting of the encoding to preserve PPG-relevant information in the encoded one or more regions of interest and remaining parts of said input video data have been encoded according to said predetermined encoding scheme with a second setting of the encoding, said video decoding method comprising the steps of:
decoding the one or more encoded regions of interest according a decoding scheme complementary to the encoding scheme that has been used for encoding said one or more regions of interest, and extracting a PPG signal from said one or more decoded regions of interest. 14. Video coding system for encoding and decoding video data, comprising:
a video encoding device for encoding input video data, and a video decoding device for decoding encoded video data encoded by said video encoding device. 15. Computer program comprising program code means for causing a computer to carry out the steps of the method as claimed in claim 10 when said computer program is carried out on the computer. | The present invention relates to a video encoding device ( 10, 10′, 10″ ) and method for encoding video data and to a corresponding video decoding device ( 60, 60′ ) and method. To preserve PPG relevant information after encoding without requiring a large amount of additional data for the video encoder output stream, the proposed video encoding device comprises a selection unit ( 20, 20′ ) for selecting a region of interest ( 101 ) in input video data ( 100 ) providing a strong PPG signal, a first encoding unit ( 30,30′ ) for encoding said selected region of interest ( 101 ) of said input video data ( 100 ) according to a predetermined encoding scheme with a first setting of the encoding to preserve PPG-relevant information in the encoded region of interest, a second encoding unit ( 40, 40′ ) for encoding remaining parts ( 103 ) of said input video data ( 100 ) according to said predetermined encoding scheme with a second setting of the encoding, and an encoder combination unit ( 50 ) for combining the encoded region of interest ( 102 ) and the encoded remaining parts ( 104 ) of said input video data into an encoder output video stream ( 105 ).1. Video encoding device for encoding input video data, the video encoding device comprising:
a selection unit for selecting in the input video data one or more regions of interest that can be used to provide a strong PPG signal, a first encoding unit for encoding said one or more regions of interest of said input video data according to a predetermined encoding scheme with a first setting of the encoding to preserve PPG-relevant information in the encoded one or more regions of interest, a second encoding unit for encoding remaining parts of said input video data according to said predetermined encoding scheme with a second setting of the encoding, and an encoder combination unit for combining the encoded one or more regions of interest and the encoded remaining parts of said input video data into an encoder output video stream. 2. Video encoding device as claimed in claim 1,
wherein said selection unit comprises an area selection unit for selecting one or more areas, in particular skin areas, in the input video data as one or more regions of interest, wherein said video data comprises a sequence of video frames, said frames being divided into spatial blocks, and a block selection unit for determining the spatial blocks for said selected one or more areas, which determined spatial blocks represent the one or more regions of interest. 3. Video encoding device as claimed in claim 2,
wherein said area selection unit comprises a detection unit for detecting a set of potentially usable areas, in particular skin areas, in the input video data that could be used as region of interest, and an analysis unit for analyzing said set of detected potentially usable areas and selecting one or more areas as one or more regions of interest based on one or more predetermined selection criteria. 4. Video encoding device as claimed in claim 3,
wherein said analysis unit is adapted for using as selection criteria the spatial size, temporal stability, illumination stability and/or color stability. 5. Video encoding device as claimed in claim 3,
wherein said analysis unit comprises a PPG extraction unit for extracting a PPG signal from said detected potentially usable areas and for selecting one or more areas as one or more regions of interest based on the quality and/or content of the extracted PPG signals. 6. Video encoding device as claimed in claim 5,
wherein said PPG extraction unit is adapted for determining one or more parameters of the first settings for the encoding for use by the first encoding unit for encoding said one or more regions of interest based on the extracted PPG signals, and wherein said first encoding unit is adapted for using said one or more parameters of the first setting for the encoding of said one or more regions of interest. 7. Video encoding device as claimed in claim 1,
wherein said first encoding unit is adapted for encoding at least the chrominance components, in particular only the chrominance components, of said one or more regions of interest and wherein said second encoding unit is adapted for encoding the luminance components of said one or more regions of interest and for encoding the chrominance components and the luminance components of the remaining parts of said input video data. 8. Video encoding device as claimed in claim 1,
wherein said first encoding unit is adapted for encoding said one or more regions of interest by intra-block coding and wherein said second encoding unit is adapted for encoding remaining parts of said input video data by inter-block coding and/or intra-block coding. 9. Video encoding device as claimed in claim 1,
wherein said first encoding unit is adapted for encoding only DC components of inter- or intra-blocks of at least the chrominance components, in particular only the chrominance components, of said one or more regions of interest. 10. Video encoding method for encoding input video data, the video encoding method comprising the steps of:
selecting in input video data one or more regions of interest that can be used to provide a strong PPG signal, encoding said one or more regions of interest of said input video data according to a predetermined encoding scheme with a first setting of the encoding to preserve PPG-relevant information in the encoded one or more regions of interest, encoding remaining parts of said input video data according to said predetermined encoding scheme with a second setting of the encoding, and combining the encoded one or more regions of interest and the encoded remaining parts of said input video data into an encoder output video stream. 11. Video decoding device as claimed in claimed 1 for decoding an encoded video stream, said encoded video stream comprising encoded video data, wherein one or more regions of interest of input video data have been encoded according to a predetermined encoding scheme with a first setting of the encoding to preserve PPG-relevant information in the encoded one or more regions of interest, and remaining parts of said input video data have been encoded according to said predetermined encoding scheme with a second setting of the encoding, said video decoding device comprising:
a first decoding unit for decoding the encoded one or more regions of interest according a decoding scheme complementary to the encoding scheme that has been used for encoding said one or more regions of interest, and
a PPG extraction unit for extracting a PPG signal from said one or more decoded regions of interest. 12. Video decoding device as claimed in claim 11, further comprising
a second decoding unit for decoding the encoded remaining parts of said input video data according said decoding scheme and a decoder combination unit for combining the decoded one or more regions of interest and the decoded remaining parts into a decoder output video stream. 13. Video decoding method for decoding an encoded video stream, said encoded video stream comprising encoded video data, wherein one or more regions of interest of input video data have been encoded according to a predetermined encoding scheme with a first setting of the encoding to preserve PPG-relevant information in the encoded one or more regions of interest and remaining parts of said input video data have been encoded according to said predetermined encoding scheme with a second setting of the encoding, said video decoding method comprising the steps of:
decoding the one or more encoded regions of interest according a decoding scheme complementary to the encoding scheme that has been used for encoding said one or more regions of interest, and extracting a PPG signal from said one or more decoded regions of interest. 14. Video coding system for encoding and decoding video data, comprising:
a video encoding device for encoding input video data, and a video decoding device for decoding encoded video data encoded by said video encoding device. 15. Computer program comprising program code means for causing a computer to carry out the steps of the method as claimed in claim 10 when said computer program is carried out on the computer. | 2,400 |
6,868 | 6,868 | 14,675,320 | 2,426 | A method and system for viewing a stage performance captured by a video camera with encoder for streaming wherein a live stream of images received from the camera over the Internet or by other means is manipulated using a touchplate to permit the viewer of the performance on a remote display screen for example to pan across the image or zoom in or out on particular aspects of the images being displayed so that only a portion of the image stream received is displayed on the display screen. | 1. A method for viewing an event captured from a single perspective at a wide angle by one or more cameras which comprises receiving a stream of images captured by said cameras by a receiver comprising a display screen, said receiver being connected to a separate touchplate, said touchplate is adapted to control which parts of said images are displayed on the display screen. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said connection between the touchplate and the display screen is digital. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said touchplate enables zooming and panning features. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the touchplate receives no data. 5. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the touchplate communicates with the display screen wirelessly. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the display screen is incorporated in a smart TV, tablet or personal computer. 7. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein a second receiver connects to and views the stream. 8. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the touchplate initiates a configuration procedure with the viewing system to enable tethering of an image modifier module, an image receiver interface and receiver/touchplate network interface: to interact with the incoming stream to manipulate the image displayed. 9. A system for viewing an event captured from a single perspective at a wide angle by one or more cameras which comprises receiving a stream of images captured by said camera, which system comprises a receiver comprising a display screen, said receiver being connected to a touchplate adapted to control which parts of said images are displayed on the display screen. 10. A system as claimed in claim 9 wherein the stream received derives from more than one camera to produce a display having three dimensional appearance. 11. The system as claimed in claim 9 wherein said connection between the touchplate and the display screen is digital. 12. The system as claimed in claim 9 wherein said touchplate enables zooming and panning features. 13. The system as claimed in claim 9 wherein the touchplate is not enabled to receive data. 14. The method as claimed in claim 9 wherein the touchplate communicates with the display screen wirelessly. 15. The method as claimed in claim 9 wherein the display screen is incorporated in a smart TV, tablet or personal computer. 16. The system as claimed in claim 9 wherein the system enables a second receiver connects to and views the stream. 17. The system as claimed in claim 9 wherein the touchplate initiates a configuration procedure with the viewing system to enable tethering of an image modifier module, an image receiver interface and a receiver/touchplate network interface to enable interaction with the incoming data stream to manipulate the image displayed on the display screen. 18. A touchplate for use in the system of claim 9 which comprises a touchscreen responsive to commands given by movement of a finger or device on its surface and software programmed to transmit commands to a receiver/touchplate network interface to manipulate a streaming data feed feeding a stream of images to remote display screen. | A method and system for viewing a stage performance captured by a video camera with encoder for streaming wherein a live stream of images received from the camera over the Internet or by other means is manipulated using a touchplate to permit the viewer of the performance on a remote display screen for example to pan across the image or zoom in or out on particular aspects of the images being displayed so that only a portion of the image stream received is displayed on the display screen.1. A method for viewing an event captured from a single perspective at a wide angle by one or more cameras which comprises receiving a stream of images captured by said cameras by a receiver comprising a display screen, said receiver being connected to a separate touchplate, said touchplate is adapted to control which parts of said images are displayed on the display screen. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said connection between the touchplate and the display screen is digital. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said touchplate enables zooming and panning features. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the touchplate receives no data. 5. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the touchplate communicates with the display screen wirelessly. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the display screen is incorporated in a smart TV, tablet or personal computer. 7. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein a second receiver connects to and views the stream. 8. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the touchplate initiates a configuration procedure with the viewing system to enable tethering of an image modifier module, an image receiver interface and receiver/touchplate network interface: to interact with the incoming stream to manipulate the image displayed. 9. A system for viewing an event captured from a single perspective at a wide angle by one or more cameras which comprises receiving a stream of images captured by said camera, which system comprises a receiver comprising a display screen, said receiver being connected to a touchplate adapted to control which parts of said images are displayed on the display screen. 10. A system as claimed in claim 9 wherein the stream received derives from more than one camera to produce a display having three dimensional appearance. 11. The system as claimed in claim 9 wherein said connection between the touchplate and the display screen is digital. 12. The system as claimed in claim 9 wherein said touchplate enables zooming and panning features. 13. The system as claimed in claim 9 wherein the touchplate is not enabled to receive data. 14. The method as claimed in claim 9 wherein the touchplate communicates with the display screen wirelessly. 15. The method as claimed in claim 9 wherein the display screen is incorporated in a smart TV, tablet or personal computer. 16. The system as claimed in claim 9 wherein the system enables a second receiver connects to and views the stream. 17. The system as claimed in claim 9 wherein the touchplate initiates a configuration procedure with the viewing system to enable tethering of an image modifier module, an image receiver interface and a receiver/touchplate network interface to enable interaction with the incoming data stream to manipulate the image displayed on the display screen. 18. A touchplate for use in the system of claim 9 which comprises a touchscreen responsive to commands given by movement of a finger or device on its surface and software programmed to transmit commands to a receiver/touchplate network interface to manipulate a streaming data feed feeding a stream of images to remote display screen. | 2,400 |
6,869 | 6,869 | 13,437,431 | 2,423 | The present invention provides a cabin management system for an aircraft or spacecraft, comprising: at least one first terminal, which acts as an interface for one or more passengers; at least one second terminal, which performs safety-related functions; and at least one means set up to provide and/or receive video data to/from the first terminal and safety-related data to/from the second terminal. | 1. A cabin management system for an aircraft or spacecraft, comprising:
at least one first terminal, which acts as an interface for one or more passengers; at least one second terminal, which performs safety-related functions; at least one means set up to provide video data to the first terminal and safety-related data to the second terminal or to receive video data from the first terminal and safety-related data from the second terminal, wherein the means is in the form of a backbone data line, which is set up to transmit the safety-related data and the video data. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the first and second terminal are the same or different terminals. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the backbone data line is set up to transmit the safety-related data and the video data at a data rate of preferably between 100 megabits per second and 1 gigabit per second. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the first or second terminal comprises a screen. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the screen comprises a touchscreen. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the first and second terminal comprises a screen. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the screen comprises a touchscreen. 8. The system of claim 4, wherein passenger electronics are provided and are connected to the screen and the backbone data line as regards data, a video controller being integrated into the passenger electronics and being set up to provide the video data to the screen for display on said screen and/or for controlling said screen. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the passenger electronics are connected to the second terminal as regards data, the passenger electronics being set up to provide the safety-related data to the second terminal for display on said screen or for controlling said screen. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the passenger electronics are connected to the second terminal as regards data, the passenger electronics being set up to provide the safety-related data to the second terminal for display on said screen and for controlling said screen. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the passenger electronics are set up to transmit user inputs from the first and/or the second terminal to the backbone data line. 12. The system of claim 1, further comprising a store for storing the video data. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the store is a component of an integrated preset announcement module or is provided in addition thereto. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the store is a component of an integrated preset announcement module and is provided in addition thereto. 15. The system of claim 12, wherein the means comprise a control device, which controls the data flow on the backbone data line, and the store is in the form of an internal store of this control device. 16. The system of claim 12, further comprising a data interface, which is set up to transmit video data to the store. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the data interface comprises a USB port. 18. The system of claim 16, wherein the means comprise at least one flight attendant panel, which is set up to control the first and second terminal, the flight attendant panel comprising the data interface. 19. The system of claim 1, wherein the second terminal is at least in the form of one of the following: a cabin illumination, a cabin announcement device, a cockpit announcement device, a door lock display, an emergency signal display, a no-smoking display, a seatbelt display, a smoke alarm display, cabin temperature control means, a water tank monitoring device, a waste tank monitoring device. 20. A cabin management system for an aircraft or spacecraft, comprising:
at least one first terminal, which acts as an interface for one or more passengers; at least one second terminal, which performs safety-related functions; at least one means set up to provide video data to the first terminal and safety-related data to the second terminal and to receive video data from the first terminal and safety-related data from the second terminal, wherein the means is in the form of a backbone data line, which is set up to transmit the safety-related data and the video data. 21. Aircraft or spacecraft comprising a cabin management system for an aircraft or spacecraft, comprising:
at least one first terminal, which acts as an interface for one or more passengers; at least one second terminal, which performs safety-related functions; at least one means set up to provide video data to the first terminal and safety-related data to the second terminal or to receive video data from the first terminal and safety-related data from the second terminal, wherein the means is in the form of a backbone data line, which is set up to transmit the safety-related data and the video data. 22. Method for operating a cabin management system comprising the following steps:
providing video data to a first terminal via at least one means; and providing safety-related data to a second terminal via the same means; or receiving video data from a first terminal via at least one means; and receiving safety-related data from a second terminal via the same means, wherein the means is in the form of a backbone data line, which is set up to transmit the safety-related data and the video data. 23. Method for operating a cabin management system comprising the following steps:
providing video data to a first terminal via at least one means; and providing safety-related data to a second terminal via the same means; and receiving video data from a first terminal via at least one means; and receiving safety-related data from a second terminal via the same means, wherein the means is in the form of a backbone data line, which is set up to transmit the safety-related data and the video data. | The present invention provides a cabin management system for an aircraft or spacecraft, comprising: at least one first terminal, which acts as an interface for one or more passengers; at least one second terminal, which performs safety-related functions; and at least one means set up to provide and/or receive video data to/from the first terminal and safety-related data to/from the second terminal.1. A cabin management system for an aircraft or spacecraft, comprising:
at least one first terminal, which acts as an interface for one or more passengers; at least one second terminal, which performs safety-related functions; at least one means set up to provide video data to the first terminal and safety-related data to the second terminal or to receive video data from the first terminal and safety-related data from the second terminal, wherein the means is in the form of a backbone data line, which is set up to transmit the safety-related data and the video data. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the first and second terminal are the same or different terminals. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the backbone data line is set up to transmit the safety-related data and the video data at a data rate of preferably between 100 megabits per second and 1 gigabit per second. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the first or second terminal comprises a screen. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the screen comprises a touchscreen. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the first and second terminal comprises a screen. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the screen comprises a touchscreen. 8. The system of claim 4, wherein passenger electronics are provided and are connected to the screen and the backbone data line as regards data, a video controller being integrated into the passenger electronics and being set up to provide the video data to the screen for display on said screen and/or for controlling said screen. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the passenger electronics are connected to the second terminal as regards data, the passenger electronics being set up to provide the safety-related data to the second terminal for display on said screen or for controlling said screen. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the passenger electronics are connected to the second terminal as regards data, the passenger electronics being set up to provide the safety-related data to the second terminal for display on said screen and for controlling said screen. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the passenger electronics are set up to transmit user inputs from the first and/or the second terminal to the backbone data line. 12. The system of claim 1, further comprising a store for storing the video data. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the store is a component of an integrated preset announcement module or is provided in addition thereto. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the store is a component of an integrated preset announcement module and is provided in addition thereto. 15. The system of claim 12, wherein the means comprise a control device, which controls the data flow on the backbone data line, and the store is in the form of an internal store of this control device. 16. The system of claim 12, further comprising a data interface, which is set up to transmit video data to the store. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the data interface comprises a USB port. 18. The system of claim 16, wherein the means comprise at least one flight attendant panel, which is set up to control the first and second terminal, the flight attendant panel comprising the data interface. 19. The system of claim 1, wherein the second terminal is at least in the form of one of the following: a cabin illumination, a cabin announcement device, a cockpit announcement device, a door lock display, an emergency signal display, a no-smoking display, a seatbelt display, a smoke alarm display, cabin temperature control means, a water tank monitoring device, a waste tank monitoring device. 20. A cabin management system for an aircraft or spacecraft, comprising:
at least one first terminal, which acts as an interface for one or more passengers; at least one second terminal, which performs safety-related functions; at least one means set up to provide video data to the first terminal and safety-related data to the second terminal and to receive video data from the first terminal and safety-related data from the second terminal, wherein the means is in the form of a backbone data line, which is set up to transmit the safety-related data and the video data. 21. Aircraft or spacecraft comprising a cabin management system for an aircraft or spacecraft, comprising:
at least one first terminal, which acts as an interface for one or more passengers; at least one second terminal, which performs safety-related functions; at least one means set up to provide video data to the first terminal and safety-related data to the second terminal or to receive video data from the first terminal and safety-related data from the second terminal, wherein the means is in the form of a backbone data line, which is set up to transmit the safety-related data and the video data. 22. Method for operating a cabin management system comprising the following steps:
providing video data to a first terminal via at least one means; and providing safety-related data to a second terminal via the same means; or receiving video data from a first terminal via at least one means; and receiving safety-related data from a second terminal via the same means, wherein the means is in the form of a backbone data line, which is set up to transmit the safety-related data and the video data. 23. Method for operating a cabin management system comprising the following steps:
providing video data to a first terminal via at least one means; and providing safety-related data to a second terminal via the same means; and receiving video data from a first terminal via at least one means; and receiving safety-related data from a second terminal via the same means, wherein the means is in the form of a backbone data line, which is set up to transmit the safety-related data and the video data. | 2,400 |
6,870 | 6,870 | 14,265,454 | 2,486 | A device ( 100 ) includes an infrared light source ( 114 ), an imaging sensor ( 212 ), and an electrochromic filter ( 214 ) overlying the imaging sensor. The electrochromic filter is configurable between at least a first filter state and a second filter state, whereby the second filter state has a higher infrared light transmittance than the first filter state. The device further includes a controller ( 314 ) to reconfigure the electrochromic filter from the first filter state to the second filter state responsive to a user authentication event. The device further may include a processing component ( 302 ) to trigger the infrared light source to emit infrared light and to process an infrared light image captured by the imaging sensor, the infrared light image including a reflection of the emitted infrared light. The processing component may process the infrared light image by performing a user recognition process using the infrared light image. | 1. A device comprising:
an infrared light source; an imaging sensor; an electrochromic filter overlying the imaging sensor, the electrochromic filter configurable between at least a first filter state and a second filter state, the second filter state having a higher infrared light transmittance than the first filter state; and a controller to reconfigure the electrochromic filter from the first filter state to the second filter state responsive to a user authentication event. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the user authentication event includes a user attempt to access functionality of the device. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the user authentication event includes a user attempt to access secured information. 4. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
a processing component to process a visible light image captured by the imaging sensor while the electrochromic filter is in the first filter state. 5. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
a processing component to trigger the infrared light source to emit infrared light and to process an infrared light image captured by the imaging sensor, the infrared light image including a reflection of the emitted infrared light. 6. The device of claim 5, wherein the processing component is to process the infrared light image by performing a user recognition process using the infrared light image. 7. The device of claim 5, wherein the processing component further is to transmit the infrared light image to a remote device for user recognition processing. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the electrochromic filter includes a bi-stable nanocrystal film. 9. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
at least one sensor; and a processing component to verify the user authentication event responsive to feedback from the at least one sensor confirming a presence of a user. 10. A method comprising:
in response to a user authentication event at a device:
reconfiguring an electrochromic filter overlying an imaging sensor of the device from an infrared blocking state to an infrared transmitting state;
triggering an infrared light source of the device to emit infrared light;
capturing an image at the imaging sensor through the electrochromic filter while the electrochromic filter is in the infrared transmitting state; and
performing a user recognition process using the image. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
detecting the user authentication event in response to at least one of: an attempt to access functionality of the device; an attempt to access secured information at the device; and an attempt to access, via the device, secured information at a remote device. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the user authentication event includes at least one of: an attempt to unlock access to the device; and an attempt to unlock access to a software application of the device. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the user authentication event includes an attempt to conduct an electronic commerce transaction via the device. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein:
reconfiguring the electrochromic filter from the infrared blocking state to the infrared transmitting state includes reconfiguring a voltage signal supplied to the electrochromic filter from a first voltage level to a second voltage level. 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
configuring a default state of the device to include setting the electrochromic filter to the infrared blocking state. 16. A method comprising:
in a first mode of a device:
configuring an electrochromic filter of the device positioned over an imaging sensor of the device to an infrared blocking state; and
capturing a visible light image via the imaging sensor; and
in a second mode of the device:
configuring the electrochromic filter to an infrared transmitting state; and
capturing an infrared light image via the imaging sensor; and
switching the device from the first mode to the second mode responsive to a user authentication event. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
performing a user recognition process using the infrared light image. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the user recognition process includes an iris recognition process. 19. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
displaying the visible light image at a display component of the device. 20. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
detecting the user authentication event as at least one of: an attempt to access functionality of the device; an attempt to access local secured information at the device; and an attempt to access remote secured information via the device. | A device ( 100 ) includes an infrared light source ( 114 ), an imaging sensor ( 212 ), and an electrochromic filter ( 214 ) overlying the imaging sensor. The electrochromic filter is configurable between at least a first filter state and a second filter state, whereby the second filter state has a higher infrared light transmittance than the first filter state. The device further includes a controller ( 314 ) to reconfigure the electrochromic filter from the first filter state to the second filter state responsive to a user authentication event. The device further may include a processing component ( 302 ) to trigger the infrared light source to emit infrared light and to process an infrared light image captured by the imaging sensor, the infrared light image including a reflection of the emitted infrared light. The processing component may process the infrared light image by performing a user recognition process using the infrared light image.1. A device comprising:
an infrared light source; an imaging sensor; an electrochromic filter overlying the imaging sensor, the electrochromic filter configurable between at least a first filter state and a second filter state, the second filter state having a higher infrared light transmittance than the first filter state; and a controller to reconfigure the electrochromic filter from the first filter state to the second filter state responsive to a user authentication event. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the user authentication event includes a user attempt to access functionality of the device. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the user authentication event includes a user attempt to access secured information. 4. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
a processing component to process a visible light image captured by the imaging sensor while the electrochromic filter is in the first filter state. 5. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
a processing component to trigger the infrared light source to emit infrared light and to process an infrared light image captured by the imaging sensor, the infrared light image including a reflection of the emitted infrared light. 6. The device of claim 5, wherein the processing component is to process the infrared light image by performing a user recognition process using the infrared light image. 7. The device of claim 5, wherein the processing component further is to transmit the infrared light image to a remote device for user recognition processing. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the electrochromic filter includes a bi-stable nanocrystal film. 9. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
at least one sensor; and a processing component to verify the user authentication event responsive to feedback from the at least one sensor confirming a presence of a user. 10. A method comprising:
in response to a user authentication event at a device:
reconfiguring an electrochromic filter overlying an imaging sensor of the device from an infrared blocking state to an infrared transmitting state;
triggering an infrared light source of the device to emit infrared light;
capturing an image at the imaging sensor through the electrochromic filter while the electrochromic filter is in the infrared transmitting state; and
performing a user recognition process using the image. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
detecting the user authentication event in response to at least one of: an attempt to access functionality of the device; an attempt to access secured information at the device; and an attempt to access, via the device, secured information at a remote device. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the user authentication event includes at least one of: an attempt to unlock access to the device; and an attempt to unlock access to a software application of the device. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the user authentication event includes an attempt to conduct an electronic commerce transaction via the device. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein:
reconfiguring the electrochromic filter from the infrared blocking state to the infrared transmitting state includes reconfiguring a voltage signal supplied to the electrochromic filter from a first voltage level to a second voltage level. 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
configuring a default state of the device to include setting the electrochromic filter to the infrared blocking state. 16. A method comprising:
in a first mode of a device:
configuring an electrochromic filter of the device positioned over an imaging sensor of the device to an infrared blocking state; and
capturing a visible light image via the imaging sensor; and
in a second mode of the device:
configuring the electrochromic filter to an infrared transmitting state; and
capturing an infrared light image via the imaging sensor; and
switching the device from the first mode to the second mode responsive to a user authentication event. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
performing a user recognition process using the infrared light image. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the user recognition process includes an iris recognition process. 19. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
displaying the visible light image at a display component of the device. 20. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
detecting the user authentication event as at least one of: an attempt to access functionality of the device; an attempt to access local secured information at the device; and an attempt to access remote secured information via the device. | 2,400 |
6,871 | 6,871 | 13,330,682 | 2,456 | Systems and methods according to various embodiments disclose a worker process manager adapted to spawn one or more worker processes on a server and to load an application on each of the worker processes. The worker process manager is adapted to isolate the one or more worker processes from each other and to control resource usage by the worker processes. A resource manager is adapted to detect applications that overuse system resources. The worker process manager is adapted to isolate worker processes and to control resource usage using one or more of the following techniques: least-privilege execution, messaging isolation, credentials isolation, data isolation, network isolation, fair share resource usage, and managed runtime security. Heuristic algorithms are used to detect applications that frequently overuse system resources that are unchargeable and that cause system unresponsiveness. | 1. A server, comprising:
a worker process manager adapted to spawn one or more worker processes on the server and to load an application on each of the worker processes; the worker process manager further adapted to isolate the one or more worker processes from each other and to control resource usage by the worker processes; and a resource manager adapted to detect applications that overuse system resources. 2. The server of claim 1, wherein the worker process manager is adapted to isolate worker processes and to control resource usage using one or more of the following techniques: least-privilege execution, messaging isolation, credentials isolation, data isolation, network isolation, fair share resource usage, and managed runtime security. 3. The server of claim 1, wherein the resource manager is adapted to detect applications that overuse system resources using a heuristic algorithm that comprises identifying suspect applications that were running when a host server becomes unresponsive, assigning a point to each of the suspect applications, distributing the suspect applications to other host servers, and monitoring points accumulated by the suspect applications to identify a suspect application having a greatest number of points. 4. The server of claim 2, wherein the worker process manager uses at least a least-privilege execution technique that comprises spawning a worker process using a process token that has minimal system privileges and security group memberships. 5. The server of claim 2, wherein the worker process manager uses at least a messaging isolation technique that comprises isolating each worker process in its own Window station and desktop object. 6. The server of claim 2, wherein the worker process manager uses at least a credentials isolation technique that comprises using access control lists to secure certificates and private keys for use only by authorized applications. 7. The server of claim 2, wherein the worker process manager uses at least a data isolation technique that comprises using access control lists to limit each application to using only its own data folder. 8. The server of claim 2, wherein the worker process manager uses at least a network isolation technique that comprises reserving http and https endpoints for each application and using access control lists to limit each application to using only its own reserved endpoints. 9. The server of claim 2, wherein the worker process manager uses at least a fair share resource usage technique that comprises sending warning notifications to applications that exceeds a first resource usage level and terminates applications that exceed a second resource usage level. 10. The server of claim 2, wherein the worker process manager uses at least a fair share resource usage technique that comprises throttling CPU usage by adjusting each application's priority level depending upon the application's historical CPU usage. 11. The server of claim 2, wherein the worker process manager uses at least a fair share resource usage technique that comprises throttling network usage using a quality of service (QoS) policy to control each application's access to destination port ranges assigned to the application. 12. The server of claim 2, wherein the worker process manager uses at least a managed runtime security technique that comprises restricting application access to predetermined allowed API calls and runtime libraries. 13. A method, comprising:
spawning one or more worker processes via a worker process manager; assigning an application to each of the one or more worker processes by the worker process manager; isolating each of the one or more worker processes from each other by the worker process manager; and detecting applications that overuse system resources using a resource manager. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the worker process manager isolates the one or more worker processes and controls resource usage using one or more of the following techniques: least-privilege execution, messaging isolation, credentials isolation, data isolation, network isolation, fair share resource usage, and managed runtime security. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the worker process manager isolates the one or more worker processes and controls resource usage using the following techniques: least-privilege execution, messaging isolation, credentials isolation, data isolation, network isolation, fair share resource usage, and managed runtime security. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein detecting applications that overuse system resources further comprises:
determining when a server becomes unresponsive; identifying all suspect applications running on the server when the server becomes unresponsive; assigning a point to each suspect application; redistributing the suspect applications to different servers; and identifying a suspect application with the highest point total. 17. A computer program product for implementing a method for sandboxing applications on a multi-tenant server, the computer program product comprising one or more computer-readable storage media having stored thereon computer-executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a computing system (600), cause the computing system to perform the method comprising:
spawning one or more worker processes via a worker process manager; assigning an application to each of the one or more worker processes by the worker process manager; isolating each of the one or more worker processes from each other by the worker process manager; and detecting applications that overuse system resources using a resource manager. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein the worker process manager isolates the one or more worker processes and controls resource usage using one or more of the following techniques: least-privilege execution, messaging isolation, credentials isolation, data isolation, network isolation, fair share resource usage, and managed runtime security. 19. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein the worker process manager isolates the one or more worker processes and controls resource usage using the following techniques: least-privilege execution, messaging isolation, credentials isolation, data isolation, network isolation, fair share resource usage, and managed runtime security. 20. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein detecting applications that overuse system resources further comprises:
determining when a server becomes unresponsive; identifying all suspect applications running on the server when the server becomes unresponsive; assigning a point to each suspect application; redistributing the suspect applications to different servers; and identifying a suspect application with the highest point total. | Systems and methods according to various embodiments disclose a worker process manager adapted to spawn one or more worker processes on a server and to load an application on each of the worker processes. The worker process manager is adapted to isolate the one or more worker processes from each other and to control resource usage by the worker processes. A resource manager is adapted to detect applications that overuse system resources. The worker process manager is adapted to isolate worker processes and to control resource usage using one or more of the following techniques: least-privilege execution, messaging isolation, credentials isolation, data isolation, network isolation, fair share resource usage, and managed runtime security. Heuristic algorithms are used to detect applications that frequently overuse system resources that are unchargeable and that cause system unresponsiveness.1. A server, comprising:
a worker process manager adapted to spawn one or more worker processes on the server and to load an application on each of the worker processes; the worker process manager further adapted to isolate the one or more worker processes from each other and to control resource usage by the worker processes; and a resource manager adapted to detect applications that overuse system resources. 2. The server of claim 1, wherein the worker process manager is adapted to isolate worker processes and to control resource usage using one or more of the following techniques: least-privilege execution, messaging isolation, credentials isolation, data isolation, network isolation, fair share resource usage, and managed runtime security. 3. The server of claim 1, wherein the resource manager is adapted to detect applications that overuse system resources using a heuristic algorithm that comprises identifying suspect applications that were running when a host server becomes unresponsive, assigning a point to each of the suspect applications, distributing the suspect applications to other host servers, and monitoring points accumulated by the suspect applications to identify a suspect application having a greatest number of points. 4. The server of claim 2, wherein the worker process manager uses at least a least-privilege execution technique that comprises spawning a worker process using a process token that has minimal system privileges and security group memberships. 5. The server of claim 2, wherein the worker process manager uses at least a messaging isolation technique that comprises isolating each worker process in its own Window station and desktop object. 6. The server of claim 2, wherein the worker process manager uses at least a credentials isolation technique that comprises using access control lists to secure certificates and private keys for use only by authorized applications. 7. The server of claim 2, wherein the worker process manager uses at least a data isolation technique that comprises using access control lists to limit each application to using only its own data folder. 8. The server of claim 2, wherein the worker process manager uses at least a network isolation technique that comprises reserving http and https endpoints for each application and using access control lists to limit each application to using only its own reserved endpoints. 9. The server of claim 2, wherein the worker process manager uses at least a fair share resource usage technique that comprises sending warning notifications to applications that exceeds a first resource usage level and terminates applications that exceed a second resource usage level. 10. The server of claim 2, wherein the worker process manager uses at least a fair share resource usage technique that comprises throttling CPU usage by adjusting each application's priority level depending upon the application's historical CPU usage. 11. The server of claim 2, wherein the worker process manager uses at least a fair share resource usage technique that comprises throttling network usage using a quality of service (QoS) policy to control each application's access to destination port ranges assigned to the application. 12. The server of claim 2, wherein the worker process manager uses at least a managed runtime security technique that comprises restricting application access to predetermined allowed API calls and runtime libraries. 13. A method, comprising:
spawning one or more worker processes via a worker process manager; assigning an application to each of the one or more worker processes by the worker process manager; isolating each of the one or more worker processes from each other by the worker process manager; and detecting applications that overuse system resources using a resource manager. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the worker process manager isolates the one or more worker processes and controls resource usage using one or more of the following techniques: least-privilege execution, messaging isolation, credentials isolation, data isolation, network isolation, fair share resource usage, and managed runtime security. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the worker process manager isolates the one or more worker processes and controls resource usage using the following techniques: least-privilege execution, messaging isolation, credentials isolation, data isolation, network isolation, fair share resource usage, and managed runtime security. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein detecting applications that overuse system resources further comprises:
determining when a server becomes unresponsive; identifying all suspect applications running on the server when the server becomes unresponsive; assigning a point to each suspect application; redistributing the suspect applications to different servers; and identifying a suspect application with the highest point total. 17. A computer program product for implementing a method for sandboxing applications on a multi-tenant server, the computer program product comprising one or more computer-readable storage media having stored thereon computer-executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a computing system (600), cause the computing system to perform the method comprising:
spawning one or more worker processes via a worker process manager; assigning an application to each of the one or more worker processes by the worker process manager; isolating each of the one or more worker processes from each other by the worker process manager; and detecting applications that overuse system resources using a resource manager. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein the worker process manager isolates the one or more worker processes and controls resource usage using one or more of the following techniques: least-privilege execution, messaging isolation, credentials isolation, data isolation, network isolation, fair share resource usage, and managed runtime security. 19. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein the worker process manager isolates the one or more worker processes and controls resource usage using the following techniques: least-privilege execution, messaging isolation, credentials isolation, data isolation, network isolation, fair share resource usage, and managed runtime security. 20. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein detecting applications that overuse system resources further comprises:
determining when a server becomes unresponsive; identifying all suspect applications running on the server when the server becomes unresponsive; assigning a point to each suspect application; redistributing the suspect applications to different servers; and identifying a suspect application with the highest point total. | 2,400 |
6,872 | 6,872 | 13,299,316 | 2,477 | An apparatus and method provide load balancing in a multi-cell wireless access system. The method includes determining a change value of a TX power, determining a handover candidate set including at least one MS to be handed over, calculating expected gains after TX power control for each MS classification, and determining whether to control the TX power based on the expected gains. The change value is zero or a positive real number. | 1. A method for loading balancing in a multi-cell wireless access system, the method comprising:
determining a change value of a transmission (TX) power, wherein the change value is zero or a positive real number; determining a handover candidate set including at least one Mobile Station (MS) to be handed over; calculating expected gains after TX power control for each MS classification; and determining whether to control the TX power based on the expected gains. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the change value of the TX power comprises:
determining required power steps needed for a handover of MSs; and identifying a minimum value among the required power steps to be the change value. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the required power steps comprises:
if the TX power is to be decreased, determining the required power steps based on MSs connected to a target base station (BS); and if the TX power is to be increased, determining the required power steps based on MSs connected to a neighbor BS of the target BS. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the handover candidate set includes MSs having a required power step less than or equal to the change value of the TX power. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the handover candidate set includes a predetermined number of MSs in ascending order of a required power step needed for a handover of a MS. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the MS classification includes at least one of a MS group belonging to the handover candidate set, a MS group not belonging to the handover candidate set among MSs connected to a target base station (BS), a MS group connected to a neighbor BS using a same frequency, and a MS group connected to a neighbor BS using a different frequency. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the expected gain is a change in a sum of date rates before and after the handover. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether to control the TX power comprises:
selecting a case corresponding to a largest sum of expected gains from a group of cases including a sum of expected gains in a case of increasing the TX power, a sum of expected gains in a case of decreasing the TX power, and a sum of expected gains in a case of maintaining the TX power. 9. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
selecting a TX power mode according to a load amount of a target base station (BS) before determining the change value of the TX power,
wherein the TX power mode includes at least two of modes selected from a group of modes including increasing, decreasing and maintaining the TX power for a handover of at least one MS. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein determining whether to control the TX power comprises:
selecting a case corresponding to a largest sum of expected gains from a group of cases including a sum of expected gains in a case of controlling the TX power according to the selected TX power mode and a sum of expected gains in a case of maintaining the TX power without a handover of a MS. 11. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
acquiring measurement information of MSs and state information of base stations (BSs). 12. The method of claim 11, wherein:
the measurement information includes at least one of a received (RX) power of at least one BS measured by the MSs, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) of the at least one BS measured by the MSs, a RX power of the MSs measured by the at least one BS, and a RSSI of the MSs measured by the at least one BS, and the state information includes a current TX power of the at least one BS and a number of MSs connected to the at least one BS. 13. An apparatus for loading balancing in a multi-cell wireless access system, the apparatus comprising:
a storage unit configured to store state information of base stations (BSs) and measurement information of mobile stations (MSs) necessary for load balancing; and a control unit configured to determine a change value of a transmission (TX) power, determine a handover candidate set including at least one MS to be handed over, calculate expected gains after TX power control for each MS classification, and determine whether to control the TX power based on the expected gains, wherein the change value is zero or a positive real number. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the control unit is further configured to determine required power steps needed for a handover of MSs, and identify a minimum value among the required power steps to be the change value. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein:
if the TX power is to be decreased, the control unit is further configured to determine the required power steps based on MSs connected to a target BS; and if the TX power is to be increased, the control unit is further configured to determine the required power steps based on MSs connected to a neighbor BS of the target BS. 16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the handover candidate set includes MSs having a required power step less than or equal to the change value of the TX power. 17. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the handover candidate set includes a predetermined number of MSs in ascending order of a required power step needed for a handover of a MS. 18. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the MS classification includes at least one of a MS group belonging to the handover candidate set, a MS group not belonging to the handover candidate set among MSs connected to a target BS, a MS group connected to a neighbor BS using the same frequency, and a MS group connected to a neighbor BS using a different frequency. 19. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the expected gain is a change in a sum of date rates before and after the handover. 20. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the control unit is further configured to determine whether to control the TX power by selecting a case corresponding to a largest sum of expected gains from a group of cases including a sum of expected gains in a case of increasing the TX power, a sum of expected gains in a case of decreasing the TX power, and a sum of expected gains in a case of maintaining the TX power. 21. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the control unit is further configured to select a TX power mode according to a load amount of a target BS before determining the change value of the TX power, and
wherein the TX power mode includes at least two of modes selected from a group of modes including increasing, decreasing and maintaining the TX power for a handover of at least one MS. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the control unit is further configured to select a case corresponding to a largest sum of expected gains from a group of cases including a sum of expected gains in a case of controlling the TX power according to the selected TX power mode and a sum of expected gains in a case of maintaining the TX power without a handover of an MS. 23. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the control unit is further configured to acquire measurement information of MSs and state information of BSs. 24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein:
the measurement information includes at least one of a received (RX) power of at least one BS measured by the MSs, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) of the at least one BS measured by the MSs, a RX power of the MSs measured by the at least one BS, and a RSSI of the MSs measured by the at least one BS, and the state information includes a current TX power of the at least one BS and a number of MSs connected to the at least one BS. 25. A method for an operation of a Mobile Station (MS) in a multi-cell wireless access system, the method comprising:
determining whether a transmission (TX) power of a base station (BS) is changed or whether a handover command transmitted from the BS is received; and performing a handover according to a changing of the TX power of the BS or the handover command from the BS, wherein the changing of the TX power of the BS or the transmitting the handover command is determined based on expected gains determined by determining a handover candidate set including at least one MS to be handed over and calculating the expected gains after TX power control for each MS classification. 26. An apparatus for a Mobile Station (MS) in a multi-cell wireless access system, the method comprising:
a modem configured to determine whether a transmission (TX) power of a base station (BS) is changed or whether a handover command transmitted from the BS is received; and a controller configured to perform a handover according to a changing the TX power of the BS or the handover command from the BS, wherein the changing of the TX power of the BS or the transmitting the handover command is determined based on expected gains determined by determining a handover candidate set including at least one MS to be handed over and calculating the expected gains after TX power control for each MS classification. | An apparatus and method provide load balancing in a multi-cell wireless access system. The method includes determining a change value of a TX power, determining a handover candidate set including at least one MS to be handed over, calculating expected gains after TX power control for each MS classification, and determining whether to control the TX power based on the expected gains. The change value is zero or a positive real number.1. A method for loading balancing in a multi-cell wireless access system, the method comprising:
determining a change value of a transmission (TX) power, wherein the change value is zero or a positive real number; determining a handover candidate set including at least one Mobile Station (MS) to be handed over; calculating expected gains after TX power control for each MS classification; and determining whether to control the TX power based on the expected gains. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the change value of the TX power comprises:
determining required power steps needed for a handover of MSs; and identifying a minimum value among the required power steps to be the change value. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the required power steps comprises:
if the TX power is to be decreased, determining the required power steps based on MSs connected to a target base station (BS); and if the TX power is to be increased, determining the required power steps based on MSs connected to a neighbor BS of the target BS. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the handover candidate set includes MSs having a required power step less than or equal to the change value of the TX power. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the handover candidate set includes a predetermined number of MSs in ascending order of a required power step needed for a handover of a MS. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the MS classification includes at least one of a MS group belonging to the handover candidate set, a MS group not belonging to the handover candidate set among MSs connected to a target base station (BS), a MS group connected to a neighbor BS using a same frequency, and a MS group connected to a neighbor BS using a different frequency. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the expected gain is a change in a sum of date rates before and after the handover. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether to control the TX power comprises:
selecting a case corresponding to a largest sum of expected gains from a group of cases including a sum of expected gains in a case of increasing the TX power, a sum of expected gains in a case of decreasing the TX power, and a sum of expected gains in a case of maintaining the TX power. 9. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
selecting a TX power mode according to a load amount of a target base station (BS) before determining the change value of the TX power,
wherein the TX power mode includes at least two of modes selected from a group of modes including increasing, decreasing and maintaining the TX power for a handover of at least one MS. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein determining whether to control the TX power comprises:
selecting a case corresponding to a largest sum of expected gains from a group of cases including a sum of expected gains in a case of controlling the TX power according to the selected TX power mode and a sum of expected gains in a case of maintaining the TX power without a handover of a MS. 11. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
acquiring measurement information of MSs and state information of base stations (BSs). 12. The method of claim 11, wherein:
the measurement information includes at least one of a received (RX) power of at least one BS measured by the MSs, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) of the at least one BS measured by the MSs, a RX power of the MSs measured by the at least one BS, and a RSSI of the MSs measured by the at least one BS, and the state information includes a current TX power of the at least one BS and a number of MSs connected to the at least one BS. 13. An apparatus for loading balancing in a multi-cell wireless access system, the apparatus comprising:
a storage unit configured to store state information of base stations (BSs) and measurement information of mobile stations (MSs) necessary for load balancing; and a control unit configured to determine a change value of a transmission (TX) power, determine a handover candidate set including at least one MS to be handed over, calculate expected gains after TX power control for each MS classification, and determine whether to control the TX power based on the expected gains, wherein the change value is zero or a positive real number. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the control unit is further configured to determine required power steps needed for a handover of MSs, and identify a minimum value among the required power steps to be the change value. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein:
if the TX power is to be decreased, the control unit is further configured to determine the required power steps based on MSs connected to a target BS; and if the TX power is to be increased, the control unit is further configured to determine the required power steps based on MSs connected to a neighbor BS of the target BS. 16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the handover candidate set includes MSs having a required power step less than or equal to the change value of the TX power. 17. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the handover candidate set includes a predetermined number of MSs in ascending order of a required power step needed for a handover of a MS. 18. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the MS classification includes at least one of a MS group belonging to the handover candidate set, a MS group not belonging to the handover candidate set among MSs connected to a target BS, a MS group connected to a neighbor BS using the same frequency, and a MS group connected to a neighbor BS using a different frequency. 19. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the expected gain is a change in a sum of date rates before and after the handover. 20. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the control unit is further configured to determine whether to control the TX power by selecting a case corresponding to a largest sum of expected gains from a group of cases including a sum of expected gains in a case of increasing the TX power, a sum of expected gains in a case of decreasing the TX power, and a sum of expected gains in a case of maintaining the TX power. 21. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the control unit is further configured to select a TX power mode according to a load amount of a target BS before determining the change value of the TX power, and
wherein the TX power mode includes at least two of modes selected from a group of modes including increasing, decreasing and maintaining the TX power for a handover of at least one MS. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the control unit is further configured to select a case corresponding to a largest sum of expected gains from a group of cases including a sum of expected gains in a case of controlling the TX power according to the selected TX power mode and a sum of expected gains in a case of maintaining the TX power without a handover of an MS. 23. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the control unit is further configured to acquire measurement information of MSs and state information of BSs. 24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein:
the measurement information includes at least one of a received (RX) power of at least one BS measured by the MSs, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) of the at least one BS measured by the MSs, a RX power of the MSs measured by the at least one BS, and a RSSI of the MSs measured by the at least one BS, and the state information includes a current TX power of the at least one BS and a number of MSs connected to the at least one BS. 25. A method for an operation of a Mobile Station (MS) in a multi-cell wireless access system, the method comprising:
determining whether a transmission (TX) power of a base station (BS) is changed or whether a handover command transmitted from the BS is received; and performing a handover according to a changing of the TX power of the BS or the handover command from the BS, wherein the changing of the TX power of the BS or the transmitting the handover command is determined based on expected gains determined by determining a handover candidate set including at least one MS to be handed over and calculating the expected gains after TX power control for each MS classification. 26. An apparatus for a Mobile Station (MS) in a multi-cell wireless access system, the method comprising:
a modem configured to determine whether a transmission (TX) power of a base station (BS) is changed or whether a handover command transmitted from the BS is received; and a controller configured to perform a handover according to a changing the TX power of the BS or the handover command from the BS, wherein the changing of the TX power of the BS or the transmitting the handover command is determined based on expected gains determined by determining a handover candidate set including at least one MS to be handed over and calculating the expected gains after TX power control for each MS classification. | 2,400 |
6,873 | 6,873 | 14,618,771 | 2,481 | The present invention is directed to a television schedule guide with enhanced recording capability. Specifically, the invention allows a user to schedule the recording of a television program from a remote location. In one embodiment, a user may call via telephone to schedule the recording. In another embodiment, the user may access a website to remotely schedule the recording. | 1-4. (canceled) 5. A system comprising:
a server on the Internet accessible to a user via a website; wherein:
a device, located at a user premises, is accessible by the server; and
the server is configured to receive input from the user via the website, the input is supplied by the user using user equipment that is in a location different from the user premises, the input including a selection of a content from a plurality of contents that will be broadcasted to the device and a request to record the content and in response to the input, the server is configured to set up the device to record a future broadcast of the content by transmitting a communication to the device, the communication being received by the device independently of the user equipment. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the device is accessible by the server over the Internet. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein the device is accessible by the server over a phone line. 8. The system of claim 5, wherein the selection of the content from the plurality of contents is done from an electronic program guide on the website. 9. The system of claim 5, wherein the content is a program. 10. The system of claim 5, wherein the server is configured to set up the device by providing instructions to the device to record the future broadcast of the content. 11. The system of claim 5, wherein the user premises, where the device is located, is a home of the user, and wherein the location of the user equipment is outside of the home. 12. A method for setting up a device to record content, the method comprising:
receiving, at a server on the Internet accessible to a user via a website, input from a user via the website, wherein:
the device, located at a user premises, is accessible by the server;
the input is supplied by the user using user equipment that is in a location different from the user premises; and
the input includes a selection of a content from a plurality of contents that will be broadcasted to the device and a request to record the content; and
in response to the input, setting up the device to record a future broadcast of the content using the server by transmitting a communication to the device, the communication being received by the device independently of the user equipment. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the device is accessible by the server over the Internet. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the device is accessible by the server over a phone line. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the selection of the content from the plurality of contents is done from an electronic program guide on the website. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein the content is a program. 17. The method of claim 12 further comprising sending instructions to the device from the server to record the future broadcast of the content. 18. The method of claim 12, wherein the user premises, where the device is located, is a home of the user, and wherein the location of the user equipment is outside of the home. 19. A system comprising:
a server accessible to a user over a network external to the server; wherein: a plurality of devices is accessible by the server; a device of the plurality of devices is located at a user premises; and the server is configured to receive input from the user over the network, the input is supplied by the user using user equipment that is in a location different from the user premises, the input including a selection of a content from a plurality of contents that will be broadcasted to the plurality of devices at a previously-scheduled future time and a request to record the content and in response to the input, the server is configured to set up the device to record the content at the previously-scheduled future time by transmitting a communication to the device, the communication being received by the device independently of the user equipment. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the server is configured to set up the device by providing instructions to the device to record the future broadcast of the content. 21. The system of claim 19, wherein the device comprises a user television equipment. 22. The system of claim 19, wherein the content is scheduled by a television distribution facility to be broadcasted to the device. 23. The system of claim 22, wherein the device is configured to:
receive commands associated with the content; and in response to the commands, record the content when broadcasted by the television distribution facility. 24. The system of claim 19, wherein the user premises, where the device is located, is a home of the user, and wherein the location of the user equipment is outside of the home. 25. The system of claim 19, wherein the content is a program. 26. The system of claim 19, wherein the selection of the content from the plurality of contents is done from an electronic program guide on a website. 27. A method for setting up a device to record content, the method comprising:
receiving, with a server accessible to a user over a network external to the server, input from a user over the network, wherein: a plurality of devices that includes the device is accessible by the server; the device of the plurality of devices is located at a user premises; and the input is supplied by the user using user equipment that is in a location different from the user premises, the input including a selection of a content from a plurality of contents that will be broadcasted to the plurality of devices at a previously-scheduled future time and a request to record the content; and in response to the input, setting up the device to record the content at the previously-scheduled future time using the server by transmitting a communication to the device, the communication being received by the device independently of the user equipment. 28. The method of claim 27 further comprising providing instructions to the device to record the future broadcast of the content. 29. The method of claim 27, wherein the device comprises a user television equipment. 30. The method of claim 27, wherein the device is configured to:
receive commands associated with the content; and in response to the commands, record the content when broadcasted. 31. The method of claim 27, wherein the user premises, where the device is located, is a home of the user, and wherein the location of the user equipment is outside of the home. 32. The method of claim 27, wherein the content is a program. 33. The method of claim 27, wherein the selection of the content from the plurality of contents is done from an electronic program guide on a website. | The present invention is directed to a television schedule guide with enhanced recording capability. Specifically, the invention allows a user to schedule the recording of a television program from a remote location. In one embodiment, a user may call via telephone to schedule the recording. In another embodiment, the user may access a website to remotely schedule the recording.1-4. (canceled) 5. A system comprising:
a server on the Internet accessible to a user via a website; wherein:
a device, located at a user premises, is accessible by the server; and
the server is configured to receive input from the user via the website, the input is supplied by the user using user equipment that is in a location different from the user premises, the input including a selection of a content from a plurality of contents that will be broadcasted to the device and a request to record the content and in response to the input, the server is configured to set up the device to record a future broadcast of the content by transmitting a communication to the device, the communication being received by the device independently of the user equipment. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the device is accessible by the server over the Internet. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein the device is accessible by the server over a phone line. 8. The system of claim 5, wherein the selection of the content from the plurality of contents is done from an electronic program guide on the website. 9. The system of claim 5, wherein the content is a program. 10. The system of claim 5, wherein the server is configured to set up the device by providing instructions to the device to record the future broadcast of the content. 11. The system of claim 5, wherein the user premises, where the device is located, is a home of the user, and wherein the location of the user equipment is outside of the home. 12. A method for setting up a device to record content, the method comprising:
receiving, at a server on the Internet accessible to a user via a website, input from a user via the website, wherein:
the device, located at a user premises, is accessible by the server;
the input is supplied by the user using user equipment that is in a location different from the user premises; and
the input includes a selection of a content from a plurality of contents that will be broadcasted to the device and a request to record the content; and
in response to the input, setting up the device to record a future broadcast of the content using the server by transmitting a communication to the device, the communication being received by the device independently of the user equipment. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the device is accessible by the server over the Internet. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the device is accessible by the server over a phone line. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the selection of the content from the plurality of contents is done from an electronic program guide on the website. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein the content is a program. 17. The method of claim 12 further comprising sending instructions to the device from the server to record the future broadcast of the content. 18. The method of claim 12, wherein the user premises, where the device is located, is a home of the user, and wherein the location of the user equipment is outside of the home. 19. A system comprising:
a server accessible to a user over a network external to the server; wherein: a plurality of devices is accessible by the server; a device of the plurality of devices is located at a user premises; and the server is configured to receive input from the user over the network, the input is supplied by the user using user equipment that is in a location different from the user premises, the input including a selection of a content from a plurality of contents that will be broadcasted to the plurality of devices at a previously-scheduled future time and a request to record the content and in response to the input, the server is configured to set up the device to record the content at the previously-scheduled future time by transmitting a communication to the device, the communication being received by the device independently of the user equipment. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the server is configured to set up the device by providing instructions to the device to record the future broadcast of the content. 21. The system of claim 19, wherein the device comprises a user television equipment. 22. The system of claim 19, wherein the content is scheduled by a television distribution facility to be broadcasted to the device. 23. The system of claim 22, wherein the device is configured to:
receive commands associated with the content; and in response to the commands, record the content when broadcasted by the television distribution facility. 24. The system of claim 19, wherein the user premises, where the device is located, is a home of the user, and wherein the location of the user equipment is outside of the home. 25. The system of claim 19, wherein the content is a program. 26. The system of claim 19, wherein the selection of the content from the plurality of contents is done from an electronic program guide on a website. 27. A method for setting up a device to record content, the method comprising:
receiving, with a server accessible to a user over a network external to the server, input from a user over the network, wherein: a plurality of devices that includes the device is accessible by the server; the device of the plurality of devices is located at a user premises; and the input is supplied by the user using user equipment that is in a location different from the user premises, the input including a selection of a content from a plurality of contents that will be broadcasted to the plurality of devices at a previously-scheduled future time and a request to record the content; and in response to the input, setting up the device to record the content at the previously-scheduled future time using the server by transmitting a communication to the device, the communication being received by the device independently of the user equipment. 28. The method of claim 27 further comprising providing instructions to the device to record the future broadcast of the content. 29. The method of claim 27, wherein the device comprises a user television equipment. 30. The method of claim 27, wherein the device is configured to:
receive commands associated with the content; and in response to the commands, record the content when broadcasted. 31. The method of claim 27, wherein the user premises, where the device is located, is a home of the user, and wherein the location of the user equipment is outside of the home. 32. The method of claim 27, wherein the content is a program. 33. The method of claim 27, wherein the selection of the content from the plurality of contents is done from an electronic program guide on a website. | 2,400 |
6,874 | 6,874 | 14,446,767 | 2,488 | Disclosed are methods and systems for a transcoding device to provide sets of video streams or profiles having different encoding parameters for transmitting the sets of video streams to a media device. In an embodiment, a method for transmitting video streams for a media program from a transcoding device to a media device includes receiving, by the transcoding device, video data; generating, by the transcoding device, a plurality of profiles from the video data, each profile representing a video stream; performing analysis on the generated plurality of profiles to identify similar profiles; reducing the number of profiles to provide a distinct set of profiles; and transmitting the distinct set of profiles from the transcoding device to the media device. | 1. A method for transmitting video streams for a media program from a transcoding device to a media device, the method comprising:
receiving, by the transcoding device, video data; generating, by the transcoding device, a plurality of profiles from the video data, each profile representing a video stream; performing analysis on the generated plurality of profiles to identify similar profiles; reducing the number of profiles to provide a distinct set of profiles; transmitting the distinct set of profiles from the transcoding device to the media device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a measure of video quality is used to identify the similarity of the profiles. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein a first profile is similar to a second profile if the measured or estimated video quality for the first profile is within a range of 10% of the second profile. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the similar profiles include a similar bit rate or spatial resolution. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein a first profile is similar to a second profile if the bit rate for the first profile is within a range of 10% of the second profile. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein a first profile is similar to a second profile if the spatial resolution for the first profile is within a range of 10% of the second profile. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a minimum threshold profile requirement; and transmitting the distinct set of profiles from the transcoding device to the media device that meet or exceed the minimum threshold requirement. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the minimum threshold requirement is indicative of video quality. 9. A method for transmitting video streams for a media program from a transcoding device to a media device, the method comprising:
receiving, by the transcoding device, video data; performing analysis on the video data based in part on the spatial and/or temporal complexity in the video data to determine profile requirements; generating, by the transcoding device, a plurality of profiles from the video data, each profile representing a video stream, wherein the generated profiles meet or exceed the determined profile requirements; transmitting the plurality of profiles from the transcoding device to the media device. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein spatial activity is determined by analyzing video frames to identify high textured areas and flat textured areas. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein temporal activity is determined by performing pixel accurate motion estimation between video frames. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the determined profile requirements are indicative of video quality. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the determined profile requirements include a minimum and maximum value of spatial resolution and bit rate that provide boundaries for the generated profiles. 14. A method for transmitting video streams for a media program from a transcoding device to a media device, the method comprising:
receiving, by the transcoding device, video data; generating, by the transcoding device, a plurality of profiles from the video data, each profile representing a video stream; providing metadata indicative of video quality to each of the plurality of profiles; transmitting the plurality of profiles from the transcoding device to the media device; selecting, by the media device, one or more profiles based on the metadata. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the media device comprises a device selected from the group consisting of: a transcoder, a packager, a server, a caching server, and a home gateway. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the video quality is provided in the form of a video quality score. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the video quality score is an absolute value that serves as a proxy for a minimum threshold. 18. A transcoding device for transmitting a set of video streams to a media device comprising:
a set of processors; and a computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions for controlling the set of processors to be configured for:
receiving video data;
generating a plurality of profiles from the video data, each profile representing a video stream;
performing analysis on the generated plurality of profiles to identify similar profiles;
reducing the number of profiles to provide a distinct set of profiles;
transmitting the distinct set of profiles from the transcoding device to the media device. 19. A transcoding device for transmitting a set of video streams to a media device comprising:
a set of processors; and a computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions for controlling the set of processors to be configured for:
receiving video data;
performing analysis on the video data based in part on the spatial and/or temporal complexity in the video data to determine profile requirements;
generating a plurality of profiles from the video data, each profile representing a video stream, wherein the generated profiles meet or exceed the determined profile requirements;
transmitting the plurality of profiles from the transcoding device to the media device. 20. A transcoding device for transmitting a set of video streams to a media device comprising:
a set of processors; and a computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions for controlling the set of processors to be configured for:
receiving video data;
generating a plurality of profiles from the video data, each profile representing a video stream;
providing metadata indicative of video quality to each of the plurality of profiles; and
transmitting the plurality of profiles from the transcoding device to the media device. 21. The transcoding device of claim 20, wherein the media device is configured to select one or more profiles based on the metadata. 22. The transcoding device of claim 20, wherein the media device is configured to receive said selected profiles from the transcoder device. | Disclosed are methods and systems for a transcoding device to provide sets of video streams or profiles having different encoding parameters for transmitting the sets of video streams to a media device. In an embodiment, a method for transmitting video streams for a media program from a transcoding device to a media device includes receiving, by the transcoding device, video data; generating, by the transcoding device, a plurality of profiles from the video data, each profile representing a video stream; performing analysis on the generated plurality of profiles to identify similar profiles; reducing the number of profiles to provide a distinct set of profiles; and transmitting the distinct set of profiles from the transcoding device to the media device.1. A method for transmitting video streams for a media program from a transcoding device to a media device, the method comprising:
receiving, by the transcoding device, video data; generating, by the transcoding device, a plurality of profiles from the video data, each profile representing a video stream; performing analysis on the generated plurality of profiles to identify similar profiles; reducing the number of profiles to provide a distinct set of profiles; transmitting the distinct set of profiles from the transcoding device to the media device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a measure of video quality is used to identify the similarity of the profiles. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein a first profile is similar to a second profile if the measured or estimated video quality for the first profile is within a range of 10% of the second profile. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the similar profiles include a similar bit rate or spatial resolution. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein a first profile is similar to a second profile if the bit rate for the first profile is within a range of 10% of the second profile. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein a first profile is similar to a second profile if the spatial resolution for the first profile is within a range of 10% of the second profile. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a minimum threshold profile requirement; and transmitting the distinct set of profiles from the transcoding device to the media device that meet or exceed the minimum threshold requirement. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the minimum threshold requirement is indicative of video quality. 9. A method for transmitting video streams for a media program from a transcoding device to a media device, the method comprising:
receiving, by the transcoding device, video data; performing analysis on the video data based in part on the spatial and/or temporal complexity in the video data to determine profile requirements; generating, by the transcoding device, a plurality of profiles from the video data, each profile representing a video stream, wherein the generated profiles meet or exceed the determined profile requirements; transmitting the plurality of profiles from the transcoding device to the media device. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein spatial activity is determined by analyzing video frames to identify high textured areas and flat textured areas. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein temporal activity is determined by performing pixel accurate motion estimation between video frames. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the determined profile requirements are indicative of video quality. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the determined profile requirements include a minimum and maximum value of spatial resolution and bit rate that provide boundaries for the generated profiles. 14. A method for transmitting video streams for a media program from a transcoding device to a media device, the method comprising:
receiving, by the transcoding device, video data; generating, by the transcoding device, a plurality of profiles from the video data, each profile representing a video stream; providing metadata indicative of video quality to each of the plurality of profiles; transmitting the plurality of profiles from the transcoding device to the media device; selecting, by the media device, one or more profiles based on the metadata. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the media device comprises a device selected from the group consisting of: a transcoder, a packager, a server, a caching server, and a home gateway. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the video quality is provided in the form of a video quality score. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the video quality score is an absolute value that serves as a proxy for a minimum threshold. 18. A transcoding device for transmitting a set of video streams to a media device comprising:
a set of processors; and a computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions for controlling the set of processors to be configured for:
receiving video data;
generating a plurality of profiles from the video data, each profile representing a video stream;
performing analysis on the generated plurality of profiles to identify similar profiles;
reducing the number of profiles to provide a distinct set of profiles;
transmitting the distinct set of profiles from the transcoding device to the media device. 19. A transcoding device for transmitting a set of video streams to a media device comprising:
a set of processors; and a computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions for controlling the set of processors to be configured for:
receiving video data;
performing analysis on the video data based in part on the spatial and/or temporal complexity in the video data to determine profile requirements;
generating a plurality of profiles from the video data, each profile representing a video stream, wherein the generated profiles meet or exceed the determined profile requirements;
transmitting the plurality of profiles from the transcoding device to the media device. 20. A transcoding device for transmitting a set of video streams to a media device comprising:
a set of processors; and a computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions for controlling the set of processors to be configured for:
receiving video data;
generating a plurality of profiles from the video data, each profile representing a video stream;
providing metadata indicative of video quality to each of the plurality of profiles; and
transmitting the plurality of profiles from the transcoding device to the media device. 21. The transcoding device of claim 20, wherein the media device is configured to select one or more profiles based on the metadata. 22. The transcoding device of claim 20, wherein the media device is configured to receive said selected profiles from the transcoder device. | 2,400 |
6,875 | 6,875 | 15,226,083 | 2,445 | A method implemented in a communication device, the method comprising receiving a context preference for a contact, storing the context preference, connecting to a communication session via the communication device, transmitting, for display at a second communication device, context information based on the context preference and presence information indicating that the communication device has connected to the communication session, and receiving from the second communication device a request from the contact to connect to the communication session. | 1. A method implemented in a communication device, the method comprising:
receiving presence information and context information about a communication session involving a second communication device; displaying on a display of the communication device the presence information and the context information; and receiving an input in response to the displaying of the presence and context information; transmitting, in response to the input, a request to the second communication device to join the communication session in response to the displayed presence information and context information. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving a preference for context information, wherein the displaying is performed only if the preference matches the received context information. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the presence information comprises one or more keywords about the status of a contact, and wherein the context information comprises one or more keywords about the communication session. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the context information comprises one or more keywords or text that describes a topic, a task, an activity, a project, or a goal of the communication session. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the context information comprises one or more resources associated with the communication session and that are used or accessed using the communication session, including document files, presentation point slides, contact phone numbers, access codes, or other resource related information. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the communication session is a video conference session, a voice conference session, an instant messaging (IM) session, or a web-based collaboration session. 7. A database server comprising:
a memory; a processor coupled to the memory, the processor configured to: receive a context preference about a communication session involving a contact; store the context preference to the memory; receive context information regarding the communication session from a communication device; request the context preference from the memory; and determine whether the context preference and the context information match and if so send a notification of the communication session and an option to join the communication session to a second communication device. 8. The database server of claim 7, wherein the communication device is a presence and instant messaging (IM) server, and wherein the context preference originated from a third communication device. 9. The database server of claim 8, wherein the second communication device is the presence and IM server, wherein the context information originated from the third communication device. 10. The database server of claim 9, wherein the context preference comprises text that describes a topic, a task, an activity, a project, or a goal of the communication session, and wherein the context information comprises second text that describes a topic, a task, an activity, a project, or a goal of the communication session, and wherein determining whether the context preference and the context information match comprises comparing the text and the second text. | A method implemented in a communication device, the method comprising receiving a context preference for a contact, storing the context preference, connecting to a communication session via the communication device, transmitting, for display at a second communication device, context information based on the context preference and presence information indicating that the communication device has connected to the communication session, and receiving from the second communication device a request from the contact to connect to the communication session.1. A method implemented in a communication device, the method comprising:
receiving presence information and context information about a communication session involving a second communication device; displaying on a display of the communication device the presence information and the context information; and receiving an input in response to the displaying of the presence and context information; transmitting, in response to the input, a request to the second communication device to join the communication session in response to the displayed presence information and context information. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving a preference for context information, wherein the displaying is performed only if the preference matches the received context information. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the presence information comprises one or more keywords about the status of a contact, and wherein the context information comprises one or more keywords about the communication session. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the context information comprises one or more keywords or text that describes a topic, a task, an activity, a project, or a goal of the communication session. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the context information comprises one or more resources associated with the communication session and that are used or accessed using the communication session, including document files, presentation point slides, contact phone numbers, access codes, or other resource related information. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the communication session is a video conference session, a voice conference session, an instant messaging (IM) session, or a web-based collaboration session. 7. A database server comprising:
a memory; a processor coupled to the memory, the processor configured to: receive a context preference about a communication session involving a contact; store the context preference to the memory; receive context information regarding the communication session from a communication device; request the context preference from the memory; and determine whether the context preference and the context information match and if so send a notification of the communication session and an option to join the communication session to a second communication device. 8. The database server of claim 7, wherein the communication device is a presence and instant messaging (IM) server, and wherein the context preference originated from a third communication device. 9. The database server of claim 8, wherein the second communication device is the presence and IM server, wherein the context information originated from the third communication device. 10. The database server of claim 9, wherein the context preference comprises text that describes a topic, a task, an activity, a project, or a goal of the communication session, and wherein the context information comprises second text that describes a topic, a task, an activity, a project, or a goal of the communication session, and wherein determining whether the context preference and the context information match comprises comparing the text and the second text. | 2,400 |
6,876 | 6,876 | 13,607,447 | 2,458 | The present disclosure is directed at methods, systems, and techniques for sharing data in a physical security system that includes multiple server nodes. One of the server nodes (a “first node”) accesses a node identifier identifying another of the server nodes (a “second node”), following which the first node sends the data to the second node. Both the first and second nodes are part of a server cluster that includes multiple server nodes, and each of the server nodes in the server cluster has access to cluster membership information. The cluster membership information identifies all of the server nodes in the server cluster, and the node identifier is part of the cluster membership information. | 1. A method for sharing data in a physical security system that comprises a plurality of server nodes, the method comprising:
(a) accessing, using one of the server nodes (“first node”), a node identifier identifying another of the server nodes (“second node”), wherein the first and second nodes comprise at least part of a server cluster and wherein the node identifier comprises at least part of cluster membership information identifying all and accessible by all server nodes in the server cluster; and (b) sending the data from the first node to the second node. 2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the server cluster comprises at least three server nodes. 3. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the server nodes comprise cameras, network video recorders, and access control servers. 4. A method as claimed in claim 1 further comprising:
(a) accessing, using the second node, a node identifier identifying the first node; and
(b) sending additional data from the second node to the first node. 5. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the cluster membership information comprises:
(a) a node identifier uniquely identifying each of the server nodes in the server cluster; and
(b) a cluster identifier uniquely identifying the server cluster to which the server nodes belong. 6. A method as claimed in claim 5 wherein each of the server nodes in the server cluster persistently stores its own version of the cluster membership information locally. 7. A method as claimed in claim 6 further comprising:
(a) rebooting one of the server nodes (“rebooted server node”) in the server cluster; and
(b) once the rebooted server node returns online, using the rebooted server node to perform a method comprising:
(i) accessing the cluster identifier identifying the server cluster; and
(ii) automatically rejoining the server cluster. 8. A method as claimed in claim 6 further comprising adding a new server node to the server cluster by performing a method comprising:
(a) exchanging a version of the cluster membership information stored on the new server node with the version of the cluster membership information stored on one of the server nodes that is already part of the server cluster (“membership control node”); and
(b) synchronizing the versions of the cluster membership information stored on the new server node with the versions of the cluster membership information stored on all the server nodes in the cluster prior to the new server node joining the cluster. 9. A method as claimed in claim 6 wherein sending the data comprises:
(a) looking up, using the first node, a communication endpoint for the second node from the node identifier; and
(b) sending the data from the first node to the communication endpoint. 10. A method as claimed in claim 9 wherein the communication endpoint and the node identifier comprise entries in a network map relating node identifiers for all the server nodes in the server cluster to corresponding communication endpoints, and wherein each of the server nodes in the server cluster persistently stores its own version of the network map locally. 11. A method as claimed in claim 10 wherein the network map permits each of the server nodes in the server cluster to send the data to any other of the server nodes in the server cluster without using a centralized server. 12. A method as claimed in claim 6 wherein the data is stored locally on the first node and further comprising modifying the data using the first node, wherein sending the data from the first node to the second node comprises part of synchronizing the data on the first and second nodes after the first node has modified the data. 13. A method as claimed in claim 12 wherein the data comprises version information generated using a causality versioning mechanism and different versions of the data are stored on the first and second nodes, and wherein synchronizing the data comprises comparing the version information stored on the first and second nodes and adopting on both of the first and second nodes the data whose version information indicates is more recent. 14. A method as claimed in claim 6 wherein the data comprises the node identifier of the first node, heartbeat state information of the first node, application state information of the first node, and version information, and wherein sending the data comprises disseminating the data to all the server nodes in the server cluster using a gossip protocol that performs data exchanges between pairs of the server nodes in the cluster. 15. A method as claimed in claim 14 wherein the data is periodically disseminated to all the server nodes in the server cluster. 16. A method as claimed in claim 14 wherein the data is sent to the second node when the first node joins the cluster. 17. A method as claimed in claim 14 wherein a domain populated with entries that can be modified by any of the server nodes in the server cluster is stored locally on each of the nodes in the server cluster, and further comprising generating the version information using a causality versioning mechanism such that the version information indicates which of the server nodes has most recently modified one of the entries. 18. A method as claimed in claim 17 wherein the application state information comprises a top-level hash generated by hashing all the entries in the domain. 19. A method as claimed in claim 18 further comprising:
(a) comparing, using the second node, the top-level hash with a top-level hash generated by hashing a version of a corresponding domain stored locally on the second node; and
(b) if the top-level hashes differ, synchronizing the domains on both the first and second nodes using the version information. 20. A method as claimed in claim 14 wherein a status entry that can only be modified by the first node is stored locally on the first node, and wherein the version information comprises a version number that the first node increments whenever it modifies the status entry. 21. A method as claimed in claim 20 wherein the application state information comprises a status entity pair comprising a status entity identifier that identifies the status entry and the version number. 22. A method as claimed in claim 21 further comprising:
(a) comparing, using the second node, the version number received from the first node with a version number of a corresponding status entry stored locally on the second node; and
(b) if the versions numbers differ, updating the status entry stored locally on the second node with the status entry stored locally on the first node. 23. A method as claimed in claim 22 wherein updating the status entry comprises sending from the first node to the second node additional status entries stored locally on the first node that were modified simultaneously with the status entry. 24. A method as claimed in claim 6 wherein the first and second nodes comprise at least part of a group of server nodes in the cluster to which the first node can send the data in a totally ordered manner to all of the server nodes in the group, and wherein sending the data comprises the first node sending the data to all of the server nodes in the group. 25. A method as claimed in claim 24 wherein the data comprises non-persistent data generated during the runtime of the physical security system. 26. A method as claimed in claim 6 wherein the data comprises streaming video streamed from another of the server nodes in the server cluster through the first node to the second node. 27. A system for sharing data in a physical security system, the system comprising a plurality of server nodes comprising a first node and a second node, wherein the first node comprises a processor communicatively coupled to a computer readable medium that has encoded thereon statements and instructions to cause the processor to perform a method comprising:
(a) accessing a node identifier identifying the second node, wherein the first and second nodes comprise at least part of a server cluster and wherein the node identifier comprises at least part of cluster membership information identifying all and accessible by all the server nodes in the server cluster; and (b) sending the data to the second node. 28. A non-transitory computer readable medium having encoded thereon statements and instructions to cause a processor to perform a method for sharing data in a physical security system that comprises a plurality of server nodes, the method comprising:
(a) accessing, using one of the server nodes (“first node”), a node identifier identifying another of the server nodes (“second node”), wherein the first and second nodes comprise at least part of a server cluster and wherein the node identifier comprises at least part of cluster membership information identifying all and accessible by all server nodes in the server cluster; and (b) sending the data from the first node to the second node. | The present disclosure is directed at methods, systems, and techniques for sharing data in a physical security system that includes multiple server nodes. One of the server nodes (a “first node”) accesses a node identifier identifying another of the server nodes (a “second node”), following which the first node sends the data to the second node. Both the first and second nodes are part of a server cluster that includes multiple server nodes, and each of the server nodes in the server cluster has access to cluster membership information. The cluster membership information identifies all of the server nodes in the server cluster, and the node identifier is part of the cluster membership information.1. A method for sharing data in a physical security system that comprises a plurality of server nodes, the method comprising:
(a) accessing, using one of the server nodes (“first node”), a node identifier identifying another of the server nodes (“second node”), wherein the first and second nodes comprise at least part of a server cluster and wherein the node identifier comprises at least part of cluster membership information identifying all and accessible by all server nodes in the server cluster; and (b) sending the data from the first node to the second node. 2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the server cluster comprises at least three server nodes. 3. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the server nodes comprise cameras, network video recorders, and access control servers. 4. A method as claimed in claim 1 further comprising:
(a) accessing, using the second node, a node identifier identifying the first node; and
(b) sending additional data from the second node to the first node. 5. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the cluster membership information comprises:
(a) a node identifier uniquely identifying each of the server nodes in the server cluster; and
(b) a cluster identifier uniquely identifying the server cluster to which the server nodes belong. 6. A method as claimed in claim 5 wherein each of the server nodes in the server cluster persistently stores its own version of the cluster membership information locally. 7. A method as claimed in claim 6 further comprising:
(a) rebooting one of the server nodes (“rebooted server node”) in the server cluster; and
(b) once the rebooted server node returns online, using the rebooted server node to perform a method comprising:
(i) accessing the cluster identifier identifying the server cluster; and
(ii) automatically rejoining the server cluster. 8. A method as claimed in claim 6 further comprising adding a new server node to the server cluster by performing a method comprising:
(a) exchanging a version of the cluster membership information stored on the new server node with the version of the cluster membership information stored on one of the server nodes that is already part of the server cluster (“membership control node”); and
(b) synchronizing the versions of the cluster membership information stored on the new server node with the versions of the cluster membership information stored on all the server nodes in the cluster prior to the new server node joining the cluster. 9. A method as claimed in claim 6 wherein sending the data comprises:
(a) looking up, using the first node, a communication endpoint for the second node from the node identifier; and
(b) sending the data from the first node to the communication endpoint. 10. A method as claimed in claim 9 wherein the communication endpoint and the node identifier comprise entries in a network map relating node identifiers for all the server nodes in the server cluster to corresponding communication endpoints, and wherein each of the server nodes in the server cluster persistently stores its own version of the network map locally. 11. A method as claimed in claim 10 wherein the network map permits each of the server nodes in the server cluster to send the data to any other of the server nodes in the server cluster without using a centralized server. 12. A method as claimed in claim 6 wherein the data is stored locally on the first node and further comprising modifying the data using the first node, wherein sending the data from the first node to the second node comprises part of synchronizing the data on the first and second nodes after the first node has modified the data. 13. A method as claimed in claim 12 wherein the data comprises version information generated using a causality versioning mechanism and different versions of the data are stored on the first and second nodes, and wherein synchronizing the data comprises comparing the version information stored on the first and second nodes and adopting on both of the first and second nodes the data whose version information indicates is more recent. 14. A method as claimed in claim 6 wherein the data comprises the node identifier of the first node, heartbeat state information of the first node, application state information of the first node, and version information, and wherein sending the data comprises disseminating the data to all the server nodes in the server cluster using a gossip protocol that performs data exchanges between pairs of the server nodes in the cluster. 15. A method as claimed in claim 14 wherein the data is periodically disseminated to all the server nodes in the server cluster. 16. A method as claimed in claim 14 wherein the data is sent to the second node when the first node joins the cluster. 17. A method as claimed in claim 14 wherein a domain populated with entries that can be modified by any of the server nodes in the server cluster is stored locally on each of the nodes in the server cluster, and further comprising generating the version information using a causality versioning mechanism such that the version information indicates which of the server nodes has most recently modified one of the entries. 18. A method as claimed in claim 17 wherein the application state information comprises a top-level hash generated by hashing all the entries in the domain. 19. A method as claimed in claim 18 further comprising:
(a) comparing, using the second node, the top-level hash with a top-level hash generated by hashing a version of a corresponding domain stored locally on the second node; and
(b) if the top-level hashes differ, synchronizing the domains on both the first and second nodes using the version information. 20. A method as claimed in claim 14 wherein a status entry that can only be modified by the first node is stored locally on the first node, and wherein the version information comprises a version number that the first node increments whenever it modifies the status entry. 21. A method as claimed in claim 20 wherein the application state information comprises a status entity pair comprising a status entity identifier that identifies the status entry and the version number. 22. A method as claimed in claim 21 further comprising:
(a) comparing, using the second node, the version number received from the first node with a version number of a corresponding status entry stored locally on the second node; and
(b) if the versions numbers differ, updating the status entry stored locally on the second node with the status entry stored locally on the first node. 23. A method as claimed in claim 22 wherein updating the status entry comprises sending from the first node to the second node additional status entries stored locally on the first node that were modified simultaneously with the status entry. 24. A method as claimed in claim 6 wherein the first and second nodes comprise at least part of a group of server nodes in the cluster to which the first node can send the data in a totally ordered manner to all of the server nodes in the group, and wherein sending the data comprises the first node sending the data to all of the server nodes in the group. 25. A method as claimed in claim 24 wherein the data comprises non-persistent data generated during the runtime of the physical security system. 26. A method as claimed in claim 6 wherein the data comprises streaming video streamed from another of the server nodes in the server cluster through the first node to the second node. 27. A system for sharing data in a physical security system, the system comprising a plurality of server nodes comprising a first node and a second node, wherein the first node comprises a processor communicatively coupled to a computer readable medium that has encoded thereon statements and instructions to cause the processor to perform a method comprising:
(a) accessing a node identifier identifying the second node, wherein the first and second nodes comprise at least part of a server cluster and wherein the node identifier comprises at least part of cluster membership information identifying all and accessible by all the server nodes in the server cluster; and (b) sending the data to the second node. 28. A non-transitory computer readable medium having encoded thereon statements and instructions to cause a processor to perform a method for sharing data in a physical security system that comprises a plurality of server nodes, the method comprising:
(a) accessing, using one of the server nodes (“first node”), a node identifier identifying another of the server nodes (“second node”), wherein the first and second nodes comprise at least part of a server cluster and wherein the node identifier comprises at least part of cluster membership information identifying all and accessible by all server nodes in the server cluster; and (b) sending the data from the first node to the second node. | 2,400 |
6,877 | 6,877 | 14,695,867 | 2,463 | Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a broadcast services platform includes a memory that stores operational instructions. A processor executes the operational instructions to: receive user data, the user data including a list of users and performance metric data corresponding to individual ones of the users; sort the list of the users in order of the performance metric data to generate a sorted list of the users; partition the sorted list of the users to generate a plurality of user groups; and generate network resource allocation data that allocates network resources to provide broadcast services to the users. Other embodiments are disclosed. | 1. A broadcast services platform comprising:
a memory that stores operational instructions; and a processor, coupled to the memory, that executes the operational instructions to:
receive user data, the user data including a list of users and performance metric data corresponding to individual ones of the users;
sort the list of the users in order of the performance metric data to generate a sorted list of the users;
partition the sorted list of the users to generate a plurality of user groups; and
generate network resource allocation data that allocates network resources to provide broadcast services to the users. 2. The broadcast services platform of claim 1 wherein the plurality of user groups include at least one multicast user group. 3. The broadcast services platform of claim 1 wherein partitioning the sorted list of the users includes determining if one of the plurality of user groups includes a single user, and allocating the network resources designates the single user, a unicast user, when the one of the plurality of user groups includes the single user. 4. The broadcast services platform of claim 1 wherein the performance metric includes one of: coding performance or channel performance. 5. The broadcast services platform of claim 1 wherein partitioning the sorted list of the users, generates a fixed number of user groups. 6. The broadcast services platform of claim 1 wherein partitioning the sorted list of the users, generates a variable number of user groups. 7. The broadcast services platform of claim 1 wherein sorting the list of the users in order of the performance metric data includes sorting the list of users as one of: asymptotically increasing values of the performance metric or asymptotically decreasing values of the performance metric. 8. The broadcast services platform of claim 1 wherein the list of the users corresponds to a plurality of mobile users. 9. The broadcast services platform of claim 1 wherein the network resource allocation data allocates wireless network resource to stream multimedia content to users on a selected one of: multicast basis or unicast basis. 10. The broadcast services platform of claim 1 wherein the plurality of user groups are generated by partitioning the sorted list of users recursively, and in accordance with a weighted utility function. 11. A method comprising:
receiving user data, the user data including a list of users and performance metric data corresponding to individual ones of the users; sorting the list of users in order of the performance metric data to generate a sorted list of the users; partitioning the sorted list of the users to generate a plurality of user groups; and generating network resource allocation data that allocates network resources to provide broadcast services to the users. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein the plurality of user groups include at least one multicast user group. 13. The method of claim 11 partitioning the sorted list of the users includes determining if one of the plurality of user groups includes a single user, and allocating the network resources designates the single user, a unicast user, when the one of the plurality of user groups includes the single user. 14. The method of claim 11 wherein the performance metric includes one of: coding performance or channel performance. 15. The method of claim 11 wherein partitioning the sorted list of the users, generates a fixed number of user groups. 16. The method of claim 11 wherein partitioning the sorted list of the users, generates a variable number of user groups. 17. The method of claim 11 wherein sorting the list of the users in order of the performance metric data includes sorting the list of users as one of: asymptotically increasing values of the performance metric or asymptotically decreasing values of the performance metric. 18. The method of claim 11 wherein the network resource allocation data allocates wireless network resource to stream multimedia content to users on a selected one of: multicast basis or unicast basis. 19. The method of claim 11 wherein the plurality of user groups are generated by partitioning the sorted list of users recursively, and in accordance with a weighted utility function. 20. An article of manufacture that includes a tangible storage medium that stores operational instructions, that when executed by a processor, causes the processor to:
receive user data, the user data including a list of users and performance metric data corresponding to individual ones of the users; sort the list of the users in order of the performance metric data to generate a sorted list of the users; partition the sorted list of the users to generate a plurality of user groups; and generate network resource allocation data that allocates network resources to provide broadcast services to the users. | Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a broadcast services platform includes a memory that stores operational instructions. A processor executes the operational instructions to: receive user data, the user data including a list of users and performance metric data corresponding to individual ones of the users; sort the list of the users in order of the performance metric data to generate a sorted list of the users; partition the sorted list of the users to generate a plurality of user groups; and generate network resource allocation data that allocates network resources to provide broadcast services to the users. Other embodiments are disclosed.1. A broadcast services platform comprising:
a memory that stores operational instructions; and a processor, coupled to the memory, that executes the operational instructions to:
receive user data, the user data including a list of users and performance metric data corresponding to individual ones of the users;
sort the list of the users in order of the performance metric data to generate a sorted list of the users;
partition the sorted list of the users to generate a plurality of user groups; and
generate network resource allocation data that allocates network resources to provide broadcast services to the users. 2. The broadcast services platform of claim 1 wherein the plurality of user groups include at least one multicast user group. 3. The broadcast services platform of claim 1 wherein partitioning the sorted list of the users includes determining if one of the plurality of user groups includes a single user, and allocating the network resources designates the single user, a unicast user, when the one of the plurality of user groups includes the single user. 4. The broadcast services platform of claim 1 wherein the performance metric includes one of: coding performance or channel performance. 5. The broadcast services platform of claim 1 wherein partitioning the sorted list of the users, generates a fixed number of user groups. 6. The broadcast services platform of claim 1 wherein partitioning the sorted list of the users, generates a variable number of user groups. 7. The broadcast services platform of claim 1 wherein sorting the list of the users in order of the performance metric data includes sorting the list of users as one of: asymptotically increasing values of the performance metric or asymptotically decreasing values of the performance metric. 8. The broadcast services platform of claim 1 wherein the list of the users corresponds to a plurality of mobile users. 9. The broadcast services platform of claim 1 wherein the network resource allocation data allocates wireless network resource to stream multimedia content to users on a selected one of: multicast basis or unicast basis. 10. The broadcast services platform of claim 1 wherein the plurality of user groups are generated by partitioning the sorted list of users recursively, and in accordance with a weighted utility function. 11. A method comprising:
receiving user data, the user data including a list of users and performance metric data corresponding to individual ones of the users; sorting the list of users in order of the performance metric data to generate a sorted list of the users; partitioning the sorted list of the users to generate a plurality of user groups; and generating network resource allocation data that allocates network resources to provide broadcast services to the users. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein the plurality of user groups include at least one multicast user group. 13. The method of claim 11 partitioning the sorted list of the users includes determining if one of the plurality of user groups includes a single user, and allocating the network resources designates the single user, a unicast user, when the one of the plurality of user groups includes the single user. 14. The method of claim 11 wherein the performance metric includes one of: coding performance or channel performance. 15. The method of claim 11 wherein partitioning the sorted list of the users, generates a fixed number of user groups. 16. The method of claim 11 wherein partitioning the sorted list of the users, generates a variable number of user groups. 17. The method of claim 11 wherein sorting the list of the users in order of the performance metric data includes sorting the list of users as one of: asymptotically increasing values of the performance metric or asymptotically decreasing values of the performance metric. 18. The method of claim 11 wherein the network resource allocation data allocates wireless network resource to stream multimedia content to users on a selected one of: multicast basis or unicast basis. 19. The method of claim 11 wherein the plurality of user groups are generated by partitioning the sorted list of users recursively, and in accordance with a weighted utility function. 20. An article of manufacture that includes a tangible storage medium that stores operational instructions, that when executed by a processor, causes the processor to:
receive user data, the user data including a list of users and performance metric data corresponding to individual ones of the users; sort the list of the users in order of the performance metric data to generate a sorted list of the users; partition the sorted list of the users to generate a plurality of user groups; and generate network resource allocation data that allocates network resources to provide broadcast services to the users. | 2,400 |
6,878 | 6,878 | 13,815,040 | 2,454 | Streaming media, such as audio or video files, is sent via the Internet. The media are immediately played on a user's computer. Audio/video data is transmitted from the server under control of a transport mechanism. A server buffer is prefilled with a predetermined amount of the audio/video data. When the transport mechanism causes data to be sent to the user's computer, it is sent more rapidly than it is played out by the user system. The audio/video data in the user buffer accumulates; and interruptions in playback as well as temporary modem delays are avoided. | 1. A method for distributing via the Internet streaming media encoded as a plurality of sequential frames adapted for playback at a predetermined playback rate and comprising a plurality of sequential data elements, said method comprising:
receiving via data communications at a server a request from a user for the streaming media; filling a server buffer allocated in a memory of the server, from a media source, at a constant fill rate equal to the playback rate; when the server buffer is filled to a predetermined level, beginning delivery of the streaming media to the user; using a transport mechanism of the server to send sequential data elements of the streaming media from the server buffer to the user; and whenever, after said beginning delivery of the streaming media to the user, there is data in the server buffer, sending to the user as much of said streaming media data as said transport mechanism will accept, at a sending rate in excess of the playback rate. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the streaming media is encoded at a constant bit rate. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the streaming media is encoded at a variable bit rate. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the streaming media is provided from a live broadcast. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the streaming media is provided from a file local to the server. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising initially filling the server buffer by a disk read operation. 7. The method of claim 5, further comprising adding data to the server buffer by moving a data window through memory. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the streaming media is distributed to a plurality of user systems, further comprising, for each of the plurality of user systems, maintaining a record of the last streaming media data element that had been sent to the user system, and using the record to identify the next streaming media data element to be sent to the user system. 9. A server for distributing via the Internet streaming media encoded as a plurality of sequential frames adapted for playback at a predetermined playback rate and comprising a plurality of sequential data elements, said server comprising:
at least one data storage device, memory for storing machine-readable executable routines and for providing a working memory area for routines executing on the server, a central processing unit for executing the machine-readable executable routines, an operating system, at least one connection to the Internet, and a communications system providing a set of communications protocols for communicating over the Internet including a transport mechanism operating in accordance with a reliable transport protocol; a server buffer established in said memory for buffering sequential media data elements; a machine-readable, executable routine stored in said memory, containing instructions to cause the server to receive via data communications a request from a user for the streaming media; a machine-readable, executable routine stored in said memory, containing instructions to cause the server to fill the server buffer, from a media source, at a constant fill rate equal to the playback rate; a machine-readable, executable routine stored in said memory, containing instructions to cause the server to begin delivery of the streaming media to the user when the server buffer is filled to a predetermined level; and a machine-readable, executable routine stored in said memory, containing instructions to cause the server, whenever, from and after said beginning of sending streaming media to the user, there is data in the server buffer, to use the transport mechanism provided by the server to send as much of the streaming media data as said transport mechanism will accept, from the server buffer to the user, over said connection to the Internet, at a sending rate in excess of the playback rate. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the streaming media is encoded at a constant bit rate. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the streaming media is encoded at a variable bit rate. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein the streaming media is provided from a live broadcast. 13. The system of claim 9, wherein the streaming media is provided from a file local to the server. 14. The system of claim 13, further comprising a machine-readable, executable routine stored in said memory, containing instructions to cause the server to initially fill the server buffer by a disk read operation. 15. The system of claim 13, further comprising a machine-readable, executable routine stored in said memory, containing instructions to cause the server to add data to the server buffer by moving a data window through memory. 16. The system of claim 9, wherein the system distributes the streaming media to a plurality of user systems, further comprising a machine-readable, executable routine stored in said memory, containing instructions to cause the server to maintain a record of the last streaming media data element that had been sent to each of the plurality of user systems, and to use the record to identify the next streaming media data element to be sent to the user system. 17. A non-transitory machine-readable medium on which there has been recorded a computer program for use in operating a server for distributing via the Internet streaming media encoded as a plurality of sequential frames adapted for playback at a specified playback rate and comprising a plurality of sequential data elements, the server providing at least one connection to the Internet, and a communications system providing a set of communications protocols for communicating over the Internet including a transport mechanism operating in accordance with a reliable transport protocol implemented in the server, said program recorded on said machine readable medium comprising:
a routine containing instructions to cause the server to receive via data communications a request from a user for the streaming media; a routine containing instructions to cause the server to fill the server buffer, from a media source, at a constant fill rate equal to the playback rate; a routine containing instructions to cause the server to begin delivery of the streaming media to the user when the server buffer is filled to a predetermined level; and a routine containing instructions to cause the server, whenever, from and after said beginning of sending streaming media to the user, there is data in the server buffer, to use the transport mechanism provided by the server to send as much of the streaming media data as said transport mechanism will accept, from the server buffer to the user, over said connection to the Internet, at a sending rate in excess of the playback rate. 18. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the streaming media is encoded at a constant bit rate. 19. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the streaming media is encoded at a variable bit rate. 20. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the streaming media is provided from a live broadcast. 21. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the streaming media is provided from a file local to the server. 22. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 21, wherein the computer program recorded thereon further comprises a routine containing instructions to cause the server to initially fill the server buffer by a disk read operation. 23. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 21, wherein the computer program recorded thereon further comprises a routine containing instructions to cause the server to add data to the server buffer by moving a data window through memory. 24. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the computer program recorded thereon supports streaming to a plurality of users from the same server buffer, and further comprises a routine containing instructions to cause the server to maintain a record of the last streaming media data element that had been sent to each of the plurality of user systems, and to use the record to identify the next streaming media data element to be sent to the user system. | Streaming media, such as audio or video files, is sent via the Internet. The media are immediately played on a user's computer. Audio/video data is transmitted from the server under control of a transport mechanism. A server buffer is prefilled with a predetermined amount of the audio/video data. When the transport mechanism causes data to be sent to the user's computer, it is sent more rapidly than it is played out by the user system. The audio/video data in the user buffer accumulates; and interruptions in playback as well as temporary modem delays are avoided.1. A method for distributing via the Internet streaming media encoded as a plurality of sequential frames adapted for playback at a predetermined playback rate and comprising a plurality of sequential data elements, said method comprising:
receiving via data communications at a server a request from a user for the streaming media; filling a server buffer allocated in a memory of the server, from a media source, at a constant fill rate equal to the playback rate; when the server buffer is filled to a predetermined level, beginning delivery of the streaming media to the user; using a transport mechanism of the server to send sequential data elements of the streaming media from the server buffer to the user; and whenever, after said beginning delivery of the streaming media to the user, there is data in the server buffer, sending to the user as much of said streaming media data as said transport mechanism will accept, at a sending rate in excess of the playback rate. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the streaming media is encoded at a constant bit rate. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the streaming media is encoded at a variable bit rate. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the streaming media is provided from a live broadcast. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the streaming media is provided from a file local to the server. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising initially filling the server buffer by a disk read operation. 7. The method of claim 5, further comprising adding data to the server buffer by moving a data window through memory. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the streaming media is distributed to a plurality of user systems, further comprising, for each of the plurality of user systems, maintaining a record of the last streaming media data element that had been sent to the user system, and using the record to identify the next streaming media data element to be sent to the user system. 9. A server for distributing via the Internet streaming media encoded as a plurality of sequential frames adapted for playback at a predetermined playback rate and comprising a plurality of sequential data elements, said server comprising:
at least one data storage device, memory for storing machine-readable executable routines and for providing a working memory area for routines executing on the server, a central processing unit for executing the machine-readable executable routines, an operating system, at least one connection to the Internet, and a communications system providing a set of communications protocols for communicating over the Internet including a transport mechanism operating in accordance with a reliable transport protocol; a server buffer established in said memory for buffering sequential media data elements; a machine-readable, executable routine stored in said memory, containing instructions to cause the server to receive via data communications a request from a user for the streaming media; a machine-readable, executable routine stored in said memory, containing instructions to cause the server to fill the server buffer, from a media source, at a constant fill rate equal to the playback rate; a machine-readable, executable routine stored in said memory, containing instructions to cause the server to begin delivery of the streaming media to the user when the server buffer is filled to a predetermined level; and a machine-readable, executable routine stored in said memory, containing instructions to cause the server, whenever, from and after said beginning of sending streaming media to the user, there is data in the server buffer, to use the transport mechanism provided by the server to send as much of the streaming media data as said transport mechanism will accept, from the server buffer to the user, over said connection to the Internet, at a sending rate in excess of the playback rate. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the streaming media is encoded at a constant bit rate. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the streaming media is encoded at a variable bit rate. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein the streaming media is provided from a live broadcast. 13. The system of claim 9, wherein the streaming media is provided from a file local to the server. 14. The system of claim 13, further comprising a machine-readable, executable routine stored in said memory, containing instructions to cause the server to initially fill the server buffer by a disk read operation. 15. The system of claim 13, further comprising a machine-readable, executable routine stored in said memory, containing instructions to cause the server to add data to the server buffer by moving a data window through memory. 16. The system of claim 9, wherein the system distributes the streaming media to a plurality of user systems, further comprising a machine-readable, executable routine stored in said memory, containing instructions to cause the server to maintain a record of the last streaming media data element that had been sent to each of the plurality of user systems, and to use the record to identify the next streaming media data element to be sent to the user system. 17. A non-transitory machine-readable medium on which there has been recorded a computer program for use in operating a server for distributing via the Internet streaming media encoded as a plurality of sequential frames adapted for playback at a specified playback rate and comprising a plurality of sequential data elements, the server providing at least one connection to the Internet, and a communications system providing a set of communications protocols for communicating over the Internet including a transport mechanism operating in accordance with a reliable transport protocol implemented in the server, said program recorded on said machine readable medium comprising:
a routine containing instructions to cause the server to receive via data communications a request from a user for the streaming media; a routine containing instructions to cause the server to fill the server buffer, from a media source, at a constant fill rate equal to the playback rate; a routine containing instructions to cause the server to begin delivery of the streaming media to the user when the server buffer is filled to a predetermined level; and a routine containing instructions to cause the server, whenever, from and after said beginning of sending streaming media to the user, there is data in the server buffer, to use the transport mechanism provided by the server to send as much of the streaming media data as said transport mechanism will accept, from the server buffer to the user, over said connection to the Internet, at a sending rate in excess of the playback rate. 18. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the streaming media is encoded at a constant bit rate. 19. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the streaming media is encoded at a variable bit rate. 20. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the streaming media is provided from a live broadcast. 21. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the streaming media is provided from a file local to the server. 22. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 21, wherein the computer program recorded thereon further comprises a routine containing instructions to cause the server to initially fill the server buffer by a disk read operation. 23. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 21, wherein the computer program recorded thereon further comprises a routine containing instructions to cause the server to add data to the server buffer by moving a data window through memory. 24. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the computer program recorded thereon supports streaming to a plurality of users from the same server buffer, and further comprises a routine containing instructions to cause the server to maintain a record of the last streaming media data element that had been sent to each of the plurality of user systems, and to use the record to identify the next streaming media data element to be sent to the user system. | 2,400 |
6,879 | 6,879 | 13,866,257 | 2,434 | A method and apparatus is provided for the operation of a secure and deduplicated write once read many virtual disk which exceeds the write performance of traditional cryptographic methods. This is achieved through the utilization of a time-memory tradeoff via the empty space on a virtual disk at format time. Traditionally empty space is zeroed to indicate that data is not present. When implementing the apparatus, the empty space is filled with the output of a symmetric-key algorithm uniquely keyed for that specific disk. From an information theoretic point of view, the format operation stores cryptographically structured data, rather than purely redundant data, enabling the write operation that encodes data to be stored on the disk to operate without additional cryptographic computation. This reduced computation requirement for encoding enables the computation required deduplication to operate as if encoding was not being performed, resulting in a net throughput increase. | 1. A secure and deduplicated write once read many data storage system comprising:
a format operation where a logical set of bytes on a memory resident write once read many virtual disk are initialized with the output of a symmetric-key algorithm operating in a block cipher mode where blocks can be encrypted in parallel; and a write operation where a logical set of bytes are deduplicated encoded and written to a memory resident write once read many virtual disk; and a read operation where a logical set of bytes are read decoded and reduplicated from a memory resident write once read many virtual disk. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein memory resident means a set of bytes physically located in a processor cache or random access memory. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein memory resident means a set of bytes physically located on a solid state memory device. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein block cipher mode means a symmetric-key algorithm operating in counter mode or an authenticated mode that can operate in parallel. 5. A method for formatting a secure and deduplicated write once read many virtual disk comprising:
a keying operation where a random number is generated and used to key a symmetric-key algorithm; and an initialization operation where each byte of virtual disk is formatted with consecutive values from a keystream computed using a symmetric-key algorithm rather than redundant values. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein a random number is generated using a hardware based random number generator. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein a random number is generated using a software based pseudorandom number generator. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein symmetric-key algorithm means the Advanced Encryption Standard operating in counter mode an authenticated mode that can operate in parallel. 9. The method of claim 5, wherein symmetric-key algorithm means an arbitrary symmetric-key algorithm operating in counter mode an authenticated mode that can operate in parallel. 10. The method of claim 5, wherein said initialization operation is performed using multiple processors, multiple cores on a single processor, or multiple cores on multiple processors in parallel. 11. A method for writing to and reading bytes from a secure and deduplicated write once read many virtual disk comprising:
a write operation where bytes are deduplicated then encoded using keystream values from a previous format operation before being written to virtual disk; and each byte written to virtual disk replaces the corresponding keystream byte which was used to encode by writing encoded byte to the same location on said virtual disk; and a read operation where bytes are decoded using a symmetric-key algorithm operating in real time and then reduplicated. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein deduplicated means each byte of data is compressed using a specialized technique for eliminating duplicate copies of redundant data. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein encoded means each byte of data is combined with a corresponding byte of keystream using an exclusive or operation. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein decoded means each byte of data is combined with a corresponding byte of output from a symmetric-key algorithm using an exclusive or operation. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein reduplicated means each byte of data is uncompressed using a specialized technique for reconstructing to original form of data deduplicated by a previous write operation. | A method and apparatus is provided for the operation of a secure and deduplicated write once read many virtual disk which exceeds the write performance of traditional cryptographic methods. This is achieved through the utilization of a time-memory tradeoff via the empty space on a virtual disk at format time. Traditionally empty space is zeroed to indicate that data is not present. When implementing the apparatus, the empty space is filled with the output of a symmetric-key algorithm uniquely keyed for that specific disk. From an information theoretic point of view, the format operation stores cryptographically structured data, rather than purely redundant data, enabling the write operation that encodes data to be stored on the disk to operate without additional cryptographic computation. This reduced computation requirement for encoding enables the computation required deduplication to operate as if encoding was not being performed, resulting in a net throughput increase.1. A secure and deduplicated write once read many data storage system comprising:
a format operation where a logical set of bytes on a memory resident write once read many virtual disk are initialized with the output of a symmetric-key algorithm operating in a block cipher mode where blocks can be encrypted in parallel; and a write operation where a logical set of bytes are deduplicated encoded and written to a memory resident write once read many virtual disk; and a read operation where a logical set of bytes are read decoded and reduplicated from a memory resident write once read many virtual disk. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein memory resident means a set of bytes physically located in a processor cache or random access memory. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein memory resident means a set of bytes physically located on a solid state memory device. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein block cipher mode means a symmetric-key algorithm operating in counter mode or an authenticated mode that can operate in parallel. 5. A method for formatting a secure and deduplicated write once read many virtual disk comprising:
a keying operation where a random number is generated and used to key a symmetric-key algorithm; and an initialization operation where each byte of virtual disk is formatted with consecutive values from a keystream computed using a symmetric-key algorithm rather than redundant values. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein a random number is generated using a hardware based random number generator. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein a random number is generated using a software based pseudorandom number generator. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein symmetric-key algorithm means the Advanced Encryption Standard operating in counter mode an authenticated mode that can operate in parallel. 9. The method of claim 5, wherein symmetric-key algorithm means an arbitrary symmetric-key algorithm operating in counter mode an authenticated mode that can operate in parallel. 10. The method of claim 5, wherein said initialization operation is performed using multiple processors, multiple cores on a single processor, or multiple cores on multiple processors in parallel. 11. A method for writing to and reading bytes from a secure and deduplicated write once read many virtual disk comprising:
a write operation where bytes are deduplicated then encoded using keystream values from a previous format operation before being written to virtual disk; and each byte written to virtual disk replaces the corresponding keystream byte which was used to encode by writing encoded byte to the same location on said virtual disk; and a read operation where bytes are decoded using a symmetric-key algorithm operating in real time and then reduplicated. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein deduplicated means each byte of data is compressed using a specialized technique for eliminating duplicate copies of redundant data. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein encoded means each byte of data is combined with a corresponding byte of keystream using an exclusive or operation. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein decoded means each byte of data is combined with a corresponding byte of output from a symmetric-key algorithm using an exclusive or operation. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein reduplicated means each byte of data is uncompressed using a specialized technique for reconstructing to original form of data deduplicated by a previous write operation. | 2,400 |
6,880 | 6,880 | 14,337,184 | 2,478 | For seamless mobility, at least one communication parameter to associate with a BSSID is selected. A beacon is sent from a first access point to advertise its presence, wherein the beacon comprises the BSSID associated with the at least one communication parameter. Responsive to the mobile station choosing the BSSID being advertised in the beacon sent from the first access point, a uniquely assign the BSSID is selected for a mobile station. The first access point from the plurality of access points is associated with the mobile station persistently. Associating is made as selected by the system coordinator, the uniquely assigned BSSID being independent of an identify of mobile station and being eligible for subsequent assignment to a different mobile station as determined by the system coordinator. | 1. A computer-implemented method in a system coordinator to provide seamless mobility to an end point in a wireless network by with the use of a persistent, uniquely-assigned BSSID (Basic Service Set Identifier), the method comprising:
selecting at least one communication parameter to associate with a BSSID; sending a beacon from a first access point to advertise its presence, wherein the beacon comprises the BSSID associated with the at least one communication parameter; responsive to the mobile station choosing the BSSID being advertised in the beacon sent from the first access point, selecting to uniquely assign the BSSID to a mobile station; and associating the first access point from the plurality of access points with the mobile station persistently and associating is made as selected by the system coordinator, the uniquely assigned BSSID being independent of an identify of mobile station and being eligible for subsequent assignment to a different mobile station as determined by the system coordinator. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein associating the mobile station comprises:
associating the mobile station with the first access point in a wireless network using the uniquely-assigned BSSID among a plurality of stored uniquely assigned BSSIDs assigned to a plurality of mobile devices. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein associating the mobile station comprises:
associating the mobile station with the first access point in a wireless network using the uniquely-assigned BSSID among a plurality of stored uniquely assigned BSSIDs assigned to a plurality of mobile devices, wherein the plurality of stored uniquely-assigned BSSIDs are stored at the first access point to facilitate communication between the first access point and the plurality of mobile devices. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein associating the mobile station comprises:
associating the mobile station with the first access point among the plurality of access points in the wireless network using the BSSID that is uniquely assigned to the mobile station, wherein the mobile station operates according to a protocol in which the mobile station natively selects access points with which to communicate. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein associating the mobile station further comprises:
associating the mobile station with the first access point, wherein the mobile station is within range of at least two access points of the plurality of access points. responsive to load optimization among components of the wireless network, from a global perspective of all mobile devices and all access points, handing-off the mobile station from the first access point to the second access point. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
sending the beacon from the first access point to advertise its presence, wherein the beacon comprises multiple BSSIDs. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting the first access point from the plurality of access points comprises:
selecting the first access point from the plurality of access points based on characteristics of communication by the mobile station. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein determining that the mobile station should be handed-off from the first access point to the second access point among the plurality of access points:
determining that the mobile station should be handed-off from the first access point to the second access point among the plurality of access points to change an interference pattern of the plurality of access points for optimizing aggregate utilization of a shared spectrum. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprises the uniquely-assigned BSSID from a plurality of persistent, uniquely-assigned BSSIDs to associate with the mobile station based on one or more communication parameters of the uniquely-assigned BSSID selected from the group of:
access control parameters, backoff or retry parameters, channel selection parameters, QoS parameters, and transit power parameters. 10. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
selecting at least one communication parameter to associate with a BSSID (Basic Service Set Identifier); sending a beacon from an access point to advertise its presence, wherein the beacon comprises the BSSID associated with the at least one communication parameter; uniquely assigning the BSSID to a mobile station, the BSSID being advertised in the beacon and being independent of an identity of the mobile station for subsequent assignment of a different mobile station. associating a mobile station with a first access point among a plurality of access points in a wireless network for communication using BBSID; 11. At least one non-transitory computer program product that when executed by a processor performs a method in a system coordinator to provide seamless mobility to an end point in a wireless network by with the use of a persistent, uniquely-assigned BSSID (Basic Service Set Identifier), the method comprising:
selecting at least one communication parameter to associate with a BSSID; sending a beacon from a first access point to advertise its presence, wherein the beacon comprises the BSSID associated with the at least one communication parameter; responsive to the mobile station choosing the BSSID being advertised in the beacon sent from the first access point, selecting to uniquely assign the BSSID to a mobile station; and associating the first access point from the plurality of access points with the mobile station persistently and associating is made as selected by the system coordinator, the uniquely assigned BSSID being independent of an identify of mobile station and being eligible for subsequent assignment to a different mobile station as determined by the system coordinator. 12. A system coordinator to provide seamless mobility to an end point in a wireless network by controlling soft handoffs of the end point among access points with the use of a persistent, uniquely-assigned BSSID (Basic Service Set Identifier), comprising:
a process; and a memory, comprising:
a first module to select at least one communication parameter to associate with a BSSID;
a second module to send a beacon from a first access point to advertise its presence, wherein the beacon comprises the BSSID associated with the at least one communication parameter;
a third module to responsive to the mobile station choosing the BSSID being advertised in the beacon sent from the first access point, select to uniquely assign the BSSID to a mobile station; and
a fourth module to associate the first access point from the plurality of access points with the mobile station wherein associating comprises using the uniquely-assigned BSSID with the mobile station persistently and associating is made as selected by the system coordinator, the uniquely assigned BSSID being independent of an identify of mobile station and being eligible for subsequent assignment to a different mobile station as determined by the system coordinator. | For seamless mobility, at least one communication parameter to associate with a BSSID is selected. A beacon is sent from a first access point to advertise its presence, wherein the beacon comprises the BSSID associated with the at least one communication parameter. Responsive to the mobile station choosing the BSSID being advertised in the beacon sent from the first access point, a uniquely assign the BSSID is selected for a mobile station. The first access point from the plurality of access points is associated with the mobile station persistently. Associating is made as selected by the system coordinator, the uniquely assigned BSSID being independent of an identify of mobile station and being eligible for subsequent assignment to a different mobile station as determined by the system coordinator.1. A computer-implemented method in a system coordinator to provide seamless mobility to an end point in a wireless network by with the use of a persistent, uniquely-assigned BSSID (Basic Service Set Identifier), the method comprising:
selecting at least one communication parameter to associate with a BSSID; sending a beacon from a first access point to advertise its presence, wherein the beacon comprises the BSSID associated with the at least one communication parameter; responsive to the mobile station choosing the BSSID being advertised in the beacon sent from the first access point, selecting to uniquely assign the BSSID to a mobile station; and associating the first access point from the plurality of access points with the mobile station persistently and associating is made as selected by the system coordinator, the uniquely assigned BSSID being independent of an identify of mobile station and being eligible for subsequent assignment to a different mobile station as determined by the system coordinator. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein associating the mobile station comprises:
associating the mobile station with the first access point in a wireless network using the uniquely-assigned BSSID among a plurality of stored uniquely assigned BSSIDs assigned to a plurality of mobile devices. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein associating the mobile station comprises:
associating the mobile station with the first access point in a wireless network using the uniquely-assigned BSSID among a plurality of stored uniquely assigned BSSIDs assigned to a plurality of mobile devices, wherein the plurality of stored uniquely-assigned BSSIDs are stored at the first access point to facilitate communication between the first access point and the plurality of mobile devices. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein associating the mobile station comprises:
associating the mobile station with the first access point among the plurality of access points in the wireless network using the BSSID that is uniquely assigned to the mobile station, wherein the mobile station operates according to a protocol in which the mobile station natively selects access points with which to communicate. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein associating the mobile station further comprises:
associating the mobile station with the first access point, wherein the mobile station is within range of at least two access points of the plurality of access points. responsive to load optimization among components of the wireless network, from a global perspective of all mobile devices and all access points, handing-off the mobile station from the first access point to the second access point. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
sending the beacon from the first access point to advertise its presence, wherein the beacon comprises multiple BSSIDs. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting the first access point from the plurality of access points comprises:
selecting the first access point from the plurality of access points based on characteristics of communication by the mobile station. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein determining that the mobile station should be handed-off from the first access point to the second access point among the plurality of access points:
determining that the mobile station should be handed-off from the first access point to the second access point among the plurality of access points to change an interference pattern of the plurality of access points for optimizing aggregate utilization of a shared spectrum. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprises the uniquely-assigned BSSID from a plurality of persistent, uniquely-assigned BSSIDs to associate with the mobile station based on one or more communication parameters of the uniquely-assigned BSSID selected from the group of:
access control parameters, backoff or retry parameters, channel selection parameters, QoS parameters, and transit power parameters. 10. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
selecting at least one communication parameter to associate with a BSSID (Basic Service Set Identifier); sending a beacon from an access point to advertise its presence, wherein the beacon comprises the BSSID associated with the at least one communication parameter; uniquely assigning the BSSID to a mobile station, the BSSID being advertised in the beacon and being independent of an identity of the mobile station for subsequent assignment of a different mobile station. associating a mobile station with a first access point among a plurality of access points in a wireless network for communication using BBSID; 11. At least one non-transitory computer program product that when executed by a processor performs a method in a system coordinator to provide seamless mobility to an end point in a wireless network by with the use of a persistent, uniquely-assigned BSSID (Basic Service Set Identifier), the method comprising:
selecting at least one communication parameter to associate with a BSSID; sending a beacon from a first access point to advertise its presence, wherein the beacon comprises the BSSID associated with the at least one communication parameter; responsive to the mobile station choosing the BSSID being advertised in the beacon sent from the first access point, selecting to uniquely assign the BSSID to a mobile station; and associating the first access point from the plurality of access points with the mobile station persistently and associating is made as selected by the system coordinator, the uniquely assigned BSSID being independent of an identify of mobile station and being eligible for subsequent assignment to a different mobile station as determined by the system coordinator. 12. A system coordinator to provide seamless mobility to an end point in a wireless network by controlling soft handoffs of the end point among access points with the use of a persistent, uniquely-assigned BSSID (Basic Service Set Identifier), comprising:
a process; and a memory, comprising:
a first module to select at least one communication parameter to associate with a BSSID;
a second module to send a beacon from a first access point to advertise its presence, wherein the beacon comprises the BSSID associated with the at least one communication parameter;
a third module to responsive to the mobile station choosing the BSSID being advertised in the beacon sent from the first access point, select to uniquely assign the BSSID to a mobile station; and
a fourth module to associate the first access point from the plurality of access points with the mobile station wherein associating comprises using the uniquely-assigned BSSID with the mobile station persistently and associating is made as selected by the system coordinator, the uniquely assigned BSSID being independent of an identify of mobile station and being eligible for subsequent assignment to a different mobile station as determined by the system coordinator. | 2,400 |
6,881 | 6,881 | 11,607,511 | 2,482 | Apparatus for capturing images while in motion, including at least one CCD camera housed within an aircraft traveling along a flight path, for capturing aerial images of ground terrain, a motor for rotating an axis on which the at least one CCD camera is mounted, and for generating a sweeping back-and-forth motion for a field of view of the at least one CCD camera, the sweeping motion being transverse to the aircraft flight path, and an optical assembly connected to said at least one CCD camera. | 1. Apparatus for capturing images while in motion, comprising:
at least one camera having a digital sensor, housed within an aircraft traveling along a flight path, for capturing aerial images of ground terrain; a motor for rotating an axis on which said at least one camera is mounted, and for generating a sweeping back-and-forth motion for a field of view of said at least one camera, the sweeping motion having a component transverse to the aircraft flight path; an optical assembly connected to said at least one camera, said optical assembly including: a piezoelectric tilt platform; and a first mirror mounted on said tilt platform, wherein said motor rotates said at least one camera continuously, and wherein said tilt platform tilts said first mirror in two dimensions so as to stabilize the camera's line of sight and compensate for motion of said at least one camera. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said optical assembly comprises a scattering liquid crystal shutter. 3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said optical assembly comprises a polarizer liquid crystal shutter. 4. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein said folding optical system has an approximate focal length of 300 mm. 5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said camera has a capture resolution of approximately 11 megapixels. 6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein said camera has a capture resolution of approximately 2672×4000 pixels. 7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said camera has a frame rate of 3-10 frames per second. 8. (canceled) 9. A method for generating a camera model, comprising:
transporting at least one camera, that includes a digital sensor, along a flight path above a ground scene; capturing a plurality of ground scene images as the line of sight of the at least one camera sweeps across portions of the ground scene; deriving a synthetic photogrammetric camera model from the plurality of images; and combining the plurality of images with reference to a digital terrain model to derive a single continuous image of the ground scene, wherein the single continuous image is coherently defined in terms of the photogrammetric camera model. 10. The method of claim 9 further comprising combining overlapping images captured from said transporting when the at least one camera is transported along a single leg of the flight path, to provide stereoscopic coverage of a portion of the ground scene, and wherein said deriving also derives a stereoscopic model between two sweeps. 11. The method of claim 10 wherein the stereoscopic model is derived from the photogrammetric camera model using panoramic projection. 12. The method of claim 9 wherein the accuracy of the photogrammetric camera model for the single continuous image is substantially identical to the accuracy of the camera model for the plurality of images. 13. A method for image compression, comprising:
receiving an image captured by a camera with a Bayer color CCD sensor at an original resolution; separating the captured image into 1 red, 1 blue and 2 green color channels, where each of the color channels has a resolution that is ¼ of the original resolution; and compressing each of the color channels using grayscale image compression. 14. The method of claim 10 further comprising generating a stereo panorama image from the single continuous image, the panorama having a field of view of up to 140°. 15. The method of claim 10 further comprising generating a stereo panorama image from the single continuous image, wherein said transporting transports the at least one camera at an altitude of up to 50,000 ft. 16. The method of claim 10 further comprising generating a stereo panorama image from the single continuous image, wherein said transporting transports the at least one camera at a velocity of up to 500 knots. 17. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said optical assembly also includes a second minor, said tilt platform and said first and second mirrors forming at least a portion of a mirror-based folding optical system 18. (canceled) 19. The method of claim 9 further comprising combining overlapping images captured from said transporting when the at least one camera is transported along a plurality of legs of the flight path, to provide stereoscopic coverage of a portion of the ground scene, and wherein said deriving also derives a stereoscopic model between the two adjacent said legs. 20. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein only said tilt platform tilts said first mirror in said two dimensions. 21. Apparatus for capturing images while in motion, comprising:
at least one camera having a digital sensor, housed within an aircraft traveling along a flight path, for capturing aerial images of ground terrain; a motor for rotating an axis on which said at least one camera is mounted, and for generating a sweeping back-and-forth motion for a field of view of said at least one camera, the sweeping motion having a component transverse to the aircraft flight path; an optical assembly connected to said at least one camera, said optical assembly including: a tilt platform; and a first mirror mounted on said tilt platform, wherein said motor rotates said at least one camera continuously, and wherein said tilt platform moves independently of said motor to tilt said first mirror in two dimensions so as to stabilize the camera's line of sight and compensate for motion of said at least one camera. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein said motion, of said at least one camera, for which said tilt platform compensates, includes continuous camera motion generated by said motor and forward motion generated by said traveling of said aircraft along said flight path. | Apparatus for capturing images while in motion, including at least one CCD camera housed within an aircraft traveling along a flight path, for capturing aerial images of ground terrain, a motor for rotating an axis on which the at least one CCD camera is mounted, and for generating a sweeping back-and-forth motion for a field of view of the at least one CCD camera, the sweeping motion being transverse to the aircraft flight path, and an optical assembly connected to said at least one CCD camera.1. Apparatus for capturing images while in motion, comprising:
at least one camera having a digital sensor, housed within an aircraft traveling along a flight path, for capturing aerial images of ground terrain; a motor for rotating an axis on which said at least one camera is mounted, and for generating a sweeping back-and-forth motion for a field of view of said at least one camera, the sweeping motion having a component transverse to the aircraft flight path; an optical assembly connected to said at least one camera, said optical assembly including: a piezoelectric tilt platform; and a first mirror mounted on said tilt platform, wherein said motor rotates said at least one camera continuously, and wherein said tilt platform tilts said first mirror in two dimensions so as to stabilize the camera's line of sight and compensate for motion of said at least one camera. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said optical assembly comprises a scattering liquid crystal shutter. 3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said optical assembly comprises a polarizer liquid crystal shutter. 4. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein said folding optical system has an approximate focal length of 300 mm. 5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said camera has a capture resolution of approximately 11 megapixels. 6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein said camera has a capture resolution of approximately 2672×4000 pixels. 7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said camera has a frame rate of 3-10 frames per second. 8. (canceled) 9. A method for generating a camera model, comprising:
transporting at least one camera, that includes a digital sensor, along a flight path above a ground scene; capturing a plurality of ground scene images as the line of sight of the at least one camera sweeps across portions of the ground scene; deriving a synthetic photogrammetric camera model from the plurality of images; and combining the plurality of images with reference to a digital terrain model to derive a single continuous image of the ground scene, wherein the single continuous image is coherently defined in terms of the photogrammetric camera model. 10. The method of claim 9 further comprising combining overlapping images captured from said transporting when the at least one camera is transported along a single leg of the flight path, to provide stereoscopic coverage of a portion of the ground scene, and wherein said deriving also derives a stereoscopic model between two sweeps. 11. The method of claim 10 wherein the stereoscopic model is derived from the photogrammetric camera model using panoramic projection. 12. The method of claim 9 wherein the accuracy of the photogrammetric camera model for the single continuous image is substantially identical to the accuracy of the camera model for the plurality of images. 13. A method for image compression, comprising:
receiving an image captured by a camera with a Bayer color CCD sensor at an original resolution; separating the captured image into 1 red, 1 blue and 2 green color channels, where each of the color channels has a resolution that is ¼ of the original resolution; and compressing each of the color channels using grayscale image compression. 14. The method of claim 10 further comprising generating a stereo panorama image from the single continuous image, the panorama having a field of view of up to 140°. 15. The method of claim 10 further comprising generating a stereo panorama image from the single continuous image, wherein said transporting transports the at least one camera at an altitude of up to 50,000 ft. 16. The method of claim 10 further comprising generating a stereo panorama image from the single continuous image, wherein said transporting transports the at least one camera at a velocity of up to 500 knots. 17. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said optical assembly also includes a second minor, said tilt platform and said first and second mirrors forming at least a portion of a mirror-based folding optical system 18. (canceled) 19. The method of claim 9 further comprising combining overlapping images captured from said transporting when the at least one camera is transported along a plurality of legs of the flight path, to provide stereoscopic coverage of a portion of the ground scene, and wherein said deriving also derives a stereoscopic model between the two adjacent said legs. 20. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein only said tilt platform tilts said first mirror in said two dimensions. 21. Apparatus for capturing images while in motion, comprising:
at least one camera having a digital sensor, housed within an aircraft traveling along a flight path, for capturing aerial images of ground terrain; a motor for rotating an axis on which said at least one camera is mounted, and for generating a sweeping back-and-forth motion for a field of view of said at least one camera, the sweeping motion having a component transverse to the aircraft flight path; an optical assembly connected to said at least one camera, said optical assembly including: a tilt platform; and a first mirror mounted on said tilt platform, wherein said motor rotates said at least one camera continuously, and wherein said tilt platform moves independently of said motor to tilt said first mirror in two dimensions so as to stabilize the camera's line of sight and compensate for motion of said at least one camera. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein said motion, of said at least one camera, for which said tilt platform compensates, includes continuous camera motion generated by said motor and forward motion generated by said traveling of said aircraft along said flight path. | 2,400 |
6,882 | 6,882 | 14,789,675 | 2,468 | A network configuring method including receiving a label switched path (LSP) tunnel request from a path computation element (PCE), computing an LSP path, sending an LSP initiation message that comprises a label stack for the LSP path computed to the PCE, receiving an LSP delegation message from the PCE, and sending a label entry update message that comprises the label stack to PCEs along the computed LSP. A network configuring method including sending an LSP tunnel request to a path computation element central controller (PCECC), receiving an LSP initiation message that comprises a label stack for a computed LSP path from the PCECC, creating an LSP tunnel using the label stack, sending an LSP delegation message to the PCECC, receiving a label entry update message that comprises the label, and obtaining the label stack using the label entry update message. | 1. A network configuring method comprising:
a path computation element central controller (PCECC) receiving a label switched path (LSP) tunnel request from a path computation element (PCE); the PCECC computing an LSP path in response to the LSP tunnel request; the PCECC sending an LSP initiation message that comprises a label stack for the LSP path computed to the PCE; the PCECC receiving an LSP delegation message from the PCE; and the PCECC sending a label entry update message that comprises the label stack to one or more PCEs along the LSP computed in response to the LSP delegation message. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the label stack comprises local labels. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the label stack comprises global labels. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein sending the LSP initiation message comprises using a path computation element communication protocol (PCEP). 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising the PCECC advertising labels for a network. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising the PCECC advertising support for a path computation element communication protocol (PCEP). 7. A network configuring method comprising:
A path computation element (PCE) sending a label switched path (LSP) tunnel request to a path computation element central controller (PCECC); the PCE receiving an LSP initiation message that comprises a label stack for a computed LSP path from the PCECC; the PCE creating an LSP tunnel using the label stack; the PCE sending an LSP delegation message to the PCECC; the PCE receiving a label entry update message that comprises the label stack in response to the LSP delegation message; and the PCE obtaining the label stack using the label entry update message. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the label stack comprises local labels. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the label stack comprises global labels. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein receiving the LSP initiation message comprises using a path computation element communication protocol (PCEP). 11. The method of claim 7, further comprising the PCE receiving labels for a network. 12. The method of claim 7, further comprising the PCE advertising support for a path computation element communication protocol (PCEP). 13. The method of claim 7, further comprising the PCE creating an LSP tunnel using the label stack. 14. The method of claim 7, further comprising the PCE sending an LSP state report message. 15. An apparatus comprising:
a transmitter configured to:
advertise path computation element communication protocol (PCEP) support to a network;
send a label switched path (LSP) initiation message that comprises a label stack for an LSP path computed to a path computation element (PCE);
send a label entry update message that comprises the label stack to one or more PCEs along the computed LSP in response to an LSP delegation message;
a receiver configured to:
receive an LSP tunnel request from the PCE; and
receive the LSP delegation message from the PCE;
a memory; and a processor coupled to the transmitter, receiver, and memory, and configured to compute the LSP path in response to the LSP tunnel request. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the label stack comprises local labels. 17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the label stack comprises global labels. 18. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the processor is configured to send the LSP initiation message comprises using PCEP. 19. The apparatus of claim 15, the processor is configured to assign labels for a plurality of PCEs in a network. 20. The apparatus of claim 18, the processor is configured to send the labels to the plurality of PCEs in the network. | A network configuring method including receiving a label switched path (LSP) tunnel request from a path computation element (PCE), computing an LSP path, sending an LSP initiation message that comprises a label stack for the LSP path computed to the PCE, receiving an LSP delegation message from the PCE, and sending a label entry update message that comprises the label stack to PCEs along the computed LSP. A network configuring method including sending an LSP tunnel request to a path computation element central controller (PCECC), receiving an LSP initiation message that comprises a label stack for a computed LSP path from the PCECC, creating an LSP tunnel using the label stack, sending an LSP delegation message to the PCECC, receiving a label entry update message that comprises the label, and obtaining the label stack using the label entry update message.1. A network configuring method comprising:
a path computation element central controller (PCECC) receiving a label switched path (LSP) tunnel request from a path computation element (PCE); the PCECC computing an LSP path in response to the LSP tunnel request; the PCECC sending an LSP initiation message that comprises a label stack for the LSP path computed to the PCE; the PCECC receiving an LSP delegation message from the PCE; and the PCECC sending a label entry update message that comprises the label stack to one or more PCEs along the LSP computed in response to the LSP delegation message. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the label stack comprises local labels. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the label stack comprises global labels. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein sending the LSP initiation message comprises using a path computation element communication protocol (PCEP). 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising the PCECC advertising labels for a network. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising the PCECC advertising support for a path computation element communication protocol (PCEP). 7. A network configuring method comprising:
A path computation element (PCE) sending a label switched path (LSP) tunnel request to a path computation element central controller (PCECC); the PCE receiving an LSP initiation message that comprises a label stack for a computed LSP path from the PCECC; the PCE creating an LSP tunnel using the label stack; the PCE sending an LSP delegation message to the PCECC; the PCE receiving a label entry update message that comprises the label stack in response to the LSP delegation message; and the PCE obtaining the label stack using the label entry update message. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the label stack comprises local labels. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the label stack comprises global labels. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein receiving the LSP initiation message comprises using a path computation element communication protocol (PCEP). 11. The method of claim 7, further comprising the PCE receiving labels for a network. 12. The method of claim 7, further comprising the PCE advertising support for a path computation element communication protocol (PCEP). 13. The method of claim 7, further comprising the PCE creating an LSP tunnel using the label stack. 14. The method of claim 7, further comprising the PCE sending an LSP state report message. 15. An apparatus comprising:
a transmitter configured to:
advertise path computation element communication protocol (PCEP) support to a network;
send a label switched path (LSP) initiation message that comprises a label stack for an LSP path computed to a path computation element (PCE);
send a label entry update message that comprises the label stack to one or more PCEs along the computed LSP in response to an LSP delegation message;
a receiver configured to:
receive an LSP tunnel request from the PCE; and
receive the LSP delegation message from the PCE;
a memory; and a processor coupled to the transmitter, receiver, and memory, and configured to compute the LSP path in response to the LSP tunnel request. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the label stack comprises local labels. 17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the label stack comprises global labels. 18. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the processor is configured to send the LSP initiation message comprises using PCEP. 19. The apparatus of claim 15, the processor is configured to assign labels for a plurality of PCEs in a network. 20. The apparatus of claim 18, the processor is configured to send the labels to the plurality of PCEs in the network. | 2,400 |
6,883 | 6,883 | 13,852,190 | 2,486 | A vehicle vision system includes a camera configured to be positioned on a vehicle and a processing system operatively coupled to the camera. The processing system is operable to process image data captured by the camera. The image data is representative of a scene viewed by the camera. The processing system may further generate an image having three image panes including a central image pane derived from a first subset of captured image data and two side image panes derived from second and third subsets of captured image data. Each of the side image panes are shaped as parallelograms and arranged with respect to the central image pane to appear folded with respect to the central image pane. The processing system can output the image to a display for viewing by a driver of the vehicle. | 1. A vehicle vision system comprising:
a camera configured to be positioned on a vehicle; a processing system operatively coupled to said camera, wherein said processing system is operable to process image data captured by said camera, the captured image data representative of a scene viewed by said camera; wherein said processing system is operable to generate an image having three individual image panes including a first image pane derived from a first subset of image data, a second image pane derived from a second subset of image data and a third image pane derived from a third subset of image data; wherein said processing system is operable to output the image to a display for viewing by a driver of the vehicle; wherein, when the image is displayed at said display, said first image pane comprises a central image pane of the displayed image and said second image pane is at a left side of said central pane and said third image pane is at a right side of said central pane; wherein, when the image is displayed at said display, each of said first, second and third image panes has an upper edge and a lower edge; wherein said upper edge of said second image pane is generally parallel to said lower edge of said second image pane, and wherein said upper edge of said third image pane is generally parallel to said lower edge of said third image pane, and wherein said upper and lower edges of said second image pane are not parallel to said upper and lower edges of said third image pane; and wherein said upper and lower edges of said second image pane are not parallel to said upper and lower edges of said first image pane and wherein said upper and lower edges of said third image pane are not parallel to said upper and lower edges of said first image pane. 2. The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein, when the image is displayed at said display, said upper and lower edges of said second image pane slope generally downwardly away from said first image pane at the left side of said central image pane and said upper and lower edges of said third image pane slope generally downwardly away from said first image pane at the right side of said central image pane. 3. The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein the scene viewed by said camera encompasses a bumper of the vehicle and wherein the displayed image contains at least a portion of the bumper of the vehicle. 4. The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein said second and third image panes are shaped and arranged with respect to said central image pane to appear folded with respect to said central image pane when the image is displayed at the display. 5. The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein said central image pane has horizontal upper and lower edges when the image is displayed at the display. 6. The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein the displayed image further includes static vertical bands, each static vertical band separating one of said second and third image panes from said central image pane. 7. The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein the displayed image further includes static triangular regions, each static triangular region positioned above one of said second and third image panes. 8. The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein the displayed image further includes a static trapezoidal region below said three image panes. 9. The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein the displayed image is presented as a substantially dewarped image. 10. A vehicle vision system comprising:
a camera configured to be positioned on a vehicle; a processing system operatively coupled to said camera, wherein said processing system is operable to process image data captured by said camera, the captured image data representative of a scene viewed by said camera; wherein said processing system is operable to generate an image having three individual image panes including a first image pane derived from a first subset of image data, a second image pane derived from a second subset of image data and a third image pane derived from a third subset of image data; wherein said processing system is operable to output the image to a display for viewing by a driver of the vehicle; wherein, when the image is displayed at said display, said first image pane comprises a central image pane of the displayed image and said second image pane is at a right side of said central pane and said third image pane is at a left side of said central pane; wherein, when the image is displayed at said display, each of said first, second and third image panes has an upper edge and a lower edge; wherein said upper edge of said second image pane is generally parallel to said lower edge of said second image pane, and wherein said upper edge of said third image pane is generally parallel to said lower edge of said third image pane, and wherein said upper and lower edges of said second image pane are not parallel to said upper and lower edges of said third image pane; and wherein, when the image is displayed at said display, each of said second and third image panes are shaped as parallelograms and arranged with respect to said central image pane to appear folded with respect to said central image pane. 11. The vehicle vision system of claim 10, wherein the displayed image further includes static vertical bands, each static vertical band separating one of said second and third image panes from said central image pane. 12. The vehicle vision system of claim 10, wherein the displayed image further includes static regions above and below said second and third image panes and below said central image pane. 13. The vehicle vision system of claim 10, wherein the scene viewed by said camera encompasses a bumper of the vehicle and wherein the displayed image contains at least a portion of the bumper of the vehicle. 14. A method comprising:
receiving image data from a camera positioned on a vehicle, the image data representative of an image captured by said camera; generating an image having three image panes including a first image pane derived from a first subset of captured image data, a second image pane derived from a second subset of captured image data and a third image pane derived from a third subset of captured image data; and outputting the image to a display for viewing by a driver of the vehicle, wherein, when the image is displayed at the display, said first image pane comprises a central image pane and said second image pane is at a left side of said central image pane and said third image pane is at a right side of said central image pane; wherein, when the image is displayed at the display, (i) an upper edge of said second image pane is generally parallel to a lower edge of said second image pane and (ii) an upper edge of said third image pane is generally parallel to a lower edge of said third image pane; and wherein, when the image is displayed at the display, (i) said upper and lower edges of said second image pane slope generally downwardly away from said central image pane and (ii) said upper and lower edges of said third image pane slope generally downwardly away from said central image pane. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein said upper edge and said lower edge of each of said second and third image panes are generally parallel to a horizon line of the respective image pane. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein said second and third image panes are shaped and arranged with respect to said central image pane to appear folded with respect to said central image pane when the image is displayed on the display. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein said central image pane has horizontal upper and lower edges when displayed at the display and viewed by a driver of the vehicle when normally operating the vehicle. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the display displays static vertical bands, each static vertical band separating one of said second and third image panes from said central image pane of the displayed image. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the display displays static triangular regions, each static triangular region positioned above one of said second and third image panes when the image is displayed at the display. 20. The method of claim 14, wherein the display displays a static trapezoidal region below said three image panes of the displayed image. | A vehicle vision system includes a camera configured to be positioned on a vehicle and a processing system operatively coupled to the camera. The processing system is operable to process image data captured by the camera. The image data is representative of a scene viewed by the camera. The processing system may further generate an image having three image panes including a central image pane derived from a first subset of captured image data and two side image panes derived from second and third subsets of captured image data. Each of the side image panes are shaped as parallelograms and arranged with respect to the central image pane to appear folded with respect to the central image pane. The processing system can output the image to a display for viewing by a driver of the vehicle.1. A vehicle vision system comprising:
a camera configured to be positioned on a vehicle; a processing system operatively coupled to said camera, wherein said processing system is operable to process image data captured by said camera, the captured image data representative of a scene viewed by said camera; wherein said processing system is operable to generate an image having three individual image panes including a first image pane derived from a first subset of image data, a second image pane derived from a second subset of image data and a third image pane derived from a third subset of image data; wherein said processing system is operable to output the image to a display for viewing by a driver of the vehicle; wherein, when the image is displayed at said display, said first image pane comprises a central image pane of the displayed image and said second image pane is at a left side of said central pane and said third image pane is at a right side of said central pane; wherein, when the image is displayed at said display, each of said first, second and third image panes has an upper edge and a lower edge; wherein said upper edge of said second image pane is generally parallel to said lower edge of said second image pane, and wherein said upper edge of said third image pane is generally parallel to said lower edge of said third image pane, and wherein said upper and lower edges of said second image pane are not parallel to said upper and lower edges of said third image pane; and wherein said upper and lower edges of said second image pane are not parallel to said upper and lower edges of said first image pane and wherein said upper and lower edges of said third image pane are not parallel to said upper and lower edges of said first image pane. 2. The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein, when the image is displayed at said display, said upper and lower edges of said second image pane slope generally downwardly away from said first image pane at the left side of said central image pane and said upper and lower edges of said third image pane slope generally downwardly away from said first image pane at the right side of said central image pane. 3. The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein the scene viewed by said camera encompasses a bumper of the vehicle and wherein the displayed image contains at least a portion of the bumper of the vehicle. 4. The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein said second and third image panes are shaped and arranged with respect to said central image pane to appear folded with respect to said central image pane when the image is displayed at the display. 5. The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein said central image pane has horizontal upper and lower edges when the image is displayed at the display. 6. The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein the displayed image further includes static vertical bands, each static vertical band separating one of said second and third image panes from said central image pane. 7. The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein the displayed image further includes static triangular regions, each static triangular region positioned above one of said second and third image panes. 8. The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein the displayed image further includes a static trapezoidal region below said three image panes. 9. The vehicle vision system of claim 1, wherein the displayed image is presented as a substantially dewarped image. 10. A vehicle vision system comprising:
a camera configured to be positioned on a vehicle; a processing system operatively coupled to said camera, wherein said processing system is operable to process image data captured by said camera, the captured image data representative of a scene viewed by said camera; wherein said processing system is operable to generate an image having three individual image panes including a first image pane derived from a first subset of image data, a second image pane derived from a second subset of image data and a third image pane derived from a third subset of image data; wherein said processing system is operable to output the image to a display for viewing by a driver of the vehicle; wherein, when the image is displayed at said display, said first image pane comprises a central image pane of the displayed image and said second image pane is at a right side of said central pane and said third image pane is at a left side of said central pane; wherein, when the image is displayed at said display, each of said first, second and third image panes has an upper edge and a lower edge; wherein said upper edge of said second image pane is generally parallel to said lower edge of said second image pane, and wherein said upper edge of said third image pane is generally parallel to said lower edge of said third image pane, and wherein said upper and lower edges of said second image pane are not parallel to said upper and lower edges of said third image pane; and wherein, when the image is displayed at said display, each of said second and third image panes are shaped as parallelograms and arranged with respect to said central image pane to appear folded with respect to said central image pane. 11. The vehicle vision system of claim 10, wherein the displayed image further includes static vertical bands, each static vertical band separating one of said second and third image panes from said central image pane. 12. The vehicle vision system of claim 10, wherein the displayed image further includes static regions above and below said second and third image panes and below said central image pane. 13. The vehicle vision system of claim 10, wherein the scene viewed by said camera encompasses a bumper of the vehicle and wherein the displayed image contains at least a portion of the bumper of the vehicle. 14. A method comprising:
receiving image data from a camera positioned on a vehicle, the image data representative of an image captured by said camera; generating an image having three image panes including a first image pane derived from a first subset of captured image data, a second image pane derived from a second subset of captured image data and a third image pane derived from a third subset of captured image data; and outputting the image to a display for viewing by a driver of the vehicle, wherein, when the image is displayed at the display, said first image pane comprises a central image pane and said second image pane is at a left side of said central image pane and said third image pane is at a right side of said central image pane; wherein, when the image is displayed at the display, (i) an upper edge of said second image pane is generally parallel to a lower edge of said second image pane and (ii) an upper edge of said third image pane is generally parallel to a lower edge of said third image pane; and wherein, when the image is displayed at the display, (i) said upper and lower edges of said second image pane slope generally downwardly away from said central image pane and (ii) said upper and lower edges of said third image pane slope generally downwardly away from said central image pane. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein said upper edge and said lower edge of each of said second and third image panes are generally parallel to a horizon line of the respective image pane. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein said second and third image panes are shaped and arranged with respect to said central image pane to appear folded with respect to said central image pane when the image is displayed on the display. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein said central image pane has horizontal upper and lower edges when displayed at the display and viewed by a driver of the vehicle when normally operating the vehicle. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the display displays static vertical bands, each static vertical band separating one of said second and third image panes from said central image pane of the displayed image. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the display displays static triangular regions, each static triangular region positioned above one of said second and third image panes when the image is displayed at the display. 20. The method of claim 14, wherein the display displays a static trapezoidal region below said three image panes of the displayed image. | 2,400 |
6,884 | 6,884 | 14,789,039 | 2,486 | A vehicle authentication system may include a controller configured to detect a trigger event, activate at least one camera, transmit a unique identifier to a mobile device, receive an image from the at least one camera, and grant access to the vehicle in response to the image including the unique identifier. | 1. A vehicle authentication system, comprising:
a controller configured to:
detect a trigger event;
activate at least one camera;
transmit a unique identifier to a mobile device;
receive an image from the at least one camera; and
grant access to the vehicle in response to the image including the unique identifier. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to communicate with the mobile device via a wireless connection formed between the controller and the mobile device, and transmit the unique identifier to the mobile device in response to the trigger event. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein to grant access to the vehicle includes unlocking at least one vehicle door in response to the image including the unique identifier. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to enable a number vehicle features in response to the image including the unique identifier, the vehicle features including updating an ignition status to enable vehicle engine start. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to:
determine whether the image includes the unique identifier; and determine whether the unique identifier is expired. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein to determine whether the unique identifier is expired includes determining whether a predefined amount of time has lapsed. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein to determine whether the unique identifier is expired includes determining whether a predefined number of images including the unique identifier have been received. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the unique identifier is at least one of a Quick Response (QR) code and bar code. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the trigger event includes a series of sequential actuations of a vehicle door handle. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the trigger event includes a series of sequential actuations of at least one of a vehicle door handle and a vehicle mirror. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the trigger event includes a movement of a vehicle windshield wiper. 12. A vehicle authentication system, comprising:
a camera; and
a controller configured to:
determine a trigger event;
activate the camera;
receive a unique image from the camera;
compare the unique image with at least one stored image; and
unlock at least one vehicle door in response to the unique image and stored image matching. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the controller is further configured to transmit a unique identifier to a mobile device in response to the trigger event. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the stored image includes the unique identifier. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the controller is further configured to determine whether the unique image includes the unique identifier. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the controller is further configured to determine whether the unique identifier is expired. 17. The system of claim 13, wherein the unique identifier includes a Quick Response (QR) code. 18. The system of claim 13, wherein the controller is further configured to communicate with a mobile device via a wireless connection and transmit the unique identifier to the mobile device in response to the trigger event. 19. The system of claim 12, wherein the camera is a rear-mounted camera. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable medium tangibly embodying computer-executable instructions of a software program, the software program being executable by a processor of a computing device to provide operations, comprising:
activating at least one vehicle camera in response to a trigger event; transmitting a unique identifier to a mobile device; receiving an image from the at least one vehicle camera; and granting access to the vehicle in response to the image including the unique identifier. | A vehicle authentication system may include a controller configured to detect a trigger event, activate at least one camera, transmit a unique identifier to a mobile device, receive an image from the at least one camera, and grant access to the vehicle in response to the image including the unique identifier.1. A vehicle authentication system, comprising:
a controller configured to:
detect a trigger event;
activate at least one camera;
transmit a unique identifier to a mobile device;
receive an image from the at least one camera; and
grant access to the vehicle in response to the image including the unique identifier. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to communicate with the mobile device via a wireless connection formed between the controller and the mobile device, and transmit the unique identifier to the mobile device in response to the trigger event. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein to grant access to the vehicle includes unlocking at least one vehicle door in response to the image including the unique identifier. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to enable a number vehicle features in response to the image including the unique identifier, the vehicle features including updating an ignition status to enable vehicle engine start. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to:
determine whether the image includes the unique identifier; and determine whether the unique identifier is expired. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein to determine whether the unique identifier is expired includes determining whether a predefined amount of time has lapsed. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein to determine whether the unique identifier is expired includes determining whether a predefined number of images including the unique identifier have been received. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the unique identifier is at least one of a Quick Response (QR) code and bar code. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the trigger event includes a series of sequential actuations of a vehicle door handle. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the trigger event includes a series of sequential actuations of at least one of a vehicle door handle and a vehicle mirror. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the trigger event includes a movement of a vehicle windshield wiper. 12. A vehicle authentication system, comprising:
a camera; and
a controller configured to:
determine a trigger event;
activate the camera;
receive a unique image from the camera;
compare the unique image with at least one stored image; and
unlock at least one vehicle door in response to the unique image and stored image matching. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the controller is further configured to transmit a unique identifier to a mobile device in response to the trigger event. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the stored image includes the unique identifier. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the controller is further configured to determine whether the unique image includes the unique identifier. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the controller is further configured to determine whether the unique identifier is expired. 17. The system of claim 13, wherein the unique identifier includes a Quick Response (QR) code. 18. The system of claim 13, wherein the controller is further configured to communicate with a mobile device via a wireless connection and transmit the unique identifier to the mobile device in response to the trigger event. 19. The system of claim 12, wherein the camera is a rear-mounted camera. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable medium tangibly embodying computer-executable instructions of a software program, the software program being executable by a processor of a computing device to provide operations, comprising:
activating at least one vehicle camera in response to a trigger event; transmitting a unique identifier to a mobile device; receiving an image from the at least one vehicle camera; and granting access to the vehicle in response to the image including the unique identifier. | 2,400 |
6,885 | 6,885 | 14,531,243 | 2,491 | Plaintext analysis as a countermeasure against side channel attacks. A system is disclosed that includes an encryption/decryption module performing an encryption algorithm for encrypting plaintext data using a secure encryption key stored in non-volatile memory coupled to the encryption/decryption module, the encryption/decryption module further performing an algorithm for decrypting encrypted ciphertext using the secure encryption key; and a plaintext analysis module coupled to the plaintext data, the plaintext analysis module performing an analysis and determining whether the plaintext data correlates to expected plaintext data, the plaintext analysis module outputting a signal indicating a side channel attack, responsive to the determining. Additional methods and apparatus are disclosed. | 1. A system including countermeasures for side channel attacks, comprising:
an encryption/decryption module coupled to receive plaintext data for encryption and outputting corresponding ciphertext, and further coupled to receive ciphertext for decryption and outputting corresponding plaintext data, the encryption/decryption module performing an encryption algorithm using a secure encryption key stored in non-volatile memory, the encryption/decryption module further performing an algorithm for decrypting encrypted ciphertext using the secure encryption key; and a plaintext analysis module coupled to the plaintext data received by the encryption/decryption module for encryption and further coupled to the plaintext data output from the encryption/decryption module after decryption, the plaintext analysis module performing an analysis on the plaintext data and determining whether the plaintext data correlates to expected plaintext data, the plaintext analysis module further having an output for outputting a signal indicating a side channel attack, responsive to the determining. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the plaintext analysis module further comprises:
a plurality of recognition blocks each coupled to selectively receive the plaintext data and each performing a different plaintext analysis to determine whether the plaintext data is within an expected plaintext data set, and each having an output for outputting an analysis result signal responsive to the determining; and a decision block coupled to receive the analysis result signal from a selected one of the plurality of recognition blocks, and having outputs for outputting one or more action signals responsive to the received analysis result. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein at least one of the plurality of recognition blocks performs a statistical analysis on the plaintext data. 4. The system of claim 3 wherein the at least one of the plurality of recognition blocks performs the statistical analysis on the plaintext data by generating a probability factor indicating the probability that a pattern in a sample of the plaintext data correlates to an expected data pattern, and if the probability factor is below a predetermined threshold, the at least one recognition block outputs a result analysis signal indicating a side channel attack. 5. The system of claim 2, wherein at least one of the plurality of recognition blocks performs a deterministic analysis on the plaintext data. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the at least one of the plurality of recognition blocks performs a comparison between a selected number of samples of plaintext data and an expected plaintext data pattern, and if the comparison indicates that a number of matches between the sampled plaintext data and the expected data pattern is below a predetermined threshold, the at least one recognition block outputs a result analysis signal indicating a side channel attack. 7. The system of claim 2, wherein the action signal output by the decision block in response to a result analysis from a selected one of the recognition blocks indicating a side channel attack is one selected from the group consisting essentially of a reset signal, a halt signal, an interrupt signal, and a wait signal. 8. The system of claim 2, wherein the action signal output by the decision block in response to a result analysis from a selected one of the recognition blocks indicating a side channel attack is a halt signal. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the plaintext data corresponds to micro-code for a programmable processor. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the plaintext data corresponds to packet data protocol headers for data packets. 11. A method for providing side channel attack countermeasures, comprising:
in a secure encryption/decryption module, performing data encryption on plaintext data using a stored secure encryption key and outputting ciphertext corresponding to the plaintext data, and further performing a data decryption on ciphertext using the stored secure encryption key, and outputting plaintext data corresponding to the ciphertext; performing analysis on the plaintext data in a plaintext data analysis module coupled to receive the plaintext data and determining whether the plaintext data corresponds to plaintext data within an expected plaintext data set; and performing an action to interdict a side channel attack responsive to the determining. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein performing analysis on the plaintext data in the plaintext data module further comprises:
receiving configuration control signals to select one of a plurality of plaintext data recognition blocks, each of the plurality of plaintext recognition blocks configured to perform a different data analysis on the plaintext data; in the selected one of the plaintext data recognition blocks, performing an analysis on a sample of the plaintext data, and outputting an analysis result signal; and receiving the analysis result signal in a decision block and performing a predetermined action in the decision block responsive to the analysis result signal. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein at least one of the plurality of plaintext data recognition blocks performs a deterministic analysis on the plaintext data. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein at least one of the plurality of plaintext data recognition blocks performs a statistical analysis on the plaintext data. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein performing the action further comprises halting the encryption/decryption module. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein performing the action further comprises resetting the encryption/decryption module. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein performing the action further comprises signaling a side channel attack has been detected to a system. 18. A tangible non-volatile computer readable media storing non-transitory instructions for a processor which, when retrieved and executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform:
encrypting received plaintext data into ciphertext by performing an encryption algorithm and using a secure encryption key stored in a non-volatile memory; and performing a plaintext analysis to determine whether the plaintext data corresponds to a set of expected plaintext data, and signaling a side channel attack is detected, responsive to the determining. 19. The tangible non-volatile computer readable media of claim 18, and further comprising additional stored executable instructions for the processor which, when retrieved and executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform:
receiving configuration control signals to select one of a plurality of plaintext data recognition blocks, each of the plurality of plaintext recognition blocks configured to perform a different analysis on the plaintext data; in the selected one of the plaintext data recognition blocks, performing an analysis on a sample of the plaintext data, and outputting an analysis result signal; and performing a predetermined action in a decision block to interdict a side channel attack, responsive to the analysis result signal. 20. The tangible non-volatile computer readable media of claim 18, and further comprising additional stored executable instructions for the processor which, when retrieved and executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform:
retrieving stored ciphertext from a memory device; performing a decryption algorithm on the retrieved stored ciphertext using the secure encryption key stored in a non-volatile memory, and outputting plaintext data corresponding to the ciphertext; and performing a plaintext data analysis to determine whether the plaintext data corresponds to a set of expected plaintext data, and signaling a side channel attack responsive to the determining. | Plaintext analysis as a countermeasure against side channel attacks. A system is disclosed that includes an encryption/decryption module performing an encryption algorithm for encrypting plaintext data using a secure encryption key stored in non-volatile memory coupled to the encryption/decryption module, the encryption/decryption module further performing an algorithm for decrypting encrypted ciphertext using the secure encryption key; and a plaintext analysis module coupled to the plaintext data, the plaintext analysis module performing an analysis and determining whether the plaintext data correlates to expected plaintext data, the plaintext analysis module outputting a signal indicating a side channel attack, responsive to the determining. Additional methods and apparatus are disclosed.1. A system including countermeasures for side channel attacks, comprising:
an encryption/decryption module coupled to receive plaintext data for encryption and outputting corresponding ciphertext, and further coupled to receive ciphertext for decryption and outputting corresponding plaintext data, the encryption/decryption module performing an encryption algorithm using a secure encryption key stored in non-volatile memory, the encryption/decryption module further performing an algorithm for decrypting encrypted ciphertext using the secure encryption key; and a plaintext analysis module coupled to the plaintext data received by the encryption/decryption module for encryption and further coupled to the plaintext data output from the encryption/decryption module after decryption, the plaintext analysis module performing an analysis on the plaintext data and determining whether the plaintext data correlates to expected plaintext data, the plaintext analysis module further having an output for outputting a signal indicating a side channel attack, responsive to the determining. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the plaintext analysis module further comprises:
a plurality of recognition blocks each coupled to selectively receive the plaintext data and each performing a different plaintext analysis to determine whether the plaintext data is within an expected plaintext data set, and each having an output for outputting an analysis result signal responsive to the determining; and a decision block coupled to receive the analysis result signal from a selected one of the plurality of recognition blocks, and having outputs for outputting one or more action signals responsive to the received analysis result. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein at least one of the plurality of recognition blocks performs a statistical analysis on the plaintext data. 4. The system of claim 3 wherein the at least one of the plurality of recognition blocks performs the statistical analysis on the plaintext data by generating a probability factor indicating the probability that a pattern in a sample of the plaintext data correlates to an expected data pattern, and if the probability factor is below a predetermined threshold, the at least one recognition block outputs a result analysis signal indicating a side channel attack. 5. The system of claim 2, wherein at least one of the plurality of recognition blocks performs a deterministic analysis on the plaintext data. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the at least one of the plurality of recognition blocks performs a comparison between a selected number of samples of plaintext data and an expected plaintext data pattern, and if the comparison indicates that a number of matches between the sampled plaintext data and the expected data pattern is below a predetermined threshold, the at least one recognition block outputs a result analysis signal indicating a side channel attack. 7. The system of claim 2, wherein the action signal output by the decision block in response to a result analysis from a selected one of the recognition blocks indicating a side channel attack is one selected from the group consisting essentially of a reset signal, a halt signal, an interrupt signal, and a wait signal. 8. The system of claim 2, wherein the action signal output by the decision block in response to a result analysis from a selected one of the recognition blocks indicating a side channel attack is a halt signal. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the plaintext data corresponds to micro-code for a programmable processor. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the plaintext data corresponds to packet data protocol headers for data packets. 11. A method for providing side channel attack countermeasures, comprising:
in a secure encryption/decryption module, performing data encryption on plaintext data using a stored secure encryption key and outputting ciphertext corresponding to the plaintext data, and further performing a data decryption on ciphertext using the stored secure encryption key, and outputting plaintext data corresponding to the ciphertext; performing analysis on the plaintext data in a plaintext data analysis module coupled to receive the plaintext data and determining whether the plaintext data corresponds to plaintext data within an expected plaintext data set; and performing an action to interdict a side channel attack responsive to the determining. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein performing analysis on the plaintext data in the plaintext data module further comprises:
receiving configuration control signals to select one of a plurality of plaintext data recognition blocks, each of the plurality of plaintext recognition blocks configured to perform a different data analysis on the plaintext data; in the selected one of the plaintext data recognition blocks, performing an analysis on a sample of the plaintext data, and outputting an analysis result signal; and receiving the analysis result signal in a decision block and performing a predetermined action in the decision block responsive to the analysis result signal. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein at least one of the plurality of plaintext data recognition blocks performs a deterministic analysis on the plaintext data. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein at least one of the plurality of plaintext data recognition blocks performs a statistical analysis on the plaintext data. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein performing the action further comprises halting the encryption/decryption module. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein performing the action further comprises resetting the encryption/decryption module. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein performing the action further comprises signaling a side channel attack has been detected to a system. 18. A tangible non-volatile computer readable media storing non-transitory instructions for a processor which, when retrieved and executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform:
encrypting received plaintext data into ciphertext by performing an encryption algorithm and using a secure encryption key stored in a non-volatile memory; and performing a plaintext analysis to determine whether the plaintext data corresponds to a set of expected plaintext data, and signaling a side channel attack is detected, responsive to the determining. 19. The tangible non-volatile computer readable media of claim 18, and further comprising additional stored executable instructions for the processor which, when retrieved and executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform:
receiving configuration control signals to select one of a plurality of plaintext data recognition blocks, each of the plurality of plaintext recognition blocks configured to perform a different analysis on the plaintext data; in the selected one of the plaintext data recognition blocks, performing an analysis on a sample of the plaintext data, and outputting an analysis result signal; and performing a predetermined action in a decision block to interdict a side channel attack, responsive to the analysis result signal. 20. The tangible non-volatile computer readable media of claim 18, and further comprising additional stored executable instructions for the processor which, when retrieved and executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform:
retrieving stored ciphertext from a memory device; performing a decryption algorithm on the retrieved stored ciphertext using the secure encryption key stored in a non-volatile memory, and outputting plaintext data corresponding to the ciphertext; and performing a plaintext data analysis to determine whether the plaintext data corresponds to a set of expected plaintext data, and signaling a side channel attack responsive to the determining. | 2,400 |
6,886 | 6,886 | 14,620,365 | 2,447 | A management node of a server maintains a database of configuration parameters that stores the individual configuration parameters for each compute node. In response to a boot request at a compute node, a configuration parameter control module at the node intercepts locally targeted requests to load configuration parameters. The configuration parameter module sends the requests to the management node and in response the management node sends configuration parameters responsive to the requests. The configuration parameter module provides the configuration parameters to the compute node, thereby emulating a local boot memory for the compute node. | 1. A server system, comprising:
a plurality of compute nodes to execute services for the server system; and a management node to send configuration parameters to the plurality of compute nodes during bootstrap of the server system. 2. The server system of claim 1, wherein the management node is to send a first set of configuration parameters to a first compute node of the plurality of compute nodes and a second set of configuration parameters to a second compute node of the plurality of compute nodes during bootstrap of the server system, the second set of configuration parameters different than the first set of configuration parameters. 3. The server system of claim 1, wherein the management node is to receive status messages from the plurality of compute nodes and is to adjust the configuration parameters based on the status messages. 4. The server system of claim 1, wherein the management node is to send the configuration parameters to the plurality of compute nodes via a fabric interconnect used to communicate messages between compute nodes after bootstrap of the server system. 5. The server system of claim 1, wherein the management node is to send the configuration parameters to the plurality of compute nodes via a sideband network different than via a fabric interconnect used to communicate messages between compute nodes after bootstrap of the server system. 6. The server system of claim 1, wherein the management node is to receive a request from a compute node to change a configuration parameter and is to change the configuration parameter in response to the request based on a security policy. 7. The server system of claim 6, wherein the management node is to make a different change to the configuration parameter than the requested change based on the security policy. 8. The server system of claim 1, wherein a compute node of the plurality of compute nodes comprises:
a boot control module to intercept a request for a configuration parameter formatted to target a local memory of the compute node and to communicate a request for the configuration parameter to the management node. 9. The server system of claim 1, wherein the management node is to store a database of configuration parameters, the database to indicate a state of configuration parameters for each of the plurality of compute nodes and is to provide an interface to the database. 10. The server system of claim 9, wherein the management node is to store a database of status information to indicate a status for each of the plurality of compute nodes and responsive actions to take based on triggering events associated with the status information. 11. A server system, comprising:
a fabric interconnect to route messages; a plurality of field replaceable units (FRUs) comprising compute nodes coupled to the fabric interconnect to execute services for the server system, each of the plurality of compute nodes to route received messages to others of the plurality of compute nodes; and a first FRU comprising a management node coupled to the fabric interconnect to send configuration parameters to the plurality of compute nodes during bootstrap of the server system. 12. The server system of claim 11 wherein the management node is to send a first set of configuration parameters to a first compute node of the plurality of compute nodes and a second set of configuration parameters to a second compute node of the plurality of compute nodes during bootstrap of the server system, the second set of configuration parameters different than the first set of configuration parameters. 13. The server system of claim 11, wherein the management node is to receive status messages from the plurality of compute nodes and is to adjust the configuration parameters based on the status messages. 14. The server system of claim 11, wherein the management node is to send the configuration parameters to the plurality of compute nodes via a fabric interconnect used to communicate messages between compute nodes after bootstrap of the server system. 15. The server system of claim 11, wherein the management node is to send the configuration parameters to the plurality of compute nodes via a sideband network different than the fabric interconnect. 16. The server system of claim 11, wherein the management node is to receive a request from a compute node to change a configuration parameter and is to change the configuration parameter in response to the request based on a security policy. 17. The server system of claim 16, wherein the management node is to make a different change to the configuration parameter than the requested change based on the security policy. 18. A method, comprising:
receiving, at a management node of server system having a plurality of compute nodes, a request to boot the server system; and in response to the request, communicating configuration parameters from the management node to the plurality of compute nodes during bootstrap of the server system. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein communicating configuration parameters comprises:
sending a first set of configuration parameters to a first compute node of the plurality of compute nodes; and sending a second set of configuration parameters to a second compute node of the plurality of compute nodes, the second set of configuration parameters different than the first set of configuration parameters. 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
receiving at the management node status messages from the plurality of compute nodes; and adjusting the configuration parameters based on the status messages. | A management node of a server maintains a database of configuration parameters that stores the individual configuration parameters for each compute node. In response to a boot request at a compute node, a configuration parameter control module at the node intercepts locally targeted requests to load configuration parameters. The configuration parameter module sends the requests to the management node and in response the management node sends configuration parameters responsive to the requests. The configuration parameter module provides the configuration parameters to the compute node, thereby emulating a local boot memory for the compute node.1. A server system, comprising:
a plurality of compute nodes to execute services for the server system; and a management node to send configuration parameters to the plurality of compute nodes during bootstrap of the server system. 2. The server system of claim 1, wherein the management node is to send a first set of configuration parameters to a first compute node of the plurality of compute nodes and a second set of configuration parameters to a second compute node of the plurality of compute nodes during bootstrap of the server system, the second set of configuration parameters different than the first set of configuration parameters. 3. The server system of claim 1, wherein the management node is to receive status messages from the plurality of compute nodes and is to adjust the configuration parameters based on the status messages. 4. The server system of claim 1, wherein the management node is to send the configuration parameters to the plurality of compute nodes via a fabric interconnect used to communicate messages between compute nodes after bootstrap of the server system. 5. The server system of claim 1, wherein the management node is to send the configuration parameters to the plurality of compute nodes via a sideband network different than via a fabric interconnect used to communicate messages between compute nodes after bootstrap of the server system. 6. The server system of claim 1, wherein the management node is to receive a request from a compute node to change a configuration parameter and is to change the configuration parameter in response to the request based on a security policy. 7. The server system of claim 6, wherein the management node is to make a different change to the configuration parameter than the requested change based on the security policy. 8. The server system of claim 1, wherein a compute node of the plurality of compute nodes comprises:
a boot control module to intercept a request for a configuration parameter formatted to target a local memory of the compute node and to communicate a request for the configuration parameter to the management node. 9. The server system of claim 1, wherein the management node is to store a database of configuration parameters, the database to indicate a state of configuration parameters for each of the plurality of compute nodes and is to provide an interface to the database. 10. The server system of claim 9, wherein the management node is to store a database of status information to indicate a status for each of the plurality of compute nodes and responsive actions to take based on triggering events associated with the status information. 11. A server system, comprising:
a fabric interconnect to route messages; a plurality of field replaceable units (FRUs) comprising compute nodes coupled to the fabric interconnect to execute services for the server system, each of the plurality of compute nodes to route received messages to others of the plurality of compute nodes; and a first FRU comprising a management node coupled to the fabric interconnect to send configuration parameters to the plurality of compute nodes during bootstrap of the server system. 12. The server system of claim 11 wherein the management node is to send a first set of configuration parameters to a first compute node of the plurality of compute nodes and a second set of configuration parameters to a second compute node of the plurality of compute nodes during bootstrap of the server system, the second set of configuration parameters different than the first set of configuration parameters. 13. The server system of claim 11, wherein the management node is to receive status messages from the plurality of compute nodes and is to adjust the configuration parameters based on the status messages. 14. The server system of claim 11, wherein the management node is to send the configuration parameters to the plurality of compute nodes via a fabric interconnect used to communicate messages between compute nodes after bootstrap of the server system. 15. The server system of claim 11, wherein the management node is to send the configuration parameters to the plurality of compute nodes via a sideband network different than the fabric interconnect. 16. The server system of claim 11, wherein the management node is to receive a request from a compute node to change a configuration parameter and is to change the configuration parameter in response to the request based on a security policy. 17. The server system of claim 16, wherein the management node is to make a different change to the configuration parameter than the requested change based on the security policy. 18. A method, comprising:
receiving, at a management node of server system having a plurality of compute nodes, a request to boot the server system; and in response to the request, communicating configuration parameters from the management node to the plurality of compute nodes during bootstrap of the server system. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein communicating configuration parameters comprises:
sending a first set of configuration parameters to a first compute node of the plurality of compute nodes; and sending a second set of configuration parameters to a second compute node of the plurality of compute nodes, the second set of configuration parameters different than the first set of configuration parameters. 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
receiving at the management node status messages from the plurality of compute nodes; and adjusting the configuration parameters based on the status messages. | 2,400 |
6,887 | 6,887 | 14,263,624 | 2,485 | A method, system, apparatus, article of manufacture, and computer program product provide the ability to detect junctions. 3D pixel image data is obtained/acquired based on 2D image data and depth data. Within a given window over the 3D pixel image data, for each of the pixels within the window, an equation for a plane passing through the pixel is determined/computed. For all of the determined planes within the given window, an intersection of all of the planes is computed. A spectrum of the intersection/matrix is analyzed. Based on the spectrum, a determination is made if the pixel at the intersection is of 3 or more surfaces, 2 surfaces, or is 1 surface. | 1. A computer-implemented method for detecting a feature in three-dimensional (3D) space, comprising:
obtaining three-dimensional (3D) pixel image data based on two-dimensional (2D) image data and depth data for the 2D image data; within a given window over the 3D pixel image data, for each of one or more pixels within the given window, determining an equation for a plane passing through the pixel; computing, for all of the determined planes within the given window, an intersection of all of the planes; analyzing a spectrum of the intersection; and based on the spectrum, determining if the pixel at the intersection is of three (3) or more surfaces, two (2) surfaces, or is one (1) surface. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the image data comprises color or intensity data. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the image data comprises point cloud data. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the 3D pixel image data is obtained by:
multiplying a 3×3 matrix representing 2D normal equations for the 2D image data by a 3×4 matrix representing a projection relation between the 2D image data and the depth data. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the one or more pixels within the given window comprise those pixels for which a gradient value along an image gradient is maximal. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the intersection comprises a least squares intersection. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the intersection is computed using a 4×4 matrix. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the determining if the pixel at the intersection is of three (3) or more surfaces, two (2) surfaces, or is one (1) surface comprises:
determining the pixel is at a junction of three (3) or more surfaces when there is one and only one zero eigenvalue; determining the pixel is a crease at the intersection of two (2) surfaces when there are two (2) zero eigenvalues; and determining the pixel is at one (1) planar surface when there are three (3) zero eigenvalues. 9. An computer-implemented system for detecting a feature in a computer system comprising:
(a) a computer having a processor; (b) an image acquiring device, communicatively coupled to the computer, that acquires three-dimensional (3D) pixel image data based on two-dimensional (2D) image data and depth data, from an depth sensing device, for the 2D image data; (c) an application, executing on the computer, wherein the application is configured to:
(1) within a given window over the 3D pixel image data, for each of one or more pixels within the given window, determine an equation for a plane passing through the pixel;
(2) compute, for all of the determined planes within the given window, an intersection of all of the planes;
(3) analyzing a spectrum of the intersection; and
(4) based on the spectrum, determining if the pixel at the intersection is of three (3) or more surfaces, two (2) surfaces, or is one (1) surface. 10. The computer-implemented system of claim 9, wherein the image data comprises color or intensity data. 11. The computer-implemented system of claim 9, wherein the image data comprises point cloud data. 12. The computer-implemented system of claim 9, wherein the image acquiring device is configured to acquire the 3D pixel image data by:
multiplying a 3×3 matrix representing 2D normal equations for the 2D image data by a 3×4 matrix representing a projection relation between the 2D image data and the depth data. 13. The computer-implemented system of claim 9, wherein the one or more pixels within the given window comprise those pixels for which a gradient value along an image gradient is maximal. 14. The computer-implemented system of claim 9, wherein the intersection comprises a least squares intersection. 15. The computer-implemented system of claim 9, wherein the intersection is computed using a 4×4 matrix. 16. The computer-implemented system of claim 9, wherein application is configured to determine if the pixel at the intersection is of three (3) or more surfaces, two (2) surfaces, or is one (1) surface by:
determining the pixel is at a junction of three (3) or more surfaces when there is one and only one zero eigenvalue; determining the pixel is a crease at the intersection of two (2) surfaces when there are two (2) zero eigenvalues; and determining the pixel is at one (1) planar surface when there are three (3) zero eigenvalues. | A method, system, apparatus, article of manufacture, and computer program product provide the ability to detect junctions. 3D pixel image data is obtained/acquired based on 2D image data and depth data. Within a given window over the 3D pixel image data, for each of the pixels within the window, an equation for a plane passing through the pixel is determined/computed. For all of the determined planes within the given window, an intersection of all of the planes is computed. A spectrum of the intersection/matrix is analyzed. Based on the spectrum, a determination is made if the pixel at the intersection is of 3 or more surfaces, 2 surfaces, or is 1 surface.1. A computer-implemented method for detecting a feature in three-dimensional (3D) space, comprising:
obtaining three-dimensional (3D) pixel image data based on two-dimensional (2D) image data and depth data for the 2D image data; within a given window over the 3D pixel image data, for each of one or more pixels within the given window, determining an equation for a plane passing through the pixel; computing, for all of the determined planes within the given window, an intersection of all of the planes; analyzing a spectrum of the intersection; and based on the spectrum, determining if the pixel at the intersection is of three (3) or more surfaces, two (2) surfaces, or is one (1) surface. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the image data comprises color or intensity data. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the image data comprises point cloud data. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the 3D pixel image data is obtained by:
multiplying a 3×3 matrix representing 2D normal equations for the 2D image data by a 3×4 matrix representing a projection relation between the 2D image data and the depth data. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the one or more pixels within the given window comprise those pixels for which a gradient value along an image gradient is maximal. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the intersection comprises a least squares intersection. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the intersection is computed using a 4×4 matrix. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the determining if the pixel at the intersection is of three (3) or more surfaces, two (2) surfaces, or is one (1) surface comprises:
determining the pixel is at a junction of three (3) or more surfaces when there is one and only one zero eigenvalue; determining the pixel is a crease at the intersection of two (2) surfaces when there are two (2) zero eigenvalues; and determining the pixel is at one (1) planar surface when there are three (3) zero eigenvalues. 9. An computer-implemented system for detecting a feature in a computer system comprising:
(a) a computer having a processor; (b) an image acquiring device, communicatively coupled to the computer, that acquires three-dimensional (3D) pixel image data based on two-dimensional (2D) image data and depth data, from an depth sensing device, for the 2D image data; (c) an application, executing on the computer, wherein the application is configured to:
(1) within a given window over the 3D pixel image data, for each of one or more pixels within the given window, determine an equation for a plane passing through the pixel;
(2) compute, for all of the determined planes within the given window, an intersection of all of the planes;
(3) analyzing a spectrum of the intersection; and
(4) based on the spectrum, determining if the pixel at the intersection is of three (3) or more surfaces, two (2) surfaces, or is one (1) surface. 10. The computer-implemented system of claim 9, wherein the image data comprises color or intensity data. 11. The computer-implemented system of claim 9, wherein the image data comprises point cloud data. 12. The computer-implemented system of claim 9, wherein the image acquiring device is configured to acquire the 3D pixel image data by:
multiplying a 3×3 matrix representing 2D normal equations for the 2D image data by a 3×4 matrix representing a projection relation between the 2D image data and the depth data. 13. The computer-implemented system of claim 9, wherein the one or more pixels within the given window comprise those pixels for which a gradient value along an image gradient is maximal. 14. The computer-implemented system of claim 9, wherein the intersection comprises a least squares intersection. 15. The computer-implemented system of claim 9, wherein the intersection is computed using a 4×4 matrix. 16. The computer-implemented system of claim 9, wherein application is configured to determine if the pixel at the intersection is of three (3) or more surfaces, two (2) surfaces, or is one (1) surface by:
determining the pixel is at a junction of three (3) or more surfaces when there is one and only one zero eigenvalue; determining the pixel is a crease at the intersection of two (2) surfaces when there are two (2) zero eigenvalues; and determining the pixel is at one (1) planar surface when there are three (3) zero eigenvalues. | 2,400 |
6,888 | 6,888 | 13,336,607 | 2,489 | Thermal imaging cameras for use in retaking images and methods of retaking images with thermal imaging cameras that include a position sensor that helps guide the camera back to the position where the original image was captured. The position sensor provides position data that may include location data, heading data, and orientation data. | 1. A portable, hand-held thermal imaging camera comprising:
an infrared (IR) lens assembly having an associated IR sensor for detecting thermal images of a target scene; a visible light (VL) lens assembly having an associated VL sensor for detecting VL images of the target scene; a display adapted to display at least a portion of the VL image or at least a portion of the IR image; a processor; a position sensor adapted to provide position data to the processor, the position data representative of the position of the camera; a memory adapted for storing a first infrared image of a scene captured at a first position and first position data, wherein the first infrared image and first position data may be been captured by the thermal imaging camera or by a separate thermal imaging camera; the processor programmed with instructions to compare position data for a current position of the camera to the first position data and generate a signal to a user how to reposition the camera toward the first position. 2. The thermal imaging camera of claim 1, wherein the position sensor comprises an accelerometer. 3. The thermal imaging camera of claim 2, wherein the position sensor includes a compass and the position data includes heading data. 4. The thermal imaging camera of claim 3, further comprising a laser adapted to measure a distance-to-target and wherein the laser is adapted to provide further position data to the processor. 5. The thermal imaging camera of claim 1, wherein the position data comprises location data, heading data, and orientation data. 6. The thermal imaging camera of claim 1, wherein the position data for the current position comprises data from the accelerometer, compass, and laser. 7. The thermal imaging camera of claim 1, wherein the position sensor comprises a GPS receiver. 8. The thermal imaging camera of claim 7, wherein the position data comprises GPS coordinates. 9. The thermal imaging camera of claim 1, wherein the position sensor continues to provide location data when the thermal imaging camera is transported indoors. 10. The thermal imaging camera of claim 1, wherein the display is adapted to display the signal generated by the processor. 11. The thermal imaging camera of claim 1, wherein the display displays a sight to indicate to the user how to reposition the camera toward the first position 12. The thermal imaging camera of claim 1, wherein the memory is adapted to store settings data providing information regarding the settings used on the thermal imaging camera when capturing the first infrared image, and wherein the processor applies at least some of the settings data to the thermal imaging camera when capturing a second infrared image. 13. A method of retaking an infrared image of a scene using a handheld, portable thermal imaging camera, comprising:
retrieving a first image and first image position data from the thermal imaging camera, wherein the first image position data indicates a first position of the thermal imaging camera when the first image was captured; obtaining current position data, the current position data indicating a current position of the thermal imaging camera; comparing the first image position data and the current position data; providing an indication, from the thermal imaging camera, how to reposition the thermal imaging camera toward the first position; and capturing a second image when the thermal imaging camera is positioned at or near the first position, wherein the second image comprises a thermal image or a fused thermal image and visible light image. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the first image position data and the current image position data include data from an accelerometer. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the first image position data and the current image position data further include data from a compass. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the first image position data and the current image position data further include distance-to-target data. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the first image position data and the current image position data include GPS coordinates. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the first image and the second image are captured by different thermal imaging cameras. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the indication from the thermal imaging camera how to reposition the thermal imaging camera toward the first position is provided on a display of the thermal imaging camera. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the current position data and the first position data comprise location data, heading data, and orientation data. 21. The method of claim 13, wherein the current position data is obtained when the thermal imaging camera is transported indoors. 22. The method of claim 13, wherein the indication of how to reposition the thermal imaging camera toward the first position is provided via a display on the thermal imaging camera. 23. The method of claim 13, further comprising storing settings data in the thermal imaging camera regarding the settings used on the thermal imaging camera when capturing the first infrared image, and applying the settings from the stored settings data to the thermal imaging camera when capturing the second image. | Thermal imaging cameras for use in retaking images and methods of retaking images with thermal imaging cameras that include a position sensor that helps guide the camera back to the position where the original image was captured. The position sensor provides position data that may include location data, heading data, and orientation data.1. A portable, hand-held thermal imaging camera comprising:
an infrared (IR) lens assembly having an associated IR sensor for detecting thermal images of a target scene; a visible light (VL) lens assembly having an associated VL sensor for detecting VL images of the target scene; a display adapted to display at least a portion of the VL image or at least a portion of the IR image; a processor; a position sensor adapted to provide position data to the processor, the position data representative of the position of the camera; a memory adapted for storing a first infrared image of a scene captured at a first position and first position data, wherein the first infrared image and first position data may be been captured by the thermal imaging camera or by a separate thermal imaging camera; the processor programmed with instructions to compare position data for a current position of the camera to the first position data and generate a signal to a user how to reposition the camera toward the first position. 2. The thermal imaging camera of claim 1, wherein the position sensor comprises an accelerometer. 3. The thermal imaging camera of claim 2, wherein the position sensor includes a compass and the position data includes heading data. 4. The thermal imaging camera of claim 3, further comprising a laser adapted to measure a distance-to-target and wherein the laser is adapted to provide further position data to the processor. 5. The thermal imaging camera of claim 1, wherein the position data comprises location data, heading data, and orientation data. 6. The thermal imaging camera of claim 1, wherein the position data for the current position comprises data from the accelerometer, compass, and laser. 7. The thermal imaging camera of claim 1, wherein the position sensor comprises a GPS receiver. 8. The thermal imaging camera of claim 7, wherein the position data comprises GPS coordinates. 9. The thermal imaging camera of claim 1, wherein the position sensor continues to provide location data when the thermal imaging camera is transported indoors. 10. The thermal imaging camera of claim 1, wherein the display is adapted to display the signal generated by the processor. 11. The thermal imaging camera of claim 1, wherein the display displays a sight to indicate to the user how to reposition the camera toward the first position 12. The thermal imaging camera of claim 1, wherein the memory is adapted to store settings data providing information regarding the settings used on the thermal imaging camera when capturing the first infrared image, and wherein the processor applies at least some of the settings data to the thermal imaging camera when capturing a second infrared image. 13. A method of retaking an infrared image of a scene using a handheld, portable thermal imaging camera, comprising:
retrieving a first image and first image position data from the thermal imaging camera, wherein the first image position data indicates a first position of the thermal imaging camera when the first image was captured; obtaining current position data, the current position data indicating a current position of the thermal imaging camera; comparing the first image position data and the current position data; providing an indication, from the thermal imaging camera, how to reposition the thermal imaging camera toward the first position; and capturing a second image when the thermal imaging camera is positioned at or near the first position, wherein the second image comprises a thermal image or a fused thermal image and visible light image. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the first image position data and the current image position data include data from an accelerometer. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the first image position data and the current image position data further include data from a compass. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the first image position data and the current image position data further include distance-to-target data. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the first image position data and the current image position data include GPS coordinates. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the first image and the second image are captured by different thermal imaging cameras. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the indication from the thermal imaging camera how to reposition the thermal imaging camera toward the first position is provided on a display of the thermal imaging camera. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the current position data and the first position data comprise location data, heading data, and orientation data. 21. The method of claim 13, wherein the current position data is obtained when the thermal imaging camera is transported indoors. 22. The method of claim 13, wherein the indication of how to reposition the thermal imaging camera toward the first position is provided via a display on the thermal imaging camera. 23. The method of claim 13, further comprising storing settings data in the thermal imaging camera regarding the settings used on the thermal imaging camera when capturing the first infrared image, and applying the settings from the stored settings data to the thermal imaging camera when capturing the second image. | 2,400 |
6,889 | 6,889 | 14,483,647 | 2,421 | A controlling device is provided with the ability to present personalized program guide information by using personal preferences provided to a home computing device. The personal preferences are used to filter program guide data received at the home computing device whereby the program guide data will include only programming information for user-specified sources of programming for each of plural, different user-specified periods of time. The filtered program guide data is then downloaded to the controlling device from the home computing device for use in connection with an application of the controlling device that functions to display program guide information within a display of the controlling device. | 1. A non-transitory, computer readable media having stored thereon instructions which, when executed by a processing device of a controlling device, function to display in a display of the controlling device a favorites page having a plurality of activable icons each of which is associated with at least one command transmittable by the controlling device to cause an appliance to access a media that is provided by a one of the plurality of media sources, the instructions performing steps comprising:
receiving a request to display the favorites page in the display of the controlling device; accessing an external source of media information to retrieve supplemental media data that is associated with the media that is provided by each of the plurality of media sources; and using the retrieved supplemental media data to determine an appearance that is to be provided to the favorites page when the favorites page is caused to be displayed in the display of the controlling device in response to the received request. 2. The computer-readable media as recited in claim 1, wherein the step of accessing the external source of media information is performed in response to the request being received. 3. The computer-readable media as recited in claim 1, wherein the step of accessing the external source of media information comprises accessing one or more websites that have been associated with the favorites page. 4. The computer-readable media as recited in claim 3, wherein user input is provided to the controlling device to associate the one or more websites to be accessed with the favorites page. 5. The computer-readable media as recited in claim 1, wherein the media provided by one or more of the plurality of media sources comprises a sporting event and wherein the supplemental media data comprises a time remaining in the sporting event. 6. The computer-readable media as recited in claim 1, wherein the media provided by one or more of the plurality of media sources comprises a sporting event and wherein the supplemental media data comprises a score in the sporting event. 7. The computer-readable media as recited in claim 1, wherein the step of using the retrieved supplemental media data to determine an appearance that is to be provided to the favorites page when the favorites page is caused to be displayed in the display of the controlling device in response to the received request comprises using the retrieved supplemental media data to determine a positional layout for the plurality of icons within the favorites page to be displayed. 8. The computer-readable media as recited in claim 1, wherein the step of using the retrieved supplemental media data to determine an appearance that is to be provided to the favorites page when the favorites page is caused to be displayed in the display of the controlling device in response to the received request comprises using the retrieved supplemental media data to determine if one or more of the plurality of icons is to be highlighted within the favorites page to be displayed. 9. The computer-readable media as recited in claim 1, wherein the supplemental media data comprises user rating data for the media that is provided by each of the plurality of media sources. 10. The computer-readable media as recited in claim 1, wherein the instructions cause the supplemental media data to be periodically updated while the favorites page is being displayed within the display of the controlling device and wherein the updated supplemental media data is used to periodically alter the appearance that is provided to the favorites page as the favorites page is being displayed in the display of the controlling device. 11. The computer-readable media as recited in claim 10, wherein the media provided by one or more of the plurality of media sources comprises a sporting event and wherein the supplemental media data comprises a time remaining in the sporting event. 12. The computer-readable media as recited in claim 10, wherein the media provided by one or more of the plurality of media sources comprises a sporting event and wherein the supplemental media data comprises a score in the sporting event. 13. The computer-readable media as recited in claim 10, wherein the step of using the retrieved supplemental media data to determine an appearance that is to be provided to the favorites page when the favorites page is caused to be displayed in the display of the controlling device in response to the received request comprises using the retrieved supplemental media data to determine a positional layout for the plurality of icons within the favorites page to be displayed. 14. The computer-readable media as recited in claim 10, wherein the step of using the retrieved supplemental media data to determine an appearance that is to be provided to the favorites page when the favorites page is caused to be displayed in the display of the controlling device in response to the received request comprises using the retrieved supplemental media data to determine if one or more of the plurality of icons is to be highlighted within the favorites page to be displayed. 15. The computer-readable media as recited in claim 10, wherein the retrieved supplemental media data is caused to be displayed with a corresponding one of the plurality of activable icons within the favorites page. 16. The computer-readable media as recited in claim 15, wherein the media provided by one or more of the plurality of media sources comprises a sporting event and wherein the supplemental media data comprises a time remaining in the sporting event. 17. The computer-readable media as recited in claim 15, wherein the media provided by one or more of the plurality of media sources comprises a sporting event and wherein the supplemental media data comprises a score in the sporting event. 18. The computer-readable media as recited in claim 1, wherein the media provided by one or more of the plurality of media sources comprises a broadcast program and wherein the supplemental media data comprises a time remaining in the broadcast program. 19. The computer-readable media as recited in claim 18, wherein the retrieved supplemental media data is caused to be displayed with a corresponding one of the plurality of activable icons within the favorites page. 20. The computer-readable media as recited in claim 1, wherein the retrieved supplemental media data is caused to be displayed with a corresponding one of the plurality of activable icons within the favorites page. | A controlling device is provided with the ability to present personalized program guide information by using personal preferences provided to a home computing device. The personal preferences are used to filter program guide data received at the home computing device whereby the program guide data will include only programming information for user-specified sources of programming for each of plural, different user-specified periods of time. The filtered program guide data is then downloaded to the controlling device from the home computing device for use in connection with an application of the controlling device that functions to display program guide information within a display of the controlling device.1. A non-transitory, computer readable media having stored thereon instructions which, when executed by a processing device of a controlling device, function to display in a display of the controlling device a favorites page having a plurality of activable icons each of which is associated with at least one command transmittable by the controlling device to cause an appliance to access a media that is provided by a one of the plurality of media sources, the instructions performing steps comprising:
receiving a request to display the favorites page in the display of the controlling device; accessing an external source of media information to retrieve supplemental media data that is associated with the media that is provided by each of the plurality of media sources; and using the retrieved supplemental media data to determine an appearance that is to be provided to the favorites page when the favorites page is caused to be displayed in the display of the controlling device in response to the received request. 2. The computer-readable media as recited in claim 1, wherein the step of accessing the external source of media information is performed in response to the request being received. 3. The computer-readable media as recited in claim 1, wherein the step of accessing the external source of media information comprises accessing one or more websites that have been associated with the favorites page. 4. The computer-readable media as recited in claim 3, wherein user input is provided to the controlling device to associate the one or more websites to be accessed with the favorites page. 5. The computer-readable media as recited in claim 1, wherein the media provided by one or more of the plurality of media sources comprises a sporting event and wherein the supplemental media data comprises a time remaining in the sporting event. 6. The computer-readable media as recited in claim 1, wherein the media provided by one or more of the plurality of media sources comprises a sporting event and wherein the supplemental media data comprises a score in the sporting event. 7. The computer-readable media as recited in claim 1, wherein the step of using the retrieved supplemental media data to determine an appearance that is to be provided to the favorites page when the favorites page is caused to be displayed in the display of the controlling device in response to the received request comprises using the retrieved supplemental media data to determine a positional layout for the plurality of icons within the favorites page to be displayed. 8. The computer-readable media as recited in claim 1, wherein the step of using the retrieved supplemental media data to determine an appearance that is to be provided to the favorites page when the favorites page is caused to be displayed in the display of the controlling device in response to the received request comprises using the retrieved supplemental media data to determine if one or more of the plurality of icons is to be highlighted within the favorites page to be displayed. 9. The computer-readable media as recited in claim 1, wherein the supplemental media data comprises user rating data for the media that is provided by each of the plurality of media sources. 10. The computer-readable media as recited in claim 1, wherein the instructions cause the supplemental media data to be periodically updated while the favorites page is being displayed within the display of the controlling device and wherein the updated supplemental media data is used to periodically alter the appearance that is provided to the favorites page as the favorites page is being displayed in the display of the controlling device. 11. The computer-readable media as recited in claim 10, wherein the media provided by one or more of the plurality of media sources comprises a sporting event and wherein the supplemental media data comprises a time remaining in the sporting event. 12. The computer-readable media as recited in claim 10, wherein the media provided by one or more of the plurality of media sources comprises a sporting event and wherein the supplemental media data comprises a score in the sporting event. 13. The computer-readable media as recited in claim 10, wherein the step of using the retrieved supplemental media data to determine an appearance that is to be provided to the favorites page when the favorites page is caused to be displayed in the display of the controlling device in response to the received request comprises using the retrieved supplemental media data to determine a positional layout for the plurality of icons within the favorites page to be displayed. 14. The computer-readable media as recited in claim 10, wherein the step of using the retrieved supplemental media data to determine an appearance that is to be provided to the favorites page when the favorites page is caused to be displayed in the display of the controlling device in response to the received request comprises using the retrieved supplemental media data to determine if one or more of the plurality of icons is to be highlighted within the favorites page to be displayed. 15. The computer-readable media as recited in claim 10, wherein the retrieved supplemental media data is caused to be displayed with a corresponding one of the plurality of activable icons within the favorites page. 16. The computer-readable media as recited in claim 15, wherein the media provided by one or more of the plurality of media sources comprises a sporting event and wherein the supplemental media data comprises a time remaining in the sporting event. 17. The computer-readable media as recited in claim 15, wherein the media provided by one or more of the plurality of media sources comprises a sporting event and wherein the supplemental media data comprises a score in the sporting event. 18. The computer-readable media as recited in claim 1, wherein the media provided by one or more of the plurality of media sources comprises a broadcast program and wherein the supplemental media data comprises a time remaining in the broadcast program. 19. The computer-readable media as recited in claim 18, wherein the retrieved supplemental media data is caused to be displayed with a corresponding one of the plurality of activable icons within the favorites page. 20. The computer-readable media as recited in claim 1, wherein the retrieved supplemental media data is caused to be displayed with a corresponding one of the plurality of activable icons within the favorites page. | 2,400 |
6,890 | 6,890 | 14,615,519 | 2,468 | An expandable cellular phone includes system for allowing the cellular phone to physically mate with, and electronically link to, an independently functional auxiliary module. The system includes a contact face on a backside of the device to mate to a corresponding back face of the auxiliary module. The back face of the expandable cellular phone includes at least one electrical contact at a location mirroring a location of a mating electrical contact on the corresponding face of the auxiliary module. Moreover, at least two locating points are provided on the back sides if both devices, with each locating point on one device including a locating pin, and each corresponding locating point on the other device including a receptacle for the locating pin. | 1. A portable modular electronic device comprising:
a first electronic device module having a first thickness, a first width greater than the first thickness, and a first length greater than the first width, the first electronic device module also having a first face perpendicular to the first thickness, and having one or more contact points and two or more locating points on the first face, the first electronic device module being configured to independently provide at least a first user; and a second electronic device module having a second thickness, a second width greater than the second thickness, and a second length greater than the second width, the second electronic device module also having a second face perpendicular to the device thickness, and having one or more contact points and two or more locating points on the second face, and an electronic display on a third face parallel to and opposite the second face, the second electronic device module being configured to independently provide at least a second user function, wherein the locations of the contact points and locating points on the first face coincide with the locations of the contact points and locating points on the second face, such that the first and second electronic device modules join together at the first and second faces to become physically joined and electronically linked, wherein the second electronic device module is configured to control the first electronic device module when the first and second electronic device modules are joined together at the first and second faces. 2. The portable modular electronic device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the first user function interacts with a user via the electronic display of the second electronic device module when the first and second electronic device modules are joined together at the first and second faces. 3. (canceled) 4. The portable modular electronic device in accordance with claim 1, wherein each of the first and second electronic device modules comprises a power source and controller. 5. The portable modular electronic device in accordance with claim 4, wherein the first and second electronic devices share at least one of power and control when the first and second electronic device modules are joined together at the first and second faces. 6. The portable modular electronic device in accordance with claim 1, wherein each electronic device module is configured to function independently of the other electronic device module as at least one of a camera, a speaker, a microphone, a memory card reader and a networked module. 7. The portable modular electronic device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the electronic display of the second electronic device module is a touch screen display. 8. The portable modular electronic device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the second electronic device module comprises a cellular connection circuit. 9. The portable modular electronic device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the one or more locating points of at least one of the first and second electronic device modules include at least one of magnets, ferrous plates, and alignment holes. 10. The portable modular electronic device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the one or more contact points of one of the first and second electronic device modules includes a spring-loaded moving contact at a contact location, and the other of the first and second electronic device modules includes a contact pad at a location coinciding with the contact location when the first and second electronic device modules are joined together at the first and second faces. 11. The portable modular electronic device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the first electronic device module is configured to function independently as one of a speaker system and a portable digital camera. 12. The portable modular electronic device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the second electronic device module is configured to function independently as a cellular phone. 13. An expandable portable cellular device comprising:
a processor and an electronic display; a power source configured to power the processor and the electronic display; and a housing having a thickness, and a width that is greater than the thickness, and having a length that is greater than the width, and having a contact face spanning substantially the housing width and length and having thereon at least one contact point and at least two locating points, the at least one contact point and at least two locating points being configured and located so as to mate with at least one corresponding contact point and at least two corresponding locating points respectively on a face of an auxiliary device when the auxiliary device is mated to the expandable portable cellular device at the contact face, wherein the processor is configured to control a function of the auxiliary device when the auxiliary device is mated to the expandable portable cellular device at the contact face. 14. (canceled) 15. The expandable portable cellular device in accordance with claim 13, wherein the expandable portable cellular device is configured to utilize a power source within the auxiliary device when the auxiliary device is mated to the expandable portable cellular device at the contact face. 16. The expandable portable cellular device in accordance with claim 13, wherein the controller is configured to use a function of the auxiliary device when the auxiliary device is mated to the expandable portable cellular device at the contact face, the function being one or more of a camera function, a speaker function, a microphone function, a memory card reading function, a speaker function and a networking function. 17. The expandable portable cellular device in accordance with claim 16, wherein the expandable portable cellular device includes a cellular connection circuit. 18. The expandable portable cellular device in accordance with claim 13, wherein each of the locating points includes at least one of a magnet, a ferrous plate, and an alignment hole. 19. The expandable portable cellular device in accordance with claim 13, wherein the at least one contact point includes one of a spring-loaded moving contact and a contact pad. 20. A method of configuring an independently functional cellular phone to mate physically and electronically to an independently functional auxiliary module, the method comprising, in any order:
constructing a housing for the cellular phone, the housing having circumferential edges and a display face configured to expose an electronic display to a user, and having a contact face on an opposite side of the housing for mating to a corresponding face of the auxiliary module, the first and second faces together covering substantially all of the external area of the housing except for the circumferential edges; providing at least one electrical contact within the contact face at a location mirroring a location of a mating electrical contact on the corresponding face of the auxiliary module; and providing at least two locating points within the contact face at locations mirroring the locations of at least two mating locating points on the corresponding face of the auxiliary module; and installing a processor within the housing, the processor being configured to utilize the function of the independently functional auxiliary module. | An expandable cellular phone includes system for allowing the cellular phone to physically mate with, and electronically link to, an independently functional auxiliary module. The system includes a contact face on a backside of the device to mate to a corresponding back face of the auxiliary module. The back face of the expandable cellular phone includes at least one electrical contact at a location mirroring a location of a mating electrical contact on the corresponding face of the auxiliary module. Moreover, at least two locating points are provided on the back sides if both devices, with each locating point on one device including a locating pin, and each corresponding locating point on the other device including a receptacle for the locating pin.1. A portable modular electronic device comprising:
a first electronic device module having a first thickness, a first width greater than the first thickness, and a first length greater than the first width, the first electronic device module also having a first face perpendicular to the first thickness, and having one or more contact points and two or more locating points on the first face, the first electronic device module being configured to independently provide at least a first user; and a second electronic device module having a second thickness, a second width greater than the second thickness, and a second length greater than the second width, the second electronic device module also having a second face perpendicular to the device thickness, and having one or more contact points and two or more locating points on the second face, and an electronic display on a third face parallel to and opposite the second face, the second electronic device module being configured to independently provide at least a second user function, wherein the locations of the contact points and locating points on the first face coincide with the locations of the contact points and locating points on the second face, such that the first and second electronic device modules join together at the first and second faces to become physically joined and electronically linked, wherein the second electronic device module is configured to control the first electronic device module when the first and second electronic device modules are joined together at the first and second faces. 2. The portable modular electronic device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the first user function interacts with a user via the electronic display of the second electronic device module when the first and second electronic device modules are joined together at the first and second faces. 3. (canceled) 4. The portable modular electronic device in accordance with claim 1, wherein each of the first and second electronic device modules comprises a power source and controller. 5. The portable modular electronic device in accordance with claim 4, wherein the first and second electronic devices share at least one of power and control when the first and second electronic device modules are joined together at the first and second faces. 6. The portable modular electronic device in accordance with claim 1, wherein each electronic device module is configured to function independently of the other electronic device module as at least one of a camera, a speaker, a microphone, a memory card reader and a networked module. 7. The portable modular electronic device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the electronic display of the second electronic device module is a touch screen display. 8. The portable modular electronic device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the second electronic device module comprises a cellular connection circuit. 9. The portable modular electronic device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the one or more locating points of at least one of the first and second electronic device modules include at least one of magnets, ferrous plates, and alignment holes. 10. The portable modular electronic device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the one or more contact points of one of the first and second electronic device modules includes a spring-loaded moving contact at a contact location, and the other of the first and second electronic device modules includes a contact pad at a location coinciding with the contact location when the first and second electronic device modules are joined together at the first and second faces. 11. The portable modular electronic device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the first electronic device module is configured to function independently as one of a speaker system and a portable digital camera. 12. The portable modular electronic device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the second electronic device module is configured to function independently as a cellular phone. 13. An expandable portable cellular device comprising:
a processor and an electronic display; a power source configured to power the processor and the electronic display; and a housing having a thickness, and a width that is greater than the thickness, and having a length that is greater than the width, and having a contact face spanning substantially the housing width and length and having thereon at least one contact point and at least two locating points, the at least one contact point and at least two locating points being configured and located so as to mate with at least one corresponding contact point and at least two corresponding locating points respectively on a face of an auxiliary device when the auxiliary device is mated to the expandable portable cellular device at the contact face, wherein the processor is configured to control a function of the auxiliary device when the auxiliary device is mated to the expandable portable cellular device at the contact face. 14. (canceled) 15. The expandable portable cellular device in accordance with claim 13, wherein the expandable portable cellular device is configured to utilize a power source within the auxiliary device when the auxiliary device is mated to the expandable portable cellular device at the contact face. 16. The expandable portable cellular device in accordance with claim 13, wherein the controller is configured to use a function of the auxiliary device when the auxiliary device is mated to the expandable portable cellular device at the contact face, the function being one or more of a camera function, a speaker function, a microphone function, a memory card reading function, a speaker function and a networking function. 17. The expandable portable cellular device in accordance with claim 16, wherein the expandable portable cellular device includes a cellular connection circuit. 18. The expandable portable cellular device in accordance with claim 13, wherein each of the locating points includes at least one of a magnet, a ferrous plate, and an alignment hole. 19. The expandable portable cellular device in accordance with claim 13, wherein the at least one contact point includes one of a spring-loaded moving contact and a contact pad. 20. A method of configuring an independently functional cellular phone to mate physically and electronically to an independently functional auxiliary module, the method comprising, in any order:
constructing a housing for the cellular phone, the housing having circumferential edges and a display face configured to expose an electronic display to a user, and having a contact face on an opposite side of the housing for mating to a corresponding face of the auxiliary module, the first and second faces together covering substantially all of the external area of the housing except for the circumferential edges; providing at least one electrical contact within the contact face at a location mirroring a location of a mating electrical contact on the corresponding face of the auxiliary module; and providing at least two locating points within the contact face at locations mirroring the locations of at least two mating locating points on the corresponding face of the auxiliary module; and installing a processor within the housing, the processor being configured to utilize the function of the independently functional auxiliary module. | 2,400 |
6,891 | 6,891 | 13,430,002 | 2,456 | A method of detecting a vulnerability in a Web service can include determining, using a processor, whether a Web service uses identity of a requester to select one of a plurality of different paths of a branch in program code of the Web service. The method further can include, responsive to determining that the Web service does select one of a plurality of different paths of a branch according to identity of the requester, indicating that the Web service has a potential vulnerability. | 1. A method detecting a vulnerability in a Web service, the method comprising:
determining, using a processor, whether a Web service uses identity of a requester to select one of a plurality of different paths of a branch in program code of the Web service; and responsive to determining that the Web service does select one of a plurality of different paths of a branch according to identity of the requester, indicating that the Web service has a potential vulnerability. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a trusted identity to which identity of the requester is compared; and submitting a payload to the Web service while impersonating the trusted identity. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
instrumenting the program code of the Web service with first diagnostic program code configured to determine the trusted identity responsive to execution of the Web service. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
defeating identity verification within the Web service. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
instrumenting the program code of the Web service using second diagnostic program code configured to defeat identity verification responsive to execution of the Web service. 6. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
defeating identity decryption within the Web service. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
instrumenting the program code of the Web service using second diagnostic program code configured to defeat identity decryption within the Web service responsive to execution of the Web service. 8. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
comparing a response to the payload from the Web service with an expected response; and indicating whether the Web service has a vulnerability according to the comparing. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
locating a seed instruction in the program code of the Web service in which identity of the requester is determined; and determining whether a value of the seed instruction that indicates identity of the requestor is determinative in selecting one of the plurality of paths for the branch. 10. A method of detecting a vulnerability in a Web service, the method comprising:
locating a seed instruction in program code of a Web service in which identity of a requester is determined; determining, using a processor, whether a value from the seed instruction indicating identity of the requester is determinative in selecting between a plurality of paths for a branch in program code of the Web service; and indicating that the Web service includes a potential vulnerability responsive to determining that the value from the seed instruction is determinative in selecting between the plurality of paths for the branch. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
instrumenting the program code of the Web service with first diagnostic program code configured to determine a trusted identity to which identity of the requester is compared responsive to execution of the Web service with the first diagnostic program code to determine the trusted identity. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
submitting a payload to the Web service while impersonating the trusted identity. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
comparing a response from the Web service to the payload with an expected response. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
instrumenting the program code of the Web service with second diagnostic program code configured to defeat identity verification within the Web service responsive to execution of the Web service. 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
instrumenting the program code of the Web service with second diagnostic program code configured to defeat identity decryption within the Web service responsive to execution of the Web service. 16-25. (canceled) | A method of detecting a vulnerability in a Web service can include determining, using a processor, whether a Web service uses identity of a requester to select one of a plurality of different paths of a branch in program code of the Web service. The method further can include, responsive to determining that the Web service does select one of a plurality of different paths of a branch according to identity of the requester, indicating that the Web service has a potential vulnerability.1. A method detecting a vulnerability in a Web service, the method comprising:
determining, using a processor, whether a Web service uses identity of a requester to select one of a plurality of different paths of a branch in program code of the Web service; and responsive to determining that the Web service does select one of a plurality of different paths of a branch according to identity of the requester, indicating that the Web service has a potential vulnerability. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a trusted identity to which identity of the requester is compared; and submitting a payload to the Web service while impersonating the trusted identity. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
instrumenting the program code of the Web service with first diagnostic program code configured to determine the trusted identity responsive to execution of the Web service. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
defeating identity verification within the Web service. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
instrumenting the program code of the Web service using second diagnostic program code configured to defeat identity verification responsive to execution of the Web service. 6. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
defeating identity decryption within the Web service. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
instrumenting the program code of the Web service using second diagnostic program code configured to defeat identity decryption within the Web service responsive to execution of the Web service. 8. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
comparing a response to the payload from the Web service with an expected response; and indicating whether the Web service has a vulnerability according to the comparing. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
locating a seed instruction in the program code of the Web service in which identity of the requester is determined; and determining whether a value of the seed instruction that indicates identity of the requestor is determinative in selecting one of the plurality of paths for the branch. 10. A method of detecting a vulnerability in a Web service, the method comprising:
locating a seed instruction in program code of a Web service in which identity of a requester is determined; determining, using a processor, whether a value from the seed instruction indicating identity of the requester is determinative in selecting between a plurality of paths for a branch in program code of the Web service; and indicating that the Web service includes a potential vulnerability responsive to determining that the value from the seed instruction is determinative in selecting between the plurality of paths for the branch. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
instrumenting the program code of the Web service with first diagnostic program code configured to determine a trusted identity to which identity of the requester is compared responsive to execution of the Web service with the first diagnostic program code to determine the trusted identity. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
submitting a payload to the Web service while impersonating the trusted identity. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
comparing a response from the Web service to the payload with an expected response. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
instrumenting the program code of the Web service with second diagnostic program code configured to defeat identity verification within the Web service responsive to execution of the Web service. 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
instrumenting the program code of the Web service with second diagnostic program code configured to defeat identity decryption within the Web service responsive to execution of the Web service. 16-25. (canceled) | 2,400 |
6,892 | 6,892 | 13,031,227 | 2,472 | The present invention provides a mixed analog and digital chip-scale reconfigurable WDM network. The network suitably includes a router that enables rapidly configurable wavelength selective routers of fiber optic data. The router suitably incorporates photonic wavelength selective optical add/drop filters and multiplexers. | 1-47. (canceled) 48. A WDM router comprising a chip, the chip including a programmable wavelength filter resonator for changing paths of different wavelength channels of light, and a device for cross-connecting selected wavelength to selected outputs, the resonator including at least one of dynamically programmable wavelength filter photonic crystal resonator components and dynamically programmable wavelength filter ring resonator components. 49. The WDM router of claim 48, wherein the resonator includes tunable wavelength filter ring resonator components. 50. The WDM router of claim 49, wherein the wavelength filter ring resonator components are wavelength tunable by changing the resonator's index to change effective cavity length. 51. The WDM router of claim 49, wherein the wavelength filter ring resonator components are EO voltage index tunable. 52. The WDM router of claim 49, wherein the wavelength filter ring resonator components are Q-tunable by altering optical loss within the resonator. 53. The WDM router of claim 52, wherein the wavelength filter resonator components include a Q-tunable optically active layer on top of a passive ring waveguide. 54. The WDM router of claim 48, wherein the resonator includes tunable wavelength filter photonic crystal resonator components. 55. The WDM router of claim 54, wherein the resonator components include a tunable wavelength filter photonic crystal; wherein the photonic crystal includes defects made of electro-optic polymers; and wherein index of refraction of a defect is changed by subjecting the electro-optical polymer to an electrical voltage, whereby the wavelength filter resonator is dynamically programmable. 56. The WDM router of claim 55, wherein the wavelength filter resonator includes a photonic crystal resonator having tuned wavelength filter resonant cavities in optically thin slabs. 57. The WDM router of claim 54, wherein the wavelength filter photonic crystal resonator components are wavelength tunable by changing index of photonic crystal defect to change effective cavity length. 58. The WDM router of claim 48, wherein the cross-connect device routes outputs of the resonator according to wavelength and programmable electronic inputs. 59. The WDM router of claim 48, wherein the cross-connect device includes a passive superprism. 60. The WDM router of claim 48, wherein the resonator is programmable to correct for minor imperfections and to allow control of resonator characteristics. | The present invention provides a mixed analog and digital chip-scale reconfigurable WDM network. The network suitably includes a router that enables rapidly configurable wavelength selective routers of fiber optic data. The router suitably incorporates photonic wavelength selective optical add/drop filters and multiplexers.1-47. (canceled) 48. A WDM router comprising a chip, the chip including a programmable wavelength filter resonator for changing paths of different wavelength channels of light, and a device for cross-connecting selected wavelength to selected outputs, the resonator including at least one of dynamically programmable wavelength filter photonic crystal resonator components and dynamically programmable wavelength filter ring resonator components. 49. The WDM router of claim 48, wherein the resonator includes tunable wavelength filter ring resonator components. 50. The WDM router of claim 49, wherein the wavelength filter ring resonator components are wavelength tunable by changing the resonator's index to change effective cavity length. 51. The WDM router of claim 49, wherein the wavelength filter ring resonator components are EO voltage index tunable. 52. The WDM router of claim 49, wherein the wavelength filter ring resonator components are Q-tunable by altering optical loss within the resonator. 53. The WDM router of claim 52, wherein the wavelength filter resonator components include a Q-tunable optically active layer on top of a passive ring waveguide. 54. The WDM router of claim 48, wherein the resonator includes tunable wavelength filter photonic crystal resonator components. 55. The WDM router of claim 54, wherein the resonator components include a tunable wavelength filter photonic crystal; wherein the photonic crystal includes defects made of electro-optic polymers; and wherein index of refraction of a defect is changed by subjecting the electro-optical polymer to an electrical voltage, whereby the wavelength filter resonator is dynamically programmable. 56. The WDM router of claim 55, wherein the wavelength filter resonator includes a photonic crystal resonator having tuned wavelength filter resonant cavities in optically thin slabs. 57. The WDM router of claim 54, wherein the wavelength filter photonic crystal resonator components are wavelength tunable by changing index of photonic crystal defect to change effective cavity length. 58. The WDM router of claim 48, wherein the cross-connect device routes outputs of the resonator according to wavelength and programmable electronic inputs. 59. The WDM router of claim 48, wherein the cross-connect device includes a passive superprism. 60. The WDM router of claim 48, wherein the resonator is programmable to correct for minor imperfections and to allow control of resonator characteristics. | 2,400 |
6,893 | 6,893 | 14,885,239 | 2,487 | A contactless fingerprint acquisition and processing method, includes detecting and acquiring an object image, converting the object image into a fingerprint image and at least one of identifying and verifying the fingerprint image. | 1. A contactless fingerprint acquisition and processing method, comprising:
detecting and acquiring an object image; converting the object image into a fingerprint image; and at least one of identifying and verifying the fingerprint image. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein an object associated with the object image is an enrollment card. 3. The method as claimed in claim 2 further comprising enrolling a fingerprint image associated with the enrollment card. 4. The method as claimed in claim 3 further comprising generating a fingerprint template to store the fingerprint image associated with the enrollment card. 5. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein an object associated with the object image is at least one of a finger print and a palm print. 6. The method as claimed in claim 5 wherein identifying the fingerprint image comprises comparing the fingerprint image with previously stored fingerprints. 7. The method as claimed in claim 6 further comprising generating a matching score between the fingerprint image and the previously stored fingerprints. 8. The method as claimed in claim 5 wherein verifying the fingerprint image comprises comparing the fingerprint image with a previous fingerprint image associated with an individual presenting the object image. 9. The method as claimed in claim 1 further comprising adjusting focusing on the object image, wherein adjusting focusing on the image includes at least one of a multi-frame focus, a coded aperture focus, a focus trap and stereo deconvolution. 10. A computer program product having a non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions for causing a computer to perform a contactless fingerprint acquisition and processing method, the method comprising:
detecting and acquiring an object image; converting the object image into a fingerprint image; and at least one of identifying and verifying the fingerprint image. 11. The computer program product as claimed in claim 10 wherein an object associated with the object image is an enrollment card. 12. The computer program product as claimed in claim 11 further comprising enrolling a fingerprint image associated with the enrollment card. 13. The computer program product as claimed in claim 12 further comprising generating a fingerprint template to store the fingerprint image associated with the enrollment card. 14. The computer program product as claimed in claim 10 wherein an object associated with the objet image is at least one of a finger print and a palm print. 15. The computer program product as claimed in claim 14 wherein identifying the fingerprint image comprises comparing the fingerprint image with previously stored fingerprints. 16. The computer program product as claimed in claim 15 further comprising generating a matching score between the fingerprint image and the previously stored fingerprints. 17. The computer program product as claimed in claim 14 wherein verifying the fingerprint image comprises comparing the fingerprint image with a previous fingerprint image associated with an individual presenting the object image. 18. The computer program product as claimed in claim 10 further comprising adjusting focusing on the object image, wherein adjusting focusing on the image includes at least one of a multi-frame focus, a coded aperture focus, a focus trap and stereo deconvolution. 19. A contactless fingerprint acquisition and processing system, comprising:
a housing; a processor disposed in the housing; a detector assembly operatively coupled to the processor and configured to acquire fingerprint images; and a process configured to
detect and acquire an object image;
convert the object image to a fingerprint image;
enroll the fingerprint image; and
at least one of identifying and verifying the fingerprint image. 20. The system as claimed in claim 19 wherein the process is further configured to adjust focusing on the object image, wherein adjusting focusing on the image includes at least one of a multi-frame focus, a coded aperture focus, a focus trap and stereo deconvolution. | A contactless fingerprint acquisition and processing method, includes detecting and acquiring an object image, converting the object image into a fingerprint image and at least one of identifying and verifying the fingerprint image.1. A contactless fingerprint acquisition and processing method, comprising:
detecting and acquiring an object image; converting the object image into a fingerprint image; and at least one of identifying and verifying the fingerprint image. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein an object associated with the object image is an enrollment card. 3. The method as claimed in claim 2 further comprising enrolling a fingerprint image associated with the enrollment card. 4. The method as claimed in claim 3 further comprising generating a fingerprint template to store the fingerprint image associated with the enrollment card. 5. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein an object associated with the object image is at least one of a finger print and a palm print. 6. The method as claimed in claim 5 wherein identifying the fingerprint image comprises comparing the fingerprint image with previously stored fingerprints. 7. The method as claimed in claim 6 further comprising generating a matching score between the fingerprint image and the previously stored fingerprints. 8. The method as claimed in claim 5 wherein verifying the fingerprint image comprises comparing the fingerprint image with a previous fingerprint image associated with an individual presenting the object image. 9. The method as claimed in claim 1 further comprising adjusting focusing on the object image, wherein adjusting focusing on the image includes at least one of a multi-frame focus, a coded aperture focus, a focus trap and stereo deconvolution. 10. A computer program product having a non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions for causing a computer to perform a contactless fingerprint acquisition and processing method, the method comprising:
detecting and acquiring an object image; converting the object image into a fingerprint image; and at least one of identifying and verifying the fingerprint image. 11. The computer program product as claimed in claim 10 wherein an object associated with the object image is an enrollment card. 12. The computer program product as claimed in claim 11 further comprising enrolling a fingerprint image associated with the enrollment card. 13. The computer program product as claimed in claim 12 further comprising generating a fingerprint template to store the fingerprint image associated with the enrollment card. 14. The computer program product as claimed in claim 10 wherein an object associated with the objet image is at least one of a finger print and a palm print. 15. The computer program product as claimed in claim 14 wherein identifying the fingerprint image comprises comparing the fingerprint image with previously stored fingerprints. 16. The computer program product as claimed in claim 15 further comprising generating a matching score between the fingerprint image and the previously stored fingerprints. 17. The computer program product as claimed in claim 14 wherein verifying the fingerprint image comprises comparing the fingerprint image with a previous fingerprint image associated with an individual presenting the object image. 18. The computer program product as claimed in claim 10 further comprising adjusting focusing on the object image, wherein adjusting focusing on the image includes at least one of a multi-frame focus, a coded aperture focus, a focus trap and stereo deconvolution. 19. A contactless fingerprint acquisition and processing system, comprising:
a housing; a processor disposed in the housing; a detector assembly operatively coupled to the processor and configured to acquire fingerprint images; and a process configured to
detect and acquire an object image;
convert the object image to a fingerprint image;
enroll the fingerprint image; and
at least one of identifying and verifying the fingerprint image. 20. The system as claimed in claim 19 wherein the process is further configured to adjust focusing on the object image, wherein adjusting focusing on the image includes at least one of a multi-frame focus, a coded aperture focus, a focus trap and stereo deconvolution. | 2,400 |
6,894 | 6,894 | 14,576,089 | 2,432 | Embodiments described herein provide systems and method for implementing privacy control in a co-browsing environment. In a particular embodiment, a method provides receiving an instruction in a co-browsing server to initiate a co-browsing session for a website with a first client and a second client. The method further provides receiving first privacy settings from the first client, wherein the first privacy settings indicate how the website should be presented at the second client. The method further provides presenting the website at the first client and presenting the website at the second client based on the first privacy settings. | 1. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by a co-browsing system, direct the co-browsing system to perform a method of facilitating control in a co-browsing session, the method comprising:
establishing a co-browsing session for a website with a first client device and a second client device; receiving first permission from the first client device allowing input from the second client device to be presented on the website at the first client device; after receiving the first permission, receiving first input from the second client device; and applying an indication of the first input to the website for presentation at the first client device. 2. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
receiving second permission from the first client device allowing input from the second client device to interact with the website on behalf of the first client device; and after receiving the second permission, receiving second input from the second client device. 3. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 2, wherein the method further comprises applying the second input to the website for presentation at the first client device. 4. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 2, wherein the second input comprises text entered into a field of the website. 5. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 2, wherein the second input comprises selection of a selectable element of the website. 6. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 5, wherein the method further comprises:
if the selection of the selectable element constitutes a form of data submission, querying a user of the first client device for authorization of the second input; upon receiving the authorization, applying the second input to the website. 7. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 5, wherein the method further comprises:
if the selection of the selectable element performs an action that directs to another domain, providing a preview of the action to a user of the first client device and querying the user for authorization of the second input; upon receiving the authorization, applying the second input to the website. 8. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 2, wherein the method further comprises:
after receiving the second permission, receiving a revocation of at least the second permission from the first client device. 9. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 1, wherein the first input comprises positioning of a graphical indicator over at least a portion of the website. 10. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 1, wherein the first input comprises highlighting at least a portion of the website. 11. A co-browsing system configured to perform a method of facilitating control in a co-browsing session, the co-browsing system comprising:
a processing system configured to establish a co-browsing session for a website with a first client device and a second client device; a communication interface configured to receive first permission from the first client device allowing input from the second client device to be presented on the website at the first client device; and after receiving the first permission, the processing system further configured to receive first input from the second client device and apply an indication of the first input to the website for presentation at the first client device. 12. The co-browsing system of claim 11, further comprising:
the communication interface configured to receive second permission from the first client device allowing input from the second client device to interact with the website on behalf of the first client device and, after receiving the second permission, receive second input from the second client device. 13. The co-browsing system of claim 12, further comprising:
the processing system configured to apply the second input to the website for presentation at the first client device. 14. The co-browsing system of claim 12, wherein the second input comprises text entered into a field of the website. 15. The co-browsing system of claim 12, wherein the second input comprises selection of a selectable element of the website. 16. The co-browsing system of claim 15, further comprising:
the processing system configured to query a user of the first client device for authorization of the second input if the selection of the selectable element constitutes a form of data submission and, upon receiving the authorization, apply the second input to the website. 17. The co-browsing system of claim 15, further comprising:
the processing system configured to, if the selection of the selectable element performs an action that directs to another domain, providing a preview of the action to a user of the first client device and querying the user for authorization of the second input and, upon receiving the authorization, applying the second input to the website. 18. The co-browsing system of claim 12, further comprising:
the communication interface configured to receive a revocation of at least the second permission from the first client device after receiving the second permission. 19. The co-browsing system of claim 11, wherein the first input comprises positioning of a graphical indicator over at least a portion of the website. 20. The co-browsing system of claim 11, wherein the first input comprises highlighting at least a portion of the website. | Embodiments described herein provide systems and method for implementing privacy control in a co-browsing environment. In a particular embodiment, a method provides receiving an instruction in a co-browsing server to initiate a co-browsing session for a website with a first client and a second client. The method further provides receiving first privacy settings from the first client, wherein the first privacy settings indicate how the website should be presented at the second client. The method further provides presenting the website at the first client and presenting the website at the second client based on the first privacy settings.1. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by a co-browsing system, direct the co-browsing system to perform a method of facilitating control in a co-browsing session, the method comprising:
establishing a co-browsing session for a website with a first client device and a second client device; receiving first permission from the first client device allowing input from the second client device to be presented on the website at the first client device; after receiving the first permission, receiving first input from the second client device; and applying an indication of the first input to the website for presentation at the first client device. 2. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
receiving second permission from the first client device allowing input from the second client device to interact with the website on behalf of the first client device; and after receiving the second permission, receiving second input from the second client device. 3. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 2, wherein the method further comprises applying the second input to the website for presentation at the first client device. 4. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 2, wherein the second input comprises text entered into a field of the website. 5. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 2, wherein the second input comprises selection of a selectable element of the website. 6. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 5, wherein the method further comprises:
if the selection of the selectable element constitutes a form of data submission, querying a user of the first client device for authorization of the second input; upon receiving the authorization, applying the second input to the website. 7. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 5, wherein the method further comprises:
if the selection of the selectable element performs an action that directs to another domain, providing a preview of the action to a user of the first client device and querying the user for authorization of the second input; upon receiving the authorization, applying the second input to the website. 8. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 2, wherein the method further comprises:
after receiving the second permission, receiving a revocation of at least the second permission from the first client device. 9. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 1, wherein the first input comprises positioning of a graphical indicator over at least a portion of the website. 10. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 1, wherein the first input comprises highlighting at least a portion of the website. 11. A co-browsing system configured to perform a method of facilitating control in a co-browsing session, the co-browsing system comprising:
a processing system configured to establish a co-browsing session for a website with a first client device and a second client device; a communication interface configured to receive first permission from the first client device allowing input from the second client device to be presented on the website at the first client device; and after receiving the first permission, the processing system further configured to receive first input from the second client device and apply an indication of the first input to the website for presentation at the first client device. 12. The co-browsing system of claim 11, further comprising:
the communication interface configured to receive second permission from the first client device allowing input from the second client device to interact with the website on behalf of the first client device and, after receiving the second permission, receive second input from the second client device. 13. The co-browsing system of claim 12, further comprising:
the processing system configured to apply the second input to the website for presentation at the first client device. 14. The co-browsing system of claim 12, wherein the second input comprises text entered into a field of the website. 15. The co-browsing system of claim 12, wherein the second input comprises selection of a selectable element of the website. 16. The co-browsing system of claim 15, further comprising:
the processing system configured to query a user of the first client device for authorization of the second input if the selection of the selectable element constitutes a form of data submission and, upon receiving the authorization, apply the second input to the website. 17. The co-browsing system of claim 15, further comprising:
the processing system configured to, if the selection of the selectable element performs an action that directs to another domain, providing a preview of the action to a user of the first client device and querying the user for authorization of the second input and, upon receiving the authorization, applying the second input to the website. 18. The co-browsing system of claim 12, further comprising:
the communication interface configured to receive a revocation of at least the second permission from the first client device after receiving the second permission. 19. The co-browsing system of claim 11, wherein the first input comprises positioning of a graphical indicator over at least a portion of the website. 20. The co-browsing system of claim 11, wherein the first input comprises highlighting at least a portion of the website. | 2,400 |
6,895 | 6,895 | 14,444,900 | 2,447 | Systems, methods, and devices for spatial adaptation with dynamic adaptive streaming are disclosed. In an embodiment, systems, methods and devices are disclosed for signaling a spatial relationship of one or more tiles in a tiled presentation with an attribute in a media presentation description. In other embodiments, systems, methods and devices are disclosed for server-managed adaptive streaming wherein a client generates and transmits a spatial adaptation URL query parameter to the server for free-zooming or free view-angle spatial adaptation to a region of interest. | 1. In a dynamic adaptive streaming system, a method of signaling a spatial relationship of one or more spatial objects in a media presentation description, the method comprising:
specifying spatial division and layout information of spatial objects; and, specifying location and spatial relationship information of the spatial objects, wherein streaming adaptation in the spatial domain is from one spatial object to another spatially related spatial object. 2. The method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the spatial division and layout information is different layers of grids of tiles, the location information is coordinates in terms of row numbers and column numbers of tiles at their respective layers, and the spatial relationship information is adjacent information of the spatial objects on a same layer as well as across different layers. 3. The method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the attribute is common to a representation. 4. The method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the attribute is common to a sub-representation. 5. The method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the attribute is common to an adaptation set. 6. A server-managed adaptive streaming system, comprising:
a client operable to generate and transmit a set of URL query parameters for spatial adaptation to a region of interest; and a server operable to transmit one or more segments to the client responsive to the set of spatial adaptation URL query parameters, the one or more segments corresponding to the region of interest indicated by the URL query parameters for spatial adaptation. 7. The system in accordance with claim 6 wherein the set of URL query parameters for spatial adaptation is for free-zooming to a region of interest. 8. The system in accordance with claim 7 wherein the set of URL query parameters comprises a pair of un-signed integers representing x and y position coordinates of the ROI. 9. The system in accordance with claim 7 wherein the set of URL query parameters comprises a pair of un-signed integers, representing a horizontal and vertical size of the ROI. 10. The system of claim 7 wherein the set of URL query parameters comprises an un-signed integer, representing a quality ranking of the ROI. 11. A method of server-managed adaptive streaming, the method comprising:
generating, by a client, a set of URL query parameters for spatial adaptation to a region of interest; transmitting the generated set of URL query parameters to a server; and transmitting, from the server, a segment to the client in response to the received set of URL query parameters, the segment corresponding to the URL query parameters. 12. The method in accordance with claim 11 wherein the set of URL query parameters comprises a pair of un-signed integers representing x and y position coordinates of the ROI. 13. The method in accordance with claim 11 wherein the set of URL query parameters comprises a pair of un-signed integers, representing a horizontal and vertical size of the ROI. 14. The method in accordance with claim 11 wherein the set of URL query parameters comprises an un-signed integer, representing a quality ranking of the ROI. 15. The method in accordance with claim 11 wherein the set of URL query parameters for spatial adaptation is for free-zooming to a region of interest. | Systems, methods, and devices for spatial adaptation with dynamic adaptive streaming are disclosed. In an embodiment, systems, methods and devices are disclosed for signaling a spatial relationship of one or more tiles in a tiled presentation with an attribute in a media presentation description. In other embodiments, systems, methods and devices are disclosed for server-managed adaptive streaming wherein a client generates and transmits a spatial adaptation URL query parameter to the server for free-zooming or free view-angle spatial adaptation to a region of interest.1. In a dynamic adaptive streaming system, a method of signaling a spatial relationship of one or more spatial objects in a media presentation description, the method comprising:
specifying spatial division and layout information of spatial objects; and, specifying location and spatial relationship information of the spatial objects, wherein streaming adaptation in the spatial domain is from one spatial object to another spatially related spatial object. 2. The method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the spatial division and layout information is different layers of grids of tiles, the location information is coordinates in terms of row numbers and column numbers of tiles at their respective layers, and the spatial relationship information is adjacent information of the spatial objects on a same layer as well as across different layers. 3. The method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the attribute is common to a representation. 4. The method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the attribute is common to a sub-representation. 5. The method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the attribute is common to an adaptation set. 6. A server-managed adaptive streaming system, comprising:
a client operable to generate and transmit a set of URL query parameters for spatial adaptation to a region of interest; and a server operable to transmit one or more segments to the client responsive to the set of spatial adaptation URL query parameters, the one or more segments corresponding to the region of interest indicated by the URL query parameters for spatial adaptation. 7. The system in accordance with claim 6 wherein the set of URL query parameters for spatial adaptation is for free-zooming to a region of interest. 8. The system in accordance with claim 7 wherein the set of URL query parameters comprises a pair of un-signed integers representing x and y position coordinates of the ROI. 9. The system in accordance with claim 7 wherein the set of URL query parameters comprises a pair of un-signed integers, representing a horizontal and vertical size of the ROI. 10. The system of claim 7 wherein the set of URL query parameters comprises an un-signed integer, representing a quality ranking of the ROI. 11. A method of server-managed adaptive streaming, the method comprising:
generating, by a client, a set of URL query parameters for spatial adaptation to a region of interest; transmitting the generated set of URL query parameters to a server; and transmitting, from the server, a segment to the client in response to the received set of URL query parameters, the segment corresponding to the URL query parameters. 12. The method in accordance with claim 11 wherein the set of URL query parameters comprises a pair of un-signed integers representing x and y position coordinates of the ROI. 13. The method in accordance with claim 11 wherein the set of URL query parameters comprises a pair of un-signed integers, representing a horizontal and vertical size of the ROI. 14. The method in accordance with claim 11 wherein the set of URL query parameters comprises an un-signed integer, representing a quality ranking of the ROI. 15. The method in accordance with claim 11 wherein the set of URL query parameters for spatial adaptation is for free-zooming to a region of interest. | 2,400 |
6,896 | 6,896 | 14,462,203 | 2,435 | On a computer system, a shell is invoked, through which a plurality of commands and/or scripts can be executed. Individual ones of the plurality of commands and/or scripts are validated. Given individual ones of the plurality of commands and/or scripts, for which the validation is successful, are executed via the shell. | 1. A method comprising:
invoking, on a computer system, a shell through which a plurality of at least one of commands and scripts can be executed; validating individual ones of said plurality of at least one of commands and scripts; and executing, via said shell, given individual ones of said plurality of at least one of commands and scripts, for which said validation is successful. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said validating is carried out based on user roles, policies, and a configuration profile. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
obtaining change tickets; and accessing said configuration profile based on said change tickets. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein said accessing comprises choosing an existing configuration profile based on said change tickets. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein said accessing comprises building a new configuration profile based on said change tickets. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein said validating is carried out at shell level by said shell. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein said validating comprises:
assigning each individual one of said plurality of at least one of commands and scripts to a category, said categories comprising at least a GO category and a NO GO category; accepting individual ones of said plurality of at least one of commands and scripts in said GO category; and rejecting individual ones of said plurality of at least one of commands and scripts in said NO GO category. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein, in said assigning step, said categories further comprise a NOT SURE category, further comprising:
accepting individual ones of said plurality of at least one of commands and scripts in said NOT SURE category if policy-compliant; and rejecting individual ones of said plurality of at least one of commands and scripts in said NO GO category if not policy-compliant. 9. The method of claim 3, wherein said validating is carried out at operating system level. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein said validating comprises, for a plurality of system calls associated with said plurality of at least one of commands and scripts:
accepting non-intrusive ones of said system calls; accepting intrusive ones of said system calls, if policy-compliant; and rejecting intrusive ones of said system calls, if not policy-compliant. 11. A computer system comprising:
a memory; and at least one processor, coupled to said memory, and operative to:
invoke a shell through which a plurality of at least one of commands and scripts can be executed;
validate individual ones of said plurality of at least one of commands and scripts; and
execute, via said shell, given individual ones of said plurality of at least one of commands and scripts, for which said validation is successful. 12. The computer system of claim 11, wherein said at least one processor is operative to validate based on user roles, policies, and a configuration profile. 13. The computer system of claim 12, wherein said at least one processor is further operative to:
obtain change tickets; and access said configuration profile based on said change tickets. 14. The computer system of claim 13, wherein said at least one processor is operative to access by choosing an existing configuration profile based on said change tickets. 15. The computer system of claim 13, wherein said at least one processor is operative to access by building a new configuration profile based on said change tickets. 16. A computer program product, the computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, wherein the computer readable storage medium is not a transitory signal per se, the program instructions executable by a computer system to cause the computer system to perform a method comprising:
invoking, on the computer system, a shell through which a plurality of at least one of commands and scripts can be executed; validating individual ones of said plurality of at least one of commands and scripts; and executing, via said shell, given individual ones of said plurality of at least one of commands and scripts, for which said validation is successful. 17. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein said validating is carried out based on user roles, policies, and a configuration profile. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein the program instructions are executable by the computer system to cause the computer system to perform said method, said method further comprising:
obtaining change tickets; and accessing said configuration profile based on said change tickets. 19. The computer program product of claim 18, wherein said accessing comprises choosing an existing configuration profile based on said change tickets. 20. The computer program product of claim 18, wherein said accessing comprises building a new configuration profile based on said change tickets. | On a computer system, a shell is invoked, through which a plurality of commands and/or scripts can be executed. Individual ones of the plurality of commands and/or scripts are validated. Given individual ones of the plurality of commands and/or scripts, for which the validation is successful, are executed via the shell.1. A method comprising:
invoking, on a computer system, a shell through which a plurality of at least one of commands and scripts can be executed; validating individual ones of said plurality of at least one of commands and scripts; and executing, via said shell, given individual ones of said plurality of at least one of commands and scripts, for which said validation is successful. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said validating is carried out based on user roles, policies, and a configuration profile. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
obtaining change tickets; and accessing said configuration profile based on said change tickets. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein said accessing comprises choosing an existing configuration profile based on said change tickets. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein said accessing comprises building a new configuration profile based on said change tickets. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein said validating is carried out at shell level by said shell. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein said validating comprises:
assigning each individual one of said plurality of at least one of commands and scripts to a category, said categories comprising at least a GO category and a NO GO category; accepting individual ones of said plurality of at least one of commands and scripts in said GO category; and rejecting individual ones of said plurality of at least one of commands and scripts in said NO GO category. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein, in said assigning step, said categories further comprise a NOT SURE category, further comprising:
accepting individual ones of said plurality of at least one of commands and scripts in said NOT SURE category if policy-compliant; and rejecting individual ones of said plurality of at least one of commands and scripts in said NO GO category if not policy-compliant. 9. The method of claim 3, wherein said validating is carried out at operating system level. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein said validating comprises, for a plurality of system calls associated with said plurality of at least one of commands and scripts:
accepting non-intrusive ones of said system calls; accepting intrusive ones of said system calls, if policy-compliant; and rejecting intrusive ones of said system calls, if not policy-compliant. 11. A computer system comprising:
a memory; and at least one processor, coupled to said memory, and operative to:
invoke a shell through which a plurality of at least one of commands and scripts can be executed;
validate individual ones of said plurality of at least one of commands and scripts; and
execute, via said shell, given individual ones of said plurality of at least one of commands and scripts, for which said validation is successful. 12. The computer system of claim 11, wherein said at least one processor is operative to validate based on user roles, policies, and a configuration profile. 13. The computer system of claim 12, wherein said at least one processor is further operative to:
obtain change tickets; and access said configuration profile based on said change tickets. 14. The computer system of claim 13, wherein said at least one processor is operative to access by choosing an existing configuration profile based on said change tickets. 15. The computer system of claim 13, wherein said at least one processor is operative to access by building a new configuration profile based on said change tickets. 16. A computer program product, the computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, wherein the computer readable storage medium is not a transitory signal per se, the program instructions executable by a computer system to cause the computer system to perform a method comprising:
invoking, on the computer system, a shell through which a plurality of at least one of commands and scripts can be executed; validating individual ones of said plurality of at least one of commands and scripts; and executing, via said shell, given individual ones of said plurality of at least one of commands and scripts, for which said validation is successful. 17. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein said validating is carried out based on user roles, policies, and a configuration profile. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein the program instructions are executable by the computer system to cause the computer system to perform said method, said method further comprising:
obtaining change tickets; and accessing said configuration profile based on said change tickets. 19. The computer program product of claim 18, wherein said accessing comprises choosing an existing configuration profile based on said change tickets. 20. The computer program product of claim 18, wherein said accessing comprises building a new configuration profile based on said change tickets. | 2,400 |
6,897 | 6,897 | 15,465,756 | 2,454 | A surveillance video broker arbitrates access by multiple clients to multiple surveillance video sources. Both clients and sources register with the broker. Each source independently specifies respective clients permitted real-time access to its video and conditions of access, if any. Preferably, the video source is a local surveillance domain having one or more cameras, one or more sensors, and a local controller, the source specifying clients or client groups permitted access, and independently specifying conditions of access for each client or client group, where conditions may include scheduled events, non-scheduled events, such as alarms or emergencies, and/or physical proximity. The broker automatically authorizes real-time access according to pre-specified conditions. Preferably, the broker can also arbitrate alert notifications to the clients based on pre-specified notification criteria. | 1. A surveillance video broker for managing access to surveillance video by multiple clients, comprising:
at least one processor; a memory; at least one network adapter for communicating with a plurality of surveillance domains and a plurality of clients over at least one network; a video access controller embodied as a plurality of instructions recordable in said memory and executable on said at least one processor, said video access controller including: a registration function for independently registering a plurality of surveillance domains and a plurality of clients, each surveillance domain producing at least one respective surveillance video stream, each surveillance domain comprising a respective set of one or more video cameras operated by a respective operating entity common to all video cameras of the respective set, wherein at least some of the video surveillance domains are operated by different respective operating entities; an access authorization function which, responsive to a request from a client registered by said registration function to access in real time video produced by a target surveillance domain of said plurality of surveillance domains, causes at least one access authorization record corresponding to the target surveillance domain to be accessed to determine whether surveillance video access is authorized, and if surveillance video access is authorized, automatically grants real-time access to the requested video, wherein each surveillance domain registered by said registration function independently defines a respective set of clients authorized to access surveillance video produced by the respective surveillance domain in at least one corresponding access authorization record, each authorization record corresponding to a single respective surveillance domain of said plurality of surveillance domains, each authorization record granting access to one or more respective clients independently of association of the one or more respective clients with the respective operating entity of the corresponding surveillance domain and independently of whether the one or more clients have been granted access to one or more other surveillance domains, wherein a first client is granted access to a first set of video surveillance domains containing multiple video surveillance domains but fewer than all of said plurality of video surveillance domains by respective authorization records corresponding to each surveillance domain of the first set, and wherein a second client is granted access to a second set of surveillance domains containing some but not all fo the sources to which the first client has access by respective authorization records corresponding to each surveillance domain of the second set, wherein at least one authorization record specifies conditional authorization based on a respective at least one specified condition. 2. The surveillance video broker claim 1, wherein said authorization records are stored in said surveillance video broker. 3. The surveillance video broker of claim 1, wherein multiple respective authorization records are defined for each surveillance domain, each authorization record of the multiple respective authorization record for a first surveillance domain granting access to a respective set of at least one client, at least some of the respective sets of at least one client and at least one condition of access being different. 4. The surveillance video broker claim 1, wherein at least one authorization record specifies unconditional access authorization for one or more respective clients. 5. The surveillance video broker claim 1, wherein at least one authorization record specifies conditional authorization based on an alarm condition detected by an automatic sensor in the corresponding video surveillance domain. 6. The surveillance video broker method of claim 1, wherein at least one authorization record specifies conditional authorization based on a scheduled event. 7. The surveillance video broker of claim 1, wherein at least one authorization record specifies conditional authorization based on physical proximity of the requesting client to the corresponding surveillance video domain. 8. The surveillance video broker of claim 1, wherein at least one authorization. 9. The surveillance video broker of claim 1, further comprising:
an event notification function which, responsive to an event alert notification request from a surveillance domain identifying an alert event detected at the surveillance domain for which notification to clients is requested, causes at least one notification record corresponding to the surveillance domain for which notification to clients is requested to be accessed to determine a set of clients to receive notification of the alert event, and transmits an alert notification to each client of the set, wherein each notification record corresponds to a single respective surveillance domain of said plurality of surveillance domains and independently specifies on behalf of he corresponding surveillance domain at least one respective client authorized to receive notification of one or more respective alert events generated by the corresponding surveillance domain, each said notification record specifying at least one respective client authorized to receive notification independently of whether the at least one respective client is authorized by said authorization records to access surveillance video generated by the corresponding surveillance domain. 10. A method for authorizing access to video surveillance data, comprising:
registering a plurality of clients in a video broker data processing system; registering a plurality of video surveillance domains in said video broker data processing system, each surveillance domain comprising a respective set of one or more video cameras operated by a respective operating entity common to all video cameras of the respective set, wherein at least some of the video surveillance domains are operated by different respective operating entities; recording a plurality of authorization records, each authorization record associated with a single respective video surveillance domain of said plurality of video surveillance domains and independently specifying authorization on behalf of the respective video surveillance domain with which it is associated to allow at least one respective client real-time access to at least some surveillance video generated by the respective video surveillance domain with which it is associated, each authorization record granting access to one or more respective clients independently of association of the one or more respective clients with the respective operating entity and independently of whether the one or more respective clients have been granted access to one or more other video surveillance domains, wherein a first client is granted access to a first set of video surveillance domains containing multiple video surveillance domains but fewer than all of said plurality of video surveillance domains by respective authorization records associated with each video surveillance domain of the first set, and wherein a second client is granted access to a second set of video surveillance domains containing some but not all of the sources to which the first client has access by respective authorization records associated with each video surveillance domain of the second set; receiving in said video broker a plurality of video access requests, each request requesting real-time access by a respective client to at least some video produced by a respective surveillance domain; responsive to each said video access request, automatically using the one or more authorization records associated with the respective surveillance domain to which the respective client requested access to determine whether the respective client is authorized to access the requested video; responsive to determining that the respective client is authorized to access the requested video of a video access request, automatically granting real-time access by the respective client to the requested video. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein said recording in said video broker data processing system a plurality of authorization records comprises recording a first and a second authorization record specifying authorization on behalf of a first video surveillance domain, the first authorization record granting access to a first set of at least one client and the second authorization record granting access to a second set of at least one client, said first and second sets being different, said first authorization record specifying conditional access based on a first at least one specified condition, said second authorization record not specifying conditional access based on said first at least one specified condition. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein said second authorization record specifies unconditional access by said second set of at least one client. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein at least one authorization record specifies conditional authorization based on an alarm condition detected by an automatic sensor in the respective video surveillance domain. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein at least one authorization record specifies conditional authorization based on a scheduled event. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein at least one authorization record specifies conditional authorization based on physical proximity of the requesting client to the surveillance video domain. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein at least one authorization record specifies conditional authorization based on a declared state of emergency. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein automatically granting real-time access by the respective client to the requested video comprises generating and transmitting a respective access token to the respective client, the access token being used by the client to obtain real-time access to the requested video directly from a provider of the requested video, without transmitting the requested video through said video broker data processing system. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein said provider of the requested video is a video distribution service which distributes video received from a plurality of surveillance domains. 19. A method for operating a data processing system of a surveillance video broker, comprising:
registering a plurality of clients in a data processing system of a surveillance video broker; registering a plurality of video surveillance domains in said data processing system of said surveillance video broker, each video surveillance domain comprising a respective set of one or more video cameras operated by a respective operating entity common to all video cameras of the respective set, wherein at least some video surveillance domains are operated by different respective operating entities; recording in said data processing system a plurality of authorization records, each authorization record associated with a single respective video surveillance domain of said plurality of video surveillance domains and independently specifying authorization on behalf of the respective video surveillance domain with which it is associated to allow at least one respective client real-time access to at least some surveillance video generated by the respective video surveillance domain with which it is associated, each authorization record granting access to one or more respective clients independently of association of the one or more respective clients with the respective operating entity and independently of whether the one or more respective clients have been granted access to one or more other video surveillance domains; recording in said data processing system a plurality of notification records, each notification record associated with a single respective video surveillance domain of said plurality of video surveillance domains and independently specifying on behalf of the respective video surveillance domain with which it is associated at least one respective client authorized to receive notification of one or more respective alert events generated by the respective video surveillance domain, each said notification record specifying at least one respective client authorized to receive notification independently of whether the at least one respective client is authorized by said authorization records to access surveillance video generated by the respective video surveillance domain with which the respective notification record is associated; receiving in said data processing system of said surveillance video broker a plurality of alert event notification requests, each alert event notification request being received from a respective video surveillance domain and identifying an alert event detected at the respective surveillance domain for which notification to clients is requested; responsive to receiving each said alert event notification request, accessing each notification record associated with the respective surveillance domain from which the respective alert event notification request was received s to determine in said data processing system a respective set of clients to receive notification of the respective alert event, and transmitting an alert notification to each client of the respective set; receiving in said data processing system of said surveillance video broker a plurality of video access requests, each request requesting real-time access by a respective client to at least some video produced by a respective surveillance domain; responsive to each said video access request, automatically using the one or more authorization records associated with the respective surveillance domain to which the respective client requested access to determine whether the respective client is authorized to access the requested video; responsive to determining that the respective client is authorized to access the requested video of a video access request, automatically granting real-time access by the respective client to the requested video. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein at least one authorization record specifies conditional authorization based on at least one respective specified condition. | A surveillance video broker arbitrates access by multiple clients to multiple surveillance video sources. Both clients and sources register with the broker. Each source independently specifies respective clients permitted real-time access to its video and conditions of access, if any. Preferably, the video source is a local surveillance domain having one or more cameras, one or more sensors, and a local controller, the source specifying clients or client groups permitted access, and independently specifying conditions of access for each client or client group, where conditions may include scheduled events, non-scheduled events, such as alarms or emergencies, and/or physical proximity. The broker automatically authorizes real-time access according to pre-specified conditions. Preferably, the broker can also arbitrate alert notifications to the clients based on pre-specified notification criteria.1. A surveillance video broker for managing access to surveillance video by multiple clients, comprising:
at least one processor; a memory; at least one network adapter for communicating with a plurality of surveillance domains and a plurality of clients over at least one network; a video access controller embodied as a plurality of instructions recordable in said memory and executable on said at least one processor, said video access controller including: a registration function for independently registering a plurality of surveillance domains and a plurality of clients, each surveillance domain producing at least one respective surveillance video stream, each surveillance domain comprising a respective set of one or more video cameras operated by a respective operating entity common to all video cameras of the respective set, wherein at least some of the video surveillance domains are operated by different respective operating entities; an access authorization function which, responsive to a request from a client registered by said registration function to access in real time video produced by a target surveillance domain of said plurality of surveillance domains, causes at least one access authorization record corresponding to the target surveillance domain to be accessed to determine whether surveillance video access is authorized, and if surveillance video access is authorized, automatically grants real-time access to the requested video, wherein each surveillance domain registered by said registration function independently defines a respective set of clients authorized to access surveillance video produced by the respective surveillance domain in at least one corresponding access authorization record, each authorization record corresponding to a single respective surveillance domain of said plurality of surveillance domains, each authorization record granting access to one or more respective clients independently of association of the one or more respective clients with the respective operating entity of the corresponding surveillance domain and independently of whether the one or more clients have been granted access to one or more other surveillance domains, wherein a first client is granted access to a first set of video surveillance domains containing multiple video surveillance domains but fewer than all of said plurality of video surveillance domains by respective authorization records corresponding to each surveillance domain of the first set, and wherein a second client is granted access to a second set of surveillance domains containing some but not all fo the sources to which the first client has access by respective authorization records corresponding to each surveillance domain of the second set, wherein at least one authorization record specifies conditional authorization based on a respective at least one specified condition. 2. The surveillance video broker claim 1, wherein said authorization records are stored in said surveillance video broker. 3. The surveillance video broker of claim 1, wherein multiple respective authorization records are defined for each surveillance domain, each authorization record of the multiple respective authorization record for a first surveillance domain granting access to a respective set of at least one client, at least some of the respective sets of at least one client and at least one condition of access being different. 4. The surveillance video broker claim 1, wherein at least one authorization record specifies unconditional access authorization for one or more respective clients. 5. The surveillance video broker claim 1, wherein at least one authorization record specifies conditional authorization based on an alarm condition detected by an automatic sensor in the corresponding video surveillance domain. 6. The surveillance video broker method of claim 1, wherein at least one authorization record specifies conditional authorization based on a scheduled event. 7. The surveillance video broker of claim 1, wherein at least one authorization record specifies conditional authorization based on physical proximity of the requesting client to the corresponding surveillance video domain. 8. The surveillance video broker of claim 1, wherein at least one authorization. 9. The surveillance video broker of claim 1, further comprising:
an event notification function which, responsive to an event alert notification request from a surveillance domain identifying an alert event detected at the surveillance domain for which notification to clients is requested, causes at least one notification record corresponding to the surveillance domain for which notification to clients is requested to be accessed to determine a set of clients to receive notification of the alert event, and transmits an alert notification to each client of the set, wherein each notification record corresponds to a single respective surveillance domain of said plurality of surveillance domains and independently specifies on behalf of he corresponding surveillance domain at least one respective client authorized to receive notification of one or more respective alert events generated by the corresponding surveillance domain, each said notification record specifying at least one respective client authorized to receive notification independently of whether the at least one respective client is authorized by said authorization records to access surveillance video generated by the corresponding surveillance domain. 10. A method for authorizing access to video surveillance data, comprising:
registering a plurality of clients in a video broker data processing system; registering a plurality of video surveillance domains in said video broker data processing system, each surveillance domain comprising a respective set of one or more video cameras operated by a respective operating entity common to all video cameras of the respective set, wherein at least some of the video surveillance domains are operated by different respective operating entities; recording a plurality of authorization records, each authorization record associated with a single respective video surveillance domain of said plurality of video surveillance domains and independently specifying authorization on behalf of the respective video surveillance domain with which it is associated to allow at least one respective client real-time access to at least some surveillance video generated by the respective video surveillance domain with which it is associated, each authorization record granting access to one or more respective clients independently of association of the one or more respective clients with the respective operating entity and independently of whether the one or more respective clients have been granted access to one or more other video surveillance domains, wherein a first client is granted access to a first set of video surveillance domains containing multiple video surveillance domains but fewer than all of said plurality of video surveillance domains by respective authorization records associated with each video surveillance domain of the first set, and wherein a second client is granted access to a second set of video surveillance domains containing some but not all of the sources to which the first client has access by respective authorization records associated with each video surveillance domain of the second set; receiving in said video broker a plurality of video access requests, each request requesting real-time access by a respective client to at least some video produced by a respective surveillance domain; responsive to each said video access request, automatically using the one or more authorization records associated with the respective surveillance domain to which the respective client requested access to determine whether the respective client is authorized to access the requested video; responsive to determining that the respective client is authorized to access the requested video of a video access request, automatically granting real-time access by the respective client to the requested video. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein said recording in said video broker data processing system a plurality of authorization records comprises recording a first and a second authorization record specifying authorization on behalf of a first video surveillance domain, the first authorization record granting access to a first set of at least one client and the second authorization record granting access to a second set of at least one client, said first and second sets being different, said first authorization record specifying conditional access based on a first at least one specified condition, said second authorization record not specifying conditional access based on said first at least one specified condition. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein said second authorization record specifies unconditional access by said second set of at least one client. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein at least one authorization record specifies conditional authorization based on an alarm condition detected by an automatic sensor in the respective video surveillance domain. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein at least one authorization record specifies conditional authorization based on a scheduled event. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein at least one authorization record specifies conditional authorization based on physical proximity of the requesting client to the surveillance video domain. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein at least one authorization record specifies conditional authorization based on a declared state of emergency. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein automatically granting real-time access by the respective client to the requested video comprises generating and transmitting a respective access token to the respective client, the access token being used by the client to obtain real-time access to the requested video directly from a provider of the requested video, without transmitting the requested video through said video broker data processing system. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein said provider of the requested video is a video distribution service which distributes video received from a plurality of surveillance domains. 19. A method for operating a data processing system of a surveillance video broker, comprising:
registering a plurality of clients in a data processing system of a surveillance video broker; registering a plurality of video surveillance domains in said data processing system of said surveillance video broker, each video surveillance domain comprising a respective set of one or more video cameras operated by a respective operating entity common to all video cameras of the respective set, wherein at least some video surveillance domains are operated by different respective operating entities; recording in said data processing system a plurality of authorization records, each authorization record associated with a single respective video surveillance domain of said plurality of video surveillance domains and independently specifying authorization on behalf of the respective video surveillance domain with which it is associated to allow at least one respective client real-time access to at least some surveillance video generated by the respective video surveillance domain with which it is associated, each authorization record granting access to one or more respective clients independently of association of the one or more respective clients with the respective operating entity and independently of whether the one or more respective clients have been granted access to one or more other video surveillance domains; recording in said data processing system a plurality of notification records, each notification record associated with a single respective video surveillance domain of said plurality of video surveillance domains and independently specifying on behalf of the respective video surveillance domain with which it is associated at least one respective client authorized to receive notification of one or more respective alert events generated by the respective video surveillance domain, each said notification record specifying at least one respective client authorized to receive notification independently of whether the at least one respective client is authorized by said authorization records to access surveillance video generated by the respective video surveillance domain with which the respective notification record is associated; receiving in said data processing system of said surveillance video broker a plurality of alert event notification requests, each alert event notification request being received from a respective video surveillance domain and identifying an alert event detected at the respective surveillance domain for which notification to clients is requested; responsive to receiving each said alert event notification request, accessing each notification record associated with the respective surveillance domain from which the respective alert event notification request was received s to determine in said data processing system a respective set of clients to receive notification of the respective alert event, and transmitting an alert notification to each client of the respective set; receiving in said data processing system of said surveillance video broker a plurality of video access requests, each request requesting real-time access by a respective client to at least some video produced by a respective surveillance domain; responsive to each said video access request, automatically using the one or more authorization records associated with the respective surveillance domain to which the respective client requested access to determine whether the respective client is authorized to access the requested video; responsive to determining that the respective client is authorized to access the requested video of a video access request, automatically granting real-time access by the respective client to the requested video. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein at least one authorization record specifies conditional authorization based on at least one respective specified condition. | 2,400 |
6,898 | 6,898 | 13,989,833 | 2,465 | Techniques for supporting both localized and frequency-distributed control channel messages in the same enhanced control channel region are disclosed. An example method begins with receiving ( 2010 ) a downlink signal comprising an enhanced control region consisting of at least two sets of physical resource block (PRB) pairs. The method continues with the forming ( 2020 ) of one or more distributed enhanced control-channel elements (eCCEs) from a first set of PRB pairs by aggregating physical layer building blocks from multiple PRB pairs to form each distributed eCCE. One or more localized eCCEs are formed ( 2030 ) from a second set of PRB pairs by aggregating physical layer building blocks such that each of the localized eCCEs is formed from physical layer building blocks from within a single PRB pair of the second set. Control channel message candidates are formed ( 2050 ) from the distributed eCCEs and localized eCCEs, respectively, and decoded ( 2060 ). | 1-19. (canceled) 20. A method, in a user equipment, for receiving control information in a radio communications network, the method comprising:
receiving a downlink signal comprising an enhanced control region consisting of at least two sets of physical resource block (PRB) pairs, each PRB pair consisting of a group of non-overlapping physical layer building blocks; forming one or more distributed enhanced control-channel elements (eCCE) from a first set of PRB pairs by aggregating physical layer building blocks from multiple PRB pairs to form each distributed eCCE; forming one or more localized eCCEs from a second set of PRB pairs by aggregating physical layer building blocks such that each of the localized eCCEs is formed from physical layer building blocks from within a single PRB pair of the second set; forming first control channel message candidates from the distributed eCCEs and second control channel message candidates from the localized eCCEs; and decoding each of the first and second control channel message candidates to search for a valid control channel message. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein said radio communications network is a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) radio network and wherein said physical layer building blocks are enhanced Resource Element Groups (eREGs), each eREG consisting of eight or nine resource elements. 22. The method of claim 20, wherein forming the first and second control channel message candidates comprises forming at least some of the control channel message candidates by aggregating two or more of the localized eCCEs or two or more of the distributed eCCEs, or both. 23. The method of claim 20, further comprising receiving Radio Resource Control (RRC) signalling that indicates a division of the PRB pairs into the first and second sets of PRB pairs. 24. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
forming one or more additional distributed eCCEs from a third set of PRB pairs by aggregating physical layer building blocks from multiple PRB pairs to form each additional distributed eCCE; forming one or more additional localized eCCEs from the third set of PRB pairs by aggregating physical layer building blocks such that each additional localized eCCE is formed from physical layer building blocks from within a single PRB pair of the third set; forming one or more third control channel message candidates from the additional distributed eCCEs and one or more fourth control channel message candidates from the additional localized eCCEs; and decoding each of the third and fourth control channel message candidates to search for a valid control channel message. 25. The method of claim 24, further comprising receiving Radio Resource Control (RRC) signalling that indicates a division point in the third set of PRB pairs, the division point splitting the third set into a first portion used to form the additional localized eCCEs and a second portion used to form the additional distributed eCCEs. 26. The method of claim 20, wherein forming the first control channel message candidates from the distributed eCCEs and the second control channel message candidates from the localized eCCEs comprises determining a starting eCCE position within the enhanced control region, such that the starting eCCE position varies according to a subframe number for the downlink signal and a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) for the user equipment, and forming a number of control channel message candidates from eCCEs beginning at the starting eCCE position. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein said determining a starting eCCE position and said forming a number of control channel message candidates is performed independently for each of the localized eCCEs and the distributed eCCEs. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the starting eCCE position for the localized eCCEs and the starting point for the distributed eCCEs are at or near opposite ends of a range of numbered eCCEs, such that the second control channel messages are formed by traversing the numbered eCCEs in a reverse order from that used for forming the first control channel messages. 29. A method, in a radio network node, for sending control information in a radio communications network in which a plurality of user equipment are served in a cell controlled by the radio network node, the method comprising:
transmitting a downlink signal comprising an enhanced control region consisting of at least two sets of physical resource block (PRB) pairs, each PRB pair consisting of a group of non-overlapping physical layer building blocks; mapping one or more first control channel messages to distributed enhanced control-channel elements (eCCE) in a first set of PRB pairs, where each distributed eCCE consists of an aggregation of physical layer building blocks from multiple PRB pairs; mapping one or more second control channel messages to localized eCCEs in a second set of PRB pairs, where each localized eCCE consists of an aggregation of physical layer building blocks from within a single PRB pair; and transmitting the first control channel messages and the second control channel messages in a subframe of the downlink signal. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein said radio communications network is a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) radio network and wherein said physical layer building blocks are enhanced Resource Element Groups (eREGs), each eREG consisting of eight or nine resource elements. 31. The method of claim 29, wherein mapping at least some of the first and second control channel messages to the distributed eCCEs and the localized eCCEs comprises mapping a control channel message to an aggregation of two or more localized eCCEs or two or more distributed eCCEs. 32. The method of claim 29, further comprising transmitting Radio Resource Control (RRC) signalling that indicates a division of the PRB pairs into the first and second sets of PRB pairs. 33. The method of claim 29, further comprising:
mapping one or more third control channel messages to distributed enhanced control-channel elements (eCCE) in a third set of PRB pairs, where each distributed eCCE consists of an aggregation of physical layer building blocks from multiple PRB pairs; mapping one or more fourth control channel messages to localized eCCEs in the third set of PRB pairs, where each localized eCCE consists of an aggregation of physical layer building blocks from within a single PRB pair; and transmitting the third control channel messages and the fourth control channel messages in the subframe of the downlink signal. 34. The method of claim 33, further comprising transmitting Radio Resource Control (RRC) signalling that indicates a division point in the third set of PRB pairs, the division point splitting the third set into a first portion used for control channel messages mapped to localized eCCEs and a second portion used for control channel messages mapped to distributed eCCEs. 35. A base station, comprising
a transceiver adapted for transmitting a downlink signal comprising an enhanced control region consisting of at least two sets of physical resource block (PRB) pairs, each PRB pair consisting of a group of non-overlapping physical layer building blocks, and a processing circuit adapted to
transmit a downlink signal comprising an enhanced control region consisting of at least two sets of PRB pairs;
map one or more first control channel messages to distributed enhanced control-channel elements (eCCE) in a first set of PRB pairs, where each distributed eCCE consists of an aggregation of physical layer building blocks from multiple PRB pairs;
map one or more second control channel messages to localized eCCEs in a second set of PRB pairs, where each localized eCCE consists of an aggregation of physical layer building blocks from within a single PRB pair; and
transmit the first control channel messages and the second control channel messages in a subframe of the downlink signal, using the transceiver. 36. The base station of claim 35, wherein the processing circuit is further adapted to:
map one or more third control channel messages to distributed enhanced control-channel elements (eCCE) in a third set of PRB pairs, where each distributed eCCE consists of an aggregation of physical layer building blocks from multiple PRB pairs; map one or more fourth control channel messages to localized eCCEs in the third set of PRB pairs, where each localized eCCE consists of an aggregation of physical layer building blocks from within a single PRB pair; and transmit the third control channel messages and the fourth control channel messages in the subframe of the downlink signal, using the transceiver. 37. A user equipment apparatus, comprising
a transceiver adapted for receiving a downlink signal comprising an enhanced control region consisting of at least two sets of physical resource block (PRB) pairs, each PRB pair consisting of a group of non-overlapping physical layer building blocks, and a processing circuit adapted to:
receive a downlink signal comprising an enhanced control region consisting of at least two sets of PRB pairs, using the transceiver;
form one or more distributed enhanced control-channel elements (eCCE) from a first set of PRB pairs by aggregating physical layer building blocks from multiple PRB pairs to form each distributed eCCE;
form one or more localized eCCEs from a second set of PRB pairs by aggregating physical layer building blocks such that each of the localized eCCEs is formed from physical layer building blocks from within a single PRB pair of the second set;
form first control channel message candidates from the distributed eCCEs and second control channel message candidates from the localized eCCEs; and
decode each of the first and second control channel message candidates to search for a valid control channel message. 38. The user equipment apparatus of claim 37, wherein the processing circuit is further adapted to:
form one or more additional distributed eCCEs from a third set of PRB pairs by aggregating physical layer building blocks from multiple PRB pairs to form each additional distributed eCCE; form one or more additional localized eCCEs from the third set of PRB pairs by aggregating physical layer building blocks such that each additional localized eCCE is formed from physical layer building blocks from within a single PRB pair of the third set; form one or more third control channel message candidates from the additional distributed eCCEs and one or more fourth control channel message candidates from the additional localized eCCEs; and decode each of the third and fourth control channel message candidates to search for a valid control channel message. 39. The user equipment apparatus of claim 37, wherein the processing circuit is further adapted to receive, via the transceiver, Radio Resource Control (RRC) signalling that indicates a division point in the third set of PRB pairs, the division point splitting the third set into a first portion used to form the additional localized eCCEs and a second portion used to form the additional distributed eCCEs. | Techniques for supporting both localized and frequency-distributed control channel messages in the same enhanced control channel region are disclosed. An example method begins with receiving ( 2010 ) a downlink signal comprising an enhanced control region consisting of at least two sets of physical resource block (PRB) pairs. The method continues with the forming ( 2020 ) of one or more distributed enhanced control-channel elements (eCCEs) from a first set of PRB pairs by aggregating physical layer building blocks from multiple PRB pairs to form each distributed eCCE. One or more localized eCCEs are formed ( 2030 ) from a second set of PRB pairs by aggregating physical layer building blocks such that each of the localized eCCEs is formed from physical layer building blocks from within a single PRB pair of the second set. Control channel message candidates are formed ( 2050 ) from the distributed eCCEs and localized eCCEs, respectively, and decoded ( 2060 ).1-19. (canceled) 20. A method, in a user equipment, for receiving control information in a radio communications network, the method comprising:
receiving a downlink signal comprising an enhanced control region consisting of at least two sets of physical resource block (PRB) pairs, each PRB pair consisting of a group of non-overlapping physical layer building blocks; forming one or more distributed enhanced control-channel elements (eCCE) from a first set of PRB pairs by aggregating physical layer building blocks from multiple PRB pairs to form each distributed eCCE; forming one or more localized eCCEs from a second set of PRB pairs by aggregating physical layer building blocks such that each of the localized eCCEs is formed from physical layer building blocks from within a single PRB pair of the second set; forming first control channel message candidates from the distributed eCCEs and second control channel message candidates from the localized eCCEs; and decoding each of the first and second control channel message candidates to search for a valid control channel message. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein said radio communications network is a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) radio network and wherein said physical layer building blocks are enhanced Resource Element Groups (eREGs), each eREG consisting of eight or nine resource elements. 22. The method of claim 20, wherein forming the first and second control channel message candidates comprises forming at least some of the control channel message candidates by aggregating two or more of the localized eCCEs or two or more of the distributed eCCEs, or both. 23. The method of claim 20, further comprising receiving Radio Resource Control (RRC) signalling that indicates a division of the PRB pairs into the first and second sets of PRB pairs. 24. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
forming one or more additional distributed eCCEs from a third set of PRB pairs by aggregating physical layer building blocks from multiple PRB pairs to form each additional distributed eCCE; forming one or more additional localized eCCEs from the third set of PRB pairs by aggregating physical layer building blocks such that each additional localized eCCE is formed from physical layer building blocks from within a single PRB pair of the third set; forming one or more third control channel message candidates from the additional distributed eCCEs and one or more fourth control channel message candidates from the additional localized eCCEs; and decoding each of the third and fourth control channel message candidates to search for a valid control channel message. 25. The method of claim 24, further comprising receiving Radio Resource Control (RRC) signalling that indicates a division point in the third set of PRB pairs, the division point splitting the third set into a first portion used to form the additional localized eCCEs and a second portion used to form the additional distributed eCCEs. 26. The method of claim 20, wherein forming the first control channel message candidates from the distributed eCCEs and the second control channel message candidates from the localized eCCEs comprises determining a starting eCCE position within the enhanced control region, such that the starting eCCE position varies according to a subframe number for the downlink signal and a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) for the user equipment, and forming a number of control channel message candidates from eCCEs beginning at the starting eCCE position. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein said determining a starting eCCE position and said forming a number of control channel message candidates is performed independently for each of the localized eCCEs and the distributed eCCEs. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the starting eCCE position for the localized eCCEs and the starting point for the distributed eCCEs are at or near opposite ends of a range of numbered eCCEs, such that the second control channel messages are formed by traversing the numbered eCCEs in a reverse order from that used for forming the first control channel messages. 29. A method, in a radio network node, for sending control information in a radio communications network in which a plurality of user equipment are served in a cell controlled by the radio network node, the method comprising:
transmitting a downlink signal comprising an enhanced control region consisting of at least two sets of physical resource block (PRB) pairs, each PRB pair consisting of a group of non-overlapping physical layer building blocks; mapping one or more first control channel messages to distributed enhanced control-channel elements (eCCE) in a first set of PRB pairs, where each distributed eCCE consists of an aggregation of physical layer building blocks from multiple PRB pairs; mapping one or more second control channel messages to localized eCCEs in a second set of PRB pairs, where each localized eCCE consists of an aggregation of physical layer building blocks from within a single PRB pair; and transmitting the first control channel messages and the second control channel messages in a subframe of the downlink signal. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein said radio communications network is a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) radio network and wherein said physical layer building blocks are enhanced Resource Element Groups (eREGs), each eREG consisting of eight or nine resource elements. 31. The method of claim 29, wherein mapping at least some of the first and second control channel messages to the distributed eCCEs and the localized eCCEs comprises mapping a control channel message to an aggregation of two or more localized eCCEs or two or more distributed eCCEs. 32. The method of claim 29, further comprising transmitting Radio Resource Control (RRC) signalling that indicates a division of the PRB pairs into the first and second sets of PRB pairs. 33. The method of claim 29, further comprising:
mapping one or more third control channel messages to distributed enhanced control-channel elements (eCCE) in a third set of PRB pairs, where each distributed eCCE consists of an aggregation of physical layer building blocks from multiple PRB pairs; mapping one or more fourth control channel messages to localized eCCEs in the third set of PRB pairs, where each localized eCCE consists of an aggregation of physical layer building blocks from within a single PRB pair; and transmitting the third control channel messages and the fourth control channel messages in the subframe of the downlink signal. 34. The method of claim 33, further comprising transmitting Radio Resource Control (RRC) signalling that indicates a division point in the third set of PRB pairs, the division point splitting the third set into a first portion used for control channel messages mapped to localized eCCEs and a second portion used for control channel messages mapped to distributed eCCEs. 35. A base station, comprising
a transceiver adapted for transmitting a downlink signal comprising an enhanced control region consisting of at least two sets of physical resource block (PRB) pairs, each PRB pair consisting of a group of non-overlapping physical layer building blocks, and a processing circuit adapted to
transmit a downlink signal comprising an enhanced control region consisting of at least two sets of PRB pairs;
map one or more first control channel messages to distributed enhanced control-channel elements (eCCE) in a first set of PRB pairs, where each distributed eCCE consists of an aggregation of physical layer building blocks from multiple PRB pairs;
map one or more second control channel messages to localized eCCEs in a second set of PRB pairs, where each localized eCCE consists of an aggregation of physical layer building blocks from within a single PRB pair; and
transmit the first control channel messages and the second control channel messages in a subframe of the downlink signal, using the transceiver. 36. The base station of claim 35, wherein the processing circuit is further adapted to:
map one or more third control channel messages to distributed enhanced control-channel elements (eCCE) in a third set of PRB pairs, where each distributed eCCE consists of an aggregation of physical layer building blocks from multiple PRB pairs; map one or more fourth control channel messages to localized eCCEs in the third set of PRB pairs, where each localized eCCE consists of an aggregation of physical layer building blocks from within a single PRB pair; and transmit the third control channel messages and the fourth control channel messages in the subframe of the downlink signal, using the transceiver. 37. A user equipment apparatus, comprising
a transceiver adapted for receiving a downlink signal comprising an enhanced control region consisting of at least two sets of physical resource block (PRB) pairs, each PRB pair consisting of a group of non-overlapping physical layer building blocks, and a processing circuit adapted to:
receive a downlink signal comprising an enhanced control region consisting of at least two sets of PRB pairs, using the transceiver;
form one or more distributed enhanced control-channel elements (eCCE) from a first set of PRB pairs by aggregating physical layer building blocks from multiple PRB pairs to form each distributed eCCE;
form one or more localized eCCEs from a second set of PRB pairs by aggregating physical layer building blocks such that each of the localized eCCEs is formed from physical layer building blocks from within a single PRB pair of the second set;
form first control channel message candidates from the distributed eCCEs and second control channel message candidates from the localized eCCEs; and
decode each of the first and second control channel message candidates to search for a valid control channel message. 38. The user equipment apparatus of claim 37, wherein the processing circuit is further adapted to:
form one or more additional distributed eCCEs from a third set of PRB pairs by aggregating physical layer building blocks from multiple PRB pairs to form each additional distributed eCCE; form one or more additional localized eCCEs from the third set of PRB pairs by aggregating physical layer building blocks such that each additional localized eCCE is formed from physical layer building blocks from within a single PRB pair of the third set; form one or more third control channel message candidates from the additional distributed eCCEs and one or more fourth control channel message candidates from the additional localized eCCEs; and decode each of the third and fourth control channel message candidates to search for a valid control channel message. 39. The user equipment apparatus of claim 37, wherein the processing circuit is further adapted to receive, via the transceiver, Radio Resource Control (RRC) signalling that indicates a division point in the third set of PRB pairs, the division point splitting the third set into a first portion used to form the additional localized eCCEs and a second portion used to form the additional distributed eCCEs. | 2,400 |
6,899 | 6,899 | 13,290,083 | 2,493 | The present invention provides a method, system and program product for peer-to-peer device management, monitor and control. Communication devices connected by communication networks can manage, monitor and control each other; they can be in both managing and managed roles. In one aspect, communication devices can send request messages comprising management, monitor and control commands to peers and receive response messages comprising results and statuses to the request messages from peers. In another aspect, communication devices can send notification messages to peers for management, monitor and control when their monitored contents or states meet predefined criteria. | 1. A method providing peer-to-peer device management, monitor and control with a first communication device, a second communication device, and a communication network connecting said first communication device and said second communication device, the method comprising the acts of:
negotiating and agreeing the keys for message encryption and message decryption with the credentials from zero or more trusted authorities, and/or said first communication device, and/or said second communication device; generating a request message with commands to manage, monitor and control said second communication device at said first communication device; encrypting said request message with said keys at said first communication device; delivering said request message from said first communication device to said second communication device via said communication network; receiving and storing said request message at said second communication device; decrypting said request message with said keys at said second communication device; executing the commands in said request message at said second communication device; generating a response message with result and status to said request message at said second communication device; encrypting said response message with said keys at said second communication device; delivering said response message from said second communication device to said first communication device via said communication network; receiving and storing said response message at said first communication device; decrypting said response message with said keys at said first communication device; displaying said result and status in said response message at said first communication device; wherein said first communication device and said second communication device comprise one or more of central processing units, system memories, disk storages, operating systems, firmware modules and software modules, input interfaces or components, output interfaces or components, network interfaces or components, and network reachable identifiers; wherein said network reachable identifiers comprise one or more of email addresses, mobile subscriber integrated services digital network (MSISDN) numbers, instant messenger ids, social network ids, session initiation protocol (SIP) addresses, and internet protocol (IP) addresses including internet protocol version 4 (IPv4) address and internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) address; wherein said communication network transports messages between said first communication device and said second communication device, and comprises one or more of satellite networks, wired networks, and wireless networks to provide one or more of internet service, data service, voice service, video service, short message service (SMS), multimedia messaging service (MMS), wi-fi service, session initiation protocol (SIP) service, bluetooth service, and near field communication (NFC) service; wherein said credentials comprise one or more of symmetric keys, public keys, private keys, account names, passwords, sequence numbers, nonce values, and random numbers; and wherein said request message likewise can be generated at said second communication device to manage, monitor and control said first communication device, and then sent from said second communication device to said first communication device via said communication network; said response message with result and status to said request message can be generated at said first communication device, and then sent from said first communication device to said second communication device via said communication network. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said commands comprise one or more of:
retrieving device information comprising manufacture, model, central processing units, system memories, disk storages, operating systems, input interfaces or components, output interfaces or components, network interfaces or components, and said network reachable identifiers; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical statistical reports of cpu, memory, disk, and process usages; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical locations; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical internet protocol (IP) data packets such as email messages, instant messages, and hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) contents if internet service, and/or wi-fi service, and/or data service are supported and subscribed; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical voice call contents if voice service is supported and subscribed; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical video contents if video service is supported and subscribed; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical SMS text messages if short message service (SMS) is supported and subscribed; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical MMS messages if multimedia messaging service (MMS) is supported and subscribed; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical SIP messages if session initiation protocol (SIP) service is supported and subscribed; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical bluetooth messages if bluetooth protocol is supported and enabled; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical NFC messages if near field communication (NFC) is supported and enabled; retrieving list of hardware components, firmware modules and software modules; retrieving parameter names and values of configurations, profiles, policies, and settings about device, hardware components, firmware modules and software modules; modifying parameter names and values of configurations, profiles, policies, and settings about device, hardware components, firmware modules and software modules; installing, uninstalling, enabling, disabling, activating, deactivating, starting, stopping, turning on and turning off hardware components, firmware modules and software modules; creating, modifying, importing, and exporting symmetric keys, public keys, private keys, account names, passwords, nonce values, sequence numbers, and random numbers for device, hardware components, firmware modules and software modules; locking device; unlocking device; and resetting device back to factory default. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the acts of:
generating a notification message for device management, monitor and control when an event for notification occurs at said second communication device; delivering said notification message from said second communication device to said first communication device via said communication network; receiving and storing said notification message at said first communication device; displaying said notification message at said first communication device; and wherein said notification message likewise can be generated at said first communication device for device management, monitor and control, and sent from said first communication device to said second communication device via said communication network. 4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein said event for notification comprises one of:
monitored text messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored text message senders matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored email messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored email message senders matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored instant messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored instant message senders matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored multimedia messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored multimedia message senders matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored session initiation protocol messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored session initiation protocol message senders matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored bluetooth messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored near field communication messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored voice call contents matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored voice caller ids matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored video contents matching predefined keywords, categories or rules; monitored video content senders matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored hypertext transfer protocol contents matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored hypertext transfer protocol web site addresses matching predefined categories or rules; state changes of device, hardware components, firmware modules, and software modules, wherein said state changes comprise one of being started, being stopped, being enabled, being disabled, being activated, being deactivated, being installed, being uninstalled, being turned on, and being turned off; changes of said network reachable identifiers; and device being located in predefined geo-location ranges. 5. A system providing peer-to-peer device management, monitor and control, the system comprising:
a first communication device; a second communication device; a communication network connecting said first communication device and said second communication device; and performing the acts of: negotiating and agreeing the keys for message encryption and message decryption with the credentials from zero or more trusted authorities, and/or said first communication device, and/or said second communication device; generating a request message with commands to manage, monitor and control said second communication device at said first communication device; encrypting said request message with said keys at said first communication device; delivering said request message from said first communication device to said second communication device via said communication network; receiving and storing said request message at said second communication device; decrypting said request message with said keys at said second communication device; executing the commands in said request message at said second communication device; generating a response message with result and status to said request message at said second communication device; encrypting said response message with said keys at said second communication device; delivering said response message from said second communication device to said first communication device via said communication network; receiving and storing said response message at said first communication device; decrypting said response message with said keys at said first communication device; displaying said result and status in said response message at said first communication device; wherein said first communication device and said second communication device comprise one or more of central processing units, system memories, disk storages, operating systems, firmware modules and software modules, input interfaces or components, output interfaces or components, network interfaces or components, and network reachable identifiers; wherein said network reachable identifiers comprise one or more of email addresses, mobile subscriber integrated services digital network (MSISDN) numbers, instant messenger ids, social network ids, session initiation protocol (SIP) addresses, and internet protocol (IP) addresses including internet protocol version 4 (IPv4) address and internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) address; wherein said communication network transports messages between said first communication device and said second communication device, and comprises one or more of satellite networks, wired networks, and wireless networks to provide one or more of internet service, data service, voice service, video service, short message service (SMS), multimedia messaging service (MMS), wi-fi service, session initiation protocol (SIP) service, bluetooth service, and near field communication (NFC) service; wherein said credentials comprise one or more of symmetric keys, public keys, private keys, account names, passwords, sequence numbers, nonce values, and random numbers; and wherein said request message likewise can be generated at said second communication device to manage, monitor and control said first communication device, and then sent from said second communication device to said first communication device via said communication network; said response message with result and status to said request message can be generated at said first communication device, and then sent from said first communication device to said second communication device via said communication network. 6. The system as claimed in claim 5, wherein said commands comprise one or more of:
retrieving device information comprising manufacture, model, central processing units, system memories, disk storages, operating systems, input interfaces or components, output interfaces or components, network interfaces or components, and said network reachable identifiers; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical statistical reports of cpu, memory, disk, and process usages; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical locations; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical internet protocol (IP) data packets such as email messages, instant messages, and hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) contents if internet service, and/or wi-fi service, and/or data service are supported and subscribed; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical voice call contents if voice service is supported and subscribed; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical video contents if video service is supported and subscribed; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical SMS text messages if short message service (SMS) is supported and subscribed; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical MMS messages if multimedia messaging service (MMS) is supported and subscribed; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical SIP messages if session initiation protocol (SIP) service is supported and subscribed; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical bluetooth messages if bluetooth protocol is supported and enabled; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical NFC messages if near field communication (NFC) is supported and enabled; retrieving list of hardware components, firmware modules and software modules; retrieving parameter names and values of configurations, profiles, policies, and settings about device, hardware components, firmware modules and software modules; modifying parameter names and values of configurations, profiles, policies, and settings about device, hardware components, firmware modules and software modules; installing, uninstalling, enabling, disabling, activating, deactivating, starting, stopping, turning on and turning off hardware components, firmware modules and software modules; creating, modifying, importing, and exporting symmetric keys, public keys, private keys, account names, passwords, nonce values, sequence numbers, and random numbers for device, hardware components, firmware modules and software modules; locking device; unlocking device; and resetting device back to factory default. 7. The system as claimed in claim 5, further comprising the acts of:
generating a notification message for device management, monitor and control when an event for notification occurs at said second communication device; delivering said notification message from said second communication device to said first communication device via said communication network; receiving and storing said notification message at said first communication device; displaying said notification message at said first communication device; and wherein said notification message likewise can be generated at said first communication device for device management, monitor and control, and sent from said first communication device to said second communication device via said communication network. 8. The system as claimed in claim 7, wherein said event for notification comprises one of:
monitored text messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored text message senders matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored email messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored email message senders matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored instant messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored instant message senders matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored multimedia messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored multimedia message senders matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored session initiation protocol messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored session initiation protocol message senders matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored bluetooth messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored near field communication messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored voice call contents matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored voice caller ids matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored video contents matching predefined keywords, categories or rules; monitored video content senders matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored hypertext transfer protocol contents matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored hypertext transfer protocol web site addresses matching predefined categories or rules; state changes of device, hardware components, firmware modules, and software modules, wherein said state changes comprise one of being started, being stopped, being enabled, being disabled, being activated, being deactivated, being installed, being uninstalled, being turned on, and being turned off; changes of said network reachable identifiers; and device being located in predefined geo-location ranges. 9. A program product comprising executable instructions embodied in a readable medium of a first communication device and a second communication device for providing peer-to-peer device management, monitor and control with said first communication device, said second communication device, and a communication network connecting said first communication device and said second communication device, the program product comprising the acts of:
negotiating and agreeing the keys for message encryption and message decryption with the credentials from zero or more trusted authorities, and/or said first communication device, and/or said second communication device; generating a request message with commands to manage, monitor and control said second communication device at said first communication device; encrypting said request message with said keys at said first communication device; delivering said request message from said first communication device to said second communication device via said communication network; receiving and storing said request message at said second communication device; decrypting said request message with said keys at said second communication device; executing the commands in said request message at said second communication device; generating a response message with result and status to said request message at said second communication device; encrypting said response message with said keys at said second communication device; delivering said response message from said second communication device to said first communication device via said communication network; receiving and storing said response message at said first communication device; decrypting said response message with said keys at said first communication device; displaying said result and status in said response message at said first communication device; wherein said first communication device and said second communication device comprise one or more of central processing units, system memories, disk storages, operating systems, firmware modules and software modules, input interfaces or components, output interfaces or components, network interfaces or components, and network reachable identifiers; wherein said network reachable identifiers comprise one or more of email addresses, mobile subscriber integrated services digital network (MSISDN) numbers, instant messenger ids, social network ids, session initiation protocol (SIP) addresses, and internet protocol (IP) addresses including internet protocol version 4 (IPv4) address and internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) address; wherein said communication network transports messages between said first communication device and said second communication device, and comprises one or more of satellite networks, wired networks, and wireless networks to provide one or more of internet service, data service, voice service, video service, short message service (SMS), multimedia messaging service (MMS), wi-fi service, session initiation protocol (SIP) service, bluetooth service, and near field communication (NFC) service; wherein said credentials comprise one or more of symmetric keys, public keys, private keys, account names, passwords, sequence numbers, nonce values, and random numbers; and wherein said request message likewise can be generated at said second communication device to manage, monitor and control said first communication device, and then sent from said second communication device to said first communication device via said communication network; said response message with result and status to said request message can be generated at said first communication device, and then sent from said first communication device to said second communication device via said communication network. 10. The program product as claimed in claim 9, wherein said commands comprise one or more of:
retrieving device information comprising manufacture, model, central processing units, system memories, disk storages, operating systems, input interfaces or components, output interfaces or components, network interfaces or components, and said network reachable identifiers; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical statistical reports of cpu, memory, disk, and process usages; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical locations; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical internet protocol (IP) data packets such as email messages, instant messages, and hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) contents if internet service, and/or wi-fi service, and/or data service are supported and subscribed; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical voice call contents if voice service is supported and subscribed; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical video contents if video service is supported and subscribed; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical SMS text messages if short message service (SMS) is supported and subscribed; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical MMS messages if multimedia messaging service (MMS) is supported and subscribed; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical SIP messages if session initiation protocol (SIP) service is supported and subscribed; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical bluetooth messages if bluetooth protocol is supported and enabled; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical NFC messages if near field communication (NFC) is supported and enabled; retrieving list of hardware components, firmware modules and software modules; retrieving parameter names and values of configurations, profiles, policies, and settings about device, hardware components, firmware modules and software modules; modifying parameter names and values of configurations, profiles, policies, and settings about device, hardware components, firmware modules and software modules; installing, uninstalling, enabling, disabling, activating, deactivating, starting, stopping, turning on and turning off hardware components, firmware modules and software modules; creating, modifying, importing, and exporting symmetric keys, public keys, private keys, account names, passwords, nonce values, sequence numbers, and random numbers for device, hardware components, firmware modules and software modules; locking device; unlocking device; and resetting device back to factory default. 11. The program product as claimed in claim 9, further comprising the acts of:
generating a notification message for device management, monitor and control when an event for notification occurs at said second communication device; delivering said notification message from said second communication device to said first communication device via said communication network; receiving and storing said notification message at said first communication device; displaying said notification message at said first communication device; and wherein said notification message likewise can be generated at said first communication device for device management, monitor and control, and sent from said first communication device to said second communication device via said communication network. 12. The program product as claimed in claim 11, wherein said event for notification comprises one of:
monitored text messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored text message senders matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored email messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored email message senders matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored instant messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored instant message senders matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored multimedia messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored multimedia message senders matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored session initiation protocol messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored session initiation protocol message senders matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored bluetooth messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored near field communication messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored voice call contents matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored voice caller ids matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored video contents matching predefined keywords, categories or rules; monitored video content senders matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored hypertext transfer protocol contents matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored hypertext transfer protocol web site addresses matching predefined categories or rules; state changes of device, hardware components, firmware modules, and software modules, wherein said state changes comprise one of being started, being stopped, being enabled, being disabled, being activated, being deactivated, being installed, being uninstalled, being turned on, and being turned off; changes of said network reachable identifiers; and device being located in predefined geo-location ranges. | The present invention provides a method, system and program product for peer-to-peer device management, monitor and control. Communication devices connected by communication networks can manage, monitor and control each other; they can be in both managing and managed roles. In one aspect, communication devices can send request messages comprising management, monitor and control commands to peers and receive response messages comprising results and statuses to the request messages from peers. In another aspect, communication devices can send notification messages to peers for management, monitor and control when their monitored contents or states meet predefined criteria.1. A method providing peer-to-peer device management, monitor and control with a first communication device, a second communication device, and a communication network connecting said first communication device and said second communication device, the method comprising the acts of:
negotiating and agreeing the keys for message encryption and message decryption with the credentials from zero or more trusted authorities, and/or said first communication device, and/or said second communication device; generating a request message with commands to manage, monitor and control said second communication device at said first communication device; encrypting said request message with said keys at said first communication device; delivering said request message from said first communication device to said second communication device via said communication network; receiving and storing said request message at said second communication device; decrypting said request message with said keys at said second communication device; executing the commands in said request message at said second communication device; generating a response message with result and status to said request message at said second communication device; encrypting said response message with said keys at said second communication device; delivering said response message from said second communication device to said first communication device via said communication network; receiving and storing said response message at said first communication device; decrypting said response message with said keys at said first communication device; displaying said result and status in said response message at said first communication device; wherein said first communication device and said second communication device comprise one or more of central processing units, system memories, disk storages, operating systems, firmware modules and software modules, input interfaces or components, output interfaces or components, network interfaces or components, and network reachable identifiers; wherein said network reachable identifiers comprise one or more of email addresses, mobile subscriber integrated services digital network (MSISDN) numbers, instant messenger ids, social network ids, session initiation protocol (SIP) addresses, and internet protocol (IP) addresses including internet protocol version 4 (IPv4) address and internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) address; wherein said communication network transports messages between said first communication device and said second communication device, and comprises one or more of satellite networks, wired networks, and wireless networks to provide one or more of internet service, data service, voice service, video service, short message service (SMS), multimedia messaging service (MMS), wi-fi service, session initiation protocol (SIP) service, bluetooth service, and near field communication (NFC) service; wherein said credentials comprise one or more of symmetric keys, public keys, private keys, account names, passwords, sequence numbers, nonce values, and random numbers; and wherein said request message likewise can be generated at said second communication device to manage, monitor and control said first communication device, and then sent from said second communication device to said first communication device via said communication network; said response message with result and status to said request message can be generated at said first communication device, and then sent from said first communication device to said second communication device via said communication network. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said commands comprise one or more of:
retrieving device information comprising manufacture, model, central processing units, system memories, disk storages, operating systems, input interfaces or components, output interfaces or components, network interfaces or components, and said network reachable identifiers; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical statistical reports of cpu, memory, disk, and process usages; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical locations; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical internet protocol (IP) data packets such as email messages, instant messages, and hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) contents if internet service, and/or wi-fi service, and/or data service are supported and subscribed; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical voice call contents if voice service is supported and subscribed; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical video contents if video service is supported and subscribed; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical SMS text messages if short message service (SMS) is supported and subscribed; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical MMS messages if multimedia messaging service (MMS) is supported and subscribed; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical SIP messages if session initiation protocol (SIP) service is supported and subscribed; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical bluetooth messages if bluetooth protocol is supported and enabled; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical NFC messages if near field communication (NFC) is supported and enabled; retrieving list of hardware components, firmware modules and software modules; retrieving parameter names and values of configurations, profiles, policies, and settings about device, hardware components, firmware modules and software modules; modifying parameter names and values of configurations, profiles, policies, and settings about device, hardware components, firmware modules and software modules; installing, uninstalling, enabling, disabling, activating, deactivating, starting, stopping, turning on and turning off hardware components, firmware modules and software modules; creating, modifying, importing, and exporting symmetric keys, public keys, private keys, account names, passwords, nonce values, sequence numbers, and random numbers for device, hardware components, firmware modules and software modules; locking device; unlocking device; and resetting device back to factory default. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the acts of:
generating a notification message for device management, monitor and control when an event for notification occurs at said second communication device; delivering said notification message from said second communication device to said first communication device via said communication network; receiving and storing said notification message at said first communication device; displaying said notification message at said first communication device; and wherein said notification message likewise can be generated at said first communication device for device management, monitor and control, and sent from said first communication device to said second communication device via said communication network. 4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein said event for notification comprises one of:
monitored text messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored text message senders matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored email messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored email message senders matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored instant messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored instant message senders matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored multimedia messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored multimedia message senders matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored session initiation protocol messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored session initiation protocol message senders matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored bluetooth messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored near field communication messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored voice call contents matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored voice caller ids matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored video contents matching predefined keywords, categories or rules; monitored video content senders matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored hypertext transfer protocol contents matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored hypertext transfer protocol web site addresses matching predefined categories or rules; state changes of device, hardware components, firmware modules, and software modules, wherein said state changes comprise one of being started, being stopped, being enabled, being disabled, being activated, being deactivated, being installed, being uninstalled, being turned on, and being turned off; changes of said network reachable identifiers; and device being located in predefined geo-location ranges. 5. A system providing peer-to-peer device management, monitor and control, the system comprising:
a first communication device; a second communication device; a communication network connecting said first communication device and said second communication device; and performing the acts of: negotiating and agreeing the keys for message encryption and message decryption with the credentials from zero or more trusted authorities, and/or said first communication device, and/or said second communication device; generating a request message with commands to manage, monitor and control said second communication device at said first communication device; encrypting said request message with said keys at said first communication device; delivering said request message from said first communication device to said second communication device via said communication network; receiving and storing said request message at said second communication device; decrypting said request message with said keys at said second communication device; executing the commands in said request message at said second communication device; generating a response message with result and status to said request message at said second communication device; encrypting said response message with said keys at said second communication device; delivering said response message from said second communication device to said first communication device via said communication network; receiving and storing said response message at said first communication device; decrypting said response message with said keys at said first communication device; displaying said result and status in said response message at said first communication device; wherein said first communication device and said second communication device comprise one or more of central processing units, system memories, disk storages, operating systems, firmware modules and software modules, input interfaces or components, output interfaces or components, network interfaces or components, and network reachable identifiers; wherein said network reachable identifiers comprise one or more of email addresses, mobile subscriber integrated services digital network (MSISDN) numbers, instant messenger ids, social network ids, session initiation protocol (SIP) addresses, and internet protocol (IP) addresses including internet protocol version 4 (IPv4) address and internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) address; wherein said communication network transports messages between said first communication device and said second communication device, and comprises one or more of satellite networks, wired networks, and wireless networks to provide one or more of internet service, data service, voice service, video service, short message service (SMS), multimedia messaging service (MMS), wi-fi service, session initiation protocol (SIP) service, bluetooth service, and near field communication (NFC) service; wherein said credentials comprise one or more of symmetric keys, public keys, private keys, account names, passwords, sequence numbers, nonce values, and random numbers; and wherein said request message likewise can be generated at said second communication device to manage, monitor and control said first communication device, and then sent from said second communication device to said first communication device via said communication network; said response message with result and status to said request message can be generated at said first communication device, and then sent from said first communication device to said second communication device via said communication network. 6. The system as claimed in claim 5, wherein said commands comprise one or more of:
retrieving device information comprising manufacture, model, central processing units, system memories, disk storages, operating systems, input interfaces or components, output interfaces or components, network interfaces or components, and said network reachable identifiers; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical statistical reports of cpu, memory, disk, and process usages; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical locations; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical internet protocol (IP) data packets such as email messages, instant messages, and hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) contents if internet service, and/or wi-fi service, and/or data service are supported and subscribed; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical voice call contents if voice service is supported and subscribed; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical video contents if video service is supported and subscribed; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical SMS text messages if short message service (SMS) is supported and subscribed; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical MMS messages if multimedia messaging service (MMS) is supported and subscribed; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical SIP messages if session initiation protocol (SIP) service is supported and subscribed; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical bluetooth messages if bluetooth protocol is supported and enabled; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical NFC messages if near field communication (NFC) is supported and enabled; retrieving list of hardware components, firmware modules and software modules; retrieving parameter names and values of configurations, profiles, policies, and settings about device, hardware components, firmware modules and software modules; modifying parameter names and values of configurations, profiles, policies, and settings about device, hardware components, firmware modules and software modules; installing, uninstalling, enabling, disabling, activating, deactivating, starting, stopping, turning on and turning off hardware components, firmware modules and software modules; creating, modifying, importing, and exporting symmetric keys, public keys, private keys, account names, passwords, nonce values, sequence numbers, and random numbers for device, hardware components, firmware modules and software modules; locking device; unlocking device; and resetting device back to factory default. 7. The system as claimed in claim 5, further comprising the acts of:
generating a notification message for device management, monitor and control when an event for notification occurs at said second communication device; delivering said notification message from said second communication device to said first communication device via said communication network; receiving and storing said notification message at said first communication device; displaying said notification message at said first communication device; and wherein said notification message likewise can be generated at said first communication device for device management, monitor and control, and sent from said first communication device to said second communication device via said communication network. 8. The system as claimed in claim 7, wherein said event for notification comprises one of:
monitored text messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored text message senders matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored email messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored email message senders matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored instant messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored instant message senders matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored multimedia messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored multimedia message senders matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored session initiation protocol messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored session initiation protocol message senders matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored bluetooth messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored near field communication messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored voice call contents matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored voice caller ids matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored video contents matching predefined keywords, categories or rules; monitored video content senders matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored hypertext transfer protocol contents matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored hypertext transfer protocol web site addresses matching predefined categories or rules; state changes of device, hardware components, firmware modules, and software modules, wherein said state changes comprise one of being started, being stopped, being enabled, being disabled, being activated, being deactivated, being installed, being uninstalled, being turned on, and being turned off; changes of said network reachable identifiers; and device being located in predefined geo-location ranges. 9. A program product comprising executable instructions embodied in a readable medium of a first communication device and a second communication device for providing peer-to-peer device management, monitor and control with said first communication device, said second communication device, and a communication network connecting said first communication device and said second communication device, the program product comprising the acts of:
negotiating and agreeing the keys for message encryption and message decryption with the credentials from zero or more trusted authorities, and/or said first communication device, and/or said second communication device; generating a request message with commands to manage, monitor and control said second communication device at said first communication device; encrypting said request message with said keys at said first communication device; delivering said request message from said first communication device to said second communication device via said communication network; receiving and storing said request message at said second communication device; decrypting said request message with said keys at said second communication device; executing the commands in said request message at said second communication device; generating a response message with result and status to said request message at said second communication device; encrypting said response message with said keys at said second communication device; delivering said response message from said second communication device to said first communication device via said communication network; receiving and storing said response message at said first communication device; decrypting said response message with said keys at said first communication device; displaying said result and status in said response message at said first communication device; wherein said first communication device and said second communication device comprise one or more of central processing units, system memories, disk storages, operating systems, firmware modules and software modules, input interfaces or components, output interfaces or components, network interfaces or components, and network reachable identifiers; wherein said network reachable identifiers comprise one or more of email addresses, mobile subscriber integrated services digital network (MSISDN) numbers, instant messenger ids, social network ids, session initiation protocol (SIP) addresses, and internet protocol (IP) addresses including internet protocol version 4 (IPv4) address and internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) address; wherein said communication network transports messages between said first communication device and said second communication device, and comprises one or more of satellite networks, wired networks, and wireless networks to provide one or more of internet service, data service, voice service, video service, short message service (SMS), multimedia messaging service (MMS), wi-fi service, session initiation protocol (SIP) service, bluetooth service, and near field communication (NFC) service; wherein said credentials comprise one or more of symmetric keys, public keys, private keys, account names, passwords, sequence numbers, nonce values, and random numbers; and wherein said request message likewise can be generated at said second communication device to manage, monitor and control said first communication device, and then sent from said second communication device to said first communication device via said communication network; said response message with result and status to said request message can be generated at said first communication device, and then sent from said first communication device to said second communication device via said communication network. 10. The program product as claimed in claim 9, wherein said commands comprise one or more of:
retrieving device information comprising manufacture, model, central processing units, system memories, disk storages, operating systems, input interfaces or components, output interfaces or components, network interfaces or components, and said network reachable identifiers; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical statistical reports of cpu, memory, disk, and process usages; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical locations; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical internet protocol (IP) data packets such as email messages, instant messages, and hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) contents if internet service, and/or wi-fi service, and/or data service are supported and subscribed; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical voice call contents if voice service is supported and subscribed; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical video contents if video service is supported and subscribed; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical SMS text messages if short message service (SMS) is supported and subscribed; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical MMS messages if multimedia messaging service (MMS) is supported and subscribed; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical SIP messages if session initiation protocol (SIP) service is supported and subscribed; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical bluetooth messages if bluetooth protocol is supported and enabled; retrieving and/or monitoring current and/or historical NFC messages if near field communication (NFC) is supported and enabled; retrieving list of hardware components, firmware modules and software modules; retrieving parameter names and values of configurations, profiles, policies, and settings about device, hardware components, firmware modules and software modules; modifying parameter names and values of configurations, profiles, policies, and settings about device, hardware components, firmware modules and software modules; installing, uninstalling, enabling, disabling, activating, deactivating, starting, stopping, turning on and turning off hardware components, firmware modules and software modules; creating, modifying, importing, and exporting symmetric keys, public keys, private keys, account names, passwords, nonce values, sequence numbers, and random numbers for device, hardware components, firmware modules and software modules; locking device; unlocking device; and resetting device back to factory default. 11. The program product as claimed in claim 9, further comprising the acts of:
generating a notification message for device management, monitor and control when an event for notification occurs at said second communication device; delivering said notification message from said second communication device to said first communication device via said communication network; receiving and storing said notification message at said first communication device; displaying said notification message at said first communication device; and wherein said notification message likewise can be generated at said first communication device for device management, monitor and control, and sent from said first communication device to said second communication device via said communication network. 12. The program product as claimed in claim 11, wherein said event for notification comprises one of:
monitored text messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored text message senders matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored email messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored email message senders matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored instant messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored instant message senders matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored multimedia messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored multimedia message senders matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored session initiation protocol messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored session initiation protocol message senders matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored bluetooth messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored near field communication messages matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored voice call contents matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored voice caller ids matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored video contents matching predefined keywords, categories or rules; monitored video content senders matching predefined blacklists or rules; monitored hypertext transfer protocol contents matching predefined keywords or rules; monitored hypertext transfer protocol web site addresses matching predefined categories or rules; state changes of device, hardware components, firmware modules, and software modules, wherein said state changes comprise one of being started, being stopped, being enabled, being disabled, being activated, being deactivated, being installed, being uninstalled, being turned on, and being turned off; changes of said network reachable identifiers; and device being located in predefined geo-location ranges. | 2,400 |
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