Unnamed: 0 int64 0 350k | level_0 int64 0 351k | ApplicationNumber int64 9.75M 96.1M | ArtUnit int64 1.6k 3.99k | Abstract stringlengths 1 8.37k | Claims stringlengths 3 292k | abstract-claims stringlengths 68 293k | TechCenter int64 1.6k 3.9k |
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9,500 | 9,500 | 12,932,259 | 2,454 | Systems and methods for creating and sustaining cause-based social communities and for creating social communities around a specific cause using mobile wireless devices and the global network of computers are described. The system has a cause-server on the global net, a cause-message originating mobile device and a ring of mobile devices. The ring has a first ring, directly reachable by original mobile, a second ring, reachable by mobile devices of first ring, and a third ring, reachable by mobile devices of the second ring of mobile devices and so on. These rings enable a cause-message to spread out in rings globally or regionally. The cause-server hosts functions that (i) enable creation of a cause-image message, (ii) distribute the cause-image to mobile devices, (iii) create a real time map of the distribution, (iv) enable display of the map updated periodically, and (v) archive the cause-message data for subsequent search/retrieval. | 1. A system of creating and sustaining a social community on a global net, comprising:
a. a cause-message, the cause-message has an associated cause-image part and a cause-text part, where the cause-image is sized to fit the screen of handheld mobile wireless devices and the cause-text is sized to fit on a portion of the cause-image; b. the cause-message is stored in a cause-server database of a cause-server and accessible to others by search and retrieval based on fields that include, categories of causes, a cause identification, a cause originator identification, or a date range, where the cause-message supports creation of a cause-based social community. 2. The system as in claim 1, comprising:
the cause-text part identifies (i) a cause, (ii) an originator of the cause by a name/handle, and (iii) a celebrity status of the originator. 3. The system as in claim 1, comprising:
the cause-text part of the cause-message begins with a verb-part identifying the cause, where the verb may include one from a group of, save, free, support, in memory of, in remembrance, be a, love, fight, donate, show support, find me a, pray, or light a candle. 4. The system as in claim 1, comprising:
the cause-image part may be a single image, a flash animation, a video and any other image format that visually illustrates a cause. 5. The system as in claim 1, comprising:
the cause message is originated by a mobile device owner and is spread by the mobile device owner, sending a cause-message link in the cause-server to a list of contacts and they in turn forwards the link to others in their own contact lists. 6. The system as in claim 1, comprising:
a social-community application operable in the cause-server on the global computer network, the application enables creation and spread of cause-messages. 7. The system as in claim 6, comprising:
the social-community application enables creation of (i) the cause-message, (ii) cause-message supporting content that is associated with the cause-message, where the supporting content may include from a group of, cause-originator information, cause-support data and images, dialogue/communication with others, and link(s) to similar other supporting causes in the cause-server, the application enables creation and maintenance of a cause-message based social community via the different parts of the cause-message and cause-supporting content. 8. A method of creating and sustaining social communities on a global net comprising the steps of:
a. enabling creating a cause-message by a cause-originator by a social-community application operable in a cause-server; b. enabling posting the cause-message to the cause-server; and c. enabling spreading the cause-message from the cause-server. 9. The method as in claim 8, comprising the steps of:
enabling creating the cause-message in multiple parts of, with an associated cause-image and a cause-text; and fitting the cause-text on a portion of the cause-image. 10. The method as in claim 9, comprising the steps of:
enabling creating the multiple parts of the cause-message, where cause-text that is fitted over the cause-image, identifying a cause, a cause-originator and a celebrity status of the cause-originator. 11. The method as in claim 8, comprising the steps of:
a. maintaining databases in the cause-server enabling search and retrieval of the cause-messages by others; b. downloading the cause-message to mobiles and sending links to the cause-message to others by e-mail and text messages enabling the message to spread out. 12. The method as in claim 8, comprising:
enabling creating a cause-message supporting content that is associated with the cause-message, the supporting content may include from a group of, cause-originator information, cause-support data and images, dialogue/communication with other, and link(s) to similar other supporting causes in the cause-server. 13. The method as in claim 12, comprising:
enabling creating and maintaining a cause-message based social community via the different parts of the cause-message and cause-supporting content. 14. A system for creating a social community on a global communication network, comprising:
a. a social-community application operable in a server on the global computer network, the server identified as a cause-server, where the social-community application has a server part and a wireless mobile device part, an originating mobile device using the application enables creation of a cause-message, the cause-message is upload by the originating mobile device to the server along with the mobile device position; b. the cause-server stores the cause-message in the server and sends the server link to the originating mobile device, the mobile device part creates a text message and an e-mail, embeds the server link with the message, and broadcasts the message to a list of mobile device's contacts in the originating mobile device, enabling other mobile receivers identified on the list to receive the cause-message; c. the other mobile receivers, also identified as a first-ring of mobile devices open the message, choose to join/associate with the cause and click the link to load the cause-message to their own mobile devices from the cause-server along with a version of mobile application part to enable them to broadcast the cause to their list of contacts; and d. the application stores the first-ring mobile device locations in the cause-server, and sends the cause-message to the respective mobile devices (the second-ring mobile devices), when they load the cause-message with the version of the mobile application part that repeats the broadcasts to each one's mobile contacts, thus a third set of rings, and so on are created enabling the cause-message to spread out via successive rings of mobile devices. 15. The system as in claim 14, comprising:
a. the application stores in a database, data related to the mobile locations, the cause-message, and the computations of rate and location of spread of the cause-message. b. the application creates a geographic map showing the spread of the message showing the locations of the original mobile device and the locations of the first-ring and the subsequent-rings of the mobile devices that have clicked the server link to receive the cause-message. 16. The system as in claim 15, comprising:
the cause-server down loads the map to anyone with a display on a display screen of (i) the map in the middle, (ii) the cause-message displayed on a part of the screen, (iii) the running count of cause-message spread in the bottom space, (iv) and uses the other spaces of the display screen as advertising space; the map and the display are updated periodically with an updated map and advertising space content. 17. The system as in claim 16, comprising:
the spread-out of the cause-message is displayed on the map as clusters of light points and may also be displayed as a spider chart. 18. The system as in claim 16, comprising:
a time out for the cause-message spread is declared when the rate of spread falls below a threshold; and the total count by region is displayed and the map is frozen and archived for subsequent retrieval searchable by cause id, original mobile name and date range. 19. The system as in claim 14, comprising:
the cause-message has a cause-text part and a cause-image part, where the cause-text part is overlaid over the cause-image part, creating a composite cause-message. 20. The system as in claim 19, comprising:
the cause-text part of the cause-message begins with a verb part identifying the cause, where the verb may include from a group of, save, free, support, in memory of, in remembrance, be a, love, fight, donate funds, donate, show, find me a, light a candle. | Systems and methods for creating and sustaining cause-based social communities and for creating social communities around a specific cause using mobile wireless devices and the global network of computers are described. The system has a cause-server on the global net, a cause-message originating mobile device and a ring of mobile devices. The ring has a first ring, directly reachable by original mobile, a second ring, reachable by mobile devices of first ring, and a third ring, reachable by mobile devices of the second ring of mobile devices and so on. These rings enable a cause-message to spread out in rings globally or regionally. The cause-server hosts functions that (i) enable creation of a cause-image message, (ii) distribute the cause-image to mobile devices, (iii) create a real time map of the distribution, (iv) enable display of the map updated periodically, and (v) archive the cause-message data for subsequent search/retrieval.1. A system of creating and sustaining a social community on a global net, comprising:
a. a cause-message, the cause-message has an associated cause-image part and a cause-text part, where the cause-image is sized to fit the screen of handheld mobile wireless devices and the cause-text is sized to fit on a portion of the cause-image; b. the cause-message is stored in a cause-server database of a cause-server and accessible to others by search and retrieval based on fields that include, categories of causes, a cause identification, a cause originator identification, or a date range, where the cause-message supports creation of a cause-based social community. 2. The system as in claim 1, comprising:
the cause-text part identifies (i) a cause, (ii) an originator of the cause by a name/handle, and (iii) a celebrity status of the originator. 3. The system as in claim 1, comprising:
the cause-text part of the cause-message begins with a verb-part identifying the cause, where the verb may include one from a group of, save, free, support, in memory of, in remembrance, be a, love, fight, donate, show support, find me a, pray, or light a candle. 4. The system as in claim 1, comprising:
the cause-image part may be a single image, a flash animation, a video and any other image format that visually illustrates a cause. 5. The system as in claim 1, comprising:
the cause message is originated by a mobile device owner and is spread by the mobile device owner, sending a cause-message link in the cause-server to a list of contacts and they in turn forwards the link to others in their own contact lists. 6. The system as in claim 1, comprising:
a social-community application operable in the cause-server on the global computer network, the application enables creation and spread of cause-messages. 7. The system as in claim 6, comprising:
the social-community application enables creation of (i) the cause-message, (ii) cause-message supporting content that is associated with the cause-message, where the supporting content may include from a group of, cause-originator information, cause-support data and images, dialogue/communication with others, and link(s) to similar other supporting causes in the cause-server, the application enables creation and maintenance of a cause-message based social community via the different parts of the cause-message and cause-supporting content. 8. A method of creating and sustaining social communities on a global net comprising the steps of:
a. enabling creating a cause-message by a cause-originator by a social-community application operable in a cause-server; b. enabling posting the cause-message to the cause-server; and c. enabling spreading the cause-message from the cause-server. 9. The method as in claim 8, comprising the steps of:
enabling creating the cause-message in multiple parts of, with an associated cause-image and a cause-text; and fitting the cause-text on a portion of the cause-image. 10. The method as in claim 9, comprising the steps of:
enabling creating the multiple parts of the cause-message, where cause-text that is fitted over the cause-image, identifying a cause, a cause-originator and a celebrity status of the cause-originator. 11. The method as in claim 8, comprising the steps of:
a. maintaining databases in the cause-server enabling search and retrieval of the cause-messages by others; b. downloading the cause-message to mobiles and sending links to the cause-message to others by e-mail and text messages enabling the message to spread out. 12. The method as in claim 8, comprising:
enabling creating a cause-message supporting content that is associated with the cause-message, the supporting content may include from a group of, cause-originator information, cause-support data and images, dialogue/communication with other, and link(s) to similar other supporting causes in the cause-server. 13. The method as in claim 12, comprising:
enabling creating and maintaining a cause-message based social community via the different parts of the cause-message and cause-supporting content. 14. A system for creating a social community on a global communication network, comprising:
a. a social-community application operable in a server on the global computer network, the server identified as a cause-server, where the social-community application has a server part and a wireless mobile device part, an originating mobile device using the application enables creation of a cause-message, the cause-message is upload by the originating mobile device to the server along with the mobile device position; b. the cause-server stores the cause-message in the server and sends the server link to the originating mobile device, the mobile device part creates a text message and an e-mail, embeds the server link with the message, and broadcasts the message to a list of mobile device's contacts in the originating mobile device, enabling other mobile receivers identified on the list to receive the cause-message; c. the other mobile receivers, also identified as a first-ring of mobile devices open the message, choose to join/associate with the cause and click the link to load the cause-message to their own mobile devices from the cause-server along with a version of mobile application part to enable them to broadcast the cause to their list of contacts; and d. the application stores the first-ring mobile device locations in the cause-server, and sends the cause-message to the respective mobile devices (the second-ring mobile devices), when they load the cause-message with the version of the mobile application part that repeats the broadcasts to each one's mobile contacts, thus a third set of rings, and so on are created enabling the cause-message to spread out via successive rings of mobile devices. 15. The system as in claim 14, comprising:
a. the application stores in a database, data related to the mobile locations, the cause-message, and the computations of rate and location of spread of the cause-message. b. the application creates a geographic map showing the spread of the message showing the locations of the original mobile device and the locations of the first-ring and the subsequent-rings of the mobile devices that have clicked the server link to receive the cause-message. 16. The system as in claim 15, comprising:
the cause-server down loads the map to anyone with a display on a display screen of (i) the map in the middle, (ii) the cause-message displayed on a part of the screen, (iii) the running count of cause-message spread in the bottom space, (iv) and uses the other spaces of the display screen as advertising space; the map and the display are updated periodically with an updated map and advertising space content. 17. The system as in claim 16, comprising:
the spread-out of the cause-message is displayed on the map as clusters of light points and may also be displayed as a spider chart. 18. The system as in claim 16, comprising:
a time out for the cause-message spread is declared when the rate of spread falls below a threshold; and the total count by region is displayed and the map is frozen and archived for subsequent retrieval searchable by cause id, original mobile name and date range. 19. The system as in claim 14, comprising:
the cause-message has a cause-text part and a cause-image part, where the cause-text part is overlaid over the cause-image part, creating a composite cause-message. 20. The system as in claim 19, comprising:
the cause-text part of the cause-message begins with a verb part identifying the cause, where the verb may include from a group of, save, free, support, in memory of, in remembrance, be a, love, fight, donate funds, donate, show, find me a, light a candle. | 2,400 |
9,501 | 9,501 | 15,567,820 | 2,477 | Examples include techniques for determining power offsets of a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH). In some examples higher and physical layer signaling may be provided to user equipment (UE) by a base station such as an evolved Node B to enable the UE to determine power offset values for a multiplexed PDSCH having a serving PDSCH and a co-scheduled PDSCH transmitted via use of same time and frequency resources. The determined power offset values for use by the UE to demodulate the serving PDSCH and mitigate possible interference caused by the co-scheduled PDSCH. Both the UE and the eNB may operate in compliance with one or more 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) standards. | 1. An apparatus comprising:
logic, at least a portion of the logic in hardware, the logic located with user equipment (UE) capable of operating in compliance with one or more 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) standards including LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), the logic to:
receive power offset information in a radio resource control (RRC) information element (IE) for a serving physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) and/or a co-scheduled PDSCH;
receive downlink control information indicating modulation information for the serving PDSCH; and
determine, for one or more resource blocks (RBs), a first detected power offset value for the serving PDSCH and a second detected power offset value for the co-scheduled PDSCH based on the power offset or the modulation information. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, comprising the logic to:
demodulate the serving PDSCH based on the first detected power offset value. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, the logic to demodulate the serving PDSCH includes the logic to suppress the co-scheduled PDSCH based on the second detected power offset value to reduce interference caused by the co-scheduled PDSCH transmitted by an evolved Node B (eNB) via use of same time and frequency resources as used for the serving PDSCH. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, the logic to determine the first and second detected power offset values based on the power offset information, the determination to further comprise:
the power offset information to indicate a first indicated power offset subset for the serving PDSCH that includes a first ratio of the serving PDSCH and the co-scheduled PDSCH energy per resource element (EPRE) to a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a second ratio of the serving PDSCH and the co-scheduled PDSCH EPRE to a user-specific reference signal (UE-RS) EPRE or a third ratio of the serving PDSCH and co-scheduled PDSCH EPRE to a total PDSCH EPRE; and the logic to determine the first and second detected power offset values based on the first ratio, the second ratio or the third ratio. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, the logic to determine the first and second detected power offset values based on both the power offset information and the modulation information for the serving PDSCH, the modulation information to indicate a first modulation order for the serving PDSCH, the first ratio, the second ratio or the third ratio based on the first modulation order. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, the logic to determine the first and second detected power offset values based on the power offset information, the determination to further comprise:
the power offset information to indicate one of at least two power offset values including a first value of 0 decibel (dB) and a second value represented by “Pa”, where Pa is according to a first 3GPP technical specification (TS) to include TS 36.213. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, the first value of 0 dB indicates no expected interference from the co-scheduled PDSCH, the second value represented by Pa indicates expected interference from the co-scheduled PDSCH. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, the logic to determine the first and second detected power offset values based on the modulation information, the modulation information to indicate a first modulation order for the serving PDSCH, the logic to:
detect a composite constellation of a multiplexed PDSCH that includes the serving PDSCH and the co-scheduled PDSCH; determine a second modulation order for the co-scheduled PDSCH based on the composite constellation and the first modulation order; and match a first assigned power offset value to the serving PDSCH and match a second assigned power offset value to the co-scheduled PDSCH based on both the indicated first modulation order and the determined second modulation order. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, comprising a digital display coupled to the processor circuit to present a user interface view. 10. At least one machine readable medium comprising a plurality of instructions that in response to being executed on a system for user equipment (UE) capable of operating in compliance with one or more or more 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) standards including LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), causes the system to:
receive power offset information in a radio resource control (RRC) information element (IE) for a serving physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) and/or a co-scheduled PDSCH; receive downlink control information indicating modulation information for the serving PDSCH; and determine, for one or more resource blocks (RBs), a first detected power offset value for the serving PDSCH and a second detected power offset value for the co-scheduled PDSCH based on the power offset or the modulation information. 11. The at least one machine readable medium of claim 10, comprising the instruction to further cause the system to:
demodulate the serving PDSCH based on the first and second detected power offset values. 12. The at least one machine readable medium of claim 10, the instructions to cause the system to determine the first and second detected power offset values based on the power offset information, the determination to further comprise:
the power offset information to indicate a first indicated power offset subset for the serving PDSCH that includes a first ratio of the serving PDSCH and the co-scheduled PDSCH energy per resource element (EPRE) to a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a second ratio of the serving PDSCH and the co-scheduled PDSCH EPRE to a user-specific reference signal (UE-RS) EPRE or a third ratio of the serving PDSCH and co-scheduled PDSCH EPRE to a total PDSCH EPRE; and the instructions to cause the system to determine the first and second detected power offset values based on the first ratio, the second ratio or the third ratio. 13. The at least one machine readable medium of claim 12, the instructions to cause the system to determine the first and second detected power offset values based on both the power offset information and the modulation information for the serving PDSCH, the modulation information to indicate a first modulation order for the serving PDSCH, the first ratio, the second ratio or the third ratio based on the first modulation order. 14. The at least one machine readable medium of claim 10, the instructions to cause the system to determine the first and second detected power offset values based on the modulation information, the modulation information to indicate a first modulation order for the serving PDSCH, the instructions to further cause the system to:
detect a composite constellation of a multiplexed PDSCH that includes the serving PDSCH and the co-scheduled PDSCH; determine a second modulation order for the co-scheduled PDSCH based on the composite constellation and the first modulation order; and match a first assigned power offset value to the serving PDSCH and match a second assigned power offset value to the co-scheduled PDSCH based on both the indicated first modulation order and the determined second modulation order. 15. An apparatus comprising:
logic, at least a portion of the logic in hardware, the logic located with an evolved Node B (eNB) capable of operating in compliance with one or more 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) standards including LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), the logic to:
send power offset information in a radio resource control (RRC) information element (IE) to a user equipment (UE), the power offset information for a serving physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) and/or a co-scheduled PDSCH;
send downlink control information that indicates modulation information for the serving PDSCH; and
cause data to be transmitted via the serving PDSCH to the UE using same time and frequency resources as used for the co-scheduled PDSCH, the UE to determine, for one or more resource blocks (RBs), a first detected power offset value for the serving PDSCH and a second detected power offset value for the co-scheduled PDSCH based on the power offset or the modulation information. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, the power offset information to indicate a first indicated power offset subset for the serving PDSCH that includes first ratio of the serving PDSCH and the co-scheduled PDSCH energy per resource element (EPRE) to a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a second ratio of the serving PDSCH and the co-scheduled PDSCH EPRE to a user-specific reference signal (UE-RS) EPRE or a third ratio of the serving PDSCH and co-scheduled PDSCH EPRE to a total PDSCH EPRE, the UE to determine the first and second detected power offset values based on the first ratio, the second ratio or the third ratio. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, the modulation information to indicate a first modulation order for the serving PDSCH, the UE to determine the first and second detected power offset values based on both the power offset information and the modulation information for the serving PDSCH, the first ratio, the second ratio or the third ratio based on the first modulation order. 18. The apparatus of claim 15, the UE to determine the first and second detected power offset values based on the power offset information, the power offset information indicating one of at least two power offset values including a first value of 0 decibel (dB) and a second value represented by “Pa”, where Pa is according to a first 3GPP technical specification (TS) to include TS 36.213. 19. The apparatus of claim 15, comprising a digital display coupled to the processor circuit to present a user interface view. 20. A method comprising:
sending, at an evolved Node B (eNB) capable of operating in compliance with one or more 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) standards including LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), power offset information in a radio resource control (RRC) information element (IE) to a user equipment (UE), the power offset information for a serving physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) and/or a co-scheduled PDSCH; sending downlink control information indicating modulation information for the serving PDSCH; and causing data to be transmitted via the serving PDSCH to the UE using same time and frequency resources as used for the co-scheduled PDSCH, the UE to determine, for one or more resource blocks (RBs), a first detected power offset value for the serving PDSCH and a second detected power offset value for the co-scheduled PDSCH based on the power offset or the modulation information. 21. The method of claim 20, the power offset information indicating a first indicated power offset subset for the serving PDSCH that indicates a first ratio of the serving PDSCH and the co-scheduled PDSCH energy per resource element (EPRE) to a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a second ratio of the serving PDSCH and the co-scheduled PDSCH EPRE to a user-specific reference signal (UE-RS) EPRE or a third ratio of the serving PDSCH and co-scheduled PDSCH EPRE to a total PDSCH EPRE, the UE to determine the first and second detected power offset values based on the first ratio, the second ratio or the third ratio. 22. The method of claim 21, the modulation information indicating a first modulation order for the serving PDSCH, the UE to determine the first and second detected power offset values based on both the power offset information and the modulation information for the serving PDSCH, the first ratio, the second ratio or the third ratio based on the first modulation order. 23. The method of claim 21, the UE to determine the first and second detected power offset values based on the power offset information, the power offset information indicating one of at least two power offset values including a first value of 0 decibel (dB) and a second value represented by “Pa”, where Pa is according to a first 3GPP technical specification (TS) to include TS 36.213, the first value of 0 dB to indicate no expected interference from the co-scheduled PDSCH, the second value represented by Pa to indicate expected interference from the co-scheduled PDSCH. 24. (canceled) 25. (canceled) 26. The at least one machine readable medium of claim 11, the system to demodulate the serving PDSCH includes the instructions to cause the system to suppress the co-scheduled PDSCH based on the second detected power offset value to reduce interference caused by the co-scheduled PDSCH transmitted by an evolved Node B (eNB) via use of same time and frequency resources as used for the serving PDSCH. 27. The apparatus of claim 19, the first value of 0 dB to indicate no expected interference from the co-scheduled PDSCH, the second value represented by Pa to indicate expected interference from the co-scheduled PDSCH. | Examples include techniques for determining power offsets of a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH). In some examples higher and physical layer signaling may be provided to user equipment (UE) by a base station such as an evolved Node B to enable the UE to determine power offset values for a multiplexed PDSCH having a serving PDSCH and a co-scheduled PDSCH transmitted via use of same time and frequency resources. The determined power offset values for use by the UE to demodulate the serving PDSCH and mitigate possible interference caused by the co-scheduled PDSCH. Both the UE and the eNB may operate in compliance with one or more 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) standards.1. An apparatus comprising:
logic, at least a portion of the logic in hardware, the logic located with user equipment (UE) capable of operating in compliance with one or more 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) standards including LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), the logic to:
receive power offset information in a radio resource control (RRC) information element (IE) for a serving physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) and/or a co-scheduled PDSCH;
receive downlink control information indicating modulation information for the serving PDSCH; and
determine, for one or more resource blocks (RBs), a first detected power offset value for the serving PDSCH and a second detected power offset value for the co-scheduled PDSCH based on the power offset or the modulation information. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, comprising the logic to:
demodulate the serving PDSCH based on the first detected power offset value. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, the logic to demodulate the serving PDSCH includes the logic to suppress the co-scheduled PDSCH based on the second detected power offset value to reduce interference caused by the co-scheduled PDSCH transmitted by an evolved Node B (eNB) via use of same time and frequency resources as used for the serving PDSCH. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, the logic to determine the first and second detected power offset values based on the power offset information, the determination to further comprise:
the power offset information to indicate a first indicated power offset subset for the serving PDSCH that includes a first ratio of the serving PDSCH and the co-scheduled PDSCH energy per resource element (EPRE) to a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a second ratio of the serving PDSCH and the co-scheduled PDSCH EPRE to a user-specific reference signal (UE-RS) EPRE or a third ratio of the serving PDSCH and co-scheduled PDSCH EPRE to a total PDSCH EPRE; and the logic to determine the first and second detected power offset values based on the first ratio, the second ratio or the third ratio. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, the logic to determine the first and second detected power offset values based on both the power offset information and the modulation information for the serving PDSCH, the modulation information to indicate a first modulation order for the serving PDSCH, the first ratio, the second ratio or the third ratio based on the first modulation order. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, the logic to determine the first and second detected power offset values based on the power offset information, the determination to further comprise:
the power offset information to indicate one of at least two power offset values including a first value of 0 decibel (dB) and a second value represented by “Pa”, where Pa is according to a first 3GPP technical specification (TS) to include TS 36.213. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, the first value of 0 dB indicates no expected interference from the co-scheduled PDSCH, the second value represented by Pa indicates expected interference from the co-scheduled PDSCH. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, the logic to determine the first and second detected power offset values based on the modulation information, the modulation information to indicate a first modulation order for the serving PDSCH, the logic to:
detect a composite constellation of a multiplexed PDSCH that includes the serving PDSCH and the co-scheduled PDSCH; determine a second modulation order for the co-scheduled PDSCH based on the composite constellation and the first modulation order; and match a first assigned power offset value to the serving PDSCH and match a second assigned power offset value to the co-scheduled PDSCH based on both the indicated first modulation order and the determined second modulation order. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, comprising a digital display coupled to the processor circuit to present a user interface view. 10. At least one machine readable medium comprising a plurality of instructions that in response to being executed on a system for user equipment (UE) capable of operating in compliance with one or more or more 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) standards including LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), causes the system to:
receive power offset information in a radio resource control (RRC) information element (IE) for a serving physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) and/or a co-scheduled PDSCH; receive downlink control information indicating modulation information for the serving PDSCH; and determine, for one or more resource blocks (RBs), a first detected power offset value for the serving PDSCH and a second detected power offset value for the co-scheduled PDSCH based on the power offset or the modulation information. 11. The at least one machine readable medium of claim 10, comprising the instruction to further cause the system to:
demodulate the serving PDSCH based on the first and second detected power offset values. 12. The at least one machine readable medium of claim 10, the instructions to cause the system to determine the first and second detected power offset values based on the power offset information, the determination to further comprise:
the power offset information to indicate a first indicated power offset subset for the serving PDSCH that includes a first ratio of the serving PDSCH and the co-scheduled PDSCH energy per resource element (EPRE) to a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a second ratio of the serving PDSCH and the co-scheduled PDSCH EPRE to a user-specific reference signal (UE-RS) EPRE or a third ratio of the serving PDSCH and co-scheduled PDSCH EPRE to a total PDSCH EPRE; and the instructions to cause the system to determine the first and second detected power offset values based on the first ratio, the second ratio or the third ratio. 13. The at least one machine readable medium of claim 12, the instructions to cause the system to determine the first and second detected power offset values based on both the power offset information and the modulation information for the serving PDSCH, the modulation information to indicate a first modulation order for the serving PDSCH, the first ratio, the second ratio or the third ratio based on the first modulation order. 14. The at least one machine readable medium of claim 10, the instructions to cause the system to determine the first and second detected power offset values based on the modulation information, the modulation information to indicate a first modulation order for the serving PDSCH, the instructions to further cause the system to:
detect a composite constellation of a multiplexed PDSCH that includes the serving PDSCH and the co-scheduled PDSCH; determine a second modulation order for the co-scheduled PDSCH based on the composite constellation and the first modulation order; and match a first assigned power offset value to the serving PDSCH and match a second assigned power offset value to the co-scheduled PDSCH based on both the indicated first modulation order and the determined second modulation order. 15. An apparatus comprising:
logic, at least a portion of the logic in hardware, the logic located with an evolved Node B (eNB) capable of operating in compliance with one or more 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) standards including LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), the logic to:
send power offset information in a radio resource control (RRC) information element (IE) to a user equipment (UE), the power offset information for a serving physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) and/or a co-scheduled PDSCH;
send downlink control information that indicates modulation information for the serving PDSCH; and
cause data to be transmitted via the serving PDSCH to the UE using same time and frequency resources as used for the co-scheduled PDSCH, the UE to determine, for one or more resource blocks (RBs), a first detected power offset value for the serving PDSCH and a second detected power offset value for the co-scheduled PDSCH based on the power offset or the modulation information. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, the power offset information to indicate a first indicated power offset subset for the serving PDSCH that includes first ratio of the serving PDSCH and the co-scheduled PDSCH energy per resource element (EPRE) to a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a second ratio of the serving PDSCH and the co-scheduled PDSCH EPRE to a user-specific reference signal (UE-RS) EPRE or a third ratio of the serving PDSCH and co-scheduled PDSCH EPRE to a total PDSCH EPRE, the UE to determine the first and second detected power offset values based on the first ratio, the second ratio or the third ratio. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, the modulation information to indicate a first modulation order for the serving PDSCH, the UE to determine the first and second detected power offset values based on both the power offset information and the modulation information for the serving PDSCH, the first ratio, the second ratio or the third ratio based on the first modulation order. 18. The apparatus of claim 15, the UE to determine the first and second detected power offset values based on the power offset information, the power offset information indicating one of at least two power offset values including a first value of 0 decibel (dB) and a second value represented by “Pa”, where Pa is according to a first 3GPP technical specification (TS) to include TS 36.213. 19. The apparatus of claim 15, comprising a digital display coupled to the processor circuit to present a user interface view. 20. A method comprising:
sending, at an evolved Node B (eNB) capable of operating in compliance with one or more 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) standards including LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), power offset information in a radio resource control (RRC) information element (IE) to a user equipment (UE), the power offset information for a serving physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) and/or a co-scheduled PDSCH; sending downlink control information indicating modulation information for the serving PDSCH; and causing data to be transmitted via the serving PDSCH to the UE using same time and frequency resources as used for the co-scheduled PDSCH, the UE to determine, for one or more resource blocks (RBs), a first detected power offset value for the serving PDSCH and a second detected power offset value for the co-scheduled PDSCH based on the power offset or the modulation information. 21. The method of claim 20, the power offset information indicating a first indicated power offset subset for the serving PDSCH that indicates a first ratio of the serving PDSCH and the co-scheduled PDSCH energy per resource element (EPRE) to a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a second ratio of the serving PDSCH and the co-scheduled PDSCH EPRE to a user-specific reference signal (UE-RS) EPRE or a third ratio of the serving PDSCH and co-scheduled PDSCH EPRE to a total PDSCH EPRE, the UE to determine the first and second detected power offset values based on the first ratio, the second ratio or the third ratio. 22. The method of claim 21, the modulation information indicating a first modulation order for the serving PDSCH, the UE to determine the first and second detected power offset values based on both the power offset information and the modulation information for the serving PDSCH, the first ratio, the second ratio or the third ratio based on the first modulation order. 23. The method of claim 21, the UE to determine the first and second detected power offset values based on the power offset information, the power offset information indicating one of at least two power offset values including a first value of 0 decibel (dB) and a second value represented by “Pa”, where Pa is according to a first 3GPP technical specification (TS) to include TS 36.213, the first value of 0 dB to indicate no expected interference from the co-scheduled PDSCH, the second value represented by Pa to indicate expected interference from the co-scheduled PDSCH. 24. (canceled) 25. (canceled) 26. The at least one machine readable medium of claim 11, the system to demodulate the serving PDSCH includes the instructions to cause the system to suppress the co-scheduled PDSCH based on the second detected power offset value to reduce interference caused by the co-scheduled PDSCH transmitted by an evolved Node B (eNB) via use of same time and frequency resources as used for the serving PDSCH. 27. The apparatus of claim 19, the first value of 0 dB to indicate no expected interference from the co-scheduled PDSCH, the second value represented by Pa to indicate expected interference from the co-scheduled PDSCH. | 2,400 |
9,502 | 9,502 | 16,479,093 | 2,461 | A radio node is configured for use in a wireless communication system. The radio node in this regard is configured to transmit a signal that is punctured by another signal to another radio node. The radio node is also configured to estimate a probability of decoding failure that characterizes a likelihood that the another radio will fail to decode the punctured signal. The radio node is further configured to retransmit at least a punctured portion of the punctured signal if the estimated probability is above a threshold. | 1. A method for a radio node to transmit punctured signals in a wireless communications system, the method comprising:
transmitting a signal that is punctured by another signal to another radio node; estimating a probability of decoding failure that characterizes a likelihood that the another radio will fail to decode the punctured signal; and if the estimated probability is above a threshold, retransmitting at least a punctured portion of the punctured signal. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least a portion of the punctured signal is retransmitted before a NACK is received for the punctured signal from the another radio node. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the punctured signal is an eMBB signal and the another signal is a URLLC signal. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the probability of decoding failure is estimated based on at least one of:
a fraction of punctured bits in the punctured signal, a code block length of the punctured signal, a code rate of the punctured signal, a modulation coding scheme used to the modulate and encode the punctured signal, and/or a SNR parameter measured on a channel between the radio node and the another radio node. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least a portion of the punctured signal is retransmitted using pre-scheduled uplink resources. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least a portion of the punctured signal is retransmitted using uplink resources indicated by a retransmission scheduling grant. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the uplink resources allow retransmission of only the punctured portion of the punctured signal. 8. A method for a radio node to receive punctured signals in a wireless communications system, the method comprising:
receiving a signal that is punctured by another signal from another radio node; detecting that the received signal is punctured; and ignoring soft information, generated by a decoding process, that corresponds to at least a punctured portion of the punctured signal. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
determining that the another radio node will likely retransmit at least a punctured portion of the punctured signal; and based on the determining, refraining from transmitting a NACK to the another radio node. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
detecting and decoding control signaling of the another signal, the control signaling indicating to the radio node information about which portion of the punctured signal is punctured, wherein ignoring the soft information generated by the decoding process that corresponds to the at least a punctured portion of the punctured signal includes using the information about which portion of the punctured signal is punctured to determine which soft information to ignore. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the control signaling is a downlink preemption indication included in a group common DCI. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein ignoring the soft information includes setting LLR values corresponding to the ignored soft information to zero. 13-21. (canceled) 22. The method of claim 1, wherein the radio node is a wireless device and the another radio node is a radio access node. 23. The method of claim 1, wherein the radio node is a radio access node and the another radio node is a wireless device. 24. (canceled) 25. A wireless device for a wireless communications system comprising:
at least one transceiver; at least one processor operably coupled to the at least one transceiver; and memory comprising instructions executable by the at least one processor whereby the wireless device is operable to perform a method comprising: transmitting a signal that is punctured by another signal to another radio node; estimating a probability of decoding failure that characterizes a likelihood that the another radio will fail to decode the punctured signal; and if the estimated probability is above a threshold, retransmitting at least a punctured portion of the punctured signal. 26. (canceled) 27. A radio access node for a wireless communications system comprising:
at least one radio unit comprising at least one transmitter and at least one receiver; at least one processor operably coupled to the at least one radio unit; and memory comprising instructions executable by the at least one processor whereby the radio access node is operable to perform a method comprising: receiving a signal that is punctured by another signal from another radio node: detecting that the received signal is punctured; and ignoring soft information, generated by a decoding process, that corresponds to at least a punctured portion of the punctured signal. 28-35. (canceled) 36. The wireless device of claim 25, wherein the probability of decoding failure is estimated based on at least one of:
a fraction of punctured bits in the punctured signal, a code block length of the punctured signal, a code rate of the punctured signal, a modulation coding scheme used to the modulate and encode the punctured signal, and/or a SNR parameter measured on a channel between the radio node and the another radio node. 37. The wireless device of claim 25, wherein the at least a portion of the punctured signal is retransmitted using pre-scheduled uplink resources. 38. The wireless device of claim 25, wherein the at least a portion of the punctured signal is retransmitted using uplink resources indicated by a retransmission scheduling grant. 39. The radio access node of claim 27, wherein the method further comprises:
determining that the another radio node will likely retransmit at least a punctured portion of the punctured signal; and based on the determining, refraining from transmitting a NACK to the another radio node. | A radio node is configured for use in a wireless communication system. The radio node in this regard is configured to transmit a signal that is punctured by another signal to another radio node. The radio node is also configured to estimate a probability of decoding failure that characterizes a likelihood that the another radio will fail to decode the punctured signal. The radio node is further configured to retransmit at least a punctured portion of the punctured signal if the estimated probability is above a threshold.1. A method for a radio node to transmit punctured signals in a wireless communications system, the method comprising:
transmitting a signal that is punctured by another signal to another radio node; estimating a probability of decoding failure that characterizes a likelihood that the another radio will fail to decode the punctured signal; and if the estimated probability is above a threshold, retransmitting at least a punctured portion of the punctured signal. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least a portion of the punctured signal is retransmitted before a NACK is received for the punctured signal from the another radio node. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the punctured signal is an eMBB signal and the another signal is a URLLC signal. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the probability of decoding failure is estimated based on at least one of:
a fraction of punctured bits in the punctured signal, a code block length of the punctured signal, a code rate of the punctured signal, a modulation coding scheme used to the modulate and encode the punctured signal, and/or a SNR parameter measured on a channel between the radio node and the another radio node. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least a portion of the punctured signal is retransmitted using pre-scheduled uplink resources. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least a portion of the punctured signal is retransmitted using uplink resources indicated by a retransmission scheduling grant. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the uplink resources allow retransmission of only the punctured portion of the punctured signal. 8. A method for a radio node to receive punctured signals in a wireless communications system, the method comprising:
receiving a signal that is punctured by another signal from another radio node; detecting that the received signal is punctured; and ignoring soft information, generated by a decoding process, that corresponds to at least a punctured portion of the punctured signal. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
determining that the another radio node will likely retransmit at least a punctured portion of the punctured signal; and based on the determining, refraining from transmitting a NACK to the another radio node. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
detecting and decoding control signaling of the another signal, the control signaling indicating to the radio node information about which portion of the punctured signal is punctured, wherein ignoring the soft information generated by the decoding process that corresponds to the at least a punctured portion of the punctured signal includes using the information about which portion of the punctured signal is punctured to determine which soft information to ignore. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the control signaling is a downlink preemption indication included in a group common DCI. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein ignoring the soft information includes setting LLR values corresponding to the ignored soft information to zero. 13-21. (canceled) 22. The method of claim 1, wherein the radio node is a wireless device and the another radio node is a radio access node. 23. The method of claim 1, wherein the radio node is a radio access node and the another radio node is a wireless device. 24. (canceled) 25. A wireless device for a wireless communications system comprising:
at least one transceiver; at least one processor operably coupled to the at least one transceiver; and memory comprising instructions executable by the at least one processor whereby the wireless device is operable to perform a method comprising: transmitting a signal that is punctured by another signal to another radio node; estimating a probability of decoding failure that characterizes a likelihood that the another radio will fail to decode the punctured signal; and if the estimated probability is above a threshold, retransmitting at least a punctured portion of the punctured signal. 26. (canceled) 27. A radio access node for a wireless communications system comprising:
at least one radio unit comprising at least one transmitter and at least one receiver; at least one processor operably coupled to the at least one radio unit; and memory comprising instructions executable by the at least one processor whereby the radio access node is operable to perform a method comprising: receiving a signal that is punctured by another signal from another radio node: detecting that the received signal is punctured; and ignoring soft information, generated by a decoding process, that corresponds to at least a punctured portion of the punctured signal. 28-35. (canceled) 36. The wireless device of claim 25, wherein the probability of decoding failure is estimated based on at least one of:
a fraction of punctured bits in the punctured signal, a code block length of the punctured signal, a code rate of the punctured signal, a modulation coding scheme used to the modulate and encode the punctured signal, and/or a SNR parameter measured on a channel between the radio node and the another radio node. 37. The wireless device of claim 25, wherein the at least a portion of the punctured signal is retransmitted using pre-scheduled uplink resources. 38. The wireless device of claim 25, wherein the at least a portion of the punctured signal is retransmitted using uplink resources indicated by a retransmission scheduling grant. 39. The radio access node of claim 27, wherein the method further comprises:
determining that the another radio node will likely retransmit at least a punctured portion of the punctured signal; and based on the determining, refraining from transmitting a NACK to the another radio node. | 2,400 |
9,503 | 9,503 | 15,855,921 | 2,482 | The disclosure relates to an endoscopic system. The system may include a single optical fiber. The system may further include a light source which transmits light into the single optical fiber. An image sensor may be provided within the endoscopic system and disposed at a distal end of the single optical fiber. The endoscopic system may be additionally fitted with a diffuser on the distal end of the single optical fiber which outputs a light cone that is broader than an output of the single optical fiber without the diffuser. | 1. An endoscopic system, comprising:
a single optical fiber; a light source which transmits light into the single optical fiber; and an image sensor disposed at a distal end of the single optical fiber. 2. The endoscopic system of claim 1, further comprising a diffuser disposed at a distal end of the single optical fiber. 3. The endoscopic system of claim 2, wherein the diffuser provides a light cone having an angle of between 110 degrees and 120 degrees. 4. The endoscopic system of claim 1, wherein the single optical fiber provides a light cone of between 70 degrees and 80 degrees. 5. The endoscopic system claim 1, wherein the single optical fiber is a plastic optical fiber. 6. The endoscopic system of claim 1, wherein the single optical fiber has a numerical aperture of 0.63. 7. The endoscopic system of claim 1, wherein the single optical fiber has a numerical aperture of 0.65. 8. The endoscopic system of claim 1, wherein the single optical fiber has a diameter of between 475 and 525 microns. 9. The endoscopic system of claim 1, further comprising a light source controller. 10. The endoscopic system of claim 9, wherein the light source and the light source controller are located in a camera control unit. 11. The endoscopic system of claim 10, wherein the single optical fiber is attached to a plurality of optical fibers between the distal end of the single optical fiber and an endoscope. 12. The endoscopic system of claim 11, wherein the plurality of optical fibers is attached to the camera control unit through the endoscope. 13. The endoscopic system of claim 1, wherein light or other electromagnetic energy is transmitted through the single optical fiber to illuminate a scene at a distal end of the single optical fiber. 14. The endoscopic system of claim 10, wherein the single optical fiber is attached to an endoscope. 15. An endoscope, comprising:
a single optical fiber; an image sensor disposed at a distal end of the single optical fiber; and a diffuser disposed at a distal end of the single optical fiber. 16. The endoscope of claim 15, wherein the diffuser provides a light cone of between 110 and 120 degrees at the distal end of the single optical fiber. 17. The endoscope of claim 15, further comprising a light source and a light source controller. 18. The endoscope of claim 15, wherein the light source and the light source controller are located in a camera control unit. 19. The endoscope of claim 18, wherein the single optical fiber is attached to a plurality of optical fibers between the distal end of the single optical fiber and the light source. 20. The endoscope of claim 15, wherein light or other electromagnetic energy is transmitted through the single optical fiber to illuminate a scene at a distal end of the single optical fiber. | The disclosure relates to an endoscopic system. The system may include a single optical fiber. The system may further include a light source which transmits light into the single optical fiber. An image sensor may be provided within the endoscopic system and disposed at a distal end of the single optical fiber. The endoscopic system may be additionally fitted with a diffuser on the distal end of the single optical fiber which outputs a light cone that is broader than an output of the single optical fiber without the diffuser.1. An endoscopic system, comprising:
a single optical fiber; a light source which transmits light into the single optical fiber; and an image sensor disposed at a distal end of the single optical fiber. 2. The endoscopic system of claim 1, further comprising a diffuser disposed at a distal end of the single optical fiber. 3. The endoscopic system of claim 2, wherein the diffuser provides a light cone having an angle of between 110 degrees and 120 degrees. 4. The endoscopic system of claim 1, wherein the single optical fiber provides a light cone of between 70 degrees and 80 degrees. 5. The endoscopic system claim 1, wherein the single optical fiber is a plastic optical fiber. 6. The endoscopic system of claim 1, wherein the single optical fiber has a numerical aperture of 0.63. 7. The endoscopic system of claim 1, wherein the single optical fiber has a numerical aperture of 0.65. 8. The endoscopic system of claim 1, wherein the single optical fiber has a diameter of between 475 and 525 microns. 9. The endoscopic system of claim 1, further comprising a light source controller. 10. The endoscopic system of claim 9, wherein the light source and the light source controller are located in a camera control unit. 11. The endoscopic system of claim 10, wherein the single optical fiber is attached to a plurality of optical fibers between the distal end of the single optical fiber and an endoscope. 12. The endoscopic system of claim 11, wherein the plurality of optical fibers is attached to the camera control unit through the endoscope. 13. The endoscopic system of claim 1, wherein light or other electromagnetic energy is transmitted through the single optical fiber to illuminate a scene at a distal end of the single optical fiber. 14. The endoscopic system of claim 10, wherein the single optical fiber is attached to an endoscope. 15. An endoscope, comprising:
a single optical fiber; an image sensor disposed at a distal end of the single optical fiber; and a diffuser disposed at a distal end of the single optical fiber. 16. The endoscope of claim 15, wherein the diffuser provides a light cone of between 110 and 120 degrees at the distal end of the single optical fiber. 17. The endoscope of claim 15, further comprising a light source and a light source controller. 18. The endoscope of claim 15, wherein the light source and the light source controller are located in a camera control unit. 19. The endoscope of claim 18, wherein the single optical fiber is attached to a plurality of optical fibers between the distal end of the single optical fiber and the light source. 20. The endoscope of claim 15, wherein light or other electromagnetic energy is transmitted through the single optical fiber to illuminate a scene at a distal end of the single optical fiber. | 2,400 |
9,504 | 9,504 | 15,695,766 | 2,472 | A novel fog relay, for example based on a WiFi AP, can overcome latency and bandwidth bottleneck problems with multiple techniques including caching; multicasting; leveraging many-to-one channel combinations that permit a LAN data rate to be greater than an achievable single channel WAN data rate; prefetching a large data file from which smaller portions are sent, as needed, to user devices; prefetching predicted data; and performing local image warping to approximate a changed 3D scene perspective view to possibly eliminate the need to request a new image from a remote server. | 1. A fog relay comprising:
a processor; a memory, the memory comprising non-transitory computer-readable media, the memory coupled to the processor; a wide area network (WAN) interface coupled to the processor; a local area network (LAN) interface coupled to the processor; a cache management logic module residing in the memory, the cache management module executable by the processor and configured to the store video data received through the WAN in the memory; and a first video processing logic module coupled to the processor, the first video processing logic module configured to alter the stored date prior to the fog relay passing the video data out through the LAN. 2. The fog relay of claim 1 wherein the fog relay comprises a wireless access point (AP). 3. The fog relay of claim 2 wherein the AP comprises a WiFi AP. 4. The fog relay of claim 1 wherein the WAN interface comprises a cellular interface. 5. The fog relay of claim 1 wherein the data comprises three-dimensional (3D) video data. 6. The fog relay of claim 1 wherein the first video processing logic module resides in the memory and is executable by the processor. 7. The fog relay of claim 1 further comprising:
a second video processing logic module coupled to the processor. 8. The fog relay of claim 7 wherein the second video processing logic module comprises a graphics processing unit (GPU). 9. The fog relay of claim 1 further comprising:
a many-to-one logic module residing in the memory, the many-to-one logic module configured to combine a plurality of data streams incoming through the WAN interface to a single data stream output through the LAN interface. 10. The fog relay of claim 1 further comprising:
a prefetch logic module residing in the memory, the prefetch logic module configured to prefetch data through the WAN interface prior to receiving a request for that data through the LAN interface. 11. The fog relay of claim 1 further comprising:
a multicast logic module residing in the memory, the multicast module configured to send a single data stream incoming through the WAN interface to a plurality of data streams output through the LAN interface. 12. The fog relay of claim 1 further comprising:
a digital rights management (DRM) logic module residing in the memory, the DRM logic module configured to obtain permissions for at least one selected from the list consisting of:
caching and multicasting. 13. A computer-implemented method of operating a fog network, the method executable by a processor, the method comprising:
receiving data over a wide area network (WAN) interface of a fog relay; caching the received data in a memory local to the fog relay; processing the data with processing logic module within the fog relay, the processing producing altered data; and transmitting the altered data through a local area network (LAN) interface of the fog relay. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein receiving data over a WAN interface comprises receiving data over a cellular interface. 15. The method of claim 13 wherein receiving data comprises receiving three-dimensional (3D) video data. 16. The method of claim 13 wherein processing the data with processing logic module comprises processing the data with a graphics processing unit (GPU). 17. The method of claim 13 wherein receiving data over a WAN interface comprises receiving data over a plurality of parallel WAN data streams, and wherein the method further comprises:
combining the plurality of parallel WAN channels into a single LAN data stream. 18. The method of claim 13 further comprising:
prefetching data over the WAN interface prior to receiving a request for that data through the LAN interface. 19. The fog relay of claim 1 further comprising:
multicasting a single data stream incoming through the WAN interface to a plurality of data streams output through the LAN interface. 20. The fog relay of claim 1 further comprising:
negotiating digital rights management (DRM) permissions for at least one selected from the list consisting of:
caching and multicasting. | A novel fog relay, for example based on a WiFi AP, can overcome latency and bandwidth bottleneck problems with multiple techniques including caching; multicasting; leveraging many-to-one channel combinations that permit a LAN data rate to be greater than an achievable single channel WAN data rate; prefetching a large data file from which smaller portions are sent, as needed, to user devices; prefetching predicted data; and performing local image warping to approximate a changed 3D scene perspective view to possibly eliminate the need to request a new image from a remote server.1. A fog relay comprising:
a processor; a memory, the memory comprising non-transitory computer-readable media, the memory coupled to the processor; a wide area network (WAN) interface coupled to the processor; a local area network (LAN) interface coupled to the processor; a cache management logic module residing in the memory, the cache management module executable by the processor and configured to the store video data received through the WAN in the memory; and a first video processing logic module coupled to the processor, the first video processing logic module configured to alter the stored date prior to the fog relay passing the video data out through the LAN. 2. The fog relay of claim 1 wherein the fog relay comprises a wireless access point (AP). 3. The fog relay of claim 2 wherein the AP comprises a WiFi AP. 4. The fog relay of claim 1 wherein the WAN interface comprises a cellular interface. 5. The fog relay of claim 1 wherein the data comprises three-dimensional (3D) video data. 6. The fog relay of claim 1 wherein the first video processing logic module resides in the memory and is executable by the processor. 7. The fog relay of claim 1 further comprising:
a second video processing logic module coupled to the processor. 8. The fog relay of claim 7 wherein the second video processing logic module comprises a graphics processing unit (GPU). 9. The fog relay of claim 1 further comprising:
a many-to-one logic module residing in the memory, the many-to-one logic module configured to combine a plurality of data streams incoming through the WAN interface to a single data stream output through the LAN interface. 10. The fog relay of claim 1 further comprising:
a prefetch logic module residing in the memory, the prefetch logic module configured to prefetch data through the WAN interface prior to receiving a request for that data through the LAN interface. 11. The fog relay of claim 1 further comprising:
a multicast logic module residing in the memory, the multicast module configured to send a single data stream incoming through the WAN interface to a plurality of data streams output through the LAN interface. 12. The fog relay of claim 1 further comprising:
a digital rights management (DRM) logic module residing in the memory, the DRM logic module configured to obtain permissions for at least one selected from the list consisting of:
caching and multicasting. 13. A computer-implemented method of operating a fog network, the method executable by a processor, the method comprising:
receiving data over a wide area network (WAN) interface of a fog relay; caching the received data in a memory local to the fog relay; processing the data with processing logic module within the fog relay, the processing producing altered data; and transmitting the altered data through a local area network (LAN) interface of the fog relay. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein receiving data over a WAN interface comprises receiving data over a cellular interface. 15. The method of claim 13 wherein receiving data comprises receiving three-dimensional (3D) video data. 16. The method of claim 13 wherein processing the data with processing logic module comprises processing the data with a graphics processing unit (GPU). 17. The method of claim 13 wherein receiving data over a WAN interface comprises receiving data over a plurality of parallel WAN data streams, and wherein the method further comprises:
combining the plurality of parallel WAN channels into a single LAN data stream. 18. The method of claim 13 further comprising:
prefetching data over the WAN interface prior to receiving a request for that data through the LAN interface. 19. The fog relay of claim 1 further comprising:
multicasting a single data stream incoming through the WAN interface to a plurality of data streams output through the LAN interface. 20. The fog relay of claim 1 further comprising:
negotiating digital rights management (DRM) permissions for at least one selected from the list consisting of:
caching and multicasting. | 2,400 |
9,505 | 9,505 | 16,657,909 | 2,424 | Propagating a downstream (DS) Out-of-Band (OOB) signal at a frequency receivable by a set of legacy set-top boxes (STBs) while supporting enhanced upstream peak data rates. At an input of an amplifier of a physical device, a portion of the DS-OOB signal is tapped to create a tapped DS-OOB signal, which comprises both the DS-OOB signal and all other downstream signals and channels sent from a head-end to a set of customer premises equipment (CPE) via the physical device. The tapped DS-OOB signal is introduced to a band-pass filter that passes the DS-OOB signal and attenuates all other radio frequency (RF) signals to create a filtered DS-OOB signal. The filtered DS-OOB signal is amplified and coupled to a low-pass side of a high-split diplex filter to propagate onto a transmission medium coupled to the CPE. The physical device may be a high-split RF amplifier or a high-split node. | 1. A high-split node for propagating of a downstream Out-Of-Band (DS-OOB) signal, comprising:
first circuitry for, at an input of an amplifier of the high-split node, tapping a portion of the DS-OOB signal to create a tapped DS-OOB signal, wherein the tapped DS-OOB signal comprises both (a) the DS-OOB signal and (b) all other downstream signals and channels sent from a head-end to a set of customer premises equipment (CPE) via the high-split node; second circuitry for introducing the tapped DS-OOB signal to a band-pass filter that passes the DS-OOB signal and attenuates other radio frequency (RF) signals, including said all other downstream signals and channels, to create a filtered DS-OOB signal; third circuitry for amplifying the filtered DS-OOB signal to create an amplified DS-OOB signal; and fourth circuitry for coupling the amplified DS-OOB signal to a low-pass side of a diplex filter to propagate onto a transmission medium coupled to said set of customer premises equipment (CPE), wherein the amplified DS-OOB signal is propagated through the diplex filter in an opposite direction as an upstream signal propagated therethrough, and wherein said upstream signal is sent from one of said set of customer premises equipment (CPE) to said head-end. 2. The high-split node of claim 1, wherein said high-split node processes a downstream signal that is limited to a frequency range placed in an upstream range of a diplex filter. 3. The high-split node of claim 1, wherein said high-split node is a high-split optical node or a high-split Remote-PHY node. 4. The high-split node of claim 1, further comprising:
a notch filter or a band reject filter for attenuating a portion of the DS-OOB signal that leaks into a signal path into an upstream receiver. 5. The high-split node of claim 1, further comprising:
fifth circuitry for splitting the DS-OOB signal into multiple instances, wherein each separate instance of the DS-OOB signal is separately coupled to low-pass ports of high-split diplex filters handing each port of the high-split node. 6. A high-split RF amplifier for propagating of a downstream Out-Of-Band (DS-OOB) signal, comprising:
first circuitry for, at a downstream input port of the high-split RF amplifier, coupling the DS-OOB a high-split diplex filter that passes the DS-OOB signal; second circuitry for tapping a portion of the DS-OOB signal passed by the high-split diplex filter to create a tapped DS-OOB signal, wherein the tapped DS-OOB signal comprises both (a) the DS-OOB signal and (b) all other downstream signals and channels sent from a head-end to a set of customer premises equipment (CPE) via the high-split RF amplifier; third circuitry for introducing the tapped DS-OOB signal to a band-pass filter that passes the DS-OOB signal and attenuates all other radio frequency (RF) signals, including said all other downstream signals and channels, to create a filtered DS-OOB signal; fourth circuitry for amplifying the filtered DS-OOB signal to create an amplified DS-OOB signal; and fifth circuitry for coupling the amplified DS-OOB signal to a low-pass side of a diplex filter to propagate onto a transmission medium coupled to set of customer premises equipment (CPE), wherein said downstream input port of the high-split RF amplifier is the upstream output port, and wherein said upstream input port of the high-split RF amplifier is the downstream output port. 7. The high-split RF amplifier of claim 6, wherein said high-split RF amplifier processes a downstream signal that is limited to a frequency range placed in an upstream range of a diplex filter. 8. The high-split RF amplifier of claim 6, wherein said high-split node is a high-split optical node or a high-split Remote-PHY node. 9. The high-split RF amplifier of claim 6, further comprising:
a notch filter or a band reject filter for attenuating a portion of the DS-OOB signal that leaks into a signal path designed to process and amplify the upstream signal. 10. The high-split RF amplifier of claim 6, further comprising:
fifth circuitry for splitting the DS-OOB signal into multiple instances, wherein each separate instance of the DS-OOB signal is separately coupled to low-pass ports of high-split diplex filters handing each port of the high-split amplifier. 11. A method for propagating of a downstream Out-Of-Band (DS-OOB) signal, comprising:
at an input of an amplifier of the high-split node, tapping a portion of the DS-OOB signal to create a tapped DS-OOB signal, wherein the tapped DS-OOB signal comprises both (a) the DS-OOB signal and (b) all other downstream signals and channels sent from a head-end to a set of customer premises equipment (CPE) via the high-split node; introducing the tapped DS-OOB signal to a band-pass filter that passes the DS-OOB signal and attenuates other radio frequency (RF) signals, including said all other downstream signals and channels, to create a filtered DS-OOB signal; amplifying the filtered DS-OOB signal to create an amplified DS-OOB signal; and coupling the amplified DS-OOB signal to a low-pass side of a diplex filter to propagate onto a transmission medium coupled to said set of customer premises equipment (CPE), wherein the amplified DS-OOB signal is propagated through the diplex filter in an opposite direction as an upstream signal propagated therethrough, and wherein said upstream signal is sent from one of said set of customer premises equipment (CPE) to said head-end. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein said high-split node processes a downstream signal that is limited to a frequency range placed in an upstream range of a diplex filter. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein said high-split node is a high-split optical node or a high-split Remote-PHY node. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
attenuating a portion of the DS-OOB signal that leaks into a signal path into an upstream receiver using a notch filter or a band reject filter. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
splitting the DS-OOB signal into multiple instances, wherein each separate instance of the DS-OOB signal is separately coupled to low-pass ports of high-split diplex filters handing each port of the high-split node. | Propagating a downstream (DS) Out-of-Band (OOB) signal at a frequency receivable by a set of legacy set-top boxes (STBs) while supporting enhanced upstream peak data rates. At an input of an amplifier of a physical device, a portion of the DS-OOB signal is tapped to create a tapped DS-OOB signal, which comprises both the DS-OOB signal and all other downstream signals and channels sent from a head-end to a set of customer premises equipment (CPE) via the physical device. The tapped DS-OOB signal is introduced to a band-pass filter that passes the DS-OOB signal and attenuates all other radio frequency (RF) signals to create a filtered DS-OOB signal. The filtered DS-OOB signal is amplified and coupled to a low-pass side of a high-split diplex filter to propagate onto a transmission medium coupled to the CPE. The physical device may be a high-split RF amplifier or a high-split node.1. A high-split node for propagating of a downstream Out-Of-Band (DS-OOB) signal, comprising:
first circuitry for, at an input of an amplifier of the high-split node, tapping a portion of the DS-OOB signal to create a tapped DS-OOB signal, wherein the tapped DS-OOB signal comprises both (a) the DS-OOB signal and (b) all other downstream signals and channels sent from a head-end to a set of customer premises equipment (CPE) via the high-split node; second circuitry for introducing the tapped DS-OOB signal to a band-pass filter that passes the DS-OOB signal and attenuates other radio frequency (RF) signals, including said all other downstream signals and channels, to create a filtered DS-OOB signal; third circuitry for amplifying the filtered DS-OOB signal to create an amplified DS-OOB signal; and fourth circuitry for coupling the amplified DS-OOB signal to a low-pass side of a diplex filter to propagate onto a transmission medium coupled to said set of customer premises equipment (CPE), wherein the amplified DS-OOB signal is propagated through the diplex filter in an opposite direction as an upstream signal propagated therethrough, and wherein said upstream signal is sent from one of said set of customer premises equipment (CPE) to said head-end. 2. The high-split node of claim 1, wherein said high-split node processes a downstream signal that is limited to a frequency range placed in an upstream range of a diplex filter. 3. The high-split node of claim 1, wherein said high-split node is a high-split optical node or a high-split Remote-PHY node. 4. The high-split node of claim 1, further comprising:
a notch filter or a band reject filter for attenuating a portion of the DS-OOB signal that leaks into a signal path into an upstream receiver. 5. The high-split node of claim 1, further comprising:
fifth circuitry for splitting the DS-OOB signal into multiple instances, wherein each separate instance of the DS-OOB signal is separately coupled to low-pass ports of high-split diplex filters handing each port of the high-split node. 6. A high-split RF amplifier for propagating of a downstream Out-Of-Band (DS-OOB) signal, comprising:
first circuitry for, at a downstream input port of the high-split RF amplifier, coupling the DS-OOB a high-split diplex filter that passes the DS-OOB signal; second circuitry for tapping a portion of the DS-OOB signal passed by the high-split diplex filter to create a tapped DS-OOB signal, wherein the tapped DS-OOB signal comprises both (a) the DS-OOB signal and (b) all other downstream signals and channels sent from a head-end to a set of customer premises equipment (CPE) via the high-split RF amplifier; third circuitry for introducing the tapped DS-OOB signal to a band-pass filter that passes the DS-OOB signal and attenuates all other radio frequency (RF) signals, including said all other downstream signals and channels, to create a filtered DS-OOB signal; fourth circuitry for amplifying the filtered DS-OOB signal to create an amplified DS-OOB signal; and fifth circuitry for coupling the amplified DS-OOB signal to a low-pass side of a diplex filter to propagate onto a transmission medium coupled to set of customer premises equipment (CPE), wherein said downstream input port of the high-split RF amplifier is the upstream output port, and wherein said upstream input port of the high-split RF amplifier is the downstream output port. 7. The high-split RF amplifier of claim 6, wherein said high-split RF amplifier processes a downstream signal that is limited to a frequency range placed in an upstream range of a diplex filter. 8. The high-split RF amplifier of claim 6, wherein said high-split node is a high-split optical node or a high-split Remote-PHY node. 9. The high-split RF amplifier of claim 6, further comprising:
a notch filter or a band reject filter for attenuating a portion of the DS-OOB signal that leaks into a signal path designed to process and amplify the upstream signal. 10. The high-split RF amplifier of claim 6, further comprising:
fifth circuitry for splitting the DS-OOB signal into multiple instances, wherein each separate instance of the DS-OOB signal is separately coupled to low-pass ports of high-split diplex filters handing each port of the high-split amplifier. 11. A method for propagating of a downstream Out-Of-Band (DS-OOB) signal, comprising:
at an input of an amplifier of the high-split node, tapping a portion of the DS-OOB signal to create a tapped DS-OOB signal, wherein the tapped DS-OOB signal comprises both (a) the DS-OOB signal and (b) all other downstream signals and channels sent from a head-end to a set of customer premises equipment (CPE) via the high-split node; introducing the tapped DS-OOB signal to a band-pass filter that passes the DS-OOB signal and attenuates other radio frequency (RF) signals, including said all other downstream signals and channels, to create a filtered DS-OOB signal; amplifying the filtered DS-OOB signal to create an amplified DS-OOB signal; and coupling the amplified DS-OOB signal to a low-pass side of a diplex filter to propagate onto a transmission medium coupled to said set of customer premises equipment (CPE), wherein the amplified DS-OOB signal is propagated through the diplex filter in an opposite direction as an upstream signal propagated therethrough, and wherein said upstream signal is sent from one of said set of customer premises equipment (CPE) to said head-end. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein said high-split node processes a downstream signal that is limited to a frequency range placed in an upstream range of a diplex filter. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein said high-split node is a high-split optical node or a high-split Remote-PHY node. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
attenuating a portion of the DS-OOB signal that leaks into a signal path into an upstream receiver using a notch filter or a band reject filter. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
splitting the DS-OOB signal into multiple instances, wherein each separate instance of the DS-OOB signal is separately coupled to low-pass ports of high-split diplex filters handing each port of the high-split node. | 2,400 |
9,506 | 9,506 | 14,513,776 | 2,446 | Disclosed are methods and systems for providing content. An example method can comprise receiving a first multicast content transmission at a first bit rate and recording at least a portion of a content item from the first multicast content transmission. An example method can comprise receiving a first request for the content item and requesting at least one differential content transmission configured to be combined with the recording of the portion of the content item to form a copy of the content item at a second bit rate. | 1. A method, comprising:
receiving a first multicast content transmission at a first bit rate; recording at least a portion of a content item from the first multicast content transmission; receiving a first request for the content item; and requesting at least one differential content transmission configured to be combined with the recording of the at least a portion of the content item to form a copy of the content item at a second bit rate. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first multicast content transmission is provided in response to a second request from a first user at a first device, and wherein the first request for the content item is from a second user at a second device, and wherein the first device is in the same multicast domain as the second device. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining a probability that a user will request the content item, wherein recording at least the portion of the content item from the first multicast content transmission is performed in response to the probability being above a threshold. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first request for the content item is received after the recording of at least the portion of the content item. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein requesting the at least one differential content transmission comprises requesting a first differential content transmission, and wherein a second differential content transmission is received instead of the first differential content transmission. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the second differential content transmission is received based on a characteristic associated with a device requesting the first differential content transmission, and wherein the second differential content transmission is selected for and provided to the device. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the characteristic comprises at least one of a screen size, a bandwidth, a screen resolution, a location, and a client account feature. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the characteristic is based on a measurement of a buffer of at least one device accessing the first multicast content transmission. 9. A method, comprising:
selecting a device from a plurality of devices accessing a first multicast content transmission; selecting a second multicast content transmission based on a characteristic associated with the selected device; and providing the second multicast content transmission to selected device instead of the first multicast content transmission. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising receiving a request from the device for the first multicast content transmission, wherein the second multicast content transmission is provided in response to the request. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the second multicast content transmission is identified as the first multicast content transmission when the second multicast content transmission is provided to the selected device. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the characteristic comprises at least one of a screen size, a bandwidth, a screen resolution, a location, and a client account feature. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the device is selected in response to a number of users accessing the first multicast content transmission reaching a threshold value. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein the characteristic comprises a measurement of a buffer of the device. 15. A method, comprising:
providing at least one of a first multicast content transmission and a second multicast content transmission to a plurality of devices; determining a number of the plurality of devices accessing the first multicast content transmission; comparing the number to a threshold; and ending transmission of the first multicast content transmission based on a comparison of the number to the threshold. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising providing an instruction related to the first multicast content transmission to a device of the plurality of devices. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the instruction comprises an instruction that the first multicast content transmission will cease transmission according to specified timing information. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the instruction comprises an instruction to access the second multicast content transmission instead of the first multicast content transmission. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the second multicast content transmission is selected for the device based on a characteristic associated with the device, wherein the characteristic comprises at least one of a screen size, a bandwidth, a screen resolution, a location, and a client account feature. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the instruction is provided in response to the number of the plurality of devices accessing the first multicast content transmission being below the threshold. | Disclosed are methods and systems for providing content. An example method can comprise receiving a first multicast content transmission at a first bit rate and recording at least a portion of a content item from the first multicast content transmission. An example method can comprise receiving a first request for the content item and requesting at least one differential content transmission configured to be combined with the recording of the portion of the content item to form a copy of the content item at a second bit rate.1. A method, comprising:
receiving a first multicast content transmission at a first bit rate; recording at least a portion of a content item from the first multicast content transmission; receiving a first request for the content item; and requesting at least one differential content transmission configured to be combined with the recording of the at least a portion of the content item to form a copy of the content item at a second bit rate. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first multicast content transmission is provided in response to a second request from a first user at a first device, and wherein the first request for the content item is from a second user at a second device, and wherein the first device is in the same multicast domain as the second device. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining a probability that a user will request the content item, wherein recording at least the portion of the content item from the first multicast content transmission is performed in response to the probability being above a threshold. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first request for the content item is received after the recording of at least the portion of the content item. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein requesting the at least one differential content transmission comprises requesting a first differential content transmission, and wherein a second differential content transmission is received instead of the first differential content transmission. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the second differential content transmission is received based on a characteristic associated with a device requesting the first differential content transmission, and wherein the second differential content transmission is selected for and provided to the device. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the characteristic comprises at least one of a screen size, a bandwidth, a screen resolution, a location, and a client account feature. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the characteristic is based on a measurement of a buffer of at least one device accessing the first multicast content transmission. 9. A method, comprising:
selecting a device from a plurality of devices accessing a first multicast content transmission; selecting a second multicast content transmission based on a characteristic associated with the selected device; and providing the second multicast content transmission to selected device instead of the first multicast content transmission. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising receiving a request from the device for the first multicast content transmission, wherein the second multicast content transmission is provided in response to the request. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the second multicast content transmission is identified as the first multicast content transmission when the second multicast content transmission is provided to the selected device. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the characteristic comprises at least one of a screen size, a bandwidth, a screen resolution, a location, and a client account feature. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the device is selected in response to a number of users accessing the first multicast content transmission reaching a threshold value. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein the characteristic comprises a measurement of a buffer of the device. 15. A method, comprising:
providing at least one of a first multicast content transmission and a second multicast content transmission to a plurality of devices; determining a number of the plurality of devices accessing the first multicast content transmission; comparing the number to a threshold; and ending transmission of the first multicast content transmission based on a comparison of the number to the threshold. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising providing an instruction related to the first multicast content transmission to a device of the plurality of devices. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the instruction comprises an instruction that the first multicast content transmission will cease transmission according to specified timing information. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the instruction comprises an instruction to access the second multicast content transmission instead of the first multicast content transmission. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the second multicast content transmission is selected for the device based on a characteristic associated with the device, wherein the characteristic comprises at least one of a screen size, a bandwidth, a screen resolution, a location, and a client account feature. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the instruction is provided in response to the number of the plurality of devices accessing the first multicast content transmission being below the threshold. | 2,400 |
9,507 | 9,507 | 16,339,115 | 2,413 | A base station transmits a signal transmission to a mobile broadband (MBB) user equipment (UE) device and to a machine type communication (MTC) device that is in close proximity to the MBB UE device where the signal transmission includes control channel and a data channel. The control channel includes common location dependent control information that applies to the MTC device and the MBB UE device because they are at the same location. | 1. A method comprising:
transmitting a transmission signal to a user equipment (UE) device and a machine type communication (MTC) device, the transmitting of the transmission signal comprising:
transmitting a plurality of data time-frequency resources over a physical downlink data channel, the plurality of time-frequency resources comprising UE data time-frequency resources conveying UE data for the UE device and MTC data time-frequency resources conveying MTC data for the MTC device; and
transmitting a plurality of control time-frequency resources over a physical downlink control channel the plurality of control time-frequency resources comprising common location dependent control information applying to reception of the UE data by the UE device and the MTC data by the MTC device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the UE data time-frequency resources conveying the UE data are a portion of available UE data time-frequency resources available for conveying UE data and wherein the MTC data time-frequency resources conveying MTC data are unused UE data time-frequency resources of the available UE data time-frequency resources. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the physical downlink control channel comprises:
UE control information applying to recovery of the UE data and identifying the UE data time-frequency resources; and MTC control information applying to recovery of the MTC data and identifying the MTC data time-frequency resources. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the physical downlink control channel is a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) in accordance with at least one revision of The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) specification. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the physical downlink data channel is Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) in accordance with at least one revision of The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) specification. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the physical downlink control channel is an Enhanced Physical Downlink Control Channel (EPDCCH) in accordance with the at least one revision of 3GPP LTE specification. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the MTC data time-frequency resources are arranged near in frequency to EPDCCH subcarriers for the EPDCCH. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the MTC data time-frequency resources are arranged adjacent in frequency to the EPDCCH subcarriers. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the MTC data layer control information comprises a MTC data present indicator indicating that the MTC data is present in the signal transmission; and the MTC data is within a predetermined format known to the MTC device, the predetermined format comprising:
a modulation coding scheme (MCS);
a size of the MTC data; and
a time-frequency resources of the MTC data. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the predetermined format further comprises common spatial resources of the UE data and the MTC data. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the common location dependent control information comprises multiple input multiple output (MIMO) parameters. 12. A base station comprising:
a transmitter configured to transmit, a transmission signal to a user equipment (UE) device and to a machine type communication (MTC) device, the transmission signal comprising:
a physical downlink data channel comprising a plurality of time-frequency resources comprising UE data time-frequency resources conveying UE data for the UE device and MTC data time-frequency resources conveying MTC data for the MTC device; and
a physical downlink control channel comprising common location dependent control information applying to reception of the UE data by the UE device and the MTC data by the MTC device. 13. The base station of claim 12, wherein the UE data time-frequency resources conveying the UE data are a portion of available UE data time-frequency resources available for conveying UE data and wherein the MTC data time-frequency resources conveying MTC data are unused UE data time-frequency resources of the available UE data time-frequency resources. 14. The base station of claim 12, wherein the physical downlink control channel comprises:
UE control information applying to recovery of the UE data and identifying the UE data time-frequency resources; and MTC control information applying to recovery of the MTC data and identifying the MTC data time-frequency resources. 15. The base station of claim 14, wherein:
the physical downlink data channel is Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) in accordance with at least one revision of The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) specification; the physical downlink control channel is an Enhanced Physical Downlink Control Channel (EPDCCH) in accordance with the at least one revision of 3GPP LTE specification; and the MTC data time-frequency resources are arranged near in frequency to EPDCCH subcarriers for the EPDCCH. 16. The base station of claim 15, wherein the MTC data time-frequency resources are arranged adjacent in frequency to the EPDCCH subcarriers. | A base station transmits a signal transmission to a mobile broadband (MBB) user equipment (UE) device and to a machine type communication (MTC) device that is in close proximity to the MBB UE device where the signal transmission includes control channel and a data channel. The control channel includes common location dependent control information that applies to the MTC device and the MBB UE device because they are at the same location.1. A method comprising:
transmitting a transmission signal to a user equipment (UE) device and a machine type communication (MTC) device, the transmitting of the transmission signal comprising:
transmitting a plurality of data time-frequency resources over a physical downlink data channel, the plurality of time-frequency resources comprising UE data time-frequency resources conveying UE data for the UE device and MTC data time-frequency resources conveying MTC data for the MTC device; and
transmitting a plurality of control time-frequency resources over a physical downlink control channel the plurality of control time-frequency resources comprising common location dependent control information applying to reception of the UE data by the UE device and the MTC data by the MTC device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the UE data time-frequency resources conveying the UE data are a portion of available UE data time-frequency resources available for conveying UE data and wherein the MTC data time-frequency resources conveying MTC data are unused UE data time-frequency resources of the available UE data time-frequency resources. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the physical downlink control channel comprises:
UE control information applying to recovery of the UE data and identifying the UE data time-frequency resources; and MTC control information applying to recovery of the MTC data and identifying the MTC data time-frequency resources. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the physical downlink control channel is a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) in accordance with at least one revision of The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) specification. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the physical downlink data channel is Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) in accordance with at least one revision of The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) specification. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the physical downlink control channel is an Enhanced Physical Downlink Control Channel (EPDCCH) in accordance with the at least one revision of 3GPP LTE specification. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the MTC data time-frequency resources are arranged near in frequency to EPDCCH subcarriers for the EPDCCH. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the MTC data time-frequency resources are arranged adjacent in frequency to the EPDCCH subcarriers. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the MTC data layer control information comprises a MTC data present indicator indicating that the MTC data is present in the signal transmission; and the MTC data is within a predetermined format known to the MTC device, the predetermined format comprising:
a modulation coding scheme (MCS);
a size of the MTC data; and
a time-frequency resources of the MTC data. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the predetermined format further comprises common spatial resources of the UE data and the MTC data. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the common location dependent control information comprises multiple input multiple output (MIMO) parameters. 12. A base station comprising:
a transmitter configured to transmit, a transmission signal to a user equipment (UE) device and to a machine type communication (MTC) device, the transmission signal comprising:
a physical downlink data channel comprising a plurality of time-frequency resources comprising UE data time-frequency resources conveying UE data for the UE device and MTC data time-frequency resources conveying MTC data for the MTC device; and
a physical downlink control channel comprising common location dependent control information applying to reception of the UE data by the UE device and the MTC data by the MTC device. 13. The base station of claim 12, wherein the UE data time-frequency resources conveying the UE data are a portion of available UE data time-frequency resources available for conveying UE data and wherein the MTC data time-frequency resources conveying MTC data are unused UE data time-frequency resources of the available UE data time-frequency resources. 14. The base station of claim 12, wherein the physical downlink control channel comprises:
UE control information applying to recovery of the UE data and identifying the UE data time-frequency resources; and MTC control information applying to recovery of the MTC data and identifying the MTC data time-frequency resources. 15. The base station of claim 14, wherein:
the physical downlink data channel is Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) in accordance with at least one revision of The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) specification; the physical downlink control channel is an Enhanced Physical Downlink Control Channel (EPDCCH) in accordance with the at least one revision of 3GPP LTE specification; and the MTC data time-frequency resources are arranged near in frequency to EPDCCH subcarriers for the EPDCCH. 16. The base station of claim 15, wherein the MTC data time-frequency resources are arranged adjacent in frequency to the EPDCCH subcarriers. | 2,400 |
9,508 | 9,508 | 12,799,151 | 2,424 | There is provided a system and method for providing television application channel sync (TACS). There is provided a method comprising determining a channel presently tuned from a plurality of tunable channels, applying a plurality of business rules to the channel to present, on a display, a list of selectable television applications from a plurality of television applications requiring access to a network, associating the channel to a selection of television applications from the list, and rendering the selection of television applications concurrently with the channel on the display while the channel is presently tuned. The business rules may be flexibly configured to prevent television applications from displaying unsuitable, unrelated or irrelevant content with channel video content, thus providing a unified and coherent presentation for viewers while preserving the intended messages of primary programming content providers and advertising partners. | 1. A method of providing television application channel sync, the method comprising:
determining a channel presently tuned from a plurality of tunable channels; applying a plurality of business rules to the channel to present, on a display, a list of selectable television applications from a plurality of television applications requiring access to a network; associating the channel to a selection of television applications from the list; and rendering the selection of television applications concurrently with the channel on the display while the channel is presently tuned. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of business rules include access permissions specifying whether each of the plurality of television applications is allowed or denied for each of the plurality of tunable channels. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of business rules include access permissions for each of the plurality of television applications in relation to defined time periods. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of business rules include access permissions for each of the plurality of television applications in relation to specific programs. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of business rules include access permissions based on contractual agreements between content owners of the plurality of tunable channels and application developers of the plurality of television applications. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the network comprises the Internet. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein presenting the list of selectable television applications shows non-selectable television applications as grayed out on the display. 8. The method of claim 1 further comprising, prior to the associating of the selection of television applications to the channel, receiving the selection of television applications from an input device. 9. The method of claim 1 further comprising, after the associating of the selection of television applications to the channel, storing the associating as data in a non-volatile memory. 10. The method of claim 1 further comprising, prior to applying the plurality of business rules, retrieving the plurality of business rules and the plurality of television applications from an application servicing host over the network. 11. A media streaming device providing television application channel sync, the device comprising:
a processor configured to:
determine a channel presently tuned from a plurality of tunable channels;
apply a plurality of business rules to the channel to present, on a display, a list of selectable television applications from a plurality of television applications requiring access to a network;
associate the channel to a selection of television applications from the list; and
render the selection of television applications concurrently with the channel on the display while the channel is presently tuned. 12. The device of claim 11, wherein the plurality of business rules include access permissions specifying whether each of the plurality of television applications is allowed or denied for each of the plurality of tunable channels. 13. The device of claim 11, wherein the plurality of business rules include access permissions for each of the plurality of television applications in relation to defined time periods. 14. The device of claim 11, wherein the plurality of business rules include access permissions for each of the plurality of television applications in relation to specific programs. 15. The device of claim 11, wherein the plurality of business rules include access permissions based on contractual agreements between content owners of the plurality of tunable channels and application developers of the plurality of television applications. 16. The device of claim 11, wherein the network comprises the Internet. 17. The device of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to present the list of selectable television applications by showing non-selectable television applications as grayed out on the display. 18. The device of claim 11 wherein prior to the associating of the selection of television applications to the channel the processor is further configured to receive the selection of television applications from an input device. 19. The device of claim 11 wherein after the associating of the selection of television applications to the channel the processor is further configured to store the associating as data in a non-volatile memory. 20. The device of claim 11 wherein prior to applying the plurality of business rules the processor is further configured to retrieve the plurality of business rules and the plurality of television applications from an application servicing host over the network. | There is provided a system and method for providing television application channel sync (TACS). There is provided a method comprising determining a channel presently tuned from a plurality of tunable channels, applying a plurality of business rules to the channel to present, on a display, a list of selectable television applications from a plurality of television applications requiring access to a network, associating the channel to a selection of television applications from the list, and rendering the selection of television applications concurrently with the channel on the display while the channel is presently tuned. The business rules may be flexibly configured to prevent television applications from displaying unsuitable, unrelated or irrelevant content with channel video content, thus providing a unified and coherent presentation for viewers while preserving the intended messages of primary programming content providers and advertising partners.1. A method of providing television application channel sync, the method comprising:
determining a channel presently tuned from a plurality of tunable channels; applying a plurality of business rules to the channel to present, on a display, a list of selectable television applications from a plurality of television applications requiring access to a network; associating the channel to a selection of television applications from the list; and rendering the selection of television applications concurrently with the channel on the display while the channel is presently tuned. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of business rules include access permissions specifying whether each of the plurality of television applications is allowed or denied for each of the plurality of tunable channels. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of business rules include access permissions for each of the plurality of television applications in relation to defined time periods. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of business rules include access permissions for each of the plurality of television applications in relation to specific programs. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of business rules include access permissions based on contractual agreements between content owners of the plurality of tunable channels and application developers of the plurality of television applications. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the network comprises the Internet. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein presenting the list of selectable television applications shows non-selectable television applications as grayed out on the display. 8. The method of claim 1 further comprising, prior to the associating of the selection of television applications to the channel, receiving the selection of television applications from an input device. 9. The method of claim 1 further comprising, after the associating of the selection of television applications to the channel, storing the associating as data in a non-volatile memory. 10. The method of claim 1 further comprising, prior to applying the plurality of business rules, retrieving the plurality of business rules and the plurality of television applications from an application servicing host over the network. 11. A media streaming device providing television application channel sync, the device comprising:
a processor configured to:
determine a channel presently tuned from a plurality of tunable channels;
apply a plurality of business rules to the channel to present, on a display, a list of selectable television applications from a plurality of television applications requiring access to a network;
associate the channel to a selection of television applications from the list; and
render the selection of television applications concurrently with the channel on the display while the channel is presently tuned. 12. The device of claim 11, wherein the plurality of business rules include access permissions specifying whether each of the plurality of television applications is allowed or denied for each of the plurality of tunable channels. 13. The device of claim 11, wherein the plurality of business rules include access permissions for each of the plurality of television applications in relation to defined time periods. 14. The device of claim 11, wherein the plurality of business rules include access permissions for each of the plurality of television applications in relation to specific programs. 15. The device of claim 11, wherein the plurality of business rules include access permissions based on contractual agreements between content owners of the plurality of tunable channels and application developers of the plurality of television applications. 16. The device of claim 11, wherein the network comprises the Internet. 17. The device of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to present the list of selectable television applications by showing non-selectable television applications as grayed out on the display. 18. The device of claim 11 wherein prior to the associating of the selection of television applications to the channel the processor is further configured to receive the selection of television applications from an input device. 19. The device of claim 11 wherein after the associating of the selection of television applications to the channel the processor is further configured to store the associating as data in a non-volatile memory. 20. The device of claim 11 wherein prior to applying the plurality of business rules the processor is further configured to retrieve the plurality of business rules and the plurality of television applications from an application servicing host over the network. | 2,400 |
9,509 | 9,509 | 15,349,342 | 2,483 | A method of operating a semiconductor device includes receiving a video stream including a plurality of frames encoded in a hierarchical manner. Each frame is classified as one of a plurality of layers, and the plurality of layers includes a first layer and a second layer. The method further includes decoding the frames classified as the first layer in a chronological order, storing the decoded frames classified as the first layer in a decoded picture buffer (DPB), decoding a latest one of the frames classified as the second layer, storing the decoded latest one of the frames classified as the second layer in the DPB, reading the DPB to display the latest one of the frames classified as the second layer, and decoding and displaying the frames classified as the second layer other than the latest one of the frames classified as the second layer in a reverse chronological order. | 1. A method of operating a semiconductor device, comprising:
receiving a video stream comprising a plurality of frames encoded in a hierarchical manner, wherein each of the frames is classified as one of a plurality of layers, and the plurality of layers comprises a first layer and a second layer; decoding the frames classified as the first layer in a chronological order; storing the decoded frames classified as the first layer in a decoded picture buffer (DPB); decoding a latest one of the frames classified as the second layer; storing the decoded latest one of the frames classified as the second layer in the DPB; reading the DPB to display the latest one of the frames classified as the second layer; and decoding and displaying the frames classified as the second layer other than the latest one of the frames classified as the second layer in a reverse chronological order. 2. The method of claim 1,
wherein the DPB comprises a plurality of unit buffer blocks, and each unit buffer block is associated with information on a respective frame, wherein a number of the unit buffer blocks used for operation of the semiconductor device is determined by:
NB=NG/2̂(NL−1)+NL,
wherein NB denotes the number of the unit buffer blocks used for operation of the semiconductor device, NG denotes a number of the plurality of frames, and NL denotes a number of the plurality of layers. 3. The method of claim 2,
wherein a display delay taken in decoding a frame until the semiconductor device begins a display operation is determined by:
DD=NG/2̂(NL−1)+NL−1,
wherein DD denotes the display delay. 4. The method of claim 1,
wherein the DPB comprises a first buffer area and a second buffer area, wherein the first buffer area stores a decoded frame from among the plurality of frames, and the second buffer area stores a frame for displaying from among the decoded frames. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of frames is displayed in the reverse chronological order. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of frames comprises at least one of intra frames (I-frame), predicted frame (P-frames), and bidirectional prediction frames (B-frames). 7. The method of claim 1, wherein decoding and displaying the frames classified as the second layer other than the latest one of the frames classified as the second layer in the reverse chronological order comprises:
reading the DPB to retrieve a previous frame that is a second latest one of the frames classified as the second layer; and determining whether a hierarchical parent frame of the previous frame is stored in the DPB. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein decoding and displaying the frames classified as the second layer other than the latest one of the frames classified as the second layer in the reverse chronological order further comprises:
decoding the previous frame when the hierarchical parent frame of the previous frame is stored in the DPB. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein decoding and displaying the frames classified as the second layer other than the latest one of the frames classified as the second layer in the reverse chronological order further comprises:
decoding the hierarchical parent frame of the previous frame and subsequently decoding the previous frame when the hierarchical parent frame is not stored in the DPB. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein a number of the plurality of layers is determined when the plurality of frames is encoded in the hierarchical manner. 11. A method of operating a semiconductor device, comprising:
receiving a video stream comprising a plurality of groups of pictures (GOPs) encoded in a hierarchical manner; storing the video stream in a first memory area; retrieving a first GOP that is a latest one of the plurality of GOPs from the video stream stored in the first memory area, wherein the first GOP comprises a plurality of frames, each of the frames is classified as one of a plurality of layers, and the plurality of layers comprises a first layer and a second layer; decoding the frames classified as the first layer in a chronological order; storing the decoded frames classified as the first layer in a second memory area; decoding a latest one of the frames classified as the second layer; storing the decoded latest one of the frames classified as the second layer in the second memory area; decoding the frames classified as the second layer other than the latest one of the frames classified as the second layer in a reverse chronological order; storing the decoded frames classified as the second layer other than the latest one of the frames classified as the second layer in the second memory area; and retrieving a second GOP that is a second latest one of the plurality of GOPs from the video stream stored in the first memory area. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein at least some of the plurality of frames included in the first GOP are displayed before all of the frames of the first GOP are decoded. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the first memory area comprises a buffer memory for storing the video stream, and the second memory area comprises a decoded picture buffer (DPB) for storing the decoded frames. 14. The method of claim 11,
wherein the second memory area comprises a plurality of unit buffer blocks, and each unit buffer block is associated with information on a respective frame, wherein a number of the unit buffer blocks used for operation of the semiconductor device is determined by:
NB=NG/2̂(NL−1)+NL,
wherein NB denotes the number of the unit buffer blocks used for operation of the semiconductor device, NG denotes a number of the plurality of frames, and NL denotes a number of the plurality of layers. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the plurality of GOPs is displayed in the reverse chronological order. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein decoding the frames classified as the second layer other than the latest one of the frames classified as the second layer in the reverse chronological order comprises:
reading the second memory area to retrieve a previous frame that is a second latest one of the frames classified as the second layer; and determining whether a hierarchical parent frame of the previous frame is stored in the second memory area. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein decoding the frames classified as the second layer other than the latest one of the frames classified as the second layer in the reverse chronological order further comprises:
decoding the previous frame when the hierarchical parent frame of the previous frame is stored in the second memory area. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein decoding the frames classified as the second layer other than the latest one of the frames classified as the second layer in the reverse chronological order further comprises:
decoding the hierarchical parent frame of the previous frame and subsequently decoding the previous frame when the hierarchical parent frame is not stored in the second memory area. 19. A method of operating a semiconductor device, comprising:
receiving a video stream comprising a plurality of frames encoded in a hierarchical manner, wherein each of the frames is classified as one of a first layer, a second layer and a third layer; decoding the frames classified as the first layer in a chronological order; storing the decoded frames classified as the first layer in a decoded picture buffer (DPB); decoding a latest one of the frames classified as the second layer; storing the decoded latest one of the frames classified as the second layer in the DPB; decoding a first frame that is a latest one of the frames classified as the third layer; storing the decoded first frame in the DPB; retrieving a second frame that is a second latest one of the frames classified as the third layer; determining whether a hierarchical parent frame of the second frame is stored in the DPB; decoding the second frame when the hierarchical parent frame is stored in the DPB; and decoding the hierarchical parent frame, and subsequently decoding the second frame and storing the second frame in the DPB, when the hierarchical parent frame is not stored in the DPB. 20. The method of claim 19,
wherein the DPB comprises a plurality of unit buffer blocks, and each unit buffer block is associated with information on a respective frame, wherein a number of the unit buffer blocks used for operation of the semiconductor device is determined by:
NB=NG/2̂(NL−1)+NL,
wherein NB denotes the number of the unit buffer blocks, NG denotes a number of the plurality of frames, and NL denotes a number of the plurality of layers. 21-35. (canceled) | A method of operating a semiconductor device includes receiving a video stream including a plurality of frames encoded in a hierarchical manner. Each frame is classified as one of a plurality of layers, and the plurality of layers includes a first layer and a second layer. The method further includes decoding the frames classified as the first layer in a chronological order, storing the decoded frames classified as the first layer in a decoded picture buffer (DPB), decoding a latest one of the frames classified as the second layer, storing the decoded latest one of the frames classified as the second layer in the DPB, reading the DPB to display the latest one of the frames classified as the second layer, and decoding and displaying the frames classified as the second layer other than the latest one of the frames classified as the second layer in a reverse chronological order.1. A method of operating a semiconductor device, comprising:
receiving a video stream comprising a plurality of frames encoded in a hierarchical manner, wherein each of the frames is classified as one of a plurality of layers, and the plurality of layers comprises a first layer and a second layer; decoding the frames classified as the first layer in a chronological order; storing the decoded frames classified as the first layer in a decoded picture buffer (DPB); decoding a latest one of the frames classified as the second layer; storing the decoded latest one of the frames classified as the second layer in the DPB; reading the DPB to display the latest one of the frames classified as the second layer; and decoding and displaying the frames classified as the second layer other than the latest one of the frames classified as the second layer in a reverse chronological order. 2. The method of claim 1,
wherein the DPB comprises a plurality of unit buffer blocks, and each unit buffer block is associated with information on a respective frame, wherein a number of the unit buffer blocks used for operation of the semiconductor device is determined by:
NB=NG/2̂(NL−1)+NL,
wherein NB denotes the number of the unit buffer blocks used for operation of the semiconductor device, NG denotes a number of the plurality of frames, and NL denotes a number of the plurality of layers. 3. The method of claim 2,
wherein a display delay taken in decoding a frame until the semiconductor device begins a display operation is determined by:
DD=NG/2̂(NL−1)+NL−1,
wherein DD denotes the display delay. 4. The method of claim 1,
wherein the DPB comprises a first buffer area and a second buffer area, wherein the first buffer area stores a decoded frame from among the plurality of frames, and the second buffer area stores a frame for displaying from among the decoded frames. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of frames is displayed in the reverse chronological order. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of frames comprises at least one of intra frames (I-frame), predicted frame (P-frames), and bidirectional prediction frames (B-frames). 7. The method of claim 1, wherein decoding and displaying the frames classified as the second layer other than the latest one of the frames classified as the second layer in the reverse chronological order comprises:
reading the DPB to retrieve a previous frame that is a second latest one of the frames classified as the second layer; and determining whether a hierarchical parent frame of the previous frame is stored in the DPB. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein decoding and displaying the frames classified as the second layer other than the latest one of the frames classified as the second layer in the reverse chronological order further comprises:
decoding the previous frame when the hierarchical parent frame of the previous frame is stored in the DPB. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein decoding and displaying the frames classified as the second layer other than the latest one of the frames classified as the second layer in the reverse chronological order further comprises:
decoding the hierarchical parent frame of the previous frame and subsequently decoding the previous frame when the hierarchical parent frame is not stored in the DPB. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein a number of the plurality of layers is determined when the plurality of frames is encoded in the hierarchical manner. 11. A method of operating a semiconductor device, comprising:
receiving a video stream comprising a plurality of groups of pictures (GOPs) encoded in a hierarchical manner; storing the video stream in a first memory area; retrieving a first GOP that is a latest one of the plurality of GOPs from the video stream stored in the first memory area, wherein the first GOP comprises a plurality of frames, each of the frames is classified as one of a plurality of layers, and the plurality of layers comprises a first layer and a second layer; decoding the frames classified as the first layer in a chronological order; storing the decoded frames classified as the first layer in a second memory area; decoding a latest one of the frames classified as the second layer; storing the decoded latest one of the frames classified as the second layer in the second memory area; decoding the frames classified as the second layer other than the latest one of the frames classified as the second layer in a reverse chronological order; storing the decoded frames classified as the second layer other than the latest one of the frames classified as the second layer in the second memory area; and retrieving a second GOP that is a second latest one of the plurality of GOPs from the video stream stored in the first memory area. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein at least some of the plurality of frames included in the first GOP are displayed before all of the frames of the first GOP are decoded. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the first memory area comprises a buffer memory for storing the video stream, and the second memory area comprises a decoded picture buffer (DPB) for storing the decoded frames. 14. The method of claim 11,
wherein the second memory area comprises a plurality of unit buffer blocks, and each unit buffer block is associated with information on a respective frame, wherein a number of the unit buffer blocks used for operation of the semiconductor device is determined by:
NB=NG/2̂(NL−1)+NL,
wherein NB denotes the number of the unit buffer blocks used for operation of the semiconductor device, NG denotes a number of the plurality of frames, and NL denotes a number of the plurality of layers. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the plurality of GOPs is displayed in the reverse chronological order. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein decoding the frames classified as the second layer other than the latest one of the frames classified as the second layer in the reverse chronological order comprises:
reading the second memory area to retrieve a previous frame that is a second latest one of the frames classified as the second layer; and determining whether a hierarchical parent frame of the previous frame is stored in the second memory area. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein decoding the frames classified as the second layer other than the latest one of the frames classified as the second layer in the reverse chronological order further comprises:
decoding the previous frame when the hierarchical parent frame of the previous frame is stored in the second memory area. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein decoding the frames classified as the second layer other than the latest one of the frames classified as the second layer in the reverse chronological order further comprises:
decoding the hierarchical parent frame of the previous frame and subsequently decoding the previous frame when the hierarchical parent frame is not stored in the second memory area. 19. A method of operating a semiconductor device, comprising:
receiving a video stream comprising a plurality of frames encoded in a hierarchical manner, wherein each of the frames is classified as one of a first layer, a second layer and a third layer; decoding the frames classified as the first layer in a chronological order; storing the decoded frames classified as the first layer in a decoded picture buffer (DPB); decoding a latest one of the frames classified as the second layer; storing the decoded latest one of the frames classified as the second layer in the DPB; decoding a first frame that is a latest one of the frames classified as the third layer; storing the decoded first frame in the DPB; retrieving a second frame that is a second latest one of the frames classified as the third layer; determining whether a hierarchical parent frame of the second frame is stored in the DPB; decoding the second frame when the hierarchical parent frame is stored in the DPB; and decoding the hierarchical parent frame, and subsequently decoding the second frame and storing the second frame in the DPB, when the hierarchical parent frame is not stored in the DPB. 20. The method of claim 19,
wherein the DPB comprises a plurality of unit buffer blocks, and each unit buffer block is associated with information on a respective frame, wherein a number of the unit buffer blocks used for operation of the semiconductor device is determined by:
NB=NG/2̂(NL−1)+NL,
wherein NB denotes the number of the unit buffer blocks, NG denotes a number of the plurality of frames, and NL denotes a number of the plurality of layers. 21-35. (canceled) | 2,400 |
9,510 | 9,510 | 16,368,455 | 2,483 | A device may perform a first prediction process for a first block of video data to produce a first residual. The device may apply a first transform process to the first residual to generate first transform coefficients for the first block of video data and encode the first transform coefficients. The device may perform a second prediction process for a second block of video data to produce a second residual. The device may determine that a second transform process, which includes the first transform process and at least one of a pre-adjustment operation or a post-adjustment operation, is to be applied to the second residual. The device may apply the first transform process and the pre- or post-adjustment operation to the second residual to generate second transform coefficients for the second block. The coding device may code the first and second transform coefficients. | 1. A method of encoding video data comprising:
performing a first prediction process for a first block of video data to produce a first residual; determining that a first transform process of a plurality of transform processes is to be applied to the first residual; applying the first transform process to the first residual to generate first transform coefficients for the first block of video data; encoding the first transform coefficients; performing a second prediction process for a second block of video data to produce a second residual; determining that a second transform process is to be applied to the second residual, wherein the second transform process comprises the first transform process and at least one of a first pre-adjustment operation or a first post-adjustment operation to apply to the second residual in addition to the first transform process; applying the first transform process and at least one of the first pre-adjustment operation or the first post-adjustment operation to the second residual to generate second transform coefficients for the second block of video data, wherein the first pre-adjustment operation, if applied, is applied prior to applying the first transform process, and wherein the first post-adjustment operation, if applied, is applied after applying the first transform process; and encoding the second transform coefficients. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
performing a third prediction process on the third block of video data to produce a third residual; determining a subset of transform processes from the plurality of transform processes, wherein the subset of transform processes includes fewer transform processes than the plurality of transform processes, and wherein the subset of transform processes includes the first transform process; determining a set of adjustment operations, wherein each adjustment operation comprises at least one of a pre-adjustment operation or a post-adjustment operation to be applied to the third residual, and wherein each adjustment operation, when applied in conjunction with a transform process of the subset of transform processes, results in transform coefficients that are approximately equal to transform coefficients resulting from the application of a transform process in the plurality of transform processes that is not included in the subset of transform processes, and wherein each adjustment operation of the set of adjustment operations is associated with a transform process of the subset of transform processes; determining, for each transform process of the subset of transform processes, rate-distortion characteristics for the respective transform process; determining, for each adjustment operation of the set of adjustment operations, rate-distortion characteristics for the respective adjustment operation and the associated transform process for the respective adjustment operation; selecting, based on the determined rate-distortion characteristics, either the transform process from the subset of transform processes or the adjustment operation from the set of adjustment operations and the transform process from the subset of transform processes associated with the selected adjustment operation as a complete transform process to apply to the third residual; applying the complete transform process to the third residual to generate third transform coefficients for the third block of video data; and encoding the third transform coefficients. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the subset of transform processes comprises one or more of a DCT-2 matrix, a DCT-3 matrix, a DST-2 matrix, or a DST-3 matrix. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
encoding, in a bitstream, one or more indexes indicating the selected transform process from the subset of transform processes; and if an adjustment operation is selected, encoding, in the bitstream, one or more indexes indicating the selected adjustment operation from the set of adjustment operations. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein encoding the first transform coefficients and encoding the second transform coefficients comprises entropy encoding the first transform coefficients and entropy encoding the second transform coefficients. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first transform process comprises a discrete trigonometrical transform matrix. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein each transform process of the plurality of transform processes comprises a discrete trigonometrical transform matrix. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first transform process and the at least one of the first pre-adjustment operation or the first post-adjustment operation each comprise a respective sparse matrix. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the sparse matrix of the first transform process comprises a band diagonal matrix. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the sparse matrix of the first transform process comprises a block diagonal matrix. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one of the first pre-adjustment operation or the first post-adjustment operation comprises a set of one or more Givens rotations. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the first block of video data comprises a first coding unit in a first row of a coding tree unit, wherein the second block of video data comprises a second coding unit in a second row of the coding tree unit, and wherein the first row is different than the second row. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the first block of video data comprises a first coding unit in a first column of a coding tree unit, wherein the second block of video data comprises a second coding unit in a second column of the coding tree unit, and wherein the first column is different than the second column. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the first block of video data comprises a first coding unit in a first row of a coding tree unit, wherein the second block of video data comprises a second coding unit in a second row of the coding tree unit, wherein the first row is different than the second row, and wherein the method further comprises:
performing a third prediction process for a third coding unit of the coding tree to produce a third residual, wherein the third coding unit is in a third row of the coding tree unit, wherein the second row and the third row are contiguous rows; determining that the second transform process is to be applied to the third residual; applying the first transform process and at least one of the first pre-adjustment operation or the first post-adjustment operation to the third residual to generate third transform coefficients for the third coding unit; and encoding the third transform coefficients. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the first block of video data comprises a first coding tree unit, and wherein the second block of video data comprises a second coding tree unit different than the first coding tree unit. 16. A video encoding device comprising:
a memory configured to store video data; and one or more processors implemented in circuitry and configured to:
perform a first prediction process for a first block of video data to produce a first residual;
determine that a first transform process of a plurality of transform processes is to be applied to the first residual;
apply the first transform process to the first residual to generate first transform coefficients for the first block of video data;
encode the first transform coefficients;
determine that a second transform process is to be applied to the second residual, wherein the second transform process comprises the first transform process and at least one of a first pre-adjustment operation or a first post-adjustment operation to apply to the second residual in addition to the first transform process;
apply the first transform process and at least one of the first pre-adjustment operation or the first post-adjustment operation to the second residual to generate second transform coefficients for the second block of video data, wherein the first pre-adjustment operation, if applied, is applied prior to applying the first transform process, and wherein the first post-adjustment operation, if applied, is applied after applying the first transform process; and
encode the second transform coefficients. 17. The video encoding device of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
perform a third prediction process on the third block of video data to produce a third residual; determine a subset of transform processes from the plurality of transform processes, wherein the subset of transform processes includes fewer transform processes than the plurality of transform processes, and wherein the subset of transform processes includes the first transform process; determine a set of adjustment operations, wherein each adjustment operation comprises at least one of a pre-adjustment operation or a post-adjustment operation to be applied to the third residual, and wherein each adjustment operation, when applied in conjunction with a transform process of the subset of transform processes, results in transform coefficients that are approximately equal to transform coefficients resulting from the application of a transform process in the plurality of transform processes that is not included in the subset of transform processes, and wherein each adjustment operation of the set of adjustment operations is associated with a transform process of the subset of transform processes; determine, for each transform process of the subset of transform processes, rate-distortion characteristics for the respective transform process; determine, for each adjustment operation of the set of adjustment operations, rate-distortion characteristics for the respective adjustment operation and the associated transform process for the respective adjustment operation; select, based on the determined rate-distortion characteristics, either the transform process from the subset of transform processes or the adjustment operation from the set of adjustment operations and the transform process from the subset of transform processes associated with the selected adjustment operation as a complete transform process to apply to the third residual; apply the complete transform process to the third residual to generate third transform coefficients for the third block of video data; and encode the third transform coefficients. 18. The video encoding device of claim 17, wherein the subset of transform processes comprises one or more of a DCT-2 matrix, a DCT-3 matrix, a DST-2 matrix, or a DST-3 matrix, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
encode, in a bitstream, one or more indexes indicating the selected transform process from the subset of transform processes; and if an adjustment operation is selected, encode, in the bitstream, one or more indexes indicating the selected adjustment operation from the set of adjustment operations. 19. The video encoding device of claim 16, wherein encoding the first transform coefficients and encoding the second transform coefficients comprises entropy encoding the first transform coefficients and entropy encoding the second transform coefficients. 20. The video encoding device of claim 16, wherein the first transform process comprises a discrete trigonometrical transform matrix, and wherein each transform process of the plurality of transform processes comprises a discrete trigonometrical transform matrix. 21. The video encoding device of claim 16, wherein the first transform process and the at least one of the first pre-adjustment operation or the first post-adjustment operation each comprise a respective sparse matrix, wherein the sparse matrix of the first transform process comprises one of a band diagonal matrix or a block diagonal matrix. 22. The video encoding device of claim 16, wherein the at least one of the first pre-adjustment operation or the first post-adjustment operation comprise a set of one or more Givens rotations. 23. The video encoding device of claim 16, wherein the first block of video data comprises a first coding unit in a first row of a coding tree unit, wherein the second block of video data comprises a second coding unit in a second row of the coding tree unit, and wherein the first row is different than the second row. 24. The video encoding device of claim 16, wherein the first block of video data comprises a first coding unit in a first column of a coding tree unit, wherein the second block of video data comprises a second coding unit in a second column of the coding tree unit, and wherein the first column is different than the second column. 25. The video encoding device of claim 16, wherein the first block of video data comprises a first coding unit in a first row of a coding tree unit, wherein the second block of video data comprises a second coding unit in a second row of the coding tree unit, wherein the first row is different than the second row, and wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
predict a third residual for a third coding unit of the coding tree unit, wherein the third coding unit is in a third row of the coding tree unit, wherein the second row and the third row are contiguous rows; determine that the second transform process is to be applied to the third residual; apply the first transform process and at least one of the first pre-adjustment operation or the first post-adjustment operation to the third residual to generate third transform coefficients for the third coding unit; and encode the third transform coefficients. 26. The video encoding device of claim 16, wherein the first block of video data comprises a first coding tree unit, and wherein the second block of video data comprises a second coding tree unit different than the first coding tree unit. 27. The video encoding device of claim 16, further comprising:
a camera configured to capture the video data. 28. A method of decoding video data comprising:
determining that a first inverse transform process of a plurality of inverse transform processes is to be applied to a first block of a plurality of blocks of video data; applying the first inverse transform process to first transform coefficients of the first block to generate a first residual; decoding the first residual to produce a first decoded block; determining that a second inverse transform process is to be applied to a second block of the plurality of blocks of video data, wherein the second inverse transform process comprises the first inverse transform process and at least one of a pre-adjustment operation or a post-adjustment operation; applying the first inverse transform process and the at least one of the pre-adjustment operation or the post-adjustment operation to second transform coefficients of the second block to generate a second residual, wherein the pre-adjustment operation, if applied, is applied prior to applying the first inverse transform process, and wherein the post-adjustment operation, if applied, is applied after applying the first inverse transform process; decoding the second residual to produce a second decoded block; and decoding the video data based at least in part on the first decoded block and the second decoded block. 29. The method of claim 28, further comprising:
determining that the first inverse transform is to be applied to the second coding block based on a value of a first index; and determining that the at least one of the pre-adjustment operation and the post-adjustment operation is to be applied to the second block in addition to the first inverse transform based on a value of a second index. 30. The method of claim 28, wherein the first inverse transform process comprises a discrete trigonometrical transform matrix. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein each inverse transform process of the plurality of inverse transform processes comprises a discrete trigonometrical transform matrix. 32. The method of claim 28, wherein the second residual is approximately equal to a residual resulting from applying a second inverse transform process from the plurality of inverse transform processes to the second transform coefficients of the second block. 33. The method of claim 28, wherein the first inverse transform process and the at least one of the pre-adjustment operation or the post-adjustment operation each comprise a respective sparse matrix. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the sparse matrix of the first inverse transform process comprises a band diagonal matrix. 35. The method of claim 33, wherein the sparse matrix of the first inverse transform process comprises a block diagonal matrix. 36. The method of claim 28, wherein the at least one of the pre-adjustment operation or the post-adjustment operation comprise a set of one or more Givens rotations. 37. The method of claim 28, wherein the first inverse transform process comprises one of a DCT-2 matrix, a DCT-3 matrix, a DST-2 matrix, or a DST-3 matrix. 38. The method of claim 28, further comprising:
receiving the video data at a receiver of a wireless communication device; storing the video data in a memory of the wireless communication device; and processing the video data on one or more processors of the wireless communication device. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the wireless communication device comprises a telephone handset and wherein receiving the video data at the receiver of the wireless communication device comprises demodulating, according to a wireless communication standard, a signal comprising the video data. 40. The method of claim 28, wherein the first block of video data comprises a first coding unit in a first row of a coding tree unit, wherein the second block of video data comprises a second coding unit in a second row of the coding tree unit, and wherein the first row is different than the second row. 41. The method of claim 28, wherein the first block of video data comprises a first coding unit in a first column of a coding tree unit, wherein the second block of video data comprises a second coding unit in a second column of the coding tree unit, and wherein the first column is different than the second column. 42. The method of claim 28, wherein the first block of video data comprises a first coding unit in a first row of a coding tree unit, wherein the second block of video data comprises a second coding unit in a second row of the coding tree unit, wherein the first row is different than the second row, wherein the method further comprises:
determining that the first inverse transform process and the at least one of the pre-adjustment operation or the post-adjustment operation is to be applied to a third coding unit, wherein the third coding unit is in a third row of the coding tree unit, wherein the second row and the third row are contiguous rows; applying the first inverse transform process and the at least one of the pre-adjustment operation or the post-adjustment operation to third transform coefficients of the third coding unit to generate a third residual decoding the third residual to produce a third decoded coding unit; and decoding the video data based at least in part on the third decoded block. 43. The method of claim 28, wherein the first block of video data comprises a first coding tree unit, and wherein the second block of video data comprises a second coding tree unit different than the first coding tree unit. 44. A video decoding device comprising:
a memory configured to store video data; and one or more processors implemented in circuitry and configured to:
determine that a first inverse transform process of a plurality of inverse transform processes is to be applied to a first block of a plurality of blocks of video data;
apply the first inverse transform process to first transform coefficients of the first block to generate a first residual;
decode the first residual to produce a first decoded block;
determine that a second inverse transform process is to be applied to a second block of the plurality of blocks of video data, wherein the second inverse transform process comprises the first inverse transform process and at least one of a pre-adjustment operation or a post-adjustment operation;
apply the first inverse transform process and the at least one of the pre-adjustment operation or the post-adjustment operation to second transform coefficients of the second block to generate a second residual, wherein the pre-adjustment operation, if applied, is applied prior to applying the first inverse transform process, and wherein the post-adjustment operation, if applied, is applied after applying the first inverse transform process;
decode the second residual to produce a second decoded block; and
decode the video data based at least in part on the first decoded block and the second decoded block. 45. The video decoding device of claim 44, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
determine that the first inverse transform is to be applied to the second coding block based on a value of a first index; and determine that the at least one of the pre-adjustment operation and the post-adjustment operation is to be applied to the second block in addition to the first inverse transform based on a value of a second index. 46. The video decoding device of claim 44, wherein the first inverse transform process comprises a discrete trigonometrical transform matrix, wherein each inverse transform process of the plurality of inverse transform processes comprises a discrete trigonometrical transform matrix. 47. The video decoding device of claim 44, wherein the second residual is approximately equal to a residual resulting from applying a second inverse transform process from the plurality of inverse transform processes to the second transform coefficients of the second block. 48. The video decoding device of claim 44, wherein the first inverse transform process and the at least one of the pre-adjustment operation or the post-adjustment operation each comprise a respective sparse matrix, wherein the sparse matrix of the first inverse transform process comprises one of a band diagonal matrix or a block diagonal matrix. 49. The video decoding device of claim 44, wherein the at least one of the pre-adjustment operation or the post-adjustment operation comprise a set of one or more Givens rotations. 50. The video decoding device of claim 44, wherein the first inverse transform process comprises one of a DCT-2 matrix, a DCT-3 matrix, a DST-2 matrix, or a DST-3 matrix. 51. The video decoding device of claim 44, wherein the device comprises a wireless communication device, further comprising a receiver configured to receive encoded video data. 52. The video decoding device of claim 51, wherein the wireless communication device comprises a telephone handset and wherein the receiver is configured to demodulate, according to a wireless communication standard, a signal comprising the encoded video data. 53. The video decoding device of claim 51, wherein the first block of video data comprises a first coding unit in a first row of a coding tree unit, wherein the second block of video data comprises a second coding unit in a second row of the coding tree unit, and wherein the first row is different than the second row. 54. The video decoding device of claim 51, wherein the first block of video data comprises a first coding unit in a first column of a coding tree unit, wherein the second block of video data comprises a second coding unit in a second column of the coding tree unit, and wherein the first column is different than the second column. 55. The video decoding device of claim 51, wherein the first block of video data comprises a first coding unit in a first row of a coding tree unit, wherein the second block of video data comprises a second coding unit in a second row of the coding tree unit, wherein the first row is different than the second row, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
determine that the first inverse transform process and the at least one of the pre-adjustment operation or the post-adjustment operation is to be applied to a third coding unit, wherein the third coding unit is in a third row of the coding tree unit, wherein the second row and the third row are contiguous rows; apply the first inverse transform process and the at least one of the pre-adjustment operation or the post-adjustment operation to third transform coefficients of the third coding unit to generate a third residual decode the third residual to produce a third decoded coding unit; and decode the video data based at least in part on the third decoded block. 56. The video decoding device of claim 51, wherein the first block of video data comprises a first coding tree unit, and wherein the second block of video data comprises a second coding tree unit different than the first coding tree unit. 57. The video decoding device of claim 44, further comprising:
a display configured to display the decoded video data. 58. A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon instructions that, when executed, cause one or more processors of a video decoding device to:
determine that a first inverse transform process of a plurality of inverse transform processes is to be applied to a first block of a plurality of blocks of video data; apply the first inverse transform process to first transform coefficients of the first block to generate a first residual; decode the first residual to produce a first decoded block; determine that a second inverse transform process is to be applied to a second block of the plurality of blocks of video data, wherein the second inverse transform process comprises the first inverse transform process and at least one of a pre-adjustment operation or a post-adjustment operation; apply the first inverse transform process and the at least one of the pre-adjustment operation or the post-adjustment operation to second transform coefficients of the second block to generate a second residual, wherein the pre-adjustment operation, if applied, is applied prior to applying the first inverse transform process, and wherein the post-adjustment operation, if applied, is applied after applying the first inverse transform process; decode the second residual to produce a second decoded block; and decode the video data based at least in part on the first decoded block and the second decoded block. 59. An apparatus for decoding video data, the apparatus comprising:
means for determining that a first inverse transform process of a plurality of inverse transform processes is to be applied to a first block of a plurality of blocks of video data; means for applying the first inverse transform process to first transform coefficients of the first block to generate a first residual; means for decoding the first residual to produce a first decoded block; means for determining that a second inverse transform process is to be applied to a second block of the plurality of blocks of video data, wherein the second inverse transform process comprises the first inverse transform process and at least one of a pre-adjustment operation or a post-adjustment operation; means for applying the first inverse transform process and the at least one of the pre-adjustment operation or the post-adjustment operation to second transform coefficients of the second block to generate a second residual, wherein the pre-adjustment operation, if applied, is applied prior to applying the first inverse transform process, and wherein the post-adjustment operation, if applied, is applied after applying the first inverse transform process; means for decoding the second residual to produce a second decoded block; and means for decoding the video data based at least in part on the first decoded block and the second decoded block. | A device may perform a first prediction process for a first block of video data to produce a first residual. The device may apply a first transform process to the first residual to generate first transform coefficients for the first block of video data and encode the first transform coefficients. The device may perform a second prediction process for a second block of video data to produce a second residual. The device may determine that a second transform process, which includes the first transform process and at least one of a pre-adjustment operation or a post-adjustment operation, is to be applied to the second residual. The device may apply the first transform process and the pre- or post-adjustment operation to the second residual to generate second transform coefficients for the second block. The coding device may code the first and second transform coefficients.1. A method of encoding video data comprising:
performing a first prediction process for a first block of video data to produce a first residual; determining that a first transform process of a plurality of transform processes is to be applied to the first residual; applying the first transform process to the first residual to generate first transform coefficients for the first block of video data; encoding the first transform coefficients; performing a second prediction process for a second block of video data to produce a second residual; determining that a second transform process is to be applied to the second residual, wherein the second transform process comprises the first transform process and at least one of a first pre-adjustment operation or a first post-adjustment operation to apply to the second residual in addition to the first transform process; applying the first transform process and at least one of the first pre-adjustment operation or the first post-adjustment operation to the second residual to generate second transform coefficients for the second block of video data, wherein the first pre-adjustment operation, if applied, is applied prior to applying the first transform process, and wherein the first post-adjustment operation, if applied, is applied after applying the first transform process; and encoding the second transform coefficients. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
performing a third prediction process on the third block of video data to produce a third residual; determining a subset of transform processes from the plurality of transform processes, wherein the subset of transform processes includes fewer transform processes than the plurality of transform processes, and wherein the subset of transform processes includes the first transform process; determining a set of adjustment operations, wherein each adjustment operation comprises at least one of a pre-adjustment operation or a post-adjustment operation to be applied to the third residual, and wherein each adjustment operation, when applied in conjunction with a transform process of the subset of transform processes, results in transform coefficients that are approximately equal to transform coefficients resulting from the application of a transform process in the plurality of transform processes that is not included in the subset of transform processes, and wherein each adjustment operation of the set of adjustment operations is associated with a transform process of the subset of transform processes; determining, for each transform process of the subset of transform processes, rate-distortion characteristics for the respective transform process; determining, for each adjustment operation of the set of adjustment operations, rate-distortion characteristics for the respective adjustment operation and the associated transform process for the respective adjustment operation; selecting, based on the determined rate-distortion characteristics, either the transform process from the subset of transform processes or the adjustment operation from the set of adjustment operations and the transform process from the subset of transform processes associated with the selected adjustment operation as a complete transform process to apply to the third residual; applying the complete transform process to the third residual to generate third transform coefficients for the third block of video data; and encoding the third transform coefficients. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the subset of transform processes comprises one or more of a DCT-2 matrix, a DCT-3 matrix, a DST-2 matrix, or a DST-3 matrix. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
encoding, in a bitstream, one or more indexes indicating the selected transform process from the subset of transform processes; and if an adjustment operation is selected, encoding, in the bitstream, one or more indexes indicating the selected adjustment operation from the set of adjustment operations. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein encoding the first transform coefficients and encoding the second transform coefficients comprises entropy encoding the first transform coefficients and entropy encoding the second transform coefficients. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first transform process comprises a discrete trigonometrical transform matrix. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein each transform process of the plurality of transform processes comprises a discrete trigonometrical transform matrix. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first transform process and the at least one of the first pre-adjustment operation or the first post-adjustment operation each comprise a respective sparse matrix. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the sparse matrix of the first transform process comprises a band diagonal matrix. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the sparse matrix of the first transform process comprises a block diagonal matrix. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one of the first pre-adjustment operation or the first post-adjustment operation comprises a set of one or more Givens rotations. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the first block of video data comprises a first coding unit in a first row of a coding tree unit, wherein the second block of video data comprises a second coding unit in a second row of the coding tree unit, and wherein the first row is different than the second row. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the first block of video data comprises a first coding unit in a first column of a coding tree unit, wherein the second block of video data comprises a second coding unit in a second column of the coding tree unit, and wherein the first column is different than the second column. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the first block of video data comprises a first coding unit in a first row of a coding tree unit, wherein the second block of video data comprises a second coding unit in a second row of the coding tree unit, wherein the first row is different than the second row, and wherein the method further comprises:
performing a third prediction process for a third coding unit of the coding tree to produce a third residual, wherein the third coding unit is in a third row of the coding tree unit, wherein the second row and the third row are contiguous rows; determining that the second transform process is to be applied to the third residual; applying the first transform process and at least one of the first pre-adjustment operation or the first post-adjustment operation to the third residual to generate third transform coefficients for the third coding unit; and encoding the third transform coefficients. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the first block of video data comprises a first coding tree unit, and wherein the second block of video data comprises a second coding tree unit different than the first coding tree unit. 16. A video encoding device comprising:
a memory configured to store video data; and one or more processors implemented in circuitry and configured to:
perform a first prediction process for a first block of video data to produce a first residual;
determine that a first transform process of a plurality of transform processes is to be applied to the first residual;
apply the first transform process to the first residual to generate first transform coefficients for the first block of video data;
encode the first transform coefficients;
determine that a second transform process is to be applied to the second residual, wherein the second transform process comprises the first transform process and at least one of a first pre-adjustment operation or a first post-adjustment operation to apply to the second residual in addition to the first transform process;
apply the first transform process and at least one of the first pre-adjustment operation or the first post-adjustment operation to the second residual to generate second transform coefficients for the second block of video data, wherein the first pre-adjustment operation, if applied, is applied prior to applying the first transform process, and wherein the first post-adjustment operation, if applied, is applied after applying the first transform process; and
encode the second transform coefficients. 17. The video encoding device of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
perform a third prediction process on the third block of video data to produce a third residual; determine a subset of transform processes from the plurality of transform processes, wherein the subset of transform processes includes fewer transform processes than the plurality of transform processes, and wherein the subset of transform processes includes the first transform process; determine a set of adjustment operations, wherein each adjustment operation comprises at least one of a pre-adjustment operation or a post-adjustment operation to be applied to the third residual, and wherein each adjustment operation, when applied in conjunction with a transform process of the subset of transform processes, results in transform coefficients that are approximately equal to transform coefficients resulting from the application of a transform process in the plurality of transform processes that is not included in the subset of transform processes, and wherein each adjustment operation of the set of adjustment operations is associated with a transform process of the subset of transform processes; determine, for each transform process of the subset of transform processes, rate-distortion characteristics for the respective transform process; determine, for each adjustment operation of the set of adjustment operations, rate-distortion characteristics for the respective adjustment operation and the associated transform process for the respective adjustment operation; select, based on the determined rate-distortion characteristics, either the transform process from the subset of transform processes or the adjustment operation from the set of adjustment operations and the transform process from the subset of transform processes associated with the selected adjustment operation as a complete transform process to apply to the third residual; apply the complete transform process to the third residual to generate third transform coefficients for the third block of video data; and encode the third transform coefficients. 18. The video encoding device of claim 17, wherein the subset of transform processes comprises one or more of a DCT-2 matrix, a DCT-3 matrix, a DST-2 matrix, or a DST-3 matrix, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
encode, in a bitstream, one or more indexes indicating the selected transform process from the subset of transform processes; and if an adjustment operation is selected, encode, in the bitstream, one or more indexes indicating the selected adjustment operation from the set of adjustment operations. 19. The video encoding device of claim 16, wherein encoding the first transform coefficients and encoding the second transform coefficients comprises entropy encoding the first transform coefficients and entropy encoding the second transform coefficients. 20. The video encoding device of claim 16, wherein the first transform process comprises a discrete trigonometrical transform matrix, and wherein each transform process of the plurality of transform processes comprises a discrete trigonometrical transform matrix. 21. The video encoding device of claim 16, wherein the first transform process and the at least one of the first pre-adjustment operation or the first post-adjustment operation each comprise a respective sparse matrix, wherein the sparse matrix of the first transform process comprises one of a band diagonal matrix or a block diagonal matrix. 22. The video encoding device of claim 16, wherein the at least one of the first pre-adjustment operation or the first post-adjustment operation comprise a set of one or more Givens rotations. 23. The video encoding device of claim 16, wherein the first block of video data comprises a first coding unit in a first row of a coding tree unit, wherein the second block of video data comprises a second coding unit in a second row of the coding tree unit, and wherein the first row is different than the second row. 24. The video encoding device of claim 16, wherein the first block of video data comprises a first coding unit in a first column of a coding tree unit, wherein the second block of video data comprises a second coding unit in a second column of the coding tree unit, and wherein the first column is different than the second column. 25. The video encoding device of claim 16, wherein the first block of video data comprises a first coding unit in a first row of a coding tree unit, wherein the second block of video data comprises a second coding unit in a second row of the coding tree unit, wherein the first row is different than the second row, and wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
predict a third residual for a third coding unit of the coding tree unit, wherein the third coding unit is in a third row of the coding tree unit, wherein the second row and the third row are contiguous rows; determine that the second transform process is to be applied to the third residual; apply the first transform process and at least one of the first pre-adjustment operation or the first post-adjustment operation to the third residual to generate third transform coefficients for the third coding unit; and encode the third transform coefficients. 26. The video encoding device of claim 16, wherein the first block of video data comprises a first coding tree unit, and wherein the second block of video data comprises a second coding tree unit different than the first coding tree unit. 27. The video encoding device of claim 16, further comprising:
a camera configured to capture the video data. 28. A method of decoding video data comprising:
determining that a first inverse transform process of a plurality of inverse transform processes is to be applied to a first block of a plurality of blocks of video data; applying the first inverse transform process to first transform coefficients of the first block to generate a first residual; decoding the first residual to produce a first decoded block; determining that a second inverse transform process is to be applied to a second block of the plurality of blocks of video data, wherein the second inverse transform process comprises the first inverse transform process and at least one of a pre-adjustment operation or a post-adjustment operation; applying the first inverse transform process and the at least one of the pre-adjustment operation or the post-adjustment operation to second transform coefficients of the second block to generate a second residual, wherein the pre-adjustment operation, if applied, is applied prior to applying the first inverse transform process, and wherein the post-adjustment operation, if applied, is applied after applying the first inverse transform process; decoding the second residual to produce a second decoded block; and decoding the video data based at least in part on the first decoded block and the second decoded block. 29. The method of claim 28, further comprising:
determining that the first inverse transform is to be applied to the second coding block based on a value of a first index; and determining that the at least one of the pre-adjustment operation and the post-adjustment operation is to be applied to the second block in addition to the first inverse transform based on a value of a second index. 30. The method of claim 28, wherein the first inverse transform process comprises a discrete trigonometrical transform matrix. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein each inverse transform process of the plurality of inverse transform processes comprises a discrete trigonometrical transform matrix. 32. The method of claim 28, wherein the second residual is approximately equal to a residual resulting from applying a second inverse transform process from the plurality of inverse transform processes to the second transform coefficients of the second block. 33. The method of claim 28, wherein the first inverse transform process and the at least one of the pre-adjustment operation or the post-adjustment operation each comprise a respective sparse matrix. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the sparse matrix of the first inverse transform process comprises a band diagonal matrix. 35. The method of claim 33, wherein the sparse matrix of the first inverse transform process comprises a block diagonal matrix. 36. The method of claim 28, wherein the at least one of the pre-adjustment operation or the post-adjustment operation comprise a set of one or more Givens rotations. 37. The method of claim 28, wherein the first inverse transform process comprises one of a DCT-2 matrix, a DCT-3 matrix, a DST-2 matrix, or a DST-3 matrix. 38. The method of claim 28, further comprising:
receiving the video data at a receiver of a wireless communication device; storing the video data in a memory of the wireless communication device; and processing the video data on one or more processors of the wireless communication device. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the wireless communication device comprises a telephone handset and wherein receiving the video data at the receiver of the wireless communication device comprises demodulating, according to a wireless communication standard, a signal comprising the video data. 40. The method of claim 28, wherein the first block of video data comprises a first coding unit in a first row of a coding tree unit, wherein the second block of video data comprises a second coding unit in a second row of the coding tree unit, and wherein the first row is different than the second row. 41. The method of claim 28, wherein the first block of video data comprises a first coding unit in a first column of a coding tree unit, wherein the second block of video data comprises a second coding unit in a second column of the coding tree unit, and wherein the first column is different than the second column. 42. The method of claim 28, wherein the first block of video data comprises a first coding unit in a first row of a coding tree unit, wherein the second block of video data comprises a second coding unit in a second row of the coding tree unit, wherein the first row is different than the second row, wherein the method further comprises:
determining that the first inverse transform process and the at least one of the pre-adjustment operation or the post-adjustment operation is to be applied to a third coding unit, wherein the third coding unit is in a third row of the coding tree unit, wherein the second row and the third row are contiguous rows; applying the first inverse transform process and the at least one of the pre-adjustment operation or the post-adjustment operation to third transform coefficients of the third coding unit to generate a third residual decoding the third residual to produce a third decoded coding unit; and decoding the video data based at least in part on the third decoded block. 43. The method of claim 28, wherein the first block of video data comprises a first coding tree unit, and wherein the second block of video data comprises a second coding tree unit different than the first coding tree unit. 44. A video decoding device comprising:
a memory configured to store video data; and one or more processors implemented in circuitry and configured to:
determine that a first inverse transform process of a plurality of inverse transform processes is to be applied to a first block of a plurality of blocks of video data;
apply the first inverse transform process to first transform coefficients of the first block to generate a first residual;
decode the first residual to produce a first decoded block;
determine that a second inverse transform process is to be applied to a second block of the plurality of blocks of video data, wherein the second inverse transform process comprises the first inverse transform process and at least one of a pre-adjustment operation or a post-adjustment operation;
apply the first inverse transform process and the at least one of the pre-adjustment operation or the post-adjustment operation to second transform coefficients of the second block to generate a second residual, wherein the pre-adjustment operation, if applied, is applied prior to applying the first inverse transform process, and wherein the post-adjustment operation, if applied, is applied after applying the first inverse transform process;
decode the second residual to produce a second decoded block; and
decode the video data based at least in part on the first decoded block and the second decoded block. 45. The video decoding device of claim 44, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
determine that the first inverse transform is to be applied to the second coding block based on a value of a first index; and determine that the at least one of the pre-adjustment operation and the post-adjustment operation is to be applied to the second block in addition to the first inverse transform based on a value of a second index. 46. The video decoding device of claim 44, wherein the first inverse transform process comprises a discrete trigonometrical transform matrix, wherein each inverse transform process of the plurality of inverse transform processes comprises a discrete trigonometrical transform matrix. 47. The video decoding device of claim 44, wherein the second residual is approximately equal to a residual resulting from applying a second inverse transform process from the plurality of inverse transform processes to the second transform coefficients of the second block. 48. The video decoding device of claim 44, wherein the first inverse transform process and the at least one of the pre-adjustment operation or the post-adjustment operation each comprise a respective sparse matrix, wherein the sparse matrix of the first inverse transform process comprises one of a band diagonal matrix or a block diagonal matrix. 49. The video decoding device of claim 44, wherein the at least one of the pre-adjustment operation or the post-adjustment operation comprise a set of one or more Givens rotations. 50. The video decoding device of claim 44, wherein the first inverse transform process comprises one of a DCT-2 matrix, a DCT-3 matrix, a DST-2 matrix, or a DST-3 matrix. 51. The video decoding device of claim 44, wherein the device comprises a wireless communication device, further comprising a receiver configured to receive encoded video data. 52. The video decoding device of claim 51, wherein the wireless communication device comprises a telephone handset and wherein the receiver is configured to demodulate, according to a wireless communication standard, a signal comprising the encoded video data. 53. The video decoding device of claim 51, wherein the first block of video data comprises a first coding unit in a first row of a coding tree unit, wherein the second block of video data comprises a second coding unit in a second row of the coding tree unit, and wherein the first row is different than the second row. 54. The video decoding device of claim 51, wherein the first block of video data comprises a first coding unit in a first column of a coding tree unit, wherein the second block of video data comprises a second coding unit in a second column of the coding tree unit, and wherein the first column is different than the second column. 55. The video decoding device of claim 51, wherein the first block of video data comprises a first coding unit in a first row of a coding tree unit, wherein the second block of video data comprises a second coding unit in a second row of the coding tree unit, wherein the first row is different than the second row, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
determine that the first inverse transform process and the at least one of the pre-adjustment operation or the post-adjustment operation is to be applied to a third coding unit, wherein the third coding unit is in a third row of the coding tree unit, wherein the second row and the third row are contiguous rows; apply the first inverse transform process and the at least one of the pre-adjustment operation or the post-adjustment operation to third transform coefficients of the third coding unit to generate a third residual decode the third residual to produce a third decoded coding unit; and decode the video data based at least in part on the third decoded block. 56. The video decoding device of claim 51, wherein the first block of video data comprises a first coding tree unit, and wherein the second block of video data comprises a second coding tree unit different than the first coding tree unit. 57. The video decoding device of claim 44, further comprising:
a display configured to display the decoded video data. 58. A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon instructions that, when executed, cause one or more processors of a video decoding device to:
determine that a first inverse transform process of a plurality of inverse transform processes is to be applied to a first block of a plurality of blocks of video data; apply the first inverse transform process to first transform coefficients of the first block to generate a first residual; decode the first residual to produce a first decoded block; determine that a second inverse transform process is to be applied to a second block of the plurality of blocks of video data, wherein the second inverse transform process comprises the first inverse transform process and at least one of a pre-adjustment operation or a post-adjustment operation; apply the first inverse transform process and the at least one of the pre-adjustment operation or the post-adjustment operation to second transform coefficients of the second block to generate a second residual, wherein the pre-adjustment operation, if applied, is applied prior to applying the first inverse transform process, and wherein the post-adjustment operation, if applied, is applied after applying the first inverse transform process; decode the second residual to produce a second decoded block; and decode the video data based at least in part on the first decoded block and the second decoded block. 59. An apparatus for decoding video data, the apparatus comprising:
means for determining that a first inverse transform process of a plurality of inverse transform processes is to be applied to a first block of a plurality of blocks of video data; means for applying the first inverse transform process to first transform coefficients of the first block to generate a first residual; means for decoding the first residual to produce a first decoded block; means for determining that a second inverse transform process is to be applied to a second block of the plurality of blocks of video data, wherein the second inverse transform process comprises the first inverse transform process and at least one of a pre-adjustment operation or a post-adjustment operation; means for applying the first inverse transform process and the at least one of the pre-adjustment operation or the post-adjustment operation to second transform coefficients of the second block to generate a second residual, wherein the pre-adjustment operation, if applied, is applied prior to applying the first inverse transform process, and wherein the post-adjustment operation, if applied, is applied after applying the first inverse transform process; means for decoding the second residual to produce a second decoded block; and means for decoding the video data based at least in part on the first decoded block and the second decoded block. | 2,400 |
9,511 | 9,511 | 13,830,030 | 2,451 | Methods and systems for providing content to communication session participants are disclosed. In exemplary methods, at least one source can be monitored. Content relevant to a communication session having one or more participants can be identified from the at least one source. Additionally, the content can be provided as a part of the communication session in a format compatible with the communication session. | 1. A method, comprising:
monitoring at least one source; identifying, from the at least one source, content relevant to a communication session having one or more participants; and providing the content as a part of the communication session in a format compatible with the communication session. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein monitoring the at least one source comprises receiving updates to a media feed associated with a participant of the one or more participants. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein monitoring the at least one source comprises receiving updates to a media feed associated with an identifier configured to identify the communication session. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein monitoring the at least one source comprises receiving at least one of a short message service (SMS) message, electronic media feed information, status information, and an email message. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying, from the at least one source, content relevant to the communication session comprises locating one or more keywords in the content. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein locating the one or more keywords comprises identifying a symbol indicating the content is intended for the communication session. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein content relevant to the communication session comprises status information indicative of an arrival of a participant to the communication session. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the communication session comprises at least one of a video interface, an audio interface, and a web interface for communication between the one or more participants. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising associating the content with an identifier configured to identify the communication session. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein associating the content with the identifier comprises associating a source of the content with a participant of the one or more participants. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising establishing the communication session having one or more participants. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein establishing the communication session comprises establishing one or more communication links between the one or more participants. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising converting the content to the format compatible with the communication session. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein converting the content to the format compatible with the communication session comprises converting text to speech. 15. A method, comprising:
receiving a list of participants associated with a communication session; identifying at least one source associated with one or more of the participants; monitoring the at least one source for content relevant to the communication session; and providing the content to a bridge configured to present the content as a part of the communication session in a format compatible with the communication session. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein monitoring the at least one source for content relevant to the communication session comprises receiving updates to a media feed associated with a participant of the one or more participants. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein monitoring the at least one source for content relevant to the communication session comprises receiving at least one of a short message service (SMS) message, electronic media feed information, status information, and an email message. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein monitoring the at least one source for content relevant to the communication session comprises identifying at least one of a keyword and a symbol indicating the content is intended for the communication session. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein content relevant to the communication session comprises status information indicative of an arrival of a participant of the one or more participants to the communication session. 20. An apparatus, comprising:
a bridge configured to establish a communication session having one or more participants; and a media controller communicatively coupled to the bridge, wherein the media controller is configured to:
monitor at least one source,
identify content from the at least one source relevant to the communication session, and
provide the content to the bridge, wherein the bridge is configured to present the content as a part of the communication session in a format compatible with the communication session. | Methods and systems for providing content to communication session participants are disclosed. In exemplary methods, at least one source can be monitored. Content relevant to a communication session having one or more participants can be identified from the at least one source. Additionally, the content can be provided as a part of the communication session in a format compatible with the communication session.1. A method, comprising:
monitoring at least one source; identifying, from the at least one source, content relevant to a communication session having one or more participants; and providing the content as a part of the communication session in a format compatible with the communication session. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein monitoring the at least one source comprises receiving updates to a media feed associated with a participant of the one or more participants. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein monitoring the at least one source comprises receiving updates to a media feed associated with an identifier configured to identify the communication session. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein monitoring the at least one source comprises receiving at least one of a short message service (SMS) message, electronic media feed information, status information, and an email message. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying, from the at least one source, content relevant to the communication session comprises locating one or more keywords in the content. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein locating the one or more keywords comprises identifying a symbol indicating the content is intended for the communication session. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein content relevant to the communication session comprises status information indicative of an arrival of a participant to the communication session. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the communication session comprises at least one of a video interface, an audio interface, and a web interface for communication between the one or more participants. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising associating the content with an identifier configured to identify the communication session. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein associating the content with the identifier comprises associating a source of the content with a participant of the one or more participants. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising establishing the communication session having one or more participants. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein establishing the communication session comprises establishing one or more communication links between the one or more participants. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising converting the content to the format compatible with the communication session. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein converting the content to the format compatible with the communication session comprises converting text to speech. 15. A method, comprising:
receiving a list of participants associated with a communication session; identifying at least one source associated with one or more of the participants; monitoring the at least one source for content relevant to the communication session; and providing the content to a bridge configured to present the content as a part of the communication session in a format compatible with the communication session. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein monitoring the at least one source for content relevant to the communication session comprises receiving updates to a media feed associated with a participant of the one or more participants. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein monitoring the at least one source for content relevant to the communication session comprises receiving at least one of a short message service (SMS) message, electronic media feed information, status information, and an email message. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein monitoring the at least one source for content relevant to the communication session comprises identifying at least one of a keyword and a symbol indicating the content is intended for the communication session. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein content relevant to the communication session comprises status information indicative of an arrival of a participant of the one or more participants to the communication session. 20. An apparatus, comprising:
a bridge configured to establish a communication session having one or more participants; and a media controller communicatively coupled to the bridge, wherein the media controller is configured to:
monitor at least one source,
identify content from the at least one source relevant to the communication session, and
provide the content to the bridge, wherein the bridge is configured to present the content as a part of the communication session in a format compatible with the communication session. | 2,400 |
9,512 | 9,512 | 15,892,412 | 2,483 | In order to reduce or minimize the effect of camera switching performed outside of user control in some embodiments an automated camera switching policy policing system is implemented. The policing system can make camera switch recommendations, automatically implement camera switches and/or take other actions. In some embodiments the automated policing system tracks the location of an area of interest in the environment, e.g., an area corresponding to the location of an object of interest, where images are being captured. Camera switches are recommend when the object of interest remains in the field of view of a current camera supplying content and the field of view of a camera to which a switch is to be made. Recommendations are made against camera switches which will result in a switch which will prevent a user from viewing the same object of interest before and after a camera switch. | 1. A method of operating a system, the method comprising:
performing a monitoring operation, said monitoring operation including at least one of:
i) determining a location of an object of interest in an environment; or
ii) tracking where at least one viewer is looking in said environment;
generating a camera switch recommendation based on information obtained by said monitoring operation; and presenting the camera switch recommendation to an operator of said system or automatically implementing the generated camera switch recommendation. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said monitoring operation includes determining the location of the object of interest, the method further comprising:
determining if the object of interest is in a field of view of a second camera in addition to being in a field of view of said first camera; and wherein generating the camera switch recommendation includes making a decision to recommend a switch to said second camera or a recommendation not to switch to said second camera based on whether the object of interest is determined to be in the field of view of the second camera in addition to being in the field of view of said first camera or is determined not be in the field of view of a second camera in addition to being in said field of view of said first camera. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein said monitoring operation further includes:
determining a direction of motion of the object of interest. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein generating the camera switch recommendation is further based on the direction of motion of the object of interest. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein generating the camera switch recommendation includes:
i) making a decision to recommend a switch to said second camera in response to determining that the object of interest is in the field of view of both said first and second cameras and is moving in a direction of motion out of said field of view of the first camera but which will remain in the field of view of the second camera upon exiting the field of view of the first camera; and ii) making a decision to recommend not to switch to said second camera in response to determining that the object of interest is in the field of view of both said first and second cameras and is moving in a direction of motion towards a main portion of the field of view of the first camera. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the method further includes:
automatically implementing the generated camera switch recommendation when said decision is a decision to recommend a switch to said second camera and the object of interest is about to move out of said field of view of the first camera but will remain in the field of view of the second camera upon exiting the field of view of the first camera. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the method includes presenting the camera switch recommendation to the operator of said system when said decision is a decision to recommend a switch to said second camera and the object of interest is not about to move out of said field of view of the first camera. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
deciding based on the proximity of the object of interest to an edge of the field of view of the first camera whether the object of interest is about to move out of the field of view of the first camera. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a camera switch control signal from an input device indicating a switch from said first camera to said second camera; in response to said camera switch control signal, checking if the object of interest is in the field of view of the second camera; and if it is determined that the object of interest is not in the field of view of the second camera, presenting a warning to the user of the system indicating that the object of interest is not in the field of view of the second camera and promoting the user of the system to confirm that the switch to the second camera should be implemented. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
if it is determined that the object of interest is in the field of view of the second camera, switching to the second camera without presenting said warning to the user of the system. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein said monitoring operation includes tracking where a plurality of viewers are looking in said environment, said at least one viewer being one of said plurality of viewers; and
wherein generating the camera switch recommendation includes making a decision to recommend a switch to said second camera or a decision not to recommend a switch to said second camera based on the direction in which a majority of monitored viewers are turning their head as determined from said tracking of where the viewers are looking in the environment. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
determining a number of monitored viewers turning their head in a direction towards a main portion of the second camera field of view or away from the main portion of the second camera field of view. 13. The method of claim 11,
wherein making the camera switch recommendation includes: i) making a decision to recommend a switch to said second camera in response to determining that the majority of monitored viewers are turning their head toward the main portion of the second camera field of view; and ii) making a decision not to recommend a switch to said second camera in response to determining that the majority of monitored viewers are turning their head away from the main portion of the second camera field of view. 14. A system comprising:
a receiver for receiving image content captured by at least first and second cameras in an environment; a control apparatus including a processor configured to:
perform a monitoring operation, said monitoring operation including at least one of:
i) determining a location of an object of interest in an environment; or
ii) tracking where at least one viewer is looking in said environment; and
generate a camera switch recommendation based on information obtained by said monitoring operation; and present the camera switch recommendation to an operator of said control apparatus or automatically implement the generated camera switch recommendation. 15. The system of claim 14,
wherein said processor is further configured, as part of said monitoring operation, to determine the location of the object of interest; and wherein said processor is further configured to determine if the object of interest is in a field of view of a second camera in addition to being in a field of view of said first camera; and wherein the processor is also further configured, as part of generating the camera switch recommendation, to make a decision to recommend a switch to said second camera or a recommendation not to switch to said second camera based on whether the object of interest is determined to be in the field of view of the second camera in addition to being in the field of view of said first camera or is determined not be in the field of view of a second camera in addition to being in said field of view of said first camera. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein said processor is further configured, as part of performing the monitoring operation, to:
determine a direction of motion of the object of interest. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein generating the camera switch recommendation is further based on the direction of motion of the object of interest. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the processor is further configured, as part of generating the camera switch recommendation, to:
i) make a decision to recommend a switch to said second camera in response to determining that the object of interest is in the field of view of both said first and second cameras and is moving in a direction of motion out of said field of view of the first camera but which will remain in the field of view of the second camera upon exiting the field of view of the first camera; and ii) make a decision to recommend not to switch to said second camera in response to determining that the object of interest is in the field of view of both said first and second cameras and is moving in a direction of motion towards a main portion of the field of view of the first camera. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the processor is further configured to:
automatically implement the generated camera switch recommendation when said decision is a decision to recommend a switch to said second camera and the object of interest is about to move out of said field of view of the first camera but will remain in the field of view of the second camera upon exiting the field of view of the first camera. 20. A non-transitory computer readable medium including computer executable instructions, which when executed by a processor of a system, control the system to perform the steps of:
performing a monitoring operation, said monitoring operation including at least one of:
i) determining a location of an object of interest in an environment; or
ii) tracking where at least one viewer is looking in said environment;
generating a camera switch recommendation based on information obtained by said monitoring operation; and presenting the camera switch recommendation to an operator of said system or automatically implementing the generated camera switch recommendation. | In order to reduce or minimize the effect of camera switching performed outside of user control in some embodiments an automated camera switching policy policing system is implemented. The policing system can make camera switch recommendations, automatically implement camera switches and/or take other actions. In some embodiments the automated policing system tracks the location of an area of interest in the environment, e.g., an area corresponding to the location of an object of interest, where images are being captured. Camera switches are recommend when the object of interest remains in the field of view of a current camera supplying content and the field of view of a camera to which a switch is to be made. Recommendations are made against camera switches which will result in a switch which will prevent a user from viewing the same object of interest before and after a camera switch.1. A method of operating a system, the method comprising:
performing a monitoring operation, said monitoring operation including at least one of:
i) determining a location of an object of interest in an environment; or
ii) tracking where at least one viewer is looking in said environment;
generating a camera switch recommendation based on information obtained by said monitoring operation; and presenting the camera switch recommendation to an operator of said system or automatically implementing the generated camera switch recommendation. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said monitoring operation includes determining the location of the object of interest, the method further comprising:
determining if the object of interest is in a field of view of a second camera in addition to being in a field of view of said first camera; and wherein generating the camera switch recommendation includes making a decision to recommend a switch to said second camera or a recommendation not to switch to said second camera based on whether the object of interest is determined to be in the field of view of the second camera in addition to being in the field of view of said first camera or is determined not be in the field of view of a second camera in addition to being in said field of view of said first camera. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein said monitoring operation further includes:
determining a direction of motion of the object of interest. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein generating the camera switch recommendation is further based on the direction of motion of the object of interest. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein generating the camera switch recommendation includes:
i) making a decision to recommend a switch to said second camera in response to determining that the object of interest is in the field of view of both said first and second cameras and is moving in a direction of motion out of said field of view of the first camera but which will remain in the field of view of the second camera upon exiting the field of view of the first camera; and ii) making a decision to recommend not to switch to said second camera in response to determining that the object of interest is in the field of view of both said first and second cameras and is moving in a direction of motion towards a main portion of the field of view of the first camera. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the method further includes:
automatically implementing the generated camera switch recommendation when said decision is a decision to recommend a switch to said second camera and the object of interest is about to move out of said field of view of the first camera but will remain in the field of view of the second camera upon exiting the field of view of the first camera. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the method includes presenting the camera switch recommendation to the operator of said system when said decision is a decision to recommend a switch to said second camera and the object of interest is not about to move out of said field of view of the first camera. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
deciding based on the proximity of the object of interest to an edge of the field of view of the first camera whether the object of interest is about to move out of the field of view of the first camera. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a camera switch control signal from an input device indicating a switch from said first camera to said second camera; in response to said camera switch control signal, checking if the object of interest is in the field of view of the second camera; and if it is determined that the object of interest is not in the field of view of the second camera, presenting a warning to the user of the system indicating that the object of interest is not in the field of view of the second camera and promoting the user of the system to confirm that the switch to the second camera should be implemented. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
if it is determined that the object of interest is in the field of view of the second camera, switching to the second camera without presenting said warning to the user of the system. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein said monitoring operation includes tracking where a plurality of viewers are looking in said environment, said at least one viewer being one of said plurality of viewers; and
wherein generating the camera switch recommendation includes making a decision to recommend a switch to said second camera or a decision not to recommend a switch to said second camera based on the direction in which a majority of monitored viewers are turning their head as determined from said tracking of where the viewers are looking in the environment. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
determining a number of monitored viewers turning their head in a direction towards a main portion of the second camera field of view or away from the main portion of the second camera field of view. 13. The method of claim 11,
wherein making the camera switch recommendation includes: i) making a decision to recommend a switch to said second camera in response to determining that the majority of monitored viewers are turning their head toward the main portion of the second camera field of view; and ii) making a decision not to recommend a switch to said second camera in response to determining that the majority of monitored viewers are turning their head away from the main portion of the second camera field of view. 14. A system comprising:
a receiver for receiving image content captured by at least first and second cameras in an environment; a control apparatus including a processor configured to:
perform a monitoring operation, said monitoring operation including at least one of:
i) determining a location of an object of interest in an environment; or
ii) tracking where at least one viewer is looking in said environment; and
generate a camera switch recommendation based on information obtained by said monitoring operation; and present the camera switch recommendation to an operator of said control apparatus or automatically implement the generated camera switch recommendation. 15. The system of claim 14,
wherein said processor is further configured, as part of said monitoring operation, to determine the location of the object of interest; and wherein said processor is further configured to determine if the object of interest is in a field of view of a second camera in addition to being in a field of view of said first camera; and wherein the processor is also further configured, as part of generating the camera switch recommendation, to make a decision to recommend a switch to said second camera or a recommendation not to switch to said second camera based on whether the object of interest is determined to be in the field of view of the second camera in addition to being in the field of view of said first camera or is determined not be in the field of view of a second camera in addition to being in said field of view of said first camera. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein said processor is further configured, as part of performing the monitoring operation, to:
determine a direction of motion of the object of interest. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein generating the camera switch recommendation is further based on the direction of motion of the object of interest. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the processor is further configured, as part of generating the camera switch recommendation, to:
i) make a decision to recommend a switch to said second camera in response to determining that the object of interest is in the field of view of both said first and second cameras and is moving in a direction of motion out of said field of view of the first camera but which will remain in the field of view of the second camera upon exiting the field of view of the first camera; and ii) make a decision to recommend not to switch to said second camera in response to determining that the object of interest is in the field of view of both said first and second cameras and is moving in a direction of motion towards a main portion of the field of view of the first camera. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the processor is further configured to:
automatically implement the generated camera switch recommendation when said decision is a decision to recommend a switch to said second camera and the object of interest is about to move out of said field of view of the first camera but will remain in the field of view of the second camera upon exiting the field of view of the first camera. 20. A non-transitory computer readable medium including computer executable instructions, which when executed by a processor of a system, control the system to perform the steps of:
performing a monitoring operation, said monitoring operation including at least one of:
i) determining a location of an object of interest in an environment; or
ii) tracking where at least one viewer is looking in said environment;
generating a camera switch recommendation based on information obtained by said monitoring operation; and presenting the camera switch recommendation to an operator of said system or automatically implementing the generated camera switch recommendation. | 2,400 |
9,513 | 9,513 | 16,277,833 | 2,476 | A signal interface unit for a distributed antenna system includes a channelized radio carrier interface configured to communicate an uplink channelized radio carrier for a radio frequency carrier to a channelized radio carrier base station interface; an antenna side interface configured to receive an uplink digitized radio frequency signal from the distributed antenna system communicatively coupled to the antenna side interface, wherein the uplink digitized radio frequency signal includes baseband data having bits; and a signal conversion module communicatively coupled between the channelized radio carrier interface and the antenna side interface and configured to convert between the uplink digitized radio frequency signal and the uplink channelized radio carrier at least in part by performing an adjustment of the bits included in the baseband data for the uplink digitized radio frequency signal received from the distributed antenna system to comply with requirements of the channelized radio carrier base station interface. | 1. A signal interface unit for a distributed antenna system, comprising:
a channelized radio carrier interface configured to communicate an uplink channelized radio carrier for a radio frequency carrier to a channelized radio carrier base station interface; an antenna side interface configured to receive an uplink digitized radio frequency signal from the distributed antenna system communicatively coupled to the antenna side interface, wherein the uplink digitized radio frequency signal includes baseband data having bits; and a signal conversion module communicatively coupled between the channelized radio carrier interface and the antenna side interface and configured to convert between the uplink digitized radio frequency signal and the uplink channelized radio carrier at least in part by performing an adjustment of the bits included in the baseband data for the uplink digitized radio frequency signal received from the distributed antenna system to comply with requirements of the channelized radio carrier base station interface. 2. The signal interface unit of claim 1, wherein the signal conversion module is further configured to convert between the uplink digitized radio frequency signal and the uplink channelized radio carrier by converting between two distinct framing structures. 3. The signal interface unit of claim 1, wherein the signal conversion module is further configured to convert between the uplink digitized radio frequency signal and the uplink channelized radio carrier by converting from a digitized representation of radio frequency spectrum into a baseband channelized representation of the radio frequency spectrum. 4. The signal interface unit of claim 1, wherein the channelized radio carrier interface is further configured to receive a downlink channelized radio carrier for a second radio frequency carrier from a channelized radio carrier base station interface;
wherein the antenna side interface is configured to communicate a downlink digitized radio frequency signal from the antenna side interface to the distributed antenna system, wherein the downlink digitized radio frequency signal includes second baseband data having second bits; and wherein the signal conversion module is further configured to convert between the downlink channelized radio carrier and the downlink digitized radio frequency signal at least in part by performing an adjustment of the second bits included in the second baseband data for the second downlink signal to comply with requirements of the channelized radio carrier base station interface. 5. A signal interface unit for an antenna system, comprising:
an external device interface configured to communicate a first uplink signal to an external device; an antenna side interface configured to receive a second uplink signal from an antenna unit communicatively coupled to the antenna side interface, wherein the second uplink signal includes baseband data having bits; a signal conversion module communicatively coupled between the external device interface and the antenna side interface and configured to convert between the second uplink signal and the first uplink signal at least in part by performing an adjustment of the bits included in the baseband data for the second uplink signal received from the antenna side interface to comply with requirements of the external device. 6. The signal interface unit of claim 5, wherein the signal conversion module is further configured to convert between the second uplink signal and the first uplink signal by converting between two distinct framing structures. 7. The signal interface unit of claim 5, wherein the signal conversion module is further configured to convert between the second uplink signal and the first uplink signal by converting from a digitized representation of radio frequency spectrum into a baseband channelized representation of the radio frequency spectrum. 8. The signal interface unit of claim 5, wherein the external device interface is a baseband signal interface unit. 9. The signal interface unit of claim 5, wherein the external device interface is at least one of a Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) external device interface, an Open Base Station Architecture Initiative (OBSAI) external device interface, and an Open Radio Interface (ORI) external device interface. 10. The signal interface unit of claim 5, wherein the antenna side interface is communicatively coupled to an antenna unit and receives the second uplink signals from the antenna unit; and
wherein the antenna unit converts received radio frequency signals from a subscriber unit to the second uplink signals. 11. The signal interface unit of claim 5, wherein the external device interface is further configured to receive a first downlink signal from an external device;
wherein the antenna side interface is configured to communicate a second downlink signal from the antenna side interface to the distributed antenna system, wherein the second downlink signal includes second baseband data having second bits; and wherein the signal conversion module is further configured to convert between the first downlink signal and the second downlink signal at least in part by performing an adjustment of the second bits included in the second baseband data for the second downlink signal to comply with requirements of the external device. 12. A method for making a distributed antenna system appear as a radio head in a digital radio system, comprising:
receiving an uplink digitized radio frequency signal for a radio frequency carrier from the distributed antenna system at a signal interface unit, wherein the uplink digitized radio frequency signal includes baseband data having bits; converting between the uplink digitized radio frequency signal and an uplink channelized radio carrier at least in part by performing an adjustment of the bits included in the uplink digitized radio frequency signal received from the distributed antenna system to comply with requirements of a channelized radio carrier base station interface communicatively coupled to the signal interface unit; communicating the uplink channelized radio carrier for the radio frequency carrier from the signal interface unit to the channelized radio carrier base station interface. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein converting between the uplink digitized radio frequency signal and the uplink channelized radio carrier further includes converting between two distinct framing structures. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein converting between the uplink digitized radio frequency signal and the uplink channelized radio carrier further includes converting from a digitized representation of radio frequency spectrum into a baseband channelized representation of the radio frequency spectrum. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the channelized radio carrier base station interface is part of a base band unit of a base station. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein the channelized radio carrier base station interface is at least one of a Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) base station interface, an Open Base Station Architecture Initiative (OBSAI) base station interface, and an Open Radio Interface (ORI) interface; and
wherein the uplink channelized radio carrier signal is formatted according to at least one of a Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) standard, an Open Base Station Architecture Initiative (OBSAI) standard, and an Open Radio Interface (ORI) standard. 17. The method of claim 12, further comprising receiving a downlink channelized radio carrier for a second radio frequency carrier from the channelized radio carrier base station interface at the channelized radio carrier interface;
communicating a downlink digitized radio frequency signal from the antenna side interface to the distributed antenna system, wherein the downlink digitized radio frequency signal includes second baseband data having second bits; and converting between the downlink channelized radio carrier and the downlink radio frequency signal at the signal conversion module at least in part by performing an adjustment of the second bits included in the second baseband data of the downlink digitized radio frequency signal to comply with requirements of the channelized radio carrier base station interface. 18. A method of conforming uplink signals to requirements of an external device, comprising:
receiving a first uplink signal from an antenna unit at an antenna side interface of a signal interface unit, wherein the first uplink signal includes baseband data having bits; converting between the first uplink signal and a second uplink signal at the signal interface unit at least in part by performing an adjustment of the bits included in the baseband data for the first uplink signal received from the antenna unit to comply with requirements of an external device communicatively coupled to the signal interface unit; and communicating the second uplink signal from an external device interface of the signal interface unit to the external device. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein converting between the first uplink signal and the second uplink signal at the signal interface unit further includes converting between two distinct framing structures. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein converting between the first uplink signal and the second uplink signal at the signal interface unit further includes converting from a digitized representation of radio frequency spectrum into a baseband channelized representation of the radio frequency spectrum. 21. The method of claim 18, wherein the external device interface is a baseband signal interface unit. 22. The method of claim 18, wherein the external device interface is at least one of a Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) external device interface, an Open Base Station Architecture Initiative (OBSAI) external device interface, and an Open Radio Interface (ORI) external device interface. 23. The method of claim 18, further comprising converting uplink radio frequency signals into the first uplink signals at the antenna unit. 24. The method of claim 18, further comprising receiving a first downlink signal from an external device;
communicating a second downlink signal from the antenna side interface to the distributed antenna system, wherein the second downlink signal includes second baseband data having second bits; and converting between the first downlink signal and the second downlink signal at the signal conversion module at least in part by performing an adjustment of the second bits included in the second baseband data for the second downlink signal to comply with requirements of the external device. | A signal interface unit for a distributed antenna system includes a channelized radio carrier interface configured to communicate an uplink channelized radio carrier for a radio frequency carrier to a channelized radio carrier base station interface; an antenna side interface configured to receive an uplink digitized radio frequency signal from the distributed antenna system communicatively coupled to the antenna side interface, wherein the uplink digitized radio frequency signal includes baseband data having bits; and a signal conversion module communicatively coupled between the channelized radio carrier interface and the antenna side interface and configured to convert between the uplink digitized radio frequency signal and the uplink channelized radio carrier at least in part by performing an adjustment of the bits included in the baseband data for the uplink digitized radio frequency signal received from the distributed antenna system to comply with requirements of the channelized radio carrier base station interface.1. A signal interface unit for a distributed antenna system, comprising:
a channelized radio carrier interface configured to communicate an uplink channelized radio carrier for a radio frequency carrier to a channelized radio carrier base station interface; an antenna side interface configured to receive an uplink digitized radio frequency signal from the distributed antenna system communicatively coupled to the antenna side interface, wherein the uplink digitized radio frequency signal includes baseband data having bits; and a signal conversion module communicatively coupled between the channelized radio carrier interface and the antenna side interface and configured to convert between the uplink digitized radio frequency signal and the uplink channelized radio carrier at least in part by performing an adjustment of the bits included in the baseband data for the uplink digitized radio frequency signal received from the distributed antenna system to comply with requirements of the channelized radio carrier base station interface. 2. The signal interface unit of claim 1, wherein the signal conversion module is further configured to convert between the uplink digitized radio frequency signal and the uplink channelized radio carrier by converting between two distinct framing structures. 3. The signal interface unit of claim 1, wherein the signal conversion module is further configured to convert between the uplink digitized radio frequency signal and the uplink channelized radio carrier by converting from a digitized representation of radio frequency spectrum into a baseband channelized representation of the radio frequency spectrum. 4. The signal interface unit of claim 1, wherein the channelized radio carrier interface is further configured to receive a downlink channelized radio carrier for a second radio frequency carrier from a channelized radio carrier base station interface;
wherein the antenna side interface is configured to communicate a downlink digitized radio frequency signal from the antenna side interface to the distributed antenna system, wherein the downlink digitized radio frequency signal includes second baseband data having second bits; and wherein the signal conversion module is further configured to convert between the downlink channelized radio carrier and the downlink digitized radio frequency signal at least in part by performing an adjustment of the second bits included in the second baseband data for the second downlink signal to comply with requirements of the channelized radio carrier base station interface. 5. A signal interface unit for an antenna system, comprising:
an external device interface configured to communicate a first uplink signal to an external device; an antenna side interface configured to receive a second uplink signal from an antenna unit communicatively coupled to the antenna side interface, wherein the second uplink signal includes baseband data having bits; a signal conversion module communicatively coupled between the external device interface and the antenna side interface and configured to convert between the second uplink signal and the first uplink signal at least in part by performing an adjustment of the bits included in the baseband data for the second uplink signal received from the antenna side interface to comply with requirements of the external device. 6. The signal interface unit of claim 5, wherein the signal conversion module is further configured to convert between the second uplink signal and the first uplink signal by converting between two distinct framing structures. 7. The signal interface unit of claim 5, wherein the signal conversion module is further configured to convert between the second uplink signal and the first uplink signal by converting from a digitized representation of radio frequency spectrum into a baseband channelized representation of the radio frequency spectrum. 8. The signal interface unit of claim 5, wherein the external device interface is a baseband signal interface unit. 9. The signal interface unit of claim 5, wherein the external device interface is at least one of a Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) external device interface, an Open Base Station Architecture Initiative (OBSAI) external device interface, and an Open Radio Interface (ORI) external device interface. 10. The signal interface unit of claim 5, wherein the antenna side interface is communicatively coupled to an antenna unit and receives the second uplink signals from the antenna unit; and
wherein the antenna unit converts received radio frequency signals from a subscriber unit to the second uplink signals. 11. The signal interface unit of claim 5, wherein the external device interface is further configured to receive a first downlink signal from an external device;
wherein the antenna side interface is configured to communicate a second downlink signal from the antenna side interface to the distributed antenna system, wherein the second downlink signal includes second baseband data having second bits; and wherein the signal conversion module is further configured to convert between the first downlink signal and the second downlink signal at least in part by performing an adjustment of the second bits included in the second baseband data for the second downlink signal to comply with requirements of the external device. 12. A method for making a distributed antenna system appear as a radio head in a digital radio system, comprising:
receiving an uplink digitized radio frequency signal for a radio frequency carrier from the distributed antenna system at a signal interface unit, wherein the uplink digitized radio frequency signal includes baseband data having bits; converting between the uplink digitized radio frequency signal and an uplink channelized radio carrier at least in part by performing an adjustment of the bits included in the uplink digitized radio frequency signal received from the distributed antenna system to comply with requirements of a channelized radio carrier base station interface communicatively coupled to the signal interface unit; communicating the uplink channelized radio carrier for the radio frequency carrier from the signal interface unit to the channelized radio carrier base station interface. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein converting between the uplink digitized radio frequency signal and the uplink channelized radio carrier further includes converting between two distinct framing structures. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein converting between the uplink digitized radio frequency signal and the uplink channelized radio carrier further includes converting from a digitized representation of radio frequency spectrum into a baseband channelized representation of the radio frequency spectrum. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the channelized radio carrier base station interface is part of a base band unit of a base station. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein the channelized radio carrier base station interface is at least one of a Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) base station interface, an Open Base Station Architecture Initiative (OBSAI) base station interface, and an Open Radio Interface (ORI) interface; and
wherein the uplink channelized radio carrier signal is formatted according to at least one of a Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) standard, an Open Base Station Architecture Initiative (OBSAI) standard, and an Open Radio Interface (ORI) standard. 17. The method of claim 12, further comprising receiving a downlink channelized radio carrier for a second radio frequency carrier from the channelized radio carrier base station interface at the channelized radio carrier interface;
communicating a downlink digitized radio frequency signal from the antenna side interface to the distributed antenna system, wherein the downlink digitized radio frequency signal includes second baseband data having second bits; and converting between the downlink channelized radio carrier and the downlink radio frequency signal at the signal conversion module at least in part by performing an adjustment of the second bits included in the second baseband data of the downlink digitized radio frequency signal to comply with requirements of the channelized radio carrier base station interface. 18. A method of conforming uplink signals to requirements of an external device, comprising:
receiving a first uplink signal from an antenna unit at an antenna side interface of a signal interface unit, wherein the first uplink signal includes baseband data having bits; converting between the first uplink signal and a second uplink signal at the signal interface unit at least in part by performing an adjustment of the bits included in the baseband data for the first uplink signal received from the antenna unit to comply with requirements of an external device communicatively coupled to the signal interface unit; and communicating the second uplink signal from an external device interface of the signal interface unit to the external device. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein converting between the first uplink signal and the second uplink signal at the signal interface unit further includes converting between two distinct framing structures. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein converting between the first uplink signal and the second uplink signal at the signal interface unit further includes converting from a digitized representation of radio frequency spectrum into a baseband channelized representation of the radio frequency spectrum. 21. The method of claim 18, wherein the external device interface is a baseband signal interface unit. 22. The method of claim 18, wherein the external device interface is at least one of a Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) external device interface, an Open Base Station Architecture Initiative (OBSAI) external device interface, and an Open Radio Interface (ORI) external device interface. 23. The method of claim 18, further comprising converting uplink radio frequency signals into the first uplink signals at the antenna unit. 24. The method of claim 18, further comprising receiving a first downlink signal from an external device;
communicating a second downlink signal from the antenna side interface to the distributed antenna system, wherein the second downlink signal includes second baseband data having second bits; and converting between the first downlink signal and the second downlink signal at the signal conversion module at least in part by performing an adjustment of the second bits included in the second baseband data for the second downlink signal to comply with requirements of the external device. | 2,400 |
9,514 | 9,514 | 15,534,905 | 2,412 | There is provided a method performed by a wireless node for determining when to use full duplex in the wireless node for communicating in a wireless communication network. The method comprises the step of estimating an influence on neighbouring wireless nodes of using full duplex in the wireless node. The method further comprises the step of deciding whether to use full duplex in the wireless node or not, based on the estimated influence. | 1. A method performed by a wireless base station for determining when to use full duplex in said wireless base station for communicating in a wireless communication network, wherein said method comprises the steps of:
estimating an influence on neighbouring wireless base stations of using full duplex in said wireless base station; and deciding whether to use full duplex in said wireless base station or not, based on said estimated influence. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said estimating an influence on neighbouring wireless base stations of using full duplex in said wireless base station is based on at least one of the following:
an estimated traffic load of said wireless base station; estimated traffic loads of said neighbouring wireless base stations; and estimated interference generated by said wireless base station in said neighbouring wireless base stations. 3. (canceled) 4. (canceled) 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein said deciding is performed for each scheduled subframe. 6. The method according to claim 2, wherein said estimated traffic load of said wireless base station is based on one of the following:
resource utilization in said wireless base station; and throughput of data traffic in said wireless base station. 7. The method according to claim 2, wherein said estimated traffic loads of said neighbouring wireless base stations is based on one of the following:
resource utilization in said neighbouring wireless base stations; and throughput of data traffic in said neighbouring wireless base stations. 8. The method according to claim 2, wherein said estimated interference generated by said wireless base station in said neighbouring wireless base stations is based on an estimation of channel gain between said wireless base station and said neighbouring wireless base stations. 9. (canceled) 10. A wireless base station configured to determine when to use full duplex in said wireless base station for communicating in a wireless communication network, wherein said wireless base station is configured to estimate an influence on neighbouring wireless base stations of using full duplex in said wireless base station; and
wherein said wireless base station is configured to decide whether to use full duplex in said wireless base station or not, based on said estimated influence. 11. The wireless base station of claim 10, wherein said wireless base station is configured to estimate said influence on neighbouring wireless base stations of using full duplex in said wireless base station, based on at least one of the following:
an estimated traffic load of said wireless base station; estimated traffic loads of neighbouring wireless base stations; and estimated interference generated by said wireless base station in said neighbouring wireless base stations. 12. (canceled) 13. (canceled) 14. The wireless base station of claim 10, wherein said wireless base station is configured to decide for each scheduled subframe whether to use full duplex in said wireless base station or not. 15. The wireless base station of claim 10, wherein said estimated traffic load of said wireless base station is based on one of the following:
resource utilization in said wireless base station; and throughput of data traffic in said wireless base station. 16. The wireless base station of claim 10, wherein said estimated traffic loads of said neighbouring wireless base stations is based on one of the following:
resource utilization in said neighbouring wireless base stations; and throughput of data traffic in said neighbouring wireless base stations. 17. The wireless base station of claim 10, wherein said estimated interference generated by said wireless base station in said neighbouring wireless base stations is based on an estimation of channel gain between said wireless base station and said neighbouring wireless base stations. 18-24. (canceled) 25. A method performed by a user equipment for determining when to use full duplex in said user equipment for communicating in a wireless communication network, wherein said method comprises the steps of:
estimating an influence on neighbouring user equipments of using full duplex in said user equipment; and deciding whether to use full duplex in said user equipment or not, based on said estimated influence. 26. The method according to claim 25, wherein said estimating an influence on neighbouring user equipments of using full duplex in said user equipment is based on at least one of the following:
an estimated traffic load of said user equipment; estimated traffic loads of said neighbouring user equipments; and estimated interference generated by said user equipment in said neighbouring user equipments. 27. (canceled) 28. (canceled) 29. The method according to claim 25, wherein said deciding is performed for each scheduled subframe. 30. The method according to claim 26, wherein said estimated traffic load of said user equipment is based on one of the following:
resource utilization in said user equipment; and throughput of data traffic in said user equipment. 31. The method according to claim 26, wherein said estimated traffic loads of said neighbouring user equipments is based on one of the following:
resource utilization in said neighbouring user equipments; and throughput of data traffic in said neighbouring user equipments. 32. The method according claim 26, wherein said estimated interference generated by said user equipment in said neighbouring user equipments is based on an estimation of channel gain between said user equipment and said neighbouring user equipments. 33. (canceled) 34. A user equipment configured to determine when to use full duplex in said user equipment for communicating in a wireless communication network, wherein said user equipment is configured to estimate an influence on neighbouring user equipments of using full duplex in said user equipment; and
wherein said user equipment is configured to decide whether to use full duplex in said user equipment or not, based on said estimated influence. 35. The user equipment of claim 34, wherein said user equipment is configured to estimate said influence on neighbouring user equipments of using full duplex in said user equipment, based on at least one of the following:
an estimated traffic load of said user equipment; estimated traffic loads of neighbouring user equipments; and estimated interference generated by said user equipment in said neighbouring user equipments. 36. (canceled) 37. (canceled) 38. The user equipment of claim 34, wherein said user equipment is configured to decide for each scheduled subframe whether to use full duplex in said user equipment or not. 39. The user equipment of claim 34, wherein said estimated traffic load of said user equipment is based on one of the following:
resource utilization in said user equipment; and throughput of data traffic in said user equipment. 40. The user equipment of claim 34, wherein said estimated traffic loads of said neighbouring user equipments is based on one of the following:
resource utilization in said neighbouring user equipments; and throughput of data traffic in said neighbouring user equipments. 41. The user equipment of claim 34, wherein said estimated interference generated by said user equipment in said neighbouring user equipments is based on an estimation of channel gain between said user equipment and said neighbouring user equipments. 42-48. (canceled) | There is provided a method performed by a wireless node for determining when to use full duplex in the wireless node for communicating in a wireless communication network. The method comprises the step of estimating an influence on neighbouring wireless nodes of using full duplex in the wireless node. The method further comprises the step of deciding whether to use full duplex in the wireless node or not, based on the estimated influence.1. A method performed by a wireless base station for determining when to use full duplex in said wireless base station for communicating in a wireless communication network, wherein said method comprises the steps of:
estimating an influence on neighbouring wireless base stations of using full duplex in said wireless base station; and deciding whether to use full duplex in said wireless base station or not, based on said estimated influence. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said estimating an influence on neighbouring wireless base stations of using full duplex in said wireless base station is based on at least one of the following:
an estimated traffic load of said wireless base station; estimated traffic loads of said neighbouring wireless base stations; and estimated interference generated by said wireless base station in said neighbouring wireless base stations. 3. (canceled) 4. (canceled) 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein said deciding is performed for each scheduled subframe. 6. The method according to claim 2, wherein said estimated traffic load of said wireless base station is based on one of the following:
resource utilization in said wireless base station; and throughput of data traffic in said wireless base station. 7. The method according to claim 2, wherein said estimated traffic loads of said neighbouring wireless base stations is based on one of the following:
resource utilization in said neighbouring wireless base stations; and throughput of data traffic in said neighbouring wireless base stations. 8. The method according to claim 2, wherein said estimated interference generated by said wireless base station in said neighbouring wireless base stations is based on an estimation of channel gain between said wireless base station and said neighbouring wireless base stations. 9. (canceled) 10. A wireless base station configured to determine when to use full duplex in said wireless base station for communicating in a wireless communication network, wherein said wireless base station is configured to estimate an influence on neighbouring wireless base stations of using full duplex in said wireless base station; and
wherein said wireless base station is configured to decide whether to use full duplex in said wireless base station or not, based on said estimated influence. 11. The wireless base station of claim 10, wherein said wireless base station is configured to estimate said influence on neighbouring wireless base stations of using full duplex in said wireless base station, based on at least one of the following:
an estimated traffic load of said wireless base station; estimated traffic loads of neighbouring wireless base stations; and estimated interference generated by said wireless base station in said neighbouring wireless base stations. 12. (canceled) 13. (canceled) 14. The wireless base station of claim 10, wherein said wireless base station is configured to decide for each scheduled subframe whether to use full duplex in said wireless base station or not. 15. The wireless base station of claim 10, wherein said estimated traffic load of said wireless base station is based on one of the following:
resource utilization in said wireless base station; and throughput of data traffic in said wireless base station. 16. The wireless base station of claim 10, wherein said estimated traffic loads of said neighbouring wireless base stations is based on one of the following:
resource utilization in said neighbouring wireless base stations; and throughput of data traffic in said neighbouring wireless base stations. 17. The wireless base station of claim 10, wherein said estimated interference generated by said wireless base station in said neighbouring wireless base stations is based on an estimation of channel gain between said wireless base station and said neighbouring wireless base stations. 18-24. (canceled) 25. A method performed by a user equipment for determining when to use full duplex in said user equipment for communicating in a wireless communication network, wherein said method comprises the steps of:
estimating an influence on neighbouring user equipments of using full duplex in said user equipment; and deciding whether to use full duplex in said user equipment or not, based on said estimated influence. 26. The method according to claim 25, wherein said estimating an influence on neighbouring user equipments of using full duplex in said user equipment is based on at least one of the following:
an estimated traffic load of said user equipment; estimated traffic loads of said neighbouring user equipments; and estimated interference generated by said user equipment in said neighbouring user equipments. 27. (canceled) 28. (canceled) 29. The method according to claim 25, wherein said deciding is performed for each scheduled subframe. 30. The method according to claim 26, wherein said estimated traffic load of said user equipment is based on one of the following:
resource utilization in said user equipment; and throughput of data traffic in said user equipment. 31. The method according to claim 26, wherein said estimated traffic loads of said neighbouring user equipments is based on one of the following:
resource utilization in said neighbouring user equipments; and throughput of data traffic in said neighbouring user equipments. 32. The method according claim 26, wherein said estimated interference generated by said user equipment in said neighbouring user equipments is based on an estimation of channel gain between said user equipment and said neighbouring user equipments. 33. (canceled) 34. A user equipment configured to determine when to use full duplex in said user equipment for communicating in a wireless communication network, wherein said user equipment is configured to estimate an influence on neighbouring user equipments of using full duplex in said user equipment; and
wherein said user equipment is configured to decide whether to use full duplex in said user equipment or not, based on said estimated influence. 35. The user equipment of claim 34, wherein said user equipment is configured to estimate said influence on neighbouring user equipments of using full duplex in said user equipment, based on at least one of the following:
an estimated traffic load of said user equipment; estimated traffic loads of neighbouring user equipments; and estimated interference generated by said user equipment in said neighbouring user equipments. 36. (canceled) 37. (canceled) 38. The user equipment of claim 34, wherein said user equipment is configured to decide for each scheduled subframe whether to use full duplex in said user equipment or not. 39. The user equipment of claim 34, wherein said estimated traffic load of said user equipment is based on one of the following:
resource utilization in said user equipment; and throughput of data traffic in said user equipment. 40. The user equipment of claim 34, wherein said estimated traffic loads of said neighbouring user equipments is based on one of the following:
resource utilization in said neighbouring user equipments; and throughput of data traffic in said neighbouring user equipments. 41. The user equipment of claim 34, wherein said estimated interference generated by said user equipment in said neighbouring user equipments is based on an estimation of channel gain between said user equipment and said neighbouring user equipments. 42-48. (canceled) | 2,400 |
9,515 | 9,515 | 16,083,418 | 2,421 | A method of identifying recommended media content items for a user comprises accessing media content item tokens for respective media content items available to the user; accessing a user preference token relating to the user; comparing the user preference token with the media content item tokens; and identifying the recommended media content items based on said comparison. | 1. A method of identifying recommended media content items for a user, the method comprising:
a. accessing media content item tokens for respective media content items available to the user; b. accessing a user preference token relating to the user; c. comparing the user preference token with the media content item tokens; and d. identifying the recommended media content items based on said comparison; wherein the media content item tokens each comprise a plurality of media content item attributes having corresponding attribute values, the user preference token comprises a plurality of user preference attributes each relating to a respective one of the media content item attributes, and the step of comparing involves comparing each of the attribute values of the media content item tokens with the corresponding attribute of the user preference token to calculate an affinity between each of the media content item tokens and the user preference token, the recommended media content items being identified based on their corresponding affinity. 2-3. (canceled) 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the media content item attributes include at least one content attribute having a value relating to content of the corresponding media content items. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the at least one content attribute value is determined by clustering the media content items based on associated content metadata. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the attributes include at least one consumption attribute having a value relating to consumption of the media content items. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the at least one consumption attribute value is determined by clustering the media content items based on common consumption by different users. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the at least one consumption attribute value is determined by clustering different users into user clusters based on similar consumption of a plurality of media content items including said corresponding media content item, and determining the at least one consumption attribute value from the cluster or clusters having the highest number of users that have consumed the corresponding media content item. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the attributes has a value manually set by a system operator. 10. The method of claim 1, including presenting the recommended media content items to the user for consumption. 11. The method of claim 1, including storing the recommended media content items for consumption by the user. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the user is associated with a local device for displaying content to the user, and at least the comparing and identifying steps are performed at the local device. 13. An apparatus arranged to perform the method of claim 1. 14. A computer program product comprising program code means arranged to perform the following steps when executed by a suitably arranged computer system:
a. access media content item tokens for respective media content items available to the user; b. access a user preference token relating to the user; c. compare the user preference token with the media content item tokens; and d. identify the recommended media content items based on said comparison; wherein the media content item tokens each comprise a plurality of media content item attributes having corresponding attribute values, the user preference token comprises a plurality of user preference attributes each relating to a respective one of the media content item attributes, and the step of comparing involves comparing each of the attribute values of the media content item tokens with the corresponding attribute of the user preference token to calculate an affinity between each of the media content item tokens and the user preference token, the recommended media content items being identified based on their corresponding affinity. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the user preference token comprises, for each user preference attribute, a set of affinity values corresponding to each possible attribute value of the corresponding media content item attribute, and the step of comparing involves identifying the affinity value of each user preference attribute that corresponds to the attribute value of the corresponding media content item attribute. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the identified affinity values of each user preference attribute are combined to give an overall affinity value. | A method of identifying recommended media content items for a user comprises accessing media content item tokens for respective media content items available to the user; accessing a user preference token relating to the user; comparing the user preference token with the media content item tokens; and identifying the recommended media content items based on said comparison.1. A method of identifying recommended media content items for a user, the method comprising:
a. accessing media content item tokens for respective media content items available to the user; b. accessing a user preference token relating to the user; c. comparing the user preference token with the media content item tokens; and d. identifying the recommended media content items based on said comparison; wherein the media content item tokens each comprise a plurality of media content item attributes having corresponding attribute values, the user preference token comprises a plurality of user preference attributes each relating to a respective one of the media content item attributes, and the step of comparing involves comparing each of the attribute values of the media content item tokens with the corresponding attribute of the user preference token to calculate an affinity between each of the media content item tokens and the user preference token, the recommended media content items being identified based on their corresponding affinity. 2-3. (canceled) 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the media content item attributes include at least one content attribute having a value relating to content of the corresponding media content items. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the at least one content attribute value is determined by clustering the media content items based on associated content metadata. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the attributes include at least one consumption attribute having a value relating to consumption of the media content items. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the at least one consumption attribute value is determined by clustering the media content items based on common consumption by different users. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the at least one consumption attribute value is determined by clustering different users into user clusters based on similar consumption of a plurality of media content items including said corresponding media content item, and determining the at least one consumption attribute value from the cluster or clusters having the highest number of users that have consumed the corresponding media content item. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the attributes has a value manually set by a system operator. 10. The method of claim 1, including presenting the recommended media content items to the user for consumption. 11. The method of claim 1, including storing the recommended media content items for consumption by the user. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the user is associated with a local device for displaying content to the user, and at least the comparing and identifying steps are performed at the local device. 13. An apparatus arranged to perform the method of claim 1. 14. A computer program product comprising program code means arranged to perform the following steps when executed by a suitably arranged computer system:
a. access media content item tokens for respective media content items available to the user; b. access a user preference token relating to the user; c. compare the user preference token with the media content item tokens; and d. identify the recommended media content items based on said comparison; wherein the media content item tokens each comprise a plurality of media content item attributes having corresponding attribute values, the user preference token comprises a plurality of user preference attributes each relating to a respective one of the media content item attributes, and the step of comparing involves comparing each of the attribute values of the media content item tokens with the corresponding attribute of the user preference token to calculate an affinity between each of the media content item tokens and the user preference token, the recommended media content items being identified based on their corresponding affinity. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the user preference token comprises, for each user preference attribute, a set of affinity values corresponding to each possible attribute value of the corresponding media content item attribute, and the step of comparing involves identifying the affinity value of each user preference attribute that corresponds to the attribute value of the corresponding media content item attribute. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the identified affinity values of each user preference attribute are combined to give an overall affinity value. | 2,400 |
9,516 | 9,516 | 15,271,679 | 2,483 | An endoscope imager includes a system-in-package and a specularly reflective surface. The system-in-package includes (a) a camera module having an imaging lens with an optical axis and (b) an illumination unit. The system-in-package includes (a) a camera module having an imaging lens with an optical axis and (b) an illumination unit configured to emit illumination propagating in a direction away from the imaging lens, the direction having a component parallel to the optical axis. The specularly reflective surface faces the imaging lens and forming an oblique angle with the optical axis, to deflect the illumination toward a scene and deflect light from the scene toward the camera module. | 1. An endoscope imager comprising:
a system-in-package including (a) a camera module having an imaging lens with an optical axis and (b) an illumination unit configured to emit illumination propagating in a direction away from the imaging lens, the direction having a component parallel to the optical axis; and a specularly reflective surface facing the imaging lens and forming an oblique angle with the optical axis, to deflect the illumination toward a scene and deflect light from the scene toward the camera module. 2. The endoscope imager of claim 1, the system-in-package further including an integrated circuit package, both the camera module and the illumination unit being mechanically and electrically connected thereto. 3. The endoscope imager of claim 1, the specularly reflective surface being the most proximate material interface to the camera module along the optical axis. 4. The endoscope imager of claim 1, the specularly reflective surface being a surface of a polarizing beamsplitter. 5. The endoscope imager of claim 4, the illumination unit being adapted to nonsimultaneously output (a) first light having a first polarization state and (b) second light having a second polarization state that is orthogonal to the first polarization state. 6. The endoscope imager of claim 5, the illumination unit comprising a light source and, between the light source and the polarizing beamsplitter, a polarizer and a polarization rotator, to nonsimultaneously generate the first light and the second light. 7. The endoscope imager of claim 5, the illumination unit comprising two light sources to generate the first light and the second light, respectively. 8. The endoscope imager of claim 1, the camera module and the illumination unit being compatible with a surface-mount technology reflow soldering process. 9. The endoscope imager of claim 1, the oblique angle being between forty and fifty degrees. 10. The endoscope imager of claim 1, a minimum distance between an edge of the camera module and an edge of the illumination unit in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis being less than 0.5 millimeters. 11. The endoscope imager of claim 1, a maximum distance between an edge of the camera module and an edge of the illumination unit in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis being less than 3.3 millimeters. 12. An endoscope comprising an enclosure and, located therein, the endoscope imager of claim 1. 13. An endoscope imager comprising:
a camera module having an imaging lens with an optical axis; an illumination unit (a) mounted on a substrate top surface that is substantially parallel to the optical axis, and (b) configured to emit illumination propagating substantially orthogonally to the optical axis, to illuminate a scene in the camera module's field of view; and a specularly reflective surface facing the imaging lens and forming an oblique angle with the optical axis, to deflect light from the scene toward the camera module, the illumination unit being between the specularly reflective surface and the camera module, in dimension parallel to the optical axis. 14. The endoscope imager of claim 13, the specularly reflective surface being the most proximate material interface to the camera module along the optical axis. 15. The endoscope imager of claim 13, the camera module and the illumination unit being compatible with a surface-mount technology reflow soldering process. 16. The endoscope imager of claim 13, the oblique angle being between forty and fifty degrees. 17. The endoscope imager of claim 13, a distance between a side surface the camera module and a plane containing a top surface of the illumination unit, in a first direction perpendicular to the optical axis, being less than half a width of the camera module in the first direction. 18. A endoscopic imaging method comprising:
generating, within an endoscope enclosure, a first source illumination propagating toward a distal end of the endoscope enclosure; deflecting the first source illumination such that it exits a side viewing port of the endoscope enclosure and propagates toward a first scene; and deflecting light propagating from the first scene and entering the endoscope enclosure through the side viewing port such that it is incident on a camera within the endoscope enclosure. 19. The method of claim 18, the first source illumination having a first polarization and being generated by an illumination unit inside the endoscope enclosure, and further comprising:
switching the polarization state of light emitted by illumination unit such that it outputs a second source illumination having a polarization orthogonal to the first polarization and propagating toward a distal end of the endoscope enclosure; transmitting the second source illumination through a distal-end viewing port of the endoscope enclosure such that it propagates toward a second scene; and transmitting light propagating from the second scene and entering the endoscope enclosure through the distal-viewing port such that it is incident on the camera. | An endoscope imager includes a system-in-package and a specularly reflective surface. The system-in-package includes (a) a camera module having an imaging lens with an optical axis and (b) an illumination unit. The system-in-package includes (a) a camera module having an imaging lens with an optical axis and (b) an illumination unit configured to emit illumination propagating in a direction away from the imaging lens, the direction having a component parallel to the optical axis. The specularly reflective surface faces the imaging lens and forming an oblique angle with the optical axis, to deflect the illumination toward a scene and deflect light from the scene toward the camera module.1. An endoscope imager comprising:
a system-in-package including (a) a camera module having an imaging lens with an optical axis and (b) an illumination unit configured to emit illumination propagating in a direction away from the imaging lens, the direction having a component parallel to the optical axis; and a specularly reflective surface facing the imaging lens and forming an oblique angle with the optical axis, to deflect the illumination toward a scene and deflect light from the scene toward the camera module. 2. The endoscope imager of claim 1, the system-in-package further including an integrated circuit package, both the camera module and the illumination unit being mechanically and electrically connected thereto. 3. The endoscope imager of claim 1, the specularly reflective surface being the most proximate material interface to the camera module along the optical axis. 4. The endoscope imager of claim 1, the specularly reflective surface being a surface of a polarizing beamsplitter. 5. The endoscope imager of claim 4, the illumination unit being adapted to nonsimultaneously output (a) first light having a first polarization state and (b) second light having a second polarization state that is orthogonal to the first polarization state. 6. The endoscope imager of claim 5, the illumination unit comprising a light source and, between the light source and the polarizing beamsplitter, a polarizer and a polarization rotator, to nonsimultaneously generate the first light and the second light. 7. The endoscope imager of claim 5, the illumination unit comprising two light sources to generate the first light and the second light, respectively. 8. The endoscope imager of claim 1, the camera module and the illumination unit being compatible with a surface-mount technology reflow soldering process. 9. The endoscope imager of claim 1, the oblique angle being between forty and fifty degrees. 10. The endoscope imager of claim 1, a minimum distance between an edge of the camera module and an edge of the illumination unit in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis being less than 0.5 millimeters. 11. The endoscope imager of claim 1, a maximum distance between an edge of the camera module and an edge of the illumination unit in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis being less than 3.3 millimeters. 12. An endoscope comprising an enclosure and, located therein, the endoscope imager of claim 1. 13. An endoscope imager comprising:
a camera module having an imaging lens with an optical axis; an illumination unit (a) mounted on a substrate top surface that is substantially parallel to the optical axis, and (b) configured to emit illumination propagating substantially orthogonally to the optical axis, to illuminate a scene in the camera module's field of view; and a specularly reflective surface facing the imaging lens and forming an oblique angle with the optical axis, to deflect light from the scene toward the camera module, the illumination unit being between the specularly reflective surface and the camera module, in dimension parallel to the optical axis. 14. The endoscope imager of claim 13, the specularly reflective surface being the most proximate material interface to the camera module along the optical axis. 15. The endoscope imager of claim 13, the camera module and the illumination unit being compatible with a surface-mount technology reflow soldering process. 16. The endoscope imager of claim 13, the oblique angle being between forty and fifty degrees. 17. The endoscope imager of claim 13, a distance between a side surface the camera module and a plane containing a top surface of the illumination unit, in a first direction perpendicular to the optical axis, being less than half a width of the camera module in the first direction. 18. A endoscopic imaging method comprising:
generating, within an endoscope enclosure, a first source illumination propagating toward a distal end of the endoscope enclosure; deflecting the first source illumination such that it exits a side viewing port of the endoscope enclosure and propagates toward a first scene; and deflecting light propagating from the first scene and entering the endoscope enclosure through the side viewing port such that it is incident on a camera within the endoscope enclosure. 19. The method of claim 18, the first source illumination having a first polarization and being generated by an illumination unit inside the endoscope enclosure, and further comprising:
switching the polarization state of light emitted by illumination unit such that it outputs a second source illumination having a polarization orthogonal to the first polarization and propagating toward a distal end of the endoscope enclosure; transmitting the second source illumination through a distal-end viewing port of the endoscope enclosure such that it propagates toward a second scene; and transmitting light propagating from the second scene and entering the endoscope enclosure through the distal-viewing port such that it is incident on the camera. | 2,400 |
9,517 | 9,517 | 15,682,004 | 2,488 | A system to perform processing operations of input (video) streams, including is disclosed. The system consists of an input module, a stream type detection engine, a plurality of processing resources a resource monitoring engine, an attribution module, a dispatching module, and various other optional interface modules. | 1. A security system video monitoring workstation for processing and displaying a large number of streams of encoded or compressed video, the workstation comprising:
a multi-core CPU; a data network interface; a display control device comprising at least one GPU having multiple hardware cores configured for video decoding multiple video streams; memory storing instances of a GPU codec driver executable by said CPU and each configured to send one of said streams of encoded or compressed video to said at least one GPU with instructions to decode said one of said streams and to display said one of said streams in a predetermined tile of a display; memory storing instances of at least one video codec program module executable by said CPU and configured to decode a format of encoded or compressed video and to send decoded video image data to said at least one GPU for scaling and output in a predetermined tile of a display; memory storing a stream receiving and dispatching program module executable by said CPU and configured to receive said large number of streams of encoded or compressed video from said data network interface and to selectively relay each one of said streams to either one of said GPU codec driver instances or to one of said video codec program module instances; and memory storing a control program module executable by said CPU and configured to detect a processing error or failure of one of said GPU codec driver instances handling a given one of said streams and, in response to said error or failure, cause said stream receiving and dispatching program module to relay said given one of said streams to one of said video codec program module instances with instruction to display said given one of said streams in a same predetermined tile of said display. 2. The workstation as defined in claim 1, wherein said stream receiving and dispatching program module is configured to handle more than 15 video streams from said data network interface. 3. The workstation as defined in claim 1, wherein said stream receiving and dispatching program module is configured to handle more than 24 video streams from said data network interface. 4. The workstation as defined in claim 1, wherein said stream receiving and dispatching program module is further configured to detect a format of said streams and to determine based on the format whether each one of said streams should be initially relayed to said one of said GPU codec driver instances or to said one of said video codec program module instances. 5. A method for processing and displaying a large number of streams of encoded or compressed video in a security system, the method comprising:
receiving a large number of streams of encoded or compressed video from a data network interface; relaying each one of said streams to either one of a plurality of GPU codec driver instances or to one of a plurality of video codec program module instances executed in a CPU; displaying decoded video streams from both said plurality of GPU codec driver instances and said plurality of video codec program module instances in tiles of a display; and detecting a processing error or failure of one of said GPU codec driver instances handling a given one of said streams and, in response to said error or failure, relaying said given one of said streams to one of said video codec program module instances with instruction to display said given one of said streams in a same predetermined tile of said display. 6. The method as defined in claim 5, wherein said receiving comprises receiving more than 15 video streams. 7. The method as defined in claim 5, wherein said receiving comprises receiving more than 24 video streams. 8. The method as defined in claim 5, further comprising detecting a format of said streams and determining based on the format whether each one of said streams should be initially relayed to said one of said GPU codec driver instances or to said one of said video codec program module instances. 9. The method as defined in claim 5, wherein said relaying comprises initially relaying all streams able to be processed by a GPU codec to one of said plurality of GPU codec driver instances. | A system to perform processing operations of input (video) streams, including is disclosed. The system consists of an input module, a stream type detection engine, a plurality of processing resources a resource monitoring engine, an attribution module, a dispatching module, and various other optional interface modules.1. A security system video monitoring workstation for processing and displaying a large number of streams of encoded or compressed video, the workstation comprising:
a multi-core CPU; a data network interface; a display control device comprising at least one GPU having multiple hardware cores configured for video decoding multiple video streams; memory storing instances of a GPU codec driver executable by said CPU and each configured to send one of said streams of encoded or compressed video to said at least one GPU with instructions to decode said one of said streams and to display said one of said streams in a predetermined tile of a display; memory storing instances of at least one video codec program module executable by said CPU and configured to decode a format of encoded or compressed video and to send decoded video image data to said at least one GPU for scaling and output in a predetermined tile of a display; memory storing a stream receiving and dispatching program module executable by said CPU and configured to receive said large number of streams of encoded or compressed video from said data network interface and to selectively relay each one of said streams to either one of said GPU codec driver instances or to one of said video codec program module instances; and memory storing a control program module executable by said CPU and configured to detect a processing error or failure of one of said GPU codec driver instances handling a given one of said streams and, in response to said error or failure, cause said stream receiving and dispatching program module to relay said given one of said streams to one of said video codec program module instances with instruction to display said given one of said streams in a same predetermined tile of said display. 2. The workstation as defined in claim 1, wherein said stream receiving and dispatching program module is configured to handle more than 15 video streams from said data network interface. 3. The workstation as defined in claim 1, wherein said stream receiving and dispatching program module is configured to handle more than 24 video streams from said data network interface. 4. The workstation as defined in claim 1, wherein said stream receiving and dispatching program module is further configured to detect a format of said streams and to determine based on the format whether each one of said streams should be initially relayed to said one of said GPU codec driver instances or to said one of said video codec program module instances. 5. A method for processing and displaying a large number of streams of encoded or compressed video in a security system, the method comprising:
receiving a large number of streams of encoded or compressed video from a data network interface; relaying each one of said streams to either one of a plurality of GPU codec driver instances or to one of a plurality of video codec program module instances executed in a CPU; displaying decoded video streams from both said plurality of GPU codec driver instances and said plurality of video codec program module instances in tiles of a display; and detecting a processing error or failure of one of said GPU codec driver instances handling a given one of said streams and, in response to said error or failure, relaying said given one of said streams to one of said video codec program module instances with instruction to display said given one of said streams in a same predetermined tile of said display. 6. The method as defined in claim 5, wherein said receiving comprises receiving more than 15 video streams. 7. The method as defined in claim 5, wherein said receiving comprises receiving more than 24 video streams. 8. The method as defined in claim 5, further comprising detecting a format of said streams and determining based on the format whether each one of said streams should be initially relayed to said one of said GPU codec driver instances or to said one of said video codec program module instances. 9. The method as defined in claim 5, wherein said relaying comprises initially relaying all streams able to be processed by a GPU codec to one of said plurality of GPU codec driver instances. | 2,400 |
9,518 | 9,518 | 16,960,430 | 2,413 | Disclosed is a method and access management entity for selecting a session management (SM) entity for serving a wireless communication device (WCD) in a core network that comprises an access management entity serving the WCD and an anchor SM entity that controls a first user plane entity that handles a data session associated with the WCD in a first domain, and a second SM entity for controlling a second user plane entity in a second domain of the core network. The method is performed by the access management entity and comprises selecting—based on WCD information and SM domain information—the second SM entity as an additional intermediate SM entity to control a user plane entity in the second domain for handling the data session in the second domain; requesting the second SM entity to act as the additional intermediate SM; and receiving a session response message. | 1. A method of selecting a session management, SM, entity for serving a wireless communication device, WCD, in a core network that comprises an access management entity serving the WCD and an anchor SM entity that controls a first user plane entity that handles a data session associated with the WCD in a first domain, and a second SM entity for controlling a second user plane entity in a second domain of the core network; the method is performed by the access management entity and comprises:
selecting, based on WCD information indicating properties of the WCD and based on SM domain information at least indicating the user plane entities that are controlled by the first SM entity and the second SM entity respectively, the second SM entity as an additional intermediate SM entity to control a user plane entity in the second domain for handling the data session in the second domain; sending, towards the second SM entity, a session request message requesting the second SM entity to act as the additional intermediate SM by allocating resources for handling the data session in the second domain; and receiving, in response to the session request message, a session response message indicating that the second SM entity has accepted to act as the additional intermediate SM entity. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the selecting comprises:
sending a discovery request message towards a Network Repository Function, NRF, entity requesting at least one of: the SM domain information; or an intermediate SM entity to control a user plane entity for handling the PDU session in the second domain; and receiving a discovery response message sent by the NRF entity, which response message comprises information indicating at least one of: the SM domain information; or information indicating a selected intermediate SM entity to control a user plane entity for handling the PDU session in the second domain. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first domain and the second domain correspond to a first administrative domain and a second administrative domain respectively in a public land mobile network, PLMN, or to an enterprise network and an general network respectively, or to a central network and a local network respectively. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the first user plane entity has an interface towards a data network, DN, for communicating data between the WCD and the DN; and the second user plane entity has an interface towards a Radio Access Network, RAN, that serves the WCD. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the first SM entity is an anchor Session Management Function, A-SMF, entity and the first user plane entity is an User Plane Function, UPF, entity that has an N6 interface towards a data network, DN, for communicating data between the WCD and the DN; and the second session management entity is an intermediate Session Management Function, I-SMF, entity and the second user plane entity is an UPF entity that has an N3 interface towards a Radio Access Network, RAN, that serves the WCD. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the session request message indicates that the second SM entity shall allocate resources by at least one of: selecting a user plane entity for handling the data session in the second domain; or allocating a data session context for handling the data session in the second domain. 7. A method of selecting a session management, SM, entity for serving a wireless communication device, WCD, in a core network that comprises an access management entity serving the WCD and an anchor SM entity that controls a first user plane entity that handles a data session associated with the WCD in a first domain, and a second SM entity for controlling a second user plane entity in a second domain of the core network; the method is performed by the anchor SM entity and comprises:
receiving a session request message sent by the access management entity, which message indicates that an additional intermediate SM entity is needed to control a user plane entity in the second domain for handling the data session in the second domain; selecting, based on WCD information indicating properties of the WCD and based on SM domain information at least indicating the user plane entities that are controlled by the first SM entity and the second SM entity respectively, the second SM entity as the additional intermediate SM entity to control a user plane entity in the second domain for handling the data session in the second domain; and sending, towards the access management entity, a session response message indicating that the second SM entity shall be requested to act as the additional intermediate SM by allocating resources for handling the data session in the second domain. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the selecting comprises:
sending a discovery request message towards a Network Repository Function, NRF, entity requesting at least one of: the SM domain information; or an intermediate SM entity to control a user plane entity for handling the PDU session in the second domain; and receiving a discovery response message sent by the NRF entity, which response message comprises information indicating at least one of: the SM domain information; or information indicating a selected intermediate SM entity to control a user plane entity for handling the PDU session in the second domain. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the first domain and the second domain correspond to a first administrative domain and a second administrative domain respectively in a public land mobile network, PLMN, or to an enterprise network and an general network respectively, or to a central network and a local network respectively. 10. The method according to claim 7, wherein:
the first user plane entity has an interface towards a data network, DN, for communicating data between the WCD and the DN; and the second user plane entity has an interface towards a Radio Access Network, RAN, that serves the WCD. 11. The method according to claim 7, wherein:
the first SM entity is an anchor Session Management Function, A-SMF, entity and the first user plane entity is an User Plane Function, UPF, entity that has an N6 interface towards a data network, DN, for communicating data between the WCD and the DN; and the second SM entity is an intermediate Session Management Function, I-SMF, entity and the second user plane entity is an UPF entity that has an N3 interface towards a Radio Access Network, RAN, that serves the WCD. 12. The method according to claim 7, wherein the session response message indicates that the second SM entity shall allocate resources by at least one of: selecting a user plane entity for handling the data session in the second domain; or allocating a data session context for handling the data session in the second domain. 13. A method of selecting a session management, SM, entity for serving a wireless communication device, WCD, in a core network that comprises an access management entity serving the WCD and an anchor SM entity that controls a first user plane entity that handles a data session associated with the WCD in a first domain, and a second SM entity for controlling a second user plane entity in a second domain of the core network; the method is performed by the anchor SM entity and comprises:
receiving a session request message sent by the access management entity, which message indicates that an additional intermediate SM entity is needed to control a user plane entity in the second domain for handling the data session in the second domain; selecting, based on WCD information indicating properties of the WCD and based on SM domain information at least indicating the user plane entities that are controlled by the first SM entity and the second SM entity respectively, the second SM entity as the additional intermediate SM entity to control a user plane entity in the second domain for handling the data session in the second domain; sending, towards the second SM entity, a session request message requesting the second SM entity to act as the additional intermediate SM by allocating resources for handling the data session in the second domain; and receiving, in response to the session request message, a session response message indicating that the second SM entity has accepted to act as the intermediate SM entity. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the selecting comprises:
sending a discovery request message towards a Network Repository Function, NRF, entity requesting at least one of: the SM domain information; or an intermediate SM entity to control a user plane entity for handling the PDU session in the second domain; and receiving a discovery response message sent by the NRF entity, which response message comprises information indicating at least one of: the SM domain information; or information indicating a selected intermediate SM entity to control a user plane entity for handling the PDU session in the second domain. 15. The method according to claim 13, wherein the first domain and the second domain correspond to a first administrative domain and a second administrative domain respectively in a public land mobile network, PLMN, or to an enterprise network and an general network respectively, or to a central network and a local network respectively. 16. The method according to claim 13, wherein:
the first user plane entity has an interface towards a data network, DN, for communicating data between the WCD and the DN; and the second user plane entity has an interface towards a Radio Access Network, RAN, that serves the WCD. 17. The method according to claim 13, wherein:
the first SM entity is an anchor Session Management Function, A-SMF, entity and the first user plane entity is an User Plane Function, UPF, entity that has an N6 interface towards a data network, DN, for communicating data between the WCD and the DN; and the second SM entity is an intermediate Session Management Function, I-SMF, entity and the second user plane entity is an UPF entity that has an N3 interface towards a Radio Access Network, RAN, that serves the WCD. 18. The method according to claim 13, wherein the session response message indicates that the second SM entity shall allocate resources by at least one of: selecting a user plane entity for handling the data session in the second domain; or allocating a data session context for handling the data session in the second domain. 19. An Access Management, AM, entity configured to operatively select a session management, SM, entity for serving a wireless communication device, WCD, in a core network that comprises the AM entity for serving the WCD, and the anchor SM entity to control a first user plane entity for handling a data session associated with the WCD in a first domain, and a second SM entity to control a second user plane entity in a second domain of the core network; the AM entity comprises at least one processor and memory comprising instructions executable by the at least one processor whereby the AM entity is operable to:
select, based on WCD information indicating properties of the WCD and based on SM domain information at least indicating the user plane entities that are controlled by the first SM entity and the second SM entity respectively, the second SM entity as an additional intermediate SM entity to control a user plane entity in the second domain for handling the data session in the second domain; send, towards the second SM entity, a session request message requesting the second SM entity to act as the additional intermediate SM by allocating resources for handling the data session in the second domain; and receive, in response to the session request message, a session response message indicating that the second SM entity has accepted to act as the additional intermediate SM entity. 20. An anchor Session Management, A-SM, entity configured to operatively select a session management, SM, entity for serving a wireless communication device, WCD, in a core network that comprises an access management entity for serving the WCD, and the anchor SM entity to control a first user plane entity for handling a data session associated with the WCD in a first domain, and a second SM entity to control a second user plane entity in a second domain of the core network; the A-SM entity comprises at least one processor and memory comprising instructions executable by the at least one processor whereby the AM entity is operable to:
receive a session request message sent by the access management entity, which message indicates that an additional intermediate SM entity is needed to control a user plane entity in the second domain for handling the data session in the second domain; select, based on WCD information indicating properties of the WCD and based on SM domain information at least indicating the user plane entities that are controlled by the first SM entity and the second SM entity respectively, the second SM entity as the additional intermediate SM entity to control a user plane entity in the second domain for handling the data session in the second domain; and send, towards the access management entity, a session response message indicating that the second SM entity shall be requested to act as the additional intermediate SM by allocating resources for handling the data session in the second domain. 21. An anchor Session Management, A-SM, entity configured to operatively select a session management, SM, entity for serving a wireless communication device, WCD, in a core network that comprises an access management entity for serving the WCD, and the anchor SM entity to control a first user plane entity to handle a data session associated with the WCD in a first domain, and a second SM entity to control a second user plane entity in a second domain of the core network; the A-SM entity comprises at least one processor and memory comprising instructions executable by the at least one processor whereby the AM entity is operable to:
receive a session request message sent by the access management entity, which message indicates that an additional intermediate SM entity is needed to control a user plane entity in the second domain for handling the data session in the second domain; select, based on WCD information indicating properties of the WCD and based on SM domain information at least indicating the user plane entities that are controlled by the first SM entity and the second SM entity respectively, the second SM entity as the additional intermediate SM entity to control a user plane entity in the second domain for handling the data session in the second domain; send, towards the second SM entity, a session request message requesting the second SM entity to act as the additional intermediate SM and allocate resources for handling the data session in the second domain; and receive, in response to the session request message, a session response message indicating that the second SM entity has accepted to act as the intermediate SM entity. | Disclosed is a method and access management entity for selecting a session management (SM) entity for serving a wireless communication device (WCD) in a core network that comprises an access management entity serving the WCD and an anchor SM entity that controls a first user plane entity that handles a data session associated with the WCD in a first domain, and a second SM entity for controlling a second user plane entity in a second domain of the core network. The method is performed by the access management entity and comprises selecting—based on WCD information and SM domain information—the second SM entity as an additional intermediate SM entity to control a user plane entity in the second domain for handling the data session in the second domain; requesting the second SM entity to act as the additional intermediate SM; and receiving a session response message.1. A method of selecting a session management, SM, entity for serving a wireless communication device, WCD, in a core network that comprises an access management entity serving the WCD and an anchor SM entity that controls a first user plane entity that handles a data session associated with the WCD in a first domain, and a second SM entity for controlling a second user plane entity in a second domain of the core network; the method is performed by the access management entity and comprises:
selecting, based on WCD information indicating properties of the WCD and based on SM domain information at least indicating the user plane entities that are controlled by the first SM entity and the second SM entity respectively, the second SM entity as an additional intermediate SM entity to control a user plane entity in the second domain for handling the data session in the second domain; sending, towards the second SM entity, a session request message requesting the second SM entity to act as the additional intermediate SM by allocating resources for handling the data session in the second domain; and receiving, in response to the session request message, a session response message indicating that the second SM entity has accepted to act as the additional intermediate SM entity. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the selecting comprises:
sending a discovery request message towards a Network Repository Function, NRF, entity requesting at least one of: the SM domain information; or an intermediate SM entity to control a user plane entity for handling the PDU session in the second domain; and receiving a discovery response message sent by the NRF entity, which response message comprises information indicating at least one of: the SM domain information; or information indicating a selected intermediate SM entity to control a user plane entity for handling the PDU session in the second domain. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first domain and the second domain correspond to a first administrative domain and a second administrative domain respectively in a public land mobile network, PLMN, or to an enterprise network and an general network respectively, or to a central network and a local network respectively. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the first user plane entity has an interface towards a data network, DN, for communicating data between the WCD and the DN; and the second user plane entity has an interface towards a Radio Access Network, RAN, that serves the WCD. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the first SM entity is an anchor Session Management Function, A-SMF, entity and the first user plane entity is an User Plane Function, UPF, entity that has an N6 interface towards a data network, DN, for communicating data between the WCD and the DN; and the second session management entity is an intermediate Session Management Function, I-SMF, entity and the second user plane entity is an UPF entity that has an N3 interface towards a Radio Access Network, RAN, that serves the WCD. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the session request message indicates that the second SM entity shall allocate resources by at least one of: selecting a user plane entity for handling the data session in the second domain; or allocating a data session context for handling the data session in the second domain. 7. A method of selecting a session management, SM, entity for serving a wireless communication device, WCD, in a core network that comprises an access management entity serving the WCD and an anchor SM entity that controls a first user plane entity that handles a data session associated with the WCD in a first domain, and a second SM entity for controlling a second user plane entity in a second domain of the core network; the method is performed by the anchor SM entity and comprises:
receiving a session request message sent by the access management entity, which message indicates that an additional intermediate SM entity is needed to control a user plane entity in the second domain for handling the data session in the second domain; selecting, based on WCD information indicating properties of the WCD and based on SM domain information at least indicating the user plane entities that are controlled by the first SM entity and the second SM entity respectively, the second SM entity as the additional intermediate SM entity to control a user plane entity in the second domain for handling the data session in the second domain; and sending, towards the access management entity, a session response message indicating that the second SM entity shall be requested to act as the additional intermediate SM by allocating resources for handling the data session in the second domain. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the selecting comprises:
sending a discovery request message towards a Network Repository Function, NRF, entity requesting at least one of: the SM domain information; or an intermediate SM entity to control a user plane entity for handling the PDU session in the second domain; and receiving a discovery response message sent by the NRF entity, which response message comprises information indicating at least one of: the SM domain information; or information indicating a selected intermediate SM entity to control a user plane entity for handling the PDU session in the second domain. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the first domain and the second domain correspond to a first administrative domain and a second administrative domain respectively in a public land mobile network, PLMN, or to an enterprise network and an general network respectively, or to a central network and a local network respectively. 10. The method according to claim 7, wherein:
the first user plane entity has an interface towards a data network, DN, for communicating data between the WCD and the DN; and the second user plane entity has an interface towards a Radio Access Network, RAN, that serves the WCD. 11. The method according to claim 7, wherein:
the first SM entity is an anchor Session Management Function, A-SMF, entity and the first user plane entity is an User Plane Function, UPF, entity that has an N6 interface towards a data network, DN, for communicating data between the WCD and the DN; and the second SM entity is an intermediate Session Management Function, I-SMF, entity and the second user plane entity is an UPF entity that has an N3 interface towards a Radio Access Network, RAN, that serves the WCD. 12. The method according to claim 7, wherein the session response message indicates that the second SM entity shall allocate resources by at least one of: selecting a user plane entity for handling the data session in the second domain; or allocating a data session context for handling the data session in the second domain. 13. A method of selecting a session management, SM, entity for serving a wireless communication device, WCD, in a core network that comprises an access management entity serving the WCD and an anchor SM entity that controls a first user plane entity that handles a data session associated with the WCD in a first domain, and a second SM entity for controlling a second user plane entity in a second domain of the core network; the method is performed by the anchor SM entity and comprises:
receiving a session request message sent by the access management entity, which message indicates that an additional intermediate SM entity is needed to control a user plane entity in the second domain for handling the data session in the second domain; selecting, based on WCD information indicating properties of the WCD and based on SM domain information at least indicating the user plane entities that are controlled by the first SM entity and the second SM entity respectively, the second SM entity as the additional intermediate SM entity to control a user plane entity in the second domain for handling the data session in the second domain; sending, towards the second SM entity, a session request message requesting the second SM entity to act as the additional intermediate SM by allocating resources for handling the data session in the second domain; and receiving, in response to the session request message, a session response message indicating that the second SM entity has accepted to act as the intermediate SM entity. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the selecting comprises:
sending a discovery request message towards a Network Repository Function, NRF, entity requesting at least one of: the SM domain information; or an intermediate SM entity to control a user plane entity for handling the PDU session in the second domain; and receiving a discovery response message sent by the NRF entity, which response message comprises information indicating at least one of: the SM domain information; or information indicating a selected intermediate SM entity to control a user plane entity for handling the PDU session in the second domain. 15. The method according to claim 13, wherein the first domain and the second domain correspond to a first administrative domain and a second administrative domain respectively in a public land mobile network, PLMN, or to an enterprise network and an general network respectively, or to a central network and a local network respectively. 16. The method according to claim 13, wherein:
the first user plane entity has an interface towards a data network, DN, for communicating data between the WCD and the DN; and the second user plane entity has an interface towards a Radio Access Network, RAN, that serves the WCD. 17. The method according to claim 13, wherein:
the first SM entity is an anchor Session Management Function, A-SMF, entity and the first user plane entity is an User Plane Function, UPF, entity that has an N6 interface towards a data network, DN, for communicating data between the WCD and the DN; and the second SM entity is an intermediate Session Management Function, I-SMF, entity and the second user plane entity is an UPF entity that has an N3 interface towards a Radio Access Network, RAN, that serves the WCD. 18. The method according to claim 13, wherein the session response message indicates that the second SM entity shall allocate resources by at least one of: selecting a user plane entity for handling the data session in the second domain; or allocating a data session context for handling the data session in the second domain. 19. An Access Management, AM, entity configured to operatively select a session management, SM, entity for serving a wireless communication device, WCD, in a core network that comprises the AM entity for serving the WCD, and the anchor SM entity to control a first user plane entity for handling a data session associated with the WCD in a first domain, and a second SM entity to control a second user plane entity in a second domain of the core network; the AM entity comprises at least one processor and memory comprising instructions executable by the at least one processor whereby the AM entity is operable to:
select, based on WCD information indicating properties of the WCD and based on SM domain information at least indicating the user plane entities that are controlled by the first SM entity and the second SM entity respectively, the second SM entity as an additional intermediate SM entity to control a user plane entity in the second domain for handling the data session in the second domain; send, towards the second SM entity, a session request message requesting the second SM entity to act as the additional intermediate SM by allocating resources for handling the data session in the second domain; and receive, in response to the session request message, a session response message indicating that the second SM entity has accepted to act as the additional intermediate SM entity. 20. An anchor Session Management, A-SM, entity configured to operatively select a session management, SM, entity for serving a wireless communication device, WCD, in a core network that comprises an access management entity for serving the WCD, and the anchor SM entity to control a first user plane entity for handling a data session associated with the WCD in a first domain, and a second SM entity to control a second user plane entity in a second domain of the core network; the A-SM entity comprises at least one processor and memory comprising instructions executable by the at least one processor whereby the AM entity is operable to:
receive a session request message sent by the access management entity, which message indicates that an additional intermediate SM entity is needed to control a user plane entity in the second domain for handling the data session in the second domain; select, based on WCD information indicating properties of the WCD and based on SM domain information at least indicating the user plane entities that are controlled by the first SM entity and the second SM entity respectively, the second SM entity as the additional intermediate SM entity to control a user plane entity in the second domain for handling the data session in the second domain; and send, towards the access management entity, a session response message indicating that the second SM entity shall be requested to act as the additional intermediate SM by allocating resources for handling the data session in the second domain. 21. An anchor Session Management, A-SM, entity configured to operatively select a session management, SM, entity for serving a wireless communication device, WCD, in a core network that comprises an access management entity for serving the WCD, and the anchor SM entity to control a first user plane entity to handle a data session associated with the WCD in a first domain, and a second SM entity to control a second user plane entity in a second domain of the core network; the A-SM entity comprises at least one processor and memory comprising instructions executable by the at least one processor whereby the AM entity is operable to:
receive a session request message sent by the access management entity, which message indicates that an additional intermediate SM entity is needed to control a user plane entity in the second domain for handling the data session in the second domain; select, based on WCD information indicating properties of the WCD and based on SM domain information at least indicating the user plane entities that are controlled by the first SM entity and the second SM entity respectively, the second SM entity as the additional intermediate SM entity to control a user plane entity in the second domain for handling the data session in the second domain; send, towards the second SM entity, a session request message requesting the second SM entity to act as the additional intermediate SM and allocate resources for handling the data session in the second domain; and receive, in response to the session request message, a session response message indicating that the second SM entity has accepted to act as the intermediate SM entity. | 2,400 |
9,519 | 9,519 | 15,899,607 | 2,466 | Example embodiments of systems and methods for network pattern matching provide the ability to match hidden networks from noisy data sources using probabilistic matching analysis. The algorithms may map roles and patterns to observed entities. The outcome is a set of plausible network models. The pattern-matching methodology of these systems and methods may enable the solution of three challenges associated with social network analysis, namely network size and complexity, uncertain and incomplete data, and dynamic network structure. | 1. A processor based network pattern matching system for determining a network pattern match, said system comprising:
a memory storing a representation of a plurality of model nodes and a plurality of model links of the model nodes as a model network; the model network comprising one or more model network subnetworks; the memory storing a representation of a plurality of data nodes and a plurality of data links of the data nodes as a data network; a processor configured to receive the data network and the model network execute machine instructions to;
segment the data network into one or more data network subnetworks,
compare, in parallel, the one or more data network subnetworks to the one or more model network subnetworks to determine a mapping measure for each comparison,
compare the subnetwork mapping measure to a subnetwork mapping constraint threshold and if the subnetwork mapping constraint measure exceeds the subnetwork mapping constraint threshold, defining a partial network pattern match of the data network subnetwork to the model data network subnetwork, and
aggregate one or more partial network pattern match to define a network pattern match between the model network and the data network; and
a user interface configured to present the results of the network pattern match. 2. The processor based network pattern matching system of claim 1 wherein the data network comprises noisy data. 3. The processor based network pattern matching system of claim 1 wherein:
the model data network subnetworks and the data network subnetworks are each represented as a multi-attributed graph; and
defining a network pattern match of the data network subnetwork to the model data network subnetwork comprises utilizing a probabilistic multi-attribute graph matching analysis. 4. The processor based network pattern matching system of claim 1 wherein:
the data network and the at least one model network are multi-dimensional matrices;
each data node and each model node is a multi-dimensional vector; and
each data link and each model link is a multi-dimensional vector. 5. The processor based network pattern matching system of claim 1 wherein:
the plurality of data nodes and the plurality of model nodes further comprise at least one node attribute;
the plurality of data links and the plurality of model links further comprise at least one link attribute;
the data network and the at least one model network are each represented as a multi-attributed graphs; and
defining a partial network pattern match from the at least one model network to the data network comprises utilizing a probabilistic multi-attribute graph matching analysis. 6. The processor based network pattern matching system of claim 5 wherein the defining a partial network pattern match from at least one model network to the data network utilizing a probabilistic multi-attribute graph matching analysis comprises:
defining a network mapping as a binary matrix of a plurality of node mappings between a plurality of model nodes in the model network and a plurality of data nodes in the data network;
defining a network mapping value as a posterior probability of the network mapping;
utilizing a belief propagation algorithm to approximate a distribution of the network mapping values; and
determining the partial network pattern match as the network mapping with the network mapping value which exceeds a network mapping value threshold. 7. A computer implemented method for determining a network pattern match, said method comprising:
representing a plurality of model nodes and a plurality of model links of the model nodes as a model network; the model network comprising one or more model network subnetworks; representing a plurality of data nodes and a plurality of data links of the data nodes as a data network; segmenting the data network into one or more data network subnetworks; comparing, in parallel, the one or more data network subnetworks to the one or more model network subnetworks to determine a mapping measure for each comparison; comparing the subnetwork mapping measure to a subnetwork mapping constraint threshold and if the subnetwork mapping constraint measure exceeds the subnetwork mapping constraint threshold, defining a partial network pattern match of the data network subnetwork to the model data network subnetwork; and aggregating one or more partial network pattern match to define a network pattern match between the model network and the data network. 8. The computer implemented method of claim 7 further comprising:
identifying one or more cutset in the data network; and
segmenting the data network into a plurality of data network subnetworks by removing the one or more cutset. 9. The computer implemented method of claim 8 wherein the step of identifying one or more cutset in the data network comprises identifying one or more data links that have a low match with the model network. 10. The computer implemented method of claim 7 wherein:
the model data network subnetworks and the data network subnetworks are each represented as a multi-attributed graph; and
defining a network pattern match of the data network subnetwork to the model data network subnetwork comprises utilizing a probabilistic multi-attribute graph matching analysis. 11. The computer implemented method of claim 7 wherein the step of segmenting the data network into a plurality of data network subnetworks is segmented with a clustering algorithm selected from one of the group comprising:
geo-spatial clustering;
contextual clustering;
relational clustering;
similarity-based clustering; and
disconnected network clustering. 12. The computer implemented method of claim 11 wherein geo-spatial clustering comprises clustering data nodes into data network subnetworks according to a geographic region. 13. The computer implemented method of claim 11 wherein contextual clustering comprises clustering data nodes into data network subnetworks according to a context. 14. The computer implemented method of claim 11 wherein relational clustering comprises clustering data nodes into model data network subnetworks according to a disjointedness of relationships in the data network. 15. The computer implemented method of claim 11 wherein similarity-based clustering comprises clustering data nodes into data network subnetworks according to a similarity of an attribute of the data nodes. 16. A computer program product for determining a network pattern match comprising a non-transitory computer readable medium having a computer readable program code embodied therein, said computer readable program code configured to be executed to implement a method for determining a network pattern match comprising:
representing a plurality of model nodes and a plurality of model links of the model nodes as at least one model network; segmenting the model data network into a plurality of model data network subnetworks; representing a plurality of data nodes and a plurality of data links of the data nodes as a data network; identifying one or more cutset in the data network; segmenting the data network into a plurality of data network subnetworks by removing the one or more cutset; defining a mapping constraint threshold; comparing, in parallel, a plurality of data network subnetworks to the model data network subnetworks to determine a mapping measure for each comparison; and comparing the mapping measure to the mapping constraint threshold and if the mapping constraint threshold exceeds the threshold, defining a network pattern match of the data network subnetwork to the model data network subnetwork. | Example embodiments of systems and methods for network pattern matching provide the ability to match hidden networks from noisy data sources using probabilistic matching analysis. The algorithms may map roles and patterns to observed entities. The outcome is a set of plausible network models. The pattern-matching methodology of these systems and methods may enable the solution of three challenges associated with social network analysis, namely network size and complexity, uncertain and incomplete data, and dynamic network structure.1. A processor based network pattern matching system for determining a network pattern match, said system comprising:
a memory storing a representation of a plurality of model nodes and a plurality of model links of the model nodes as a model network; the model network comprising one or more model network subnetworks; the memory storing a representation of a plurality of data nodes and a plurality of data links of the data nodes as a data network; a processor configured to receive the data network and the model network execute machine instructions to;
segment the data network into one or more data network subnetworks,
compare, in parallel, the one or more data network subnetworks to the one or more model network subnetworks to determine a mapping measure for each comparison,
compare the subnetwork mapping measure to a subnetwork mapping constraint threshold and if the subnetwork mapping constraint measure exceeds the subnetwork mapping constraint threshold, defining a partial network pattern match of the data network subnetwork to the model data network subnetwork, and
aggregate one or more partial network pattern match to define a network pattern match between the model network and the data network; and
a user interface configured to present the results of the network pattern match. 2. The processor based network pattern matching system of claim 1 wherein the data network comprises noisy data. 3. The processor based network pattern matching system of claim 1 wherein:
the model data network subnetworks and the data network subnetworks are each represented as a multi-attributed graph; and
defining a network pattern match of the data network subnetwork to the model data network subnetwork comprises utilizing a probabilistic multi-attribute graph matching analysis. 4. The processor based network pattern matching system of claim 1 wherein:
the data network and the at least one model network are multi-dimensional matrices;
each data node and each model node is a multi-dimensional vector; and
each data link and each model link is a multi-dimensional vector. 5. The processor based network pattern matching system of claim 1 wherein:
the plurality of data nodes and the plurality of model nodes further comprise at least one node attribute;
the plurality of data links and the plurality of model links further comprise at least one link attribute;
the data network and the at least one model network are each represented as a multi-attributed graphs; and
defining a partial network pattern match from the at least one model network to the data network comprises utilizing a probabilistic multi-attribute graph matching analysis. 6. The processor based network pattern matching system of claim 5 wherein the defining a partial network pattern match from at least one model network to the data network utilizing a probabilistic multi-attribute graph matching analysis comprises:
defining a network mapping as a binary matrix of a plurality of node mappings between a plurality of model nodes in the model network and a plurality of data nodes in the data network;
defining a network mapping value as a posterior probability of the network mapping;
utilizing a belief propagation algorithm to approximate a distribution of the network mapping values; and
determining the partial network pattern match as the network mapping with the network mapping value which exceeds a network mapping value threshold. 7. A computer implemented method for determining a network pattern match, said method comprising:
representing a plurality of model nodes and a plurality of model links of the model nodes as a model network; the model network comprising one or more model network subnetworks; representing a plurality of data nodes and a plurality of data links of the data nodes as a data network; segmenting the data network into one or more data network subnetworks; comparing, in parallel, the one or more data network subnetworks to the one or more model network subnetworks to determine a mapping measure for each comparison; comparing the subnetwork mapping measure to a subnetwork mapping constraint threshold and if the subnetwork mapping constraint measure exceeds the subnetwork mapping constraint threshold, defining a partial network pattern match of the data network subnetwork to the model data network subnetwork; and aggregating one or more partial network pattern match to define a network pattern match between the model network and the data network. 8. The computer implemented method of claim 7 further comprising:
identifying one or more cutset in the data network; and
segmenting the data network into a plurality of data network subnetworks by removing the one or more cutset. 9. The computer implemented method of claim 8 wherein the step of identifying one or more cutset in the data network comprises identifying one or more data links that have a low match with the model network. 10. The computer implemented method of claim 7 wherein:
the model data network subnetworks and the data network subnetworks are each represented as a multi-attributed graph; and
defining a network pattern match of the data network subnetwork to the model data network subnetwork comprises utilizing a probabilistic multi-attribute graph matching analysis. 11. The computer implemented method of claim 7 wherein the step of segmenting the data network into a plurality of data network subnetworks is segmented with a clustering algorithm selected from one of the group comprising:
geo-spatial clustering;
contextual clustering;
relational clustering;
similarity-based clustering; and
disconnected network clustering. 12. The computer implemented method of claim 11 wherein geo-spatial clustering comprises clustering data nodes into data network subnetworks according to a geographic region. 13. The computer implemented method of claim 11 wherein contextual clustering comprises clustering data nodes into data network subnetworks according to a context. 14. The computer implemented method of claim 11 wherein relational clustering comprises clustering data nodes into model data network subnetworks according to a disjointedness of relationships in the data network. 15. The computer implemented method of claim 11 wherein similarity-based clustering comprises clustering data nodes into data network subnetworks according to a similarity of an attribute of the data nodes. 16. A computer program product for determining a network pattern match comprising a non-transitory computer readable medium having a computer readable program code embodied therein, said computer readable program code configured to be executed to implement a method for determining a network pattern match comprising:
representing a plurality of model nodes and a plurality of model links of the model nodes as at least one model network; segmenting the model data network into a plurality of model data network subnetworks; representing a plurality of data nodes and a plurality of data links of the data nodes as a data network; identifying one or more cutset in the data network; segmenting the data network into a plurality of data network subnetworks by removing the one or more cutset; defining a mapping constraint threshold; comparing, in parallel, a plurality of data network subnetworks to the model data network subnetworks to determine a mapping measure for each comparison; and comparing the mapping measure to the mapping constraint threshold and if the mapping constraint threshold exceeds the threshold, defining a network pattern match of the data network subnetwork to the model data network subnetwork. | 2,400 |
9,520 | 9,520 | 15,240,414 | 2,486 | According to one aspect, a method for remote monitoring of electrical equipment includes acquiring a set of data points, each data point representing a temperature associated with a piece of electrical equipment or a component thereof, assigning each data point to one or more groups of data points, and defining an alarm metric for each group. Each group's alarm metric may be defined independently of other group's metrics. The defined alarm metrics are used to determine the health of the electrical equipment. The data may be determined from virtual probes within an infrared sensor and/or received from RFID devices containing temperature sensor, which are attached to or near the equipment to be monitored, for example. The methods described herein do not require conversion of sensor data into temperature values, and thus obviate the need for expensive sensors and/or computationally demanding conversion, compensation, and calibration routines. | 1. A method for remote monitoring of electrical equipment, the method comprising:
acquiring a plurality of data points, each data point representing a temperature associated with a piece of electrical equipment or a component thereof; assigning each data point to at least one of a plurality of groups, wherein each group contains a plurality of data points; defining an alarm metric for each group, wherein an alarm metric of at least one group is different from an alarm metric of another group; and using the defined alarm metrics to determine a health of the electrical equipment. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein at least one data point is converted to a temperature value. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein acquiring the plurality of data points includes:
using an infrared image sensor to capture a scene that includes a view of the electrical equipment;
identifying, as virtual probes, portions of the captured scene that represent pieces of the electrical equipment or components thereof;
determining a data value for each virtual probe based on a color or intensity of the portion of the captured scene represented by the virtual probe; and
providing the data values as at least some of the plurality of data points. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein at least one virtual probe includes a plurality of non-contiguous areas of the captured scene. 5. The method of claim 3 including providing, to a user, a display that shows an infrared image of the view captured by the infrared image sensor, wherein a hue or intensity of a pixel of the image that corresponds to the electrical equipment represents a data value or a range of values corresponding to a temperature or a range of temperatures of the electrical equipment at that location in the image. 6. The method of claim 5 including providing, on the infrared image, virtual indications of the location of virtual probes defined for that image. 7. The method of claim 5 including adjusting an intensity map or color map of the image to increase a range or sensitivity of the data values being represented to the user. 8. The method of claim 7 including mapping a sub-range of data values to a single color or intensity value. 9. The method of claim 8 wherein data values in a first sub-range are displayed in color and wherein data values in a second sub-range are displayed in grayscale or black and white. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein acquiring the plurality of data points includes acquiring at least one of the plurality of data points from a wireless sensor that transmits a data value that represents a temperature for the piece of the electrical equipment or portion thereof. 11. The method of claim 10 wherein the wireless sensor comprises a radio frequency identification (RFID) device for transmitting the data value for the piece of the electrical equipment or portion thereof. 12. The method of claim 10 wherein the wireless sensor is attached to the piece of the electrical equipment or portion thereof. 13. The method of claim 10 wherein the wireless sensor includes a temperature sensing circuit for sensing a relative or absolute temperature value for the piece of the electrical equipment or portion thereof. 14. The method of claim 1 wherein determining the health of the electrical equipment includes identifying the electrical equipment having an increased likelihood of failure. 15. The method of claim 1 wherein the alarm metric for the group includes at least one of:
determining whether a data point has a data value that differs from a data value of at least one other data point in the group by a threshold amount;
determining whether a data point has a data value that differs from an average of the data values of data points in the group by a threshold amount; and
determining whether a calculated variance of the data values in the group exceeds a threshold amount. 16. The method of claim 1 wherein using the defined alarm metrics to determine a health of the electrical equipment includes:
determining a data value for each data point in a group;
determining whether any data value satisfies an alarm condition; and
in response to determining that a data value satisfies an alarm condition, generating an alarm. 17. A system for remote monitoring of electrical equipment, the system comprising:
a data acquisition module for acquiring a plurality of data points, each data point representing a temperature associated with a piece of the electrical equipment or a component thereof; and a monitoring module for assigning each data point to at least one of a plurality of groups, wherein each group contains a plurality of data points, defining an alarm metric for each group, wherein an alarm metric of at least one group is different from an alarm metric of another group, and using the defined alarm metrics to determine a health of the electrical equipment. 18. The system of claim 17 wherein the data acquisition module includes an infrared image sensor for capturing a scene that includes a view of the electrical equipment, wherein portions of the captured scene are identified as virtual probes, wherein each virtual probe represents pieces of the electrical equipment or components thereof, wherein a relative or absolute data value for each virtual probe is determined based on a color or intensity of the portion of the captured scene represented by the virtual probe. 19. The system of claim 17 comprising a display module for providing, to a user, a display that shows an infrared image of the view captured by the infrared image sensor, wherein a hue or intensity of a pixel of the image that corresponds to the electrical equipment represents a data value or a range of values corresponding to a temperature or a range of temperatures of the electrical equipment at that location in the image. 20. The system of claim 19 wherein the display module provides to a user a visual indication of a detection of an alarm condition according to at least one of the defined alarm metrics. | According to one aspect, a method for remote monitoring of electrical equipment includes acquiring a set of data points, each data point representing a temperature associated with a piece of electrical equipment or a component thereof, assigning each data point to one or more groups of data points, and defining an alarm metric for each group. Each group's alarm metric may be defined independently of other group's metrics. The defined alarm metrics are used to determine the health of the electrical equipment. The data may be determined from virtual probes within an infrared sensor and/or received from RFID devices containing temperature sensor, which are attached to or near the equipment to be monitored, for example. The methods described herein do not require conversion of sensor data into temperature values, and thus obviate the need for expensive sensors and/or computationally demanding conversion, compensation, and calibration routines.1. A method for remote monitoring of electrical equipment, the method comprising:
acquiring a plurality of data points, each data point representing a temperature associated with a piece of electrical equipment or a component thereof; assigning each data point to at least one of a plurality of groups, wherein each group contains a plurality of data points; defining an alarm metric for each group, wherein an alarm metric of at least one group is different from an alarm metric of another group; and using the defined alarm metrics to determine a health of the electrical equipment. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein at least one data point is converted to a temperature value. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein acquiring the plurality of data points includes:
using an infrared image sensor to capture a scene that includes a view of the electrical equipment;
identifying, as virtual probes, portions of the captured scene that represent pieces of the electrical equipment or components thereof;
determining a data value for each virtual probe based on a color or intensity of the portion of the captured scene represented by the virtual probe; and
providing the data values as at least some of the plurality of data points. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein at least one virtual probe includes a plurality of non-contiguous areas of the captured scene. 5. The method of claim 3 including providing, to a user, a display that shows an infrared image of the view captured by the infrared image sensor, wherein a hue or intensity of a pixel of the image that corresponds to the electrical equipment represents a data value or a range of values corresponding to a temperature or a range of temperatures of the electrical equipment at that location in the image. 6. The method of claim 5 including providing, on the infrared image, virtual indications of the location of virtual probes defined for that image. 7. The method of claim 5 including adjusting an intensity map or color map of the image to increase a range or sensitivity of the data values being represented to the user. 8. The method of claim 7 including mapping a sub-range of data values to a single color or intensity value. 9. The method of claim 8 wherein data values in a first sub-range are displayed in color and wherein data values in a second sub-range are displayed in grayscale or black and white. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein acquiring the plurality of data points includes acquiring at least one of the plurality of data points from a wireless sensor that transmits a data value that represents a temperature for the piece of the electrical equipment or portion thereof. 11. The method of claim 10 wherein the wireless sensor comprises a radio frequency identification (RFID) device for transmitting the data value for the piece of the electrical equipment or portion thereof. 12. The method of claim 10 wherein the wireless sensor is attached to the piece of the electrical equipment or portion thereof. 13. The method of claim 10 wherein the wireless sensor includes a temperature sensing circuit for sensing a relative or absolute temperature value for the piece of the electrical equipment or portion thereof. 14. The method of claim 1 wherein determining the health of the electrical equipment includes identifying the electrical equipment having an increased likelihood of failure. 15. The method of claim 1 wherein the alarm metric for the group includes at least one of:
determining whether a data point has a data value that differs from a data value of at least one other data point in the group by a threshold amount;
determining whether a data point has a data value that differs from an average of the data values of data points in the group by a threshold amount; and
determining whether a calculated variance of the data values in the group exceeds a threshold amount. 16. The method of claim 1 wherein using the defined alarm metrics to determine a health of the electrical equipment includes:
determining a data value for each data point in a group;
determining whether any data value satisfies an alarm condition; and
in response to determining that a data value satisfies an alarm condition, generating an alarm. 17. A system for remote monitoring of electrical equipment, the system comprising:
a data acquisition module for acquiring a plurality of data points, each data point representing a temperature associated with a piece of the electrical equipment or a component thereof; and a monitoring module for assigning each data point to at least one of a plurality of groups, wherein each group contains a plurality of data points, defining an alarm metric for each group, wherein an alarm metric of at least one group is different from an alarm metric of another group, and using the defined alarm metrics to determine a health of the electrical equipment. 18. The system of claim 17 wherein the data acquisition module includes an infrared image sensor for capturing a scene that includes a view of the electrical equipment, wherein portions of the captured scene are identified as virtual probes, wherein each virtual probe represents pieces of the electrical equipment or components thereof, wherein a relative or absolute data value for each virtual probe is determined based on a color or intensity of the portion of the captured scene represented by the virtual probe. 19. The system of claim 17 comprising a display module for providing, to a user, a display that shows an infrared image of the view captured by the infrared image sensor, wherein a hue or intensity of a pixel of the image that corresponds to the electrical equipment represents a data value or a range of values corresponding to a temperature or a range of temperatures of the electrical equipment at that location in the image. 20. The system of claim 19 wherein the display module provides to a user a visual indication of a detection of an alarm condition according to at least one of the defined alarm metrics. | 2,400 |
9,521 | 9,521 | 14,349,604 | 2,483 | A camera ( 10 ) that has four imaging means ( 12 ), each arranged to capture a different field of view and each associated with a separate sensor or detector ( 20 ). Each imaging means ( 12 ) is tilted to capture light from a zenith above the camera. The four imaging means ( 12 ) are equally spaced around a central axis, so that each contributes around a quarter of the scene being imaged. | 1-43. (canceled) 44. A camera comprising four imaging means, each arranged to capture a different field of view, each field of view being associated with a separate sensor or detector, so that the camera is operable to capture four separate images, wherein each imaging means is tilted to capture light from a zenith above the camera and each imaging means is tilted at the same angle. 45. A camera as claimed in claim 44, wherein the four imaging means are equally spaced around a central axis, so that each contributes around at least a quarter of the scene being imaged. 46. A camera as claimed in claim 44 each sensor or detector is titled at the same angle as its associated imaging means. 47. A camera as claimed in claim 44, wherein a single cradle or housing is provided for locating and aligning all four of the imaging means and their associated sensors or detectors. 48. A camera as claimed in claim 47, wherein the cradle is shaped to ensure that each imaging means and each sensor are mounted with the same tilt. 49. A camera as claimed in claim 47, wherein the cradle includes a pyramidal sensor support, wherein sides of the pyramid are angled to be parallel with the tilt angle of the imaging means. 50. A camera as claimed in claim 44, wherein each imaging means and sensor pair are provided in a location element that determines the relative positions of the imaging means and sensor. 51. A camera as claimed in claim 44, wherein each sensor or detector comprises an array of sensors of detectors. 52. A camera as claimed in claim 44, wherein each field of view is defined by one or more lenses. 53. A camera as claimed in claim 44, the camera having an external volume of around 10 cm3 or less. 54. A camera as claimed in claim 44, further comprising an orientation sensor for determining the orientation of the camera. 55. A camera as claimed in claim 54, wherein the camera is configured to invert a captured image in the event that the orientation sensor indicates that the camera is upside down. 56. A camera as claimed in claim 44, wherein the camera is shaped substantially as a cube, and wherein the imaging means are located symmetrically around four sides of the cube. 57. A camera comprising multiple imaging means each arranged to define a different field of view, a sensor associated with each imaging means, each sensor having an active sensing surface, and alignment means for aligning the imaging means and the sensor, wherein the alignment means is configured to engage with the sensing surface of the sensor. 58. A camera as claimed in claim 57, wherein the alignment means has a recess for receiving the sensor, and the recess is shaped to engage with the active sensing surface of the sensor, and provide an opening to allow light from the imaging means to fall on the sensor. 59. A camera as claimed in claim 57, wherein the alignment means comprises an alignment cylinder that is configured to receive the imaging means at one end and the sensor at the other. 60. A camera as claimed in claim 57, wherein the camera comprises a housing and each alignment means, imaging means and sensor form an integral unit that is fitted in the housing. 61. A camera as claimed in claim 57, wherein the alignment means has a fixing means at one end for fixing the imaging means in place; optionally the fixing means may comprise a thread for mating with a corresponding thread on the imaging means. 62. An optical device for use in a camera comprising an imaging means, a sensor and an alignment means, wherein the alignment means are configured to optically align the imaging means and the sensor, and the device forms an integral unit for insertion in the camera, wherein the alignment means has a recess for receiving the sensor, and the recess is shaped to engage with an active surface of the sensor, and provide an opening to allow light from the imaging means to fall on the sensor. 63. An optical device as claimed in claim 62, wherein the alignment means comprises an alignment cylinder that is configured to receive the imaging means at one end and the sensor at the other. 64. An optical device as claimed in claim 62, wherein the alignment means has a fixing means at one end for fixing the imaging means in place; optionally the fixing means may comprise a thread for mating with a corresponding thread on the imaging means. 65. A camera comprising a casing and an optical device, the optical device having an imaging means, a sensor and an alignment means, wherein the alignment means are configured to optically align the imaging means and the sensor, and the device forms an integral unit for insertion in the camera, wherein the imaging means are provided at one end of the integral unit and the sensor is at the other end, and the integral unit is secured to the casing at its imaging means end and floats at its sensor end. 66. A camera comprising multiple imaging means for simultaneously capturing images of multiple fields of view, each imaging means having an intrinsic field of view that overlaps with the field of view of at least one other imaging means, the camera being configured to form a blind spot between adjacent imaging means. 67. A camera as claimed in claim 66, wherein at least one external part of the camera extends into the blind spot. 68. A camera as claimed in claim 66, wherein the camera has four fields of view, each field of view being more than 180 degrees, and four blind spots and the parts of the camera that extend into the blind spots protect the imaging means. 69. A camera comprising imaging means for capturing a plurality of images; an orientation sensor for determining the orientation of the camera at the time each image is captured, and means for correcting the images captured in the event that the orientation sensor detects that the camera orientation has changed or is different from a pre-determined orientation. 70. A camera as claimed in claim 69 comprising four imaging means, each arranged to capture a different field of view, each field of view being associated with a separate sensor or detector, so that the camera is operable to capture four separate images. 71. A camera as claimed in claim 70, wherein the four imaging means are equally spaced around a central axis, so that each contributes around at least a quarter of the scene being imaged. 72. A camera as claimed in claim 69, wherein each imaging means is tilted to capture light from a zenith above the camera. 73. A camera as claimed in any claim 69, wherein a single cradle or housing is provided for locating and aligning all four of the imaging means and their associated detectors. 74. A camera as claimed in claim 73, wherein the cradle is shaped to ensure that each imaging means and each sensor are mounted with the same tilt. 75. A camera as claimed in claim 44, wherein the cross-sectional area of the light incident on each sensor is greater than a surface area of the sensor. 76. A laser scanner comprising a laser for scanning a scene and a camera that has multiple fields of view for simultaneously capturing a panoramic image of the scene. 77. A laser scanner as claimed in claim 76, wherein the camera is mounted on the laser scanner. 78. A laser scanner as claimed in claim 76, wherein the camera has a 360 degree field of view. 79. A laser scanner as claimed in claim 76, wherein the camera is configured to transfer image data captured to a memory in a scanner unit, optionally wherein the transfer is done via cable, wifi or bluetooth. 80. A laser scanner as claimed in claim 76, comprising means for automatically stitching together images from the multiple fields of view of the camera to provide a single panoramic image. 81. A laser scanner as claimed in claim 76, wherein the camera comprises four imaging means, each arranged to capture a different field of view, each field of view being associated with a separate sensor or detector, so that the camera is operable to capture four separate images, wherein each imaging means is tilted to capture light from a zenith above the camera and each imaging means is tilted at the same angle. 82. An imaging system that includes an imager for capturing an image of a scene and a camera as claimed in claim 44 for capturing another image of a scene. 83. An imaging system as claimed in claim 82 comprising means for causing simultaneous capture of an image using the imager and the camera. 84. An imaging system as claimed in claim 82 comprising means for overlaying the image from the imager and the image from the camera. 85. An imaging system as claimed in claim 84 comprising a display for displaying the overlaid images. 86. An imaging system as claimed in claim 82, wherein the imager is selected from: a thermal imager and a laser scanner. | A camera ( 10 ) that has four imaging means ( 12 ), each arranged to capture a different field of view and each associated with a separate sensor or detector ( 20 ). Each imaging means ( 12 ) is tilted to capture light from a zenith above the camera. The four imaging means ( 12 ) are equally spaced around a central axis, so that each contributes around a quarter of the scene being imaged.1-43. (canceled) 44. A camera comprising four imaging means, each arranged to capture a different field of view, each field of view being associated with a separate sensor or detector, so that the camera is operable to capture four separate images, wherein each imaging means is tilted to capture light from a zenith above the camera and each imaging means is tilted at the same angle. 45. A camera as claimed in claim 44, wherein the four imaging means are equally spaced around a central axis, so that each contributes around at least a quarter of the scene being imaged. 46. A camera as claimed in claim 44 each sensor or detector is titled at the same angle as its associated imaging means. 47. A camera as claimed in claim 44, wherein a single cradle or housing is provided for locating and aligning all four of the imaging means and their associated sensors or detectors. 48. A camera as claimed in claim 47, wherein the cradle is shaped to ensure that each imaging means and each sensor are mounted with the same tilt. 49. A camera as claimed in claim 47, wherein the cradle includes a pyramidal sensor support, wherein sides of the pyramid are angled to be parallel with the tilt angle of the imaging means. 50. A camera as claimed in claim 44, wherein each imaging means and sensor pair are provided in a location element that determines the relative positions of the imaging means and sensor. 51. A camera as claimed in claim 44, wherein each sensor or detector comprises an array of sensors of detectors. 52. A camera as claimed in claim 44, wherein each field of view is defined by one or more lenses. 53. A camera as claimed in claim 44, the camera having an external volume of around 10 cm3 or less. 54. A camera as claimed in claim 44, further comprising an orientation sensor for determining the orientation of the camera. 55. A camera as claimed in claim 54, wherein the camera is configured to invert a captured image in the event that the orientation sensor indicates that the camera is upside down. 56. A camera as claimed in claim 44, wherein the camera is shaped substantially as a cube, and wherein the imaging means are located symmetrically around four sides of the cube. 57. A camera comprising multiple imaging means each arranged to define a different field of view, a sensor associated with each imaging means, each sensor having an active sensing surface, and alignment means for aligning the imaging means and the sensor, wherein the alignment means is configured to engage with the sensing surface of the sensor. 58. A camera as claimed in claim 57, wherein the alignment means has a recess for receiving the sensor, and the recess is shaped to engage with the active sensing surface of the sensor, and provide an opening to allow light from the imaging means to fall on the sensor. 59. A camera as claimed in claim 57, wherein the alignment means comprises an alignment cylinder that is configured to receive the imaging means at one end and the sensor at the other. 60. A camera as claimed in claim 57, wherein the camera comprises a housing and each alignment means, imaging means and sensor form an integral unit that is fitted in the housing. 61. A camera as claimed in claim 57, wherein the alignment means has a fixing means at one end for fixing the imaging means in place; optionally the fixing means may comprise a thread for mating with a corresponding thread on the imaging means. 62. An optical device for use in a camera comprising an imaging means, a sensor and an alignment means, wherein the alignment means are configured to optically align the imaging means and the sensor, and the device forms an integral unit for insertion in the camera, wherein the alignment means has a recess for receiving the sensor, and the recess is shaped to engage with an active surface of the sensor, and provide an opening to allow light from the imaging means to fall on the sensor. 63. An optical device as claimed in claim 62, wherein the alignment means comprises an alignment cylinder that is configured to receive the imaging means at one end and the sensor at the other. 64. An optical device as claimed in claim 62, wherein the alignment means has a fixing means at one end for fixing the imaging means in place; optionally the fixing means may comprise a thread for mating with a corresponding thread on the imaging means. 65. A camera comprising a casing and an optical device, the optical device having an imaging means, a sensor and an alignment means, wherein the alignment means are configured to optically align the imaging means and the sensor, and the device forms an integral unit for insertion in the camera, wherein the imaging means are provided at one end of the integral unit and the sensor is at the other end, and the integral unit is secured to the casing at its imaging means end and floats at its sensor end. 66. A camera comprising multiple imaging means for simultaneously capturing images of multiple fields of view, each imaging means having an intrinsic field of view that overlaps with the field of view of at least one other imaging means, the camera being configured to form a blind spot between adjacent imaging means. 67. A camera as claimed in claim 66, wherein at least one external part of the camera extends into the blind spot. 68. A camera as claimed in claim 66, wherein the camera has four fields of view, each field of view being more than 180 degrees, and four blind spots and the parts of the camera that extend into the blind spots protect the imaging means. 69. A camera comprising imaging means for capturing a plurality of images; an orientation sensor for determining the orientation of the camera at the time each image is captured, and means for correcting the images captured in the event that the orientation sensor detects that the camera orientation has changed or is different from a pre-determined orientation. 70. A camera as claimed in claim 69 comprising four imaging means, each arranged to capture a different field of view, each field of view being associated with a separate sensor or detector, so that the camera is operable to capture four separate images. 71. A camera as claimed in claim 70, wherein the four imaging means are equally spaced around a central axis, so that each contributes around at least a quarter of the scene being imaged. 72. A camera as claimed in claim 69, wherein each imaging means is tilted to capture light from a zenith above the camera. 73. A camera as claimed in any claim 69, wherein a single cradle or housing is provided for locating and aligning all four of the imaging means and their associated detectors. 74. A camera as claimed in claim 73, wherein the cradle is shaped to ensure that each imaging means and each sensor are mounted with the same tilt. 75. A camera as claimed in claim 44, wherein the cross-sectional area of the light incident on each sensor is greater than a surface area of the sensor. 76. A laser scanner comprising a laser for scanning a scene and a camera that has multiple fields of view for simultaneously capturing a panoramic image of the scene. 77. A laser scanner as claimed in claim 76, wherein the camera is mounted on the laser scanner. 78. A laser scanner as claimed in claim 76, wherein the camera has a 360 degree field of view. 79. A laser scanner as claimed in claim 76, wherein the camera is configured to transfer image data captured to a memory in a scanner unit, optionally wherein the transfer is done via cable, wifi or bluetooth. 80. A laser scanner as claimed in claim 76, comprising means for automatically stitching together images from the multiple fields of view of the camera to provide a single panoramic image. 81. A laser scanner as claimed in claim 76, wherein the camera comprises four imaging means, each arranged to capture a different field of view, each field of view being associated with a separate sensor or detector, so that the camera is operable to capture four separate images, wherein each imaging means is tilted to capture light from a zenith above the camera and each imaging means is tilted at the same angle. 82. An imaging system that includes an imager for capturing an image of a scene and a camera as claimed in claim 44 for capturing another image of a scene. 83. An imaging system as claimed in claim 82 comprising means for causing simultaneous capture of an image using the imager and the camera. 84. An imaging system as claimed in claim 82 comprising means for overlaying the image from the imager and the image from the camera. 85. An imaging system as claimed in claim 84 comprising a display for displaying the overlaid images. 86. An imaging system as claimed in claim 82, wherein the imager is selected from: a thermal imager and a laser scanner. | 2,400 |
9,522 | 9,522 | 15,910,567 | 2,486 | A driver assistance system includes a first camera, a second camera, a first serial interface circuit, a second serial interface circuit, and a hub interface circuit. The first serial interface circuit is coupled to the first camera. The second serial interface circuit is coupled to the second camera. The hub interface circuit is coupled to the first serial interface circuit and the second serial interface circuit. The hub interface circuit is configured to receive transmissions from the first serial interface circuit and the second serial interface circuit, and to transmit control information to the first serial interface circuit and the second serial interface circuit. The hub interface is also configured to encode a clock signal in the control information. | 1. A driver assistance system, comprising:
a first camera; a first serial interface circuit coupled to the first camera; a second camera; a second serial interface circuit coupled to the second camera; a hub interface circuit coupled to the first serial interface circuit and the second serial interface circuit; wherein the hub interface circuit is configured to:
receive transmissions from the first serial interface circuit and the second serial interface circuit;
transmit control information to the first serial interface circuit and the second serial interface circuit; and
encode a clock signal in the control information. 2. The driver assistance system of claim 1, wherein the first serial interface circuit and the second serial interface circuit each comprise: a clock recovery circuit configured to extract the clock signal from the control information received from the hub interface circuit. 3. The driver assistance system of claim 2, wherein the first serial interface circuit and the second serial interface circuit include clock generation circuitry configured to generate a clock based on the clock signal extracted from the control information. 4. The driver assistance system of claim 3, wherein the first serial interface circuit and the second serial interface circuit include no crystal to control the clock. 5. The driver assistance system of claim 3, wherein the first serial interface circuit and the second serial interface circuit are configured to provide the clock to the first camera and the second camera. 6. The driver assistance system of claim 1, wherein the hub interface circuit is configured to encode a frame sync signal in the control information. 7. The driver assistance system of claim 6, wherein the first serial interface circuit and the second serial interface circuit are configured to extract the frame sync signal from the control information. 8. The driver assistance system of claim 7, wherein the first serial interface circuit and the second serial interface circuit are configured to provide the frame sync signal extracted from the control information to the first camera and the second camera. 9. The driver assistance system of claim 8, wherein the first serial interface circuit and the second serial interface circuit are configured to transmit video data to the hub interface circuit, the video data comprising video frames synchronized to the frame sync signal extracted from the control information. 10. The driver assistance system of claim 1, further comprising:
a first coaxial cable disposed between the hub interface circuit and the first serial interface circuit; and a second coaxial cable disposed between the hub interface circuit and the second serial interface circuit; wherein the hub interface circuit is configured to transmit the control information to the first serial interface circuit via the first coaxial cable; and wherein the hub interface circuit is configured to transmit the control information to the second serial interface circuit via the second coaxial cable. 11. A video control system, comprising:
a hub interface circuit comprising:
a clock generator configured to synchronize a clock signal to a reference clock; and
a plurality of transceivers, each of the transceivers configured to:
communicate bidirectionally with a serial interface circuit; and
encode the clock signal in control information to be transmitted to a serial interface circuit; a plurality of serial interface circuits, each of the serial interface circuits configured to bidirectionally communicate with the hub interface circuit, each of the serial interface circuits comprising:
a clock recovery circuit configured to extract the clock signal from the control information transmitted by the hub interface circuit; and
a camera interface configured to provide, to a camera, a synchronization signal generated from the clock signal extracted from the control information. 12. The video control system of claim 11, wherein each of the serial interface circuits comprise clock generation circuitry configured to generate a clock based on the clock signal extracted from the control information. 13. The video control system of claim 12, wherein the serial interface circuits comprise no crystal to control a frequency of the clock. 14. The video control system of claim 11, wherein the hub interface circuit comprises frame sync generation circuitry configured to generate a frame sync signal; and wherein each of the transceivers is configured to encode the frame sync signal in the control information to be transmitted to a serial interface circuit. 15. The video control system of claim 14, wherein each of the serial interface circuits comprises frame sync recovery circuitry configured to extract the frame sync signal from the control information. 16. The video control system of claim 15, wherein each of the serial interface circuits is configured to provide the frame sync signal extracted from the control information to a camera. 17. The video control system of claim 15, wherein each of the serial interface circuits is configured to transmit video data to the hub interface circuit, the video data comprising video frames synchronized to the frame sync signal extracted from the control information and wherein the video data is synchronized to the synchronization signal. 18. The video control system of claim 11, wherein each of the serial interface circuits is configured to transmit video data to the hub interface circuit over a coaxial cable, and the hub interface circuit is configured to transmit the control information over the coaxial cable. 19. A driver assistance system, comprising:
a hub interface circuit comprising:
a clock generator configured to synchronize a clock signal to a reference clock;
frame sync generation circuitry configured to generate a frame sync signal;
a plurality of transceivers, each of the transceivers configured to:
communicate bidirectionally with a serial interface circuit; and
encode the clock signal and the frame sync signal in control information to be transmitted to a serial interface circuit;
a plurality of serial interface circuits, each of the serial interface circuits configured to bidirectionally communicate with the hub interface circuit, each of the serial interface circuits comprising:
a clock recovery circuit configured to extract the clock signal from the control information transmitted by the hub interface circuit;
clock generation circuitry configured to generate a clock based on the clock signal extracted from the control information;
frame sync recovery circuitry configured to extract the frame sync signal from the control information; and
a camera interface configured to provide the clock and the frame sync signal to a camera; and
a plurality of cameras, each of the cameras coupled to one of the serial interface circuits. 20. The driver assistance system of claim 19, wherein the serial interface circuits comprise no crystal to control a frequency of the clock. | A driver assistance system includes a first camera, a second camera, a first serial interface circuit, a second serial interface circuit, and a hub interface circuit. The first serial interface circuit is coupled to the first camera. The second serial interface circuit is coupled to the second camera. The hub interface circuit is coupled to the first serial interface circuit and the second serial interface circuit. The hub interface circuit is configured to receive transmissions from the first serial interface circuit and the second serial interface circuit, and to transmit control information to the first serial interface circuit and the second serial interface circuit. The hub interface is also configured to encode a clock signal in the control information.1. A driver assistance system, comprising:
a first camera; a first serial interface circuit coupled to the first camera; a second camera; a second serial interface circuit coupled to the second camera; a hub interface circuit coupled to the first serial interface circuit and the second serial interface circuit; wherein the hub interface circuit is configured to:
receive transmissions from the first serial interface circuit and the second serial interface circuit;
transmit control information to the first serial interface circuit and the second serial interface circuit; and
encode a clock signal in the control information. 2. The driver assistance system of claim 1, wherein the first serial interface circuit and the second serial interface circuit each comprise: a clock recovery circuit configured to extract the clock signal from the control information received from the hub interface circuit. 3. The driver assistance system of claim 2, wherein the first serial interface circuit and the second serial interface circuit include clock generation circuitry configured to generate a clock based on the clock signal extracted from the control information. 4. The driver assistance system of claim 3, wherein the first serial interface circuit and the second serial interface circuit include no crystal to control the clock. 5. The driver assistance system of claim 3, wherein the first serial interface circuit and the second serial interface circuit are configured to provide the clock to the first camera and the second camera. 6. The driver assistance system of claim 1, wherein the hub interface circuit is configured to encode a frame sync signal in the control information. 7. The driver assistance system of claim 6, wherein the first serial interface circuit and the second serial interface circuit are configured to extract the frame sync signal from the control information. 8. The driver assistance system of claim 7, wherein the first serial interface circuit and the second serial interface circuit are configured to provide the frame sync signal extracted from the control information to the first camera and the second camera. 9. The driver assistance system of claim 8, wherein the first serial interface circuit and the second serial interface circuit are configured to transmit video data to the hub interface circuit, the video data comprising video frames synchronized to the frame sync signal extracted from the control information. 10. The driver assistance system of claim 1, further comprising:
a first coaxial cable disposed between the hub interface circuit and the first serial interface circuit; and a second coaxial cable disposed between the hub interface circuit and the second serial interface circuit; wherein the hub interface circuit is configured to transmit the control information to the first serial interface circuit via the first coaxial cable; and wherein the hub interface circuit is configured to transmit the control information to the second serial interface circuit via the second coaxial cable. 11. A video control system, comprising:
a hub interface circuit comprising:
a clock generator configured to synchronize a clock signal to a reference clock; and
a plurality of transceivers, each of the transceivers configured to:
communicate bidirectionally with a serial interface circuit; and
encode the clock signal in control information to be transmitted to a serial interface circuit; a plurality of serial interface circuits, each of the serial interface circuits configured to bidirectionally communicate with the hub interface circuit, each of the serial interface circuits comprising:
a clock recovery circuit configured to extract the clock signal from the control information transmitted by the hub interface circuit; and
a camera interface configured to provide, to a camera, a synchronization signal generated from the clock signal extracted from the control information. 12. The video control system of claim 11, wherein each of the serial interface circuits comprise clock generation circuitry configured to generate a clock based on the clock signal extracted from the control information. 13. The video control system of claim 12, wherein the serial interface circuits comprise no crystal to control a frequency of the clock. 14. The video control system of claim 11, wherein the hub interface circuit comprises frame sync generation circuitry configured to generate a frame sync signal; and wherein each of the transceivers is configured to encode the frame sync signal in the control information to be transmitted to a serial interface circuit. 15. The video control system of claim 14, wherein each of the serial interface circuits comprises frame sync recovery circuitry configured to extract the frame sync signal from the control information. 16. The video control system of claim 15, wherein each of the serial interface circuits is configured to provide the frame sync signal extracted from the control information to a camera. 17. The video control system of claim 15, wherein each of the serial interface circuits is configured to transmit video data to the hub interface circuit, the video data comprising video frames synchronized to the frame sync signal extracted from the control information and wherein the video data is synchronized to the synchronization signal. 18. The video control system of claim 11, wherein each of the serial interface circuits is configured to transmit video data to the hub interface circuit over a coaxial cable, and the hub interface circuit is configured to transmit the control information over the coaxial cable. 19. A driver assistance system, comprising:
a hub interface circuit comprising:
a clock generator configured to synchronize a clock signal to a reference clock;
frame sync generation circuitry configured to generate a frame sync signal;
a plurality of transceivers, each of the transceivers configured to:
communicate bidirectionally with a serial interface circuit; and
encode the clock signal and the frame sync signal in control information to be transmitted to a serial interface circuit;
a plurality of serial interface circuits, each of the serial interface circuits configured to bidirectionally communicate with the hub interface circuit, each of the serial interface circuits comprising:
a clock recovery circuit configured to extract the clock signal from the control information transmitted by the hub interface circuit;
clock generation circuitry configured to generate a clock based on the clock signal extracted from the control information;
frame sync recovery circuitry configured to extract the frame sync signal from the control information; and
a camera interface configured to provide the clock and the frame sync signal to a camera; and
a plurality of cameras, each of the cameras coupled to one of the serial interface circuits. 20. The driver assistance system of claim 19, wherein the serial interface circuits comprise no crystal to control a frequency of the clock. | 2,400 |
9,523 | 9,523 | 14,867,371 | 2,477 | Techniques are disclosed relating to a mobile device that initiates handovers from short-range networks to long-range networks. In various embodiments, a mobile device includes one or more radios that communicate using a plurality of radio access technologies (RATs) including a cellular RAT and a short-range RAT. In such an embodiment, the mobile device stores an indication that the cellular RAT is a preferred RAT for a communication session. The mobile may establish the communication session using the preferred RAT, and in response to determining that a quality of the preferred RAT fails to satisfy a set of quality criteria, may request that the communication session use the short-range RAT. In some embodiments, the mobile device analyzes average packet error rate for the communication session and in response to the average packet error rate satisfying a threshold, requests that the communication session use the cellular RAT. | 1. A mobile device, comprising:
one or more radios configured to communicate using a plurality of radio access technologies (RATs) including a cellular RAT and a short-range RAT; wherein the mobile device is configured to:
store an indication that the cellular RAT is a preferred RAT for a communication session;
establish the communication session using the preferred RAT; and
in response to determining that a quality of the preferred RAT fails to satisfy a set of quality criteria, request that the communication session use the short-range RAT. 2. The mobile device of claim 1, wherein the communication session is a voice communication session using a cellular RAT, and wherein the short-range RAT is a WiFi RAT; and
wherein the mobile device is configured to register with an internet protocol multimedia subsystem (IMS) over the short-range RAT in response to the determining. 3. The mobile device of claim 1, wherein the mobile device is configured to:
in response to determining that the quality of the preferred RAT satisfies the set of quality criteria, request that the communication session use the preferred RAT. 4. The mobile device of claim 3, wherein the request that the communication session use the short-range RAT is configured to occur after a delay for a predetermined period. 5. The mobile device of claim 4, wherein the mobile device is configured to:
determine the preferred RAT from the stored indication; and select a length of the predetermined period based on the determined preferred RAT. 6. The mobile device of claim 1, wherein the mobile device is configured to:
analyze an average packet error rate for the communication session while the communication session uses the short-range RAT; and in response to the average packet error rate satisfying a threshold, request that the communication session use the cellular RAT. 7. The mobile device of claim 6, wherein the mobile device is configured to:
in response to the average packet error rate satisfying the threshold, assign the short-range RAT to a blacklist for a remainder of the communication session, wherein the mobile device is configured to not communicate using RATS assigned to the blacklist. 8. The mobile device of claim 1, wherein the stored indication is for a particular application associated with the communication session; and
wherein the mobile device is configured to store a plurality of preferred-RAT indications for a plurality of applications, wherein the plurality of preferred-RAT indications include an indication specifying the short-range RAT as a preferred RAT for communication sessions of an application. 9. The mobile device of claim 1, wherein the determining includes performing a first evaluation of the quality of the preferred RAT based on a first set of quality criteria; and
wherein the mobile device is configured to:
prior to establishing the communication session, perform a second evaluation of the quality of the preferred RAT based on a second set of criteria, wherein the second set of criteria is different from the first set of criteria; and
determine, based on the second evaluation, whether to establish the communication session using the preferred RAT or one of the plurality of RATs that is not specified by the stored indication. 10. The mobile device of claim 9, wherein the first set of quality criteria corresponds to when the mobile device is communicating application data, and wherein the second set of quality criteria corresponds to when the mobile device is not communicating application data. 11. A mobile device, comprising:
a first radio configured to communicate wirelessly with a base station over a cellular link; a second radio configured to communicate wirelessly with an access point over a local area network (LAN) link; wherein the mobile device is configured to:
receive a selection of the cellular link or the LAN link as a preferred link for communication of network traffic;
during communication of network traffic over an active one of the cellular and LAN links, evaluate a quality of the active link; and
determine, based on the quality of the active link, whether to handover the communication to a non-active one of the cellular and LAN links. 12. The mobile device of claim 11, wherein the mobile device is configured to:
prior to the communication, evaluate a quality of the preferred link based on the received selection; and determine, based on the quality of the preferred link, whether to use the preferred link as the active link for the communication. 13. The mobile device of claim 12, wherein the communication is a voice communication, and wherein the mobile device is configured to:
register with an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) over the preferred link in response to determining to use the preferred link as the active link for the communication. 14. The mobile device of claim 12, wherein the communication is a voice communication, and wherein the mobile device is configured to:
register with an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) over a link other than the preferred link in response to determining to not use the preferred link as the active link for the communication. 15. The mobile device of claim 11, further comprising:
a user interface, wherein the mobile device is configured to receive the selection via the user interface. 16. A mobile device, comprising:
a first radio configured to communicate with a base station over a cellular network; a second radio configured to communicate with an access point over a wireless local area network (WLAN); and at least one processor coupled to the first and second radios, wherein the mobile device is configured to:
determine a packet error rate (PER) for a voice communication over the WLAN; and
based on the PER, initiate handing over the voice communication to the cellular network. 17. The mobile device of claim 16, wherein the mobile device is configured to:
based on the PER, assign the WLAN to a blacklist for a remainder of the voice communication, wherein the mobile device is configured to maintain the voice communication over the cellular network in response to the WLAN being assigned to the blacklist. 18. The mobile device of claim 17, wherein assigning the WLAN to the blacklist includes storing a basic service set identification (BSSID) of the access point in the blacklist, wherein the PER is a moving average PER determined over an interval of 15-45 seconds. 19. The mobile device of claim 16, wherein the PER is determined for a real-time transport protocol (RTP) session carrying the voice communication; and
wherein initiating the handing over is further based on one or more of a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) associated with the WLAN. 20. The mobile device of claim 16, wherein the mobile device is configured to:
maintain the voice communication over the cellular network for a predetermined period before evaluating whether to hand over the voice communication to the WLAN. 21. A mobile device, comprising:
a first radio configured to communicate over a first network using a cellular radio access technology (RAT); a second radio configured to communicate over a second network using a short-range RAT; and at least one processor coupled to the first and second radios, wherein the mobile device is configured to:
establish a communication over a selected one of the first and second networks;
during the communication, calculate a number of handovers performed from the selected network; and
in response to the number of handovers satisfying a threshold, assigning the selected network to a blacklist for a remainder of the communication, wherein the mobile device is configured to avoid communication over networks assigned to the blacklist. 22. The mobile device of claim 21, wherein the mobile device is configured to:
receive a selection of the cellular RAT as a preferred RAT for the communication; initially establish the communication using the preferred RAT; and in response to determining that the preferred RAT is unable to support the communication, transmit the communication using the short-range RAT. 23. The mobile device of claim 22, wherein the selection is received from a carrier operating the first network. 24. The mobile device of claim 22, wherein the mobile device is configured to:
after establishing the communication using the preferred RAT, wait for a particular interval before transmitting the communication using the short-range RAT. 25. The mobile device of claim 21, wherein the communication is a voice communication, wherein the short-range RAT is a WiFi RAT, and wherein the cellular RAT is a packet-switched RAT. | Techniques are disclosed relating to a mobile device that initiates handovers from short-range networks to long-range networks. In various embodiments, a mobile device includes one or more radios that communicate using a plurality of radio access technologies (RATs) including a cellular RAT and a short-range RAT. In such an embodiment, the mobile device stores an indication that the cellular RAT is a preferred RAT for a communication session. The mobile may establish the communication session using the preferred RAT, and in response to determining that a quality of the preferred RAT fails to satisfy a set of quality criteria, may request that the communication session use the short-range RAT. In some embodiments, the mobile device analyzes average packet error rate for the communication session and in response to the average packet error rate satisfying a threshold, requests that the communication session use the cellular RAT.1. A mobile device, comprising:
one or more radios configured to communicate using a plurality of radio access technologies (RATs) including a cellular RAT and a short-range RAT; wherein the mobile device is configured to:
store an indication that the cellular RAT is a preferred RAT for a communication session;
establish the communication session using the preferred RAT; and
in response to determining that a quality of the preferred RAT fails to satisfy a set of quality criteria, request that the communication session use the short-range RAT. 2. The mobile device of claim 1, wherein the communication session is a voice communication session using a cellular RAT, and wherein the short-range RAT is a WiFi RAT; and
wherein the mobile device is configured to register with an internet protocol multimedia subsystem (IMS) over the short-range RAT in response to the determining. 3. The mobile device of claim 1, wherein the mobile device is configured to:
in response to determining that the quality of the preferred RAT satisfies the set of quality criteria, request that the communication session use the preferred RAT. 4. The mobile device of claim 3, wherein the request that the communication session use the short-range RAT is configured to occur after a delay for a predetermined period. 5. The mobile device of claim 4, wherein the mobile device is configured to:
determine the preferred RAT from the stored indication; and select a length of the predetermined period based on the determined preferred RAT. 6. The mobile device of claim 1, wherein the mobile device is configured to:
analyze an average packet error rate for the communication session while the communication session uses the short-range RAT; and in response to the average packet error rate satisfying a threshold, request that the communication session use the cellular RAT. 7. The mobile device of claim 6, wherein the mobile device is configured to:
in response to the average packet error rate satisfying the threshold, assign the short-range RAT to a blacklist for a remainder of the communication session, wherein the mobile device is configured to not communicate using RATS assigned to the blacklist. 8. The mobile device of claim 1, wherein the stored indication is for a particular application associated with the communication session; and
wherein the mobile device is configured to store a plurality of preferred-RAT indications for a plurality of applications, wherein the plurality of preferred-RAT indications include an indication specifying the short-range RAT as a preferred RAT for communication sessions of an application. 9. The mobile device of claim 1, wherein the determining includes performing a first evaluation of the quality of the preferred RAT based on a first set of quality criteria; and
wherein the mobile device is configured to:
prior to establishing the communication session, perform a second evaluation of the quality of the preferred RAT based on a second set of criteria, wherein the second set of criteria is different from the first set of criteria; and
determine, based on the second evaluation, whether to establish the communication session using the preferred RAT or one of the plurality of RATs that is not specified by the stored indication. 10. The mobile device of claim 9, wherein the first set of quality criteria corresponds to when the mobile device is communicating application data, and wherein the second set of quality criteria corresponds to when the mobile device is not communicating application data. 11. A mobile device, comprising:
a first radio configured to communicate wirelessly with a base station over a cellular link; a second radio configured to communicate wirelessly with an access point over a local area network (LAN) link; wherein the mobile device is configured to:
receive a selection of the cellular link or the LAN link as a preferred link for communication of network traffic;
during communication of network traffic over an active one of the cellular and LAN links, evaluate a quality of the active link; and
determine, based on the quality of the active link, whether to handover the communication to a non-active one of the cellular and LAN links. 12. The mobile device of claim 11, wherein the mobile device is configured to:
prior to the communication, evaluate a quality of the preferred link based on the received selection; and determine, based on the quality of the preferred link, whether to use the preferred link as the active link for the communication. 13. The mobile device of claim 12, wherein the communication is a voice communication, and wherein the mobile device is configured to:
register with an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) over the preferred link in response to determining to use the preferred link as the active link for the communication. 14. The mobile device of claim 12, wherein the communication is a voice communication, and wherein the mobile device is configured to:
register with an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) over a link other than the preferred link in response to determining to not use the preferred link as the active link for the communication. 15. The mobile device of claim 11, further comprising:
a user interface, wherein the mobile device is configured to receive the selection via the user interface. 16. A mobile device, comprising:
a first radio configured to communicate with a base station over a cellular network; a second radio configured to communicate with an access point over a wireless local area network (WLAN); and at least one processor coupled to the first and second radios, wherein the mobile device is configured to:
determine a packet error rate (PER) for a voice communication over the WLAN; and
based on the PER, initiate handing over the voice communication to the cellular network. 17. The mobile device of claim 16, wherein the mobile device is configured to:
based on the PER, assign the WLAN to a blacklist for a remainder of the voice communication, wherein the mobile device is configured to maintain the voice communication over the cellular network in response to the WLAN being assigned to the blacklist. 18. The mobile device of claim 17, wherein assigning the WLAN to the blacklist includes storing a basic service set identification (BSSID) of the access point in the blacklist, wherein the PER is a moving average PER determined over an interval of 15-45 seconds. 19. The mobile device of claim 16, wherein the PER is determined for a real-time transport protocol (RTP) session carrying the voice communication; and
wherein initiating the handing over is further based on one or more of a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) associated with the WLAN. 20. The mobile device of claim 16, wherein the mobile device is configured to:
maintain the voice communication over the cellular network for a predetermined period before evaluating whether to hand over the voice communication to the WLAN. 21. A mobile device, comprising:
a first radio configured to communicate over a first network using a cellular radio access technology (RAT); a second radio configured to communicate over a second network using a short-range RAT; and at least one processor coupled to the first and second radios, wherein the mobile device is configured to:
establish a communication over a selected one of the first and second networks;
during the communication, calculate a number of handovers performed from the selected network; and
in response to the number of handovers satisfying a threshold, assigning the selected network to a blacklist for a remainder of the communication, wherein the mobile device is configured to avoid communication over networks assigned to the blacklist. 22. The mobile device of claim 21, wherein the mobile device is configured to:
receive a selection of the cellular RAT as a preferred RAT for the communication; initially establish the communication using the preferred RAT; and in response to determining that the preferred RAT is unable to support the communication, transmit the communication using the short-range RAT. 23. The mobile device of claim 22, wherein the selection is received from a carrier operating the first network. 24. The mobile device of claim 22, wherein the mobile device is configured to:
after establishing the communication using the preferred RAT, wait for a particular interval before transmitting the communication using the short-range RAT. 25. The mobile device of claim 21, wherein the communication is a voice communication, wherein the short-range RAT is a WiFi RAT, and wherein the cellular RAT is a packet-switched RAT. | 2,400 |
9,524 | 9,524 | 13,284,354 | 2,459 | A system and method for controlling and consuming content are disclosed. The method, in one aspect, provides for rendering first content on a first device and rendering second content on a second device in response to a signal from the first device. The second content may be contextually related to the first content. | 1. A method for consuming content, the method comprising:
rendering first content on a first device; and rendering second content on a second device in response to a signal from the first device, the second content contextually relating to the first content. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the signal comprises synchronization information relating to the rendering of the first content. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the second content is synchronized with the first content in response to the signal. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the signal comprises tuning information for tuning the second device to a specific source of the second content. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first device is an Internet Protocol compatible device having a first display. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first device comprises a display and the signal is transmitted as an encoded light. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the second device includes a light sensor for receiving the encoded light signal. 8. A method comprising:
rendering a content control element on a first device; receiving an activation of the content control element, whereby a signal is transmitted from the first device to a second device to control second content rendered by the second device; and rendering first content on the first device contextually relating to the second content rendered by the second device in response to the activation of the content control element. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the signal comprises tuning information for tuning the second device to a specific source of the second content. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the signal comprises control information for causing the second device to record the second content. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the signal comprises synchronization information relating to the rendering of the first content. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the second content is synchronized with the first content in response to the signal. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the first device is an Internet compatible device having a first display. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the content control element is a user selectable element. 15. The method of claim 8, wherein the first content on the first device comprises supplemental information contextually relating to the second content provided by the second device. 16. A system comprising:
a first device for rendering first content; and a communication element in communication with the first device and a second device, wherein the communication element is adapted to transmit a signal to the second device to control second content rendered by the second device, and wherein the second content is contextually related to the first content. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the first device is a set top box in signal communication with a display for rendering the first content. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the communication element is configured to receive data from the first device relating to the first content. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the signal comprises synchronization information relating to the first content. 20. A system comprising:
a processor in signal communication with at least two devices, the processor configured to:
receive first content data and second content data, wherein the first content data is contextually related to the second content data; and
route the first content data to a first one of the plurality of devices and the second data to a second one of the plurality of devices based upon an attribute of the first content data and an attribute of the second content data. | A system and method for controlling and consuming content are disclosed. The method, in one aspect, provides for rendering first content on a first device and rendering second content on a second device in response to a signal from the first device. The second content may be contextually related to the first content.1. A method for consuming content, the method comprising:
rendering first content on a first device; and rendering second content on a second device in response to a signal from the first device, the second content contextually relating to the first content. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the signal comprises synchronization information relating to the rendering of the first content. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the second content is synchronized with the first content in response to the signal. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the signal comprises tuning information for tuning the second device to a specific source of the second content. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first device is an Internet Protocol compatible device having a first display. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first device comprises a display and the signal is transmitted as an encoded light. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the second device includes a light sensor for receiving the encoded light signal. 8. A method comprising:
rendering a content control element on a first device; receiving an activation of the content control element, whereby a signal is transmitted from the first device to a second device to control second content rendered by the second device; and rendering first content on the first device contextually relating to the second content rendered by the second device in response to the activation of the content control element. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the signal comprises tuning information for tuning the second device to a specific source of the second content. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the signal comprises control information for causing the second device to record the second content. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the signal comprises synchronization information relating to the rendering of the first content. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the second content is synchronized with the first content in response to the signal. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the first device is an Internet compatible device having a first display. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the content control element is a user selectable element. 15. The method of claim 8, wherein the first content on the first device comprises supplemental information contextually relating to the second content provided by the second device. 16. A system comprising:
a first device for rendering first content; and a communication element in communication with the first device and a second device, wherein the communication element is adapted to transmit a signal to the second device to control second content rendered by the second device, and wherein the second content is contextually related to the first content. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the first device is a set top box in signal communication with a display for rendering the first content. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the communication element is configured to receive data from the first device relating to the first content. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the signal comprises synchronization information relating to the first content. 20. A system comprising:
a processor in signal communication with at least two devices, the processor configured to:
receive first content data and second content data, wherein the first content data is contextually related to the second content data; and
route the first content data to a first one of the plurality of devices and the second data to a second one of the plurality of devices based upon an attribute of the first content data and an attribute of the second content data. | 2,400 |
9,525 | 9,525 | 16,179,971 | 2,462 | Some embodiments provide a novel method for distributing control-channel communication load between multiple controllers in a network control system. In some embodiments, the controllers manage physical forwarding elements that forward data between several computing devices (also called hosts or host computers), some or all of which execute one or more virtual machines (VMs). The method of some embodiments distributes a controller assignment list to the host computers. The host computers use this list to identify the controllers with which they need to interact to perform some of the forwarding operations of their associated logical forwarding elements. In some embodiments, agents executing on the host computers (1) review the controller assignment list to identify the appropriate controllers, and (2) establish control channel communications with these controllers to obtain the needed data for effectuating the forwarding operations of their associated physical forwarding elements. These agents in some embodiments are responsible for out-of-band control channel communication with the controllers. | 1-25. (canceled) 26. A non-transitory machine readable medium storing a program that selects one of a plurality of controllers for different logical forwarding elements (LFEs) implemented by a first physical forwarding element (PFE) executing on a first computer and PFEs executing on other computers, the program for execution by at least one processing unit of the first computer, the program comprising sets of instructions for:
receiving a controller assignment list that, based on a common range of index values, specifies first and second controllers for first and second ranges of index values; for a first LFE, generating a first index value based on an identifier of the first LFE and using the first index value to identify the first controller in the controller assignment list as the first LFE's controller; for a second LFE, generating a second index value based on an identifier of the second LFE and using the second index value to identify a second controller in the controller assignment list as the second LFE's controller, said second controller being a different controller than the first controller; and communicating with the identified controller of each LFE to perform a plurality of operations associated with each LFE. 27. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 26, wherein the plurality of controllers execute on a set of one or more computers that does not include the first computer 28. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 26, wherein the plurality of controllers form a controller cluster managed by a master controller, wherein the master controller generates and distributes a controller assignment list to other controllers of the controller cluster. 29. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 26, wherein the set of instructions for generating either the first index value or the second index values comprises a set of instructions for using a hashing function to generate a hash index value from the first or second LFE identifier. 30. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 26, wherein the first and second LFEs are first and second logical switches or first and second logical routers implemented by a plurality of software switches or software routers executing on a plurality of computers. 31. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 26, wherein the program further comprises sets of instructions for:
after identifying the first controller, establishing a control channel connection with the first controller; using the control channel with the first controller to receive data to effectuate a subset of operations for the first LFE; after identifying the second controller, establishing a control channel connection with the second controller; using the control channel with the second controller to receive data to effectuate a subset of operations for the second LFE. 32. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 26, wherein the controller assignment list is a first controller assignment list and the program further comprises a set of instructions for receiving a new second controller assignment list whenever a new controller is added to the plurality of controllers, the second controller assignment list having at least one index range that is not in the first controller assignment list. 33. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 26, wherein the controller assignment list is a first controller assignment list and the program further comprises a set of instructions for receiving a new second controller assignment list whenever a controller is removed from the plurality of controllers, the second controller assignment list having at least one index range that is not in the first controller assignment list. 34. For a network control system that includes a plurality of host computers that execute a plurality of physical forwarding elements (PFEs) that collectively implement a plurality of logical forwarding elements (LFEs), a method of managing the LFEs comprising:
collecting statistics regarding operations of the host computers relating to the LFEs; based on the gathered statistics, assigning a particular controller to a particular LFE; providing a plurality of hosts that execute PFEs that implement the particular LFE data to specify that the particular controller has been assigned to the particular LFE, the plurality of hosts communicating with the particular controller to receive data for performing operations associated with the particular LFE. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein providing the plurality of hosts comprises:
receiving a request from a particular host computer for a controller for the particular LFE; and providing an identifier for the particular controller to the particular host computer. 36. The method of claim 34, wherein
assigning the particular controller to the particular LFE comprises generating a controller assignment list that assigns the particular controller to the particular LFE, and providing data to the plurality of hosts comprises providing the generated controller assignment list of the plurality of hosts. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein
the controller assignment list comprises a plurality of ranges of index values and a controller identifier identifying a controller for each range of index values, and the host computers generate index values from identifiers of the LFEs to identify index value ranges, which, in turn, specify controller identifiers on the controller assignment list to identify controllers for the LFEs. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the index values are hash values and the host computers generate index values by performing hash computations on the LFE identifiers. 39. The method of claim 34, wherein assigning the particular controller to the particular LFE comprises assigning, based on the gathered statistics, different controllers to different sets of LFEs in order to distribute evenly the load on each controller. 40. The method of claim 34, wherein the statistics include at least one of:
a number of machines assigned to each controller, a number of packets passing through the LFEs, and a number of host-controller connections for each controller. 41. The method of claim 34 further comprising:
periodically determining whether load the controllers are evenly balanced; and
when the load is assessed not to be evenly balanced, re-specifying the LFE assignments to the controllers to balance the load. 42. A non-transitory machine readable medium storing a program that selects one of a plurality of controllers for different logical forwarding elements (LFEs) implemented by physical forwarding elements (PFE) executing on host computers, the program for execution by at least one processing unit of a computer, the program comprising sets of instructions for:
collecting statistics regarding operations of the host computers relating to the LFEs; based on the gathered statistics, assigning a particular controller to a particular LFE; providing a plurality of hosts that execute PFEs that implement the particular LFE data to specify that the particular controller has been assigned to the particular LFE, the plurality of hosts communicating with the particular controller to receive data for performing operations associated with the particular LFE. 43. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 42, wherein providing the plurality of hosts comprises:
receiving a request from a particular host computer for a controller for the particular LFE; and providing an identifier for the particular controller to the particular host computer. 44. The method of claim 43, wherein
assigning the particular controller to the particular LFE comprises generating a controller assignment list that assigns the particular controller to the particular LFE, and providing data to the plurality of hosts comprises providing the generated controller assignment list of the plurality of hosts. 45. The method of claim 44, wherein
the controller assignment list comprises a plurality of ranges of index values and a controller identifier identifying a controller for each range of index values, and the host computers generate index values from identifiers of the LFEs to identify index value ranges, which, in turn, specify controller identifiers on the controller assignment list to identify controllers for the LFEs. | Some embodiments provide a novel method for distributing control-channel communication load between multiple controllers in a network control system. In some embodiments, the controllers manage physical forwarding elements that forward data between several computing devices (also called hosts or host computers), some or all of which execute one or more virtual machines (VMs). The method of some embodiments distributes a controller assignment list to the host computers. The host computers use this list to identify the controllers with which they need to interact to perform some of the forwarding operations of their associated logical forwarding elements. In some embodiments, agents executing on the host computers (1) review the controller assignment list to identify the appropriate controllers, and (2) establish control channel communications with these controllers to obtain the needed data for effectuating the forwarding operations of their associated physical forwarding elements. These agents in some embodiments are responsible for out-of-band control channel communication with the controllers.1-25. (canceled) 26. A non-transitory machine readable medium storing a program that selects one of a plurality of controllers for different logical forwarding elements (LFEs) implemented by a first physical forwarding element (PFE) executing on a first computer and PFEs executing on other computers, the program for execution by at least one processing unit of the first computer, the program comprising sets of instructions for:
receiving a controller assignment list that, based on a common range of index values, specifies first and second controllers for first and second ranges of index values; for a first LFE, generating a first index value based on an identifier of the first LFE and using the first index value to identify the first controller in the controller assignment list as the first LFE's controller; for a second LFE, generating a second index value based on an identifier of the second LFE and using the second index value to identify a second controller in the controller assignment list as the second LFE's controller, said second controller being a different controller than the first controller; and communicating with the identified controller of each LFE to perform a plurality of operations associated with each LFE. 27. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 26, wherein the plurality of controllers execute on a set of one or more computers that does not include the first computer 28. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 26, wherein the plurality of controllers form a controller cluster managed by a master controller, wherein the master controller generates and distributes a controller assignment list to other controllers of the controller cluster. 29. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 26, wherein the set of instructions for generating either the first index value or the second index values comprises a set of instructions for using a hashing function to generate a hash index value from the first or second LFE identifier. 30. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 26, wherein the first and second LFEs are first and second logical switches or first and second logical routers implemented by a plurality of software switches or software routers executing on a plurality of computers. 31. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 26, wherein the program further comprises sets of instructions for:
after identifying the first controller, establishing a control channel connection with the first controller; using the control channel with the first controller to receive data to effectuate a subset of operations for the first LFE; after identifying the second controller, establishing a control channel connection with the second controller; using the control channel with the second controller to receive data to effectuate a subset of operations for the second LFE. 32. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 26, wherein the controller assignment list is a first controller assignment list and the program further comprises a set of instructions for receiving a new second controller assignment list whenever a new controller is added to the plurality of controllers, the second controller assignment list having at least one index range that is not in the first controller assignment list. 33. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 26, wherein the controller assignment list is a first controller assignment list and the program further comprises a set of instructions for receiving a new second controller assignment list whenever a controller is removed from the plurality of controllers, the second controller assignment list having at least one index range that is not in the first controller assignment list. 34. For a network control system that includes a plurality of host computers that execute a plurality of physical forwarding elements (PFEs) that collectively implement a plurality of logical forwarding elements (LFEs), a method of managing the LFEs comprising:
collecting statistics regarding operations of the host computers relating to the LFEs; based on the gathered statistics, assigning a particular controller to a particular LFE; providing a plurality of hosts that execute PFEs that implement the particular LFE data to specify that the particular controller has been assigned to the particular LFE, the plurality of hosts communicating with the particular controller to receive data for performing operations associated with the particular LFE. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein providing the plurality of hosts comprises:
receiving a request from a particular host computer for a controller for the particular LFE; and providing an identifier for the particular controller to the particular host computer. 36. The method of claim 34, wherein
assigning the particular controller to the particular LFE comprises generating a controller assignment list that assigns the particular controller to the particular LFE, and providing data to the plurality of hosts comprises providing the generated controller assignment list of the plurality of hosts. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein
the controller assignment list comprises a plurality of ranges of index values and a controller identifier identifying a controller for each range of index values, and the host computers generate index values from identifiers of the LFEs to identify index value ranges, which, in turn, specify controller identifiers on the controller assignment list to identify controllers for the LFEs. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the index values are hash values and the host computers generate index values by performing hash computations on the LFE identifiers. 39. The method of claim 34, wherein assigning the particular controller to the particular LFE comprises assigning, based on the gathered statistics, different controllers to different sets of LFEs in order to distribute evenly the load on each controller. 40. The method of claim 34, wherein the statistics include at least one of:
a number of machines assigned to each controller, a number of packets passing through the LFEs, and a number of host-controller connections for each controller. 41. The method of claim 34 further comprising:
periodically determining whether load the controllers are evenly balanced; and
when the load is assessed not to be evenly balanced, re-specifying the LFE assignments to the controllers to balance the load. 42. A non-transitory machine readable medium storing a program that selects one of a plurality of controllers for different logical forwarding elements (LFEs) implemented by physical forwarding elements (PFE) executing on host computers, the program for execution by at least one processing unit of a computer, the program comprising sets of instructions for:
collecting statistics regarding operations of the host computers relating to the LFEs; based on the gathered statistics, assigning a particular controller to a particular LFE; providing a plurality of hosts that execute PFEs that implement the particular LFE data to specify that the particular controller has been assigned to the particular LFE, the plurality of hosts communicating with the particular controller to receive data for performing operations associated with the particular LFE. 43. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 42, wherein providing the plurality of hosts comprises:
receiving a request from a particular host computer for a controller for the particular LFE; and providing an identifier for the particular controller to the particular host computer. 44. The method of claim 43, wherein
assigning the particular controller to the particular LFE comprises generating a controller assignment list that assigns the particular controller to the particular LFE, and providing data to the plurality of hosts comprises providing the generated controller assignment list of the plurality of hosts. 45. The method of claim 44, wherein
the controller assignment list comprises a plurality of ranges of index values and a controller identifier identifying a controller for each range of index values, and the host computers generate index values from identifiers of the LFEs to identify index value ranges, which, in turn, specify controller identifiers on the controller assignment list to identify controllers for the LFEs. | 2,400 |
9,526 | 9,526 | 16,807,830 | 2,495 | Method and system for improving the security of storing digital data in a memory or its delivery as a message over the Internet from a sender to a receiver using one or more hops is disclosed. The message is split at the sender into multiple overlapping or non-overlapping slices according to a slicing scheme, and the slices are encapsulated in packets each destined to a different relay server as an intermediate node according to a delivery scheme. The relay servers relay the received slices to another other relay server or to the receiver. Upon receiving all the packets containing all the slices, the receiver combines the slices reversing the slicing scheme, whereby reconstructing the message sent. | 1. A method for anonymously sending a message from a client device to a first device over the Internet via a server device that serves as an intermediate or relay device, wherein each of the client device, the first device, and the server device is addressed using a respective Internet Protocol (IP) address, for use with a list of IP addresses, the method comprising:
sending, by the client device to the server device, the message; receiving, by the server device from the client device, the message; responsive to receiving, by the server device from the client device, of the message, selecting, by the server device, a selected IP address from the list; sending, by the server device to the first device, the message, using the selected IP address; and receiving, by the first device from the server device, the message, wherein the sending, by the server device to the first device, of the message uses an IP address as a source address that is distinct from the IP address of the client device so that the identity of the client device is not known to the first device. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the client device and the server device are located at different geographical locations, or wherein the first device and the server device are located at different geographical locations. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the different geographical locations are different continents, countries, states, or cities. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the client device stores the IP address of the server device, and wherein the sending, by the client device to the server device, of the message, uses the stored IP address of the server device. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising, typing, by a human user using a keyboard that is part of, or connected to, the client device, a set of characters, and wherein the message is responsive to the set of characters, or wherein the method further comprising, executing, by the client device, software application, wherein the message is generated by the software application. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the message consists of, or comprises, a collection of characters, numbers, images, symbols, letters, numerical digits, punctuation marks, American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) characters, or any combination thereof. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the message consists of, or comprises, an IP address. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the server device consists of, comprises, or is integrated with, a web server, a database server, a mail server, a database server, a proxy server, a FTP server, or a DNS server. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first device consists of, comprises, or is integrated with, an additional server device, which consists of, comprises, or is integrated with, a web server, a database server, a mail server, a proxy server, a FTP server, or a DNS server. 10. The method according to claim 1, for use with an additional server device, the method further comprising:
sending, by the client device to the additional server device, the message; receiving, by the additional server device from the client device, the message; sending, by the additional server device to the first device, the message; and receiving, by the first device from the additional server device, the message, wherein the sending, by the additional server device to the first device, of the message uses an IP address as a source address that is distinct from the IP address of the client device so that the identity of the client device is not known to the first device. 11. The method according to claim 1, further comprising storing, by the first device, the message. 12. The method according to claim 1, for use with a content identified by a content identifier, wherein the message comprises the content identifier. 13. The method according to claim 12, further comprising extracting, by the first device, the content identifier; and identifying, by the first device, the content by using the content identifier; and storing, by the first device, the content. 14. The method according to claim 1, for use with an additional message, the method further comprising:
sending, by the first device to the server device, the additional message; receiving, by the server device from the first device, the additional message; sending, by the server device to the client device, the additional message; and receiving, by the client device from the server device, the additional message. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the additional message is identical, or associated with, the message. 16. The method according to claim 14, wherein the server device stores the IP address of the client device, and wherein the sending, by the server device to the client device, of the additional message uses the stored IP address. 17. The method according to claim 16, further comprising storing, by the server device, the IP address or the client device, and wherein the method further comprising storing, by the first device, the message. 18. The method according to claim 1, for use with multiple devices, further comprising receiving or storing, by the server device, the list of IP addresses, wherein each of the IP addresses in the list serves as an IP address of a distinct one of the multiple devices. 19. The method according to claim 18, further comprising:
sending, by the server device to the device from the multiple devices that is addressed by the selected IP address, the message; receiving, by the selected IP addressed device from the server device, the message; and sending, by the selected IP addressed device to the first device, the message. 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein the selecting of the IP address from the list is based on that the client device and the selected IP addressed device are located at different continents, countries, states, or cities. 21. The method according to claim 20, wherein the selecting of the IP address from the list is based on that the first device and the selected IP addressed device are located at different continents, countries, states, or cities. 22. The method according to claim 1, for use with a content that is composed of multiple content parts, wherein the message comprises, or consists of, one or more of the multiple content parts. 23. The method according to claim 1, wherein the client device consists of, comprises, or is integrated with, a portable device or a handheld device. 24. The method according to claim 23, wherein the client device consists of, comprises, or is integrated with, a laptop computer, a cellular telephone, am image processing device, a digital camera, or a video recorder. 25. The method according to claim 1, for use with a second device, wherein the sending, by the server device to the first device, of the message comprises sending, by the server device to the second device, the message; receiving, by the second device from the server device, the message; and sending, by the second device to the first device, the content. 26. The method according to claim 1, further comprising encrypting, by the client device, the message, and wherein the sending, by the client device to the server device, of the message comprises sending, by the client device to the server device, of the encrypted message. 27. The method according to claim 26, further comprising decrypting, by the server device or the first device, the received encrypted message. 28. The method according to claim 26, wherein the encrypting comprises, or is based on, or uses, public-key based cryptography or the Rivest—Shamir—Adleman (RSA) algorithm 29. The method according to claim 26, wherein the encrypting comprises, or is based on, or uses, a secured protocol, which comprises, or is based on, or uses, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), Transport Layer Security (TLS), or IP Security (IPsec). | Method and system for improving the security of storing digital data in a memory or its delivery as a message over the Internet from a sender to a receiver using one or more hops is disclosed. The message is split at the sender into multiple overlapping or non-overlapping slices according to a slicing scheme, and the slices are encapsulated in packets each destined to a different relay server as an intermediate node according to a delivery scheme. The relay servers relay the received slices to another other relay server or to the receiver. Upon receiving all the packets containing all the slices, the receiver combines the slices reversing the slicing scheme, whereby reconstructing the message sent.1. A method for anonymously sending a message from a client device to a first device over the Internet via a server device that serves as an intermediate or relay device, wherein each of the client device, the first device, and the server device is addressed using a respective Internet Protocol (IP) address, for use with a list of IP addresses, the method comprising:
sending, by the client device to the server device, the message; receiving, by the server device from the client device, the message; responsive to receiving, by the server device from the client device, of the message, selecting, by the server device, a selected IP address from the list; sending, by the server device to the first device, the message, using the selected IP address; and receiving, by the first device from the server device, the message, wherein the sending, by the server device to the first device, of the message uses an IP address as a source address that is distinct from the IP address of the client device so that the identity of the client device is not known to the first device. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the client device and the server device are located at different geographical locations, or wherein the first device and the server device are located at different geographical locations. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the different geographical locations are different continents, countries, states, or cities. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the client device stores the IP address of the server device, and wherein the sending, by the client device to the server device, of the message, uses the stored IP address of the server device. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising, typing, by a human user using a keyboard that is part of, or connected to, the client device, a set of characters, and wherein the message is responsive to the set of characters, or wherein the method further comprising, executing, by the client device, software application, wherein the message is generated by the software application. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the message consists of, or comprises, a collection of characters, numbers, images, symbols, letters, numerical digits, punctuation marks, American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) characters, or any combination thereof. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the message consists of, or comprises, an IP address. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the server device consists of, comprises, or is integrated with, a web server, a database server, a mail server, a database server, a proxy server, a FTP server, or a DNS server. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first device consists of, comprises, or is integrated with, an additional server device, which consists of, comprises, or is integrated with, a web server, a database server, a mail server, a proxy server, a FTP server, or a DNS server. 10. The method according to claim 1, for use with an additional server device, the method further comprising:
sending, by the client device to the additional server device, the message; receiving, by the additional server device from the client device, the message; sending, by the additional server device to the first device, the message; and receiving, by the first device from the additional server device, the message, wherein the sending, by the additional server device to the first device, of the message uses an IP address as a source address that is distinct from the IP address of the client device so that the identity of the client device is not known to the first device. 11. The method according to claim 1, further comprising storing, by the first device, the message. 12. The method according to claim 1, for use with a content identified by a content identifier, wherein the message comprises the content identifier. 13. The method according to claim 12, further comprising extracting, by the first device, the content identifier; and identifying, by the first device, the content by using the content identifier; and storing, by the first device, the content. 14. The method according to claim 1, for use with an additional message, the method further comprising:
sending, by the first device to the server device, the additional message; receiving, by the server device from the first device, the additional message; sending, by the server device to the client device, the additional message; and receiving, by the client device from the server device, the additional message. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the additional message is identical, or associated with, the message. 16. The method according to claim 14, wherein the server device stores the IP address of the client device, and wherein the sending, by the server device to the client device, of the additional message uses the stored IP address. 17. The method according to claim 16, further comprising storing, by the server device, the IP address or the client device, and wherein the method further comprising storing, by the first device, the message. 18. The method according to claim 1, for use with multiple devices, further comprising receiving or storing, by the server device, the list of IP addresses, wherein each of the IP addresses in the list serves as an IP address of a distinct one of the multiple devices. 19. The method according to claim 18, further comprising:
sending, by the server device to the device from the multiple devices that is addressed by the selected IP address, the message; receiving, by the selected IP addressed device from the server device, the message; and sending, by the selected IP addressed device to the first device, the message. 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein the selecting of the IP address from the list is based on that the client device and the selected IP addressed device are located at different continents, countries, states, or cities. 21. The method according to claim 20, wherein the selecting of the IP address from the list is based on that the first device and the selected IP addressed device are located at different continents, countries, states, or cities. 22. The method according to claim 1, for use with a content that is composed of multiple content parts, wherein the message comprises, or consists of, one or more of the multiple content parts. 23. The method according to claim 1, wherein the client device consists of, comprises, or is integrated with, a portable device or a handheld device. 24. The method according to claim 23, wherein the client device consists of, comprises, or is integrated with, a laptop computer, a cellular telephone, am image processing device, a digital camera, or a video recorder. 25. The method according to claim 1, for use with a second device, wherein the sending, by the server device to the first device, of the message comprises sending, by the server device to the second device, the message; receiving, by the second device from the server device, the message; and sending, by the second device to the first device, the content. 26. The method according to claim 1, further comprising encrypting, by the client device, the message, and wherein the sending, by the client device to the server device, of the message comprises sending, by the client device to the server device, of the encrypted message. 27. The method according to claim 26, further comprising decrypting, by the server device or the first device, the received encrypted message. 28. The method according to claim 26, wherein the encrypting comprises, or is based on, or uses, public-key based cryptography or the Rivest—Shamir—Adleman (RSA) algorithm 29. The method according to claim 26, wherein the encrypting comprises, or is based on, or uses, a secured protocol, which comprises, or is based on, or uses, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), Transport Layer Security (TLS), or IP Security (IPsec). | 2,400 |
9,527 | 9,527 | 15,459,762 | 2,467 | The present disclosure relates to a device-to-device (D2D) content providing method, and relates to a method for enabling D2D content transmission through a link with a communication control server for supporting D2D content transmission. To this end, the D2D content providing method can comprise the steps of: generating, by a terminal, an adjacent terminal list by searching for at least one connectable adjacent terminal; transmitting, to a communication control server, the adjacent terminal list and a D2D communication request for content including information on an available communication interface by the terminal; receiving, from the communication control server, information on one or more content providing terminals, which can provide the content selected on the basis of the information on the communication interface among adjacent terminals included in the adjacent terminal list, by the terminal; and making a request, to the content providing terminal, and receiving the content by the terminal. | 1. A device-to-device (D2D) content providing method at a device, the method comprising:
creating a neighboring device list by discovering at least one connectible neighboring device; transmitting a D2D communication request for content to a communication control server, the request including the neighboring device list and information about an available communication interface; receiving from the communication control server, information about one or more content providing devices selected from among neighboring devices contained in the neighboring device list, based on the information about the communication interface; and requesting and receiving content from the content providing device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said creating the neighboring device list includes:
obtaining identification information about at least one other device through a D2D discovery message transmitted and received within a specific range, obtaining the identification information about the at least one other device by emitting the D2D discovery message within the specific range and then receiving a corresponding response message, or obtaining the identification information about the at least one other device through interworking with a digital unit (DU) connected with one or more radio units (RUs) located in an access network accessed by the device, and creating the neighboring device list by defining the obtained identification information about the other device as a neighboring device. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said creating the neighboring device list comprises:
discovering connectible one or more other devices; calculating a content transmission quality factor between the discovered other devices; and selecting other device having the calculated content transmission quality factor greater than a given value, and then creating the neighboring device list by defining the selected other device as the neighboring device. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
if the at least one connectible neighboring device is not discovered at the creating the neighboring device list, transmitting the D2D communication request including only the information about the available communication interface to the communication control server; receiving from the communication control server, the information about the one or more content providing devices selected based on the information about the communication interface; and requesting and receiving content from the content providing device. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the information about the communication interface includes communication interface information about at least one of Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, LTE (Long Term Evolution), and 3G communication which are available at the device. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
when the content providing device exists more than one, merging contents received from the content providing devices. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmitting further comprises:
transmitting a content possession list, which is a list of one or more contents possessed by the device, to the communication control server. 8. A device-to-device (D2D) content providing method at a communication control server for controlling D2D communication, the method comprising:
receiving a D2D communication request for content from one device, the request including a neighboring device list; identifying a device list of other devices having the content requested by the device by interworking with a device management server for managing information about devices having contents; selecting one or more content providing devices by checking the neighboring device list received from the device and the device list identified through the device management server; and if the selected content providing devices exist more than two, extracting a final content providing device by comparing information about communication interfaces available in the device with information about communication interfaces available in each of the content providing devices and then transmitting information about the final content providing device to the device, or arranging the content providing devices according to predetermined priorities of communication interfaces and then transmitting a list of the arranged content providing devices to the device. | The present disclosure relates to a device-to-device (D2D) content providing method, and relates to a method for enabling D2D content transmission through a link with a communication control server for supporting D2D content transmission. To this end, the D2D content providing method can comprise the steps of: generating, by a terminal, an adjacent terminal list by searching for at least one connectable adjacent terminal; transmitting, to a communication control server, the adjacent terminal list and a D2D communication request for content including information on an available communication interface by the terminal; receiving, from the communication control server, information on one or more content providing terminals, which can provide the content selected on the basis of the information on the communication interface among adjacent terminals included in the adjacent terminal list, by the terminal; and making a request, to the content providing terminal, and receiving the content by the terminal.1. A device-to-device (D2D) content providing method at a device, the method comprising:
creating a neighboring device list by discovering at least one connectible neighboring device; transmitting a D2D communication request for content to a communication control server, the request including the neighboring device list and information about an available communication interface; receiving from the communication control server, information about one or more content providing devices selected from among neighboring devices contained in the neighboring device list, based on the information about the communication interface; and requesting and receiving content from the content providing device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said creating the neighboring device list includes:
obtaining identification information about at least one other device through a D2D discovery message transmitted and received within a specific range, obtaining the identification information about the at least one other device by emitting the D2D discovery message within the specific range and then receiving a corresponding response message, or obtaining the identification information about the at least one other device through interworking with a digital unit (DU) connected with one or more radio units (RUs) located in an access network accessed by the device, and creating the neighboring device list by defining the obtained identification information about the other device as a neighboring device. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said creating the neighboring device list comprises:
discovering connectible one or more other devices; calculating a content transmission quality factor between the discovered other devices; and selecting other device having the calculated content transmission quality factor greater than a given value, and then creating the neighboring device list by defining the selected other device as the neighboring device. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
if the at least one connectible neighboring device is not discovered at the creating the neighboring device list, transmitting the D2D communication request including only the information about the available communication interface to the communication control server; receiving from the communication control server, the information about the one or more content providing devices selected based on the information about the communication interface; and requesting and receiving content from the content providing device. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the information about the communication interface includes communication interface information about at least one of Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, LTE (Long Term Evolution), and 3G communication which are available at the device. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
when the content providing device exists more than one, merging contents received from the content providing devices. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmitting further comprises:
transmitting a content possession list, which is a list of one or more contents possessed by the device, to the communication control server. 8. A device-to-device (D2D) content providing method at a communication control server for controlling D2D communication, the method comprising:
receiving a D2D communication request for content from one device, the request including a neighboring device list; identifying a device list of other devices having the content requested by the device by interworking with a device management server for managing information about devices having contents; selecting one or more content providing devices by checking the neighboring device list received from the device and the device list identified through the device management server; and if the selected content providing devices exist more than two, extracting a final content providing device by comparing information about communication interfaces available in the device with information about communication interfaces available in each of the content providing devices and then transmitting information about the final content providing device to the device, or arranging the content providing devices according to predetermined priorities of communication interfaces and then transmitting a list of the arranged content providing devices to the device. | 2,400 |
9,528 | 9,528 | 16,262,846 | 2,459 | Described herein are various technologies pertaining to presenting search results to a user, wherein the search results are messages generated by way of social networking applications. An interactive graphical object is presented together with retrieved messages, and messages are filtered responsive to interactions with the interactive graphical object. Additionally, a graphical object that is indicative of credibility of a message is presented together with the message. | 1. A computing system comprising:
a processor; and memory storing a social networking application, wherein the social networking application, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform acts comprising:
receiving social networking content, wherein the social networking content is to be presented in a feed on a display of a client computing device for review by a user of the social networking application, wherein the client computing device is in network communication with the computing system, and further wherein the social networking content has data assigned thereto that indicates that the social networking content is credible; and
responsive to receiving the social networking content, causing the social networking content and a graphical object to be presented in the feed on the display of the client computing device, wherein the graphical object is displayed based upon the data assigned thereto that indicates that the social networking content is credible, and further wherein the graphical object indicates that the social networking content is credible. 2. The computing system of claim 1, wherein the data is assigned to the social networking content based upon an identity of a publisher of the social networking content. 3. The computing system of claim 1, the acts further comprising:
computing a score for the social networking content based upon a feature associated with the social networking content, wherein the score indicates that the social networking content is credible, and further wherein the data is assigned to the social networking content based upon the score. 4. The computing system of claim 3, wherein the social networking content is a message broadcasting application, and further wherein the feature is a number of followers of an author of the social networking content. 5. The computing system of claim 3, the acts further comprising:
receiving a query from the client computing device; responsive to receiving the query, identifying the social networking content based upon the query, wherein the score for the social networking content is computed based upon a topic assigned to the query. 6. The computing system of claim 5, wherein feature is a number of messages published by the author by way of the social networking application that are assigned the topic. 7. The computing system of claim 3, wherein the feature is a number of times that users of the social networking application shared, by way of the social networking application, other social networking content authored by an author of the social networking content. 8. The computing system of claim 3, wherein the feature comprises reviews of the author set forth by users of the social networking application. 9. The computing system of claim 1, wherein the data is assigned to the social networking content based upon a number of articles identified as being authored by an author of the social networking content on a web page that is external to the social networking application. 10. The computing system of claim 1, wherein the data is assigned to the social networking content based upon an indication that the social networking application has authenticated an author of the social networking content. 11. The computing system of claim 1, the acts further comprising:
receiving second social networking content, wherein the second social networking content is to be presented in the feed on the display of the client computing device for review by the user, wherein the second social networking content has second data assigned thereto that indicates that the second social networking content lacks credibility; and responsive to receiving the second social networking content, causing the second social networking content and a second graphical object to be presented in the feed on the display of the client computing device, wherein the second graphical object is displayed based upon the second data assigned thereto that indicates that the second social networking content lacks credibility, and further wherein the second graphical object indicates that the second social networking content lacks credibility. 12. The computing system of claim 1, wherein the graphical object is caused to be displayed on the display of the client computing device responsive to the client computing device detecting that a pointer is being hovered over the social networking content. 13. A computing system comprising:
a processor; and memory storing a social networking application, wherein the social networking application, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform acts comprising:
receiving social networking content, wherein the social networking content is to be presented in a feed on a display of a client computing device for review by a user of the social networking application, wherein the client computing device is in network communication with the computing system;
computing a score for the social networking content based upon a feature associated with the social networking content, wherein the score indicates that the social networking content lacks credibility; and
subsequent to computing the score for the social networking content, causing the social networking content and a graphical object to be presented in the feed on the display of the client computing device, wherein the graphical object is based upon the score, and further wherein the graphical object indicates that the social networking content lacks credibility. 14. The computing system of claim 13, the acts further comprising:
receiving second social networking content, wherein the second social networking content is to be presented in the feed on the display of the client computing device for review by the user of the social networking application; computing a second score for the social networking content based upon a second feature of the social networking content, wherein the second score indicates that the second social networking content is credible; and subsequent to computing the second score for the second social networking content, causing the second social networking content and a second graphical object to be presented in the feed on the display of the client computing device, wherein the second graphical object is based upon the second score, and further wherein the second graphical object indicates that the second social networking is credible. 15. The computing system of claim 13, wherein the social networking application is a message broadcasting application. 16. The computing system of claim 13, wherein the feature is a number of times that users of the social networking application shared, by way of the social networking application, other social networking content authored by an author of the social networking content. 17. The computing system of claim 13, wherein the feature comprises reviews of the author set forth by users of the social networking application. 18. The computing system of claim 13, wherein the feature is a number of articles identified as being authored by an author of the social networking content on a web page that is external to the social networking application. 19. A method performed by a computing system that executes a social networking application, the method comprising:
receiving first social networking content, wherein the social networking content is to be presented in a feed of the social networking application on a display of a client computing device for review by a user of the social networking application, wherein the client computing device is in network communication with the computing system, and further wherein the first social networking content has first data assigned thereto that indicates that the first social networking content is credible; responsive to receiving the first social networking content, causing the first social networking content and a first graphical object to be presented in the feed on the display of the client computing device, wherein the first graphical object is displayed based upon the first data assigned thereto that indicates that the first social networking content is credible, and further wherein the first graphical object indicates that the first social networking content is credible; receiving second social networking content, wherein the second social networking content is to be presented in the feed on the display of the client computing device for review by the user, wherein the second social networking content has second data assigned thereto that indicates that the second social networking content lacks credibility; and responsive to receiving the second social networking content, causing the second social networking content and a second graphical object to be presented in the feed on the display of the client computing device, wherein the second graphical object is displayed based upon the second data assigned thereto that indicates that the second social networking content lacks credibility, and further wherein the second graphical object indicates that the second social networking content lacks credibility. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
computing a first score for the first social networking content based upon a first feature associated with the first social networking content, wherein the first data is assigned to the first social networking content based upon the first score; and computing a second score for the second social networking content based upon a second feature associated with the second social networking content, wherein the second data is assigned to the second social networking content based upon the second score. | Described herein are various technologies pertaining to presenting search results to a user, wherein the search results are messages generated by way of social networking applications. An interactive graphical object is presented together with retrieved messages, and messages are filtered responsive to interactions with the interactive graphical object. Additionally, a graphical object that is indicative of credibility of a message is presented together with the message.1. A computing system comprising:
a processor; and memory storing a social networking application, wherein the social networking application, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform acts comprising:
receiving social networking content, wherein the social networking content is to be presented in a feed on a display of a client computing device for review by a user of the social networking application, wherein the client computing device is in network communication with the computing system, and further wherein the social networking content has data assigned thereto that indicates that the social networking content is credible; and
responsive to receiving the social networking content, causing the social networking content and a graphical object to be presented in the feed on the display of the client computing device, wherein the graphical object is displayed based upon the data assigned thereto that indicates that the social networking content is credible, and further wherein the graphical object indicates that the social networking content is credible. 2. The computing system of claim 1, wherein the data is assigned to the social networking content based upon an identity of a publisher of the social networking content. 3. The computing system of claim 1, the acts further comprising:
computing a score for the social networking content based upon a feature associated with the social networking content, wherein the score indicates that the social networking content is credible, and further wherein the data is assigned to the social networking content based upon the score. 4. The computing system of claim 3, wherein the social networking content is a message broadcasting application, and further wherein the feature is a number of followers of an author of the social networking content. 5. The computing system of claim 3, the acts further comprising:
receiving a query from the client computing device; responsive to receiving the query, identifying the social networking content based upon the query, wherein the score for the social networking content is computed based upon a topic assigned to the query. 6. The computing system of claim 5, wherein feature is a number of messages published by the author by way of the social networking application that are assigned the topic. 7. The computing system of claim 3, wherein the feature is a number of times that users of the social networking application shared, by way of the social networking application, other social networking content authored by an author of the social networking content. 8. The computing system of claim 3, wherein the feature comprises reviews of the author set forth by users of the social networking application. 9. The computing system of claim 1, wherein the data is assigned to the social networking content based upon a number of articles identified as being authored by an author of the social networking content on a web page that is external to the social networking application. 10. The computing system of claim 1, wherein the data is assigned to the social networking content based upon an indication that the social networking application has authenticated an author of the social networking content. 11. The computing system of claim 1, the acts further comprising:
receiving second social networking content, wherein the second social networking content is to be presented in the feed on the display of the client computing device for review by the user, wherein the second social networking content has second data assigned thereto that indicates that the second social networking content lacks credibility; and responsive to receiving the second social networking content, causing the second social networking content and a second graphical object to be presented in the feed on the display of the client computing device, wherein the second graphical object is displayed based upon the second data assigned thereto that indicates that the second social networking content lacks credibility, and further wherein the second graphical object indicates that the second social networking content lacks credibility. 12. The computing system of claim 1, wherein the graphical object is caused to be displayed on the display of the client computing device responsive to the client computing device detecting that a pointer is being hovered over the social networking content. 13. A computing system comprising:
a processor; and memory storing a social networking application, wherein the social networking application, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform acts comprising:
receiving social networking content, wherein the social networking content is to be presented in a feed on a display of a client computing device for review by a user of the social networking application, wherein the client computing device is in network communication with the computing system;
computing a score for the social networking content based upon a feature associated with the social networking content, wherein the score indicates that the social networking content lacks credibility; and
subsequent to computing the score for the social networking content, causing the social networking content and a graphical object to be presented in the feed on the display of the client computing device, wherein the graphical object is based upon the score, and further wherein the graphical object indicates that the social networking content lacks credibility. 14. The computing system of claim 13, the acts further comprising:
receiving second social networking content, wherein the second social networking content is to be presented in the feed on the display of the client computing device for review by the user of the social networking application; computing a second score for the social networking content based upon a second feature of the social networking content, wherein the second score indicates that the second social networking content is credible; and subsequent to computing the second score for the second social networking content, causing the second social networking content and a second graphical object to be presented in the feed on the display of the client computing device, wherein the second graphical object is based upon the second score, and further wherein the second graphical object indicates that the second social networking is credible. 15. The computing system of claim 13, wherein the social networking application is a message broadcasting application. 16. The computing system of claim 13, wherein the feature is a number of times that users of the social networking application shared, by way of the social networking application, other social networking content authored by an author of the social networking content. 17. The computing system of claim 13, wherein the feature comprises reviews of the author set forth by users of the social networking application. 18. The computing system of claim 13, wherein the feature is a number of articles identified as being authored by an author of the social networking content on a web page that is external to the social networking application. 19. A method performed by a computing system that executes a social networking application, the method comprising:
receiving first social networking content, wherein the social networking content is to be presented in a feed of the social networking application on a display of a client computing device for review by a user of the social networking application, wherein the client computing device is in network communication with the computing system, and further wherein the first social networking content has first data assigned thereto that indicates that the first social networking content is credible; responsive to receiving the first social networking content, causing the first social networking content and a first graphical object to be presented in the feed on the display of the client computing device, wherein the first graphical object is displayed based upon the first data assigned thereto that indicates that the first social networking content is credible, and further wherein the first graphical object indicates that the first social networking content is credible; receiving second social networking content, wherein the second social networking content is to be presented in the feed on the display of the client computing device for review by the user, wherein the second social networking content has second data assigned thereto that indicates that the second social networking content lacks credibility; and responsive to receiving the second social networking content, causing the second social networking content and a second graphical object to be presented in the feed on the display of the client computing device, wherein the second graphical object is displayed based upon the second data assigned thereto that indicates that the second social networking content lacks credibility, and further wherein the second graphical object indicates that the second social networking content lacks credibility. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
computing a first score for the first social networking content based upon a first feature associated with the first social networking content, wherein the first data is assigned to the first social networking content based upon the first score; and computing a second score for the second social networking content based upon a second feature associated with the second social networking content, wherein the second data is assigned to the second social networking content based upon the second score. | 2,400 |
9,529 | 9,529 | 16,024,830 | 2,444 | A method may include identifying, based on metadata, a first routing path that leads to the destination and a second routing path that leads to the destination. The method may further include identifying, based on the metadata, a configuration preference for the data to be routed along the first routing path. The configuration preference may indicate a first priority for the first routing path and a second priority for the second routing path. The method may also include selecting the first routing path based on the first priority being higher than the second priority. The method may additionally include transmitting the data along the first routing path via the first communication link. | 1. A method, comprising:
receiving data including metadata for routing the data to a destination; identifying, based on the metadata, a first routing path that leads to the destination and a second routing path that leads to the destination, the first routing path including a first communication link, and the second routing path including a second communication link; identifying, based on the metadata, a configuration preference for the data to be routed along the first routing path, the configuration preference indicating a first priority for the first routing path based on a first set of characteristics of the first routing path, the configuration preference indicating a second priority for the second routing path based on a second set of characteristics of the second routing path, the first priority being higher than the second priority; selecting the first routing path based on the first priority being higher than the second priority; and transmitting the data along the first routing path via the first communication link. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising identifying for the first routing path and for the second routing path, at least one of: a cost associated with a transmission of the respective routing path, a service level agreement (SLA) associated with the respective routing path, a source address, a source port, a destination address, a destination port, a protocol, a differentiated services code point (DSCP) value, a type of service (TOS) value, an application, a user, and a user group. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first communication link and the second communication link include a link type that includes one of: an Internet connection; a MultiProtocol Label Switching (MPLS) connection; a cellular connection, or a cable connection. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first routing path and the second routing path include a same type of link. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first routing path and the second routing path include a same number of links, circuits, and tunnels for the data to reach the destination. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the data includes at least one packet or a data flow. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the configuration preference further indicates a third priority for a particular type of link, the third priority being higher than the third priority, wherein the first routing path is selected based on neither of the first routing path and the second routing path of the particular type of link that is associated with the third priority. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein a first link classification for the first communication link and a second link classification for the second communication link are the same, wherein selecting the first routing path comprises determining a first performance score for the first communication link in view of the configuration preference and a second performance score for the second communication link in view of the configuration preference, wherein the first performance score for the first communication link is indicative of a higher performance than the second performance score for the second communication link. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein determining the first performance score for the first communication link in view of the configuration preference comprises determining the first performance score based on at least one of jitter, latency, and loss associated with the first communication link, and wherein determining the second performance score for the second communication link in view of the configuration preference comprises determining the second performance score based on at least one of jitter, latency, and loss associated with the second communication link. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting the first routing path based on the configuration preference comprises:
identifying an application associated with the data; determining whether the configuration preference includes a data routing rule for the application, the data routing rule indicating that the first priority is higher than the second priority; and selecting the first routing path based on the data routing rule. 11. A non-transitory computer-readable medium that includes computer-readable instructions stored thereon that are executable by a processor to perform or control performance of operations comprising:
receive data including metadata for routing the data to a destination; identify, based on the metadata, a first routing path that leads to the destination and a second routing path that leads to the destination, the first routing path including a first communication link, and the second routing path including a second communication link; identify, based on the metadata, a configuration preference for the data to be routed along the first routing path, the configuration preference indicating a first priority for the first routing path based on a first set of characteristics of the first routing path, the configuration preference indicating a second priority for the second routing path based on a second set of characteristics of the second routing path, the first priority being higher than the second priority; select the first routing path based on the first priority being higher than the second priority; and transmit the data along the first routing path via the first communication link. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 11, the operations further comprising identifying for the first routing path and for the second routing path, at least one of: a cost associated with a transmission of the respective routing path, a service level agreement (SLA) associated with the respective routing path, a source address, a source port, a destination address, a destination port, a protocol, a differentiated services code point (DSCP) value, a type of service (TOS) value, an application, a user, and a user group. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the first communication link and the second communication link include a link type that includes one of: an Internet connection; a MultiProtocol Label Switching (MPLS) connection; a cellular connection, or a cable connection. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein a first link classification for the first communication link and a second link classification for the second communication link are the same, wherein selecting the first routing path comprises determining a first performance score for the first communication link in view of the configuration preference and a second performance score for the second communication link in view of the configuration preference, wherein the first performance score for the first communication link is indicative of a higher performance than the second performance score for the second communication link. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein determining the first performance score for the first communication link in view of the configuration preference comprises determining the first performance score based on at least one of jitter, latency, and loss associated with the first communication link, and wherein determining the second performance score for the second communication link in view of the configuration preference comprises determining the second performance score based on at least one of jitter, latency, and loss associated with the second communication link. 16. A system comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors, the one or more processors configured to perform operations comprising:
receive data including metadata for routing the data to a destination;
identify, based on the metadata, a first routing path that leads to the destination and a second routing path that leads to the destination, the first routing path including a first communication link, and the second routing path including a second communication link;
identify, based on the metadata, a configuration preference for the data to be routed along the first routing path, the configuration preference indicating a first priority for the first routing path based on a first set of characteristics of the first routing path, the configuration preference indicating a second priority for the second routing path based on a second set of characteristics of the second routing path, the first priority being higher than the second priority;
select the first routing path based on the first priority being higher than the second priority; and
transmit the data along the first routing path via the first communication link. 17. The system of claim 16, the one or more processor being conjured to perform further operations comprising identifying for the first routing path and for the second routing path, at least one of: a cost associated with a transmission of the respective routing path, a service level agreement (SLA) associated with the respective routing path, a source address, a source port, a destination address, a destination port, a protocol, a differentiated services code point (DSCP) value, a type of service (TOS) value, an application, a user, and a user group. 18. The system of claim 16, wherein a first link classification for the first communication link and a second link classification for the second communication link are the same, wherein when selecting the first routing path, the one or more processors are configured to determine a first performance score for the first communication link in view of the configuration preference and a second performance score for the second communication link in view of the configuration preference, wherein the first performance score for the first communication link is indicative of a higher performance than the second performance score for the second communication link. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein when determining the first performance score for the first communication link in view of the configuration preference, the one or more processors are configured to determine the first performance score based on at least one of jitter, latency, and loss associated with the first communication link, and wherein when determining the second performance score for the second communication link in view of the configuration preference, the one or more processors are configured to determine the second performance score based on at least one of jitter, latency, and loss associated with the second communication link. 20. The system of claim 16, wherein the first communication link and the second communication link include a link type that includes one of: an Internet connection; a MultiProtocol Label Switching (MPLS) connection; a cellular connection, or a cable connection. | A method may include identifying, based on metadata, a first routing path that leads to the destination and a second routing path that leads to the destination. The method may further include identifying, based on the metadata, a configuration preference for the data to be routed along the first routing path. The configuration preference may indicate a first priority for the first routing path and a second priority for the second routing path. The method may also include selecting the first routing path based on the first priority being higher than the second priority. The method may additionally include transmitting the data along the first routing path via the first communication link.1. A method, comprising:
receiving data including metadata for routing the data to a destination; identifying, based on the metadata, a first routing path that leads to the destination and a second routing path that leads to the destination, the first routing path including a first communication link, and the second routing path including a second communication link; identifying, based on the metadata, a configuration preference for the data to be routed along the first routing path, the configuration preference indicating a first priority for the first routing path based on a first set of characteristics of the first routing path, the configuration preference indicating a second priority for the second routing path based on a second set of characteristics of the second routing path, the first priority being higher than the second priority; selecting the first routing path based on the first priority being higher than the second priority; and transmitting the data along the first routing path via the first communication link. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising identifying for the first routing path and for the second routing path, at least one of: a cost associated with a transmission of the respective routing path, a service level agreement (SLA) associated with the respective routing path, a source address, a source port, a destination address, a destination port, a protocol, a differentiated services code point (DSCP) value, a type of service (TOS) value, an application, a user, and a user group. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first communication link and the second communication link include a link type that includes one of: an Internet connection; a MultiProtocol Label Switching (MPLS) connection; a cellular connection, or a cable connection. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first routing path and the second routing path include a same type of link. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first routing path and the second routing path include a same number of links, circuits, and tunnels for the data to reach the destination. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the data includes at least one packet or a data flow. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the configuration preference further indicates a third priority for a particular type of link, the third priority being higher than the third priority, wherein the first routing path is selected based on neither of the first routing path and the second routing path of the particular type of link that is associated with the third priority. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein a first link classification for the first communication link and a second link classification for the second communication link are the same, wherein selecting the first routing path comprises determining a first performance score for the first communication link in view of the configuration preference and a second performance score for the second communication link in view of the configuration preference, wherein the first performance score for the first communication link is indicative of a higher performance than the second performance score for the second communication link. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein determining the first performance score for the first communication link in view of the configuration preference comprises determining the first performance score based on at least one of jitter, latency, and loss associated with the first communication link, and wherein determining the second performance score for the second communication link in view of the configuration preference comprises determining the second performance score based on at least one of jitter, latency, and loss associated with the second communication link. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting the first routing path based on the configuration preference comprises:
identifying an application associated with the data; determining whether the configuration preference includes a data routing rule for the application, the data routing rule indicating that the first priority is higher than the second priority; and selecting the first routing path based on the data routing rule. 11. A non-transitory computer-readable medium that includes computer-readable instructions stored thereon that are executable by a processor to perform or control performance of operations comprising:
receive data including metadata for routing the data to a destination; identify, based on the metadata, a first routing path that leads to the destination and a second routing path that leads to the destination, the first routing path including a first communication link, and the second routing path including a second communication link; identify, based on the metadata, a configuration preference for the data to be routed along the first routing path, the configuration preference indicating a first priority for the first routing path based on a first set of characteristics of the first routing path, the configuration preference indicating a second priority for the second routing path based on a second set of characteristics of the second routing path, the first priority being higher than the second priority; select the first routing path based on the first priority being higher than the second priority; and transmit the data along the first routing path via the first communication link. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 11, the operations further comprising identifying for the first routing path and for the second routing path, at least one of: a cost associated with a transmission of the respective routing path, a service level agreement (SLA) associated with the respective routing path, a source address, a source port, a destination address, a destination port, a protocol, a differentiated services code point (DSCP) value, a type of service (TOS) value, an application, a user, and a user group. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the first communication link and the second communication link include a link type that includes one of: an Internet connection; a MultiProtocol Label Switching (MPLS) connection; a cellular connection, or a cable connection. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein a first link classification for the first communication link and a second link classification for the second communication link are the same, wherein selecting the first routing path comprises determining a first performance score for the first communication link in view of the configuration preference and a second performance score for the second communication link in view of the configuration preference, wherein the first performance score for the first communication link is indicative of a higher performance than the second performance score for the second communication link. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein determining the first performance score for the first communication link in view of the configuration preference comprises determining the first performance score based on at least one of jitter, latency, and loss associated with the first communication link, and wherein determining the second performance score for the second communication link in view of the configuration preference comprises determining the second performance score based on at least one of jitter, latency, and loss associated with the second communication link. 16. A system comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors, the one or more processors configured to perform operations comprising:
receive data including metadata for routing the data to a destination;
identify, based on the metadata, a first routing path that leads to the destination and a second routing path that leads to the destination, the first routing path including a first communication link, and the second routing path including a second communication link;
identify, based on the metadata, a configuration preference for the data to be routed along the first routing path, the configuration preference indicating a first priority for the first routing path based on a first set of characteristics of the first routing path, the configuration preference indicating a second priority for the second routing path based on a second set of characteristics of the second routing path, the first priority being higher than the second priority;
select the first routing path based on the first priority being higher than the second priority; and
transmit the data along the first routing path via the first communication link. 17. The system of claim 16, the one or more processor being conjured to perform further operations comprising identifying for the first routing path and for the second routing path, at least one of: a cost associated with a transmission of the respective routing path, a service level agreement (SLA) associated with the respective routing path, a source address, a source port, a destination address, a destination port, a protocol, a differentiated services code point (DSCP) value, a type of service (TOS) value, an application, a user, and a user group. 18. The system of claim 16, wherein a first link classification for the first communication link and a second link classification for the second communication link are the same, wherein when selecting the first routing path, the one or more processors are configured to determine a first performance score for the first communication link in view of the configuration preference and a second performance score for the second communication link in view of the configuration preference, wherein the first performance score for the first communication link is indicative of a higher performance than the second performance score for the second communication link. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein when determining the first performance score for the first communication link in view of the configuration preference, the one or more processors are configured to determine the first performance score based on at least one of jitter, latency, and loss associated with the first communication link, and wherein when determining the second performance score for the second communication link in view of the configuration preference, the one or more processors are configured to determine the second performance score based on at least one of jitter, latency, and loss associated with the second communication link. 20. The system of claim 16, wherein the first communication link and the second communication link include a link type that includes one of: an Internet connection; a MultiProtocol Label Switching (MPLS) connection; a cellular connection, or a cable connection. | 2,400 |
9,530 | 9,530 | 15,338,506 | 2,459 | Systems and methods are disclosed for invoking a first discovery probe against a target device at a first time to obtain first probe data; determining a first hash value based at least in part on the first probe data; storing the first hash value, the stored first hash value associated with the first discovery probe and the first device; transmitting the first probe data to the server device; invoking the first discovery probe against the first device at a second time to obtain second probe data; determining a second hash value based at least in part on the second probe data; determining that a match has occurred, where the first hash value matches the second hash value; and, responsive to the match, transmitting an indication of no change, from the first probe data, to the server device. | 1. A system for transmission of discovery probe data to a server device, the system comprising:
one or more memory components configured to store data and executable routines; and one or more processor components configured to execute one or more routines stored on the memory components, wherein the routines, when executed cause the system to: invoke a discovery probe against a device to obtain probe data, wherein the device is a member of a managed network of devices; determine a hash value based at least in part on the probe data; compare the hash value to a stored hash value, wherein the stored hash value was generated from a previous response to the discovery probe against the device; and based upon the comparison: if it is determined that the hash value matches the stored hash value, transmit an indication of no change to the server device; or if it is determined that the hash value does not match the stored hash value, transmit the probe data to the server device and replace the stored hash value with the hash value. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more memory components store routines executable by the processor to:
retrieve a first result of a first step of the discovery probe from a cache storing results of discovery steps instead of invoking the first step against the device; and invoke a second step of the discovery probe against the device. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the one or more memory components store routines executable by the processor to:
store, in the cache storing results of discovery steps, a second result of invoking the second step of the discovery probe against the device, wherein the second result is associated with a time to live, after which the second result will no longer be available for retrieval. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the cache storing results of discovery probe steps is configured to:
use a first time to live for results of the first step; and use a second time to live, which is different from the first time to live, for results of the second step. 5. The system of claim 3, wherein the cache storing results of discovery probe steps is configured to:
use a first time to live for results of the first step when invoked against the device; and use a second time to live, which is different from the first time to live, for results of the first step when invoked against a different device. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more memory components store routines executable by the processor to:
invoke a hash table look-up, using a key that is based on an identifier of the discovery probe and an identifier of the device, in order to retrieve the stored hash value for comparison to the hash value. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the stored hash value is based in part on an identifier of the discovery probe and an identifier of the device. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more memory components store routines executable by the processor to:
receive, from the server device, a command to initiate the discovery probe. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more memory components store routines executable by the processor to:
invoke every step of the discovery probe against the device. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more memory components and the one or more the processor components are disposed within a customer environment and the server device is disposed within a provider environment. 11. A method for transmission of discovery probe data to a server device, the method comprising:
invoking a discovery probe against a device to obtain probe data, wherein the device is a member of a managed network of devices; determining a hash value based at least in part on the probe data; comparing the hash value to a stored hash value, wherein the stored hash value was generated from a previous response to the discovery probe against the device; based upon the comparison:
determining that a match has occurred, where the hash value matches the stored hash value; and
responsive to the match, transmitting an indication of no change to the server device. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein invoking the discovery probe against the device comprises:
retrieving a first result of a first step of the discovery probe from a cache storing results of discovery steps instead of invoking the first step against the device; and invoking a second step of the discovery probe against the device. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein invoking the discovery probe against the device comprises:
storing, in the cache storing results of discovery steps, a second result of invoking the second step of the discovery probe against the device, wherein the second result is associated with a time to live, after which the second result will no longer be available for retrieval. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the cache storing results of discovery probe steps is configured to:
use a first time to live for results of the first step; and use a second time to live, which is different from the first time to live, for results of the second step. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the cache storing results of discovery probe steps is configured to:
use a first time to live for results of the first step when invoked against the device; and use a second time to live, which is different from the first time to live, for results of the first step when invoked against a different device. 16. The method of claim 11, comprising:
invoking the discovery probe against the device at a subsequent time to obtain a new probe data; determining a new hash value based at least in part on the new probe data; determining that a mismatch has occurred, where the stored hash value differs from the new hash value; responsive to the mismatch, transmitting the new probe data to the server device; and responsive to the mismatch, storing the new hash value, the stored new hash value associated with the discovery probe and the device. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein determining a match has occurred comprises:
invoking a hash table look-up, using a key that is based on an identifier of the discovery probe and an identifier of the device, in order to retrieve the stored hash value for comparison to the hash value. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the stored hash value is based in part on an identifier of the discovery probe and an identifier of the device. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the indication of no change is transmitted instead of the probe data. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the server device is disposed in a provider environment and the device is disposed in a customer environment. 21. A system for transmission of discovery probe data to a server device, the system comprising:
a memory, a processor, and a network interface, wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the processor to:
invoke a first discovery probe against a first device at a first time to obtain first probe data;
determine a first hash value based at least in part on the first probe data; and
store the first hash value for later comparison to a hash value for a future probe data, the stored first hash value associated with the first discovery probe and the first device. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the processor to:
transmit, via the network interface, the first probe data to the server device. 23. The system of claim 21, wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the processor to:
retrieve a first result of a first step of the first discovery probe from a cache storing results of discovery steps instead of invoking the first step against the first device; and invoke a second step of the first discovery probe against the first device. 24. The system of claim 23, wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the processor to:
store, in the cache storing results of discovery steps, a second result of invoking the second step of the first discovery probe against the first device, wherein the second result is associated with a time to live, after which the second result will no longer be available for retrieval. 25. The system of claim 24, wherein the cache storing results of discovery probe steps is configured to:
use a first time to live for results of the first step; and use a second time to live, which is different from the first time to live, for results of the second step. 26. The system of claim 24, wherein the cache storing results of discovery probe steps is configured to:
use a first time to live for results of the first step when invoked against the first device; and use a second time to live, which is different from the first time to live, for results of the first step when invoked against a second device. 27. The system of claim 21, wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the processor to:
invoke a hash table look-up, using a key that is based on an identifier of the first discovery probe and an identifier of the first device, in order to retrieve the first hash value for comparison to the hash value for the future probe data. 28. The system of claim 21, wherein the first hash value is based in part on an identifier of the first discovery probe and an identifier of the first device. 29. A system for reception of discovery probe data from an agent device, the system comprising:
a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the processor to:
transmit, to the agent device a command to initiate a discovery probe, wherein the command causes the agent device to:
invoke a discovery probe against a device to obtain probe data, wherein the device is a member of a network managed by the system;
determine and store a hash value based at least in part on the probe data so as to generate a stored hash value; and
transmit the probe data;
receive the probe data from the agent device;
at one or more subsequent times, transmit to the agent device a command to initiate the discovery probe, wherein the command issued at a subsequent time causes the agent device to:
invoke the discovery probe against the device at a subsequent time to obtain probe data at the subsequent time;
determine a current hash value based at least in part on the probe data at the subsequent time;
determine if a match has occurred between the stored hash value and the current hash value; and
based upon the determination transmitting either an indication of no change or the probe data acquired at the subsequent time; and
receive the indication of no change or the probe data acquired at the subsequent time from the agent device. 30. The system of claim 29, wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the processor to:
update a configuration item that corresponds to the device in a configuration management database based on the probe data. 31. The system of claim 29, wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the processor to:
update a configuration item that corresponds to the device in a configuration management database to indicate that the configuration item is current to a time associated with the indication of no change. | Systems and methods are disclosed for invoking a first discovery probe against a target device at a first time to obtain first probe data; determining a first hash value based at least in part on the first probe data; storing the first hash value, the stored first hash value associated with the first discovery probe and the first device; transmitting the first probe data to the server device; invoking the first discovery probe against the first device at a second time to obtain second probe data; determining a second hash value based at least in part on the second probe data; determining that a match has occurred, where the first hash value matches the second hash value; and, responsive to the match, transmitting an indication of no change, from the first probe data, to the server device.1. A system for transmission of discovery probe data to a server device, the system comprising:
one or more memory components configured to store data and executable routines; and one or more processor components configured to execute one or more routines stored on the memory components, wherein the routines, when executed cause the system to: invoke a discovery probe against a device to obtain probe data, wherein the device is a member of a managed network of devices; determine a hash value based at least in part on the probe data; compare the hash value to a stored hash value, wherein the stored hash value was generated from a previous response to the discovery probe against the device; and based upon the comparison: if it is determined that the hash value matches the stored hash value, transmit an indication of no change to the server device; or if it is determined that the hash value does not match the stored hash value, transmit the probe data to the server device and replace the stored hash value with the hash value. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more memory components store routines executable by the processor to:
retrieve a first result of a first step of the discovery probe from a cache storing results of discovery steps instead of invoking the first step against the device; and invoke a second step of the discovery probe against the device. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the one or more memory components store routines executable by the processor to:
store, in the cache storing results of discovery steps, a second result of invoking the second step of the discovery probe against the device, wherein the second result is associated with a time to live, after which the second result will no longer be available for retrieval. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the cache storing results of discovery probe steps is configured to:
use a first time to live for results of the first step; and use a second time to live, which is different from the first time to live, for results of the second step. 5. The system of claim 3, wherein the cache storing results of discovery probe steps is configured to:
use a first time to live for results of the first step when invoked against the device; and use a second time to live, which is different from the first time to live, for results of the first step when invoked against a different device. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more memory components store routines executable by the processor to:
invoke a hash table look-up, using a key that is based on an identifier of the discovery probe and an identifier of the device, in order to retrieve the stored hash value for comparison to the hash value. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the stored hash value is based in part on an identifier of the discovery probe and an identifier of the device. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more memory components store routines executable by the processor to:
receive, from the server device, a command to initiate the discovery probe. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more memory components store routines executable by the processor to:
invoke every step of the discovery probe against the device. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more memory components and the one or more the processor components are disposed within a customer environment and the server device is disposed within a provider environment. 11. A method for transmission of discovery probe data to a server device, the method comprising:
invoking a discovery probe against a device to obtain probe data, wherein the device is a member of a managed network of devices; determining a hash value based at least in part on the probe data; comparing the hash value to a stored hash value, wherein the stored hash value was generated from a previous response to the discovery probe against the device; based upon the comparison:
determining that a match has occurred, where the hash value matches the stored hash value; and
responsive to the match, transmitting an indication of no change to the server device. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein invoking the discovery probe against the device comprises:
retrieving a first result of a first step of the discovery probe from a cache storing results of discovery steps instead of invoking the first step against the device; and invoking a second step of the discovery probe against the device. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein invoking the discovery probe against the device comprises:
storing, in the cache storing results of discovery steps, a second result of invoking the second step of the discovery probe against the device, wherein the second result is associated with a time to live, after which the second result will no longer be available for retrieval. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the cache storing results of discovery probe steps is configured to:
use a first time to live for results of the first step; and use a second time to live, which is different from the first time to live, for results of the second step. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the cache storing results of discovery probe steps is configured to:
use a first time to live for results of the first step when invoked against the device; and use a second time to live, which is different from the first time to live, for results of the first step when invoked against a different device. 16. The method of claim 11, comprising:
invoking the discovery probe against the device at a subsequent time to obtain a new probe data; determining a new hash value based at least in part on the new probe data; determining that a mismatch has occurred, where the stored hash value differs from the new hash value; responsive to the mismatch, transmitting the new probe data to the server device; and responsive to the mismatch, storing the new hash value, the stored new hash value associated with the discovery probe and the device. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein determining a match has occurred comprises:
invoking a hash table look-up, using a key that is based on an identifier of the discovery probe and an identifier of the device, in order to retrieve the stored hash value for comparison to the hash value. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the stored hash value is based in part on an identifier of the discovery probe and an identifier of the device. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the indication of no change is transmitted instead of the probe data. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the server device is disposed in a provider environment and the device is disposed in a customer environment. 21. A system for transmission of discovery probe data to a server device, the system comprising:
a memory, a processor, and a network interface, wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the processor to:
invoke a first discovery probe against a first device at a first time to obtain first probe data;
determine a first hash value based at least in part on the first probe data; and
store the first hash value for later comparison to a hash value for a future probe data, the stored first hash value associated with the first discovery probe and the first device. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the processor to:
transmit, via the network interface, the first probe data to the server device. 23. The system of claim 21, wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the processor to:
retrieve a first result of a first step of the first discovery probe from a cache storing results of discovery steps instead of invoking the first step against the first device; and invoke a second step of the first discovery probe against the first device. 24. The system of claim 23, wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the processor to:
store, in the cache storing results of discovery steps, a second result of invoking the second step of the first discovery probe against the first device, wherein the second result is associated with a time to live, after which the second result will no longer be available for retrieval. 25. The system of claim 24, wherein the cache storing results of discovery probe steps is configured to:
use a first time to live for results of the first step; and use a second time to live, which is different from the first time to live, for results of the second step. 26. The system of claim 24, wherein the cache storing results of discovery probe steps is configured to:
use a first time to live for results of the first step when invoked against the first device; and use a second time to live, which is different from the first time to live, for results of the first step when invoked against a second device. 27. The system of claim 21, wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the processor to:
invoke a hash table look-up, using a key that is based on an identifier of the first discovery probe and an identifier of the first device, in order to retrieve the first hash value for comparison to the hash value for the future probe data. 28. The system of claim 21, wherein the first hash value is based in part on an identifier of the first discovery probe and an identifier of the first device. 29. A system for reception of discovery probe data from an agent device, the system comprising:
a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the processor to:
transmit, to the agent device a command to initiate a discovery probe, wherein the command causes the agent device to:
invoke a discovery probe against a device to obtain probe data, wherein the device is a member of a network managed by the system;
determine and store a hash value based at least in part on the probe data so as to generate a stored hash value; and
transmit the probe data;
receive the probe data from the agent device;
at one or more subsequent times, transmit to the agent device a command to initiate the discovery probe, wherein the command issued at a subsequent time causes the agent device to:
invoke the discovery probe against the device at a subsequent time to obtain probe data at the subsequent time;
determine a current hash value based at least in part on the probe data at the subsequent time;
determine if a match has occurred between the stored hash value and the current hash value; and
based upon the determination transmitting either an indication of no change or the probe data acquired at the subsequent time; and
receive the indication of no change or the probe data acquired at the subsequent time from the agent device. 30. The system of claim 29, wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the processor to:
update a configuration item that corresponds to the device in a configuration management database based on the probe data. 31. The system of claim 29, wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the processor to:
update a configuration item that corresponds to the device in a configuration management database to indicate that the configuration item is current to a time associated with the indication of no change. | 2,400 |
9,531 | 9,531 | 15,959,746 | 2,462 | A modular network element includes one or more lineboxes which are a hybrid between a rack mounted module and a line module which is inserted in a chassis; one or more linebox carriers which are rack mountable and configured to selectively receive the one or more lineboxes and provide power connectors and data connectors thereto; and a core chassis including one or more switch modules, one or more controller modules, and a set of connectors located at the rear for cabling to the power connectors and the data connectors on the one or more linebox carriers. | 1. A modular network element, comprising:
one or more lineboxes which are a hybrid between a rack mounted module and a line module which is inserted in a chassis; one or more linebox carriers which are rack mountable and configured to selectively receive the one or more lineboxes and provide power connectors and data connectors thereto; and a core chassis comprising one or more switch modules, one or more controller modules, and a set of connectors located at the rear for cabling to the power connectors and the data connectors on the one or more linebox carriers. 2. The modular network element of claim 1, wherein the one or more lineboxes comprise a plurality of faceplate ports connected to fabric circuitry communicatively coupled to the one or more switch modules via the cabling; and
wherein the one or more switch modules are connected to one another and the one or more controller modules via a midplane or cables. 3. The modular network element of claim 1, wherein the cabling comprises one or more of electrical cabling with a plurality of pairs of coaxial cable and optical cabling. 4. The modular network element of claim 1, wherein each cable between a linebox and the core chassis comprises a plurality of bundles each having a plurality of links and a number of the plurality of bundles is based on a number of the one or more switch modules. 5. The modular network element of claim 1, wherein a chassis management protocol is implemented between the one or more lineboxes and the core chassis, and wherein the one or more lineboxes and the core chassis are managed as a single entity. 6. The modular network element of claim 5, wherein the chassis management protocol implements, between the one or more lineboxes and the core chassis, timing synchronization, presence, status, ownership, interrupts, reset, power, and position identification. 7. The modular network element of claim 5, wherein the one or more controller modules provide power and connectivity to circuitry on each linebox for establishing the chassis management protocol to power the linebox on and off. 8. The modular network element of claim 1, wherein the core chassis comprises an access panel that supports the core chassis and each of the one or more lineboxes. 9. The modular network element of claim 1, wherein each of the one or more lineboxes comprises a display which provides a virtual slot number based on a relative position in a rack. 10. The modular network element of claim 1, wherein the one or more lineboxes comprises a plurality of lineboxes with at least two lineboxes having a different pitch. 11. The modular network element of claim 1, wherein the one or more lineboxes comprises a plurality of lineboxes with at least two lineboxes having one or more of a different number of faceplate ports and a different type of pluggable optics. 12. The modular network element of claim 1, wherein the one or more lineboxes each comprise an Ethernet switch which connect to another Ethernet switch in the one or more switch modules. 13. The modular network element of claim 1, wherein the one or more linebox carriers comprise retractable pins with a spring-loaded mechanism that grabs into holes in rails on a rack and which has a push to disengage mechanism enabling front-only access to the rack. 14. The modular network element of claim 13, wherein the one or more linebox carriers have slack in the cabling to the core chassis allowing movement up and down the rack. 15. A method of deploying a modular network element, the method comprising:
connecting a linebox slot carrier to a rack; providing a linebox in the linebox slot carrier, wherein the linebox is a hybrid between a rack mounted module and a line module which is inserted in a chassis, and wherein the linebox slot carrier connects the linebox to power connectors and data connectors; and providing a core chassis comprising one or more switch modules, one or more controller modules, and a set of connectors located at the rear with cabling to the power connectors and the data connectors on the linebox slot carrier. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
providing a second linebox to a second linebox slot carrier responsive to increase capacity of the modular network element. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the second linebox is added to the core chassis in-service. 18. A modular network element, comprising:
one or more lineboxes which are a hybrid between a rack mounted module and a line module which is inserted in a chassis, each of the one or more lineboxes comprising a plurality of faceplate ports connected to fabric circuitry and a processor; and one or more linebox carriers which are rack mountable and configured to selectively receive the one or more lineboxes and provide power connectors and data connectors thereto. 19. The modular network element of claim 17, wherein the one or more lineboxes comprise a plurality of lineboxes collectively forming a mesh therebetween via the data connectors, and wherein one of the plurality of lineboxes is designated as a primary linebox for implementing a virtual controller of the modular network element via the processor. 20. The modular network element of claim 17, wherein a core chassis is added in-service to increase capacity of the modular network element, wherein the core chassis comprises one or more switch modules, one or more controller modules, and a set of connectors located at the rear for cabling to the power connectors and the data connectors on the one or more linebox carriers. | A modular network element includes one or more lineboxes which are a hybrid between a rack mounted module and a line module which is inserted in a chassis; one or more linebox carriers which are rack mountable and configured to selectively receive the one or more lineboxes and provide power connectors and data connectors thereto; and a core chassis including one or more switch modules, one or more controller modules, and a set of connectors located at the rear for cabling to the power connectors and the data connectors on the one or more linebox carriers.1. A modular network element, comprising:
one or more lineboxes which are a hybrid between a rack mounted module and a line module which is inserted in a chassis; one or more linebox carriers which are rack mountable and configured to selectively receive the one or more lineboxes and provide power connectors and data connectors thereto; and a core chassis comprising one or more switch modules, one or more controller modules, and a set of connectors located at the rear for cabling to the power connectors and the data connectors on the one or more linebox carriers. 2. The modular network element of claim 1, wherein the one or more lineboxes comprise a plurality of faceplate ports connected to fabric circuitry communicatively coupled to the one or more switch modules via the cabling; and
wherein the one or more switch modules are connected to one another and the one or more controller modules via a midplane or cables. 3. The modular network element of claim 1, wherein the cabling comprises one or more of electrical cabling with a plurality of pairs of coaxial cable and optical cabling. 4. The modular network element of claim 1, wherein each cable between a linebox and the core chassis comprises a plurality of bundles each having a plurality of links and a number of the plurality of bundles is based on a number of the one or more switch modules. 5. The modular network element of claim 1, wherein a chassis management protocol is implemented between the one or more lineboxes and the core chassis, and wherein the one or more lineboxes and the core chassis are managed as a single entity. 6. The modular network element of claim 5, wherein the chassis management protocol implements, between the one or more lineboxes and the core chassis, timing synchronization, presence, status, ownership, interrupts, reset, power, and position identification. 7. The modular network element of claim 5, wherein the one or more controller modules provide power and connectivity to circuitry on each linebox for establishing the chassis management protocol to power the linebox on and off. 8. The modular network element of claim 1, wherein the core chassis comprises an access panel that supports the core chassis and each of the one or more lineboxes. 9. The modular network element of claim 1, wherein each of the one or more lineboxes comprises a display which provides a virtual slot number based on a relative position in a rack. 10. The modular network element of claim 1, wherein the one or more lineboxes comprises a plurality of lineboxes with at least two lineboxes having a different pitch. 11. The modular network element of claim 1, wherein the one or more lineboxes comprises a plurality of lineboxes with at least two lineboxes having one or more of a different number of faceplate ports and a different type of pluggable optics. 12. The modular network element of claim 1, wherein the one or more lineboxes each comprise an Ethernet switch which connect to another Ethernet switch in the one or more switch modules. 13. The modular network element of claim 1, wherein the one or more linebox carriers comprise retractable pins with a spring-loaded mechanism that grabs into holes in rails on a rack and which has a push to disengage mechanism enabling front-only access to the rack. 14. The modular network element of claim 13, wherein the one or more linebox carriers have slack in the cabling to the core chassis allowing movement up and down the rack. 15. A method of deploying a modular network element, the method comprising:
connecting a linebox slot carrier to a rack; providing a linebox in the linebox slot carrier, wherein the linebox is a hybrid between a rack mounted module and a line module which is inserted in a chassis, and wherein the linebox slot carrier connects the linebox to power connectors and data connectors; and providing a core chassis comprising one or more switch modules, one or more controller modules, and a set of connectors located at the rear with cabling to the power connectors and the data connectors on the linebox slot carrier. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
providing a second linebox to a second linebox slot carrier responsive to increase capacity of the modular network element. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the second linebox is added to the core chassis in-service. 18. A modular network element, comprising:
one or more lineboxes which are a hybrid between a rack mounted module and a line module which is inserted in a chassis, each of the one or more lineboxes comprising a plurality of faceplate ports connected to fabric circuitry and a processor; and one or more linebox carriers which are rack mountable and configured to selectively receive the one or more lineboxes and provide power connectors and data connectors thereto. 19. The modular network element of claim 17, wherein the one or more lineboxes comprise a plurality of lineboxes collectively forming a mesh therebetween via the data connectors, and wherein one of the plurality of lineboxes is designated as a primary linebox for implementing a virtual controller of the modular network element via the processor. 20. The modular network element of claim 17, wherein a core chassis is added in-service to increase capacity of the modular network element, wherein the core chassis comprises one or more switch modules, one or more controller modules, and a set of connectors located at the rear for cabling to the power connectors and the data connectors on the one or more linebox carriers. | 2,400 |
9,532 | 9,532 | 15,839,536 | 2,461 | Topology discovery between compute nodes and interconnect switches including creating, on an interconnect switch, a virtual topology discovery device for a first port, wherein the interconnect switch is coupled to a compute node via the first port, and wherein the virtual topology discovery device comprises a port identifier for the first port; mapping the virtual topology discovery device to the first port; receiving an inventory request from the compute node via the first port; routing the inventory request to the virtual topology discovery device for the first port; and sending, from the virtual topology discovery device for the first port, the port identifier to the compute node. | 1. A method comprising:
by program instructions on a computing device, creating, on an interconnect switch, a virtual topology discovery device for a first port, wherein the interconnect switch is coupled to a compute node via the first port, and wherein the virtual topology discovery device comprises a port identifier for the first port; mapping the virtual topology discovery device to the first port; receiving an inventory request from the compute node via the first port; routing the inventory request to the virtual topology discovery device for the first port; and sending, from the virtual topology discovery device for the first port, the port identifier to the compute node. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, from a pod manager, a request to create a mapping between the first port and a compute element coupled to the interconnect switch; and remapping the first port from the virtual topology discovery device to the compute element coupled to the interconnect switch. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein remapping the first port from the virtual topology discovery device to the compute element coupled to the interconnect switch comprises:
creating a virtual function for the compute element; and remapping the first port from the virtual topology discovery device to the virtual function for the compute element. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, from a pod manager, a request to create a mapping between the first port and a second port; and remapping the first port from the virtual topology discovery device to the second port. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the virtual topology discovery device is one of a plurality of virtual topology discovery devices, and wherein each of the plurality of virtual topology discovery devices is associated with a different port of the interconnect switch. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the compute node provides, to a pod manager, the port identifier of the first port on the interconnect switch. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein virtual topology discovery device is a function within firmware for one selected from a group consisting of the interconnect switch and a management controller within an interconnect switch enclosure. 8. An apparatus comprising a computing device, a computer processor, and a computer memory operatively coupled to the computer processor, the computer memory having disposed within it computer program instructions that, when executed by the computer processor, cause the apparatus to carry out the steps of:
creating, on an interconnect switch, a virtual topology discovery device for a first port, wherein the interconnect switch is coupled to a compute node via the first port, and wherein the virtual topology discovery device comprises a port identifier for the first port; mapping the virtual topology discovery device to the first port; receiving an inventory request from the compute node via the first port; routing the inventory request to the virtual topology discovery device for the first port; and sending, from the virtual topology discovery device for the first port, the port identifier to the compute node. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the computer program instructions further cause the apparatus to carry out the step of:
receiving, from a pod manager, a request to create a mapping between the first port and a compute element coupled to the interconnect switch; and remapping the first port from the virtual topology discovery device to the compute element coupled to the interconnect switch. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein remapping the first port from the virtual topology discovery device to the compute element coupled to the interconnect switch comprises:
creating a virtual function for the compute element; and remapping the first port from the virtual topology discovery device to the virtual function for the compute element. 11. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the computer program instructions further cause the apparatus to carry out the step of:
receiving, from a pod manager, a request to create a mapping between the first port and a second port; and remapping the first port from the virtual topology discovery device to the second port. 12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the virtual topology discovery device is one of a plurality of virtual topology discovery devices, and wherein each of the plurality of virtual topology discovery devices is associated with a different port of the interconnect switch. 13. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the compute node provides, to a pod manager, the port identifier of the first port on the interconnect switch. 14. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein virtual topology discovery device is a function within firmware for one selected from a group consisting of the interconnect switch and a management controller within an interconnect switch enclosure. 15. A computer program product including a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, the computer program product comprising computer program instructions that, when executed, cause a computer to carry out the steps of:
creating, on an interconnect switch, a virtual topology discovery device for a first port, wherein the interconnect switch is coupled to a compute node via the first port, and wherein the virtual topology discovery device comprises a port identifier for the first port; mapping the virtual topology discovery device to the first port; receiving an inventory request from the compute node via the first port; routing the inventory request to the virtual topology discovery device for the first port; and sending, from the virtual topology discovery device for the first port, the port identifier to the compute node. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the computer program instructions further cause the computer to carry out the step of:
receiving, from a pod manager, a request to create a mapping between the first port and a compute element coupled to the interconnect switch; and remapping the first port from the virtual topology discovery device to the compute element coupled to the interconnect switch. 17. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein remapping the first port from the virtual topology discovery device to the compute element coupled to the interconnect switch comprises:
creating a virtual function for the compute element; and remapping the first port from the virtual topology discovery device to the virtual function for the compute element. 18. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the computer program instructions further cause the computer to carry out the step of:
receiving, from a pod manager, a request to create a mapping between the first port and a second port; and remapping the first port from the virtual topology discovery device to the second port. 19. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the virtual topology discovery device is one of a plurality of virtual topology discovery devices, and wherein each of the plurality of virtual topology discovery devices is associated with a different port of the interconnect switch. 20. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the compute node provides, to a pod manager, the port identifier of the first port on the interconnect switch. | Topology discovery between compute nodes and interconnect switches including creating, on an interconnect switch, a virtual topology discovery device for a first port, wherein the interconnect switch is coupled to a compute node via the first port, and wherein the virtual topology discovery device comprises a port identifier for the first port; mapping the virtual topology discovery device to the first port; receiving an inventory request from the compute node via the first port; routing the inventory request to the virtual topology discovery device for the first port; and sending, from the virtual topology discovery device for the first port, the port identifier to the compute node.1. A method comprising:
by program instructions on a computing device, creating, on an interconnect switch, a virtual topology discovery device for a first port, wherein the interconnect switch is coupled to a compute node via the first port, and wherein the virtual topology discovery device comprises a port identifier for the first port; mapping the virtual topology discovery device to the first port; receiving an inventory request from the compute node via the first port; routing the inventory request to the virtual topology discovery device for the first port; and sending, from the virtual topology discovery device for the first port, the port identifier to the compute node. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, from a pod manager, a request to create a mapping between the first port and a compute element coupled to the interconnect switch; and remapping the first port from the virtual topology discovery device to the compute element coupled to the interconnect switch. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein remapping the first port from the virtual topology discovery device to the compute element coupled to the interconnect switch comprises:
creating a virtual function for the compute element; and remapping the first port from the virtual topology discovery device to the virtual function for the compute element. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, from a pod manager, a request to create a mapping between the first port and a second port; and remapping the first port from the virtual topology discovery device to the second port. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the virtual topology discovery device is one of a plurality of virtual topology discovery devices, and wherein each of the plurality of virtual topology discovery devices is associated with a different port of the interconnect switch. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the compute node provides, to a pod manager, the port identifier of the first port on the interconnect switch. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein virtual topology discovery device is a function within firmware for one selected from a group consisting of the interconnect switch and a management controller within an interconnect switch enclosure. 8. An apparatus comprising a computing device, a computer processor, and a computer memory operatively coupled to the computer processor, the computer memory having disposed within it computer program instructions that, when executed by the computer processor, cause the apparatus to carry out the steps of:
creating, on an interconnect switch, a virtual topology discovery device for a first port, wherein the interconnect switch is coupled to a compute node via the first port, and wherein the virtual topology discovery device comprises a port identifier for the first port; mapping the virtual topology discovery device to the first port; receiving an inventory request from the compute node via the first port; routing the inventory request to the virtual topology discovery device for the first port; and sending, from the virtual topology discovery device for the first port, the port identifier to the compute node. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the computer program instructions further cause the apparatus to carry out the step of:
receiving, from a pod manager, a request to create a mapping between the first port and a compute element coupled to the interconnect switch; and remapping the first port from the virtual topology discovery device to the compute element coupled to the interconnect switch. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein remapping the first port from the virtual topology discovery device to the compute element coupled to the interconnect switch comprises:
creating a virtual function for the compute element; and remapping the first port from the virtual topology discovery device to the virtual function for the compute element. 11. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the computer program instructions further cause the apparatus to carry out the step of:
receiving, from a pod manager, a request to create a mapping between the first port and a second port; and remapping the first port from the virtual topology discovery device to the second port. 12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the virtual topology discovery device is one of a plurality of virtual topology discovery devices, and wherein each of the plurality of virtual topology discovery devices is associated with a different port of the interconnect switch. 13. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the compute node provides, to a pod manager, the port identifier of the first port on the interconnect switch. 14. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein virtual topology discovery device is a function within firmware for one selected from a group consisting of the interconnect switch and a management controller within an interconnect switch enclosure. 15. A computer program product including a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, the computer program product comprising computer program instructions that, when executed, cause a computer to carry out the steps of:
creating, on an interconnect switch, a virtual topology discovery device for a first port, wherein the interconnect switch is coupled to a compute node via the first port, and wherein the virtual topology discovery device comprises a port identifier for the first port; mapping the virtual topology discovery device to the first port; receiving an inventory request from the compute node via the first port; routing the inventory request to the virtual topology discovery device for the first port; and sending, from the virtual topology discovery device for the first port, the port identifier to the compute node. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the computer program instructions further cause the computer to carry out the step of:
receiving, from a pod manager, a request to create a mapping between the first port and a compute element coupled to the interconnect switch; and remapping the first port from the virtual topology discovery device to the compute element coupled to the interconnect switch. 17. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein remapping the first port from the virtual topology discovery device to the compute element coupled to the interconnect switch comprises:
creating a virtual function for the compute element; and remapping the first port from the virtual topology discovery device to the virtual function for the compute element. 18. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the computer program instructions further cause the computer to carry out the step of:
receiving, from a pod manager, a request to create a mapping between the first port and a second port; and remapping the first port from the virtual topology discovery device to the second port. 19. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the virtual topology discovery device is one of a plurality of virtual topology discovery devices, and wherein each of the plurality of virtual topology discovery devices is associated with a different port of the interconnect switch. 20. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the compute node provides, to a pod manager, the port identifier of the first port on the interconnect switch. | 2,400 |
9,533 | 9,533 | 16,128,415 | 2,464 | An electronic device that determines a transmission schedule is described. This electronic device may include an interface circuit that communicates with a recipient electronic device. During operation, the electronic device may receive a frame with scheduling-request information that is associated with the recipient electronic device. The scheduling-request information may include a buffer status report for persistent traffic, and the frame may be compatible with an IEEE 802.11 communication protocol. For example, the frame may include a scheduling-request management frame. Alternatively, the frame may include a data frame and the scheduling-request information may be included in a media access control (MAC) frame header, such as a high-efficiency (HE) variant high-throughput (HT) control header. Then, the electronic device may determine the transmission schedule based at least in part on the scheduling-request information. | 1. An electronic device, comprising:
a node configured to communicatively couple to an antenna; and an interface circuit, communicatively coupled to the node, configured to communicate with a recipient electronic device, where the interface circuit is configured to:
receive, from the node, a frame with scheduling-request information that is associated with the recipient electronic device, wherein the scheduling-request information comprises a buffer status report for persistent traffic, and wherein the frame is compatible with an IEEE802.11 communication protocol. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the frame comprises a scheduling-request management frame. 3. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the frame comprises a data frame and the scheduling-request information is included in a media access control (MAC) frame header. 4. The electronic device of claim 3, wherein the MAC frame header comprises a high-efficiency (HE) variant high-throughput (HT) control header. 5. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the scheduling-request information indicates whether the scheduling request is for scheduling initiation, scheduling modification or scheduling deletion. 6. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the scheduling-request information comprises one or more of: data-rate information, packet-size information, a packet interval, latency-requirement information, or a timeout value after which a scheduling-request is discarded. 7. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the scheduling-request information comprises: a persistent-traffic identifier, or persistent-traffic information. 8. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the electronic device determines a transmission schedule based at least in part on the scheduling-request information. 9. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the electronic device provides an acknowledgement intended for the recipient electronic device in response to receiving the frame. 10. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the electronic device comprises an access point. 11. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium for use in conjunction with an electronic device, the computer-readable storage medium storing program instructions that, when executed by the electronic device, cause the electronic device to receive a frame by carrying out one or more operations comprising:
receiving a frame with scheduling-request information that is associated with the recipient electronic device, wherein the scheduling-request information comprises a buffer status report for persistent traffic, and wherein the frame is compatible with an IEEE802.11 communication protocol. 12. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein the frame comprises a scheduling-request management frame. 13. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein the frame comprises a data frame and the scheduling-request information is included in a media access control (MAC) frame header. 14. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein the scheduling-request information indicates whether the scheduling request is for scheduling initiation, scheduling modification or scheduling deletion. 15. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein the scheduling-request information comprises one or more of: data-rate information, packet-size information, a packet interval, latency-requirement information, or a timeout value after which a scheduling-request is discarded. 16. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein the scheduling-request information comprises: a persistent-traffic identifier, or persistent-traffic information. 17. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein the one or more operations comprise determining a transmission schedule based at least in part on the scheduling-request information. 18. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein the one or more operations comprise providing an acknowledgement intended for the recipient electronic device in response to receiving the frame. 19. A method for determining a transmission schedule, comprising:
by an electronic device: receiving a frame with scheduling-request information that is associated with the recipient electronic device, wherein the scheduling-request information comprises a buffer status report for persistent traffic, and wherein the frame is compatible with an IEEE802.11 communication protocol; and determining a transmission schedule based at least in part on the scheduling-request information. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the scheduling-request information indicates whether the scheduling request is for scheduling initiation, scheduling modification or scheduling deletion. | An electronic device that determines a transmission schedule is described. This electronic device may include an interface circuit that communicates with a recipient electronic device. During operation, the electronic device may receive a frame with scheduling-request information that is associated with the recipient electronic device. The scheduling-request information may include a buffer status report for persistent traffic, and the frame may be compatible with an IEEE 802.11 communication protocol. For example, the frame may include a scheduling-request management frame. Alternatively, the frame may include a data frame and the scheduling-request information may be included in a media access control (MAC) frame header, such as a high-efficiency (HE) variant high-throughput (HT) control header. Then, the electronic device may determine the transmission schedule based at least in part on the scheduling-request information.1. An electronic device, comprising:
a node configured to communicatively couple to an antenna; and an interface circuit, communicatively coupled to the node, configured to communicate with a recipient electronic device, where the interface circuit is configured to:
receive, from the node, a frame with scheduling-request information that is associated with the recipient electronic device, wherein the scheduling-request information comprises a buffer status report for persistent traffic, and wherein the frame is compatible with an IEEE802.11 communication protocol. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the frame comprises a scheduling-request management frame. 3. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the frame comprises a data frame and the scheduling-request information is included in a media access control (MAC) frame header. 4. The electronic device of claim 3, wherein the MAC frame header comprises a high-efficiency (HE) variant high-throughput (HT) control header. 5. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the scheduling-request information indicates whether the scheduling request is for scheduling initiation, scheduling modification or scheduling deletion. 6. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the scheduling-request information comprises one or more of: data-rate information, packet-size information, a packet interval, latency-requirement information, or a timeout value after which a scheduling-request is discarded. 7. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the scheduling-request information comprises: a persistent-traffic identifier, or persistent-traffic information. 8. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the electronic device determines a transmission schedule based at least in part on the scheduling-request information. 9. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the electronic device provides an acknowledgement intended for the recipient electronic device in response to receiving the frame. 10. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the electronic device comprises an access point. 11. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium for use in conjunction with an electronic device, the computer-readable storage medium storing program instructions that, when executed by the electronic device, cause the electronic device to receive a frame by carrying out one or more operations comprising:
receiving a frame with scheduling-request information that is associated with the recipient electronic device, wherein the scheduling-request information comprises a buffer status report for persistent traffic, and wherein the frame is compatible with an IEEE802.11 communication protocol. 12. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein the frame comprises a scheduling-request management frame. 13. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein the frame comprises a data frame and the scheduling-request information is included in a media access control (MAC) frame header. 14. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein the scheduling-request information indicates whether the scheduling request is for scheduling initiation, scheduling modification or scheduling deletion. 15. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein the scheduling-request information comprises one or more of: data-rate information, packet-size information, a packet interval, latency-requirement information, or a timeout value after which a scheduling-request is discarded. 16. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein the scheduling-request information comprises: a persistent-traffic identifier, or persistent-traffic information. 17. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein the one or more operations comprise determining a transmission schedule based at least in part on the scheduling-request information. 18. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein the one or more operations comprise providing an acknowledgement intended for the recipient electronic device in response to receiving the frame. 19. A method for determining a transmission schedule, comprising:
by an electronic device: receiving a frame with scheduling-request information that is associated with the recipient electronic device, wherein the scheduling-request information comprises a buffer status report for persistent traffic, and wherein the frame is compatible with an IEEE802.11 communication protocol; and determining a transmission schedule based at least in part on the scheduling-request information. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the scheduling-request information indicates whether the scheduling request is for scheduling initiation, scheduling modification or scheduling deletion. | 2,400 |
9,534 | 9,534 | 16,131,133 | 2,485 | Video coding may include generating, by a processor executing instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable medium, an encoded frame by encoding a current frame from an input bitstream, by generating a reference coframe spatiotemporally corresponding to the current frame, wherein the current frame is a frame from a sequence of input frames, wherein each frame from the sequence of input frames has a respective sequential location in the sequence of input frames, and wherein the current frame has a current sequential location in the sequence of input frames, and encoding the current frame using the reference coframe. Video coding may include including the encoded frame in an output bitstream and outputting the output bitstream. | 1. A method comprising:
generating, by a processor executing instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable medium, a decoded frame by decoding a current frame from an encoded bitstream, wherein decoding includes:
identifying a current block from the current frame;
identifying a previously decoded block based on coding information for the current block;
determining whether motion information for the previously decoded block includes a coframe motion vector for the previously decoded block;
determining whether to identify a prediction block for decoding the current block based on a reference coframe;
in response to a determination to omit identifying the prediction block for decoding the current block based on the reference coframe:
in response to a determination that the motion information for the previously decoded block includes the coframe motion vector for the previously decoded block:
identifying an alignment block in the reference coframe based on a spatial location of the previously decoded block and the coframe motion vector for the previously decoded block;
determining a motion vector for the alignment block based on motion field information for the alignment block;
determining a motion vector prediction for the current block based on the motion vector for the alignment block and the coframe motion vector for the previously decoded block;
determining a motion vector for the current block based on the motion vector prediction for the current block; and
identifying the prediction block based on a reference frame indicated by the motion vector for the current block;
in response to a determination to identify the prediction block for decoding the current block based on the reference coframe:
in response to a determination that the motion information for the previously decoded block includes the coframe motion vector for the previously decoded block:
determining a coframe motion vector prediction for the current block based on the coframe motion vector for the previously decoded block;
in response to a determination that the motion information for the previously decoded block omits the coframe motion vector for the previously decoded block:
identifying a forward motion vector from the motion information for the previously decoded block;
identifying a backward motion vector from the motion information for the previously decoded block;
determining a coframe motion vector prediction for the current block based on the forward motion vector and the backward motion vector;
determining a coframe motion vector for the current block based on the coframe motion vector prediction for the current block; and
identifying the prediction block based on the reference coframe and the coframe motion vector for the current block;
generating a decoded block corresponding to the current block based on the prediction block; and
including the decoded block in the decoded frame; and
outputting a reconstructed frame based on the decoded frame. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein decoding includes:
generating the reference coframe for the current frame based on a motion field at a spatiotemporal location corresponding to a spatiotemporal location of the current frame such that the reference coframe is indicative of linear motion at the spatiotemporal location among a sequence of frames, wherein the sequence of frames includes the current frame. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the coframe motion vector for the previously decoded block indicates a spatial displacement between a location of the previously decoded block in the current frame and a location in the reference coframe; and the coframe motion vector for the current block indicates a spatial displacement between a location of the current block in the current frame and a location in the reference coframe. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether to identify the prediction block for decoding the current block based on the reference coframe includes:
decoding the coding information for the current block from the encoded bitstream; and determining whether to identify the prediction block for decoding the current block based on the reference coframe based on the coding information for the current block. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the motion vector for the alignment block includes:
obtaining the motion vector for the alignment block by averaging the motion field information corresponding to the alignment block. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the motion vector prediction for the current block based on the motion vector for the alignment block and the coframe motion vector for the previously decoded block includes:
determining a motion vector prediction for the previously decoded block based on the motion vector for the alignment block and the coframe motion vector for the previously decoded block; and identifying the motion vector prediction for the previously decoded block as the motion vector prediction for the current block. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein:
determining the motion vector for the alignment block includes:
determining a first motion vector for the alignment block; and
determining a second motion vector for the alignment block; and
determining the motion vector prediction for the current block includes:
determining a first motion vector prediction for the current block as a sum of the first motion vector for the alignment block and the coframe motion vector; and
determining a second motion vector prediction for the current block as a sum of the second motion vector for the alignment block and the coframe motion vector. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the current frame is a frame from a sequence of frames, wherein each frame from the sequence of frames has a respective sequential location in the sequence of frames, wherein the current frame has a current sequential location in the sequence of frames; the backward motion vector indicates a backward reference frame at a first sequential location preceding the current sequential location; the forward motion vector indicates a forward reference frame at a second sequential location subsequent to the current sequential location; and determining the coframe motion vector prediction for the current block includes:
determining a sum of a product of a quotient of the second sequential location and a sum of the first sequential location and the second sequential location and the backward motion vector and a product of a quotient of the first sequential location and the sum of the first sequential location and the second sequential location and the forward motion vector. 9. A method comprising:
generating, by a processor executing instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable medium, an encoded frame by encoding a current frame from an input bitstream, wherein encoding includes:
identifying a current block from the current frame;
identifying a previously coded block;
determining whether motion information for the previously coded block includes a coframe motion vector for the previously coded block;
determining whether to identify a prediction block for encoding the current block based on a reference coframe;
in response to a determination to omit identifying the prediction block for encoding the current block based on the reference coframe:
in response to a determination that the motion information for the previously coded block includes the coframe motion vector for the previously coded block:
identifying an alignment block in the reference coframe based on a spatial location of the previously coded block and the coframe motion vector for the previously coded block;
determining a motion vector for the alignment block based on motion field information for the alignment block;
determining a motion vector prediction for the current block based on the motion vector for the alignment block and the coframe motion vector for the previously coded block; and
including an indication of the motion vector prediction for the current block in an output bitstream; and
in response to a determination to identify the prediction block for encoding the current block based on the reference coframe, determining a coframe motion vector prediction for the current block, wherein determining the coframe motion vector prediction for the current block includes:
in response to a determination that the motion information for the previously coded block includes the coframe motion vector for the previously coded block:
determining the coframe motion vector prediction for the current block based on the coframe motion vector for the previously coded block;
in response to a determination that the motion information for the previously coded block omits the coframe motion vector for the previously coded block:
identifying a forward motion vector from the motion information for the previously coded block;
identifying a backward motion vector from the motion information for the previously coded block; and
determining the coframe motion vector prediction for the current block based on the forward motion vector and the backward motion vector; and
including the indication of the coframe motion vector prediction for the current block in the output bitstream; and
outputting the output bitstream. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein encoding includes:
generating the reference coframe for the current frame based on a motion field at a spatiotemporal location corresponding to a spatiotemporal location of the current frame such that the reference coframe is indicative of linear motion at the spatiotemporal location among a sequence of frames, wherein the sequence of frames includes the current frame. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein:
the coframe motion vector for the previously coded block indicates a spatial displacement between a location of the previously coded block in the current frame and a location in the reference coframe; and the coframe motion vector for the current block indicates a spatial displacement between a location of the current block in the current frame and a location in the reference coframe. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein determining the motion vector for the alignment block includes:
obtaining the motion vector for the alignment block by averaging the motion field information corresponding to the alignment block. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein determining the motion vector prediction for the current block based on the motion vector for the alignment block and the coframe motion vector for the previously coded block includes:
determining a motion vector prediction for the previously coded block based on the motion vector for the alignment block and the coframe motion vector for the previously coded block; and identifying the motion vector prediction for the previously coded block as the motion vector prediction for the current block. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein:
determining the motion vector for the alignment block includes:
determining a first motion vector for the alignment block; and
determining a second motion vector for the alignment block; and
determining the motion vector prediction for the current block includes:
determining a first motion vector prediction for the current block as a sum of the first motion vector for the alignment block and the coframe motion vector; and
determining a second motion vector prediction for the current block as a sum of the second motion vector for the alignment block and the coframe motion vector. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein:
the current frame is a frame from a sequence of input frames, wherein each frame from the sequence of input frames has a respective sequential location in the sequence of input frames, wherein the current frame has a current sequential location in the sequence of input frames; the backward motion vector indicates a backward reference frame at a first sequential location preceding the current sequential location; the forward motion vector indicates a forward reference frame at a second sequential location subsequent to the current sequential location; and determining the coframe motion vector prediction for the current block includes:
determining a sum of a product of a quotient of the second sequential location and a sum of the first sequential location and the second sequential location and the backward motion vector and a product of a quotient of the first sequential location and the sum of the first sequential location and the second sequential location and the forward motion vector. 16. A method comprising:
generating, by a processor executing instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable medium, an encoded frame by encoding a current frame from an input bitstream, wherein encoding includes:
generating a reference coframe spatiotemporally corresponding to the current frame, wherein the current frame is a frame from a sequence of input frames, wherein each frame from the sequence of input frames has a respective sequential location in the sequence of input frames, and wherein the current frame has a current sequential location in the sequence of input frames; and
encoding the current frame using the reference coframe;
including the encoded frame in an output bitstream; and outputting the output bitstream. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein encoding the current frame using the reference coframe includes:
generating a prediction block for encoding a current block in the current frame based on a reconstructed reference frame, wherein the reconstructed reference frame has a sequential location in the sequence of input frames that differs from the current sequential location; determining a motion vector prediction for the current block based on a coframe motion vector for a previously coded block neighboring the current block in the current frame; and including an indication of the motion vector prediction for the current block in the output bitstream. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein determining the motion vector prediction for the current block includes:
identifying an alignment block in the reference coframe based on a spatial location of the previously coded block and the coframe motion vector for the previously coded block; determining a motion vector for the alignment block based on motion field information for the alignment block; determining the motion vector prediction for the current block based on the motion vector for the alignment block and the coframe motion vector for the previously coded block includes: determining a motion vector prediction for the previously coded block based on the motion vector for the alignment block and the coframe motion vector for the previously coded block; and identifying the motion vector prediction for the previously coded block as the motion vector prediction for the current block. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein encoding the current frame using the reference coframe includes:
generating a prediction block for encoding a current block in the current frame based on the reference coframe; determining a coframe motion vector prediction for the current block, wherein determining the coframe motion vector prediction for the current block includes:
in response to a determination that motion information for a previously coded block neighboring the current block in the current frame includes a coframe motion vector for the previously coded block, determining the coframe motion vector prediction for the current block based on the coframe motion vector for the previously coded block; and
in response to a determination that the motion information for the previously coded block includes a compound motion vector for the previously coded block, determining the coframe motion vector prediction for the current block based on the compound motion vector for the previously coded block; and
including an indication of the coframe motion vector prediction for the current block in the output bitstream. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein determining the coframe motion vector prediction for the current block based on the compound motion vector for the previously coded block includes:
identifying a forward motion vector from the motion information for the previously coded block; identifying a backward motion vector from the motion information for the previously coded block; and determining a coframe motion vector prediction for the current block based on the forward motion vector and the backward motion vector. | Video coding may include generating, by a processor executing instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable medium, an encoded frame by encoding a current frame from an input bitstream, by generating a reference coframe spatiotemporally corresponding to the current frame, wherein the current frame is a frame from a sequence of input frames, wherein each frame from the sequence of input frames has a respective sequential location in the sequence of input frames, and wherein the current frame has a current sequential location in the sequence of input frames, and encoding the current frame using the reference coframe. Video coding may include including the encoded frame in an output bitstream and outputting the output bitstream.1. A method comprising:
generating, by a processor executing instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable medium, a decoded frame by decoding a current frame from an encoded bitstream, wherein decoding includes:
identifying a current block from the current frame;
identifying a previously decoded block based on coding information for the current block;
determining whether motion information for the previously decoded block includes a coframe motion vector for the previously decoded block;
determining whether to identify a prediction block for decoding the current block based on a reference coframe;
in response to a determination to omit identifying the prediction block for decoding the current block based on the reference coframe:
in response to a determination that the motion information for the previously decoded block includes the coframe motion vector for the previously decoded block:
identifying an alignment block in the reference coframe based on a spatial location of the previously decoded block and the coframe motion vector for the previously decoded block;
determining a motion vector for the alignment block based on motion field information for the alignment block;
determining a motion vector prediction for the current block based on the motion vector for the alignment block and the coframe motion vector for the previously decoded block;
determining a motion vector for the current block based on the motion vector prediction for the current block; and
identifying the prediction block based on a reference frame indicated by the motion vector for the current block;
in response to a determination to identify the prediction block for decoding the current block based on the reference coframe:
in response to a determination that the motion information for the previously decoded block includes the coframe motion vector for the previously decoded block:
determining a coframe motion vector prediction for the current block based on the coframe motion vector for the previously decoded block;
in response to a determination that the motion information for the previously decoded block omits the coframe motion vector for the previously decoded block:
identifying a forward motion vector from the motion information for the previously decoded block;
identifying a backward motion vector from the motion information for the previously decoded block;
determining a coframe motion vector prediction for the current block based on the forward motion vector and the backward motion vector;
determining a coframe motion vector for the current block based on the coframe motion vector prediction for the current block; and
identifying the prediction block based on the reference coframe and the coframe motion vector for the current block;
generating a decoded block corresponding to the current block based on the prediction block; and
including the decoded block in the decoded frame; and
outputting a reconstructed frame based on the decoded frame. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein decoding includes:
generating the reference coframe for the current frame based on a motion field at a spatiotemporal location corresponding to a spatiotemporal location of the current frame such that the reference coframe is indicative of linear motion at the spatiotemporal location among a sequence of frames, wherein the sequence of frames includes the current frame. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the coframe motion vector for the previously decoded block indicates a spatial displacement between a location of the previously decoded block in the current frame and a location in the reference coframe; and the coframe motion vector for the current block indicates a spatial displacement between a location of the current block in the current frame and a location in the reference coframe. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether to identify the prediction block for decoding the current block based on the reference coframe includes:
decoding the coding information for the current block from the encoded bitstream; and determining whether to identify the prediction block for decoding the current block based on the reference coframe based on the coding information for the current block. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the motion vector for the alignment block includes:
obtaining the motion vector for the alignment block by averaging the motion field information corresponding to the alignment block. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the motion vector prediction for the current block based on the motion vector for the alignment block and the coframe motion vector for the previously decoded block includes:
determining a motion vector prediction for the previously decoded block based on the motion vector for the alignment block and the coframe motion vector for the previously decoded block; and identifying the motion vector prediction for the previously decoded block as the motion vector prediction for the current block. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein:
determining the motion vector for the alignment block includes:
determining a first motion vector for the alignment block; and
determining a second motion vector for the alignment block; and
determining the motion vector prediction for the current block includes:
determining a first motion vector prediction for the current block as a sum of the first motion vector for the alignment block and the coframe motion vector; and
determining a second motion vector prediction for the current block as a sum of the second motion vector for the alignment block and the coframe motion vector. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the current frame is a frame from a sequence of frames, wherein each frame from the sequence of frames has a respective sequential location in the sequence of frames, wherein the current frame has a current sequential location in the sequence of frames; the backward motion vector indicates a backward reference frame at a first sequential location preceding the current sequential location; the forward motion vector indicates a forward reference frame at a second sequential location subsequent to the current sequential location; and determining the coframe motion vector prediction for the current block includes:
determining a sum of a product of a quotient of the second sequential location and a sum of the first sequential location and the second sequential location and the backward motion vector and a product of a quotient of the first sequential location and the sum of the first sequential location and the second sequential location and the forward motion vector. 9. A method comprising:
generating, by a processor executing instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable medium, an encoded frame by encoding a current frame from an input bitstream, wherein encoding includes:
identifying a current block from the current frame;
identifying a previously coded block;
determining whether motion information for the previously coded block includes a coframe motion vector for the previously coded block;
determining whether to identify a prediction block for encoding the current block based on a reference coframe;
in response to a determination to omit identifying the prediction block for encoding the current block based on the reference coframe:
in response to a determination that the motion information for the previously coded block includes the coframe motion vector for the previously coded block:
identifying an alignment block in the reference coframe based on a spatial location of the previously coded block and the coframe motion vector for the previously coded block;
determining a motion vector for the alignment block based on motion field information for the alignment block;
determining a motion vector prediction for the current block based on the motion vector for the alignment block and the coframe motion vector for the previously coded block; and
including an indication of the motion vector prediction for the current block in an output bitstream; and
in response to a determination to identify the prediction block for encoding the current block based on the reference coframe, determining a coframe motion vector prediction for the current block, wherein determining the coframe motion vector prediction for the current block includes:
in response to a determination that the motion information for the previously coded block includes the coframe motion vector for the previously coded block:
determining the coframe motion vector prediction for the current block based on the coframe motion vector for the previously coded block;
in response to a determination that the motion information for the previously coded block omits the coframe motion vector for the previously coded block:
identifying a forward motion vector from the motion information for the previously coded block;
identifying a backward motion vector from the motion information for the previously coded block; and
determining the coframe motion vector prediction for the current block based on the forward motion vector and the backward motion vector; and
including the indication of the coframe motion vector prediction for the current block in the output bitstream; and
outputting the output bitstream. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein encoding includes:
generating the reference coframe for the current frame based on a motion field at a spatiotemporal location corresponding to a spatiotemporal location of the current frame such that the reference coframe is indicative of linear motion at the spatiotemporal location among a sequence of frames, wherein the sequence of frames includes the current frame. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein:
the coframe motion vector for the previously coded block indicates a spatial displacement between a location of the previously coded block in the current frame and a location in the reference coframe; and the coframe motion vector for the current block indicates a spatial displacement between a location of the current block in the current frame and a location in the reference coframe. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein determining the motion vector for the alignment block includes:
obtaining the motion vector for the alignment block by averaging the motion field information corresponding to the alignment block. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein determining the motion vector prediction for the current block based on the motion vector for the alignment block and the coframe motion vector for the previously coded block includes:
determining a motion vector prediction for the previously coded block based on the motion vector for the alignment block and the coframe motion vector for the previously coded block; and identifying the motion vector prediction for the previously coded block as the motion vector prediction for the current block. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein:
determining the motion vector for the alignment block includes:
determining a first motion vector for the alignment block; and
determining a second motion vector for the alignment block; and
determining the motion vector prediction for the current block includes:
determining a first motion vector prediction for the current block as a sum of the first motion vector for the alignment block and the coframe motion vector; and
determining a second motion vector prediction for the current block as a sum of the second motion vector for the alignment block and the coframe motion vector. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein:
the current frame is a frame from a sequence of input frames, wherein each frame from the sequence of input frames has a respective sequential location in the sequence of input frames, wherein the current frame has a current sequential location in the sequence of input frames; the backward motion vector indicates a backward reference frame at a first sequential location preceding the current sequential location; the forward motion vector indicates a forward reference frame at a second sequential location subsequent to the current sequential location; and determining the coframe motion vector prediction for the current block includes:
determining a sum of a product of a quotient of the second sequential location and a sum of the first sequential location and the second sequential location and the backward motion vector and a product of a quotient of the first sequential location and the sum of the first sequential location and the second sequential location and the forward motion vector. 16. A method comprising:
generating, by a processor executing instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable medium, an encoded frame by encoding a current frame from an input bitstream, wherein encoding includes:
generating a reference coframe spatiotemporally corresponding to the current frame, wherein the current frame is a frame from a sequence of input frames, wherein each frame from the sequence of input frames has a respective sequential location in the sequence of input frames, and wherein the current frame has a current sequential location in the sequence of input frames; and
encoding the current frame using the reference coframe;
including the encoded frame in an output bitstream; and outputting the output bitstream. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein encoding the current frame using the reference coframe includes:
generating a prediction block for encoding a current block in the current frame based on a reconstructed reference frame, wherein the reconstructed reference frame has a sequential location in the sequence of input frames that differs from the current sequential location; determining a motion vector prediction for the current block based on a coframe motion vector for a previously coded block neighboring the current block in the current frame; and including an indication of the motion vector prediction for the current block in the output bitstream. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein determining the motion vector prediction for the current block includes:
identifying an alignment block in the reference coframe based on a spatial location of the previously coded block and the coframe motion vector for the previously coded block; determining a motion vector for the alignment block based on motion field information for the alignment block; determining the motion vector prediction for the current block based on the motion vector for the alignment block and the coframe motion vector for the previously coded block includes: determining a motion vector prediction for the previously coded block based on the motion vector for the alignment block and the coframe motion vector for the previously coded block; and identifying the motion vector prediction for the previously coded block as the motion vector prediction for the current block. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein encoding the current frame using the reference coframe includes:
generating a prediction block for encoding a current block in the current frame based on the reference coframe; determining a coframe motion vector prediction for the current block, wherein determining the coframe motion vector prediction for the current block includes:
in response to a determination that motion information for a previously coded block neighboring the current block in the current frame includes a coframe motion vector for the previously coded block, determining the coframe motion vector prediction for the current block based on the coframe motion vector for the previously coded block; and
in response to a determination that the motion information for the previously coded block includes a compound motion vector for the previously coded block, determining the coframe motion vector prediction for the current block based on the compound motion vector for the previously coded block; and
including an indication of the coframe motion vector prediction for the current block in the output bitstream. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein determining the coframe motion vector prediction for the current block based on the compound motion vector for the previously coded block includes:
identifying a forward motion vector from the motion information for the previously coded block; identifying a backward motion vector from the motion information for the previously coded block; and determining a coframe motion vector prediction for the current block based on the forward motion vector and the backward motion vector. | 2,400 |
9,535 | 9,535 | 16,578,726 | 2,455 | A device receives a message requesting establishment of packet data unit (PDU) session for an end device and determines that the message identifies particular performance requirements relating to the requested PDU session. The device initiates dynamic instantiation of one or more functional components at a configurable control node based on the particular performance requirements. The device then establishes the PDU session using the dynamically instantiated of one or more functional components. | 1. A method, comprising:
receiving, by a network device, a message requesting establishment of a packet data unit (PDU) session for an end device; determining, by the network device, that the message identifies particular performance requirements relating to the requested PDU session; initiating dynamic instantiation of one or more functionalities at a configurable control node based on the particular performance requirements; wherein the one or more functionalities comprise one or more of: centralized unit (CU) functionalities, accessibility and mobility management function (AMF) functionalities, or session management function (SMF) functionalities; and establishing the PDU session using one or more of the dynamically instantiated functionalities. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the performance requirements indicate one or more of:
a security requirement, a latency requirement, and a reliability or reachability requirement. 3. (canceled) 4. The method of claim 1, wherein initiating the dynamic instantiation further comprises:
determining available resources at the configurable control node; and initiating the dynamic instantiation when the available resources at the configurable control node can accommodate the one or more functionalities. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a request to release the PDU session; releasing the PDU session based on the release request; and deallocating resources associated with the dynamically instantiated one or more functionalities based on the release request. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
determining whether one or more of the dynamically instantiated functionalities are in use by another PDU session; and not deallocating resources corresponding to the one or more of the dynamically instantiated functionalities that are in use by the other PDU session. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a registration request message from the end device; forwarding the registration request message to a centralized unit in one of a core network or an edge network, wherein the centralized unit communicates with one or more of an access and mobility management function (AMF) and a session management function (SMF) in the core or edge network; finalizing the registration with the centralized unit; and receiving the message requesting establishment of PDU session following the registration. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the network device comprises a distributed unit (DU) of a wireless station. 9. A device, comprising:
at least one communication interface; and one or more processors configured to:
receive a message requesting establishment of a packet data unit (PDU) session for an end device;
determine that the message identifies particular performance requirements relating to the requested PDU session;
initiate dynamic instantiation of one or more functionalities at a configurable control node based on the particular performance requirements,
wherein the one or more functionalities comprise one or more of:
centralized unit (CU) functionalities, accessibility and mobility management function (AMF) functionalities, or session management function (SMF) functionalities; and
establish the PDU session using one or more of the dynamically instantiated functionalities. 10. The device of claim 9, wherein the performance requirements indicate one or more of:
a security requirement, a latency requirement, and a reliability or reachability requirement. 11. (canceled) 12. The device of claim 9, wherein the one or more processors, to initiate the dynamic instantiation are further configured to:
determine available resources at the configurable control node; and initiate the dynamic instantiation when the available resources at the configurable control node can accommodate the one or more functionalities. 13. The device of claim 9, wherein the one or more processors, are further configured to:
receive a request to release the PDU session; release the PDU session based on the release request; and initiate deallocation of resources associated with the dynamically instantiated functionalities based on the release request. 14. The device of claim 13, wherein the one or more processors, are further configured to:
determine whether one or more of the dynamically instantiated functionalities are in use by another PDU session; and not initiate the deallocation of resources corresponding to the one or more of the dynamically instantiated functionalities that are in use by the other PDU session. 15. The device of claim 9, wherein the one or more processors, are further configured to:
receive a registration request message from an end device; forward the registration request message to a centralized unit in one of a core network or an edge network, wherein the centralized unit communicates with one or more of an access and mobility management function (AMF) and a session management function (SMF) in the core or edge network; finalize the registration with the centralized unit; and receive the message requesting establishment of PDU session following the registration. 16. The device of claim 9, wherein the device comprises a distributed unit (DU) of a wireless station. 17. A non-transitory storage medium storing instructions executable by a device, wherein the instructions cause the device to:
receive, by a network device, a message requesting establishment of a packet data unit (PDU) session for an end device; determine, by the network device, that the message identifies particular performance requirements relating to the requested PDU session; initiate dynamic instantiation of one or more functionalities at a configurable control node based on the particular performance requirements, wherein the one or more functionalities comprise one or more of: centralized unit (CU) functionalities, accessibility and mobility management function (AMF) functionalities, or session management function (SMF) functionalities; and establish the PDU session using one or more of the dynamically instantiated functionalities. 18. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 17, wherein the particular performance requirements indicate one or more of:
a security requirement, a latency requirement, and a reliability or reachability requirement. 19. (canceled) 20. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 17, wherein the instructions cause the device to initiate the dynamic instantiation further cause the device to:
determine available resources at the configurable control node; and initiate the dynamic instantiation when the available resources at the configurable control node can accommodate the one or more functionalities. | A device receives a message requesting establishment of packet data unit (PDU) session for an end device and determines that the message identifies particular performance requirements relating to the requested PDU session. The device initiates dynamic instantiation of one or more functional components at a configurable control node based on the particular performance requirements. The device then establishes the PDU session using the dynamically instantiated of one or more functional components.1. A method, comprising:
receiving, by a network device, a message requesting establishment of a packet data unit (PDU) session for an end device; determining, by the network device, that the message identifies particular performance requirements relating to the requested PDU session; initiating dynamic instantiation of one or more functionalities at a configurable control node based on the particular performance requirements; wherein the one or more functionalities comprise one or more of: centralized unit (CU) functionalities, accessibility and mobility management function (AMF) functionalities, or session management function (SMF) functionalities; and establishing the PDU session using one or more of the dynamically instantiated functionalities. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the performance requirements indicate one or more of:
a security requirement, a latency requirement, and a reliability or reachability requirement. 3. (canceled) 4. The method of claim 1, wherein initiating the dynamic instantiation further comprises:
determining available resources at the configurable control node; and initiating the dynamic instantiation when the available resources at the configurable control node can accommodate the one or more functionalities. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a request to release the PDU session; releasing the PDU session based on the release request; and deallocating resources associated with the dynamically instantiated one or more functionalities based on the release request. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
determining whether one or more of the dynamically instantiated functionalities are in use by another PDU session; and not deallocating resources corresponding to the one or more of the dynamically instantiated functionalities that are in use by the other PDU session. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a registration request message from the end device; forwarding the registration request message to a centralized unit in one of a core network or an edge network, wherein the centralized unit communicates with one or more of an access and mobility management function (AMF) and a session management function (SMF) in the core or edge network; finalizing the registration with the centralized unit; and receiving the message requesting establishment of PDU session following the registration. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the network device comprises a distributed unit (DU) of a wireless station. 9. A device, comprising:
at least one communication interface; and one or more processors configured to:
receive a message requesting establishment of a packet data unit (PDU) session for an end device;
determine that the message identifies particular performance requirements relating to the requested PDU session;
initiate dynamic instantiation of one or more functionalities at a configurable control node based on the particular performance requirements,
wherein the one or more functionalities comprise one or more of:
centralized unit (CU) functionalities, accessibility and mobility management function (AMF) functionalities, or session management function (SMF) functionalities; and
establish the PDU session using one or more of the dynamically instantiated functionalities. 10. The device of claim 9, wherein the performance requirements indicate one or more of:
a security requirement, a latency requirement, and a reliability or reachability requirement. 11. (canceled) 12. The device of claim 9, wherein the one or more processors, to initiate the dynamic instantiation are further configured to:
determine available resources at the configurable control node; and initiate the dynamic instantiation when the available resources at the configurable control node can accommodate the one or more functionalities. 13. The device of claim 9, wherein the one or more processors, are further configured to:
receive a request to release the PDU session; release the PDU session based on the release request; and initiate deallocation of resources associated with the dynamically instantiated functionalities based on the release request. 14. The device of claim 13, wherein the one or more processors, are further configured to:
determine whether one or more of the dynamically instantiated functionalities are in use by another PDU session; and not initiate the deallocation of resources corresponding to the one or more of the dynamically instantiated functionalities that are in use by the other PDU session. 15. The device of claim 9, wherein the one or more processors, are further configured to:
receive a registration request message from an end device; forward the registration request message to a centralized unit in one of a core network or an edge network, wherein the centralized unit communicates with one or more of an access and mobility management function (AMF) and a session management function (SMF) in the core or edge network; finalize the registration with the centralized unit; and receive the message requesting establishment of PDU session following the registration. 16. The device of claim 9, wherein the device comprises a distributed unit (DU) of a wireless station. 17. A non-transitory storage medium storing instructions executable by a device, wherein the instructions cause the device to:
receive, by a network device, a message requesting establishment of a packet data unit (PDU) session for an end device; determine, by the network device, that the message identifies particular performance requirements relating to the requested PDU session; initiate dynamic instantiation of one or more functionalities at a configurable control node based on the particular performance requirements, wherein the one or more functionalities comprise one or more of: centralized unit (CU) functionalities, accessibility and mobility management function (AMF) functionalities, or session management function (SMF) functionalities; and establish the PDU session using one or more of the dynamically instantiated functionalities. 18. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 17, wherein the particular performance requirements indicate one or more of:
a security requirement, a latency requirement, and a reliability or reachability requirement. 19. (canceled) 20. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 17, wherein the instructions cause the device to initiate the dynamic instantiation further cause the device to:
determine available resources at the configurable control node; and initiate the dynamic instantiation when the available resources at the configurable control node can accommodate the one or more functionalities. | 2,400 |
9,536 | 9,536 | 16,383,214 | 2,464 | Embodiments include methods, systems, and apparatuses for automatic broadband information correlation and record generation. In one embodiment, a method includes receiving performance information related to a broadband connection of customer premises equipment (CPE), and receiving information related to a local network connected to the CPE. The method includes processing the local network information to generate location information associated with the CPE. The method further includes generating a record including the performance information and the location information associated with the CPE. | 1. (canceled) 2. A method comprising
sending, from a first customer premises equipment (CPE), local network information to a server; generating location information associated with the first CPE based on at least the local network information; identifying, at the server, one or more nearby CPEs based on at least the location information associated with the first CPE; determining an expected performance for the first CPE using performance information of the one or more identified nearby CPEs; and estimating the expected performance for the first CPE as being similar to performance of the one or more identified nearby CPEs. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the local network information comprises a service set identification (SSID) of a local network connected to the first CPE. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein the local network information further comprises one or more SSIDs of one or more local networks visible to the first CPE. 5. The method of claim 4 wherein generating location information associated with the first CPE comprises one or more of:
querying a database using the SSID of the local network connected to the first CPE; or
querying the database using the one or more SSIDs of one or more local networks visible to the first CPE. 6. The method of claim 4 wherein the local network connected to the first CPE and the one or more local networks visible to the first CPE comprise at least one or more of:
WiFi,
Multimedia over Coax Alliance (MoCA),
Power Line Communication (PLC),
HomePlug,
Ethernet, or
Femtocell. 7. The method of claim 2 wherein the one or more nearby CPEs are identified according to a predetermined distance criterion to the first CPE. 8. The method of claim 2 wherein determining expected performance for the first CPE comprises performing an averaging calculation using performance information for the one or more identified nearby CPEs. 9. The method of claim 2 wherein determining expected performance for the first CPE involves directly equating the expected performance for the first CPE to a value determined for one identified nearby CPE. 10. The method of claim 2 wherein the performance information of the one or more identified nearby CPEs comprises at least one or more of:
throughput,
data rate,
error statistics,
signal strength,
latency,
jitter,
connectivity, or
power consumption. 11. A method comprising
receiving performance information related to a broadband connection of a first customer premises equipment (CPE); receiving local network information associated with the first CPE, the local network information comprises information of one or more local networks visible to the first CPE; generating location information associated with the first CPE based on at least the local network information; and generating a record comprising the performance information and the location information associated with the first CPE. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein the performance information related to the broadband connection of the first CPE comprises at least one or more of:
throughput,
data rate,
error statistics,
signal strength,
latency,
jitter,
connectivity, or
power consumption. 13. The method of claim 11 wherein the local network information comprises a service set identification (SSID) of a local network connected to the first CPE and one or more SSIDs of one or more local networks visible to the first CPE. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein generating location information associated with the first CPE comprises:
querying a database with the local network information associated with the first CPE to obtain location information associated with the first CPE. 15. The method of claim 14 wherein the database is a public database storing a table of SSIDs and locations mapped to those SSIDs. 16. The method of claim 14 wherein querying the database comprises one or more from:
querying the database with a SSID of the local network connected to the first CPE; and
querying the database with SSIDs of the one or more neighbor local networks visible to the first CPE. 17. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium or media having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
receiving local network information association with a first customer premises equipment (CPE), the local network information comprises a service set identification (SSID) of a local network connected to the first CPE and one or more SSIDs of one or more local networks visible to the first CPE; querying a database with the local network information associated with the first CPE to obtain location information associated with the first CPE, the database comprises a table of SSIDs and locations mapped to those SSIDs; and generating a record comprising at least the location information associated with the first CPE. 18. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium or media of claim 17, wherein the one or more local networks comprise at least one or more of:
WiFi, Multimedia over Coax Alliance (MoCA), Power Line Communication (PLC), HomePlug, Ethernet, or Femtocell. 19. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium or media of claim 17, wherein the process further comprises:
receiving performance information related to a broadband connection of the first CPE, the performance information is included in the record for the first CPE. 20. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium or media of claim 19, wherein the performance information is at least one or more of:
throughput, data rate, error statistics, signal strength, latency, jitter, connectivity, or power consumption. 21. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium or media of claim 17, wherein the process further comprises:
identifying one or more nearby CPEs based on at least the location information associated with the first CPE; and determining an expected performance for the first CPE using performance information of the one or more identified nearby CPEs. 22. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium or media of claim 17, wherein the first CPE comprises one or more of:
a Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) modem, a WiFi router, an Ethernet connected wireless bridge, an Ethernet connected network bridge, an Ethernet connected network switch, a wireless access point, an in-home power line device, a Home Phoneline Network Alliance (HPNA) based device, an in-home coax distribution device, a G.hn compatible device, a cellular telephony compatible device, a third generation (3G) compatible device, a fourth generation (4G) compatible device, a Long Term Evolution (LTE) compatible device, a WiFi device, an in-home appliance communicatively interfaced with a LAN, a computing device connected to the LAN, a HomePlug device, an IEEE P1901 standards compatible access Broadband over Power Line (BPL) device, and an Ethernet connected computer peripheral device. | Embodiments include methods, systems, and apparatuses for automatic broadband information correlation and record generation. In one embodiment, a method includes receiving performance information related to a broadband connection of customer premises equipment (CPE), and receiving information related to a local network connected to the CPE. The method includes processing the local network information to generate location information associated with the CPE. The method further includes generating a record including the performance information and the location information associated with the CPE.1. (canceled) 2. A method comprising
sending, from a first customer premises equipment (CPE), local network information to a server; generating location information associated with the first CPE based on at least the local network information; identifying, at the server, one or more nearby CPEs based on at least the location information associated with the first CPE; determining an expected performance for the first CPE using performance information of the one or more identified nearby CPEs; and estimating the expected performance for the first CPE as being similar to performance of the one or more identified nearby CPEs. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the local network information comprises a service set identification (SSID) of a local network connected to the first CPE. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein the local network information further comprises one or more SSIDs of one or more local networks visible to the first CPE. 5. The method of claim 4 wherein generating location information associated with the first CPE comprises one or more of:
querying a database using the SSID of the local network connected to the first CPE; or
querying the database using the one or more SSIDs of one or more local networks visible to the first CPE. 6. The method of claim 4 wherein the local network connected to the first CPE and the one or more local networks visible to the first CPE comprise at least one or more of:
WiFi,
Multimedia over Coax Alliance (MoCA),
Power Line Communication (PLC),
HomePlug,
Ethernet, or
Femtocell. 7. The method of claim 2 wherein the one or more nearby CPEs are identified according to a predetermined distance criterion to the first CPE. 8. The method of claim 2 wherein determining expected performance for the first CPE comprises performing an averaging calculation using performance information for the one or more identified nearby CPEs. 9. The method of claim 2 wherein determining expected performance for the first CPE involves directly equating the expected performance for the first CPE to a value determined for one identified nearby CPE. 10. The method of claim 2 wherein the performance information of the one or more identified nearby CPEs comprises at least one or more of:
throughput,
data rate,
error statistics,
signal strength,
latency,
jitter,
connectivity, or
power consumption. 11. A method comprising
receiving performance information related to a broadband connection of a first customer premises equipment (CPE); receiving local network information associated with the first CPE, the local network information comprises information of one or more local networks visible to the first CPE; generating location information associated with the first CPE based on at least the local network information; and generating a record comprising the performance information and the location information associated with the first CPE. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein the performance information related to the broadband connection of the first CPE comprises at least one or more of:
throughput,
data rate,
error statistics,
signal strength,
latency,
jitter,
connectivity, or
power consumption. 13. The method of claim 11 wherein the local network information comprises a service set identification (SSID) of a local network connected to the first CPE and one or more SSIDs of one or more local networks visible to the first CPE. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein generating location information associated with the first CPE comprises:
querying a database with the local network information associated with the first CPE to obtain location information associated with the first CPE. 15. The method of claim 14 wherein the database is a public database storing a table of SSIDs and locations mapped to those SSIDs. 16. The method of claim 14 wherein querying the database comprises one or more from:
querying the database with a SSID of the local network connected to the first CPE; and
querying the database with SSIDs of the one or more neighbor local networks visible to the first CPE. 17. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium or media having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
receiving local network information association with a first customer premises equipment (CPE), the local network information comprises a service set identification (SSID) of a local network connected to the first CPE and one or more SSIDs of one or more local networks visible to the first CPE; querying a database with the local network information associated with the first CPE to obtain location information associated with the first CPE, the database comprises a table of SSIDs and locations mapped to those SSIDs; and generating a record comprising at least the location information associated with the first CPE. 18. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium or media of claim 17, wherein the one or more local networks comprise at least one or more of:
WiFi, Multimedia over Coax Alliance (MoCA), Power Line Communication (PLC), HomePlug, Ethernet, or Femtocell. 19. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium or media of claim 17, wherein the process further comprises:
receiving performance information related to a broadband connection of the first CPE, the performance information is included in the record for the first CPE. 20. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium or media of claim 19, wherein the performance information is at least one or more of:
throughput, data rate, error statistics, signal strength, latency, jitter, connectivity, or power consumption. 21. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium or media of claim 17, wherein the process further comprises:
identifying one or more nearby CPEs based on at least the location information associated with the first CPE; and determining an expected performance for the first CPE using performance information of the one or more identified nearby CPEs. 22. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium or media of claim 17, wherein the first CPE comprises one or more of:
a Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) modem, a WiFi router, an Ethernet connected wireless bridge, an Ethernet connected network bridge, an Ethernet connected network switch, a wireless access point, an in-home power line device, a Home Phoneline Network Alliance (HPNA) based device, an in-home coax distribution device, a G.hn compatible device, a cellular telephony compatible device, a third generation (3G) compatible device, a fourth generation (4G) compatible device, a Long Term Evolution (LTE) compatible device, a WiFi device, an in-home appliance communicatively interfaced with a LAN, a computing device connected to the LAN, a HomePlug device, an IEEE P1901 standards compatible access Broadband over Power Line (BPL) device, and an Ethernet connected computer peripheral device. | 2,400 |
9,537 | 9,537 | 16,072,821 | 2,415 | The invention relates to a multi-carrier base station and a method performed at the multi-carrier base station configured to enable wireless access to wireless communication terminals. In an aspect, a device is provided configured to provide wireless communication access to wireless communication terminals. The device comprises a Base Transceiver Station (BTS), configured to be connectable to a core network, a tethering access point, and at least one antenna. The BTS is configured to provide at least a first carrier via the at least one antenna for Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) wireless access, and further to provide the tethering access point via a wired connection with at least a second carrier exclusively used by the tethering access point for 3GPP access. Moreover, the tethering access point is configured to provide non-3GPP wireless access via the at least one antenna. | 1. A method performed at a multi-carrier base station configured to enable wireless access to wireless communication terminals, comprising:
providing a first set of the wireless communication terminals with at least a first carrier for Third Generation Partnership Project, 3GPP, wireless access; and providing a tethering access point via a wired connection with at least a second carrier exclusively used by the tethering access point for 3GPP access, the tethering access point being configured to act as a non-3GPP wireless access point for a second set of the wireless communication terminals. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
providing the tethering access point with said at least one first carrier for 3GPP access, wherein at least part of capacity of the at least one first carrier is shared between the tethering access point and the first set of the wireless communication terminals. 3. The method of claim 1, the provision of the at least one first carrier and the at least one second carrier further comprising:
providing the at least one first carrier and the at least one second carrier via a radio frequency front end of the multi-carrier base station. 4. The method of claim 1, the provision of the at least one first carrier and the at least one second carrier further comprising:
providing the at least one first carrier to the first set of the wireless communication terminals via a radio frequency front end of the multi-carrier base station; and providing the at least one second carrier to the tethering access point at baseband frequency. 5. A device configured to provide wireless communication access to wireless communication terminals, the device comprising:
a base transceiver station, BTS, configured to be connectable to a core network; a tethering access point; at least one antenna; the BTS being configured to provide at least a first carrier via the at least one antenna for Third Generation Partnership Project, 3GPP, wireless access; the BTS further being configured to provide the tethering access point via a wired connection with at least a second carrier exclusively used by the tethering access point for 3GPP access; and the tethering access point being configured to provide non-3GPP wireless access via the at least one antenna. 6. The device of claim 5, the BTS comprising:
a modem configured to be connectable to the core network; a processing unit configured to process baseband signals received from, and transmitted to, the modem; and a radio frequency front end, RF-FE, module configured to convert said at least a first and a second carrier at baseband received from the processing unit to radio frequency and further to convert said at least a first and a second carrier at radio frequency into baseband to be sent to the processing unit. 7. The device of claim 5, the BTS comprising:
a modem configured to be connectable to the core network; a processing unit configured to process baseband signals received from, and transmitted to, the modem, and further to provide the tethering access point with said at least a second carrier at baseband; and a radio frequency front end, RF-FE, module configured to convert said at least a first carrier at baseband received from the processing unit to radio frequency and further to convert said at least a first carrier at radio frequency into baseband to be sent to the processing unit. 8. The device of claim 7, the tethering access point further being configured to:
convert said at least a second carrier at baseband received from the processing unit to radio frequency and further to convert said at least a second carrier at radio frequency into baseband to be sent to the processing unit. 9. The device of claim 5, the tethering access point comprising:
a 3GPP access module configured to receive said at least a second carrier; a non-3GPP access module configured to provide non-3GPP wireless access to the second set of wireless communication terminals via the at least one antenna; and a tethering module to provide connectivity between the 3GPP access module and the a non-3GPP access module for tethering the second set of wireless communication terminals to the tethering access point. 10. The device of claim 9, wherein at least the 3GPP access module of the tethering access point is implemented within the processing unit. 11. The device of claim 5, the tethering access point further being configured to:
receive said at least one first carrier for 3GPP access, wherein at least part of capacity of the at least one first carrier is shared between the tethering access point and the first set of the wireless communication terminals. 12. The device of claim 5, further comprising:
a power amplifier arranged in a transmit path configured to amplify signals to the first set of wireless communication terminals; and a low noise amplifier arranged in a receive path configured to amplify signals from the first set of wireless communication terminals. 13. (canceled) 14. (canceled) 15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising a computer program product including instructions to cause at least one processor to:
provide a first set of wireless communication terminals with at least a first carrier for Third Generation Partnership Project, 3GPP, wireless access; and provide a tethering access point via a wired connection with at least a second carrier exclusively used by the tethering access point for 3GPP access, the tethering access point being configured to act as a non-3GPP wireless access point for a second set of wireless communication terminals. | The invention relates to a multi-carrier base station and a method performed at the multi-carrier base station configured to enable wireless access to wireless communication terminals. In an aspect, a device is provided configured to provide wireless communication access to wireless communication terminals. The device comprises a Base Transceiver Station (BTS), configured to be connectable to a core network, a tethering access point, and at least one antenna. The BTS is configured to provide at least a first carrier via the at least one antenna for Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) wireless access, and further to provide the tethering access point via a wired connection with at least a second carrier exclusively used by the tethering access point for 3GPP access. Moreover, the tethering access point is configured to provide non-3GPP wireless access via the at least one antenna.1. A method performed at a multi-carrier base station configured to enable wireless access to wireless communication terminals, comprising:
providing a first set of the wireless communication terminals with at least a first carrier for Third Generation Partnership Project, 3GPP, wireless access; and providing a tethering access point via a wired connection with at least a second carrier exclusively used by the tethering access point for 3GPP access, the tethering access point being configured to act as a non-3GPP wireless access point for a second set of the wireless communication terminals. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
providing the tethering access point with said at least one first carrier for 3GPP access, wherein at least part of capacity of the at least one first carrier is shared between the tethering access point and the first set of the wireless communication terminals. 3. The method of claim 1, the provision of the at least one first carrier and the at least one second carrier further comprising:
providing the at least one first carrier and the at least one second carrier via a radio frequency front end of the multi-carrier base station. 4. The method of claim 1, the provision of the at least one first carrier and the at least one second carrier further comprising:
providing the at least one first carrier to the first set of the wireless communication terminals via a radio frequency front end of the multi-carrier base station; and providing the at least one second carrier to the tethering access point at baseband frequency. 5. A device configured to provide wireless communication access to wireless communication terminals, the device comprising:
a base transceiver station, BTS, configured to be connectable to a core network; a tethering access point; at least one antenna; the BTS being configured to provide at least a first carrier via the at least one antenna for Third Generation Partnership Project, 3GPP, wireless access; the BTS further being configured to provide the tethering access point via a wired connection with at least a second carrier exclusively used by the tethering access point for 3GPP access; and the tethering access point being configured to provide non-3GPP wireless access via the at least one antenna. 6. The device of claim 5, the BTS comprising:
a modem configured to be connectable to the core network; a processing unit configured to process baseband signals received from, and transmitted to, the modem; and a radio frequency front end, RF-FE, module configured to convert said at least a first and a second carrier at baseband received from the processing unit to radio frequency and further to convert said at least a first and a second carrier at radio frequency into baseband to be sent to the processing unit. 7. The device of claim 5, the BTS comprising:
a modem configured to be connectable to the core network; a processing unit configured to process baseband signals received from, and transmitted to, the modem, and further to provide the tethering access point with said at least a second carrier at baseband; and a radio frequency front end, RF-FE, module configured to convert said at least a first carrier at baseband received from the processing unit to radio frequency and further to convert said at least a first carrier at radio frequency into baseband to be sent to the processing unit. 8. The device of claim 7, the tethering access point further being configured to:
convert said at least a second carrier at baseband received from the processing unit to radio frequency and further to convert said at least a second carrier at radio frequency into baseband to be sent to the processing unit. 9. The device of claim 5, the tethering access point comprising:
a 3GPP access module configured to receive said at least a second carrier; a non-3GPP access module configured to provide non-3GPP wireless access to the second set of wireless communication terminals via the at least one antenna; and a tethering module to provide connectivity between the 3GPP access module and the a non-3GPP access module for tethering the second set of wireless communication terminals to the tethering access point. 10. The device of claim 9, wherein at least the 3GPP access module of the tethering access point is implemented within the processing unit. 11. The device of claim 5, the tethering access point further being configured to:
receive said at least one first carrier for 3GPP access, wherein at least part of capacity of the at least one first carrier is shared between the tethering access point and the first set of the wireless communication terminals. 12. The device of claim 5, further comprising:
a power amplifier arranged in a transmit path configured to amplify signals to the first set of wireless communication terminals; and a low noise amplifier arranged in a receive path configured to amplify signals from the first set of wireless communication terminals. 13. (canceled) 14. (canceled) 15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising a computer program product including instructions to cause at least one processor to:
provide a first set of wireless communication terminals with at least a first carrier for Third Generation Partnership Project, 3GPP, wireless access; and provide a tethering access point via a wired connection with at least a second carrier exclusively used by the tethering access point for 3GPP access, the tethering access point being configured to act as a non-3GPP wireless access point for a second set of wireless communication terminals. | 2,400 |
9,538 | 9,538 | 16,072,912 | 2,419 | An electronic device and a method for authenticating a user of the electronic device includes a touch screen configured to display a user interface having at least one user input for executing a function, a processor, and a fingerprint reader coupled to the processor and to the user input for receiving a user fingerprint associated with activation of the user input. Tue processor is configured to compare the user fingerprint received by the fingerprint reader with an authorized fingerprint of the electronic device, and execute the function when the user fingerprint matches the authorized fingerprint. | 1. An electronic device comprising:
a touch screen configured to display a user interface in an unlocked state having displayed thereon at least one touch-sensitive user input for executing a function associated with a corresponding application; a processor having a memory for storing authorized fingerprint data corresponding to an authorized fingerprint; and a fingerprint reader coupled to the processor and to the at least one touch-sensitive user input for obtaining user fingerprint data corresponding to a user fingerprint associated with activation of the at least one touch-sensitive user input, wherein the processor is configured to compare the user fingerprint data obtained by the fingerprint reader with the authorized fingerprint data, and upon the user fingerprint data corresponding to the authorized fingerprint data, execute the function associated with the corresponding application. 2. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the touch screen includes a perimeter that bounds an area in which the at least one touch-sensitive user input is located. 3. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the fingerprint reader is disposed under or over the touch screen. 4. The electronic device according to claim 2, further comprising a plurality of fingerprint readers that are disposed at separated locations within the perimeter. 5. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein an area of the fingerprint reader is equal to an area of the touch screen. 6. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein an area of the fingerprint reader is equal to an area of the at least one touch-sensitive user input. 7. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the fingerprint reader is disposed along a plane where the at least one touch-sensitive user input is located when the user interface is displayed on the touch screen. 8. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the electronic device includes a housing, the fingerprint reader being located outside of the touch screen as defined by a perimeter of the touch screen. 9. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one touch-sensitive user input comprises a touch button or a trackpad button. 10. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one touch-sensitive user input comprises a key on an alphanumeric keyboard. 11. The electronic device according to claim 10, wherein the alphanumeric keyboard is displayed on the touch screen or on a computer keyboard. 12. The electronic device according to claim 1 wherein the electronic device comprises a smart phone. 13. A method for authenticating a user of an electronic device having a touch screen, comprising:
displaying a user interface in an unlocked state having at least one touch-sensitive user input for executing a function associated with a corresponding application; obtaining user fingerprint data corresponding to a user fingerprint associated with activation of the at least one touch-sensitive user input; comparing the user fingerprint data against authorized fingerprint data corresponding to an authorized fingerprint associated with the electronic device; and executing the function associated with the corresponding application when the user fingerprint data corresponds to the authorized fingerprint data. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein obtaining data corresponding to the user fingerprint includes obtaining the data corresponding to the user fingerprint within an area of the at least one touch-sensitive user input. 15. The method according to claim 13, wherein obtaining data corresponding to the user fingerprint includes obtaining the data corresponding to the user fingerprint within an area of the touch screen. 16. The method according to claim 13, wherein obtaining data corresponding to the user fingerprint includes using a fingerprint reader disposed above or below at least an area of the touch screen where the at least one touch-sensitive user input is located when the user interface is displayed. 17. The method according to claim 13, wherein obtaining data corresponding to the user fingerprint includes using a fingerprint reader that is located outside of an area of the touch screen. 18. The method according to claim 13, further comprising inhibiting execution of the function when the user fingerprint data does not correspond to the authorized fingerprint data. 19. The method of claim 13, further comprising providing a secondary authentication process when the user fingerprint data does not correspond to the authorized fingerprint data. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein providing the secondary authentication process includes:
receiving a user personal identification number; comparing the user PIN against an authorized PIN stored in the electronic device; and executing the function when the user PIN matches the authorized PIN. | An electronic device and a method for authenticating a user of the electronic device includes a touch screen configured to display a user interface having at least one user input for executing a function, a processor, and a fingerprint reader coupled to the processor and to the user input for receiving a user fingerprint associated with activation of the user input. Tue processor is configured to compare the user fingerprint received by the fingerprint reader with an authorized fingerprint of the electronic device, and execute the function when the user fingerprint matches the authorized fingerprint.1. An electronic device comprising:
a touch screen configured to display a user interface in an unlocked state having displayed thereon at least one touch-sensitive user input for executing a function associated with a corresponding application; a processor having a memory for storing authorized fingerprint data corresponding to an authorized fingerprint; and a fingerprint reader coupled to the processor and to the at least one touch-sensitive user input for obtaining user fingerprint data corresponding to a user fingerprint associated with activation of the at least one touch-sensitive user input, wherein the processor is configured to compare the user fingerprint data obtained by the fingerprint reader with the authorized fingerprint data, and upon the user fingerprint data corresponding to the authorized fingerprint data, execute the function associated with the corresponding application. 2. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the touch screen includes a perimeter that bounds an area in which the at least one touch-sensitive user input is located. 3. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the fingerprint reader is disposed under or over the touch screen. 4. The electronic device according to claim 2, further comprising a plurality of fingerprint readers that are disposed at separated locations within the perimeter. 5. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein an area of the fingerprint reader is equal to an area of the touch screen. 6. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein an area of the fingerprint reader is equal to an area of the at least one touch-sensitive user input. 7. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the fingerprint reader is disposed along a plane where the at least one touch-sensitive user input is located when the user interface is displayed on the touch screen. 8. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the electronic device includes a housing, the fingerprint reader being located outside of the touch screen as defined by a perimeter of the touch screen. 9. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one touch-sensitive user input comprises a touch button or a trackpad button. 10. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one touch-sensitive user input comprises a key on an alphanumeric keyboard. 11. The electronic device according to claim 10, wherein the alphanumeric keyboard is displayed on the touch screen or on a computer keyboard. 12. The electronic device according to claim 1 wherein the electronic device comprises a smart phone. 13. A method for authenticating a user of an electronic device having a touch screen, comprising:
displaying a user interface in an unlocked state having at least one touch-sensitive user input for executing a function associated with a corresponding application; obtaining user fingerprint data corresponding to a user fingerprint associated with activation of the at least one touch-sensitive user input; comparing the user fingerprint data against authorized fingerprint data corresponding to an authorized fingerprint associated with the electronic device; and executing the function associated with the corresponding application when the user fingerprint data corresponds to the authorized fingerprint data. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein obtaining data corresponding to the user fingerprint includes obtaining the data corresponding to the user fingerprint within an area of the at least one touch-sensitive user input. 15. The method according to claim 13, wherein obtaining data corresponding to the user fingerprint includes obtaining the data corresponding to the user fingerprint within an area of the touch screen. 16. The method according to claim 13, wherein obtaining data corresponding to the user fingerprint includes using a fingerprint reader disposed above or below at least an area of the touch screen where the at least one touch-sensitive user input is located when the user interface is displayed. 17. The method according to claim 13, wherein obtaining data corresponding to the user fingerprint includes using a fingerprint reader that is located outside of an area of the touch screen. 18. The method according to claim 13, further comprising inhibiting execution of the function when the user fingerprint data does not correspond to the authorized fingerprint data. 19. The method of claim 13, further comprising providing a secondary authentication process when the user fingerprint data does not correspond to the authorized fingerprint data. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein providing the secondary authentication process includes:
receiving a user personal identification number; comparing the user PIN against an authorized PIN stored in the electronic device; and executing the function when the user PIN matches the authorized PIN. | 2,400 |
9,539 | 9,539 | 15,580,988 | 2,416 | Provided are a frame configuring unit configured to configure a frame using a plurality of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, by allocating time resources and frequency resources to a plurality of transmission data, and a transmitter which transmits the frame. The frame includes a first period in which a preamble which includes information on a frame configuration of the frame is transmitted, a second period in which a plurality of transmission data are transmitted by time division, a third period in which a plurality of transmission data are transmitted by frequency division, and a fourth period in which a plurality of transmission data are transmitted by time division and frequency division. | 1. A transmitting method, comprising:
configuring a frame using a plurality of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, by allocating time resources and frequency resources to a plurality of transmission data; and transmitting the frame, wherein the frame includes a first period in which a preamble which includes information on a frame configuration of the frame is transmitted, a second period in which a plurality of transmission data are transmitted by time division, a third period in which a plurality of transmission data are transmitted by frequency division, and a fourth period in which a plurality of transmission data are transmitted by time division and frequency division. 2. The transmitting method according to claim 1, wherein
in the fourth period, the frame includes a time at which first transmission data and second transmission data are transmitted by frequency division, and a frequency at which the first transmission data and third transmission data are transmitted by time division. 3. A receiving method, comprising:
receiving a frame generated using a plurality of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, by allocating time resources and frequency resources to a plurality of transmission data, the frame including a first period in which a preamble is transmitted, a second period in which a plurality of transmission data are transmitted by time division, a third period in which a plurality of transmission data are transmitted by frequency division, and a fourth period in which a plurality of transmission data are transmitted by time division and frequency division; obtaining information on a frame configuration of the frame from the preamble; and demodulating, based on the information on the frame configuration, at least one of the plurality of transmission data transmitted in the second period, the plurality of transmission data transmitted in the third period, and the plurality of transmission data transmitted in the fourth period. 4. The receiving method according to claim 3, wherein
in the fourth period, the received frame includes a time at which first transmission data and second transmission data are transmitted by frequency division, and a frequency at which the first transmission data and third transmission data are transmitted by time division. 5. A transmitting apparatus, comprising:
a frame configuring unit configured to configure a frame using a plurality of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, by allocating time resources and frequency resources to a plurality of transmission data; and a transmitter which transmits the frame, wherein the frame includes a first period in which a preamble which includes information on a frame configuration of the frame is transmitted, a second period in which a plurality of transmission data are transmitted by time division, a third period in which a plurality of transmission data are transmitted by frequency division, and a fourth period in which a plurality of transmission data are transmitted by time division and frequency division. 6. The transmitting apparatus, wherein:
in the fourth period, the frame includes a time at which first transmission data and second transmission data are transmitted by frequency division, and a frequency at which the first transmission data and third transmission data are transmitted by time division. 7. A receiving apparatus, comprising:
a receiver which receives a frame generated using a plurality of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, by allocating time resources and frequency resources to a plurality of transmission data, the frame including a first period in which a preamble is transmitted, a second period in which a plurality of transmission data are transmitted by time division, a third period in which a plurality of transmission data are transmitted by frequency division, and a fourth period in which a plurality of transmission data are transmitted by time division and frequency division; a preamble processor which obtains information on a frame configuration of the frame from the preamble; and a demodulator which demodulates, based on the information on the frame configuration, at least one of the plurality of transmission data transmitted in the second period, the plurality of transmission data transmitted in the third period, and the plurality of transmission data transmitted in the fourth period. 8. The receiving apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
in the fourth period, the received frame includes a time at which first transmission data and second transmission data are transmitted by frequency division, and a frequency at which the first transmission data and third transmission data are transmitted by time division. | Provided are a frame configuring unit configured to configure a frame using a plurality of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, by allocating time resources and frequency resources to a plurality of transmission data, and a transmitter which transmits the frame. The frame includes a first period in which a preamble which includes information on a frame configuration of the frame is transmitted, a second period in which a plurality of transmission data are transmitted by time division, a third period in which a plurality of transmission data are transmitted by frequency division, and a fourth period in which a plurality of transmission data are transmitted by time division and frequency division.1. A transmitting method, comprising:
configuring a frame using a plurality of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, by allocating time resources and frequency resources to a plurality of transmission data; and transmitting the frame, wherein the frame includes a first period in which a preamble which includes information on a frame configuration of the frame is transmitted, a second period in which a plurality of transmission data are transmitted by time division, a third period in which a plurality of transmission data are transmitted by frequency division, and a fourth period in which a plurality of transmission data are transmitted by time division and frequency division. 2. The transmitting method according to claim 1, wherein
in the fourth period, the frame includes a time at which first transmission data and second transmission data are transmitted by frequency division, and a frequency at which the first transmission data and third transmission data are transmitted by time division. 3. A receiving method, comprising:
receiving a frame generated using a plurality of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, by allocating time resources and frequency resources to a plurality of transmission data, the frame including a first period in which a preamble is transmitted, a second period in which a plurality of transmission data are transmitted by time division, a third period in which a plurality of transmission data are transmitted by frequency division, and a fourth period in which a plurality of transmission data are transmitted by time division and frequency division; obtaining information on a frame configuration of the frame from the preamble; and demodulating, based on the information on the frame configuration, at least one of the plurality of transmission data transmitted in the second period, the plurality of transmission data transmitted in the third period, and the plurality of transmission data transmitted in the fourth period. 4. The receiving method according to claim 3, wherein
in the fourth period, the received frame includes a time at which first transmission data and second transmission data are transmitted by frequency division, and a frequency at which the first transmission data and third transmission data are transmitted by time division. 5. A transmitting apparatus, comprising:
a frame configuring unit configured to configure a frame using a plurality of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, by allocating time resources and frequency resources to a plurality of transmission data; and a transmitter which transmits the frame, wherein the frame includes a first period in which a preamble which includes information on a frame configuration of the frame is transmitted, a second period in which a plurality of transmission data are transmitted by time division, a third period in which a plurality of transmission data are transmitted by frequency division, and a fourth period in which a plurality of transmission data are transmitted by time division and frequency division. 6. The transmitting apparatus, wherein:
in the fourth period, the frame includes a time at which first transmission data and second transmission data are transmitted by frequency division, and a frequency at which the first transmission data and third transmission data are transmitted by time division. 7. A receiving apparatus, comprising:
a receiver which receives a frame generated using a plurality of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, by allocating time resources and frequency resources to a plurality of transmission data, the frame including a first period in which a preamble is transmitted, a second period in which a plurality of transmission data are transmitted by time division, a third period in which a plurality of transmission data are transmitted by frequency division, and a fourth period in which a plurality of transmission data are transmitted by time division and frequency division; a preamble processor which obtains information on a frame configuration of the frame from the preamble; and a demodulator which demodulates, based on the information on the frame configuration, at least one of the plurality of transmission data transmitted in the second period, the plurality of transmission data transmitted in the third period, and the plurality of transmission data transmitted in the fourth period. 8. The receiving apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
in the fourth period, the received frame includes a time at which first transmission data and second transmission data are transmitted by frequency division, and a frequency at which the first transmission data and third transmission data are transmitted by time division. | 2,400 |
9,540 | 9,540 | 16,139,691 | 2,471 | A millimeter-wave wireless multiple antenna system ( 80 ) and method ( 100 ) are provided in which a UE ( 120 ) uses a multi-antenna subsystem ( 81 ) to identify a plurality of m strongest transmit beams ( 122 ) from the base station ( 110 ) based on power measurements of a plurality of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) transmitted on a corresponding plurality of transmit beams by the base station ( 110 ), and to generate a composite uplink random access channel (RACH) preamble ( 123 ) that is sent ( 124 ) to the base station ( 110 ) to identify the plurality of m strongest transmit beams and relative weights for each of the plurality of m strongest transmit beams which are used by the base station ( 112 ) to generate an optimal downlink transmit beam for use in sending a RACH response to the UE ( 120 ). | 1. A method performed at a user equipment device with a base station in a multiple antenna system, comprising:
identifying a plurality of m strongest transmit beams from the base station; generating a composite uplink random access channel (RACH) preamble to identify the plurality of m strongest transmit beams; and sending the composite uplink RACH preamble to the base station. 2. The method of claim 1, where the multiple antenna system comprises a millimeter-wave wireless system. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising exchanging one or more subsequent downlink messages between the user equipment device and base station on the optimal downlink transmit beam to establish a connection. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising measuring power levels for each of a plurality of transmit beams transmitted by the base station when identifying the plurality of m strongest transmit beams. 5. The method of claim 1, where generating the composite uplink RACH preamble comprises generating a linear weighted superposition of sequences based on IDs derived from a subset of multiple RACH IDs such that each sequence in the superposition is weighted proportionally to a relative power of the corresponding plurality of transmit beams. 6. The method of claim 1, where sending the composite uplink RACH preamble to the base station comprises transmitting the composite uplink RACH preamble to the base station on a specified RACH uplink opportunity identified in a synchronization signal block (SSB) transmitted on a transmit beam having a strongest power measurement. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving a RACH response on an optimal downlink transmit beam generated by the base station using the plurality of m strongest transmit beams and relative weights identified in the composite uplink RACH preamble. 8. The method of claim 5, where the subset of multiple RACH IDs is designed by defining sets of RACH sequence IDs so that their mapping and selection satisfies a condition that, upon reception by the base station of the single composite RACH preamble that contains a linear superposition of message sequences with IDs belonging to the subset, the base station will ascertain, upon identifying any ID within the subset, all IDs contained in the subset and determine a unique TX beam index for each ID contained in the subset. 9. A method performed at a base station with a first user equipment device in a multiple antenna system, comprising:
generating an optimal downlink transmit beam for the first user equipment device based on a plurality of m strongest transmit beams and relative weights identified in a composite RACH preamble received from the first user equipment device; and sending a downlink transmission to the first user equipment device using the optimal downlink transmit beam. 10. The method of claim 9, where the base station generates the optimal downlink transmit beam by adjusting and combining the plurality of m strongest transmit beams based on relative weights identified in the composite RACH preamble. 11. The method of claim 9, where the base station sends the downlink transmission as a RACH response which is transmitted on the plurality of m strongest transmit beams, each having a transmit power which is weighted by the relative weights identified in the composite RACH preamble to form the optimal downlink transmit beam. 12. The method of claim 9, where generating the optimal downlink transmit beam comprises extracting a linear weighted superposition of sequences from the composite RACH preamble to identify the plurality of m strongest transmit beams and relative weights. 13. The method of claim 9, where generating the optimal downlink transmit beam comprises using the plurality of m strongest transmit beams and relative weights identified in the composite uplink RACH preamble to set a transmit power level for each of the m strongest transmit beams that are balanced to be proportional to a corresponding received power measure at the first user equipment device, thereby forming a plurality of optimal downlink beams that collectively are directionally aligned with the first user equipment device. 14. The method of claim 13, where sending the downlink transmission comprises sending a downlink RACH response on each of the m strongest transmit beams. 15. The method of claim 9, where generating the optimal downlink transmit beam comprises using the plurality of m strongest transmit beams and relative weights identified in the composite uplink RACH preamble to adjust one or more of a set of beamformer weights to form a single optimal downlink beam that is directionally aligned with the first user equipment device. 16. The method of claim 15, where sending the downlink transmission comprises sending a downlink RACH response on the single optimal downlink beam. 17. A wireless communication system comprising:
a wireless access node (AN) comprising a first multiple antenna subsystem and first beamformer subsystem connected to and configured by a first digital controller to wirelessly make initial access by transmitting a plurality of synchronization signal blocks (SSB) on a corresponding plurality of transmit beams; and a wireless device (WD) comprising a second multiple antenna subsystem and second beamformer subsystem connected to and configured by a second digital controller to wirelessly make initial access by identifying a plurality of m strongest transmit beams from the AN, generating a composite random access channel (RACH) preamble to identify the plurality of m strongest transmit beams from the wireless AN, and transmitting the composite RACH preamble to the wireless AN; where the wireless AN is configured to send a RACH response on an optimal downlink transmit beam which is directionally aligned with the WD based on the plurality of m strongest transmit beams and relative weights identified in the composite RACH preamble. 18. The wireless communication system of claim 17, where the WD is configured to design the composite RACH preamble as a linear weighted superposition of sequences with IDs derived from a subset of multiple RACH IDs such that each sequence in the superposition being weighted proportionally to a relative power received for the m strongest transmit beams. 19. The wireless communication system of claim 18, where the AN is configured to generate the optimal downlink transmit beam by extracting the linear weighted superposition of sequences from the composite RACH preamble to identify the plurality of m strongest transmit beams and relative weights. 20. A method performed at a user equipment device to establish beamforming direction with a base station in a multiple antenna system, comprising:
identifying a plurality of m strongest transmit beams from the base station; generating n random access channel (RACH) preambles to identify the plurality of m strongest transmit beams received at the user equipment device, where the n≤m; and transmitting the n RACH preambles to the base station. 21. The method of claim 20, where generating n random access channel (RACH) preambles comprises generating a single composite RACH preamble to identify the plurality of m strongest transmit beams received at the user equipment device. 22. The method of claim 20, further comprising receiving one or more downlink transmissions at the user equipment device on an optimal downlink transmit beam generated by the base station using the plurality of m strongest transmit beams identified in the n RACH preambles. 23. The method of claim 20, where at least one of the n RACH preambles corresponds to more than one of the strongest beams received at the user equipment device. | A millimeter-wave wireless multiple antenna system ( 80 ) and method ( 100 ) are provided in which a UE ( 120 ) uses a multi-antenna subsystem ( 81 ) to identify a plurality of m strongest transmit beams ( 122 ) from the base station ( 110 ) based on power measurements of a plurality of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) transmitted on a corresponding plurality of transmit beams by the base station ( 110 ), and to generate a composite uplink random access channel (RACH) preamble ( 123 ) that is sent ( 124 ) to the base station ( 110 ) to identify the plurality of m strongest transmit beams and relative weights for each of the plurality of m strongest transmit beams which are used by the base station ( 112 ) to generate an optimal downlink transmit beam for use in sending a RACH response to the UE ( 120 ).1. A method performed at a user equipment device with a base station in a multiple antenna system, comprising:
identifying a plurality of m strongest transmit beams from the base station; generating a composite uplink random access channel (RACH) preamble to identify the plurality of m strongest transmit beams; and sending the composite uplink RACH preamble to the base station. 2. The method of claim 1, where the multiple antenna system comprises a millimeter-wave wireless system. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising exchanging one or more subsequent downlink messages between the user equipment device and base station on the optimal downlink transmit beam to establish a connection. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising measuring power levels for each of a plurality of transmit beams transmitted by the base station when identifying the plurality of m strongest transmit beams. 5. The method of claim 1, where generating the composite uplink RACH preamble comprises generating a linear weighted superposition of sequences based on IDs derived from a subset of multiple RACH IDs such that each sequence in the superposition is weighted proportionally to a relative power of the corresponding plurality of transmit beams. 6. The method of claim 1, where sending the composite uplink RACH preamble to the base station comprises transmitting the composite uplink RACH preamble to the base station on a specified RACH uplink opportunity identified in a synchronization signal block (SSB) transmitted on a transmit beam having a strongest power measurement. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving a RACH response on an optimal downlink transmit beam generated by the base station using the plurality of m strongest transmit beams and relative weights identified in the composite uplink RACH preamble. 8. The method of claim 5, where the subset of multiple RACH IDs is designed by defining sets of RACH sequence IDs so that their mapping and selection satisfies a condition that, upon reception by the base station of the single composite RACH preamble that contains a linear superposition of message sequences with IDs belonging to the subset, the base station will ascertain, upon identifying any ID within the subset, all IDs contained in the subset and determine a unique TX beam index for each ID contained in the subset. 9. A method performed at a base station with a first user equipment device in a multiple antenna system, comprising:
generating an optimal downlink transmit beam for the first user equipment device based on a plurality of m strongest transmit beams and relative weights identified in a composite RACH preamble received from the first user equipment device; and sending a downlink transmission to the first user equipment device using the optimal downlink transmit beam. 10. The method of claim 9, where the base station generates the optimal downlink transmit beam by adjusting and combining the plurality of m strongest transmit beams based on relative weights identified in the composite RACH preamble. 11. The method of claim 9, where the base station sends the downlink transmission as a RACH response which is transmitted on the plurality of m strongest transmit beams, each having a transmit power which is weighted by the relative weights identified in the composite RACH preamble to form the optimal downlink transmit beam. 12. The method of claim 9, where generating the optimal downlink transmit beam comprises extracting a linear weighted superposition of sequences from the composite RACH preamble to identify the plurality of m strongest transmit beams and relative weights. 13. The method of claim 9, where generating the optimal downlink transmit beam comprises using the plurality of m strongest transmit beams and relative weights identified in the composite uplink RACH preamble to set a transmit power level for each of the m strongest transmit beams that are balanced to be proportional to a corresponding received power measure at the first user equipment device, thereby forming a plurality of optimal downlink beams that collectively are directionally aligned with the first user equipment device. 14. The method of claim 13, where sending the downlink transmission comprises sending a downlink RACH response on each of the m strongest transmit beams. 15. The method of claim 9, where generating the optimal downlink transmit beam comprises using the plurality of m strongest transmit beams and relative weights identified in the composite uplink RACH preamble to adjust one or more of a set of beamformer weights to form a single optimal downlink beam that is directionally aligned with the first user equipment device. 16. The method of claim 15, where sending the downlink transmission comprises sending a downlink RACH response on the single optimal downlink beam. 17. A wireless communication system comprising:
a wireless access node (AN) comprising a first multiple antenna subsystem and first beamformer subsystem connected to and configured by a first digital controller to wirelessly make initial access by transmitting a plurality of synchronization signal blocks (SSB) on a corresponding plurality of transmit beams; and a wireless device (WD) comprising a second multiple antenna subsystem and second beamformer subsystem connected to and configured by a second digital controller to wirelessly make initial access by identifying a plurality of m strongest transmit beams from the AN, generating a composite random access channel (RACH) preamble to identify the plurality of m strongest transmit beams from the wireless AN, and transmitting the composite RACH preamble to the wireless AN; where the wireless AN is configured to send a RACH response on an optimal downlink transmit beam which is directionally aligned with the WD based on the plurality of m strongest transmit beams and relative weights identified in the composite RACH preamble. 18. The wireless communication system of claim 17, where the WD is configured to design the composite RACH preamble as a linear weighted superposition of sequences with IDs derived from a subset of multiple RACH IDs such that each sequence in the superposition being weighted proportionally to a relative power received for the m strongest transmit beams. 19. The wireless communication system of claim 18, where the AN is configured to generate the optimal downlink transmit beam by extracting the linear weighted superposition of sequences from the composite RACH preamble to identify the plurality of m strongest transmit beams and relative weights. 20. A method performed at a user equipment device to establish beamforming direction with a base station in a multiple antenna system, comprising:
identifying a plurality of m strongest transmit beams from the base station; generating n random access channel (RACH) preambles to identify the plurality of m strongest transmit beams received at the user equipment device, where the n≤m; and transmitting the n RACH preambles to the base station. 21. The method of claim 20, where generating n random access channel (RACH) preambles comprises generating a single composite RACH preamble to identify the plurality of m strongest transmit beams received at the user equipment device. 22. The method of claim 20, further comprising receiving one or more downlink transmissions at the user equipment device on an optimal downlink transmit beam generated by the base station using the plurality of m strongest transmit beams identified in the n RACH preambles. 23. The method of claim 20, where at least one of the n RACH preambles corresponds to more than one of the strongest beams received at the user equipment device. | 2,400 |
9,541 | 9,541 | 14,788,386 | 2,486 | Some embodiments include methods and/or systems for using multiple cameras to provide optical zoom to a user. Some embodiments include a first camera unit of a multifunction device capturing a first image of a first visual field. A second camera unit of the multifunction device simultaneously captures a second image of a second visual field. In some embodiments, the first camera unit includes a first optical package with a first focal length. In some embodiments, the second camera unit includes a second optical package with a second focal length. In some embodiments, the first focal length is different from the second focal length, and the first visual field is a subset of the second visual field. In some embodiments, the first image and the second image are preserved to a storage medium as separate data structures. | 1. A method, comprising:
a first camera unit of a multifunction device capturing a first image of a first visual field; a second camera unit of the multifunction device simultaneously capturing a second image of a second visual field, wherein
the first camera unit comprises a first optical package with a first focal length,
the second camera unit comprises a second optical package with a second focal length,
the first focal length is different from the second focal length, and
the first visual field is a subset of the second visual field; and
preserving to a storage medium the first image and the second image as separate data structures. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
assigning metadata to the first image and the second image a time indexing feature for establishing that the first image and the second image correspond as having been simultaneously captured. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
displaying the first image in a screen interface with a control for switching to display of the second image; and responsive to an actuation of the control, displaying the second image in place of the first image. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first image is a still image taken at time t(0), and the second image is a moving image data structure captured over a time interval including t(0). 5. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first image is a moving image data structure captured at a first frame rate, the second image is a moving image data structure captured at a second frame rate, and the second frame rate is faster than the first frame rate. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
displaying the first image and the second image in a shared screen interface. 7. A camera system of a multifunction device, comprising:
a first camera unit of a multifunction device for capturing a first image of a first visual field; and a second camera unit of the multifunction device for simultaneously capturing a second image of a second visual field, wherein
the first camera unit comprises a first optical package configured for a first focal length,
the second camera unit comprises a second optical package configured for a second focal length, and
the first focal length is different from the second focal length. 8. The camera system of claim 7, further comprising:
a processing unit configured to assign to the first image and the second image a time indexing feature for establishing that the first image and the second image were simultaneously captured. 9. The camera system of claim 7, wherein
the first camera unit comprises a lens having a folded lens configuration with a longer focal length than a lens of the second camera unit, and the second visual field is centered on a second visual axis aligned with a first visual axis on which the first visual field is centered. 10. The camera system of claim 7, wherein
the first camera unit comprises a lens having a longer focal length than a lens of the second camera unit, and the second visual field is centered on a second visual axis aligned with a first visual axis on which the first visual field is centered. 11. The camera sensor of claim 7, wherein
the first camera unit comprises a first moveable lens and a first image sensor attached a chassis of the camera unit; and the second camera unit comprises a lens and a second image sensor moveably attached a chassis of the second camera unit. 12. The camera sensor of claim 7, wherein
the first camera unit comprises a first moveable lens and a first image sensor attached a chassis of the camera unit; and the second camera unit comprises a lens and a second image sensor moveably attached a chassis of the second camera unit, wherein
the first camera unit and the second camera unit include a first image processing pipeline and a second image processing pipeline, respectively. 13. The camera sensor of claim 7, wherein
the first camera unit comprises a first fixed lens and a first image sensor moveably attached a chassis of the camera unit; and the second camera unit comprises a second fixed lens and a second image sensor moveably attached a chassis of the camera unit. 14. The camera sensor of claim 7, wherein
the second camera unit comprises a second fixed lens aligned to share use of the first image sensor moveably attached the chassis of the camera unit. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, storing program instructions, wherein the program instructions are computer-executable to implement:
capturing a first image of a first visual field, wherein
the instructions computer-executable to implement the capturing the first image of the first visual field further comprise instructions computer-executable to implement a first camera unit of a multifunction device capturing the first image of the first visual field through a first optical package with a first focal length; and
simultaneously capturing a second image of a second visual field, wherein
the instructions computer-executable to implement the capturing the second image of the second visual field further comprise instructions computer-executable to implement a second camera unit of a multifunction device capturing the second image of the second visual field through a second optical package with a second focal length,
the first focal length is different from the second focal length, and
the first visual field is a subset of the second visual field. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the program instructions are further computer-executable to implement:
assigning metadata to the first image and the second image a time indexing feature for establishing that the first image and the second image correspond as having been simultaneously captured. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the program instructions are further computer-executable to implement:
displaying the first image in a screen interface with a control for switching to display of the second image; and responsive to an actuation of the control, displaying the screen image in place of the first image. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein
the first image is a moving image data structure captured at a first frame rate, the second image is a moving image data structure captured at a second frame rate, and the second frame rate is faster than the first frame rate. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein:
the first image is a still image taken at time t(0), the second image is a moving image data structure captured over a time interval including t(0). 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the program instructions are further computer-executable to implement:
displaying the first image and the second image in a shared screen interface. | Some embodiments include methods and/or systems for using multiple cameras to provide optical zoom to a user. Some embodiments include a first camera unit of a multifunction device capturing a first image of a first visual field. A second camera unit of the multifunction device simultaneously captures a second image of a second visual field. In some embodiments, the first camera unit includes a first optical package with a first focal length. In some embodiments, the second camera unit includes a second optical package with a second focal length. In some embodiments, the first focal length is different from the second focal length, and the first visual field is a subset of the second visual field. In some embodiments, the first image and the second image are preserved to a storage medium as separate data structures.1. A method, comprising:
a first camera unit of a multifunction device capturing a first image of a first visual field; a second camera unit of the multifunction device simultaneously capturing a second image of a second visual field, wherein
the first camera unit comprises a first optical package with a first focal length,
the second camera unit comprises a second optical package with a second focal length,
the first focal length is different from the second focal length, and
the first visual field is a subset of the second visual field; and
preserving to a storage medium the first image and the second image as separate data structures. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
assigning metadata to the first image and the second image a time indexing feature for establishing that the first image and the second image correspond as having been simultaneously captured. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
displaying the first image in a screen interface with a control for switching to display of the second image; and responsive to an actuation of the control, displaying the second image in place of the first image. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first image is a still image taken at time t(0), and the second image is a moving image data structure captured over a time interval including t(0). 5. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first image is a moving image data structure captured at a first frame rate, the second image is a moving image data structure captured at a second frame rate, and the second frame rate is faster than the first frame rate. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
displaying the first image and the second image in a shared screen interface. 7. A camera system of a multifunction device, comprising:
a first camera unit of a multifunction device for capturing a first image of a first visual field; and a second camera unit of the multifunction device for simultaneously capturing a second image of a second visual field, wherein
the first camera unit comprises a first optical package configured for a first focal length,
the second camera unit comprises a second optical package configured for a second focal length, and
the first focal length is different from the second focal length. 8. The camera system of claim 7, further comprising:
a processing unit configured to assign to the first image and the second image a time indexing feature for establishing that the first image and the second image were simultaneously captured. 9. The camera system of claim 7, wherein
the first camera unit comprises a lens having a folded lens configuration with a longer focal length than a lens of the second camera unit, and the second visual field is centered on a second visual axis aligned with a first visual axis on which the first visual field is centered. 10. The camera system of claim 7, wherein
the first camera unit comprises a lens having a longer focal length than a lens of the second camera unit, and the second visual field is centered on a second visual axis aligned with a first visual axis on which the first visual field is centered. 11. The camera sensor of claim 7, wherein
the first camera unit comprises a first moveable lens and a first image sensor attached a chassis of the camera unit; and the second camera unit comprises a lens and a second image sensor moveably attached a chassis of the second camera unit. 12. The camera sensor of claim 7, wherein
the first camera unit comprises a first moveable lens and a first image sensor attached a chassis of the camera unit; and the second camera unit comprises a lens and a second image sensor moveably attached a chassis of the second camera unit, wherein
the first camera unit and the second camera unit include a first image processing pipeline and a second image processing pipeline, respectively. 13. The camera sensor of claim 7, wherein
the first camera unit comprises a first fixed lens and a first image sensor moveably attached a chassis of the camera unit; and the second camera unit comprises a second fixed lens and a second image sensor moveably attached a chassis of the camera unit. 14. The camera sensor of claim 7, wherein
the second camera unit comprises a second fixed lens aligned to share use of the first image sensor moveably attached the chassis of the camera unit. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, storing program instructions, wherein the program instructions are computer-executable to implement:
capturing a first image of a first visual field, wherein
the instructions computer-executable to implement the capturing the first image of the first visual field further comprise instructions computer-executable to implement a first camera unit of a multifunction device capturing the first image of the first visual field through a first optical package with a first focal length; and
simultaneously capturing a second image of a second visual field, wherein
the instructions computer-executable to implement the capturing the second image of the second visual field further comprise instructions computer-executable to implement a second camera unit of a multifunction device capturing the second image of the second visual field through a second optical package with a second focal length,
the first focal length is different from the second focal length, and
the first visual field is a subset of the second visual field. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the program instructions are further computer-executable to implement:
assigning metadata to the first image and the second image a time indexing feature for establishing that the first image and the second image correspond as having been simultaneously captured. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the program instructions are further computer-executable to implement:
displaying the first image in a screen interface with a control for switching to display of the second image; and responsive to an actuation of the control, displaying the screen image in place of the first image. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein
the first image is a moving image data structure captured at a first frame rate, the second image is a moving image data structure captured at a second frame rate, and the second frame rate is faster than the first frame rate. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein:
the first image is a still image taken at time t(0), the second image is a moving image data structure captured over a time interval including t(0). 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the program instructions are further computer-executable to implement:
displaying the first image and the second image in a shared screen interface. | 2,400 |
9,542 | 9,542 | 14,817,547 | 2,456 | A method and device for attaching messages stored at the device as attachments to a message being composed at the device. The device comprises: a memory storing a messaging application, a communication interface, a display device, and a processor configured to execute the messaging application to: render, at the display device, the message; in response to detecting selection of an attach icon in the message, render, at the display device, message icons, each message icon associated with a respective one of the stored messages; detect selection of at least one message icon; for each selected message icon, convert a stored message associated with the selected message icon into a Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME) attachment message; encode the message and each MIME attachment message into a MIME message; and, in response to detecting selection of a send icon of the message, transmit, via the communication interface, the MIME message. | 1. A device comprising:
a memory storing a messaging application, a communication interface, and a display device, and a processor configured to execute the messaging application to:
render, at the display device, a composed message comprising an attach icon for attaching messages stored at the memory to the composed message and a send icon for sending the composed message;
in response to detecting selection of the attach icon, render, at the display device, one or more message icons, each of the one or more message icons associated with a respective one of the messages stored at the memory;
detect selection of at least one of the one or more message icons;
for each message icon that is selected:
convert a stored message associated with the message icon that is selected into a Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME) attachment message;
encode the composed message and each MIME attachment message into a MIME message; and,
in response to detecting selection of the send icon, transmit, using the communication interface, the MIME message. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein each message stored at the memory of the device is associated with a corresponding message stored at a server. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein at least one of the stored messages comprises one or more pieces of the corresponding message stored at the server. 4. The device of claim 3, wherein the processor is further configured to, for each message icon that is selected, convert the stored message associated with the message icon that is selected into the MIME attachment message based on each of the one or more pieces of the corresponding message included in the stored message. 5. The device of claim 2, wherein the stored message associated with the message icon that is selected includes at least one of a message header of the corresponding message, a message body of the corresponding message, an indication of at least one image associated with the corresponding message, one or more images of the corresponding message, an indication of at least one attachment associated with the corresponding message. 6. The device of claim 5, wherein the processor is further configured to convert the stored message associated with the message icon that is selected into the MIME attachment message based on the at least one of the message header of the corresponding message, the message body of the corresponding message, the indication of at least one image associated with the corresponding message, and the indication of at least one attachment associated with the corresponding message. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein, for one of the message icons that is selected, the stored message includes a message header of the corresponding message stored at the server and a message body of the corresponding message stored at the server; and wherein the processor is further configured to convert the stored message associated with the message icon that is selected into the MIME attachment message by converting each of the message header and the message body into MIME. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the message stored in the memory is an email message. 9. A method comprising:
at a mobile device comprising a processor, a memory, a communication interface, and a display device,
rendering, at the display device a composed message comprising an attach icon for attaching messages stored at the memory and a send icon for sending the message;
in response to detecting, at the processor, selection of the attach icon, rendering, at the display device, one or more message icons, each of the one or more message icons associated with a respective one of the stored messages;
detecting, at the processor, selection of at least one of the one or more message icons;
for each message icon that is selected:
converting, at the processor, a stored message associated with the message icon that is selected into a MIME attachment message;
encoding, at the processor, the message and each MIME attachment message into a MIME message; and,
in response to detecting, at the processor, selection of the send icon, transmitting, via the communication interface, the MIME message. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein each message stored at the memory of the device is associated with a respective corresponding message stored at a server. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein at least one of the stored messages comprises one or more pieces of the corresponding message. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein, for each message icon that is selected, converting further comprises converting the stored message associated with the message icon that is selected into the MIME attachment message based on each of the one or more pieces of the corresponding message included in the stored message. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the stored message associated with the message icon that is selected includes at least one of a message header of the corresponding message, a message body of the corresponding message, an indication of at least one image associated with the corresponding message, and an indication of at least one attachment associated with the corresponding message. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein converting further comprises converting the stored message associated with the message icon that is selected into the MIME attachment message based on the at least one of the message header of the corresponding message stored, the message body of the corresponding message stored at the server, the indication of at least one image associated with the corresponding message, and the indication of at least one attachment associated with the corresponding message that is included in the stored message. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein, for one of the message icons that is selected, the stored message includes a message header of the corresponding message and a message body of the corresponding message; and wherein converting further comprises converting each of the message header and the message body into MIME. 16. The method of claim 9, wherein the message stored in the memory is an email message. 17. A computer-readable medium storing a computer program, wherein execution of the computer program is for:
at a mobile device comprising a display device, a memory and a communication interface,
rendering, at the display device, a composed message, the composed message comprising an attach icon for attaching messages stored at the memory and a send icon for sending the message;
in response to detecting, at the processor, selection of the attach icon, rendering, at the display device, one or more message icons, each of the one or more message icons associated with a respective one of the stored messages;
detecting, at the processor, selection of at least one of the one or more message icons;
for each message icon that is selected:
converting, at the processor, a stored message associated with the message icon that is selected into a MIME attachment message;
encoding, at the processor, the message and each MIME attachment message into a MIME message; and,
in response to detecting, at the processor, selection of the send icon, transmitting, via the communication interface, the MIME message. 18. The computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein each message stored at the memory of the device is associated with a corresponding message stored at a server. 19. The computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein at least one of the stored messages comprises a one or more pieces of the corresponding message. 20. The computer-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the processor is further configured to convert the stored message associated with the message icon that is selected into the MIME attachment message based on the each of the one or more pieces of the corresponding message included in the stored message. | A method and device for attaching messages stored at the device as attachments to a message being composed at the device. The device comprises: a memory storing a messaging application, a communication interface, a display device, and a processor configured to execute the messaging application to: render, at the display device, the message; in response to detecting selection of an attach icon in the message, render, at the display device, message icons, each message icon associated with a respective one of the stored messages; detect selection of at least one message icon; for each selected message icon, convert a stored message associated with the selected message icon into a Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME) attachment message; encode the message and each MIME attachment message into a MIME message; and, in response to detecting selection of a send icon of the message, transmit, via the communication interface, the MIME message.1. A device comprising:
a memory storing a messaging application, a communication interface, and a display device, and a processor configured to execute the messaging application to:
render, at the display device, a composed message comprising an attach icon for attaching messages stored at the memory to the composed message and a send icon for sending the composed message;
in response to detecting selection of the attach icon, render, at the display device, one or more message icons, each of the one or more message icons associated with a respective one of the messages stored at the memory;
detect selection of at least one of the one or more message icons;
for each message icon that is selected:
convert a stored message associated with the message icon that is selected into a Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME) attachment message;
encode the composed message and each MIME attachment message into a MIME message; and,
in response to detecting selection of the send icon, transmit, using the communication interface, the MIME message. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein each message stored at the memory of the device is associated with a corresponding message stored at a server. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein at least one of the stored messages comprises one or more pieces of the corresponding message stored at the server. 4. The device of claim 3, wherein the processor is further configured to, for each message icon that is selected, convert the stored message associated with the message icon that is selected into the MIME attachment message based on each of the one or more pieces of the corresponding message included in the stored message. 5. The device of claim 2, wherein the stored message associated with the message icon that is selected includes at least one of a message header of the corresponding message, a message body of the corresponding message, an indication of at least one image associated with the corresponding message, one or more images of the corresponding message, an indication of at least one attachment associated with the corresponding message. 6. The device of claim 5, wherein the processor is further configured to convert the stored message associated with the message icon that is selected into the MIME attachment message based on the at least one of the message header of the corresponding message, the message body of the corresponding message, the indication of at least one image associated with the corresponding message, and the indication of at least one attachment associated with the corresponding message. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein, for one of the message icons that is selected, the stored message includes a message header of the corresponding message stored at the server and a message body of the corresponding message stored at the server; and wherein the processor is further configured to convert the stored message associated with the message icon that is selected into the MIME attachment message by converting each of the message header and the message body into MIME. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the message stored in the memory is an email message. 9. A method comprising:
at a mobile device comprising a processor, a memory, a communication interface, and a display device,
rendering, at the display device a composed message comprising an attach icon for attaching messages stored at the memory and a send icon for sending the message;
in response to detecting, at the processor, selection of the attach icon, rendering, at the display device, one or more message icons, each of the one or more message icons associated with a respective one of the stored messages;
detecting, at the processor, selection of at least one of the one or more message icons;
for each message icon that is selected:
converting, at the processor, a stored message associated with the message icon that is selected into a MIME attachment message;
encoding, at the processor, the message and each MIME attachment message into a MIME message; and,
in response to detecting, at the processor, selection of the send icon, transmitting, via the communication interface, the MIME message. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein each message stored at the memory of the device is associated with a respective corresponding message stored at a server. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein at least one of the stored messages comprises one or more pieces of the corresponding message. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein, for each message icon that is selected, converting further comprises converting the stored message associated with the message icon that is selected into the MIME attachment message based on each of the one or more pieces of the corresponding message included in the stored message. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the stored message associated with the message icon that is selected includes at least one of a message header of the corresponding message, a message body of the corresponding message, an indication of at least one image associated with the corresponding message, and an indication of at least one attachment associated with the corresponding message. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein converting further comprises converting the stored message associated with the message icon that is selected into the MIME attachment message based on the at least one of the message header of the corresponding message stored, the message body of the corresponding message stored at the server, the indication of at least one image associated with the corresponding message, and the indication of at least one attachment associated with the corresponding message that is included in the stored message. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein, for one of the message icons that is selected, the stored message includes a message header of the corresponding message and a message body of the corresponding message; and wherein converting further comprises converting each of the message header and the message body into MIME. 16. The method of claim 9, wherein the message stored in the memory is an email message. 17. A computer-readable medium storing a computer program, wherein execution of the computer program is for:
at a mobile device comprising a display device, a memory and a communication interface,
rendering, at the display device, a composed message, the composed message comprising an attach icon for attaching messages stored at the memory and a send icon for sending the message;
in response to detecting, at the processor, selection of the attach icon, rendering, at the display device, one or more message icons, each of the one or more message icons associated with a respective one of the stored messages;
detecting, at the processor, selection of at least one of the one or more message icons;
for each message icon that is selected:
converting, at the processor, a stored message associated with the message icon that is selected into a MIME attachment message;
encoding, at the processor, the message and each MIME attachment message into a MIME message; and,
in response to detecting, at the processor, selection of the send icon, transmitting, via the communication interface, the MIME message. 18. The computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein each message stored at the memory of the device is associated with a corresponding message stored at a server. 19. The computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein at least one of the stored messages comprises a one or more pieces of the corresponding message. 20. The computer-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the processor is further configured to convert the stored message associated with the message icon that is selected into the MIME attachment message based on the each of the one or more pieces of the corresponding message included in the stored message. | 2,400 |
9,543 | 9,543 | 15,364,545 | 2,458 | Systems and methods for tracking the progress and completion of delegated tasks. A delegated task is a task that has been assigned to a responsible person for completion by a delegator or manager. Traditionally, such delegated tasks are not tracked within the manager's calendar/tasking application and, accordingly, the manager may find it difficult to track the progress of delegated tasks. Moreover, it is commonplace for a delegator to assign a task via a message or other informal means of communication. Not only so, but while the delegated task is pending, the delegator and the responsible person may interact regarding the progress of the delegated task using a variety of different message types (e.g., email, text, instant messaging, voice mail, in-person communications, phone calls, etc.). The methods and systems herein provide a management tool in a centralized location for easily tracking the progress and completion of a plurality of delegated tasks. | 1. A computer system comprising:
at least one processing unit; and at least one memory storing computer executable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processing unit, cause the computer system to perform a method, the method comprising:
receiving a message from a sender;
determining that the message delegates a task;
identifying one or more parameters associated with the delegated task;
sending the message to a recipient;
monitoring a progress of the delegated task by the recipient; and
providing a status of the delegated task to the sender. 2. The computer system of claim 1, wherein monitoring the progress of the delegated task comprises receiving an indication from the recipient regarding the progress of the delegated task. 3. The computer system of claim 1, wherein monitoring the progress of the delegated task comprises monitoring one or more communications of the recipient. 4. The computer system of claim 1, wherein providing the status of the delegated task to the sender comprises a visual representation of the progress of the delegated task. 5. The computer system of claim 4, wherein the visual representation is a progress bar. 6. The computer system of claim 1, further comprising:
providing a delegated tasks interface for one or more delegated tasks. 7. The computer system of claim 6, wherein the delegated tasks interface comprises a progress bar for each of the one or more delegated tasks. 8. The computer system of claim 6, wherein the delegated tasks interface is provided in a pane of a messaging interface. 9. The computer system of claim 8, wherein the messaging interface is associated with one of: an email application, an instant messaging application, a message board, and a texting application. 10. The computer system of claim 1, wherein determining that the message delegates a task is based on an indication that the message delegates a task received from the sender. 11. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the indication that the message delegates a task is received in response to activation of a control. 12. A method for managing a delegated task performed by a computing device, the method comprising:
retrieving the delegated task; monitoring a progress of the delegated task by a recipient; determining whether at least one progress update has been received for the delegated task; and providing a notification to the sender regarding the progress of the delegated task. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein monitoring the progress of the delegated task comprises receiving an indication from the recipient regarding the progress of the delegated task. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein monitoring the progress of the delegated task comprises monitoring one or more communications of the recipient. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the notification to the sender comprises a visual representation of the progress of the delegated task. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the visual representation is a progress bar. 17. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
providing a delegated tasks interface for one or more delegated tasks. 18. The method of claim 12, wherein the delegated tasks interface comprises a progress bar for each of the one or more delegated tasks. 19. A computer-readable storage medium storing computer executable instructions that, when executed by at least one processing unit, cause a computing device to:
receive a message from a sender; determine that the message delegates a task; identify one or more parameters associated with the delegated task; send the message to a recipient; monitor a progress of the delegated task by the recipient; and provide a visual representation of the progress of the delegated task to the sender. 20. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein the visual representation is a progress bar. | Systems and methods for tracking the progress and completion of delegated tasks. A delegated task is a task that has been assigned to a responsible person for completion by a delegator or manager. Traditionally, such delegated tasks are not tracked within the manager's calendar/tasking application and, accordingly, the manager may find it difficult to track the progress of delegated tasks. Moreover, it is commonplace for a delegator to assign a task via a message or other informal means of communication. Not only so, but while the delegated task is pending, the delegator and the responsible person may interact regarding the progress of the delegated task using a variety of different message types (e.g., email, text, instant messaging, voice mail, in-person communications, phone calls, etc.). The methods and systems herein provide a management tool in a centralized location for easily tracking the progress and completion of a plurality of delegated tasks.1. A computer system comprising:
at least one processing unit; and at least one memory storing computer executable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processing unit, cause the computer system to perform a method, the method comprising:
receiving a message from a sender;
determining that the message delegates a task;
identifying one or more parameters associated with the delegated task;
sending the message to a recipient;
monitoring a progress of the delegated task by the recipient; and
providing a status of the delegated task to the sender. 2. The computer system of claim 1, wherein monitoring the progress of the delegated task comprises receiving an indication from the recipient regarding the progress of the delegated task. 3. The computer system of claim 1, wherein monitoring the progress of the delegated task comprises monitoring one or more communications of the recipient. 4. The computer system of claim 1, wherein providing the status of the delegated task to the sender comprises a visual representation of the progress of the delegated task. 5. The computer system of claim 4, wherein the visual representation is a progress bar. 6. The computer system of claim 1, further comprising:
providing a delegated tasks interface for one or more delegated tasks. 7. The computer system of claim 6, wherein the delegated tasks interface comprises a progress bar for each of the one or more delegated tasks. 8. The computer system of claim 6, wherein the delegated tasks interface is provided in a pane of a messaging interface. 9. The computer system of claim 8, wherein the messaging interface is associated with one of: an email application, an instant messaging application, a message board, and a texting application. 10. The computer system of claim 1, wherein determining that the message delegates a task is based on an indication that the message delegates a task received from the sender. 11. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the indication that the message delegates a task is received in response to activation of a control. 12. A method for managing a delegated task performed by a computing device, the method comprising:
retrieving the delegated task; monitoring a progress of the delegated task by a recipient; determining whether at least one progress update has been received for the delegated task; and providing a notification to the sender regarding the progress of the delegated task. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein monitoring the progress of the delegated task comprises receiving an indication from the recipient regarding the progress of the delegated task. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein monitoring the progress of the delegated task comprises monitoring one or more communications of the recipient. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the notification to the sender comprises a visual representation of the progress of the delegated task. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the visual representation is a progress bar. 17. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
providing a delegated tasks interface for one or more delegated tasks. 18. The method of claim 12, wherein the delegated tasks interface comprises a progress bar for each of the one or more delegated tasks. 19. A computer-readable storage medium storing computer executable instructions that, when executed by at least one processing unit, cause a computing device to:
receive a message from a sender; determine that the message delegates a task; identify one or more parameters associated with the delegated task; send the message to a recipient; monitor a progress of the delegated task by the recipient; and provide a visual representation of the progress of the delegated task to the sender. 20. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein the visual representation is a progress bar. | 2,400 |
9,544 | 9,544 | 15,303,169 | 2,487 | The invention relates to a device for aiding remote-diagnosis in the course of an endoscopy of an aircraft engine, comprising at least one endoscope used in situ by a first operator to capture images of said engine and to perform measurements, and at least one remote terminal used by at least one second operator to analyse said video images and to transmit a diagnosis to the operator.
The device according to the invention further comprises a wireless communication interface allowing the operator to exchange with the expert, in real time and interactively, the images captured and the results of the measurements performed. | 1. Device for aiding remote-diagnosis in the course of an endoscopy of an aircraft engine; comprising at least one endoscope (2) used in situ by a first operator (20) to capture images of said engine and to perform measurements, and at least one remote terminal (10) used by at least one second operator (22) to analyse said images and the results of said measurements in order to establish a diagnosis, the device further comprises a wireless communication interface allowing the first operator (20) to exchange with the second operator (22), in real time and interactively, the images captured and the results of the measurements performed, characterised in that said communication interface comprises a module (6) for the acquisition and automatic conversion of the video images from a data format specific to the endoscope (2) to a data format suitable for processing by a laptop computer (4) and by the remote terminal (10). 2. Device according to claim 1 wherein said communication interface further comprises an audio communication module. 3. Device according to claim 1 further comprising a memory for saving the information and data exchanged between the operator (20) and the second operator (22). 4. Device according to claim 1 wherein the endoscope (2) is connected to a video acquisition and conversion card of a laptop computer (4) suitable for communicating in real time with the remote terminal (10) via a wireless communication network. 5. Method for aiding remote-diagnosis in the course of an endoscopy of an aircraft engine characterised by the following steps:
capturing images and performing measurements of the engine by means of an endoscope connected to a laptop computer (4), establishing a wireless connection between the laptop computer (4) and a remote terminal (10), to analyse said images and said measurements and to establish a diagnosis; exchanging in real time and interactively the images captured and the results of the measurements performed between the laptop computer (4) and the remote terminal (10). automatically converting the results of the measurements performed from a data format specific to the endoscope to a data format suitable for processing by the laptop computer (4) and by the remote terminal (10). 6. Computer program stored in memory on a storage medium and including instructions for carrying out the steps of the method when it is executed on a computer. | The invention relates to a device for aiding remote-diagnosis in the course of an endoscopy of an aircraft engine, comprising at least one endoscope used in situ by a first operator to capture images of said engine and to perform measurements, and at least one remote terminal used by at least one second operator to analyse said video images and to transmit a diagnosis to the operator.
The device according to the invention further comprises a wireless communication interface allowing the operator to exchange with the expert, in real time and interactively, the images captured and the results of the measurements performed.1. Device for aiding remote-diagnosis in the course of an endoscopy of an aircraft engine; comprising at least one endoscope (2) used in situ by a first operator (20) to capture images of said engine and to perform measurements, and at least one remote terminal (10) used by at least one second operator (22) to analyse said images and the results of said measurements in order to establish a diagnosis, the device further comprises a wireless communication interface allowing the first operator (20) to exchange with the second operator (22), in real time and interactively, the images captured and the results of the measurements performed, characterised in that said communication interface comprises a module (6) for the acquisition and automatic conversion of the video images from a data format specific to the endoscope (2) to a data format suitable for processing by a laptop computer (4) and by the remote terminal (10). 2. Device according to claim 1 wherein said communication interface further comprises an audio communication module. 3. Device according to claim 1 further comprising a memory for saving the information and data exchanged between the operator (20) and the second operator (22). 4. Device according to claim 1 wherein the endoscope (2) is connected to a video acquisition and conversion card of a laptop computer (4) suitable for communicating in real time with the remote terminal (10) via a wireless communication network. 5. Method for aiding remote-diagnosis in the course of an endoscopy of an aircraft engine characterised by the following steps:
capturing images and performing measurements of the engine by means of an endoscope connected to a laptop computer (4), establishing a wireless connection between the laptop computer (4) and a remote terminal (10), to analyse said images and said measurements and to establish a diagnosis; exchanging in real time and interactively the images captured and the results of the measurements performed between the laptop computer (4) and the remote terminal (10). automatically converting the results of the measurements performed from a data format specific to the endoscope to a data format suitable for processing by the laptop computer (4) and by the remote terminal (10). 6. Computer program stored in memory on a storage medium and including instructions for carrying out the steps of the method when it is executed on a computer. | 2,400 |
9,545 | 9,545 | 16,700,209 | 2,425 | Systems and methods are described herein for presenting user selected scenes. A media guidance application may generate for display a listing for a media asset, wherein a play length of the media asset includes a non-selectable play length portion and a selectable play length portion. The media guidance application may generate for display a first scene option corresponding to a first scene and a second scene option corresponding to a second scene. The media guidance application may receive a user selection of the first or second scene option and incorporate the selected scene into the selectable play length portion of the media asset. The media guidance application may generate for display the media asset with the selected scene incorporated into the selectable play length portion. | 1-50. (canceled) 51. A method for presenting an option to select a scene in a video asset, the method comprising:
causing to be displayed the video asset comprising two scenes to be displayed at a time in the video asset; prior to the time and while the video asset is being displayed, causing an option to be presented to select one of the two scenes at the time; altering the option as the video asset being displayed approaches the time; receiving a selection in response to the option indicative of one of the two scenes; and causing the selected scene of the two scenes to be displayed at the time. 52. The method of claim 51, wherein altering the option comprises accentuating the option. 53. The method of claim 51, wherein altering the option comprises altering at least one of a graphical, audio, or textual element of the option. 54. The method of claim 51, further comprising automatically pausing the display of the video asset at the time to receive the selection when no selection has been made prior to the time. 55. The method of claim 51, wherein receiving the selection of one of the two scenes comprises receiving a selection of at least one of an actor, genre, location, or topic that corresponds to the selected scene. 56. The method of claim 51, wherein altering the option comprises causing to be displayed descriptions of each of the two scenes. 57. The method of claim 51, wherein the video asset comprises two scenes to be displayed at each respective time of one or more additional times, wherein the time is a first time, wherein the option is a first option, and wherein the selection at the first time is a first selection, the method further comprising:
causing to be presented additional options to select a scene to be displayed at each respective time of the one or more additional times; receiving selections in response to the additional options indicative of a scene to be displayed at each respective time of the one or more additional times; automatically making selections based on the first selection in response to the additional options indicative of a scene to be displayed at each respective time of the one or more additional times; and for each respective time of the one or more additional times, causing the selected scene to be displayed. 58. The method of claim 57, wherein the method comprises:
causing the additional options to be presented by causing icons to be displayed, wherein each icon of the displayed icons corresponds to the two scenes to be displayed at each respective time of the one or more additional times; and receiving selections in response to the additional options by receiving selection of each icon indicative of the scene to be displayed at each respective time. 59. The method of claim 57, wherein automatically making selections based on the first selection comprises:
determining metadata associated with the first selection; and for each respective time of the one or more additional times: determining whether one of the two scenes at the respective time corresponds to the metadata associated with the first selection; and in response to determining that a scene corresponds to the metadata, automatically making a selection of the scene corresponding to the metadata. 60. The method of claim 51, wherein the selected scene is caused to be displayed seamlessly with the display of the video asset. 61. A system for presenting an option to select a scene in a video asset, the system comprising:
control circuitry configured to:
cause to be displayed the video asset comprising two scenes to be displayed at a time in the video asset;
prior to the time and while the video asset is being displayed, cause an option to be presented to select one of the two scenes at the time;
alter the option as the video asset being displayed approaches the time;
receive a selection in response to the option indicative of one of the two scenes; and
cause the selected scene of the two scenes to be displayed at the time. 62. The system of claim 61, wherein the control circuitry is configured to alter the option by accentuating the option. 63. The system of claim 61, wherein the control circuitry is configured to alter the option by altering at least one of a graphical, audio, or textual element of the option. 64. The system of claim 61, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to automatically pause the display of the video asset at the time to receive the selection when no selection has been made prior to the time. 65. The system of claim 61, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to receive the selection of one of the two scenes by receiving a selection of at least one of an actor, genre, location, or topic that corresponds to the selected scene. 66. The system of claim 61, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to alter the option by causing to be displayed descriptions of each of the selected two scenes. 67. The system of claim 61, wherein the video asset comprises two scenes to be displayed at each respective time of one or more additional times, wherein the time is a first time, wherein the option is a first option, and wherein the selection at the first time is a first selection, and wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
cause to be presented additional options to select a scene to be displayed at each respective time of the one or more additional times; receive selections in response to the additional options indicative of a scene to be displayed at each respective time of the one or more additional times; automatically make selections based on the first selection in response to the additional options indicative of a scene to be displayed at each respective time of the one or more additional times; and for each respective time of the one or more additional times, cause the selected scene to be displayed. 68. The system of claim 67, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
cause the additional options to be presented by causing icons to be displayed, wherein each icon of the displayed icons corresponds to the two scenes to be displayed at each respective time of the one or more additional times; and receive selections in response to the additional options by receiving selection of each icon indicative of the scene to be displayed at each respective time. 69. The system of claim 67, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to automatically make selections based on the first selection by:
determining metadata associated with the first selection; and for each respective time of the one or more additional times: determining whether one of the two scenes at the respective time corresponds to the metadata associated with the first selection; and in response to determining that a scene corresponds to the metadata, automatically making a selection of the scene corresponding to the metadata. 70. The system of claim 61, wherein the selected scene is caused to be displayed seamlessly with the display of the video asset. 71. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions thereon that, when executed, perform a method for presenting an option to select a scene in a video asset, the method comprising:
causing to be displayed the video asset comprising two scenes to be displayed at a time in the video asset; prior to the time and while the video asset is being displayed, causing an option to be presented to select one of the two scenes at the time; altering the option as the video asset being displayed approaches the time; receiving a selection in response to the option indicative of one of the two scenes; and causing the selected scene of the two scenes to be displayed at the time. 72. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 71, wherein altering the option comprises accentuating the option. 73. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 71, wherein altering the option comprises altering at least one of a graphical, audio, or textual element of the option. 74. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 71, wherein the method further comprises automatically pausing the display of the video asset at the time to receive the selection when no selection has been made prior to the time. 75. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 71, wherein receiving the selection of one of the two scenes comprises receiving a selection of at least one of an actor, genre, location, or topic that corresponds to the selected scene. 76. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 71, wherein altering the option comprises causing to be displayed descriptions of each of the two scenes. 77. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 71, wherein the video asset comprises two scenes to be displayed at each respective time of one or more additional times, wherein the time is a first time, wherein the option is a first option, and wherein the selection at the first time is a first selection, and wherein the method further comprises:
causing to be presented additional options to select a scene to be displayed at each respective time of the one or more additional times; receiving selections in response to the additional options indicative of a scene to be displayed at each respective time of the one or more additional times; automatically making selections based on the first selection in response to the additional options indicative of a scene to be displayed at each respective time of the one or more additional times; and for each respective time of the one or more additional times, causing the selected scene to be displayed. 78. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 77, wherein the method comprises:
causing the additional options to be presented by causing icons to be displayed, wherein each icon of the displayed icons corresponds to the two scenes to be displayed at each respective time of the one or more additional times; and receiving selections in response to the additional options by receiving selection of each icon indicative of the scene to be displayed at each respective time. 79. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 77, wherein automatically making selections based on the first selection comprises:
determining metadata associated with the first selection; and for each respective time of the one or more additional times:
determining whether one of the two scenes at the respective time corresponds to the metadata associated with the first selection; and
in response to determining that a scene corresponds to the metadata, automatically making a selection of the scene corresponding to the metadata. 80. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 71, wherein the selected scene is caused to be displayed seamlessly with the display of the video asset. | Systems and methods are described herein for presenting user selected scenes. A media guidance application may generate for display a listing for a media asset, wherein a play length of the media asset includes a non-selectable play length portion and a selectable play length portion. The media guidance application may generate for display a first scene option corresponding to a first scene and a second scene option corresponding to a second scene. The media guidance application may receive a user selection of the first or second scene option and incorporate the selected scene into the selectable play length portion of the media asset. The media guidance application may generate for display the media asset with the selected scene incorporated into the selectable play length portion.1-50. (canceled) 51. A method for presenting an option to select a scene in a video asset, the method comprising:
causing to be displayed the video asset comprising two scenes to be displayed at a time in the video asset; prior to the time and while the video asset is being displayed, causing an option to be presented to select one of the two scenes at the time; altering the option as the video asset being displayed approaches the time; receiving a selection in response to the option indicative of one of the two scenes; and causing the selected scene of the two scenes to be displayed at the time. 52. The method of claim 51, wherein altering the option comprises accentuating the option. 53. The method of claim 51, wherein altering the option comprises altering at least one of a graphical, audio, or textual element of the option. 54. The method of claim 51, further comprising automatically pausing the display of the video asset at the time to receive the selection when no selection has been made prior to the time. 55. The method of claim 51, wherein receiving the selection of one of the two scenes comprises receiving a selection of at least one of an actor, genre, location, or topic that corresponds to the selected scene. 56. The method of claim 51, wherein altering the option comprises causing to be displayed descriptions of each of the two scenes. 57. The method of claim 51, wherein the video asset comprises two scenes to be displayed at each respective time of one or more additional times, wherein the time is a first time, wherein the option is a first option, and wherein the selection at the first time is a first selection, the method further comprising:
causing to be presented additional options to select a scene to be displayed at each respective time of the one or more additional times; receiving selections in response to the additional options indicative of a scene to be displayed at each respective time of the one or more additional times; automatically making selections based on the first selection in response to the additional options indicative of a scene to be displayed at each respective time of the one or more additional times; and for each respective time of the one or more additional times, causing the selected scene to be displayed. 58. The method of claim 57, wherein the method comprises:
causing the additional options to be presented by causing icons to be displayed, wherein each icon of the displayed icons corresponds to the two scenes to be displayed at each respective time of the one or more additional times; and receiving selections in response to the additional options by receiving selection of each icon indicative of the scene to be displayed at each respective time. 59. The method of claim 57, wherein automatically making selections based on the first selection comprises:
determining metadata associated with the first selection; and for each respective time of the one or more additional times: determining whether one of the two scenes at the respective time corresponds to the metadata associated with the first selection; and in response to determining that a scene corresponds to the metadata, automatically making a selection of the scene corresponding to the metadata. 60. The method of claim 51, wherein the selected scene is caused to be displayed seamlessly with the display of the video asset. 61. A system for presenting an option to select a scene in a video asset, the system comprising:
control circuitry configured to:
cause to be displayed the video asset comprising two scenes to be displayed at a time in the video asset;
prior to the time and while the video asset is being displayed, cause an option to be presented to select one of the two scenes at the time;
alter the option as the video asset being displayed approaches the time;
receive a selection in response to the option indicative of one of the two scenes; and
cause the selected scene of the two scenes to be displayed at the time. 62. The system of claim 61, wherein the control circuitry is configured to alter the option by accentuating the option. 63. The system of claim 61, wherein the control circuitry is configured to alter the option by altering at least one of a graphical, audio, or textual element of the option. 64. The system of claim 61, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to automatically pause the display of the video asset at the time to receive the selection when no selection has been made prior to the time. 65. The system of claim 61, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to receive the selection of one of the two scenes by receiving a selection of at least one of an actor, genre, location, or topic that corresponds to the selected scene. 66. The system of claim 61, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to alter the option by causing to be displayed descriptions of each of the selected two scenes. 67. The system of claim 61, wherein the video asset comprises two scenes to be displayed at each respective time of one or more additional times, wherein the time is a first time, wherein the option is a first option, and wherein the selection at the first time is a first selection, and wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
cause to be presented additional options to select a scene to be displayed at each respective time of the one or more additional times; receive selections in response to the additional options indicative of a scene to be displayed at each respective time of the one or more additional times; automatically make selections based on the first selection in response to the additional options indicative of a scene to be displayed at each respective time of the one or more additional times; and for each respective time of the one or more additional times, cause the selected scene to be displayed. 68. The system of claim 67, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
cause the additional options to be presented by causing icons to be displayed, wherein each icon of the displayed icons corresponds to the two scenes to be displayed at each respective time of the one or more additional times; and receive selections in response to the additional options by receiving selection of each icon indicative of the scene to be displayed at each respective time. 69. The system of claim 67, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to automatically make selections based on the first selection by:
determining metadata associated with the first selection; and for each respective time of the one or more additional times: determining whether one of the two scenes at the respective time corresponds to the metadata associated with the first selection; and in response to determining that a scene corresponds to the metadata, automatically making a selection of the scene corresponding to the metadata. 70. The system of claim 61, wherein the selected scene is caused to be displayed seamlessly with the display of the video asset. 71. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions thereon that, when executed, perform a method for presenting an option to select a scene in a video asset, the method comprising:
causing to be displayed the video asset comprising two scenes to be displayed at a time in the video asset; prior to the time and while the video asset is being displayed, causing an option to be presented to select one of the two scenes at the time; altering the option as the video asset being displayed approaches the time; receiving a selection in response to the option indicative of one of the two scenes; and causing the selected scene of the two scenes to be displayed at the time. 72. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 71, wherein altering the option comprises accentuating the option. 73. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 71, wherein altering the option comprises altering at least one of a graphical, audio, or textual element of the option. 74. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 71, wherein the method further comprises automatically pausing the display of the video asset at the time to receive the selection when no selection has been made prior to the time. 75. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 71, wherein receiving the selection of one of the two scenes comprises receiving a selection of at least one of an actor, genre, location, or topic that corresponds to the selected scene. 76. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 71, wherein altering the option comprises causing to be displayed descriptions of each of the two scenes. 77. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 71, wherein the video asset comprises two scenes to be displayed at each respective time of one or more additional times, wherein the time is a first time, wherein the option is a first option, and wherein the selection at the first time is a first selection, and wherein the method further comprises:
causing to be presented additional options to select a scene to be displayed at each respective time of the one or more additional times; receiving selections in response to the additional options indicative of a scene to be displayed at each respective time of the one or more additional times; automatically making selections based on the first selection in response to the additional options indicative of a scene to be displayed at each respective time of the one or more additional times; and for each respective time of the one or more additional times, causing the selected scene to be displayed. 78. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 77, wherein the method comprises:
causing the additional options to be presented by causing icons to be displayed, wherein each icon of the displayed icons corresponds to the two scenes to be displayed at each respective time of the one or more additional times; and receiving selections in response to the additional options by receiving selection of each icon indicative of the scene to be displayed at each respective time. 79. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 77, wherein automatically making selections based on the first selection comprises:
determining metadata associated with the first selection; and for each respective time of the one or more additional times:
determining whether one of the two scenes at the respective time corresponds to the metadata associated with the first selection; and
in response to determining that a scene corresponds to the metadata, automatically making a selection of the scene corresponding to the metadata. 80. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 71, wherein the selected scene is caused to be displayed seamlessly with the display of the video asset. | 2,400 |
9,546 | 9,546 | 16,129,306 | 2,492 | A computer includes a memory and a processor programmed to execute instructions stored in the memory. The instructions include processing a binary file to determine a security risk associated with the binary file. Processing the binary file includes determining a characteristic from metadata of the binary file. The security risk associated with the binary file is based at least in part on the characteristic of the binary file. | 1. A computer comprising:
a memory; and a processor programmed to execute instructions stored in the memory, the instructions including processing a binary file to determine a security risk associated with the binary file, wherein processing the binary file includes determining a characteristic from metadata of the binary file and wherein the security risk associated with the binary file is based at least in part on the characteristic of the binary file. 2. The computer of claim 1, wherein the characteristic includes a code size of the binary file, and wherein the processor is programmed to determine the security risk based at least in part on the code size of the binary file. 3. The computer of claim 1, wherein the characteristic includes a data size representing an amount of data processing involved with the binary file, and wherein the processor is programmed to determine the security risk based at least in part on the data size of the binary file. 4. The computer of claim 1, wherein the characteristic represents a count of a number of insecure application programming interfaces are used by the binary file, and wherein the processor is programmed to determine the security risk based at least in part on the number of insecure application programming interfaces used by the binary file. 5. The computer of claim 1, wherein the characteristic includes a count of a number of conditional statements executed by computer code represented by the binary file, and wherein the processor is programmed to determine the security risk based at least in part on the number of conditional statements. 6. The computer of claim 1, wherein the characteristic includes a cyclomatic complexity of computer code represented by the binary file, and wherein the processor is programmed to determine the security risk based at least in part on the cyclomatic complexity of the binary file. 7. The computer of claim 1, wherein the instructions include compiling computer code to generate the binary file from the computer code. 8. The computer of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include receiving data from a common vulnerability exposure database, and wherein determining the security risk associated with the binary file includes determining the security risk based at least in part on the data received from the common vulnerability exposure database. 9. The computer of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include generating a risk assessment file representing the security risk of the binary file. 10. The computer of claim 9, wherein the instructions further include developing metrics associated with the security risk of the binary file, and wherein the risk assessment file includes the metrics. 11. A method comprising:
processing a binary file to determine a characteristic of the binary file; and determining a security risk associated with the binary file based at least in part on the characteristic of the binary file. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the characteristic includes a code size of the binary file, and wherein the security risk is based at least in part on the code size of the binary file. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the characteristic includes a data size representing an amount of data processing involved with the binary file, and wherein the security risk is based at least in part on the data size of the binary file. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the characteristic represents a count of a number of insecure application programming interfaces are used by the binary file, and wherein the security risk is based at least in part on the number of insecure application programming interfaces used by the binary file. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the characteristic includes a count of a number of conditional statements executed by computer code represented by the binary file, and wherein the security risk is based at least in part on the number of conditional statements. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the characteristic includes a cyclomatic complexity of computer code represented by the binary file, and wherein the security risk is based at least in part on the cyclomatic complexity of the binary file. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving computer code; and compiling the computer code to generate the binary file. 18. The method of claim 11, further comprising receiving data from a common vulnerability exposure database, and wherein determining the security risk associated with the binary file includes determining the security risk based at least in part on the data received from the common vulnerability exposure database. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising generating a risk assessment file representing the security risk of the binary file. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising developing metrics associated with the security risk of the binary file, and wherein generating the risk assessment file includes generating the risk assessment file to include the metrics. | A computer includes a memory and a processor programmed to execute instructions stored in the memory. The instructions include processing a binary file to determine a security risk associated with the binary file. Processing the binary file includes determining a characteristic from metadata of the binary file. The security risk associated with the binary file is based at least in part on the characteristic of the binary file.1. A computer comprising:
a memory; and a processor programmed to execute instructions stored in the memory, the instructions including processing a binary file to determine a security risk associated with the binary file, wherein processing the binary file includes determining a characteristic from metadata of the binary file and wherein the security risk associated with the binary file is based at least in part on the characteristic of the binary file. 2. The computer of claim 1, wherein the characteristic includes a code size of the binary file, and wherein the processor is programmed to determine the security risk based at least in part on the code size of the binary file. 3. The computer of claim 1, wherein the characteristic includes a data size representing an amount of data processing involved with the binary file, and wherein the processor is programmed to determine the security risk based at least in part on the data size of the binary file. 4. The computer of claim 1, wherein the characteristic represents a count of a number of insecure application programming interfaces are used by the binary file, and wherein the processor is programmed to determine the security risk based at least in part on the number of insecure application programming interfaces used by the binary file. 5. The computer of claim 1, wherein the characteristic includes a count of a number of conditional statements executed by computer code represented by the binary file, and wherein the processor is programmed to determine the security risk based at least in part on the number of conditional statements. 6. The computer of claim 1, wherein the characteristic includes a cyclomatic complexity of computer code represented by the binary file, and wherein the processor is programmed to determine the security risk based at least in part on the cyclomatic complexity of the binary file. 7. The computer of claim 1, wherein the instructions include compiling computer code to generate the binary file from the computer code. 8. The computer of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include receiving data from a common vulnerability exposure database, and wherein determining the security risk associated with the binary file includes determining the security risk based at least in part on the data received from the common vulnerability exposure database. 9. The computer of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include generating a risk assessment file representing the security risk of the binary file. 10. The computer of claim 9, wherein the instructions further include developing metrics associated with the security risk of the binary file, and wherein the risk assessment file includes the metrics. 11. A method comprising:
processing a binary file to determine a characteristic of the binary file; and determining a security risk associated with the binary file based at least in part on the characteristic of the binary file. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the characteristic includes a code size of the binary file, and wherein the security risk is based at least in part on the code size of the binary file. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the characteristic includes a data size representing an amount of data processing involved with the binary file, and wherein the security risk is based at least in part on the data size of the binary file. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the characteristic represents a count of a number of insecure application programming interfaces are used by the binary file, and wherein the security risk is based at least in part on the number of insecure application programming interfaces used by the binary file. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the characteristic includes a count of a number of conditional statements executed by computer code represented by the binary file, and wherein the security risk is based at least in part on the number of conditional statements. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the characteristic includes a cyclomatic complexity of computer code represented by the binary file, and wherein the security risk is based at least in part on the cyclomatic complexity of the binary file. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving computer code; and compiling the computer code to generate the binary file. 18. The method of claim 11, further comprising receiving data from a common vulnerability exposure database, and wherein determining the security risk associated with the binary file includes determining the security risk based at least in part on the data received from the common vulnerability exposure database. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising generating a risk assessment file representing the security risk of the binary file. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising developing metrics associated with the security risk of the binary file, and wherein generating the risk assessment file includes generating the risk assessment file to include the metrics. | 2,400 |
9,547 | 9,547 | 15,570,739 | 2,439 | In one implementation, a system for peripheral device security includes a hardware interface coupled to an out-of-band manager, and the out-of-band manager is to: authorize a peripheral device via the hardware interface; and load instructions from the peripheral device to a host interface. | 1. A system for peripheral device security, comprising:
a hardware interface coupled to an out-of-band manager; and the out-of-band manager to:
authorize a peripheral device via the hardware interface; and
load instructions from the peripheral device to a host interface. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the peripheral device is authorized by the out-of-band manager with a physical authentication process and a device type authentication process. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the physical authentication process includes:
determining an identity of a user of the peripheral device via user credentials; and authorizing that the user is physically present with the hardware interface via a biometric test that is compared to the user credentials. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the device type authentication process is to:
determine a device type of the peripheral device; determine if an identified user is allowed to utilize the determined device type; and determine a number of instructions operable by the determined device type. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the loaded instructions from the peripheral device to the host interface are limited to a determined number of instructions that are operable by the authorized peripheral device. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the hardware interface is coupled to the out-of-band manager via a multiplexor. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the out-of-band manager loads instructions from the peripheral device to the host interface via a virtual device descriptor. 8. A system for peripheral device security, comprising:
an user authorization engine to authorize credentials of a user and authorize a physical location of the user; a device authorization engine to determine a device type of a peripheral device coupled to a hardware interface of the system and to determine if the user is authorized to utilize the device type; an instruction engine to determine a number of authorized instructions for the peripheral device based on the device type; and a loader engine to load authorized instructions from the peripheral device to a host interface of the system and exclude unauthorized instructions from the peripheral device. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein a direct connection between the hardware interface and the host interface is disabled. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the loader engine utilizes a virtual host controller to load the authorized instructions from the peripheral device to the host interface of the system. 11. The system of claim 8, comprising a timer engine to determine an amount of time between authorizing the user with the user authorization engine and authorizing the device with the device authorization engine, wherein authorization of the user and the device fails when the amount of time is greater than a threshold amount of time. 12. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions executable by a processor for peripheral device security, wherein the instructions are executable to:
authorize a user and a corresponding peripheral device coupled to a hardware interface; receive a number of instructions from the peripheral device via the hardware interface; determine authorized instructions for the peripheral device based on an identity of the authorized user and a determined device type of the peripheral device; load authorized instructions from the number of instructions to a host interface via a virtual host controller and exclude unauthorized instructions from the peripheral device. 13. The medium of claim 12, wherein instructions from the hardware interface are loaded to the host interface via the virtual host controller. 14. The medium of claim 12, wherein the number of instructions from the peripheral device are received through a multiplexor coupled to the hardware interface. 15. The medium of claim 14, wherein the multiplexor disables physical connections between the hardware interface and the host interface. | In one implementation, a system for peripheral device security includes a hardware interface coupled to an out-of-band manager, and the out-of-band manager is to: authorize a peripheral device via the hardware interface; and load instructions from the peripheral device to a host interface.1. A system for peripheral device security, comprising:
a hardware interface coupled to an out-of-band manager; and the out-of-band manager to:
authorize a peripheral device via the hardware interface; and
load instructions from the peripheral device to a host interface. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the peripheral device is authorized by the out-of-band manager with a physical authentication process and a device type authentication process. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the physical authentication process includes:
determining an identity of a user of the peripheral device via user credentials; and authorizing that the user is physically present with the hardware interface via a biometric test that is compared to the user credentials. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the device type authentication process is to:
determine a device type of the peripheral device; determine if an identified user is allowed to utilize the determined device type; and determine a number of instructions operable by the determined device type. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the loaded instructions from the peripheral device to the host interface are limited to a determined number of instructions that are operable by the authorized peripheral device. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the hardware interface is coupled to the out-of-band manager via a multiplexor. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the out-of-band manager loads instructions from the peripheral device to the host interface via a virtual device descriptor. 8. A system for peripheral device security, comprising:
an user authorization engine to authorize credentials of a user and authorize a physical location of the user; a device authorization engine to determine a device type of a peripheral device coupled to a hardware interface of the system and to determine if the user is authorized to utilize the device type; an instruction engine to determine a number of authorized instructions for the peripheral device based on the device type; and a loader engine to load authorized instructions from the peripheral device to a host interface of the system and exclude unauthorized instructions from the peripheral device. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein a direct connection between the hardware interface and the host interface is disabled. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the loader engine utilizes a virtual host controller to load the authorized instructions from the peripheral device to the host interface of the system. 11. The system of claim 8, comprising a timer engine to determine an amount of time between authorizing the user with the user authorization engine and authorizing the device with the device authorization engine, wherein authorization of the user and the device fails when the amount of time is greater than a threshold amount of time. 12. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions executable by a processor for peripheral device security, wherein the instructions are executable to:
authorize a user and a corresponding peripheral device coupled to a hardware interface; receive a number of instructions from the peripheral device via the hardware interface; determine authorized instructions for the peripheral device based on an identity of the authorized user and a determined device type of the peripheral device; load authorized instructions from the number of instructions to a host interface via a virtual host controller and exclude unauthorized instructions from the peripheral device. 13. The medium of claim 12, wherein instructions from the hardware interface are loaded to the host interface via the virtual host controller. 14. The medium of claim 12, wherein the number of instructions from the peripheral device are received through a multiplexor coupled to the hardware interface. 15. The medium of claim 14, wherein the multiplexor disables physical connections between the hardware interface and the host interface. | 2,400 |
9,548 | 9,548 | 16,750,697 | 2,483 | A method for processing an image is provided in which an omnidirectional image is received. The omnidirectional image is displayed on a display. Two panoramic images are generated based on the omnidirectional image by correcting distortion of the omnidirectional image. The two panoramic images are displayed on the display in response to a user input. Both of the two panoramic images are scrolled in response to a user input conducted on one of the two panoramic images displayed on the display. | 1. A method for processing an image, the method comprising:
receiving an omnidirectional image; displaying the omnidirectional image on a display; generating two panoramic images based on the omnidirectional image by correcting distortion of the omnidirectional image; displaying the two panoramic images on the display in response to a user input; and scrolling both of the two panoramic images in response to a user input conducted on one of the two panoramic images displayed on the display. 2. The method for processing an image according to claim 1, wherein
a first panoramic image of the two panoramic images represents a first half of the omnidirectional image and a second panoramic image of the two panoramic images represents a second half of the omnidirectional image. 3. The method for processing an image according to claim 2, wherein
the first panoramic image is scrolled in a direction designated by a user input conducted on the first panoramic image, the second panoramic image is scrolled in the same direction with the first panoramic image scrolling. 4. The method for processing an image according to claim 2, wherein
the first panoramic image is scrolled at a speed in response to a user input conducted on the first panoramic image, the second panoramic image is scrolled at the same speed with the first panoramic image scrolling. 5. The method for processing an image according to claim 4, wherein
the scrolling speed of the first panoramic image and the second panoramic image is changed according to a user input. 6. The method for processing an image according to claim 4, wherein
the scrolling speed of the first panoramic image and the second panoramic image is not changed according to a user input. 7. The method for processing an image according to claim 1, further comprising:
in response to a user input when displaying the two panoramic images on the display, displaying a first panoramic image of the two panoramic images and non-displaying a second panoramic image of the two panoramic images. 8. The method for processing an image according to claim 7, further comprising:
moving the first panoramic image to a center of the display when non-displaying the second panoramic image of the two panoramic images displayed on the display. 9. The method for processing an image according to claim 7, wherein
redisplaying, on the display, both of the two panoramic images in response to a user input when displaying only the first panoramic image. 10. The method for processing an image according to claim 9, further comprising:
moving the first image upward when redisplaying both of the two panoramic images. 11. The method for processing an image according to claim 1, further comprising:
generating a single panoramic image based on the omnidirectional image by correcting distortion of the omnidirectional image; displaying the single panoramic image in response to receiving a pinch-in operation conducted on the two panoramic images displayed on the display. 12. The method for processing an image according to claim 1, further comprising:
generating a single panoramic image based on the omnidirectional image by correcting distortion of the omnidirectional image; displaying the single panoramic image on the display; displaying the two panoramic images in response to receiving a pinch-out operation conducted on the single panoramic image displayed on the display. 13. The method for processing an image according to claim 1, further comprising:
generating a single panoramic image based on the omnidirectional image by correcting distortion of the omnidirectional image; displaying the single panoramic image on the display; receiving a pinch-out operation conducted on the single panoramic image displayed on the display; splitting the single panoramic image into two panoramic images based on a place where the received pinch-out operation is conducted on the single panoramic image. 14. The method for processing an image according to claim 13, further comprising:
displaying one of the two panoramic images split from the single panoramic image at an upper area of the display, displaying the other one of two panoramic images split from the single panoramic image at a lower area of the display. 15. The method for processing an image according to claim 13, further comprising:
moving upward one of the two panoramic images split from the single panoramic image, moving downward the other one of two panoramic images split from the single panoramic image. 16. An apparatus for processing an image, the apparatus comprising:
a processor that performs operations including:
receiving an omnidirectional image;
displaying the omnidirectional image on a display;
generating two panoramic images based on the omnidirectional image by correcting distortion of the omnidirectional image;
displaying the two panoramic images on the display in response to a user input;
scrolling both of the two panoramic images in response to a user input conducted on one of the two panoramic images displayed on the display. 17. A method for processing an image, the method comprising:
receiving an omnidirectional image; generating, with a processor, an instruction to process to generate two panoramic images based on the omnidirectional image by correcting distortion of the omnidirectional image; generating, with a processor, an instruction to process to scroll both of the two panoramic images in response to a user input conducted on one of the two panoramic images displayed on a display. 18. The method for processing an image according to claim 17, wherein
a first panoramic image of the two panoramic images is scrolled in a direction designated by a user input conducted on the first panoramic image, a second panoramic image of the two panoramic images is scrolled in the same direction with the first panoramic image scrolling. 19. The method for processing an image according to claim 17, wherein
a first panoramic image of the two panoramic images is scrolled at a speed in response to a user input conducted on the first panoramic image, a second panoramic image of the two panoramic images is scrolled at the same speed with the first panoramic image scrolling. | A method for processing an image is provided in which an omnidirectional image is received. The omnidirectional image is displayed on a display. Two panoramic images are generated based on the omnidirectional image by correcting distortion of the omnidirectional image. The two panoramic images are displayed on the display in response to a user input. Both of the two panoramic images are scrolled in response to a user input conducted on one of the two panoramic images displayed on the display.1. A method for processing an image, the method comprising:
receiving an omnidirectional image; displaying the omnidirectional image on a display; generating two panoramic images based on the omnidirectional image by correcting distortion of the omnidirectional image; displaying the two panoramic images on the display in response to a user input; and scrolling both of the two panoramic images in response to a user input conducted on one of the two panoramic images displayed on the display. 2. The method for processing an image according to claim 1, wherein
a first panoramic image of the two panoramic images represents a first half of the omnidirectional image and a second panoramic image of the two panoramic images represents a second half of the omnidirectional image. 3. The method for processing an image according to claim 2, wherein
the first panoramic image is scrolled in a direction designated by a user input conducted on the first panoramic image, the second panoramic image is scrolled in the same direction with the first panoramic image scrolling. 4. The method for processing an image according to claim 2, wherein
the first panoramic image is scrolled at a speed in response to a user input conducted on the first panoramic image, the second panoramic image is scrolled at the same speed with the first panoramic image scrolling. 5. The method for processing an image according to claim 4, wherein
the scrolling speed of the first panoramic image and the second panoramic image is changed according to a user input. 6. The method for processing an image according to claim 4, wherein
the scrolling speed of the first panoramic image and the second panoramic image is not changed according to a user input. 7. The method for processing an image according to claim 1, further comprising:
in response to a user input when displaying the two panoramic images on the display, displaying a first panoramic image of the two panoramic images and non-displaying a second panoramic image of the two panoramic images. 8. The method for processing an image according to claim 7, further comprising:
moving the first panoramic image to a center of the display when non-displaying the second panoramic image of the two panoramic images displayed on the display. 9. The method for processing an image according to claim 7, wherein
redisplaying, on the display, both of the two panoramic images in response to a user input when displaying only the first panoramic image. 10. The method for processing an image according to claim 9, further comprising:
moving the first image upward when redisplaying both of the two panoramic images. 11. The method for processing an image according to claim 1, further comprising:
generating a single panoramic image based on the omnidirectional image by correcting distortion of the omnidirectional image; displaying the single panoramic image in response to receiving a pinch-in operation conducted on the two panoramic images displayed on the display. 12. The method for processing an image according to claim 1, further comprising:
generating a single panoramic image based on the omnidirectional image by correcting distortion of the omnidirectional image; displaying the single panoramic image on the display; displaying the two panoramic images in response to receiving a pinch-out operation conducted on the single panoramic image displayed on the display. 13. The method for processing an image according to claim 1, further comprising:
generating a single panoramic image based on the omnidirectional image by correcting distortion of the omnidirectional image; displaying the single panoramic image on the display; receiving a pinch-out operation conducted on the single panoramic image displayed on the display; splitting the single panoramic image into two panoramic images based on a place where the received pinch-out operation is conducted on the single panoramic image. 14. The method for processing an image according to claim 13, further comprising:
displaying one of the two panoramic images split from the single panoramic image at an upper area of the display, displaying the other one of two panoramic images split from the single panoramic image at a lower area of the display. 15. The method for processing an image according to claim 13, further comprising:
moving upward one of the two panoramic images split from the single panoramic image, moving downward the other one of two panoramic images split from the single panoramic image. 16. An apparatus for processing an image, the apparatus comprising:
a processor that performs operations including:
receiving an omnidirectional image;
displaying the omnidirectional image on a display;
generating two panoramic images based on the omnidirectional image by correcting distortion of the omnidirectional image;
displaying the two panoramic images on the display in response to a user input;
scrolling both of the two panoramic images in response to a user input conducted on one of the two panoramic images displayed on the display. 17. A method for processing an image, the method comprising:
receiving an omnidirectional image; generating, with a processor, an instruction to process to generate two panoramic images based on the omnidirectional image by correcting distortion of the omnidirectional image; generating, with a processor, an instruction to process to scroll both of the two panoramic images in response to a user input conducted on one of the two panoramic images displayed on a display. 18. The method for processing an image according to claim 17, wherein
a first panoramic image of the two panoramic images is scrolled in a direction designated by a user input conducted on the first panoramic image, a second panoramic image of the two panoramic images is scrolled in the same direction with the first panoramic image scrolling. 19. The method for processing an image according to claim 17, wherein
a first panoramic image of the two panoramic images is scrolled at a speed in response to a user input conducted on the first panoramic image, a second panoramic image of the two panoramic images is scrolled at the same speed with the first panoramic image scrolling. | 2,400 |
9,549 | 9,549 | 16,224,464 | 2,477 | Systems, methods, software and apparatus to enhance connectivity to nodes in a single-mode network environment. An ordered list of IP address is generated based on configuration order rules, and each IP address is probed to determine reachability. | 1. A method of operating a communication node, the method comprising:
determining a network IP mode for a host hosting an application making a service request; transferring a request for one or more IP addresses associated with the service request; determining an order for each IP address based on configuration order rules; probing at least some of the one or more IP addresses in the ordered list of IP addresses to determine reachability; and generating a list of reachable IP addresses. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the network IP mode comprises an IPv6 mode. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
converting an IPv4 address to an IPv6 mapped address; and using an IPv6 socket to access the IPv6 mapped address. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the configuration order rules comprise giving Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) addresses the highest preference. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the configuration order rules comprise a network IP mode preference. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the configuration order rules comprises ignoring IPv4 addresses. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more IP addresses comprises IPv4 addresses and IPv6 addresses. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining the network IP mode is changed to a dual-mode; and re-ordering each IP address based on configuration order rules. 9. A client device requesting a service provided by an application server, the client device comprising:
a processor configured to determine a network IP mode for a host hosting an application making a service request; a communication interface configured to transfer a request for one or more IP addresses associated with the service request; the processor configured to determine an order for each IP address based on configuration order rules; the communication interface configured to probe at least some of the one or more IP addresses in the ordered list of IP addresses to determine reachability; and the processor configured to generate a list of reachable IP addresses. 10. The client device of claim 9, wherein the network IP mode comprises an IPv6 mode. 11. The client device of claim 9, further comprising:
the processor configured to convert an IPv4 address to an IPv6 mapped address; and the communication interface configured to use an IPv6 socket to access the IPv6 mapped address. 12. The client device of claim 9, wherein the configuration order rules comprise giving Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) addresses the highest preference. 13. The client device of claim 9, wherein the configuration order rules comprise a network IP mode preference. 14. The client device of claim 9, wherein the configuration order rules comprises ignoring IPv4 addresses. 15. The client device of claim 9, wherein the one or more IP addresses comprises IPv4 addresses and IPv6 addresses. 16. A computer-readable medium comprising processor-executable instructions comprising:
instructions configured to determine a network IP mode for a host hosting an application making a service request for a requested service; instructions configured to transfer a request for one or more IP addresses associated with the service request; instructions configured to determine an order for each IP address based on configuration order rules; instructions configured to probe at least some of the one or more IP addresses in the ordered list of IP addresses to determine reachability; and instructions configured to generate a list of resolved destination addresses for a server hosting the requested service. 17. The computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the network IP mode comprises a IPv6 only mode. 18. The computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the configuration order rules comprises ignoring IPv4 addresses. 19. The computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the one or more IP addresses comprises IPv4 addresses and IPv6 addresses. 20. The computer readable medium of claim 16, further comprising:
instructions configured to convert an IPv4 address to an IPv6 mapped address; and instructions configured to use an IPv6 socket to access the IPv6 mapped address. | Systems, methods, software and apparatus to enhance connectivity to nodes in a single-mode network environment. An ordered list of IP address is generated based on configuration order rules, and each IP address is probed to determine reachability.1. A method of operating a communication node, the method comprising:
determining a network IP mode for a host hosting an application making a service request; transferring a request for one or more IP addresses associated with the service request; determining an order for each IP address based on configuration order rules; probing at least some of the one or more IP addresses in the ordered list of IP addresses to determine reachability; and generating a list of reachable IP addresses. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the network IP mode comprises an IPv6 mode. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
converting an IPv4 address to an IPv6 mapped address; and using an IPv6 socket to access the IPv6 mapped address. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the configuration order rules comprise giving Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) addresses the highest preference. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the configuration order rules comprise a network IP mode preference. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the configuration order rules comprises ignoring IPv4 addresses. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more IP addresses comprises IPv4 addresses and IPv6 addresses. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining the network IP mode is changed to a dual-mode; and re-ordering each IP address based on configuration order rules. 9. A client device requesting a service provided by an application server, the client device comprising:
a processor configured to determine a network IP mode for a host hosting an application making a service request; a communication interface configured to transfer a request for one or more IP addresses associated with the service request; the processor configured to determine an order for each IP address based on configuration order rules; the communication interface configured to probe at least some of the one or more IP addresses in the ordered list of IP addresses to determine reachability; and the processor configured to generate a list of reachable IP addresses. 10. The client device of claim 9, wherein the network IP mode comprises an IPv6 mode. 11. The client device of claim 9, further comprising:
the processor configured to convert an IPv4 address to an IPv6 mapped address; and the communication interface configured to use an IPv6 socket to access the IPv6 mapped address. 12. The client device of claim 9, wherein the configuration order rules comprise giving Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) addresses the highest preference. 13. The client device of claim 9, wherein the configuration order rules comprise a network IP mode preference. 14. The client device of claim 9, wherein the configuration order rules comprises ignoring IPv4 addresses. 15. The client device of claim 9, wherein the one or more IP addresses comprises IPv4 addresses and IPv6 addresses. 16. A computer-readable medium comprising processor-executable instructions comprising:
instructions configured to determine a network IP mode for a host hosting an application making a service request for a requested service; instructions configured to transfer a request for one or more IP addresses associated with the service request; instructions configured to determine an order for each IP address based on configuration order rules; instructions configured to probe at least some of the one or more IP addresses in the ordered list of IP addresses to determine reachability; and instructions configured to generate a list of resolved destination addresses for a server hosting the requested service. 17. The computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the network IP mode comprises a IPv6 only mode. 18. The computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the configuration order rules comprises ignoring IPv4 addresses. 19. The computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the one or more IP addresses comprises IPv4 addresses and IPv6 addresses. 20. The computer readable medium of claim 16, further comprising:
instructions configured to convert an IPv4 address to an IPv6 mapped address; and instructions configured to use an IPv6 socket to access the IPv6 mapped address. | 2,400 |
9,550 | 9,550 | 15,087,981 | 2,423 | A device and method for receiving video content, generating at least two overlays for the video content, generating an information message containing information enabling a receiver of the video content and of the at least two overlays to selectively display or hide the generated overlays, and transmitting, using a multi-stream transmission including a primary stream and auxiliary streams, the information message, the video content in the primary stream and the at least two overlays in the auxiliary streams. | 1. A method, comprising:
receiving video content; generating at least two overlays for the video content, generating an information message containing information enabling a receiver of the video content and of the at least two overlays to selectively display or hide the generated overlays; transmitting, using a multi-stream transmission including a primary stream and auxiliary streams, the information message, the video content in the primary stream and the at least two overlays in the auxiliary streams. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a first overlay of the at least two overlays is available for only a portion of a length of the video content, the method further comprising:
generating an availability indicator to be displayed to indicate when the first overlay is available during the length of the video content; and transmitting the availability indicator to be displayed in the video content. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the availability indicator is transmitted in one of the auxiliary streams. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the availability indicator is displayed as a button colored for visibility when the first overlay is available for use. 5. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
generating an unavailability indicator to be displayed when the first overlay becomes unavailable during the length of the video content; and transmitting the unavailability indicator to be displayed in the video content. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein:
a first overlay of the at least two overlays includes first selected content; and a second overlay of the at least two overlays includes a second selected content, wherein: at least one element of the first selected content is different from at least one element of the second selected content. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first and second selected content are selected based on one of a demographic information of a viewer, a selection of the viewer, and a viewing history of the viewer. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein elements of the first and second selected content include one of advertisements, news tickers, live comments from social media, and picture-in-picture content. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein a first overlay of the at least two overlays includes alternate content to the video content, the method further comprising:
receiving a selection from a viewer of the alternate content in the first overlay; and displaying the first overlay on an entire area of a display, wherein the only content displayed to the viewer is the alternate content in the first overlay. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein a first overlay of the at least two overlays includes a resource identifier, wherein the resource identifier is used to access an alternate content. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least two overlays uses grayscale and the video content uses one of grayscale and color. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein:
a first overlay of the at least two overlays is transmitted in a first auxiliary stream out of the auxiliary streams; a second overlay of the at least two overlays is transmitted in a second auxiliary stream out of the auxiliary streams; and the information message includes a first information message and a second information message, the first information message containing information enabling the receiver of the video to selectively display the first overlay and the second information message containing information enabling the receiver of the video to selectively display the second overlay. 13. A device, comprising:
a memory storing a set of instructions; and a processor executing the set of instructions to perform actions comprising:
receiving a multi-stream transmission including a primary stream and auxiliary streams, wherein:
the primary stream comprises video content, a first auxiliary stream of the auxiliary streams comprises a first overlay for the video content, a second auxiliary stream of the auxiliary streams comprises a second overlay for the video content, and the multi-stream transmission further comprises an information message containing information enabling a receiver of the multi-stream transmission to selectively display or hide the first and the second overlays; receiving a user instruction instructing the device to display or hide one of the first and the second overlays; outputting a video stream to be displayed on a display device, wherein the video stream includes the video content without the first and the second overlays or includes the video content with the first or the second overlays based on the user instruction. 14. The device of claim 13, wherein the first overlay is available for only a portion of a length of the video, the actions further comprising:
receiving an availability indicator to be displayed to indicate when the first overlay is available during the length of the video; and outputting the availability indicator to be displayed on the display device. 15. The device of claim 13, wherein the first overlay includes a first selected content and the second overlay includes a second selected content, wherein at least one element of the first selected content and the second selected content is different. 16. The device of claim 15, wherein the first and second selected content is based on one of a demographic information of a viewer, a selection of the viewer and a viewing history of the viewer. 17. The device of claim 13, wherein the first overlay includes an alternate content to the video content, the actions further comprising:
receiving a second user instruction instructing the device to display the alternate content of the first overlay; and outputting the video stream that only contains the alternate content of the first overlay. 18. The device of claim 13, wherein the first overlay includes a resource identifier, wherein the actions further comprise:
accessing an alternate content via the resource identifier; and outputting the alternate content to the display device. 19. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium including a set of instructions that are executable by a processor, wherein the set of instructions cause the processor to:
receive video content; generate at least two overlays for the video content, generate an information message containing information enabling a receiver of the video content and of the at least two overlays to selectively display or hide the at least two overlays; transmit the video content, the at least two overlays, and the information message in a multi-stream transmission including a primary stream and auxiliary streams, the video content being transmitted in the primary stream and the at least two overlays being transmitted in the auxiliary streams. 20. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein:
a first overlay of the at least two overlays is transmitted in a first auxiliary stream out of the auxiliary streams; a second overlay of the at least two overlays is transmitted in a second auxiliary stream out of auxiliary streams; the information message includes a first information message and a second information message, the first information message containing information enabling the receiver of the video content to selectively display the first overlay and the second information message containing information enabling the receiver of the video content to selectively display the second overlay. | A device and method for receiving video content, generating at least two overlays for the video content, generating an information message containing information enabling a receiver of the video content and of the at least two overlays to selectively display or hide the generated overlays, and transmitting, using a multi-stream transmission including a primary stream and auxiliary streams, the information message, the video content in the primary stream and the at least two overlays in the auxiliary streams.1. A method, comprising:
receiving video content; generating at least two overlays for the video content, generating an information message containing information enabling a receiver of the video content and of the at least two overlays to selectively display or hide the generated overlays; transmitting, using a multi-stream transmission including a primary stream and auxiliary streams, the information message, the video content in the primary stream and the at least two overlays in the auxiliary streams. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a first overlay of the at least two overlays is available for only a portion of a length of the video content, the method further comprising:
generating an availability indicator to be displayed to indicate when the first overlay is available during the length of the video content; and transmitting the availability indicator to be displayed in the video content. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the availability indicator is transmitted in one of the auxiliary streams. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the availability indicator is displayed as a button colored for visibility when the first overlay is available for use. 5. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
generating an unavailability indicator to be displayed when the first overlay becomes unavailable during the length of the video content; and transmitting the unavailability indicator to be displayed in the video content. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein:
a first overlay of the at least two overlays includes first selected content; and a second overlay of the at least two overlays includes a second selected content, wherein: at least one element of the first selected content is different from at least one element of the second selected content. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first and second selected content are selected based on one of a demographic information of a viewer, a selection of the viewer, and a viewing history of the viewer. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein elements of the first and second selected content include one of advertisements, news tickers, live comments from social media, and picture-in-picture content. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein a first overlay of the at least two overlays includes alternate content to the video content, the method further comprising:
receiving a selection from a viewer of the alternate content in the first overlay; and displaying the first overlay on an entire area of a display, wherein the only content displayed to the viewer is the alternate content in the first overlay. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein a first overlay of the at least two overlays includes a resource identifier, wherein the resource identifier is used to access an alternate content. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least two overlays uses grayscale and the video content uses one of grayscale and color. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein:
a first overlay of the at least two overlays is transmitted in a first auxiliary stream out of the auxiliary streams; a second overlay of the at least two overlays is transmitted in a second auxiliary stream out of the auxiliary streams; and the information message includes a first information message and a second information message, the first information message containing information enabling the receiver of the video to selectively display the first overlay and the second information message containing information enabling the receiver of the video to selectively display the second overlay. 13. A device, comprising:
a memory storing a set of instructions; and a processor executing the set of instructions to perform actions comprising:
receiving a multi-stream transmission including a primary stream and auxiliary streams, wherein:
the primary stream comprises video content, a first auxiliary stream of the auxiliary streams comprises a first overlay for the video content, a second auxiliary stream of the auxiliary streams comprises a second overlay for the video content, and the multi-stream transmission further comprises an information message containing information enabling a receiver of the multi-stream transmission to selectively display or hide the first and the second overlays; receiving a user instruction instructing the device to display or hide one of the first and the second overlays; outputting a video stream to be displayed on a display device, wherein the video stream includes the video content without the first and the second overlays or includes the video content with the first or the second overlays based on the user instruction. 14. The device of claim 13, wherein the first overlay is available for only a portion of a length of the video, the actions further comprising:
receiving an availability indicator to be displayed to indicate when the first overlay is available during the length of the video; and outputting the availability indicator to be displayed on the display device. 15. The device of claim 13, wherein the first overlay includes a first selected content and the second overlay includes a second selected content, wherein at least one element of the first selected content and the second selected content is different. 16. The device of claim 15, wherein the first and second selected content is based on one of a demographic information of a viewer, a selection of the viewer and a viewing history of the viewer. 17. The device of claim 13, wherein the first overlay includes an alternate content to the video content, the actions further comprising:
receiving a second user instruction instructing the device to display the alternate content of the first overlay; and outputting the video stream that only contains the alternate content of the first overlay. 18. The device of claim 13, wherein the first overlay includes a resource identifier, wherein the actions further comprise:
accessing an alternate content via the resource identifier; and outputting the alternate content to the display device. 19. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium including a set of instructions that are executable by a processor, wherein the set of instructions cause the processor to:
receive video content; generate at least two overlays for the video content, generate an information message containing information enabling a receiver of the video content and of the at least two overlays to selectively display or hide the at least two overlays; transmit the video content, the at least two overlays, and the information message in a multi-stream transmission including a primary stream and auxiliary streams, the video content being transmitted in the primary stream and the at least two overlays being transmitted in the auxiliary streams. 20. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein:
a first overlay of the at least two overlays is transmitted in a first auxiliary stream out of the auxiliary streams; a second overlay of the at least two overlays is transmitted in a second auxiliary stream out of auxiliary streams; the information message includes a first information message and a second information message, the first information message containing information enabling the receiver of the video content to selectively display the first overlay and the second information message containing information enabling the receiver of the video content to selectively display the second overlay. | 2,400 |
9,551 | 9,551 | 15,954,003 | 2,468 | A base station receives channel state information from a wireless device. The base station transmits to the wireless device one or more data packets on a data channel employing a first precoding matrix identifier. The base station transmits one or more control packets on a control channel to the wireless device employing a second precoding matrix. | 1. A system comprising:
a base station and a wireless device, wherein the base station comprises:
one or more processors; and
memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the base station to:
receive, from the wireless device, channel state information (CSI) comprising a precoding matrix indicator;
determine, based on the precoding matrix indicator:
a first precoding matrix for transmission of a downlink data channel to the wireless device; and
a second precoding matrix for transmission of a downlink control channel to the wireless device, wherein the second precoding matrix is different from the first precoding matrix, and wherein the downlink control channel is associated with the downlink data channel;
transmit, in a subframe:
the downlink data channel using the first precoding matrix; and
at least one first reference signal associated with the downlink data channel; and
transmit, in the subframe:
the downlink control channel using the second precoding matrix; and
at least one second reference signal associated with the downlink control channel, and
wherein the wireless device comprises:
one or more processors; and
memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors of the wireless device, cause the wireless device to transmit the CSI and receive the downlink data channel and the downlink control channel. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions in the memory of the base station, when executed by the one or more processors of the base station, cause the base station to:
transmit the downlink data channel via a first plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) subcarriers, and transmit the downlink control channel via a second plurality of OFDM subcarriers that is different from the first plurality of OFDM subcarriers. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions in the memory of the base station, when executed by the one or more processors of the base station, cause the base station to transmit the at least one second reference signal associated with the downlink control channel by using a smaller number of antenna ports than the transmitting the at least one first reference signal associated with the downlink data channel. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the second precoding matrix uses a smaller number of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) layers than the first precoding matrix. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the second precoding matrix is a column vector. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one second reference signal associated with the downlink control channel comprises at least two orthogonal reference signals. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions in the memory of the base station, when executed by the one or more processors of the base station, cause the base station to transmit, via the downlink control channel and using multiple user multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO), one or more control packets. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the second precoding matrix is a submatrix of the first precoding matrix. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the second precoding matrix is based, at least in part, on a linear transformation on a subset of rows and columns of the first precoding matrix. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the second precoding matrix has a smaller number of columns than the first precoding matrix. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one first reference signal comprises a demodulation reference signal. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one second reference signal comprises a demodulation reference signal. 13. A method comprising:
transmitting, by a wireless device and to a base station, channel state information (CSI) comprising a precoding matrix indicator; receiving, in a subframe:
a downlink data channel that is precoded using a first precoding matrix that is based on the precoding matrix indicator; and
at least one first reference signal associated with the downlink data channel; and
receiving, in the subframe:
a downlink control channel that is associated with the downlink data channel and that is precoded using a second precoding matrix that is based on the precoding matrix indicator; and
at least one second reference signal associated with the downlink control channel. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein:
the downlink data channel is received via a first plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) subcarriers, and the downlink control channel is received via a second plurality of OFDM subcarriers that is different from the first plurality of OFDM subcarriers. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the second precoding matrix uses a smaller number of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) layers than the first precoding matrix. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the second precoding matrix is a column vector. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the at least one second reference signal associated with the downlink control channel comprises at least two orthogonal reference signals. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the second precoding matrix is a submatrix of the first precoding matrix. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the second precoding matrix is based, at least in part, on a linear transformation on a subset of rows and columns of the first precoding matrix. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the second precoding matrix has a smaller number of columns than the first precoding matrix. 21. The method of claim 13, wherein the at least one first reference signal comprises a demodulation reference signal. 22. The method of claim 13, wherein the at least one second reference signal comprises a demodulation reference signal. 23. A wireless device comprising:
one or more processors; and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the wireless device to:
transmit, to a base station, channel state information (CSI) comprising a precoding matrix indicator;
receive, in a subframe:
a downlink data channel that is precoded using a first precoding matrix that is based on the precoding matrix indicator; and
at least one first reference signal associated with the downlink data channel; and
receive, in the subframe:
a downlink control channel that is associated with the downlink data channel and that is precoded using a second precoding matrix that is based on the precoding matrix indicator; and
at least one second reference signal associated with the downlink control channel. 24. The wireless device of claim 23, wherein:
the downlink data channel is received via a first plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) subcarriers, and the downlink control channel is received via a second plurality of OFDM subcarriers that is different from the first plurality of OFDM subcarriers. 25. The wireless device of claim 23, wherein the second precoding matrix uses a smaller number of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) layers than the first precoding matrix. 26. The wireless device of claim 23, wherein the second precoding matrix is a column vector. 27. The wireless device of claim 23, wherein the at least one second reference signal associated with the downlink control channel comprises at least two orthogonal reference signals. 28. The wireless device of claim 23, wherein the second precoding matrix is a submatrix of the first precoding matrix. 29. The wireless device of claim 23, wherein the second precoding matrix is based, at least in part, on a linear transformation on a subset of rows and columns of the first precoding matrix. 30. The wireless device of claim 23, wherein the second precoding matrix has a smaller number of columns than the first precoding matrix. 31. The wireless device of claim 23, wherein the at least one first reference signal comprises a demodulation reference signal. 32. The wireless device of claim 23, wherein the at least one second reference signal comprises a demodulation reference signal. | A base station receives channel state information from a wireless device. The base station transmits to the wireless device one or more data packets on a data channel employing a first precoding matrix identifier. The base station transmits one or more control packets on a control channel to the wireless device employing a second precoding matrix.1. A system comprising:
a base station and a wireless device, wherein the base station comprises:
one or more processors; and
memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the base station to:
receive, from the wireless device, channel state information (CSI) comprising a precoding matrix indicator;
determine, based on the precoding matrix indicator:
a first precoding matrix for transmission of a downlink data channel to the wireless device; and
a second precoding matrix for transmission of a downlink control channel to the wireless device, wherein the second precoding matrix is different from the first precoding matrix, and wherein the downlink control channel is associated with the downlink data channel;
transmit, in a subframe:
the downlink data channel using the first precoding matrix; and
at least one first reference signal associated with the downlink data channel; and
transmit, in the subframe:
the downlink control channel using the second precoding matrix; and
at least one second reference signal associated with the downlink control channel, and
wherein the wireless device comprises:
one or more processors; and
memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors of the wireless device, cause the wireless device to transmit the CSI and receive the downlink data channel and the downlink control channel. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions in the memory of the base station, when executed by the one or more processors of the base station, cause the base station to:
transmit the downlink data channel via a first plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) subcarriers, and transmit the downlink control channel via a second plurality of OFDM subcarriers that is different from the first plurality of OFDM subcarriers. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions in the memory of the base station, when executed by the one or more processors of the base station, cause the base station to transmit the at least one second reference signal associated with the downlink control channel by using a smaller number of antenna ports than the transmitting the at least one first reference signal associated with the downlink data channel. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the second precoding matrix uses a smaller number of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) layers than the first precoding matrix. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the second precoding matrix is a column vector. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one second reference signal associated with the downlink control channel comprises at least two orthogonal reference signals. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions in the memory of the base station, when executed by the one or more processors of the base station, cause the base station to transmit, via the downlink control channel and using multiple user multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO), one or more control packets. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the second precoding matrix is a submatrix of the first precoding matrix. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the second precoding matrix is based, at least in part, on a linear transformation on a subset of rows and columns of the first precoding matrix. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the second precoding matrix has a smaller number of columns than the first precoding matrix. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one first reference signal comprises a demodulation reference signal. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one second reference signal comprises a demodulation reference signal. 13. A method comprising:
transmitting, by a wireless device and to a base station, channel state information (CSI) comprising a precoding matrix indicator; receiving, in a subframe:
a downlink data channel that is precoded using a first precoding matrix that is based on the precoding matrix indicator; and
at least one first reference signal associated with the downlink data channel; and
receiving, in the subframe:
a downlink control channel that is associated with the downlink data channel and that is precoded using a second precoding matrix that is based on the precoding matrix indicator; and
at least one second reference signal associated with the downlink control channel. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein:
the downlink data channel is received via a first plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) subcarriers, and the downlink control channel is received via a second plurality of OFDM subcarriers that is different from the first plurality of OFDM subcarriers. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the second precoding matrix uses a smaller number of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) layers than the first precoding matrix. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the second precoding matrix is a column vector. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the at least one second reference signal associated with the downlink control channel comprises at least two orthogonal reference signals. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the second precoding matrix is a submatrix of the first precoding matrix. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the second precoding matrix is based, at least in part, on a linear transformation on a subset of rows and columns of the first precoding matrix. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the second precoding matrix has a smaller number of columns than the first precoding matrix. 21. The method of claim 13, wherein the at least one first reference signal comprises a demodulation reference signal. 22. The method of claim 13, wherein the at least one second reference signal comprises a demodulation reference signal. 23. A wireless device comprising:
one or more processors; and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the wireless device to:
transmit, to a base station, channel state information (CSI) comprising a precoding matrix indicator;
receive, in a subframe:
a downlink data channel that is precoded using a first precoding matrix that is based on the precoding matrix indicator; and
at least one first reference signal associated with the downlink data channel; and
receive, in the subframe:
a downlink control channel that is associated with the downlink data channel and that is precoded using a second precoding matrix that is based on the precoding matrix indicator; and
at least one second reference signal associated with the downlink control channel. 24. The wireless device of claim 23, wherein:
the downlink data channel is received via a first plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) subcarriers, and the downlink control channel is received via a second plurality of OFDM subcarriers that is different from the first plurality of OFDM subcarriers. 25. The wireless device of claim 23, wherein the second precoding matrix uses a smaller number of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) layers than the first precoding matrix. 26. The wireless device of claim 23, wherein the second precoding matrix is a column vector. 27. The wireless device of claim 23, wherein the at least one second reference signal associated with the downlink control channel comprises at least two orthogonal reference signals. 28. The wireless device of claim 23, wherein the second precoding matrix is a submatrix of the first precoding matrix. 29. The wireless device of claim 23, wherein the second precoding matrix is based, at least in part, on a linear transformation on a subset of rows and columns of the first precoding matrix. 30. The wireless device of claim 23, wherein the second precoding matrix has a smaller number of columns than the first precoding matrix. 31. The wireless device of claim 23, wherein the at least one first reference signal comprises a demodulation reference signal. 32. The wireless device of claim 23, wherein the at least one second reference signal comprises a demodulation reference signal. | 2,400 |
9,552 | 9,552 | 13,995,334 | 2,423 | A particular implementation correlates a broadcast media item, which has a metadata element containing either a station call sign or channel number for a program, to a specific broadcast frequency and a virtual channel that a service provider broadcasts the program on. A command string is algorithmically defined to encode the frequency and physical channel, and is presented to the tuner hardware for locking onto and decoding the signal. A URL including the command string can then be generated. Consequently, a DLNA client device can engage a media renderer to play the broadcast media item through the exchange of a URL and a control interface. | 1. A method for controlling a media server adapted to be connected to a network, comprising:
receiving a request to access a broadcast media item; determining broadcast parameters for tuning to the broadcast media item; determining a command string representative of the broadcast parameters; and transmitting the command string in response to the request. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the network is a LAN and the receiving step comprises receiving the request from a media client device connected to the LAN, and the transmitting step comprises transmitting the command string to the media client device. 3. (canceled) 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the request includes at least a call sign and a channel number associated with a broadcast station. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the determining the command string comprises correlating the at least one of the call sign and the channel number with the broadcast parameters using a correlation table stored in the media server. 6-7. (canceled) 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the command string comprises a URL encoded with the broadcast parameters using an encoding algorithm that is known by devices connected to the network. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the command string comprises a Dbussend Locator string. 10. A method for controlling a media client device to access a broadcast media item, comprising:
transmitting a request to access the broadcast media item to a media server connected to a network; receiving from the media server a command string; decoding the command string to determine broadcast parameters associated with the broadcast media item; and controlling a tuner in response to the determined broadcast parameters to access the broadcast media item. 11. (canceled) 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the request includes at least one of a call sign and a channel number associated with a broadcast station. 13-14. (canceled) 15. The method according to claim 10, wherein the decoding step comprises determining the broadcast parameters using a correlation table stored in the media server. 16. The method according to claim 10, wherein the command string comprises a URL encoded with the broadcast parameters using an encoding algorithm that is known by devices connected to the network. 17. An apparatus, comprising:
a media server adapted to be connected to a network, for
receiving a request to access a broadcast media item;
determining broadcast parameters for tuning to the broadcast media item;
determining a command string representative of the broadcast parameters; and
transmitting the command string in response to the request. 18. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the network is a LAN and the media server receives the request from a media client device connected to the LAN, and the media server transmits the command string to the media client device. 19. (canceled) 20. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the request includes at least one of a call sign and a channel number associated with a broadcast station. 21. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the determining the command string comprises correlating the at least one of the call sign and the channel number with the broadcast parameters using a correlation table stored in the media server. 22. (canceled) 23. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the command string comprises a URL encoded with the broadcast parameters using an encoding algorithm that is known by devices connected to the network. 24. (canceled) 25. An apparatus, comprising:
a media client device to access a broadcast media item, for:
transmitting a request to access the broadcast media item to a media server connected to a network;
receiving from the media server a command string;
decoding the command string to determine broadcast parameters associated with the broadcast media item; and
controlling a tuner in response to the determined broadcast parameters to access the broadcast media item. 26. (canceled) 27. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein the request includes at least one of a call sign and a channel number associated with a broadcast station. 28-29. (canceled) 30. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein the decoding comprises determining the broadcast parameters using a correlation table stored in the media server. 31. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein the command string comprises a URL encoded with the broadcast parameters using an encoding algorithm that is known by devices connected to the network. 32. A system, comprising:
a media server adapted to be connected to a network, for
receiving a request to access a broadcast media item;
determining broadcast parameters for tuning to the broadcast media item;
determining a command string representative of the broadcast parameters; and
transmitting the command string in response to the request, and
a media client device to access the broadcast media item, for:
transmitting the request to access the broadcast media item to the media server;
receiving from the media server the command string;
decoding the command string to determine the broadcast parameters associated with the broadcast media item; and
controlling a tuner in response to the determined broadcast parameters to access the broadcast media item. | A particular implementation correlates a broadcast media item, which has a metadata element containing either a station call sign or channel number for a program, to a specific broadcast frequency and a virtual channel that a service provider broadcasts the program on. A command string is algorithmically defined to encode the frequency and physical channel, and is presented to the tuner hardware for locking onto and decoding the signal. A URL including the command string can then be generated. Consequently, a DLNA client device can engage a media renderer to play the broadcast media item through the exchange of a URL and a control interface.1. A method for controlling a media server adapted to be connected to a network, comprising:
receiving a request to access a broadcast media item; determining broadcast parameters for tuning to the broadcast media item; determining a command string representative of the broadcast parameters; and transmitting the command string in response to the request. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the network is a LAN and the receiving step comprises receiving the request from a media client device connected to the LAN, and the transmitting step comprises transmitting the command string to the media client device. 3. (canceled) 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the request includes at least a call sign and a channel number associated with a broadcast station. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the determining the command string comprises correlating the at least one of the call sign and the channel number with the broadcast parameters using a correlation table stored in the media server. 6-7. (canceled) 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the command string comprises a URL encoded with the broadcast parameters using an encoding algorithm that is known by devices connected to the network. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the command string comprises a Dbussend Locator string. 10. A method for controlling a media client device to access a broadcast media item, comprising:
transmitting a request to access the broadcast media item to a media server connected to a network; receiving from the media server a command string; decoding the command string to determine broadcast parameters associated with the broadcast media item; and controlling a tuner in response to the determined broadcast parameters to access the broadcast media item. 11. (canceled) 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the request includes at least one of a call sign and a channel number associated with a broadcast station. 13-14. (canceled) 15. The method according to claim 10, wherein the decoding step comprises determining the broadcast parameters using a correlation table stored in the media server. 16. The method according to claim 10, wherein the command string comprises a URL encoded with the broadcast parameters using an encoding algorithm that is known by devices connected to the network. 17. An apparatus, comprising:
a media server adapted to be connected to a network, for
receiving a request to access a broadcast media item;
determining broadcast parameters for tuning to the broadcast media item;
determining a command string representative of the broadcast parameters; and
transmitting the command string in response to the request. 18. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the network is a LAN and the media server receives the request from a media client device connected to the LAN, and the media server transmits the command string to the media client device. 19. (canceled) 20. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the request includes at least one of a call sign and a channel number associated with a broadcast station. 21. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the determining the command string comprises correlating the at least one of the call sign and the channel number with the broadcast parameters using a correlation table stored in the media server. 22. (canceled) 23. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the command string comprises a URL encoded with the broadcast parameters using an encoding algorithm that is known by devices connected to the network. 24. (canceled) 25. An apparatus, comprising:
a media client device to access a broadcast media item, for:
transmitting a request to access the broadcast media item to a media server connected to a network;
receiving from the media server a command string;
decoding the command string to determine broadcast parameters associated with the broadcast media item; and
controlling a tuner in response to the determined broadcast parameters to access the broadcast media item. 26. (canceled) 27. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein the request includes at least one of a call sign and a channel number associated with a broadcast station. 28-29. (canceled) 30. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein the decoding comprises determining the broadcast parameters using a correlation table stored in the media server. 31. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein the command string comprises a URL encoded with the broadcast parameters using an encoding algorithm that is known by devices connected to the network. 32. A system, comprising:
a media server adapted to be connected to a network, for
receiving a request to access a broadcast media item;
determining broadcast parameters for tuning to the broadcast media item;
determining a command string representative of the broadcast parameters; and
transmitting the command string in response to the request, and
a media client device to access the broadcast media item, for:
transmitting the request to access the broadcast media item to the media server;
receiving from the media server the command string;
decoding the command string to determine the broadcast parameters associated with the broadcast media item; and
controlling a tuner in response to the determined broadcast parameters to access the broadcast media item. | 2,400 |
9,553 | 9,553 | 15,699,327 | 2,486 | A system includes an optical sensor defining a field of view. The system includes a first transparent shield within the field of view. The system includes a second transparent shield movable between a first position and a second position, the first position being within the field of view and spaced from the first shield to define a gap therebetween, the second position being outside the field of view. The system includes a nozzle positioned to direct fluid into the gap. | 1. A system, comprising:
an optical sensor defining a field of view; a first transparent shield within the field of view; a second transparent shield movable between a first position and a second position, the first position being within the field of view and spaced from the first shield to define a gap therebetween, the second position being outside the field of view; and a nozzle positioned to direct fluid into the gap. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a second nozzle positioned to direct air into the gap. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the second shield includes a wiper movable between a first position where the wiper is spaced from the first shield and a second position where the wiper abuts the first shield. 4. The system of claim 3, further comprising a computer programmed to actuate the wiper between the first position and the second position. 5. The system of claim 3, wherein the wiper includes a bladder inflatable to an inflated position, and the wiper is in the second position when the bladder is in the inflated position. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the bladder is inflated with a hydraulic fluid. 7. The system of claim 1, further comprising a pump in communication with the nozzle. 8. The system of claim 7, further comprising a computer programmed to actuate the second shield to move from the second position to the first position and to actuate the pump while the second shield is in the first position. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the fluid is a liquid, and further comprising a reservoir in communication with the nozzle and positioned above the nozzle to provide the liquid to the nozzle via gravitational force. 10. The system of claim 1, further comprising a reservoir in communication with the nozzle, a valve positioned to control fluid flow from the reservoir to the nozzle, and a computer programmed to actuate the valve while the second shield is in the second position. 11. The system of claim 1, further comprising an electromagnetic device configured to move the second shield between the first position and the second position. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the sensor has a frame rate, and further comprising a computer programmed to actuate the second shield between the first position and the second position based on the frame rate. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein the first position is below the second position. 14. The system of claim 1, wherein the second shield includes a wiper that extends along the second transparent shield perpendicular to a direction of movement of the second shield between the first position and the second position. 15. The system of claim 1, further comprising a second nozzle positioned to direct air into the gap and an air intake in communication with the second nozzle. 16. The system of claim 15, further comprising a valve positioned to control air flow from the air intake to the second nozzle and a computer programmed to actuate the valve while the second shield is in the second position. 17. The system of claim 1, further comprising a second nozzle positioned to direct air into the gap and an air suspension system in communication with the second nozzle. 18. The system of claim 17, further comprising a computer programmed to actuate the air suspension system to provide air to the second nozzle while the second shield is in the second position. 19. The system of claim 1, further comprising a computer programmed to actuate the second shield to move between the first position and the second position based on a contamination risk to the first shield. 20. The system of claim 1, further comprising a user interface and a computer programmed to actuate the second shield to move between the first position and the second position based on an input to the user interface. | A system includes an optical sensor defining a field of view. The system includes a first transparent shield within the field of view. The system includes a second transparent shield movable between a first position and a second position, the first position being within the field of view and spaced from the first shield to define a gap therebetween, the second position being outside the field of view. The system includes a nozzle positioned to direct fluid into the gap.1. A system, comprising:
an optical sensor defining a field of view; a first transparent shield within the field of view; a second transparent shield movable between a first position and a second position, the first position being within the field of view and spaced from the first shield to define a gap therebetween, the second position being outside the field of view; and a nozzle positioned to direct fluid into the gap. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a second nozzle positioned to direct air into the gap. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the second shield includes a wiper movable between a first position where the wiper is spaced from the first shield and a second position where the wiper abuts the first shield. 4. The system of claim 3, further comprising a computer programmed to actuate the wiper between the first position and the second position. 5. The system of claim 3, wherein the wiper includes a bladder inflatable to an inflated position, and the wiper is in the second position when the bladder is in the inflated position. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the bladder is inflated with a hydraulic fluid. 7. The system of claim 1, further comprising a pump in communication with the nozzle. 8. The system of claim 7, further comprising a computer programmed to actuate the second shield to move from the second position to the first position and to actuate the pump while the second shield is in the first position. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the fluid is a liquid, and further comprising a reservoir in communication with the nozzle and positioned above the nozzle to provide the liquid to the nozzle via gravitational force. 10. The system of claim 1, further comprising a reservoir in communication with the nozzle, a valve positioned to control fluid flow from the reservoir to the nozzle, and a computer programmed to actuate the valve while the second shield is in the second position. 11. The system of claim 1, further comprising an electromagnetic device configured to move the second shield between the first position and the second position. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the sensor has a frame rate, and further comprising a computer programmed to actuate the second shield between the first position and the second position based on the frame rate. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein the first position is below the second position. 14. The system of claim 1, wherein the second shield includes a wiper that extends along the second transparent shield perpendicular to a direction of movement of the second shield between the first position and the second position. 15. The system of claim 1, further comprising a second nozzle positioned to direct air into the gap and an air intake in communication with the second nozzle. 16. The system of claim 15, further comprising a valve positioned to control air flow from the air intake to the second nozzle and a computer programmed to actuate the valve while the second shield is in the second position. 17. The system of claim 1, further comprising a second nozzle positioned to direct air into the gap and an air suspension system in communication with the second nozzle. 18. The system of claim 17, further comprising a computer programmed to actuate the air suspension system to provide air to the second nozzle while the second shield is in the second position. 19. The system of claim 1, further comprising a computer programmed to actuate the second shield to move between the first position and the second position based on a contamination risk to the first shield. 20. The system of claim 1, further comprising a user interface and a computer programmed to actuate the second shield to move between the first position and the second position based on an input to the user interface. | 2,400 |
9,554 | 9,554 | 15,215,494 | 2,492 | Systems, methods, and computer-readable storage media for determining threat mitigation policies and deploying tested security fixes. In some cases, the present technology involves gathering threat intelligence, identifying a security threat, identifying an application container that is affected by the security threat, determining a threat level for the security threat on the application container, applying a threat mitigation policy to the affected application container, spawning a clone of the affected application container, testing the clone with one or more security fixes, and deploying the clone of the affected container as a replacement for the affected container. | 1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
gathering, by a server in a distributed network of application containers, security threat intelligence; identifying, in the security threat intelligence, a security threat; automatically identifying an application container that is affected by the security threat; determining a threat level for the security threat on the application container; applying a threat mitigation policy on the affected application container based on the threat level; spawning a clone of the affected application container; testing one or more security fixes on the clone of the affected application container; and after the testing is successful, deploying the clone of the affected container as a replacement for the affected container. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein gathering threat intelligence further comprises one or more of: gathering external intelligence relating to an active exploit that affected another application container, processing a vulnerability report from a commercial vendor, processing a vulnerability report from a governmental organization, and analyzing local indicators of compromise. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein automatically identifying an application container that is affected by the security threat further comprises:
correlating the threat intelligence with local indicators of compromise to identify affected application containers. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
gathering information relating to the operating environment of the affected application container. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, further comprising: applying the information relating to the operating environment of the affected application container when determining a threat level for the security threat on the application container. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, further comprising applying the information relating to the operating environment of the affected application container to the clone of the affected application container, wherein testing one or more security fixes on the clone of the affected application container further comprises testing the clone of the application container in accordance with the information relating to the operating environment of the affected application container. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
after identifying a security threat, determining that a security patch is available for addressing the security threat; and deploying the security patch to the affected application container. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein applying a threat mitigation policy on the affected application container involves one or more of:
hardening an access policy for the affected application container, encrypting a database for the affected application container, suspending a service offered by the affected application container, and shutting down the affected application container. 9. A system in a distributed network of application containers comprising:
a processor; and a computer-readable storage medium having stored therein instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
gathering security threat intelligence;
identifying, in the security threat intelligence, a security threat;
automatically identifying an application container that is affected by the security threat;
determining a threat level for the security threat on the application container;
applying a threat mitigation policy on the affected application container based on the threat level;
spawning a clone of the affected application container;
testing one or more security fixes on the clone of the affected application container; and
after the testing is successful, deploying the clone of the affected container as a replacement for the affected container. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the instruction further cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
gathering information relating to the operating environment of the affected application container. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the instruction further cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
applying the information relating to the operating environment of the affected application container when determining a threat level for the security threat on the application container. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the instruction further cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
applying the information relating to the operating environment of the affected application container to the clone of the affected application container, wherein testing one or more security fixes on the clone of the affected application container further comprises testing the clone of the application container in accordance with the information relating to the operating environment of the affected application container. 13. The system of claim 9, wherein applying a threat mitigation policy on the affected application container involves one or more of: hardening an access policy for the affected application container, encrypting a database for the affected application container, suspending a service offered by the affected application container, and shutting down the affected application container. 14. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored therein instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising
gathering security threat intelligence; identifying, in the security threat intelligence, a security threat; automatically identifying an application container that is affected by the security threat; determining a threat level for the security threat on the application container; applying a threat mitigation policy on the affected application container based on the threat level; spawning a clone of the affected application container; testing one or more security fixes on the clone of the affected application container; and after the testing is successful, deploying the clone of the affected container as a replacement for the affected container. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the instruction further cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
gathering information relating to the operating environment of the affected application container. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the instruction further cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
applying the information relating to the operating environment of the affected application container when determining a threat level for the security threat on the application container. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the instruction further cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
applying the information relating to the operating environment of the affected application container to the clone of the affected application container, wherein testing one or more security fixes on the clone of the affected application container further comprises testing the clone of the application container in accordance with the information relating to the operating environment of the affected application container. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein applying a threat mitigation policy on the affected application container involves one or more of: hardening an access policy for the affected application container, encrypting a database for the affected application container, suspending a service offered by the affected application container, and shutting down the affected application container. 19. A computer-implemented method comprising:
identifying a security threat for an application container; spawning a clone of the affected application container; testing one or more security fixes on the clone of the affected application container; and deploying the clone of the affected container as a replacement for the affected container. 20. A computer-implemented method comprising:
gathering threat intelligence; correlating the threat intelligence to identify a security threat; automatically identifying an application container that is affected by the security threat; determining a threat level for the security threat on the application container; applying a threat mitigation policy on the affected application container based on the threat level. | Systems, methods, and computer-readable storage media for determining threat mitigation policies and deploying tested security fixes. In some cases, the present technology involves gathering threat intelligence, identifying a security threat, identifying an application container that is affected by the security threat, determining a threat level for the security threat on the application container, applying a threat mitigation policy to the affected application container, spawning a clone of the affected application container, testing the clone with one or more security fixes, and deploying the clone of the affected container as a replacement for the affected container.1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
gathering, by a server in a distributed network of application containers, security threat intelligence; identifying, in the security threat intelligence, a security threat; automatically identifying an application container that is affected by the security threat; determining a threat level for the security threat on the application container; applying a threat mitigation policy on the affected application container based on the threat level; spawning a clone of the affected application container; testing one or more security fixes on the clone of the affected application container; and after the testing is successful, deploying the clone of the affected container as a replacement for the affected container. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein gathering threat intelligence further comprises one or more of: gathering external intelligence relating to an active exploit that affected another application container, processing a vulnerability report from a commercial vendor, processing a vulnerability report from a governmental organization, and analyzing local indicators of compromise. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein automatically identifying an application container that is affected by the security threat further comprises:
correlating the threat intelligence with local indicators of compromise to identify affected application containers. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
gathering information relating to the operating environment of the affected application container. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, further comprising: applying the information relating to the operating environment of the affected application container when determining a threat level for the security threat on the application container. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, further comprising applying the information relating to the operating environment of the affected application container to the clone of the affected application container, wherein testing one or more security fixes on the clone of the affected application container further comprises testing the clone of the application container in accordance with the information relating to the operating environment of the affected application container. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
after identifying a security threat, determining that a security patch is available for addressing the security threat; and deploying the security patch to the affected application container. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein applying a threat mitigation policy on the affected application container involves one or more of:
hardening an access policy for the affected application container, encrypting a database for the affected application container, suspending a service offered by the affected application container, and shutting down the affected application container. 9. A system in a distributed network of application containers comprising:
a processor; and a computer-readable storage medium having stored therein instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
gathering security threat intelligence;
identifying, in the security threat intelligence, a security threat;
automatically identifying an application container that is affected by the security threat;
determining a threat level for the security threat on the application container;
applying a threat mitigation policy on the affected application container based on the threat level;
spawning a clone of the affected application container;
testing one or more security fixes on the clone of the affected application container; and
after the testing is successful, deploying the clone of the affected container as a replacement for the affected container. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the instruction further cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
gathering information relating to the operating environment of the affected application container. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the instruction further cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
applying the information relating to the operating environment of the affected application container when determining a threat level for the security threat on the application container. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the instruction further cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
applying the information relating to the operating environment of the affected application container to the clone of the affected application container, wherein testing one or more security fixes on the clone of the affected application container further comprises testing the clone of the application container in accordance with the information relating to the operating environment of the affected application container. 13. The system of claim 9, wherein applying a threat mitigation policy on the affected application container involves one or more of: hardening an access policy for the affected application container, encrypting a database for the affected application container, suspending a service offered by the affected application container, and shutting down the affected application container. 14. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored therein instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising
gathering security threat intelligence; identifying, in the security threat intelligence, a security threat; automatically identifying an application container that is affected by the security threat; determining a threat level for the security threat on the application container; applying a threat mitigation policy on the affected application container based on the threat level; spawning a clone of the affected application container; testing one or more security fixes on the clone of the affected application container; and after the testing is successful, deploying the clone of the affected container as a replacement for the affected container. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the instruction further cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
gathering information relating to the operating environment of the affected application container. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the instruction further cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
applying the information relating to the operating environment of the affected application container when determining a threat level for the security threat on the application container. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the instruction further cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
applying the information relating to the operating environment of the affected application container to the clone of the affected application container, wherein testing one or more security fixes on the clone of the affected application container further comprises testing the clone of the application container in accordance with the information relating to the operating environment of the affected application container. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein applying a threat mitigation policy on the affected application container involves one or more of: hardening an access policy for the affected application container, encrypting a database for the affected application container, suspending a service offered by the affected application container, and shutting down the affected application container. 19. A computer-implemented method comprising:
identifying a security threat for an application container; spawning a clone of the affected application container; testing one or more security fixes on the clone of the affected application container; and deploying the clone of the affected container as a replacement for the affected container. 20. A computer-implemented method comprising:
gathering threat intelligence; correlating the threat intelligence to identify a security threat; automatically identifying an application container that is affected by the security threat; determining a threat level for the security threat on the application container; applying a threat mitigation policy on the affected application container based on the threat level. | 2,400 |
9,555 | 9,555 | 16,775,157 | 2,439 | Methods, system, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media for data processing are provided. One of the methods includes: establishing a logic contract of a blockchain and one or more data contracts corresponding to the logic contract; deploying the logic contract and the one or more data contracts in the blockchain; storing data of a target block in the blockchain into the one or more data contracts; computing a hash value of each of the one or more data contracts; and determining a hash value of the target block in the blockchain based on the hash value of each of the one or more data contracts. | 1. A method, comprising:
separating a smart contract into a logic contract and a plurality of data contracts; deploying the logic contract and the plurality of data contracts on a blockchain; storing data of a first block of the blockchain in the plurality of data contracts; determining whether a volume of data contracts on the blockchain has reached a threshold; in response to determining that the volume has reached the threshold, deploying an additional data contract on the blockchain; and in response to determining that the volume has not reached the threshold, after storing the data, computing a hash value of each of the plurality of data contracts; and determining a hash value of the first block based on the hash value of each of the plurality of data contracts. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing the data of the first block in the additional data contract; and after storing the data of the first block in the additional data contract, computing a hash value of the additional data contract, wherein the hash value of the first block is determined based on the hash value of each of the plurality of data contracts and the hash value of the additional data contract. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising: concatenating the hash values of the plurality of data contracts and the hash value of the additional data contract to form a concatenated value, wherein determining the hash value of the first block comprises applying a hash function to the concatenated value. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
computing a hash value of the logic contract; and concatenating the hash values of the plurality of data contracts, the hash value of the additional data contract, and the hash value of the logic contract to form a concatenated value, wherein determining the hash value of the first block comprises applying a hash function to the concatenated value. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
computing a hash value of the logic contract; and concatenating the hash values of the plurality of data contracts and the hash value of the logic contract to form a concatenated value, wherein determining the hash value of the first block comprises applying a hash function to the concatenated value. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising: concatenating the hash values of the plurality of data contracts to form a concatenated value, wherein determining the hash value of the first block comprises applying a hash function to the concatenated value. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the blockchain comprises a second block preceding the first block, wherein the data of the first block comprises a hash value of the second block. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein storing the data of the first block comprises: uniformly distributing and storing the data of the first block in the plurality of data contracts. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein computing the hash value of each of the plurality of data contracts comprises: computing the plurality of hash values in parallel. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein computing the hash value of each of the plurality of data contracts comprises: performing a Merkle tree hash computation on each of the plurality of data contracts. 11. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform a method comprising:
separating a smart contract into a logic contract and a plurality of data contracts; deploying the logic contract and the plurality of data contracts on a blockchain; storing data of a first block of the blockchain in the plurality of data contracts; determining whether a volume of data contracts on the blockchain has reached a threshold; in response to determining that the volume has reached the threshold, deploying an additional data contract on the blockchain; and in response to determining that the volume has not reached the threshold, after storing the data, computing a hash value of each of the plurality of data contracts; and determining a hash value of the first block based on the hash value of each of the plurality of data contracts. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein the method further comprises:
storing the data of the first block in the additional data contract; and after storing the data of the first block in the additional data contract, computing a hash value of the additional data contract, wherein the hash value of the first block is determined based on the hash value of each of the plurality of data contracts and the hash value of the additional data contract. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the method further comprises: concatenating the hash values of the plurality of data contracts and the hash value of the additional data contract to form a concatenated value, wherein determining the hash value of the first block comprises applying a hash function to the concatenated value. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the method further comprises:
computing a hash value of the logic contract; and concatenating the hash values of the plurality of data contracts, the hash value of the additional data contract, and the hash value of the logic contract to form a concatenated value, wherein determining the hash value of the first block comprises applying a hash function to the concatenated value. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein the method further comprises:
computing a hash value of the logic contract; and concatenating the hash values of the plurality of data contracts and the hash value of the logic contract to form a concatenated value, wherein determining the hash value of the first block comprises applying a hash function to the concatenated value. 16. A system, comprising:
a processor; and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform a method comprising:
separating a smart contract into a logic contract and a plurality of data contracts;
deploying the logic contract and the plurality of data contracts on a blockchain;
storing data of a first block of the blockchain in the plurality of data contracts;
determining whether a volume of data contracts on the blockchain has reached a threshold;
in response to determining that the volume has reached the threshold, deploying an additional data contract on the blockchain; and
in response to determining that the volume has not reached the threshold, after storing the data, computing a hash value of each of the plurality of data contracts; and determining a hash value of the first block based on the hash value of each of the plurality of data contracts. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the method further comprises:
storing the data of the first block in the additional data contract; and after storing the data of the first block in the additional data contract, computing a hash value of the additional data contract, wherein the hash value of the first block is determined based on the hash value of each of the plurality of data contracts and the hash value of the additional data contract. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the method further comprises: concatenating the hash values of the plurality of data contracts and the hash value of the additional data contract to form a concatenated value, wherein determining the hash value of the first block comprises applying a hash function to the concatenated value. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the method further comprises:
computing a hash value of the logic contract; and concatenating the hash values of the plurality of data contracts, the hash value of the additional data contract, and the hash value of the logic contract to form a concatenated value, wherein determining the hash value of the first block comprises applying a hash function to the concatenated value. 20. The system of claim 16, wherein the method further comprises:
computing a hash value of the logic contract; and concatenating the hash values of the plurality of data contracts and the hash value of the logic contract to form a concatenated value, wherein determining the hash value of the first block comprises applying a hash function to the concatenated value. | Methods, system, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media for data processing are provided. One of the methods includes: establishing a logic contract of a blockchain and one or more data contracts corresponding to the logic contract; deploying the logic contract and the one or more data contracts in the blockchain; storing data of a target block in the blockchain into the one or more data contracts; computing a hash value of each of the one or more data contracts; and determining a hash value of the target block in the blockchain based on the hash value of each of the one or more data contracts.1. A method, comprising:
separating a smart contract into a logic contract and a plurality of data contracts; deploying the logic contract and the plurality of data contracts on a blockchain; storing data of a first block of the blockchain in the plurality of data contracts; determining whether a volume of data contracts on the blockchain has reached a threshold; in response to determining that the volume has reached the threshold, deploying an additional data contract on the blockchain; and in response to determining that the volume has not reached the threshold, after storing the data, computing a hash value of each of the plurality of data contracts; and determining a hash value of the first block based on the hash value of each of the plurality of data contracts. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing the data of the first block in the additional data contract; and after storing the data of the first block in the additional data contract, computing a hash value of the additional data contract, wherein the hash value of the first block is determined based on the hash value of each of the plurality of data contracts and the hash value of the additional data contract. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising: concatenating the hash values of the plurality of data contracts and the hash value of the additional data contract to form a concatenated value, wherein determining the hash value of the first block comprises applying a hash function to the concatenated value. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
computing a hash value of the logic contract; and concatenating the hash values of the plurality of data contracts, the hash value of the additional data contract, and the hash value of the logic contract to form a concatenated value, wherein determining the hash value of the first block comprises applying a hash function to the concatenated value. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
computing a hash value of the logic contract; and concatenating the hash values of the plurality of data contracts and the hash value of the logic contract to form a concatenated value, wherein determining the hash value of the first block comprises applying a hash function to the concatenated value. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising: concatenating the hash values of the plurality of data contracts to form a concatenated value, wherein determining the hash value of the first block comprises applying a hash function to the concatenated value. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the blockchain comprises a second block preceding the first block, wherein the data of the first block comprises a hash value of the second block. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein storing the data of the first block comprises: uniformly distributing and storing the data of the first block in the plurality of data contracts. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein computing the hash value of each of the plurality of data contracts comprises: computing the plurality of hash values in parallel. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein computing the hash value of each of the plurality of data contracts comprises: performing a Merkle tree hash computation on each of the plurality of data contracts. 11. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform a method comprising:
separating a smart contract into a logic contract and a plurality of data contracts; deploying the logic contract and the plurality of data contracts on a blockchain; storing data of a first block of the blockchain in the plurality of data contracts; determining whether a volume of data contracts on the blockchain has reached a threshold; in response to determining that the volume has reached the threshold, deploying an additional data contract on the blockchain; and in response to determining that the volume has not reached the threshold, after storing the data, computing a hash value of each of the plurality of data contracts; and determining a hash value of the first block based on the hash value of each of the plurality of data contracts. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein the method further comprises:
storing the data of the first block in the additional data contract; and after storing the data of the first block in the additional data contract, computing a hash value of the additional data contract, wherein the hash value of the first block is determined based on the hash value of each of the plurality of data contracts and the hash value of the additional data contract. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the method further comprises: concatenating the hash values of the plurality of data contracts and the hash value of the additional data contract to form a concatenated value, wherein determining the hash value of the first block comprises applying a hash function to the concatenated value. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the method further comprises:
computing a hash value of the logic contract; and concatenating the hash values of the plurality of data contracts, the hash value of the additional data contract, and the hash value of the logic contract to form a concatenated value, wherein determining the hash value of the first block comprises applying a hash function to the concatenated value. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein the method further comprises:
computing a hash value of the logic contract; and concatenating the hash values of the plurality of data contracts and the hash value of the logic contract to form a concatenated value, wherein determining the hash value of the first block comprises applying a hash function to the concatenated value. 16. A system, comprising:
a processor; and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform a method comprising:
separating a smart contract into a logic contract and a plurality of data contracts;
deploying the logic contract and the plurality of data contracts on a blockchain;
storing data of a first block of the blockchain in the plurality of data contracts;
determining whether a volume of data contracts on the blockchain has reached a threshold;
in response to determining that the volume has reached the threshold, deploying an additional data contract on the blockchain; and
in response to determining that the volume has not reached the threshold, after storing the data, computing a hash value of each of the plurality of data contracts; and determining a hash value of the first block based on the hash value of each of the plurality of data contracts. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the method further comprises:
storing the data of the first block in the additional data contract; and after storing the data of the first block in the additional data contract, computing a hash value of the additional data contract, wherein the hash value of the first block is determined based on the hash value of each of the plurality of data contracts and the hash value of the additional data contract. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the method further comprises: concatenating the hash values of the plurality of data contracts and the hash value of the additional data contract to form a concatenated value, wherein determining the hash value of the first block comprises applying a hash function to the concatenated value. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the method further comprises:
computing a hash value of the logic contract; and concatenating the hash values of the plurality of data contracts, the hash value of the additional data contract, and the hash value of the logic contract to form a concatenated value, wherein determining the hash value of the first block comprises applying a hash function to the concatenated value. 20. The system of claim 16, wherein the method further comprises:
computing a hash value of the logic contract; and concatenating the hash values of the plurality of data contracts and the hash value of the logic contract to form a concatenated value, wherein determining the hash value of the first block comprises applying a hash function to the concatenated value. | 2,400 |
9,556 | 9,556 | 15,605,415 | 2,424 | An analyzer resource monitors content access information indicating availability of different types of content available to multiple subscribers over a shared communication link. To facilitate selection of content by respective subscribers, the analyzer resource sorts the available content into different classes (genres) based on a respective subject matter of the corresponding available content. The analyzer resource produces a listing of the different classes (genres) of available content. Subscribers select and/or customize genre-based feeds to store content in a repository for later retrieval. | 1. A method comprising:
monitoring an availability of content to multiple subscribers, the content available over a shared communication link in a network; sorting the available content into different classes based on a respective subject matter of the content; and producing a respective accessible content feed for each of the different classes of available content, each respective content feed indicating availability of content falling within a corresponding class to which the respective content feed pertains. 2. The method as in claim 1 further comprising:
as specified by input from a subscriber selecting a particular content feed amongst multiple content feeds, initiating storage of content as specified by the particular content feed in storage hardware for later retrieval. 3. The method as in claim 2, wherein the storage hardware is remotely located with respect to a subscriber domain of a cable network environment in which the subscriber resides. 4. The method as in claim 1 further comprising:
displaying a first content feed, the first content feed displaying an identity of first content and an identity of second content falling within a first class to which the first content feed pertains; and
displaying a second content feed, the second content feed displaying an identity of third content and an identity of fourth content falling within a second class to which the second content feed pertains. 5. The method as in claim 4 further comprising:
receiving selection of the first content in the first content feed;
providing an indication that the first content has been selected for recording;
receiving selection of the second content in the first content feed; and
providing an indication that the second content has been selected for recording. 6. The method as in claim 5 further comprising:
displaying an indication that at least one identity of content in the first content feed has not been selected for recording. 7. The method as in claim 1, wherein monitoring the availability of content in the network includes: identifying different types of content available to multiple subscriber domains over the shared communication link; and
wherein sorting the available content includes: sorting the different types of content into the different classes. 8. The method as in claim 1, wherein monitoring availability of the content in the network includes: analyzing content guide information indicating content available for selective retrieval by each of the subscribers over the shared communication link. 9. The method as in claim 1 further comprising:
creating multiple levels of content feeds for a given class of the different classes in accordance with multiple available subscription levels, each of the multiple levels of content feeds providing notification of different content available to subscribers over the shared communication link. 10. The method as in claim 1 further comprising:
displaying attributes of a first content feed, the first content feed displaying a first set of symbols indicating identities of multiple different content available in a first genre; and
displaying attributes of a second content feed, the second content feed displaying a second set of symbols indicating identities of multiple different content available in a second genre. 11. An apparatus comprising:
a content management resource including computer processor hardware, the content management resource operable to:
monitor an availability of content to multiple subscribers, the content available over a shared communication link in a network;
sort the available content into different classes based on a respective subject matter of the content; and
produce a respective accessible content feed for each of the different classes of available content, each respective content feed indicating availability of content falling within a corresponding class to which the respective content feed pertains. 12. The apparatus as in claim 11, wherein the content management resource is further operable to:
as specified by input from a subscriber selecting a particular content feed amongst multiple content feeds, initiate storage of content as specified by the particular content feed in storage hardware for later retrieval. 13. The apparatus as in claim 12, wherein the storage hardware is remotely located with respect to a subscriber domain of a cable network environment in which the subscriber resides. 14. The apparatus as in claim 11, wherein the content management resource is further operable to:
display a first content feed, the first content feed displaying an identity of first content and an identity of second content falling within a first class to which the first content feed pertains; and display a second content feed, the second content feed displaying an identity of third content and an identity of fourth content falling within a second class to which the second content feed pertains. 15. The apparatus as in claim 14, wherein the content management resource is further operable to:
receive selection of the first content in the first content feed; provide an indication that the first content has been selected for recording; receive selection of the second content in the first content feed; provide an indication that the second content has been selected for recording. 16. The apparatus as in claim 15, wherein the content management resource is further operable to:
display an indication that at least one identity of content in the first content feed has not been selected for recording. 17. The apparatus as in claim 11, wherein the content management resource is further operable to:
identify different types of content available to multiple subscriber domains over the shared communication link; and sort the different types of content into the different classes. 18. The apparatus as in claim 11, wherein the content management resource is further operable to:
analyze content guide information indicating content available for selective retrieval by each of the subscribers over the shared communication link. 19. The apparatus as in claim 11, wherein the content management resource is further operable to:
create multiple levels of content feeds for a given class of the different classes in accordance with multiple available subscription levels, each of the multiple levels of content feeds providing notification of different content available to subscribers over the shared communication link. 20. The apparatus as in claim 11, wherein the content management resource is further operable to:
display attributes of a first content feed, the first content feed displaying a first set of symbols indicating identities of multiple different content available in a first genre; and display attributes of a second content feed, the second content feed displaying a second set of symbols indicating identities of multiple different content available in a second genre. 21. Computer-readable hardware storage having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when carried out by computer processor hardware, cause the computer processor hardware to:
monitor an availability of content to multiple subscribers, the content available over a shared communication link in a network; sort the available content into different classes based on a respective subject matter of the content; and produce a respective accessible content feed for each of the different classes of available content, each respective content feed indicating availability of content falling within a corresponding class to which the respective content feed pertains. | An analyzer resource monitors content access information indicating availability of different types of content available to multiple subscribers over a shared communication link. To facilitate selection of content by respective subscribers, the analyzer resource sorts the available content into different classes (genres) based on a respective subject matter of the corresponding available content. The analyzer resource produces a listing of the different classes (genres) of available content. Subscribers select and/or customize genre-based feeds to store content in a repository for later retrieval.1. A method comprising:
monitoring an availability of content to multiple subscribers, the content available over a shared communication link in a network; sorting the available content into different classes based on a respective subject matter of the content; and producing a respective accessible content feed for each of the different classes of available content, each respective content feed indicating availability of content falling within a corresponding class to which the respective content feed pertains. 2. The method as in claim 1 further comprising:
as specified by input from a subscriber selecting a particular content feed amongst multiple content feeds, initiating storage of content as specified by the particular content feed in storage hardware for later retrieval. 3. The method as in claim 2, wherein the storage hardware is remotely located with respect to a subscriber domain of a cable network environment in which the subscriber resides. 4. The method as in claim 1 further comprising:
displaying a first content feed, the first content feed displaying an identity of first content and an identity of second content falling within a first class to which the first content feed pertains; and
displaying a second content feed, the second content feed displaying an identity of third content and an identity of fourth content falling within a second class to which the second content feed pertains. 5. The method as in claim 4 further comprising:
receiving selection of the first content in the first content feed;
providing an indication that the first content has been selected for recording;
receiving selection of the second content in the first content feed; and
providing an indication that the second content has been selected for recording. 6. The method as in claim 5 further comprising:
displaying an indication that at least one identity of content in the first content feed has not been selected for recording. 7. The method as in claim 1, wherein monitoring the availability of content in the network includes: identifying different types of content available to multiple subscriber domains over the shared communication link; and
wherein sorting the available content includes: sorting the different types of content into the different classes. 8. The method as in claim 1, wherein monitoring availability of the content in the network includes: analyzing content guide information indicating content available for selective retrieval by each of the subscribers over the shared communication link. 9. The method as in claim 1 further comprising:
creating multiple levels of content feeds for a given class of the different classes in accordance with multiple available subscription levels, each of the multiple levels of content feeds providing notification of different content available to subscribers over the shared communication link. 10. The method as in claim 1 further comprising:
displaying attributes of a first content feed, the first content feed displaying a first set of symbols indicating identities of multiple different content available in a first genre; and
displaying attributes of a second content feed, the second content feed displaying a second set of symbols indicating identities of multiple different content available in a second genre. 11. An apparatus comprising:
a content management resource including computer processor hardware, the content management resource operable to:
monitor an availability of content to multiple subscribers, the content available over a shared communication link in a network;
sort the available content into different classes based on a respective subject matter of the content; and
produce a respective accessible content feed for each of the different classes of available content, each respective content feed indicating availability of content falling within a corresponding class to which the respective content feed pertains. 12. The apparatus as in claim 11, wherein the content management resource is further operable to:
as specified by input from a subscriber selecting a particular content feed amongst multiple content feeds, initiate storage of content as specified by the particular content feed in storage hardware for later retrieval. 13. The apparatus as in claim 12, wherein the storage hardware is remotely located with respect to a subscriber domain of a cable network environment in which the subscriber resides. 14. The apparatus as in claim 11, wherein the content management resource is further operable to:
display a first content feed, the first content feed displaying an identity of first content and an identity of second content falling within a first class to which the first content feed pertains; and display a second content feed, the second content feed displaying an identity of third content and an identity of fourth content falling within a second class to which the second content feed pertains. 15. The apparatus as in claim 14, wherein the content management resource is further operable to:
receive selection of the first content in the first content feed; provide an indication that the first content has been selected for recording; receive selection of the second content in the first content feed; provide an indication that the second content has been selected for recording. 16. The apparatus as in claim 15, wherein the content management resource is further operable to:
display an indication that at least one identity of content in the first content feed has not been selected for recording. 17. The apparatus as in claim 11, wherein the content management resource is further operable to:
identify different types of content available to multiple subscriber domains over the shared communication link; and sort the different types of content into the different classes. 18. The apparatus as in claim 11, wherein the content management resource is further operable to:
analyze content guide information indicating content available for selective retrieval by each of the subscribers over the shared communication link. 19. The apparatus as in claim 11, wherein the content management resource is further operable to:
create multiple levels of content feeds for a given class of the different classes in accordance with multiple available subscription levels, each of the multiple levels of content feeds providing notification of different content available to subscribers over the shared communication link. 20. The apparatus as in claim 11, wherein the content management resource is further operable to:
display attributes of a first content feed, the first content feed displaying a first set of symbols indicating identities of multiple different content available in a first genre; and display attributes of a second content feed, the second content feed displaying a second set of symbols indicating identities of multiple different content available in a second genre. 21. Computer-readable hardware storage having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when carried out by computer processor hardware, cause the computer processor hardware to:
monitor an availability of content to multiple subscribers, the content available over a shared communication link in a network; sort the available content into different classes based on a respective subject matter of the content; and produce a respective accessible content feed for each of the different classes of available content, each respective content feed indicating availability of content falling within a corresponding class to which the respective content feed pertains. | 2,400 |
9,557 | 9,557 | 15,777,478 | 2,457 | In anticipation of a client device establishing a connection over a network with a remote host service, a pre-connect module generates a connection request (referred to herein as a “pre-connect request”) on behalf of the client device and sends the pre-connect request to the remote host server. The remote server responds with a connection response (referred to herein as a “pre-connect response”), which is pre-positioned on the client-side of the network along with information for generating a later connection request that is in material respects the same as the pre-connect request. Then, when the client device later seeks to establish a connection with the remote host server, the client device determines whether it has in local storage generation information for generating a connection request to the remote host server. If so, the client device uses the generation information to generate a connection request that is in material respects the same as the pre-connect request. An interceptor on the client-side of the network intercepts connection requests and determines whether a corresponding pre-connect response is locally stored. If so, the interceptor sends the locally stored pre-connect response as a complete response to the intercepted request, which can be discarded. | 1. A method of accelerating setup of a persistent connection over a network between a client device and a remote host server, where establishing the connection requires a connection request by the client device and a corresponding connection response by the remote host server, the method comprising:
generating, by a pre-connect module on a server-side of the network, a pre-connect request on behalf of the client device; sending the pre-connect request to the remote host server; receiving, at the pre-connect module, a pre-connect response from the remote host server in response to the pre-connect request; and prepositioning the pre-connect response on a client-side of the network. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the pre-connect request mimics an actual connection request by the client device. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein:
the pre-connect request comprises an identifier identifying the client device as the requestor, and the pre-connect response is addressed to the client device. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the pre-connect request is a request for a secure connection with the remote host server. 5. The method of claim 3 further comprising sending to the client-side of the network generation information indicating how to generate the pre-connect request. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the prepositioning is performed before receiving, at the pre-connect module, an actual connection request generated by the client device for a connection with the remote host server. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the network includes a satellite link between the client device and the remote host server. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein generating a pre-connect request is performed in response to a trigger indicating that the client device is expected to execute a network transaction comprising fetching a resource from the remote host server. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein:
the client device comprises a web browser, the network transaction comprises the web browser rendering a web page, and the web page comprises an instruction to fetch the resource from the remote host server. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein:
the web page is stored on a web server located on the server side of the network, and the host server is different than the web server. 11. A method of accelerating setup of a persistent connection over a network between a client device and a remote host server, where establishing the connection requires a connection request by the client device and a corresponding connection response by the remote host server, the method comprising:
intercepting, by an interceptor module on a client-side of the network, a connection request generated by the client device for a connection with the remote host server; determining, by the interceptor module, whether a pre-connect response from the remote host server is stored on the client-side of the network and corresponds to the intercepted connection request; and if the determining is affirmative, providing the pre-connect response to the client device as a complete response to the intercepted connection request. 12. The method of claim 11 further comprising, if the determining is negative, forwarding the intercepted connection request over the network to the remote host server. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein if the determining is affirmative, discarding the intercepted connection request. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the determining is affirmative if a source of the pre-connect response and a destination of the intercepted connection request are both the remote host server. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the determining is affirmative if:
a source network address of the pre-connect response and a destination network address of the intercepted connection request are a network address of the remote host server; and a socket associated with the source network address of the pre-connect response matches a socket associated with the destination network address in the intercepted connection request. 16. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
generating, by the client device, the connection request; and
sending, by the client device, the connection request addressed to the remote host server. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the connection request is a request for a secure connection with the remote host server. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the network includes a satellite link between the client device and the remote host server. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein:
the client device comprises a web browser, the network transaction comprises the browser rendering a web page, and the web page comprises an instruction to fetch the resource from the remote host server. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein:
the web page is stored on a web server located on a host server side of the network, and the remote host server is different than the web server. 21. An apparatus, disposed on a server-side of a communications network, for accelerating setup of a persistent connection over the network between a client device and a remote host server, where establishing the connection requires a connection request by the client device and a corresponding connection response by the remote host server, the apparatus comprising:
processor circuitry; and digital storage having stored therein non-transient instructions that cause the processor circuitry to perform a method comprising:
generating a pre-connect request on behalf of the client device;
sending the pre-connect request to the remote host server;
receiving a pre-connect response from the remote host server in response to the pre-connect request; and
prepositioning the pre-connect response on a client-side of the network. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the pre-connect request mimics an actual connection request by the client device. 23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein:
the pre-connect request comprises an identifier identifying the client device as the requestor, and the pre-connect response is addressed to the client device. 24. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the pre-connect request is a request for a secure connection with the remote host server. 25. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the method further comprises sending to the client-side of the network generation information indicating how to generate the pre-connect request. 26. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the prepositioning is performed before receiving an actual connection request generated by the client device for a connection with the remote host server. 27. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the network includes a satellite link between the client device and the remote host server. 28. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein generating a pre-connect request is performed in response to a trigger indicating that the client device is expected to execute a network transaction comprising fetching a resource from the remote host server. 29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein:
the client device comprises a web browser, the network transaction comprises the web browser rendering a web page, and the web page comprises an instruction to fetch the resource from the remote host server. 30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein:
the web page is stored on a web server located on the server side of the network, and the host server is different than the web server. 31. An apparatus, disposed on a client-side of a communications network, for accelerating setup of a persistent connection over the network between a client device and a remote host server, where establishing the connection requires a connection request by the client device and a corresponding connection response by the remote host server, the apparatus comprising:
processor circuitry; and digital storage having stored therein non-transient instructions that cause the processor circuitry to perform a method comprising:
intercepting a connection request generated by the client device for a connection with the remote host server;
determining whether a pre-connect response from the remote host server is stored on the client-side of the network and corresponds to the intercepted connection request; and
if the determining is affirmative, providing the pre-connect response to the client device as a complete response to the intercepted connection request. 32. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the method further comprises, if the determining is negative, forwarding the intercepted connection request over the network to the remote host server. 33. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the method further comprises, if the determining is affirmative, discarding the intercepted connection request. 34. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the determining is affirmative if a source of the pre-connect response and a destination of the intercepted connection request are both the remote host server. 35. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the determining is affirmative if:
a source network address of the pre-connect response and a destination network address of the intercepted connection request are a network address of the remote host server; and a socket associated with the source network address of the pre-connect response matches a socket associated with the destination network address in the intercepted connection request. 36. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the method further comprises:
generating, by the client device, the connection request; and sending, by the client device, the connection request addressed to the remote host server. 37. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the connection request is a request for a secure connection with the remote host server. 38. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the network includes a satellite link between the client device and the remote host server. 39. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein:
the client device comprises a web browser, the network transaction comprises the browser rendering a web page, and the web page comprises an instruction to fetch the resource from the remote host server. 40. The apparatus of claim 39, wherein:
the web page is stored on a web server located on a host server side of the network, and
the remote host server is different than the web server. | In anticipation of a client device establishing a connection over a network with a remote host service, a pre-connect module generates a connection request (referred to herein as a “pre-connect request”) on behalf of the client device and sends the pre-connect request to the remote host server. The remote server responds with a connection response (referred to herein as a “pre-connect response”), which is pre-positioned on the client-side of the network along with information for generating a later connection request that is in material respects the same as the pre-connect request. Then, when the client device later seeks to establish a connection with the remote host server, the client device determines whether it has in local storage generation information for generating a connection request to the remote host server. If so, the client device uses the generation information to generate a connection request that is in material respects the same as the pre-connect request. An interceptor on the client-side of the network intercepts connection requests and determines whether a corresponding pre-connect response is locally stored. If so, the interceptor sends the locally stored pre-connect response as a complete response to the intercepted request, which can be discarded.1. A method of accelerating setup of a persistent connection over a network between a client device and a remote host server, where establishing the connection requires a connection request by the client device and a corresponding connection response by the remote host server, the method comprising:
generating, by a pre-connect module on a server-side of the network, a pre-connect request on behalf of the client device; sending the pre-connect request to the remote host server; receiving, at the pre-connect module, a pre-connect response from the remote host server in response to the pre-connect request; and prepositioning the pre-connect response on a client-side of the network. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the pre-connect request mimics an actual connection request by the client device. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein:
the pre-connect request comprises an identifier identifying the client device as the requestor, and the pre-connect response is addressed to the client device. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the pre-connect request is a request for a secure connection with the remote host server. 5. The method of claim 3 further comprising sending to the client-side of the network generation information indicating how to generate the pre-connect request. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the prepositioning is performed before receiving, at the pre-connect module, an actual connection request generated by the client device for a connection with the remote host server. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the network includes a satellite link between the client device and the remote host server. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein generating a pre-connect request is performed in response to a trigger indicating that the client device is expected to execute a network transaction comprising fetching a resource from the remote host server. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein:
the client device comprises a web browser, the network transaction comprises the web browser rendering a web page, and the web page comprises an instruction to fetch the resource from the remote host server. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein:
the web page is stored on a web server located on the server side of the network, and the host server is different than the web server. 11. A method of accelerating setup of a persistent connection over a network between a client device and a remote host server, where establishing the connection requires a connection request by the client device and a corresponding connection response by the remote host server, the method comprising:
intercepting, by an interceptor module on a client-side of the network, a connection request generated by the client device for a connection with the remote host server; determining, by the interceptor module, whether a pre-connect response from the remote host server is stored on the client-side of the network and corresponds to the intercepted connection request; and if the determining is affirmative, providing the pre-connect response to the client device as a complete response to the intercepted connection request. 12. The method of claim 11 further comprising, if the determining is negative, forwarding the intercepted connection request over the network to the remote host server. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein if the determining is affirmative, discarding the intercepted connection request. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the determining is affirmative if a source of the pre-connect response and a destination of the intercepted connection request are both the remote host server. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the determining is affirmative if:
a source network address of the pre-connect response and a destination network address of the intercepted connection request are a network address of the remote host server; and a socket associated with the source network address of the pre-connect response matches a socket associated with the destination network address in the intercepted connection request. 16. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
generating, by the client device, the connection request; and
sending, by the client device, the connection request addressed to the remote host server. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the connection request is a request for a secure connection with the remote host server. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the network includes a satellite link between the client device and the remote host server. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein:
the client device comprises a web browser, the network transaction comprises the browser rendering a web page, and the web page comprises an instruction to fetch the resource from the remote host server. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein:
the web page is stored on a web server located on a host server side of the network, and the remote host server is different than the web server. 21. An apparatus, disposed on a server-side of a communications network, for accelerating setup of a persistent connection over the network between a client device and a remote host server, where establishing the connection requires a connection request by the client device and a corresponding connection response by the remote host server, the apparatus comprising:
processor circuitry; and digital storage having stored therein non-transient instructions that cause the processor circuitry to perform a method comprising:
generating a pre-connect request on behalf of the client device;
sending the pre-connect request to the remote host server;
receiving a pre-connect response from the remote host server in response to the pre-connect request; and
prepositioning the pre-connect response on a client-side of the network. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the pre-connect request mimics an actual connection request by the client device. 23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein:
the pre-connect request comprises an identifier identifying the client device as the requestor, and the pre-connect response is addressed to the client device. 24. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the pre-connect request is a request for a secure connection with the remote host server. 25. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the method further comprises sending to the client-side of the network generation information indicating how to generate the pre-connect request. 26. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the prepositioning is performed before receiving an actual connection request generated by the client device for a connection with the remote host server. 27. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the network includes a satellite link between the client device and the remote host server. 28. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein generating a pre-connect request is performed in response to a trigger indicating that the client device is expected to execute a network transaction comprising fetching a resource from the remote host server. 29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein:
the client device comprises a web browser, the network transaction comprises the web browser rendering a web page, and the web page comprises an instruction to fetch the resource from the remote host server. 30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein:
the web page is stored on a web server located on the server side of the network, and the host server is different than the web server. 31. An apparatus, disposed on a client-side of a communications network, for accelerating setup of a persistent connection over the network between a client device and a remote host server, where establishing the connection requires a connection request by the client device and a corresponding connection response by the remote host server, the apparatus comprising:
processor circuitry; and digital storage having stored therein non-transient instructions that cause the processor circuitry to perform a method comprising:
intercepting a connection request generated by the client device for a connection with the remote host server;
determining whether a pre-connect response from the remote host server is stored on the client-side of the network and corresponds to the intercepted connection request; and
if the determining is affirmative, providing the pre-connect response to the client device as a complete response to the intercepted connection request. 32. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the method further comprises, if the determining is negative, forwarding the intercepted connection request over the network to the remote host server. 33. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the method further comprises, if the determining is affirmative, discarding the intercepted connection request. 34. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the determining is affirmative if a source of the pre-connect response and a destination of the intercepted connection request are both the remote host server. 35. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the determining is affirmative if:
a source network address of the pre-connect response and a destination network address of the intercepted connection request are a network address of the remote host server; and a socket associated with the source network address of the pre-connect response matches a socket associated with the destination network address in the intercepted connection request. 36. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the method further comprises:
generating, by the client device, the connection request; and sending, by the client device, the connection request addressed to the remote host server. 37. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the connection request is a request for a secure connection with the remote host server. 38. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the network includes a satellite link between the client device and the remote host server. 39. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein:
the client device comprises a web browser, the network transaction comprises the browser rendering a web page, and the web page comprises an instruction to fetch the resource from the remote host server. 40. The apparatus of claim 39, wherein:
the web page is stored on a web server located on a host server side of the network, and
the remote host server is different than the web server. | 2,400 |
9,558 | 9,558 | 15,323,505 | 2,463 | Briefly, in accordance with one or more embodiments, virtualized network function resources may be managed in a network. Performance measurements may be received for at least one mobility management entity (MME) in an MME pool, or for other network elements. If at least one of the performance measurements exceeds at least one predetermined threshold, instantiation of a new mobility management entity virtual network function (MME VNF) may be requested, and the MME VNF may be instantiated in response to the request. One or more user equipment (UE) devices managed by the MME pool may be connected to the added MME VNF. | 1. An information handling system to manage resources in a network having a mobility management entity (MME) pool to perform load balancing, comprising circuitry configured to:
receive performance measurements for at least one MME in the MME pool; if at least one of the performance measurements exceeds at least one predetermined threshold, request to instantiate a new mobility management entity virtual network function (MME VNF); instantiate the MME VNF in response to the request; and connect one or more user equipment (UE) devices managed by the MME pool to the added MME VNF. 2. The information handling system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the performance measurements comprise MME processor usage or S1-MME data volume, the circuitry being further configured to allocate additional computing or storing resources, or a combination thereof, if an MME processor usage counter or an S1-MME data counter exceeds a threshold value. 3. The information handling system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the performance measurements are received by a network manager (NM) for the network, VNF manager for the network, or an element manager for the network, and the NM, the VNF manager, or the element manager determines if at least one of the performance measurements exceeds at least one predetermined threshold. 4. The information handling system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the performance measurements are received by a network manager (NM) for the network, VNF manager for the network, or an element manager for the network, and the performance measurements are forwarded to a network virtual functions orchestrator (NFV orchestrator), and the NFV orchestrator determines if at least one of the performance measurements exceeds at least one predetermined threshold. 5. The information handling system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the MME pool comprises at least one physical MME network element, and the circuitry is further configured to rebalance one or more UEs from the physical MME network element to the MME VNF. 6. The information handling system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the circuitry is further configured to terminate the MME VNF if at least one of the performance measurements falls below at least one predetermined threshold. 7. An information handling system to manage resources in a network having a mobility management entity (MME) pool to perform load balancing, comprising circuitry configured to:
receive performance measurements of an MME virtual network function (MME VNF); if at least one of the performance measurements exceeds at least one predetermined threshold, send a request to scale out a new MME VNF; instantiate the new MME VNF in response to the request; and connect one or more user equipment (UE) devices managed by the MME pool to the new MME VNF. 8. The information handling system as claimed in claim 7, wherein the performance measurements comprise MME processor usage or S1-MME data volume, the circuitry being further configured to allocate additional computing or storing resources, or a combination thereof, if an MME processor usage counter or an S1-MME data counter exceeds a threshold value. 9. The information handling system as claimed in claim 7, wherein the performance measurements are received by a network manager (NM) for the network, VNF manager for the network, or an element manager for the network, and the NM, the VNF manager, or the element manager determines if at least one of the performance measurements exceeds at least one predetermined threshold. 10. The information handling system as claimed in claim 7, wherein the performance measurements are received by a network manager (NM) for the network, VNF manager for the network, or an element manager for the network, and the performance measurements are forwarded to a network virtual functions orchestrator (NFV orchestrator), and the NFV orchestrator determines if at least one of the performance measurements exceeds at least one predetermined threshold. 11. The information handling system as claimed in claim 7, wherein the MME pool comprises at least one physical MME network element, and the circuitry is further configured to rebalance one or more UEs from the physical MME network element to the MME VNF. 12. The information handling system as claimed in claim 7, wherein the circuitry is further configured to:
send a request to scale in the MME VNF if at least one of the performance measurements is below at least one predetermined threshold; offload one or more user equipment (UE) devices managed by the MME pool to a different MME VNF; and terminate the MME VNF to be scaled in. 13. An information handling system to manage resources in a network having a mobility management entity (MME) pool, comprising circuitry configured to:
receive performance measurements of an MME virtual network function (MME VNF); if at least one of the performance measurements exceeds at least one predetermined threshold, send a request to scale up MME VNF resources; increase the MME VNF resources in response to the request; and update one or more user equipment (UE) devices managed by the MME pool with a new weight factor according to the increased MME VNF resources. 14. The information handling system as claimed in claim 13, wherein the performance measurements comprise MME processor usage or S1-MME data volume, and the circuitry being further configured to increase computing resources or storage resource, or a combination thereof, if an MME processor usage counter or an S1-MME data counter exceeds a threshold value. 15. The information handling system as claimed in claim 13, wherein the performance measurements are received by a network manager (NM) for the network, VNF manager for the network, or an element manager for the network, and the NM, the VNF manager, or the element manager determines if at least one of the performance measurements exceeds at least one predetermined threshold. 16. The information handling system as claimed in claim 13, wherein the performance measurements are received by a network manager (NM) for the network, VNF manager for the network, or an element manager for the network, and the performance measurements are forwarded to a network virtual functions orchestrator (NFV orchestrator), and the NFV orchestrator determines if at least one of the performance measurements exceeds at least one predetermined threshold. 17. The information handling system as claimed in claim 13, wherein the MME pool comprises at least one physical MME network element, and the circuitry is further configured to rebalance one or more UEs from the physical MME network element to the MME VNF. 18. The information handling system as claimed in claim 13, wherein the circuitry is further configured to:
send a request to scale down MME VNF resources if at least one of the performance measurements is below at least one predetermined threshold: decrease the MME VNF resources in response to the request; and update one or more user equipment (UE) devices managed by the MME pool with a new weight factor according to the increased MME VNF resources. 19-27. (canceled) 28. An article of manufacture comprising a non-transitory storage medium having instructions stored thereon to manage resources in a network having a mobility management entity (MME) pool to perform load balancing, wherein the instructions, if executed by a processor, result in:
receiving performance measurements for at least one MME in the MME pool; if at least one of the performance measurements exceeds at least one predetermined threshold, requesting to instantiate a new mobility management entity virtual network function (MME VNF); instantiating the MME VNF in response to the request; and connecting one or more user equipment (UE) devices managed by the MME pool to the added MME VNF. 29. The article of manufacture as claimed in claim 28, wherein the performance measurements comprise MME processor usage or S1-MME data volume, the instructions further resulting in allocating additional computing or storing resources, or a combination thereof, if an MME processor usage counter or an S1-MME data counter exceeds a threshold value. 30. The article of manufacture as claimed in claim 28, wherein the performance measurements are received by a network manager (NM) for the network, VNF manager for the network, or an element manager for the network, and the NM, the VNF manager, or the element manager determines if at least one of the performance measurements exceeds at least one predetermined threshold. 31. The article of manufacture as claimed in claim 28, wherein the performance measurements are received by a network manager (NM) for the network, VNF manager for the network, or an element manager for the network, and the performance measurements are forwarded to a network virtual functions orchestrator (NFV orchestrator), and the NFV orchestrator determines if at least one of the performance measurements exceeds at least one predetermined threshold. 32. The article of manufacture as claimed in claim 28, wherein the MME pool comprises at least one physical MME network element, and the method further comprises rebalancing one or more UEs from the physical MME network element to the MME VNF. 33. The article of manufacture as claimed in claim 28, wherein the instructions, if executed, further result in terminating the MME VNF if at least one of the performance measurements falls below at least one predetermined threshold. 34. An article of manufacture comprising a non-transitory storage medium having instructions stored thereon to manage resources in a network having a mobility management entity (MME) pool to perform load balancing, wherein the instructions, if executed by a processor, result in:
receiving performance measurements of an MME virtual network function (MME VNF); if at least one of the performance measurements exceeds at least one predetermined threshold, sending a request to scale out a new MME VNF; instantiating the new MME VNF in response to the request; and connecting one or more user equipment (UE) devices managed by the MME pool to the new MME VNF. | Briefly, in accordance with one or more embodiments, virtualized network function resources may be managed in a network. Performance measurements may be received for at least one mobility management entity (MME) in an MME pool, or for other network elements. If at least one of the performance measurements exceeds at least one predetermined threshold, instantiation of a new mobility management entity virtual network function (MME VNF) may be requested, and the MME VNF may be instantiated in response to the request. One or more user equipment (UE) devices managed by the MME pool may be connected to the added MME VNF.1. An information handling system to manage resources in a network having a mobility management entity (MME) pool to perform load balancing, comprising circuitry configured to:
receive performance measurements for at least one MME in the MME pool; if at least one of the performance measurements exceeds at least one predetermined threshold, request to instantiate a new mobility management entity virtual network function (MME VNF); instantiate the MME VNF in response to the request; and connect one or more user equipment (UE) devices managed by the MME pool to the added MME VNF. 2. The information handling system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the performance measurements comprise MME processor usage or S1-MME data volume, the circuitry being further configured to allocate additional computing or storing resources, or a combination thereof, if an MME processor usage counter or an S1-MME data counter exceeds a threshold value. 3. The information handling system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the performance measurements are received by a network manager (NM) for the network, VNF manager for the network, or an element manager for the network, and the NM, the VNF manager, or the element manager determines if at least one of the performance measurements exceeds at least one predetermined threshold. 4. The information handling system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the performance measurements are received by a network manager (NM) for the network, VNF manager for the network, or an element manager for the network, and the performance measurements are forwarded to a network virtual functions orchestrator (NFV orchestrator), and the NFV orchestrator determines if at least one of the performance measurements exceeds at least one predetermined threshold. 5. The information handling system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the MME pool comprises at least one physical MME network element, and the circuitry is further configured to rebalance one or more UEs from the physical MME network element to the MME VNF. 6. The information handling system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the circuitry is further configured to terminate the MME VNF if at least one of the performance measurements falls below at least one predetermined threshold. 7. An information handling system to manage resources in a network having a mobility management entity (MME) pool to perform load balancing, comprising circuitry configured to:
receive performance measurements of an MME virtual network function (MME VNF); if at least one of the performance measurements exceeds at least one predetermined threshold, send a request to scale out a new MME VNF; instantiate the new MME VNF in response to the request; and connect one or more user equipment (UE) devices managed by the MME pool to the new MME VNF. 8. The information handling system as claimed in claim 7, wherein the performance measurements comprise MME processor usage or S1-MME data volume, the circuitry being further configured to allocate additional computing or storing resources, or a combination thereof, if an MME processor usage counter or an S1-MME data counter exceeds a threshold value. 9. The information handling system as claimed in claim 7, wherein the performance measurements are received by a network manager (NM) for the network, VNF manager for the network, or an element manager for the network, and the NM, the VNF manager, or the element manager determines if at least one of the performance measurements exceeds at least one predetermined threshold. 10. The information handling system as claimed in claim 7, wherein the performance measurements are received by a network manager (NM) for the network, VNF manager for the network, or an element manager for the network, and the performance measurements are forwarded to a network virtual functions orchestrator (NFV orchestrator), and the NFV orchestrator determines if at least one of the performance measurements exceeds at least one predetermined threshold. 11. The information handling system as claimed in claim 7, wherein the MME pool comprises at least one physical MME network element, and the circuitry is further configured to rebalance one or more UEs from the physical MME network element to the MME VNF. 12. The information handling system as claimed in claim 7, wherein the circuitry is further configured to:
send a request to scale in the MME VNF if at least one of the performance measurements is below at least one predetermined threshold; offload one or more user equipment (UE) devices managed by the MME pool to a different MME VNF; and terminate the MME VNF to be scaled in. 13. An information handling system to manage resources in a network having a mobility management entity (MME) pool, comprising circuitry configured to:
receive performance measurements of an MME virtual network function (MME VNF); if at least one of the performance measurements exceeds at least one predetermined threshold, send a request to scale up MME VNF resources; increase the MME VNF resources in response to the request; and update one or more user equipment (UE) devices managed by the MME pool with a new weight factor according to the increased MME VNF resources. 14. The information handling system as claimed in claim 13, wherein the performance measurements comprise MME processor usage or S1-MME data volume, and the circuitry being further configured to increase computing resources or storage resource, or a combination thereof, if an MME processor usage counter or an S1-MME data counter exceeds a threshold value. 15. The information handling system as claimed in claim 13, wherein the performance measurements are received by a network manager (NM) for the network, VNF manager for the network, or an element manager for the network, and the NM, the VNF manager, or the element manager determines if at least one of the performance measurements exceeds at least one predetermined threshold. 16. The information handling system as claimed in claim 13, wherein the performance measurements are received by a network manager (NM) for the network, VNF manager for the network, or an element manager for the network, and the performance measurements are forwarded to a network virtual functions orchestrator (NFV orchestrator), and the NFV orchestrator determines if at least one of the performance measurements exceeds at least one predetermined threshold. 17. The information handling system as claimed in claim 13, wherein the MME pool comprises at least one physical MME network element, and the circuitry is further configured to rebalance one or more UEs from the physical MME network element to the MME VNF. 18. The information handling system as claimed in claim 13, wherein the circuitry is further configured to:
send a request to scale down MME VNF resources if at least one of the performance measurements is below at least one predetermined threshold: decrease the MME VNF resources in response to the request; and update one or more user equipment (UE) devices managed by the MME pool with a new weight factor according to the increased MME VNF resources. 19-27. (canceled) 28. An article of manufacture comprising a non-transitory storage medium having instructions stored thereon to manage resources in a network having a mobility management entity (MME) pool to perform load balancing, wherein the instructions, if executed by a processor, result in:
receiving performance measurements for at least one MME in the MME pool; if at least one of the performance measurements exceeds at least one predetermined threshold, requesting to instantiate a new mobility management entity virtual network function (MME VNF); instantiating the MME VNF in response to the request; and connecting one or more user equipment (UE) devices managed by the MME pool to the added MME VNF. 29. The article of manufacture as claimed in claim 28, wherein the performance measurements comprise MME processor usage or S1-MME data volume, the instructions further resulting in allocating additional computing or storing resources, or a combination thereof, if an MME processor usage counter or an S1-MME data counter exceeds a threshold value. 30. The article of manufacture as claimed in claim 28, wherein the performance measurements are received by a network manager (NM) for the network, VNF manager for the network, or an element manager for the network, and the NM, the VNF manager, or the element manager determines if at least one of the performance measurements exceeds at least one predetermined threshold. 31. The article of manufacture as claimed in claim 28, wherein the performance measurements are received by a network manager (NM) for the network, VNF manager for the network, or an element manager for the network, and the performance measurements are forwarded to a network virtual functions orchestrator (NFV orchestrator), and the NFV orchestrator determines if at least one of the performance measurements exceeds at least one predetermined threshold. 32. The article of manufacture as claimed in claim 28, wherein the MME pool comprises at least one physical MME network element, and the method further comprises rebalancing one or more UEs from the physical MME network element to the MME VNF. 33. The article of manufacture as claimed in claim 28, wherein the instructions, if executed, further result in terminating the MME VNF if at least one of the performance measurements falls below at least one predetermined threshold. 34. An article of manufacture comprising a non-transitory storage medium having instructions stored thereon to manage resources in a network having a mobility management entity (MME) pool to perform load balancing, wherein the instructions, if executed by a processor, result in:
receiving performance measurements of an MME virtual network function (MME VNF); if at least one of the performance measurements exceeds at least one predetermined threshold, sending a request to scale out a new MME VNF; instantiating the new MME VNF in response to the request; and connecting one or more user equipment (UE) devices managed by the MME pool to the new MME VNF. | 2,400 |
9,559 | 9,559 | 15,223,615 | 2,444 | This disclosure relates to systems and methods for selecting an application to handle a message. In one example, a method includes receiving a first message from a first member of an online social networking service using a first computing device, the first message addressed to a second member of the online social networking service, determining which application the first member used to generate the first message, receiving a second message from the second member, the second message being a reply message to the first message, and transmitting the second message to the first computing device that includes an instruction that the determined application is to handle the second message. | 1. A system comprising:
one or more hardware processors; a machine-readable medium having instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by the one or more hardware processors, configure the system to:
receive a first message from a first member of an online social networking service using a first computing device, the first message addressed to a second member of the online social networking service;
determine an application selected from a plurality of applications installed on the first computing device and capable of generating the first message, which application the first member used to generate the first message;
receive a second message from the second member, the second message being a reply message to the first message; and
transmit the second message to the first computing device that includes an instruction that the determined application is to handle the second message. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further cause the system to transmit a request to the first computing device to install the determined application in response to the application not being installed on the first computing device. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further cause the system to transmit a request to the first computing device to handle the second message using an application that is different from the determined application in response to the determined application not being installed on the first computing device. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further cause the system to communicate an interface to the first computing device to access the second message without the application. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the first message is an original message for further messages, the further messages are also handled using the determined application. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the application is determined using at least one of a first message format, a type of the first message, a location of the first member when generating the first message, a personal relationship between the first member and the second member, and a social network connection strength between the first member and the second member. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further cause the system to transmit a notification to the first computing device, the notification indicating the application. 8. A method comprising:
receiving a first message from a first member of an online social networking service using a first computing device, the first message being intended for a second member of the online social networking service; determining an application selected from a plurality of applications installed on the first computing device and capable of generating the first message, which application the first member used to generate the first message; receiving a second message from the second member, the second message being a reply message to the first message; and transmitting the second message to the first computing device that includes an instruction that the determined application is to handle the second message. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising transmitting a request to the first computing device to install the determined application in response to the application not being installed on the first computing device. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising transmitting a request to the first computing device to handle the second message using an application that is different from the determined application in response to the determined application not being installed on the first computing device. 11. The method of claim 8, further comprising communicating an interface to the first computing device to access the second message without using the determined application. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the first message is an original message for further messages, the method further comprising handling the further messages using the determined application. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the application is determined using at least one of a first message format, a type of the first message, a location of the first member when generating the first message, a personal relationship between the first member and the second member, and a social network connection strength between the first member and the second member. 14. The method of claim 8, further comprising transmitting a notification to the first computing device, the notification indicating reception of the second message and indicating the determined application. 15. A machine-readable hardware medium having instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by one or more hardware processors, cause the one or more processors to perform:
receiving a first message from a first member of an online social networking service using a first computing device, the first message being intended for a second member of the online social networking service; determining, in response to more than one application being available via the first computing device and capable of generating the first message, which application the first member used to generate the first message; receiving a second message from the second member, the second message being a reply message to the first message; and transmitting the second message to the first computing device that includes an instruction that the determined application is to handle the second message. 16. The machine-readable hardware medium of claim 15, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to transmit a request to the first computing device to install the determined application in response to the determined application not being installed on the first computing device. 17. The machine-readable hardware medium of claim 15, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to transmit a request to the first computing device to handle the second message using an application that is different from the determined application in response to the determined application not being installed on the first computing device. 18. The machine-readable hardware medium of claim 15, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to communicate an interface to the first computing device to access the second message without the determined application. 19. The machine-readable hardware medium of claim 15, wherein the application is determined using at least one of a first message format, a type of the first message, a location of the first member when generating the first message, a personal relationship between the first member and the second member, and a social network connection strength between the first member and the second member. 20. The machine-readable hardware medium of claim 15, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to transmit a notification to the first computing device, the notification indicating the application. | This disclosure relates to systems and methods for selecting an application to handle a message. In one example, a method includes receiving a first message from a first member of an online social networking service using a first computing device, the first message addressed to a second member of the online social networking service, determining which application the first member used to generate the first message, receiving a second message from the second member, the second message being a reply message to the first message, and transmitting the second message to the first computing device that includes an instruction that the determined application is to handle the second message.1. A system comprising:
one or more hardware processors; a machine-readable medium having instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by the one or more hardware processors, configure the system to:
receive a first message from a first member of an online social networking service using a first computing device, the first message addressed to a second member of the online social networking service;
determine an application selected from a plurality of applications installed on the first computing device and capable of generating the first message, which application the first member used to generate the first message;
receive a second message from the second member, the second message being a reply message to the first message; and
transmit the second message to the first computing device that includes an instruction that the determined application is to handle the second message. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further cause the system to transmit a request to the first computing device to install the determined application in response to the application not being installed on the first computing device. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further cause the system to transmit a request to the first computing device to handle the second message using an application that is different from the determined application in response to the determined application not being installed on the first computing device. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further cause the system to communicate an interface to the first computing device to access the second message without the application. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the first message is an original message for further messages, the further messages are also handled using the determined application. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the application is determined using at least one of a first message format, a type of the first message, a location of the first member when generating the first message, a personal relationship between the first member and the second member, and a social network connection strength between the first member and the second member. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further cause the system to transmit a notification to the first computing device, the notification indicating the application. 8. A method comprising:
receiving a first message from a first member of an online social networking service using a first computing device, the first message being intended for a second member of the online social networking service; determining an application selected from a plurality of applications installed on the first computing device and capable of generating the first message, which application the first member used to generate the first message; receiving a second message from the second member, the second message being a reply message to the first message; and transmitting the second message to the first computing device that includes an instruction that the determined application is to handle the second message. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising transmitting a request to the first computing device to install the determined application in response to the application not being installed on the first computing device. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising transmitting a request to the first computing device to handle the second message using an application that is different from the determined application in response to the determined application not being installed on the first computing device. 11. The method of claim 8, further comprising communicating an interface to the first computing device to access the second message without using the determined application. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the first message is an original message for further messages, the method further comprising handling the further messages using the determined application. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the application is determined using at least one of a first message format, a type of the first message, a location of the first member when generating the first message, a personal relationship between the first member and the second member, and a social network connection strength between the first member and the second member. 14. The method of claim 8, further comprising transmitting a notification to the first computing device, the notification indicating reception of the second message and indicating the determined application. 15. A machine-readable hardware medium having instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by one or more hardware processors, cause the one or more processors to perform:
receiving a first message from a first member of an online social networking service using a first computing device, the first message being intended for a second member of the online social networking service; determining, in response to more than one application being available via the first computing device and capable of generating the first message, which application the first member used to generate the first message; receiving a second message from the second member, the second message being a reply message to the first message; and transmitting the second message to the first computing device that includes an instruction that the determined application is to handle the second message. 16. The machine-readable hardware medium of claim 15, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to transmit a request to the first computing device to install the determined application in response to the determined application not being installed on the first computing device. 17. The machine-readable hardware medium of claim 15, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to transmit a request to the first computing device to handle the second message using an application that is different from the determined application in response to the determined application not being installed on the first computing device. 18. The machine-readable hardware medium of claim 15, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to communicate an interface to the first computing device to access the second message without the determined application. 19. The machine-readable hardware medium of claim 15, wherein the application is determined using at least one of a first message format, a type of the first message, a location of the first member when generating the first message, a personal relationship between the first member and the second member, and a social network connection strength between the first member and the second member. 20. The machine-readable hardware medium of claim 15, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to transmit a notification to the first computing device, the notification indicating the application. | 2,400 |
9,560 | 9,560 | 16,120,283 | 2,446 | Some embodiments provide a method for configuring a gateway machine in a datacenter. The method receives a definition of a logical network for implementation in the datacenter. The logical network includes at least one logical switch to which logical network endpoints attach and a logical router for handling data traffic between the logical network endpoints in the datacenter and an external network. The method receives configuration data attaching a third-party service to at least one interface of the logical router via an additional logical switch designated for service attachments. The third-party service is for performing non-forwarding processing on the data traffic between the logical network endpoints and the external network. The method configures the gateway machine in the datacenter to implement the logical router and redirect at least a subset of the data traffic between the logical network endpoints and the external network to the attached third-party service. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving a definition of a logical network for implementation in a datacenter, the logical network comprising at least one logical switch to which logical network endpoints attach and a logical router for handling data traffic between the logical network endpoints in the datacenter and an external network; receiving configuration data attaching a third-party service to at least one interface of the logical router via an additional logical switch designated for service attachments, the third-party service for performing non-forwarding processing on the data traffic between the logical network endpoints and the external network; and configuring a gateway machine in the datacenter to implement the logical router and redirect at least a subset of the data traffic between the logical network endpoints and the external network to the attached third-party service. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the configuration data comprises:
receiving a definition of the logical router interface as a service attachment interface; receiving a definition of the additional logical switch and connection of the service attachment interface to the additional logical switch; and receiving attachment of the third-party service to the additional logical switch. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the definition of the additional logical switch specifies the additional logical switch as a logical switch for attachment of third-party services. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein receiving the configuration data further comprises receiving a definition of the third-party service. 5. The method of claim 1 further comprising defining a distributed routing component and a centralized routing component for the logical router, wherein the distributed routing component is implemented by a plurality of machines including the gateway machine and the centralized routing component is implemented only by the gateway machine. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the gateway machine is configured to redirect data traffic received from the external network prior to applying the logical router configuration to said data traffic. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the gateway machine applies the logical router configuration to the data traffic received from the external network after redirecting said data traffic to the third-party service and receiving the data traffic back from the third-party service. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the gateway machine is configured to redirect data traffic directed to the external network after applying the logical router configuration to said data traffic. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the third-party service is a first third-party service and the subset of the data traffic between the logical network endpoints and the external network is a first subset of the data traffic, the method further comprising:
receiving configuration data attaching a second third-party service to the interface of the logical router via the additional logical switch, the second third-party service also for performing non-forwarding processing on the data traffic between the logical network endpoints and the external network; and configuring the gateway machine to redirect a second subset of the data traffic to the second third-party service. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the first and second third-party services have interfaces with network addresses in a same subnet as the interface. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the interface is a first interface of the logical router, the additional logical switch is a first logical switch designated for service attachments, and the subset of the data traffic between the logical network endpoints and the external network is a first subset of the data traffic, the method further comprising:
receiving configuration data attaching the third-party service to a second interface of the logical router via a second logical switch designated for service attachments; and configuring the gateway machine to redirect a second subset of the data traffic to the third-party service via the second logical switch. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the third-party service has separate interfaces with separate network addresses attached to the first and second logical switches. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the configuration data attaches the third-party service to two interfaces of the logical router, wherein the gateway machine is configured to direct data traffic incoming from the external network to the third-party service via a first one of the interfaces and receive said incoming data traffic back from the third-party service via a second one of the interfaces. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the gateway machine is configured to direct outgoing data traffic from the logical network endpoints to the third-party service via the second interface and receive said outgoing data traffic back from the third-party service via the first interface. 15. A non-transitory machine-readable medium storing a program for execution by at least one processing unit, the program comprising sets of instructions for:
receiving a definition of a logical network for implementation in a datacenter, the logical network comprising at least one logical switch to which logical network endpoints attach and a logical router for handling data traffic between the logical network endpoints in the datacenter and an external network; receiving configuration data attaching a third-party service to at least one interface of the logical router via an additional logical switch designated for service attachments, the third-party service for performing non-forwarding processing on the data traffic between the logical network endpoints and the external network; and configuring a gateway machine in the datacenter to implement the logical router and redirect at least a subset of the data traffic between the logical network endpoints and the external network to the attached third-party service. 16. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the set of instructions for receiving the configuration data comprises sets of instructions for:
receiving a definition of the third-party service; receiving a definition of the logical router interface as a service attachment interface; receiving a definition of the additional logical switch and connection of the service attachment interface to the additional logical switch; and receiving attachment of the third-party service to the additional logical switch. 17. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the program further comprises a set of instructions for defining a distributed routing component and a centralized routing component for the logical router, wherein the distributed routing component is implemented by a plurality of machines including the gateway machine and the centralized routing component is implemented only by the gateway machine. 18. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the gateway machine is configured to (i) redirect data traffic received from the external network prior to applying the logical router configuration to said data traffic and (ii) apply the logical router configuration to the data traffic received from the external network after redirecting said data traffic to the third-party service and receiving the data traffic back from the third-party service. 19. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the gateway machine is configured to redirect data traffic directed to the external network after applying the logical router configuration to said data traffic. 20. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the third-party service is a first third-party service and the subset of the data traffic between the logical network endpoints and the external network is a first subset of the data traffic, the program further comprising sets of instructions for:
receiving configuration data attaching a second third-party service to the interface of the logical router via the additional logical switch, the second third-party service also for performing non-forwarding processing on the data traffic between the logical network endpoints and the external network; and configuring the gateway machine to redirect a second subset of the data traffic to the second third-party service. 21. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the interface is a first interface of the logical router, the additional logical switch is a first logical switch designated for service attachments, and the subset of the data traffic between the logical network endpoints and the external network is a first subset of the data traffic, the program further comprising sets of instructions for:
receiving configuration data attaching the third-party service to a second interface of the logical router via a second logical switch designated for service attachments; and configuring the gateway machine to redirect a second subset of the data traffic to the third-party service via the second logical switch. 22. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the configuration data attaches the third-party service to two interfaces of the logical router, wherein the gateway machine is configured to (i) direct data traffic incoming from the external network to the third-party service via a first one of the interfaces and receive said incoming data traffic back from the third-party service via a second one of the interfaces and (ii) direct outgoing data traffic from the logical network endpoints to the third-party service via the second interface and receive said outgoing data traffic back from the third-party service via the first interface. | Some embodiments provide a method for configuring a gateway machine in a datacenter. The method receives a definition of a logical network for implementation in the datacenter. The logical network includes at least one logical switch to which logical network endpoints attach and a logical router for handling data traffic between the logical network endpoints in the datacenter and an external network. The method receives configuration data attaching a third-party service to at least one interface of the logical router via an additional logical switch designated for service attachments. The third-party service is for performing non-forwarding processing on the data traffic between the logical network endpoints and the external network. The method configures the gateway machine in the datacenter to implement the logical router and redirect at least a subset of the data traffic between the logical network endpoints and the external network to the attached third-party service.1. A method comprising:
receiving a definition of a logical network for implementation in a datacenter, the logical network comprising at least one logical switch to which logical network endpoints attach and a logical router for handling data traffic between the logical network endpoints in the datacenter and an external network; receiving configuration data attaching a third-party service to at least one interface of the logical router via an additional logical switch designated for service attachments, the third-party service for performing non-forwarding processing on the data traffic between the logical network endpoints and the external network; and configuring a gateway machine in the datacenter to implement the logical router and redirect at least a subset of the data traffic between the logical network endpoints and the external network to the attached third-party service. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the configuration data comprises:
receiving a definition of the logical router interface as a service attachment interface; receiving a definition of the additional logical switch and connection of the service attachment interface to the additional logical switch; and receiving attachment of the third-party service to the additional logical switch. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the definition of the additional logical switch specifies the additional logical switch as a logical switch for attachment of third-party services. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein receiving the configuration data further comprises receiving a definition of the third-party service. 5. The method of claim 1 further comprising defining a distributed routing component and a centralized routing component for the logical router, wherein the distributed routing component is implemented by a plurality of machines including the gateway machine and the centralized routing component is implemented only by the gateway machine. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the gateway machine is configured to redirect data traffic received from the external network prior to applying the logical router configuration to said data traffic. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the gateway machine applies the logical router configuration to the data traffic received from the external network after redirecting said data traffic to the third-party service and receiving the data traffic back from the third-party service. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the gateway machine is configured to redirect data traffic directed to the external network after applying the logical router configuration to said data traffic. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the third-party service is a first third-party service and the subset of the data traffic between the logical network endpoints and the external network is a first subset of the data traffic, the method further comprising:
receiving configuration data attaching a second third-party service to the interface of the logical router via the additional logical switch, the second third-party service also for performing non-forwarding processing on the data traffic between the logical network endpoints and the external network; and configuring the gateway machine to redirect a second subset of the data traffic to the second third-party service. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the first and second third-party services have interfaces with network addresses in a same subnet as the interface. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the interface is a first interface of the logical router, the additional logical switch is a first logical switch designated for service attachments, and the subset of the data traffic between the logical network endpoints and the external network is a first subset of the data traffic, the method further comprising:
receiving configuration data attaching the third-party service to a second interface of the logical router via a second logical switch designated for service attachments; and configuring the gateway machine to redirect a second subset of the data traffic to the third-party service via the second logical switch. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the third-party service has separate interfaces with separate network addresses attached to the first and second logical switches. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the configuration data attaches the third-party service to two interfaces of the logical router, wherein the gateway machine is configured to direct data traffic incoming from the external network to the third-party service via a first one of the interfaces and receive said incoming data traffic back from the third-party service via a second one of the interfaces. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the gateway machine is configured to direct outgoing data traffic from the logical network endpoints to the third-party service via the second interface and receive said outgoing data traffic back from the third-party service via the first interface. 15. A non-transitory machine-readable medium storing a program for execution by at least one processing unit, the program comprising sets of instructions for:
receiving a definition of a logical network for implementation in a datacenter, the logical network comprising at least one logical switch to which logical network endpoints attach and a logical router for handling data traffic between the logical network endpoints in the datacenter and an external network; receiving configuration data attaching a third-party service to at least one interface of the logical router via an additional logical switch designated for service attachments, the third-party service for performing non-forwarding processing on the data traffic between the logical network endpoints and the external network; and configuring a gateway machine in the datacenter to implement the logical router and redirect at least a subset of the data traffic between the logical network endpoints and the external network to the attached third-party service. 16. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the set of instructions for receiving the configuration data comprises sets of instructions for:
receiving a definition of the third-party service; receiving a definition of the logical router interface as a service attachment interface; receiving a definition of the additional logical switch and connection of the service attachment interface to the additional logical switch; and receiving attachment of the third-party service to the additional logical switch. 17. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the program further comprises a set of instructions for defining a distributed routing component and a centralized routing component for the logical router, wherein the distributed routing component is implemented by a plurality of machines including the gateway machine and the centralized routing component is implemented only by the gateway machine. 18. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the gateway machine is configured to (i) redirect data traffic received from the external network prior to applying the logical router configuration to said data traffic and (ii) apply the logical router configuration to the data traffic received from the external network after redirecting said data traffic to the third-party service and receiving the data traffic back from the third-party service. 19. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the gateway machine is configured to redirect data traffic directed to the external network after applying the logical router configuration to said data traffic. 20. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the third-party service is a first third-party service and the subset of the data traffic between the logical network endpoints and the external network is a first subset of the data traffic, the program further comprising sets of instructions for:
receiving configuration data attaching a second third-party service to the interface of the logical router via the additional logical switch, the second third-party service also for performing non-forwarding processing on the data traffic between the logical network endpoints and the external network; and configuring the gateway machine to redirect a second subset of the data traffic to the second third-party service. 21. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the interface is a first interface of the logical router, the additional logical switch is a first logical switch designated for service attachments, and the subset of the data traffic between the logical network endpoints and the external network is a first subset of the data traffic, the program further comprising sets of instructions for:
receiving configuration data attaching the third-party service to a second interface of the logical router via a second logical switch designated for service attachments; and configuring the gateway machine to redirect a second subset of the data traffic to the third-party service via the second logical switch. 22. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the configuration data attaches the third-party service to two interfaces of the logical router, wherein the gateway machine is configured to (i) direct data traffic incoming from the external network to the third-party service via a first one of the interfaces and receive said incoming data traffic back from the third-party service via a second one of the interfaces and (ii) direct outgoing data traffic from the logical network endpoints to the third-party service via the second interface and receive said outgoing data traffic back from the third-party service via the first interface. | 2,400 |
9,561 | 9,561 | 14,470,563 | 2,416 | A method and system for configuring a User Equipment (UE) for dual connectivity mode of operation when the UE is carrier aggregated with one or more serving frequencies served by a Master eNB (MeNB) and one or more serving frequencies served by the Secondary eNB (SeNB). The method allows the UE to autonomously initiate the random access procedure on a SCell of the SeNB after adding or replacing SCell of the SeNB. Further, the method allows the UE to handle a Radio Link Failure (RLF) on one or more data radio bearers established between the UE and the SCell of the SeNB. | 1. A method for performing a Random Access procedure by a User Equipment (UE) in a wireless network, the method comprising:
performing configuration with a Primary Cell (PCell) of a first evolved Node B (eNB) served on at least one first serving frequency and at least one Secondary Cell (SCell) of a first evolved Node B (eNB) served on at least one first serving frequency; transmitting a Random Access (RA) preamble on a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) to one of the at least one SCell; receiving a Random Access Response (RAR) message on a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) from the one of the at least one SCell; and transmitting uplink data to the one of the at least one SCell. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the performing configuration is performed when the UE receives a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection reconfiguration message for addition of at least one SCell or replacement of at least one SCell with a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) configuration. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
decoding the RAR message using a Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RA-RNTI) associated with the PRACH; receiving an uplink grant, a random access preamble identifier, a Temporary C-RNTI and uplink timing advance information in response to the RA preamble; sending a request message containing a UE identity for contention resolution based on the uplink grant; receiving response in a contention resolution message using the Temporary C-RNTI and receiving back the UE identity; and sending a status of random access procedure to the first eNB. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the performing configuration is performed when the UE receives a Medium Access Control Element (MAC CE) for addition of at least one SCell or replacement of at least one SCell from the PCell. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
receiving a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) order including a random access preamble assignment from one of the first eNB and the second eNB; decoding the RAR message using a Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RA-RNTI) associated with the PRACH, the RAR message comprising an uplink grant and uplink timing advance information in response to the RA preamble; and sending a status of random access procedure to the first eNB. 6. A User Equipment (UE) in a wireless network involving a first evolved Node B (eNB) connected to a second eNB, wherein the UE is carrier aggregated with at least one first serving frequency served by the first eNB and at least one second serving frequency served by the second eNB, wherein said UE comprises:
an integrated circuit comprising at least one processor; at least one memory having a computer program code within the circuit; the computer program code configured to with the at least one processor cause the UE to: perform configuration with a Primary Cell (PCell) of a first evolved Node B (eNB) served on at least one first serving frequency and at least one Secondary Cell (SCell) of a first evolved Node B (eNB) served on at least one first serving frequency; transmit a Random Access (RA) preamble on a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) to one of the at least one SCell, receive a Random Access Response (RAR) message on a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) from the one of the at least one SCell; and transmit uplink data to the one of the at least one SCell. 7. The UE of claim 6, wherein the UE is configured to perform the configuration when the UE receives RRC connection a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection reconfiguration message for addition of at least one SCell or replacement of at least one SCell with a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) configuration. 8. The UE of claim 7, wherein the UE is configured to:
decode the RAR message using a Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RA-RNTI) associated with the PRACH; receive an uplink grant, a random access preamble identifier, a Temporary C-RNTI and uplink timing advance information in response to the RA preamble; send a request message containing a UE identity for contention resolution based on the uplink grant; receive response in a contention resolution message using the Temporary C-RNTI and receiving back the UE identity; and send a status of random access procedure to the first eNB. 9. The UE of claim 6, wherein the UE is configured to perform the configuration when the UE receives a Medium Access Control Element (MAC CE) for addition of at least one SCell or replacement of at least one SCell from the PCell. 10. The UE of claim 9, wherein the UE is configured to:
receive a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) order including a random access preamble assignment from one of the first eNB and the second eNB; decode the RAR message using a Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RA-RNTI) associated with the PRACH, the RAR message comprising an uplink grant and uplink timing advance information in response to the RA preamble; and send a status of random access procedure to the first eNB. 11. A method for performing a Radio Link Failure procedure by a User Equipment (UE) in a wireless network, wherein the UE is carrier aggregated with at least one first serving frequency served by the first eNB and at least one second serving frequency served by the second eNB, the method comprising:
detecting a radio link failure on the second serving frequency; transmitting information on the radio link failure to the first eNB; and receiving a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection reconfiguration message from the first eNB. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the radio link failure is one of a Random Access Channel (RACH) failure indicating that a random access preamble transmission counter exceeds a pre-defined threshold and a Radio Link Control (RLC) error indicating that maximum number of RLC retransmissions towards the second eNB exceeds a predefined threshold. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
refraining from initiating a RRC connection re-establishment procedure towards the first eNB. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the information comprise a connection failure type indicating one of the RACH failure and the RLC error. 15. The method of claim 11, the information is transmitted using a Medium Access Control (MAC) message or using a RRC message. 16. The method of claim 14, the information further comprises a logical channel identity of uplink data radio bearer on which the RLC error is detected. 17. A User Equipment (UE) in a wireless network involving a first evolved Node B (eNB) connected to a second eNB, wherein the UE is carrier aggregated with at least one first serving frequency served by the first eNB and at least one second serving frequency served by the second eNB, wherein said UE comprises:
an integrated circuit comprising at least one processor; at least one memory having a computer program code within the circuit; the computer program code configured to with the at least one processor cause the UE to: detect a radio link failure on the second serving frequency; transmit information on the radio link failure to the first eNB; and receive a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection reconfiguration message from the first eNB. 18. The UE of claim 17, wherein the radio link failure is one of a Random Access Channel (RACH) failure indicating that a random access preamble transmission counter exceeds a pre-defined threshold and a Radio Link Control (RLC) error indicating that maximum number of RLC retransmissions towards the second eNB exceeds a predefined threshold. 19. The UE of claim 17, wherein the UE is further configured to refrain from initiating a RRC connection re-establishment procedure towards the first eNB. 20. The UE of claim 18, wherein the information comprise a connection failure type indicating one of the RACH failure and the RLC error. 21. The UE of claim 17, the information is transmitted using a Medium Access Control (MAC) message or using a RRC message. 22. The UE of claim 20, the information further comprise a logical channel identity of uplink data radio bearer on which the RLC error is detected. 23. A method for performing a Random Access procedure in wireless network, wherein the wireless network comprises a first evolved Node B (eNB) connected to plurality of second eNBs, wherein a User Equipment (UE) is carrier aggregated with at least one first serving frequency served by the first eNB and at least one second serving frequency served by a second eNB among the plurality of second eNBs, the method comprising:
receiving a Random Access (RA) preamble on a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) from the UE at one of the at least one SCell; transmitting a Random Access Response (RAR) message on a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) from the UE at the one of the at least one SCell; and receiving uplink data from the UE at the one of the at least one SCell. 24. The method of claim 23, further comprising:
transmitting a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection reconfiguration message for addition of at least one SCell or replacement of at least one SCell with a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) configuration to the UE at by one of the at least one PCell. 25. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
transmitting an uplink grant, a random access preamble identifier, a Temporary C-RNTI and uplink timing advance information in response to the RA preamble to the UE at by the one of the at least one SCell; receiving a request message containing a UE identity for contention resolution based on the uplink grant from the UE at by the one of the at least one SCell; transmitting response in a contention resolution message using the Temporary C-RNTI and transmitting the UE identity to the UE at by the one of the at least one SCell; and receiving a status of random access procedure from the UE at the one of the at least one PCell. 26. The method of claim 23, further comprising:
transmitting a Medium Access Control Element (MAC CE) for addition of at least one SCell or replacement of at least one SCell to the UE at one of the at least one PCell. 27. The method of claim 26, further comprising:
transmitting, by one of the first eNB and the second eNB, a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) order including a random access preamble assignment to the UE; and receiving, by the first eNB, a status of random access procedure from the UE, wherein the RAR message comprises an uplink grant and uplink timing advance information in response to the RA preamble. 28. A wireless network for performing a Random Access procedure, wherein the wireless network comprises a first evolved Node B (eNB) connected to plurality of second eNBs, wherein a User Equipment (UE) is carrier aggregated with at least one first serving frequency served by the first eNB and at least one second serving frequency served by a second eNB among the plurality of second eNBs, the wireless network is configured to:
receive a Random Access (RA) preamble on a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) from the UE at one of the at least one SCell; transmit a Random Access Response (RAR) message on a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) from the UE at the one of the at least one SCell; and receive uplink data from the UE at the one of the at least one SCell. 29. The wireless network of claim 28, wherein the wireless network is further configured to:
transmit a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection reconfiguration message for addition of at least one SCell or replacement of at least one SCell with a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) configuration to the UE at one of the at least one PCell. 30. The wireless network of claim 29, wherein the wireless network is further configured to:
transmit an uplink grant, a random access preamble identifier, a Temporary C-RNTI and uplink timing advance information in response to the RA preamble to the UE at the one of the at least one SCell; receive a request message containing a UE identity for contention resolution based on the uplink grant from the UE at the one of the at least one SCell; transmit response in a contention resolution message using the Temporary C-RNTI and transmitting the UE identity to the UE at the one of the at least one SCell; and receive a status of random access procedure from the UE at the one of the at least one PCell. 31. The wireless network of claim 28, wherein the wireless network is further configured to:
transmit a Medium Access Control Element (MAC CE) for addition of at least one SCell or replacement of at least one SCell to the UE at one of the at least one PCell. 32. The wireless network of claim 31, wherein the wireless network is further configured to:
transmit, by one of the first eNB and the second eNB a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) order including a random access preamble assignment to the UE; and receive, by the first eNB, a status of random access procedure from the UE, wherein the RAR message comprises an uplink grant and uplink timing advance information in response to the RA preamble. 33. A method for performing a Radio Link Failure procedure in a wireless network, wherein the wireless network comprises a first evolved Node B (eNB) connected to plurality of second eNBs, wherein a User Equipment (UE) is carrier aggregated with at least one first serving frequency served by the first eNB and at least one second serving frequency served by a second eNB among the plurality of second eNBs, the method comprising:
receiving, by the first eNB, information on radio link failure from the UE detecting the radio link failure on the second serving frequency; and transmitting, by the first eNB, a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection reconfiguration message to the UE. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the radio link failure is one of a Random Access Channel (RACH) failure indicating that a random access preamble transmission counter exceeds a pre-defined threshold and a Radio Link Control (RLC) error indicating that maximum number of RLC retransmissions towards the second eNB exceeds a predefined threshold. 35. The method of claim 33, wherein the first eNB does not perform a RRC connection re-establishment procedure with the UE. 36. The method of claim 34, wherein the information comprise a connection failure type indicating one of the RACH failure and the RLC error. 37. The method of claim 33, the information is received using a Medium Access Control (MAC) message or using a RRC message. 38. The method of claim 36, the information further comprises a logical channel identity of uplink data radio bearer on which the RLC error is detected. 39. A wireless network for performing a Radio Link Failure procedure, wherein the wireless network comprises a first evolved Node B (eNB) connected to plurality of second eNBs, wherein a User Equipment (UE) is carrier aggregated with at least one first serving frequency served by the first eNB and at least one second serving frequency served by a second eNB among the plurality of second eNBs, the wireless network is configured to:
receive, by the first eNB, information on radio link failure from the UE detecting the radio link failure on the second serving frequency; and transmit, by the first eNB, a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection reconfiguration message to the UE. 40. The wireless network of claim 39, wherein the radio link failure is one of a Random Access Channel (RACH) failure indicating that a random access preamble transmission counter exceeds a pre-defined threshold and a Radio Link Control (RLC) error indicating that maximum number of RLC retransmissions towards the second eNB exceeds a predefined threshold. 41. The wireless network of claim 39, wherein the first eNB does not perform a RRC connection re-establishment procedure with the UE. 42. The wireless network of claim 40, wherein the information comprise a connection failure type indicating one of the RACH failure and the RLC error. 43. The wireless network of claim 39, the information is received using a Medium Access Control (MAC) message or using a RRC message. 44. The wireless network of claim 42, the information further comprise a logical channel identity of uplink data radio bearer on which the RLC error is detected. | A method and system for configuring a User Equipment (UE) for dual connectivity mode of operation when the UE is carrier aggregated with one or more serving frequencies served by a Master eNB (MeNB) and one or more serving frequencies served by the Secondary eNB (SeNB). The method allows the UE to autonomously initiate the random access procedure on a SCell of the SeNB after adding or replacing SCell of the SeNB. Further, the method allows the UE to handle a Radio Link Failure (RLF) on one or more data radio bearers established between the UE and the SCell of the SeNB.1. A method for performing a Random Access procedure by a User Equipment (UE) in a wireless network, the method comprising:
performing configuration with a Primary Cell (PCell) of a first evolved Node B (eNB) served on at least one first serving frequency and at least one Secondary Cell (SCell) of a first evolved Node B (eNB) served on at least one first serving frequency; transmitting a Random Access (RA) preamble on a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) to one of the at least one SCell; receiving a Random Access Response (RAR) message on a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) from the one of the at least one SCell; and transmitting uplink data to the one of the at least one SCell. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the performing configuration is performed when the UE receives a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection reconfiguration message for addition of at least one SCell or replacement of at least one SCell with a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) configuration. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
decoding the RAR message using a Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RA-RNTI) associated with the PRACH; receiving an uplink grant, a random access preamble identifier, a Temporary C-RNTI and uplink timing advance information in response to the RA preamble; sending a request message containing a UE identity for contention resolution based on the uplink grant; receiving response in a contention resolution message using the Temporary C-RNTI and receiving back the UE identity; and sending a status of random access procedure to the first eNB. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the performing configuration is performed when the UE receives a Medium Access Control Element (MAC CE) for addition of at least one SCell or replacement of at least one SCell from the PCell. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
receiving a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) order including a random access preamble assignment from one of the first eNB and the second eNB; decoding the RAR message using a Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RA-RNTI) associated with the PRACH, the RAR message comprising an uplink grant and uplink timing advance information in response to the RA preamble; and sending a status of random access procedure to the first eNB. 6. A User Equipment (UE) in a wireless network involving a first evolved Node B (eNB) connected to a second eNB, wherein the UE is carrier aggregated with at least one first serving frequency served by the first eNB and at least one second serving frequency served by the second eNB, wherein said UE comprises:
an integrated circuit comprising at least one processor; at least one memory having a computer program code within the circuit; the computer program code configured to with the at least one processor cause the UE to: perform configuration with a Primary Cell (PCell) of a first evolved Node B (eNB) served on at least one first serving frequency and at least one Secondary Cell (SCell) of a first evolved Node B (eNB) served on at least one first serving frequency; transmit a Random Access (RA) preamble on a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) to one of the at least one SCell, receive a Random Access Response (RAR) message on a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) from the one of the at least one SCell; and transmit uplink data to the one of the at least one SCell. 7. The UE of claim 6, wherein the UE is configured to perform the configuration when the UE receives RRC connection a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection reconfiguration message for addition of at least one SCell or replacement of at least one SCell with a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) configuration. 8. The UE of claim 7, wherein the UE is configured to:
decode the RAR message using a Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RA-RNTI) associated with the PRACH; receive an uplink grant, a random access preamble identifier, a Temporary C-RNTI and uplink timing advance information in response to the RA preamble; send a request message containing a UE identity for contention resolution based on the uplink grant; receive response in a contention resolution message using the Temporary C-RNTI and receiving back the UE identity; and send a status of random access procedure to the first eNB. 9. The UE of claim 6, wherein the UE is configured to perform the configuration when the UE receives a Medium Access Control Element (MAC CE) for addition of at least one SCell or replacement of at least one SCell from the PCell. 10. The UE of claim 9, wherein the UE is configured to:
receive a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) order including a random access preamble assignment from one of the first eNB and the second eNB; decode the RAR message using a Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RA-RNTI) associated with the PRACH, the RAR message comprising an uplink grant and uplink timing advance information in response to the RA preamble; and send a status of random access procedure to the first eNB. 11. A method for performing a Radio Link Failure procedure by a User Equipment (UE) in a wireless network, wherein the UE is carrier aggregated with at least one first serving frequency served by the first eNB and at least one second serving frequency served by the second eNB, the method comprising:
detecting a radio link failure on the second serving frequency; transmitting information on the radio link failure to the first eNB; and receiving a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection reconfiguration message from the first eNB. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the radio link failure is one of a Random Access Channel (RACH) failure indicating that a random access preamble transmission counter exceeds a pre-defined threshold and a Radio Link Control (RLC) error indicating that maximum number of RLC retransmissions towards the second eNB exceeds a predefined threshold. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
refraining from initiating a RRC connection re-establishment procedure towards the first eNB. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the information comprise a connection failure type indicating one of the RACH failure and the RLC error. 15. The method of claim 11, the information is transmitted using a Medium Access Control (MAC) message or using a RRC message. 16. The method of claim 14, the information further comprises a logical channel identity of uplink data radio bearer on which the RLC error is detected. 17. A User Equipment (UE) in a wireless network involving a first evolved Node B (eNB) connected to a second eNB, wherein the UE is carrier aggregated with at least one first serving frequency served by the first eNB and at least one second serving frequency served by the second eNB, wherein said UE comprises:
an integrated circuit comprising at least one processor; at least one memory having a computer program code within the circuit; the computer program code configured to with the at least one processor cause the UE to: detect a radio link failure on the second serving frequency; transmit information on the radio link failure to the first eNB; and receive a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection reconfiguration message from the first eNB. 18. The UE of claim 17, wherein the radio link failure is one of a Random Access Channel (RACH) failure indicating that a random access preamble transmission counter exceeds a pre-defined threshold and a Radio Link Control (RLC) error indicating that maximum number of RLC retransmissions towards the second eNB exceeds a predefined threshold. 19. The UE of claim 17, wherein the UE is further configured to refrain from initiating a RRC connection re-establishment procedure towards the first eNB. 20. The UE of claim 18, wherein the information comprise a connection failure type indicating one of the RACH failure and the RLC error. 21. The UE of claim 17, the information is transmitted using a Medium Access Control (MAC) message or using a RRC message. 22. The UE of claim 20, the information further comprise a logical channel identity of uplink data radio bearer on which the RLC error is detected. 23. A method for performing a Random Access procedure in wireless network, wherein the wireless network comprises a first evolved Node B (eNB) connected to plurality of second eNBs, wherein a User Equipment (UE) is carrier aggregated with at least one first serving frequency served by the first eNB and at least one second serving frequency served by a second eNB among the plurality of second eNBs, the method comprising:
receiving a Random Access (RA) preamble on a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) from the UE at one of the at least one SCell; transmitting a Random Access Response (RAR) message on a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) from the UE at the one of the at least one SCell; and receiving uplink data from the UE at the one of the at least one SCell. 24. The method of claim 23, further comprising:
transmitting a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection reconfiguration message for addition of at least one SCell or replacement of at least one SCell with a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) configuration to the UE at by one of the at least one PCell. 25. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
transmitting an uplink grant, a random access preamble identifier, a Temporary C-RNTI and uplink timing advance information in response to the RA preamble to the UE at by the one of the at least one SCell; receiving a request message containing a UE identity for contention resolution based on the uplink grant from the UE at by the one of the at least one SCell; transmitting response in a contention resolution message using the Temporary C-RNTI and transmitting the UE identity to the UE at by the one of the at least one SCell; and receiving a status of random access procedure from the UE at the one of the at least one PCell. 26. The method of claim 23, further comprising:
transmitting a Medium Access Control Element (MAC CE) for addition of at least one SCell or replacement of at least one SCell to the UE at one of the at least one PCell. 27. The method of claim 26, further comprising:
transmitting, by one of the first eNB and the second eNB, a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) order including a random access preamble assignment to the UE; and receiving, by the first eNB, a status of random access procedure from the UE, wherein the RAR message comprises an uplink grant and uplink timing advance information in response to the RA preamble. 28. A wireless network for performing a Random Access procedure, wherein the wireless network comprises a first evolved Node B (eNB) connected to plurality of second eNBs, wherein a User Equipment (UE) is carrier aggregated with at least one first serving frequency served by the first eNB and at least one second serving frequency served by a second eNB among the plurality of second eNBs, the wireless network is configured to:
receive a Random Access (RA) preamble on a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) from the UE at one of the at least one SCell; transmit a Random Access Response (RAR) message on a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) from the UE at the one of the at least one SCell; and receive uplink data from the UE at the one of the at least one SCell. 29. The wireless network of claim 28, wherein the wireless network is further configured to:
transmit a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection reconfiguration message for addition of at least one SCell or replacement of at least one SCell with a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) configuration to the UE at one of the at least one PCell. 30. The wireless network of claim 29, wherein the wireless network is further configured to:
transmit an uplink grant, a random access preamble identifier, a Temporary C-RNTI and uplink timing advance information in response to the RA preamble to the UE at the one of the at least one SCell; receive a request message containing a UE identity for contention resolution based on the uplink grant from the UE at the one of the at least one SCell; transmit response in a contention resolution message using the Temporary C-RNTI and transmitting the UE identity to the UE at the one of the at least one SCell; and receive a status of random access procedure from the UE at the one of the at least one PCell. 31. The wireless network of claim 28, wherein the wireless network is further configured to:
transmit a Medium Access Control Element (MAC CE) for addition of at least one SCell or replacement of at least one SCell to the UE at one of the at least one PCell. 32. The wireless network of claim 31, wherein the wireless network is further configured to:
transmit, by one of the first eNB and the second eNB a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) order including a random access preamble assignment to the UE; and receive, by the first eNB, a status of random access procedure from the UE, wherein the RAR message comprises an uplink grant and uplink timing advance information in response to the RA preamble. 33. A method for performing a Radio Link Failure procedure in a wireless network, wherein the wireless network comprises a first evolved Node B (eNB) connected to plurality of second eNBs, wherein a User Equipment (UE) is carrier aggregated with at least one first serving frequency served by the first eNB and at least one second serving frequency served by a second eNB among the plurality of second eNBs, the method comprising:
receiving, by the first eNB, information on radio link failure from the UE detecting the radio link failure on the second serving frequency; and transmitting, by the first eNB, a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection reconfiguration message to the UE. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the radio link failure is one of a Random Access Channel (RACH) failure indicating that a random access preamble transmission counter exceeds a pre-defined threshold and a Radio Link Control (RLC) error indicating that maximum number of RLC retransmissions towards the second eNB exceeds a predefined threshold. 35. The method of claim 33, wherein the first eNB does not perform a RRC connection re-establishment procedure with the UE. 36. The method of claim 34, wherein the information comprise a connection failure type indicating one of the RACH failure and the RLC error. 37. The method of claim 33, the information is received using a Medium Access Control (MAC) message or using a RRC message. 38. The method of claim 36, the information further comprises a logical channel identity of uplink data radio bearer on which the RLC error is detected. 39. A wireless network for performing a Radio Link Failure procedure, wherein the wireless network comprises a first evolved Node B (eNB) connected to plurality of second eNBs, wherein a User Equipment (UE) is carrier aggregated with at least one first serving frequency served by the first eNB and at least one second serving frequency served by a second eNB among the plurality of second eNBs, the wireless network is configured to:
receive, by the first eNB, information on radio link failure from the UE detecting the radio link failure on the second serving frequency; and transmit, by the first eNB, a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection reconfiguration message to the UE. 40. The wireless network of claim 39, wherein the radio link failure is one of a Random Access Channel (RACH) failure indicating that a random access preamble transmission counter exceeds a pre-defined threshold and a Radio Link Control (RLC) error indicating that maximum number of RLC retransmissions towards the second eNB exceeds a predefined threshold. 41. The wireless network of claim 39, wherein the first eNB does not perform a RRC connection re-establishment procedure with the UE. 42. The wireless network of claim 40, wherein the information comprise a connection failure type indicating one of the RACH failure and the RLC error. 43. The wireless network of claim 39, the information is received using a Medium Access Control (MAC) message or using a RRC message. 44. The wireless network of claim 42, the information further comprise a logical channel identity of uplink data radio bearer on which the RLC error is detected. | 2,400 |
9,562 | 9,562 | 13,531,293 | 2,642 | There is provided a method of determining a timing estimate for use in synchronizing a femtocell base station to a macrocell base station, the method in the femtocell base station comprising determining an uplink timing estimate from a signal transmitted from a mobile device to the macrocell base station, the mobile device being served by the macrocell base station; determining a downlink timing estimate from a signal transmitted from the macrocell base station; and determining a timing estimate for use in synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station from the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate. | 1. A method of determining a timing estimate for use in synchronizing a femtocell base station to a macrocell base station, the method in the femtocell base station comprising:
determining an uplink timing estimate from a signal transmitted from a mobile device to the macrocell base station, the mobile device being served by the macrocell base station; determining a downlink timing estimate from a signal transmitted from the macrocell base station; and determining a timing estimate for use in synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station from the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate. 2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the signal transmitted from the mobile device to the macrocell base station comprises a plurality of symbols, each symbol having a cyclic prefix, and wherein the step of determining an uplink timing estimate from the signal transmitted from the mobile device to the macrocell base station comprises determining an uplink symbol timing estimate by:
examining the signal transmitted from the mobile device and identifying repeated portions in the signal transmitted from the mobile device, the repeated portions being a cyclic prefix at the start of a symbol and a final portion of the symbol corresponding to the cyclic prefix; and determining the uplink symbol timing estimate as the start of the identified cyclic prefix. 3. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein determining a downlink timing estimate from the signal transmitted from the macrocell base station comprises determining a downlink symbol timing estimate from synchronization information contained in the signal. 4. A method as claimed in claim 1, the method further comprising:
determining an offset between uplink and downlink transmissions between the macrocell base station and the mobile device, wherein the timing estimate for use in synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station is determined from at least one of the offset, the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate. 5. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method in the femtocell base station further comprises:
identifying a mobile device that is being served by the macrocell base station and that is near to the femtocell base station, wherein the step of determining an uplink timing estimate comprises determining the uplink timing estimate from a signal transmitted to the macrocell base station by the identified mobile device. 6. A method as claimed in claim 5, wherein identifying a mobile device that is near to the femtocell base station comprises:
receiving signals at the femtocell base station transmitted by a mobile device that is being served by the macrocell base station; comparing the strength of the signals received at the femtocell base station to a threshold; and determining that the mobile device is close to the femtocell base station if the strength of the signals exceeds the threshold. 7. A method as claimed in claim 5, further comprising causing a mobile device that is being served by the femtocell base station to hand-off to the macrocell base station, and determining an uplink timing estimate comprises determining the uplink timing estimate from a signal transmitted to the macrocell base station by that mobile device. 8. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the timing estimate determined when determining a timing estimate for use in synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station is an estimate of the propagation delay between the macrocell base station and the femtocell base station. 9. A method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the estimate of the propagation delay is determined from a difference between the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate. 10. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the timing estimate determined in the step of determining a timing estimate for use in synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station is an estimate of the symbol timing at the macrocell base station. 11. A method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the estimate of the symbol timing at the macrocell base station is determined by (i) taking the average of the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate; (ii) estimating the propagation delay between the macrocell base station and the femtocell base station from the difference between the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate and subtracting the estimated propagation delay from the downlink timing estimate; or (iii) estimating the propagation delay between the macrocell base station and the femtocell base station from the difference between the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate and adding the estimated propagation delay to the uplink timing estimate. 12. The method as claimed in claim 1 further comprising synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station by determining a timing estimate using the method as claimed in claim 1 and adjusting the timing of transmissions from the femtocell base station according to the determined timing estimate. 13. A femtocell base station for use in a communication network that includes at least one macrocell base station, the femtocell base station comprising:
a processor configured to execute computer-readable code; a memory accessible by the processor, the memory storing non-transitory computer-readable code configured to:
determine an uplink timing estimate from a signal transmitted from a mobile device to the macrocell base station, the mobile device being served by the macrocell base station;
determine a downlink timing estimate from a signal transmitted from the macrocell base station; and
determine a timing estimate for use in synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station from the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate. 14. A femtocell base station for use in a communication network comprising at least one macrocell base station, the femtocell base station comprising:
a processor configured to determine a timing estimate for use in synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station by:
determining an uplink timing estimate from a signal transmitted from a mobile device to the macrocell base station, the mobile device being served by the macrocell base station;
determining a downlink timing estimate from a signal transmitted from the macrocell base station; and
determining a timing estimate for use in synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station from the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate. 15. A femtocell base station as claimed in claim 14, wherein the signal transmitted from the mobile device to the macrocell base station comprises a plurality of symbols, each symbol having a cyclic prefix, and wherein the uplink timing estimate is an uplink symbol timing estimate, and the processor is configured to determine the uplink symbol timing estimate from the signal transmitted from the mobile device to the macrocell base station by:
examining the signal and identifying repeated portions in the signal, the repeated portions being a cyclic prefix at the start of a symbol and a final portion of the symbol corresponding to the cyclic prefix; and determining the uplink symbol timing estimate as the start of the identified cyclic prefix. 16. A femtocell base station as claimed in claim 14, wherein the downlink timing estimate is a downlink symbol timing estimate, and the processor is configured to determine the downlink symbol timing estimate from synchronization information contained in the signal transmitted from the macrocell base station. 17. A femtocell base station as claimed in claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine an offset between uplink and downlink transmissions between the macrocell base station and the mobile device, and determine the timing estimate for use in synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station from one or more of the offset, the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate. 18. A femtocell base station as claimed in claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to:
identify a mobile device that is being served by the macrocell base station and that is near to the femtocell base station; and determine the uplink timing estimate from a signal transmitted to the macrocell base station by the identified mobile device. 19. A femtocell base station as claimed in claim 18, wherein the processor is configured to identify a mobile device that is near to the femtocell base station by:
comparing the strength of signals received at the femtocell base station that have been transmitted by a mobile device served by the macrocell base station to a threshold; and determining that the mobile device is close to the femtocell base station if the strength of the signals exceeds the threshold. 20. A femtocell base station as claimed in claim 18, wherein the processor is further configured to:
cause a mobile device that is being served by the femtocell base station to hand-off to the macrocell base station; and determine the uplink timing estimate from a signal transmitted to the macrocell base station by that mobile device. 21. A femtocell base station as claimed in any of claims 14, wherein the timing estimate for use in synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station determined by the processor is an estimate of the propagation delay between the macrocell base station and the femtocell base station. 22. A femtocell base station as claimed in claim 21, wherein the processor is configured to determine the estimate of the propagation delay from the difference between the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate. 23. A femtocell base station as claimed in claim 14, wherein the timing estimate for use in synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station determined by the processor is an estimate of the symbol timing at the macrocell base station. 24. A femtocell base station as claimed in claim 23, wherein the processor is configured to determine the estimate of the symbol timing at the macrocell base station by (i) taking the average of the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate; (ii) estimating the propagation delay between the macrocell base station and the femtocell base station from the difference between the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate and subtracting the estimated propagation delay from the downlink timing estimate; or (iii) estimating the propagation delay between the macrocell base station and the femtocell base station from the difference between the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate and adding the estimated propagation delay to the uplink timing estimate. 25. A femtocell base station as claimed in any of claims 14, wherein the processor is further configured to adjust the timing of transmissions from the femtocell base station according to the determined timing estimate. | There is provided a method of determining a timing estimate for use in synchronizing a femtocell base station to a macrocell base station, the method in the femtocell base station comprising determining an uplink timing estimate from a signal transmitted from a mobile device to the macrocell base station, the mobile device being served by the macrocell base station; determining a downlink timing estimate from a signal transmitted from the macrocell base station; and determining a timing estimate for use in synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station from the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate.1. A method of determining a timing estimate for use in synchronizing a femtocell base station to a macrocell base station, the method in the femtocell base station comprising:
determining an uplink timing estimate from a signal transmitted from a mobile device to the macrocell base station, the mobile device being served by the macrocell base station; determining a downlink timing estimate from a signal transmitted from the macrocell base station; and determining a timing estimate for use in synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station from the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate. 2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the signal transmitted from the mobile device to the macrocell base station comprises a plurality of symbols, each symbol having a cyclic prefix, and wherein the step of determining an uplink timing estimate from the signal transmitted from the mobile device to the macrocell base station comprises determining an uplink symbol timing estimate by:
examining the signal transmitted from the mobile device and identifying repeated portions in the signal transmitted from the mobile device, the repeated portions being a cyclic prefix at the start of a symbol and a final portion of the symbol corresponding to the cyclic prefix; and determining the uplink symbol timing estimate as the start of the identified cyclic prefix. 3. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein determining a downlink timing estimate from the signal transmitted from the macrocell base station comprises determining a downlink symbol timing estimate from synchronization information contained in the signal. 4. A method as claimed in claim 1, the method further comprising:
determining an offset between uplink and downlink transmissions between the macrocell base station and the mobile device, wherein the timing estimate for use in synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station is determined from at least one of the offset, the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate. 5. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method in the femtocell base station further comprises:
identifying a mobile device that is being served by the macrocell base station and that is near to the femtocell base station, wherein the step of determining an uplink timing estimate comprises determining the uplink timing estimate from a signal transmitted to the macrocell base station by the identified mobile device. 6. A method as claimed in claim 5, wherein identifying a mobile device that is near to the femtocell base station comprises:
receiving signals at the femtocell base station transmitted by a mobile device that is being served by the macrocell base station; comparing the strength of the signals received at the femtocell base station to a threshold; and determining that the mobile device is close to the femtocell base station if the strength of the signals exceeds the threshold. 7. A method as claimed in claim 5, further comprising causing a mobile device that is being served by the femtocell base station to hand-off to the macrocell base station, and determining an uplink timing estimate comprises determining the uplink timing estimate from a signal transmitted to the macrocell base station by that mobile device. 8. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the timing estimate determined when determining a timing estimate for use in synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station is an estimate of the propagation delay between the macrocell base station and the femtocell base station. 9. A method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the estimate of the propagation delay is determined from a difference between the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate. 10. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the timing estimate determined in the step of determining a timing estimate for use in synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station is an estimate of the symbol timing at the macrocell base station. 11. A method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the estimate of the symbol timing at the macrocell base station is determined by (i) taking the average of the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate; (ii) estimating the propagation delay between the macrocell base station and the femtocell base station from the difference between the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate and subtracting the estimated propagation delay from the downlink timing estimate; or (iii) estimating the propagation delay between the macrocell base station and the femtocell base station from the difference between the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate and adding the estimated propagation delay to the uplink timing estimate. 12. The method as claimed in claim 1 further comprising synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station by determining a timing estimate using the method as claimed in claim 1 and adjusting the timing of transmissions from the femtocell base station according to the determined timing estimate. 13. A femtocell base station for use in a communication network that includes at least one macrocell base station, the femtocell base station comprising:
a processor configured to execute computer-readable code; a memory accessible by the processor, the memory storing non-transitory computer-readable code configured to:
determine an uplink timing estimate from a signal transmitted from a mobile device to the macrocell base station, the mobile device being served by the macrocell base station;
determine a downlink timing estimate from a signal transmitted from the macrocell base station; and
determine a timing estimate for use in synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station from the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate. 14. A femtocell base station for use in a communication network comprising at least one macrocell base station, the femtocell base station comprising:
a processor configured to determine a timing estimate for use in synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station by:
determining an uplink timing estimate from a signal transmitted from a mobile device to the macrocell base station, the mobile device being served by the macrocell base station;
determining a downlink timing estimate from a signal transmitted from the macrocell base station; and
determining a timing estimate for use in synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station from the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate. 15. A femtocell base station as claimed in claim 14, wherein the signal transmitted from the mobile device to the macrocell base station comprises a plurality of symbols, each symbol having a cyclic prefix, and wherein the uplink timing estimate is an uplink symbol timing estimate, and the processor is configured to determine the uplink symbol timing estimate from the signal transmitted from the mobile device to the macrocell base station by:
examining the signal and identifying repeated portions in the signal, the repeated portions being a cyclic prefix at the start of a symbol and a final portion of the symbol corresponding to the cyclic prefix; and determining the uplink symbol timing estimate as the start of the identified cyclic prefix. 16. A femtocell base station as claimed in claim 14, wherein the downlink timing estimate is a downlink symbol timing estimate, and the processor is configured to determine the downlink symbol timing estimate from synchronization information contained in the signal transmitted from the macrocell base station. 17. A femtocell base station as claimed in claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine an offset between uplink and downlink transmissions between the macrocell base station and the mobile device, and determine the timing estimate for use in synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station from one or more of the offset, the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate. 18. A femtocell base station as claimed in claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to:
identify a mobile device that is being served by the macrocell base station and that is near to the femtocell base station; and determine the uplink timing estimate from a signal transmitted to the macrocell base station by the identified mobile device. 19. A femtocell base station as claimed in claim 18, wherein the processor is configured to identify a mobile device that is near to the femtocell base station by:
comparing the strength of signals received at the femtocell base station that have been transmitted by a mobile device served by the macrocell base station to a threshold; and determining that the mobile device is close to the femtocell base station if the strength of the signals exceeds the threshold. 20. A femtocell base station as claimed in claim 18, wherein the processor is further configured to:
cause a mobile device that is being served by the femtocell base station to hand-off to the macrocell base station; and determine the uplink timing estimate from a signal transmitted to the macrocell base station by that mobile device. 21. A femtocell base station as claimed in any of claims 14, wherein the timing estimate for use in synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station determined by the processor is an estimate of the propagation delay between the macrocell base station and the femtocell base station. 22. A femtocell base station as claimed in claim 21, wherein the processor is configured to determine the estimate of the propagation delay from the difference between the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate. 23. A femtocell base station as claimed in claim 14, wherein the timing estimate for use in synchronizing the femtocell base station to the macrocell base station determined by the processor is an estimate of the symbol timing at the macrocell base station. 24. A femtocell base station as claimed in claim 23, wherein the processor is configured to determine the estimate of the symbol timing at the macrocell base station by (i) taking the average of the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate; (ii) estimating the propagation delay between the macrocell base station and the femtocell base station from the difference between the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate and subtracting the estimated propagation delay from the downlink timing estimate; or (iii) estimating the propagation delay between the macrocell base station and the femtocell base station from the difference between the downlink timing estimate and the uplink timing estimate and adding the estimated propagation delay to the uplink timing estimate. 25. A femtocell base station as claimed in any of claims 14, wherein the processor is further configured to adjust the timing of transmissions from the femtocell base station according to the determined timing estimate. | 2,600 |
9,563 | 9,563 | 14,460,129 | 2,691 | A display device is provided which includes a display panel including a display area including a first display area and a second display area, a plurality of first and second pixels disposed in the first and second display area, respectively, a driving circuit unit configured to generate first and second image signals corresponding to the plurality of first and second pixels, a first and second control unit configured to convert first and second image signals sequentially receive the first and second image signals corresponding to the plurality of first and second pixels in the order of distance from a boundary between the first display area and the second display area. | 1. A display device comprising:
a display panel including a display area and a non-display area surrounding the display area, the display area including a first display area and a second display area; a plurality of first pixels disposed in the first display area and connected to a plurality of gate lines and a plurality of first data lines; a plurality of second pixels disposed in the second display area and connected to the plurality of gate lines and a plurality of second data lines; a driving circuit unit configured to generate first and second image signals corresponding to the plurality of first and second pixels; a first control unit configured to convert first image signals into first data voltages and to provide the first data voltages to the plurality of first pixels; and a second control unit configured to convert second image signals into second data voltages and to provide the second data voltages to the plurality of second pixels, wherein the driving circuit unit is configured to sequentially provide the first and second image signals corresponding to the plurality of first and second pixels to the respective first control unit and second control unit in the order of distance from a boundary between the first display area and the second display area. 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein the driving circuit unit is configured to generate a first control signal to be provided to the first control unit and a second control signal to be provided to the second control unit,
wherein the first control unit converts the first image signals into the first data voltages in response to the first control signal, and wherein the second control unit converts the second image signals into the second data voltages in response to the second control signal. 3. The display device of claim 2, wherein the first control unit comprises:
a first timing controller configured to generate a first data control signal and a gate control signal in response to the first control signal and to convert a data format of the first image signals; and a first data driving unit configured to convert the first image signals with the converted data format into the first data voltages in response to the first data control signal and to provide the first data voltages to the plurality of first pixels. 4. The display device of claim 3, wherein the second control unit comprises:
a second timing controller configured to generate a second data control signal in response to the second control signal and to convert a data format of the second image signals; and a second data driving unit configured to convert the second image signals with the converted data format into the second data voltages in response to the second data control signal and to provide the second data voltages to the plurality of second pixels. 5. The display device of claim 1, wherein the first and second control units are disposed on the non-display area of the display panel adjacent to the first and second display areas. 6. The display device of claim 5, wherein the first and second control units are disposed on the non-display area in a COG manner. 7. The display device of claim 5, further comprising:
a gate driving unit disposed in the non-display area and configured to generate a plurality of gate signals to be provided to the plurality of gate lines. 8. The display device of claim 7, wherein the first control unit generates a gate control signal to be provided to the gate driving unit, and
wherein the gate driving unit generates the gate signal in response to the gate control signal and sequentially provides the gate signals to the plurality of gate lines by a row at a time. 9. The display device of claim 1, wherein the first and second control units exchange the first and second image signals. 10. The display device of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of first and second pixels is provided with a data voltage generated with reference to image signals of other pixels. 11. The display device of claim 10, wherein the first and second image signals corresponding to the first and second pixels disposed to be a substantially same distance from the boundary are simultaneously provided to the first and second control units. 12. The display device of claim 1, wherein the first and second image signals corresponding to the first and second pixels disposed to be a substantially same distance from the boundary are simultaneously provided to the first and second control units. 13. The display device of claim 1, wherein the driving circuit unit provides the first and second image signals to every gate line. 14. A method of driving a display device, comprising:
providing a plurality of first image signals corresponding to a plurality of first pixels disposed in a first display area of a display panel to a first control unit; providing a plurality of second image signals corresponding to a plurality of second pixels disposed in a second display area of the display panel to a second control unit; and converting the plurality of first and second image signals into first and second data voltages corresponding to the plurality of first and second pixels, wherein the plurality of first pixels are connected to a plurality of gate lines and a plurality of first data lines, and the plurality of second pixels are connected to the plurality of gate lines and a plurality of second data lines, and wherein the plurality of first and second image signals are configured to be provided to the first control unit and the second control unit in the order of distance from a boundary between the first display area and the second display area. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein each of the plurality of first and second pixels is provided with a data voltage generated with reference to image signals of other pixels. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the plurality of first and second image signals corresponding to the first and second pixels disposed to be a substantially same distance from the boundary are simultaneously provided to the first and second control units. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the plurality of first and second image signals corresponding to the first and second pixels disposed to be a substantially same distance from the boundary are simultaneously provided to the first and second control units. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the plurality of first and second image signals are provided by a row unit of gate lines. 19. A display device comprising:
a display panel including a plurality of first pixels disposed in a first display area and a plurality of second pixels disposed in a second display area; a driving circuit unit configured to generate first and second image signals corresponding to the plurality of first and second pixels; a first control unit configured to convert first image signals into first data voltages and to provide the first data voltages to the plurality of first pixels; and a second control unit configured to convert second image signals into second data voltages and to provide the second data voltages to the plurality of second pixels, wherein the plurality of first and second image signals corresponding to the first and second pixels disposed to be a substantially same distance from a boundary between the first display area and the second display area are simultaneously provided to the first and second control units. | A display device is provided which includes a display panel including a display area including a first display area and a second display area, a plurality of first and second pixels disposed in the first and second display area, respectively, a driving circuit unit configured to generate first and second image signals corresponding to the plurality of first and second pixels, a first and second control unit configured to convert first and second image signals sequentially receive the first and second image signals corresponding to the plurality of first and second pixels in the order of distance from a boundary between the first display area and the second display area.1. A display device comprising:
a display panel including a display area and a non-display area surrounding the display area, the display area including a first display area and a second display area; a plurality of first pixels disposed in the first display area and connected to a plurality of gate lines and a plurality of first data lines; a plurality of second pixels disposed in the second display area and connected to the plurality of gate lines and a plurality of second data lines; a driving circuit unit configured to generate first and second image signals corresponding to the plurality of first and second pixels; a first control unit configured to convert first image signals into first data voltages and to provide the first data voltages to the plurality of first pixels; and a second control unit configured to convert second image signals into second data voltages and to provide the second data voltages to the plurality of second pixels, wherein the driving circuit unit is configured to sequentially provide the first and second image signals corresponding to the plurality of first and second pixels to the respective first control unit and second control unit in the order of distance from a boundary between the first display area and the second display area. 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein the driving circuit unit is configured to generate a first control signal to be provided to the first control unit and a second control signal to be provided to the second control unit,
wherein the first control unit converts the first image signals into the first data voltages in response to the first control signal, and wherein the second control unit converts the second image signals into the second data voltages in response to the second control signal. 3. The display device of claim 2, wherein the first control unit comprises:
a first timing controller configured to generate a first data control signal and a gate control signal in response to the first control signal and to convert a data format of the first image signals; and a first data driving unit configured to convert the first image signals with the converted data format into the first data voltages in response to the first data control signal and to provide the first data voltages to the plurality of first pixels. 4. The display device of claim 3, wherein the second control unit comprises:
a second timing controller configured to generate a second data control signal in response to the second control signal and to convert a data format of the second image signals; and a second data driving unit configured to convert the second image signals with the converted data format into the second data voltages in response to the second data control signal and to provide the second data voltages to the plurality of second pixels. 5. The display device of claim 1, wherein the first and second control units are disposed on the non-display area of the display panel adjacent to the first and second display areas. 6. The display device of claim 5, wherein the first and second control units are disposed on the non-display area in a COG manner. 7. The display device of claim 5, further comprising:
a gate driving unit disposed in the non-display area and configured to generate a plurality of gate signals to be provided to the plurality of gate lines. 8. The display device of claim 7, wherein the first control unit generates a gate control signal to be provided to the gate driving unit, and
wherein the gate driving unit generates the gate signal in response to the gate control signal and sequentially provides the gate signals to the plurality of gate lines by a row at a time. 9. The display device of claim 1, wherein the first and second control units exchange the first and second image signals. 10. The display device of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of first and second pixels is provided with a data voltage generated with reference to image signals of other pixels. 11. The display device of claim 10, wherein the first and second image signals corresponding to the first and second pixels disposed to be a substantially same distance from the boundary are simultaneously provided to the first and second control units. 12. The display device of claim 1, wherein the first and second image signals corresponding to the first and second pixels disposed to be a substantially same distance from the boundary are simultaneously provided to the first and second control units. 13. The display device of claim 1, wherein the driving circuit unit provides the first and second image signals to every gate line. 14. A method of driving a display device, comprising:
providing a plurality of first image signals corresponding to a plurality of first pixels disposed in a first display area of a display panel to a first control unit; providing a plurality of second image signals corresponding to a plurality of second pixels disposed in a second display area of the display panel to a second control unit; and converting the plurality of first and second image signals into first and second data voltages corresponding to the plurality of first and second pixels, wherein the plurality of first pixels are connected to a plurality of gate lines and a plurality of first data lines, and the plurality of second pixels are connected to the plurality of gate lines and a plurality of second data lines, and wherein the plurality of first and second image signals are configured to be provided to the first control unit and the second control unit in the order of distance from a boundary between the first display area and the second display area. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein each of the plurality of first and second pixels is provided with a data voltage generated with reference to image signals of other pixels. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the plurality of first and second image signals corresponding to the first and second pixels disposed to be a substantially same distance from the boundary are simultaneously provided to the first and second control units. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the plurality of first and second image signals corresponding to the first and second pixels disposed to be a substantially same distance from the boundary are simultaneously provided to the first and second control units. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the plurality of first and second image signals are provided by a row unit of gate lines. 19. A display device comprising:
a display panel including a plurality of first pixels disposed in a first display area and a plurality of second pixels disposed in a second display area; a driving circuit unit configured to generate first and second image signals corresponding to the plurality of first and second pixels; a first control unit configured to convert first image signals into first data voltages and to provide the first data voltages to the plurality of first pixels; and a second control unit configured to convert second image signals into second data voltages and to provide the second data voltages to the plurality of second pixels, wherein the plurality of first and second image signals corresponding to the first and second pixels disposed to be a substantially same distance from a boundary between the first display area and the second display area are simultaneously provided to the first and second control units. | 2,600 |
9,564 | 9,564 | 15,097,137 | 2,621 | A near-eye display device includes (a) a display unit for displaying a display image, (b) a viewing unit for presenting the display image to the eye and transmitting ambient light from an ambient scene toward the eye, and (c) an eye imaging unit including (i) an illumination module for generating at least three infrared light beams propagating along at least three different, non-coplanar directions, respectively, (ii) a first beamsplitter interface, disposed between the display unit and the viewing unit, for merging at least a portion of each of the infrared light beams with visible display light to direct each portion toward the eye via the viewing unit, and (iii) a camera for imaging, via the viewing unit and the first beamsplitter interface, pupil of the eye and reflections of the infrared light beams incident on the eye, to form one or more images indicative of gaze direction of the eye. | 1. A near-eye display device, with coaxial eye tracking, for mounting in field of view of an eye of a user, comprising:
a display unit for displaying a display image; a viewing unit for presenting the display image to the eye, based upon visible display light received from the display unit, and transmitting ambient light from an ambient scene toward the eye; and an eye imaging unit including
an illumination module for generating at least three infrared light beams propagating along at least three different, non-coplanar directions, respectively,
a first beamsplitter interface, disposed between the display unit and the viewing unit, for merging at least a portion of each of the infrared light beams with the visible light to direct each portion toward the eye via the viewing unit, and
a camera for imaging, via the viewing unit and the first beamsplitter interface, pupil of the eye and reflections of the infrared light beams incident on the eye, to form one or more images indicative of gaze direction of the eye. 2. The near-eye display device of claim 1, the illumination module comprising:
a single light source for generating infrared light; and a diffraction module for diffracting the infrared light to generate the infrared light beams. 3. The near-eye display device of claim 2, the diffraction module comprising a plurality of one-dimensional diffraction gratings coupled in series and positioned to transmit at least a portion of the infrared light to generate the infrared light beams. 4. The near-eye display device of claim 3, the plurality of one-dimensional diffraction gratings being configured to diffract the infrared light in a respective plurality of co-planar, mutually non-parallel diffraction dimensions. 5. The near-eye display device of claim 2, the diffraction module further comprising an aperture sized and positioned to transmit only diffraction orders of the infrared light respectively forming the infrared light beams. 6. The near-eye display device of claim 2, the single light source comprising:
a light emitting diode; and power control circuitry adapted to operate the light emitting diode at two different power settings to generate the infrared light at a higher intensity and a lower intensity, respectively. 7. The near-eye display device of claim 1, the first beamsplitter interface being a polarizing beamsplitter interface configured to (a) transmit the visible display light toward the viewing unit and (b) reflect toward the viewing unit a polarized component of each of the infrared light beams. 8. The near-eye display device of claim 1, the first beamsplitter interface further being configured to separate from the visible display light a reflected portion of each of the infrared light beams, reflected by the eye, and direct each said reflected portion toward the camera for imaging of reflections of the infrared light beams incident on the eye. 9. The near-eye display device of claim 8, the camera further comprising a spectral filter configured to at least partly transmit the infrared light and a red portion of visible spectrum, such that the spectral filter (a) at least partly transmits each said reflected portion to allow imaging, by the camera, of reflections of the infrared light beams incident on the eye, (b) at least partly transmits red ambient light, reflected by the eye, to allow imaging of the pupil by the camera, and (c) substantially blocks visible light that is not red. 10. The near-eye display device of claim 1, further comprising a gaze evaluator for processing the images to determine the gaze direction. 11. The near-eye display device of claim 10, the gaze evaluator comprising:
a processor; and a memory including machine-readable instructions that, upon execution by the processor, determines a first location of the pupil relative to reflections of the infrared light beams incident on the eye and derives the gaze direction at least in part from the first location. 12. A method for coaxial eye tracking in a near-eye display device mounted in field of view of an eye of a user, comprising:
generating infrared light using a single light source; diffracting the infrared light to generate at least three infrared light beams propagating along at least three different, non-coplanar directions, respectively; on a first beamsplitter interface, merging the infrared light beams with visible display light from a display; on a second beamsplitter interface, superimposing the infrared light beams and the visible display light on ambient light from an ambient scene to illuminate the eye with the infrared light beams and present an image of the display to the eye while allowing the eye to view the ambient scene; and via second beamsplitter interface and the first beamsplitter interface, imaging pupil of the eye and reflections of the infrared light beams incident on the eye, to form one or more images indicative of gaze direction of the eye. 13. The method of claim 12,
the step of diffracting comprising at least partly transmitting the infrared light through a plurality of one-dimensional diffraction gratings configured to diffract the infrared light in a respective plurality of co-planar, mutually non-parallel diffraction dimensions, to generate a plurality of diffraction orders of the infrared light; and the method further comprising selecting at least three of the diffraction orders as the at least three infrared light beams, respectively. 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
using the first beamsplitter interface to separate from the visible display light (a) a reflected portion of each of the infrared light beams reflected by the eye and (b) a portion of visible light reflected by the eye; and in the step of imaging:
forming an image of reflections of the infrared light beams incident on the eye based upon each said reflected portion received from the first beamsplitter interface, and
forming an image of the pupil based upon said portion of visible light received from the first beamsplitter interface. 15. The method of claim 14, the step of imaging further comprising spectrally filtering light to image each said reflected portion and only a red portion of visible spectrum. 16. The method of claim 12, comprising:
in the step of generating, sequentially generating the infrared light at a first intensity and a second intensity, the second intensity being lower than the first intensity; and in the step of imaging, (a) capturing a first image of the eye when the infrared light is at the first intensity and (b) capturing a second image of the eye when the infrared light is at the second intensity. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising repeatedly performing the steps of generating and imaging to improve image quality. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
processing the first and second images to determine (a) a first location of the pupil relative to reflections of the infrared light beams incident on the eye for the first intensity of the infrared light, and (b) a second location of the pupil relative to reflections of the infrared light beams incident on the eye for the second intensity of the infrared light; forming average of the first location and the second location; and deriving the gaze direction from the average. 19. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
processing the images to determine first location of the pupil relative to reflections of the infrared light beams incident on the eye; and deriving the gaze direction at least in part from the first location of the pupil. 20. The method of claim 19, the step of deriving comprising comparing (a) the first location to (b) a second location of the pupil relative to reflections of the infrared light beams incident on the eye when the eye is in a calibration-associated gaze direction. 21. The method of claim 20, comprising:
in the step of processing:
determining a first center of triangle formed in the images by reflections of the infrared light beams incident on the eye, and
calculating the first location as a first vector between the pupil and the first center; and
in the step of comparing, comparing the first vector to a second vector between the second location of the pupil and a second center of triangle formed in the images by reflections of the infrared light beams incident on the eye when the eye is in a calibration-associated gaze direction. 22. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
instructing the user to look in the calibration-associated gaze direction; performing the steps of generating, diffracting, merging, superimposing, and imaging while the user looks in the calibration-associated gaze direction to determine, in the step of processing, a second location of the pupil relative to reflections of the infrared light beams incident on the eye when the eye has the calibration-associated gaze direction; saving the second location to memory of the near-eye display device; and in the step of deriving, deriving the gaze direction by comparing the first location to the second location. | A near-eye display device includes (a) a display unit for displaying a display image, (b) a viewing unit for presenting the display image to the eye and transmitting ambient light from an ambient scene toward the eye, and (c) an eye imaging unit including (i) an illumination module for generating at least three infrared light beams propagating along at least three different, non-coplanar directions, respectively, (ii) a first beamsplitter interface, disposed between the display unit and the viewing unit, for merging at least a portion of each of the infrared light beams with visible display light to direct each portion toward the eye via the viewing unit, and (iii) a camera for imaging, via the viewing unit and the first beamsplitter interface, pupil of the eye and reflections of the infrared light beams incident on the eye, to form one or more images indicative of gaze direction of the eye.1. A near-eye display device, with coaxial eye tracking, for mounting in field of view of an eye of a user, comprising:
a display unit for displaying a display image; a viewing unit for presenting the display image to the eye, based upon visible display light received from the display unit, and transmitting ambient light from an ambient scene toward the eye; and an eye imaging unit including
an illumination module for generating at least three infrared light beams propagating along at least three different, non-coplanar directions, respectively,
a first beamsplitter interface, disposed between the display unit and the viewing unit, for merging at least a portion of each of the infrared light beams with the visible light to direct each portion toward the eye via the viewing unit, and
a camera for imaging, via the viewing unit and the first beamsplitter interface, pupil of the eye and reflections of the infrared light beams incident on the eye, to form one or more images indicative of gaze direction of the eye. 2. The near-eye display device of claim 1, the illumination module comprising:
a single light source for generating infrared light; and a diffraction module for diffracting the infrared light to generate the infrared light beams. 3. The near-eye display device of claim 2, the diffraction module comprising a plurality of one-dimensional diffraction gratings coupled in series and positioned to transmit at least a portion of the infrared light to generate the infrared light beams. 4. The near-eye display device of claim 3, the plurality of one-dimensional diffraction gratings being configured to diffract the infrared light in a respective plurality of co-planar, mutually non-parallel diffraction dimensions. 5. The near-eye display device of claim 2, the diffraction module further comprising an aperture sized and positioned to transmit only diffraction orders of the infrared light respectively forming the infrared light beams. 6. The near-eye display device of claim 2, the single light source comprising:
a light emitting diode; and power control circuitry adapted to operate the light emitting diode at two different power settings to generate the infrared light at a higher intensity and a lower intensity, respectively. 7. The near-eye display device of claim 1, the first beamsplitter interface being a polarizing beamsplitter interface configured to (a) transmit the visible display light toward the viewing unit and (b) reflect toward the viewing unit a polarized component of each of the infrared light beams. 8. The near-eye display device of claim 1, the first beamsplitter interface further being configured to separate from the visible display light a reflected portion of each of the infrared light beams, reflected by the eye, and direct each said reflected portion toward the camera for imaging of reflections of the infrared light beams incident on the eye. 9. The near-eye display device of claim 8, the camera further comprising a spectral filter configured to at least partly transmit the infrared light and a red portion of visible spectrum, such that the spectral filter (a) at least partly transmits each said reflected portion to allow imaging, by the camera, of reflections of the infrared light beams incident on the eye, (b) at least partly transmits red ambient light, reflected by the eye, to allow imaging of the pupil by the camera, and (c) substantially blocks visible light that is not red. 10. The near-eye display device of claim 1, further comprising a gaze evaluator for processing the images to determine the gaze direction. 11. The near-eye display device of claim 10, the gaze evaluator comprising:
a processor; and a memory including machine-readable instructions that, upon execution by the processor, determines a first location of the pupil relative to reflections of the infrared light beams incident on the eye and derives the gaze direction at least in part from the first location. 12. A method for coaxial eye tracking in a near-eye display device mounted in field of view of an eye of a user, comprising:
generating infrared light using a single light source; diffracting the infrared light to generate at least three infrared light beams propagating along at least three different, non-coplanar directions, respectively; on a first beamsplitter interface, merging the infrared light beams with visible display light from a display; on a second beamsplitter interface, superimposing the infrared light beams and the visible display light on ambient light from an ambient scene to illuminate the eye with the infrared light beams and present an image of the display to the eye while allowing the eye to view the ambient scene; and via second beamsplitter interface and the first beamsplitter interface, imaging pupil of the eye and reflections of the infrared light beams incident on the eye, to form one or more images indicative of gaze direction of the eye. 13. The method of claim 12,
the step of diffracting comprising at least partly transmitting the infrared light through a plurality of one-dimensional diffraction gratings configured to diffract the infrared light in a respective plurality of co-planar, mutually non-parallel diffraction dimensions, to generate a plurality of diffraction orders of the infrared light; and the method further comprising selecting at least three of the diffraction orders as the at least three infrared light beams, respectively. 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
using the first beamsplitter interface to separate from the visible display light (a) a reflected portion of each of the infrared light beams reflected by the eye and (b) a portion of visible light reflected by the eye; and in the step of imaging:
forming an image of reflections of the infrared light beams incident on the eye based upon each said reflected portion received from the first beamsplitter interface, and
forming an image of the pupil based upon said portion of visible light received from the first beamsplitter interface. 15. The method of claim 14, the step of imaging further comprising spectrally filtering light to image each said reflected portion and only a red portion of visible spectrum. 16. The method of claim 12, comprising:
in the step of generating, sequentially generating the infrared light at a first intensity and a second intensity, the second intensity being lower than the first intensity; and in the step of imaging, (a) capturing a first image of the eye when the infrared light is at the first intensity and (b) capturing a second image of the eye when the infrared light is at the second intensity. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising repeatedly performing the steps of generating and imaging to improve image quality. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
processing the first and second images to determine (a) a first location of the pupil relative to reflections of the infrared light beams incident on the eye for the first intensity of the infrared light, and (b) a second location of the pupil relative to reflections of the infrared light beams incident on the eye for the second intensity of the infrared light; forming average of the first location and the second location; and deriving the gaze direction from the average. 19. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
processing the images to determine first location of the pupil relative to reflections of the infrared light beams incident on the eye; and deriving the gaze direction at least in part from the first location of the pupil. 20. The method of claim 19, the step of deriving comprising comparing (a) the first location to (b) a second location of the pupil relative to reflections of the infrared light beams incident on the eye when the eye is in a calibration-associated gaze direction. 21. The method of claim 20, comprising:
in the step of processing:
determining a first center of triangle formed in the images by reflections of the infrared light beams incident on the eye, and
calculating the first location as a first vector between the pupil and the first center; and
in the step of comparing, comparing the first vector to a second vector between the second location of the pupil and a second center of triangle formed in the images by reflections of the infrared light beams incident on the eye when the eye is in a calibration-associated gaze direction. 22. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
instructing the user to look in the calibration-associated gaze direction; performing the steps of generating, diffracting, merging, superimposing, and imaging while the user looks in the calibration-associated gaze direction to determine, in the step of processing, a second location of the pupil relative to reflections of the infrared light beams incident on the eye when the eye has the calibration-associated gaze direction; saving the second location to memory of the near-eye display device; and in the step of deriving, deriving the gaze direction by comparing the first location to the second location. | 2,600 |
9,565 | 9,565 | 14,071,701 | 2,628 | Handheld weapons using tactile feedback to deliver silent status information are described. One embodiment comprises a handheld weapon comprising: a housing comprising a user contactable region, a tactile element coupled to the user contactable region, and an actuator coupled to the tactile element and capable of outputting a haptic sensation localized to the tactile element. | 1. A handheld device comprising:
a haptic feedback assembly; a fingerprint sensor configured to detect a fingerprint; a processor coupled to the fingerprint sensor, the processor configured to:
receive a signal associated with the fingerprint; and
determine a haptic effect based on the fingerprint; and
a drive circuit coupled to the processor and the haptic feedback assembly, the drive circuit configured to send a drive signal to the haptic feedback assembly. 2. The handheld device of claim 1, wherein the fingerprint sensor comprises a user input device. 3. The handheld device of claim 1, wherein the haptic feedback assembly comprises one or more of: a piezoelectric ceramic actuator, a voice coil, a moving magnet actuator, a solenoid, or an electro-active polymer. 4. The handheld device of claim 1, wherein the haptic effect is a periodic force sensation. 5. The handheld device of claim 4, wherein the periodic force sensation comprises a sine wave, a square wave, a saw-toothed-up wave, a saw-toothed down, or a triangle wave. 6. The handheld device of claim 1, further comprising a tactile element coupled to the fingerprint sensor, and wherein the haptic feedback assembly is configured to output the haptic effect to the tactile element. 7. The handheld device of claim 1, wherein the haptic effect is a confirmation effect. 8. The handheld device of claim 7, wherein the confirmation effect is a confirmation of an identification of the user. 9. The handheld device of claim 1, wherein the haptic effect is associated with a status of the handheld device. 10. A method for determining a haptic effect comprising:
receiving a signal associated with a fingerprint from a fingerprint sensor; determining a haptic effect based on the fingerprint; and outputting a haptic signal to a haptic feedback assembly configured to output the haptic effect. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the fingerprint sensor comprises a user input device. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the haptic effect is a periodic force sensation. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the periodic force sensation comprises a sine wave, a square wave, a saw-toothed-up wave, a saw-toothed down, or a triangle wave. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the fingerprint sensor comprises a tactile element, and wherein the haptic feedback assembly is configured to output the haptic effect to the tactile element. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the haptic effect is a confirmation effect. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the confirmation effect is a confirmation of an identification of the user. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein the haptic effect is associated with a status of a mobile device. 18. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program code, which when executed by a processor is configured to cause the processor to:
receive a signal associated with a fingerprint from a fingerprint sensor; determine a haptic effect based on the fingerprint; and output a haptic signal to a haptic feedback assembly configured to output the haptic effect. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein the fingerprint sensor comprises a user input device. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein the haptic effect is a periodic force sensation. 21. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 20, wherein the periodic force sensation comprises a sine wave, a square wave, a saw-toothed-up wave, a saw-toothed down, or a triangle wave. 22. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein the fingerprint sensor comprises a tactile element, and wherein the haptic feedback assembly is configured to output the haptic effect to the tactile element. 23. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein the haptic effect is a confirmation effect. 24. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 23, wherein the confirmation effect is a confirmation of an identification of the user. 25. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein the haptic effect is associated with a status of a mobile device. | Handheld weapons using tactile feedback to deliver silent status information are described. One embodiment comprises a handheld weapon comprising: a housing comprising a user contactable region, a tactile element coupled to the user contactable region, and an actuator coupled to the tactile element and capable of outputting a haptic sensation localized to the tactile element.1. A handheld device comprising:
a haptic feedback assembly; a fingerprint sensor configured to detect a fingerprint; a processor coupled to the fingerprint sensor, the processor configured to:
receive a signal associated with the fingerprint; and
determine a haptic effect based on the fingerprint; and
a drive circuit coupled to the processor and the haptic feedback assembly, the drive circuit configured to send a drive signal to the haptic feedback assembly. 2. The handheld device of claim 1, wherein the fingerprint sensor comprises a user input device. 3. The handheld device of claim 1, wherein the haptic feedback assembly comprises one or more of: a piezoelectric ceramic actuator, a voice coil, a moving magnet actuator, a solenoid, or an electro-active polymer. 4. The handheld device of claim 1, wherein the haptic effect is a periodic force sensation. 5. The handheld device of claim 4, wherein the periodic force sensation comprises a sine wave, a square wave, a saw-toothed-up wave, a saw-toothed down, or a triangle wave. 6. The handheld device of claim 1, further comprising a tactile element coupled to the fingerprint sensor, and wherein the haptic feedback assembly is configured to output the haptic effect to the tactile element. 7. The handheld device of claim 1, wherein the haptic effect is a confirmation effect. 8. The handheld device of claim 7, wherein the confirmation effect is a confirmation of an identification of the user. 9. The handheld device of claim 1, wherein the haptic effect is associated with a status of the handheld device. 10. A method for determining a haptic effect comprising:
receiving a signal associated with a fingerprint from a fingerprint sensor; determining a haptic effect based on the fingerprint; and outputting a haptic signal to a haptic feedback assembly configured to output the haptic effect. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the fingerprint sensor comprises a user input device. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the haptic effect is a periodic force sensation. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the periodic force sensation comprises a sine wave, a square wave, a saw-toothed-up wave, a saw-toothed down, or a triangle wave. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the fingerprint sensor comprises a tactile element, and wherein the haptic feedback assembly is configured to output the haptic effect to the tactile element. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the haptic effect is a confirmation effect. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the confirmation effect is a confirmation of an identification of the user. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein the haptic effect is associated with a status of a mobile device. 18. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program code, which when executed by a processor is configured to cause the processor to:
receive a signal associated with a fingerprint from a fingerprint sensor; determine a haptic effect based on the fingerprint; and output a haptic signal to a haptic feedback assembly configured to output the haptic effect. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein the fingerprint sensor comprises a user input device. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein the haptic effect is a periodic force sensation. 21. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 20, wherein the periodic force sensation comprises a sine wave, a square wave, a saw-toothed-up wave, a saw-toothed down, or a triangle wave. 22. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein the fingerprint sensor comprises a tactile element, and wherein the haptic feedback assembly is configured to output the haptic effect to the tactile element. 23. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein the haptic effect is a confirmation effect. 24. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 23, wherein the confirmation effect is a confirmation of an identification of the user. 25. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein the haptic effect is associated with a status of a mobile device. | 2,600 |
9,566 | 9,566 | 13,880,439 | 2,623 | An apparatus comprising: a first part configured to form at least part of the case of the apparatus; a second part configured to form at least part of the display for the apparatus; a coupling configured to couple the first part to the second part; and at least one actuator coupled to the second part and configured to apply a force to the second part to generate a displacement of the second part relative to the first part suitable for generating an audio signal. | 1-37. (canceled) 38. An apparatus comprising:
a first part configured to form at least part of the case of the apparatus; a second part configured to form at least part of the display for the apparatus; a coupling configured to couple the first part to the second part; and at least one actuator coupled to the second part and configured to apply a force to the second part to generate a displacement of the second part wherein the displacement is either substantially translational or localised depending on the operating mode of the apparatus. 39. The apparatus as claimed in claim 38, wherein the coupling is an elastic body affixed to the first part and the second part and the elastic body is constructed from at least one of:
silicone; thermoplastic elastomer (TPE); thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU); and rubber. 40. The apparatus as claimed in claim 38, wherein the first part comprises:
a body part; and at least partially framing the second part, wherein the coupling is configured to be affixed between the body part and an associated section of the second part. 41. The apparatus as claimed in claim 38, wherein the coupling is configured to produce a substantially continuous interface between the first part and the second part. 42. The apparatus as claimed in claim 38, wherein the second part comprises:
a front window layer; at least one display; and at least one touch interface layer. 43. The apparatus as claimed in claim 38, wherein the at least one actuator comprises at least two actuators, the apparatus being configured to:
in a first mode of operation, operate the at least two actuators to generate the substantially translational displacement of the second part relative to the first part; and in a second mode of operation, operate at least one of the at least two actuators to generate the substantially localised displacement of the second part relative to the first part. 44. The apparatus as claimed in claim 43, further comprising a driver configured to drive at least one of the at least two actuators dependent on a mode determination signal. 45. The apparatus as claimed in claim 44, wherein the mode determination signal comprises at least one of:
a hands-free mode determination signal, wherein the driver is configured to drive the at least two actuators; and a hands-portable mode determination signal, wherein the driver is configured to drive the at least one of the at least two actuators. 46. The apparatus as claimed in claim 45, further comprising a mode determiner configured to determine the mode determination signal dependent on at least one of:
at least one proximity sensor; an apparatus orientation sensor; and an apparatus operating system setting. 47. The apparatus as claimed in claim 45, wherein the at least one actuator is configured to be operated dependent on at least one power characteristic of the apparatus. 48. The apparatus as claimed in claim 47, wherein the power characteristic of the apparatus comprises at least one of:
electrical power consumption of at least part of the apparatus; battery capacity of the apparatus; and
estimated time to battery discharge of the apparatus. 49. The apparatus as claimed in claim 38, further comprising a filter configured to filter a signal to operate the at least one actuator to generate a haptic feedback and/or an acoustic signal. 50. The apparatus as claimed in claim 49, wherein the filter comprises at least one of:
a low pass filter; an equaliser; a band pass filter, and an adjustable filter. 51. The apparatus as claimed in claim 50, wherein the filter is at least one of:
adaptively controlled; fixed. 52. The apparatus as claimed in claim 38, wherein the at least one actuator is at least one of:
a piezoelectric actuator; a dynamic eccentric mass actuator; a moving coil actuator; and a moving magnet actuator. 53. The apparatus as claimed in claim 38, further comprising a damper coupled between the at least one actuator and the second part to convert an actuator bending to a substantially linear displacement. 54. A method comprising:
providing a first part configured to form at least part of the case of the apparatus; providing a second part configured to form at least part of the display for the apparatus; coupling the first part to the second part; and
applying a force to the second part by at least one actuator coupled to the second part to generate a displacement of the second part wherein the displacement is either substantially translational or localised depending on the operating mode of the apparatus 55. The method as claimed in claim 54, wherein the at least one actuator comprises at least two actuators and the method comprises:
operating, in a first mode, the at least two actuators to generate the substantially translational displacement of the second part relative to the first part; and operating, in a second mode, at least one of the at least two actuators to generate a substantially localised displacement of the second part relative to the first part. 56. The method as claimed in claim 55, further comprising driving at least one of the at least two actuators dependent on a mode determination signal, wherein the mode determination signal comprises at least one of:
a hands-free mode determination signal, wherein driving at least one of the at least two actuators dependent on a mode determination signal comprises driving the at least two actuators to generate the substantially translational displacement; and a hands-portable mode determination signal, wherein driving at least one of the at least two actuators dependent on a mode determination signal comprises driving the at least one of the at least two actuators to generate the substantially localised displacement. 57. The method as claimed in claim 56, further comprising determining the mode determination signal dependent on at least one of:
at least one proximity sensor; an apparatus orientation sensor; and an apparatus operating system setting. | An apparatus comprising: a first part configured to form at least part of the case of the apparatus; a second part configured to form at least part of the display for the apparatus; a coupling configured to couple the first part to the second part; and at least one actuator coupled to the second part and configured to apply a force to the second part to generate a displacement of the second part relative to the first part suitable for generating an audio signal.1-37. (canceled) 38. An apparatus comprising:
a first part configured to form at least part of the case of the apparatus; a second part configured to form at least part of the display for the apparatus; a coupling configured to couple the first part to the second part; and at least one actuator coupled to the second part and configured to apply a force to the second part to generate a displacement of the second part wherein the displacement is either substantially translational or localised depending on the operating mode of the apparatus. 39. The apparatus as claimed in claim 38, wherein the coupling is an elastic body affixed to the first part and the second part and the elastic body is constructed from at least one of:
silicone; thermoplastic elastomer (TPE); thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU); and rubber. 40. The apparatus as claimed in claim 38, wherein the first part comprises:
a body part; and at least partially framing the second part, wherein the coupling is configured to be affixed between the body part and an associated section of the second part. 41. The apparatus as claimed in claim 38, wherein the coupling is configured to produce a substantially continuous interface between the first part and the second part. 42. The apparatus as claimed in claim 38, wherein the second part comprises:
a front window layer; at least one display; and at least one touch interface layer. 43. The apparatus as claimed in claim 38, wherein the at least one actuator comprises at least two actuators, the apparatus being configured to:
in a first mode of operation, operate the at least two actuators to generate the substantially translational displacement of the second part relative to the first part; and in a second mode of operation, operate at least one of the at least two actuators to generate the substantially localised displacement of the second part relative to the first part. 44. The apparatus as claimed in claim 43, further comprising a driver configured to drive at least one of the at least two actuators dependent on a mode determination signal. 45. The apparatus as claimed in claim 44, wherein the mode determination signal comprises at least one of:
a hands-free mode determination signal, wherein the driver is configured to drive the at least two actuators; and a hands-portable mode determination signal, wherein the driver is configured to drive the at least one of the at least two actuators. 46. The apparatus as claimed in claim 45, further comprising a mode determiner configured to determine the mode determination signal dependent on at least one of:
at least one proximity sensor; an apparatus orientation sensor; and an apparatus operating system setting. 47. The apparatus as claimed in claim 45, wherein the at least one actuator is configured to be operated dependent on at least one power characteristic of the apparatus. 48. The apparatus as claimed in claim 47, wherein the power characteristic of the apparatus comprises at least one of:
electrical power consumption of at least part of the apparatus; battery capacity of the apparatus; and
estimated time to battery discharge of the apparatus. 49. The apparatus as claimed in claim 38, further comprising a filter configured to filter a signal to operate the at least one actuator to generate a haptic feedback and/or an acoustic signal. 50. The apparatus as claimed in claim 49, wherein the filter comprises at least one of:
a low pass filter; an equaliser; a band pass filter, and an adjustable filter. 51. The apparatus as claimed in claim 50, wherein the filter is at least one of:
adaptively controlled; fixed. 52. The apparatus as claimed in claim 38, wherein the at least one actuator is at least one of:
a piezoelectric actuator; a dynamic eccentric mass actuator; a moving coil actuator; and a moving magnet actuator. 53. The apparatus as claimed in claim 38, further comprising a damper coupled between the at least one actuator and the second part to convert an actuator bending to a substantially linear displacement. 54. A method comprising:
providing a first part configured to form at least part of the case of the apparatus; providing a second part configured to form at least part of the display for the apparatus; coupling the first part to the second part; and
applying a force to the second part by at least one actuator coupled to the second part to generate a displacement of the second part wherein the displacement is either substantially translational or localised depending on the operating mode of the apparatus 55. The method as claimed in claim 54, wherein the at least one actuator comprises at least two actuators and the method comprises:
operating, in a first mode, the at least two actuators to generate the substantially translational displacement of the second part relative to the first part; and operating, in a second mode, at least one of the at least two actuators to generate a substantially localised displacement of the second part relative to the first part. 56. The method as claimed in claim 55, further comprising driving at least one of the at least two actuators dependent on a mode determination signal, wherein the mode determination signal comprises at least one of:
a hands-free mode determination signal, wherein driving at least one of the at least two actuators dependent on a mode determination signal comprises driving the at least two actuators to generate the substantially translational displacement; and a hands-portable mode determination signal, wherein driving at least one of the at least two actuators dependent on a mode determination signal comprises driving the at least one of the at least two actuators to generate the substantially localised displacement. 57. The method as claimed in claim 56, further comprising determining the mode determination signal dependent on at least one of:
at least one proximity sensor; an apparatus orientation sensor; and an apparatus operating system setting. | 2,600 |
9,567 | 9,567 | 15,366,810 | 2,687 | A wireless speaker system may include a primary speaker including a first transceiver and a second transceiver and programmed to receive audio data from a mobile device at the first transceiver, and at least one secondary speaker including a receiver and programmed to receive a wireless signal including the audio data from the primary speaker at the receiver, each speaker configured to transmit audio signals consistently there between based on the received audio data. | 1. An apparatus for a wireless speaker system, comprising:
a primary speaker, including:
a first transceiver configured to receive a first wireless signal from a mobile device via a first interface over a first frequency band, the first wireless signal including audio data;
a second transceiver configured to receive enrollment data from at least one secondary speaker and to transmit a second wireless signal including the audio data via a second interface over a second frequency band in response to receiving enrollment data from the at least one secondary speaker; and
wherein the primary speaker is configured to playback an audio signal based on the received audio data. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second transceiver is configured to pair with the at least one secondary speaker via the second interface based on the enrollment data received from the at least one secondary speaker. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the enrollment data is received over a third frequency band separate and distinct from the first and second frequency bands. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the third frequency band is an industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the enrollment data includes a predefined frequency of the second frequency band. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second wireless signal includes at least one of volume data, feedback data, and a predefined frequency for the second frequency band. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a mode switch for switching between a primary mode where the first transceiver is configured to receive the audio data from the mobile device and a secondary mode where the second transceiver is configured to receive the audio data from the at least one secondary speaker. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the first transceiver is configured to communicate with the mobile device when operating in the primary mode and wherein the first transceiver is configured to cease communication with the mobile device when operating in the secondary mode. 9. A speaker system, comprising:
a primary speaker including at least one controller programmed to:
transmit enrollment data to a secondary speaker;
receive a response from the secondary speaker;
receive audio data from a mobile device over a first interface;
transmit the received audio data to the secondary speaker over a second interface; and
transmit, concurrently with audio playback at the secondary speaker based on the transmitted audio data, an audio signal based on the received audio data from the mobile device. 10. The speaker system of claim 9, wherein the controller is further programmed to store a unique identifier specific to the secondary speaker included in the enrollment data. 11. The speaker system of claim 9, wherein the controller is further programmed to transmit the enrollment data over a frequency band separate and distinct from bands used for the first and second interfaces. 12. The speaker system of claim 11, wherein the frequency band is an industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band. 13. The speaker system of claim 9, wherein the controller is further programmed to transmit additional data including at least one of volume data, feedback data, and a predefined frequency over the second interface to the secondary speaker. 14. A wireless speaker system comprising:
a primary speaker including a first transceiver and a second transceiver, the first transceiver programmed to receive audio data from a mobile device over a first frequency band; and at least one secondary speaker including a receiver and programmed to receive a wireless signal including the audio data from the primary speaker over a second frequency band, each speaker configured to playback audio signals consistently there between based on the received audio data, wherein an exchange of enrollment data is transmitted between the primary and secondary speakers prior to transmission of the audio data. 15. The wireless speaker system of claim 14, wherein the wireless signal includes at least one of volume data, feedback data, and a predefined frequency for the second frequency band. 16. The wireless speaker system of claim 14, wherein the at least one secondary speaker is configured to pair with the primary speaker in response to an exchange of enrollment data therebetween. 17. The wireless speaker system of claim 14, wherein the primary speaker includes a mode switch for instructing the primary speaker to operate in a primary mode where the primary speaker receives the audio data from the mobile device and a secondary mode where the primary speaker receives the audio data from another primary speaker. 18. The wireless speaker system of claim 17, wherein the primary speaker is configured to communicate with the mobile device when operating in the primary mode and to cease communication with the mobile device when operating in the secondary mode. | A wireless speaker system may include a primary speaker including a first transceiver and a second transceiver and programmed to receive audio data from a mobile device at the first transceiver, and at least one secondary speaker including a receiver and programmed to receive a wireless signal including the audio data from the primary speaker at the receiver, each speaker configured to transmit audio signals consistently there between based on the received audio data.1. An apparatus for a wireless speaker system, comprising:
a primary speaker, including:
a first transceiver configured to receive a first wireless signal from a mobile device via a first interface over a first frequency band, the first wireless signal including audio data;
a second transceiver configured to receive enrollment data from at least one secondary speaker and to transmit a second wireless signal including the audio data via a second interface over a second frequency band in response to receiving enrollment data from the at least one secondary speaker; and
wherein the primary speaker is configured to playback an audio signal based on the received audio data. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second transceiver is configured to pair with the at least one secondary speaker via the second interface based on the enrollment data received from the at least one secondary speaker. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the enrollment data is received over a third frequency band separate and distinct from the first and second frequency bands. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the third frequency band is an industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the enrollment data includes a predefined frequency of the second frequency band. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second wireless signal includes at least one of volume data, feedback data, and a predefined frequency for the second frequency band. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a mode switch for switching between a primary mode where the first transceiver is configured to receive the audio data from the mobile device and a secondary mode where the second transceiver is configured to receive the audio data from the at least one secondary speaker. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the first transceiver is configured to communicate with the mobile device when operating in the primary mode and wherein the first transceiver is configured to cease communication with the mobile device when operating in the secondary mode. 9. A speaker system, comprising:
a primary speaker including at least one controller programmed to:
transmit enrollment data to a secondary speaker;
receive a response from the secondary speaker;
receive audio data from a mobile device over a first interface;
transmit the received audio data to the secondary speaker over a second interface; and
transmit, concurrently with audio playback at the secondary speaker based on the transmitted audio data, an audio signal based on the received audio data from the mobile device. 10. The speaker system of claim 9, wherein the controller is further programmed to store a unique identifier specific to the secondary speaker included in the enrollment data. 11. The speaker system of claim 9, wherein the controller is further programmed to transmit the enrollment data over a frequency band separate and distinct from bands used for the first and second interfaces. 12. The speaker system of claim 11, wherein the frequency band is an industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band. 13. The speaker system of claim 9, wherein the controller is further programmed to transmit additional data including at least one of volume data, feedback data, and a predefined frequency over the second interface to the secondary speaker. 14. A wireless speaker system comprising:
a primary speaker including a first transceiver and a second transceiver, the first transceiver programmed to receive audio data from a mobile device over a first frequency band; and at least one secondary speaker including a receiver and programmed to receive a wireless signal including the audio data from the primary speaker over a second frequency band, each speaker configured to playback audio signals consistently there between based on the received audio data, wherein an exchange of enrollment data is transmitted between the primary and secondary speakers prior to transmission of the audio data. 15. The wireless speaker system of claim 14, wherein the wireless signal includes at least one of volume data, feedback data, and a predefined frequency for the second frequency band. 16. The wireless speaker system of claim 14, wherein the at least one secondary speaker is configured to pair with the primary speaker in response to an exchange of enrollment data therebetween. 17. The wireless speaker system of claim 14, wherein the primary speaker includes a mode switch for instructing the primary speaker to operate in a primary mode where the primary speaker receives the audio data from the mobile device and a secondary mode where the primary speaker receives the audio data from another primary speaker. 18. The wireless speaker system of claim 17, wherein the primary speaker is configured to communicate with the mobile device when operating in the primary mode and to cease communication with the mobile device when operating in the secondary mode. | 2,600 |
9,568 | 9,568 | 14,812,858 | 2,621 | A method, electronic device, and computer-readable medium for displaying a user input. The method includes determining whether a writing utensil is within a predetermined proximity of the display panel while a display panel of the electronic device is powered off. The method also includes, in response to determining that a writing utensil is within the predetermined proximity, activating a black screen display mode for the display panel. Additionally, the method includes, in response to detecting the writing utensil contacting a surface of the electronic device, activating individual pixels corresponding to locations where the writing utensil contacted the electronic device to display a contrasting color. | 1. A method of operating an electronic device to display a user input, the method comprising:
determining whether a writing utensil is within a predetermined proximity of the display panel while a display panel of the electronic device is powered off; in response to determining that a writing utensil is within the predetermined proximity, activating a black screen display mode for the display panel; and in response to detecting the writing utensil contacting a surface of the electronic device, activating individual pixels corresponding to locations where the writing utensil contacted the electronic device to display a contrasting color. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising in response to detecting an absence of the writing utensil contacting the surface of the electronic device for a predetermined period of time, storing an input result of the writing utensil contacting the surface of the electronic device in a memory of the electronic device without user intervention. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein storing the input result without user intervention comprises storing the input result without powering on the display panel beyond the black screen display mode and the activated individual pixels. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising in response to detecting a user input to store an input result of the writing utensil contacting the surface of the electronic device, storing the input result in a memory of the electronic device as at least one of an image or text. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein determining that the writing utensil is within the predetermined proximity of the display panel comprises detecting that an electronic pen has been removed from a storage location of the electronic pen in the electronic device. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the black screen display mode is a low power mode where the display panel is powered on while pixels in the display panel do not emit light. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the contrasting color is a color other than black. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the writing utensil is one of a finger of a person and an electronic pen. 9. An electronic device comprising:
a display panel; and at least one processor configured to:
determine whether a writing utensil is within a predetermined proximity of the display panel while a display panel of the electronic device is powered off;
activate, in response to a determination that a writing utensil is within the predetermined proximity, a black screen display mode for the display panel; and
activate, in response to detecting the writing utensil contacting a surface of the electronic device, individual pixels corresponding to locations where the writing utensil contacted the electronic device to display a contrasting color. 10. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause a memory of the electronic device to store, in response to detecting an absence of the writing utensil contacting the surface of the electronic device for a predetermined period of time, an input result of the writing utensil contacting the surface of the electronic device without user intervention. 11. The electronic device of claim 10, wherein the input result is stored without powering on the display panel beyond the black screen display mode and the activated individual pixels. 12. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause a memory of the electronic device to store, in response to detecting a user input to store an input result of the writing utensil contacting the surface of the electronic device, the input result as at least one of an image or text. 13. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine that the writing utensil is within the predetermined proximity of the display panel by detecting that an electronic pen has been removed from a storage location of the electronic pen in the electronic device. 14. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the black screen display mode is a low power mode where the display panel is powered on while pixels in the display panel do not emit light. 15. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the contrasting color is a color other than black. 16. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the writing utensil is one of a finger of a person and an electronic pen. 17. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising program code, that when executed by at least one processor, causes an electronic device to:
determine whether a writing utensil is within a predetermined proximity of the display panel while a display panel of the electronic device is powered off; activate, in response to a determination that a writing utensil is within the predetermined proximity, a black screen display mode for the display panel; and activate, in response to detecting the writing utensil contacting a surface of the electronic device, individual pixels corresponding to locations where the writing utensil contacted the electronic device to display a contrasting color. 18. The computer-readable medium of claim 17, further comprising program code, that when executed by at least one processor, causes an electronic device to store, in response to detecting an absence of the writing utensil contacting the surface of the electronic device for a predetermined period of time, an input result of the writing utensil contacting the surface of the electronic in a memory of the electronic device without user intervention. 19. The computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the input result is stored without powering on the display panel beyond the black screen display mode and the activated individual pixels. 20. The computer-readable medium of claim 17, further comprising program code, that when executed by at least one processor, causes an electronic device to store, in response to detecting a user input to store an input result of the writing utensil contacting the surface of the electronic device, the input result in a memory of the electronic device as at least one of an image or text. | A method, electronic device, and computer-readable medium for displaying a user input. The method includes determining whether a writing utensil is within a predetermined proximity of the display panel while a display panel of the electronic device is powered off. The method also includes, in response to determining that a writing utensil is within the predetermined proximity, activating a black screen display mode for the display panel. Additionally, the method includes, in response to detecting the writing utensil contacting a surface of the electronic device, activating individual pixels corresponding to locations where the writing utensil contacted the electronic device to display a contrasting color.1. A method of operating an electronic device to display a user input, the method comprising:
determining whether a writing utensil is within a predetermined proximity of the display panel while a display panel of the electronic device is powered off; in response to determining that a writing utensil is within the predetermined proximity, activating a black screen display mode for the display panel; and in response to detecting the writing utensil contacting a surface of the electronic device, activating individual pixels corresponding to locations where the writing utensil contacted the electronic device to display a contrasting color. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising in response to detecting an absence of the writing utensil contacting the surface of the electronic device for a predetermined period of time, storing an input result of the writing utensil contacting the surface of the electronic device in a memory of the electronic device without user intervention. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein storing the input result without user intervention comprises storing the input result without powering on the display panel beyond the black screen display mode and the activated individual pixels. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising in response to detecting a user input to store an input result of the writing utensil contacting the surface of the electronic device, storing the input result in a memory of the electronic device as at least one of an image or text. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein determining that the writing utensil is within the predetermined proximity of the display panel comprises detecting that an electronic pen has been removed from a storage location of the electronic pen in the electronic device. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the black screen display mode is a low power mode where the display panel is powered on while pixels in the display panel do not emit light. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the contrasting color is a color other than black. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the writing utensil is one of a finger of a person and an electronic pen. 9. An electronic device comprising:
a display panel; and at least one processor configured to:
determine whether a writing utensil is within a predetermined proximity of the display panel while a display panel of the electronic device is powered off;
activate, in response to a determination that a writing utensil is within the predetermined proximity, a black screen display mode for the display panel; and
activate, in response to detecting the writing utensil contacting a surface of the electronic device, individual pixels corresponding to locations where the writing utensil contacted the electronic device to display a contrasting color. 10. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause a memory of the electronic device to store, in response to detecting an absence of the writing utensil contacting the surface of the electronic device for a predetermined period of time, an input result of the writing utensil contacting the surface of the electronic device without user intervention. 11. The electronic device of claim 10, wherein the input result is stored without powering on the display panel beyond the black screen display mode and the activated individual pixels. 12. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause a memory of the electronic device to store, in response to detecting a user input to store an input result of the writing utensil contacting the surface of the electronic device, the input result as at least one of an image or text. 13. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine that the writing utensil is within the predetermined proximity of the display panel by detecting that an electronic pen has been removed from a storage location of the electronic pen in the electronic device. 14. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the black screen display mode is a low power mode where the display panel is powered on while pixels in the display panel do not emit light. 15. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the contrasting color is a color other than black. 16. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the writing utensil is one of a finger of a person and an electronic pen. 17. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising program code, that when executed by at least one processor, causes an electronic device to:
determine whether a writing utensil is within a predetermined proximity of the display panel while a display panel of the electronic device is powered off; activate, in response to a determination that a writing utensil is within the predetermined proximity, a black screen display mode for the display panel; and activate, in response to detecting the writing utensil contacting a surface of the electronic device, individual pixels corresponding to locations where the writing utensil contacted the electronic device to display a contrasting color. 18. The computer-readable medium of claim 17, further comprising program code, that when executed by at least one processor, causes an electronic device to store, in response to detecting an absence of the writing utensil contacting the surface of the electronic device for a predetermined period of time, an input result of the writing utensil contacting the surface of the electronic in a memory of the electronic device without user intervention. 19. The computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the input result is stored without powering on the display panel beyond the black screen display mode and the activated individual pixels. 20. The computer-readable medium of claim 17, further comprising program code, that when executed by at least one processor, causes an electronic device to store, in response to detecting a user input to store an input result of the writing utensil contacting the surface of the electronic device, the input result in a memory of the electronic device as at least one of an image or text. | 2,600 |
9,569 | 9,569 | 15,273,591 | 2,699 | The invention is related to a wearable information system having at least one camera, the information system operable to have a low-power mode and a high power mode. The information system is configured such that the high-power mode is activated by a detection of at least one object in at least one field of view of the at least one camera. | 1.-21. (canceled) 22. An information system, comprising:
a camera; a processor operatively coupled to the camera; a device operatively coupled to the processor; and a memory device operatively coupled to the camera, the processor and the device, the memory device comprising instructions executable by the processor to:
obtain, in a low-power mode of the information system, an image captured by the camera;
extract, in the low-power mode, a first feature of an object in the image;
generate, in the low-power mode, a higher level descriptor of the first feature;
cause, in the low-power mode, the device to determine that the higher level descriptor matches a reference object feature descriptor; and
activate, in response to determining the higher level descriptor matches the reference object feature descriptor, a high-power mode of the information system. 23. The information system of claim 22, wherein the device determines that at least one of the higher level descriptors matches a reference object feature descriptor by:
loading a plurality of reference object feature descriptors into a memory of the device; loading the higher level descriptor for the first feature; determining a distance measure between the higher level descriptor and each of the plurality of reference object feature descriptors; and calculating a check parameter to determine whether the higher level descriptor is a valid match for at least one of the plurality of reference object feature descriptors. 24. The information system of claim 22, wherein in the low-power mode a clock rate of the processor is lower than in the high-power mode. 25. The information system of claim 22, wherein the first feature comprises a point-feature. 26. The information system according to claim 22, wherein the higher level descriptor comprises a scale-invariant feature descriptor. 27. The information system according to claim 22, wherein the higher level descriptor comprises a rotation-invariant feature descriptor. 28. The information system according to claim 22, further comprising instructions to cause the processor to display, in the high-power mode, augmented reality information related to the object. 29. The information system of claim 22, wherein the processor comprises one or more processors. 30. The information system of claim 29, wherein the instructions to cause the one or more processors to extract a first feature of an object in the image comprise instructions to cause the one or more processors to extract one or more features of the object in the image. 31. A computer readable medium comprising computer readable code executable by a processor to:
obtain, in a low-power mode of a system, an image captured by the camera; extract, in the low-power mode, a first feature of an object in the image; generate, in the low-power mode, a higher level descriptor of the first feature; cause, in the low-power mode, a device to determine that the higher level descriptor matches a reference object feature descriptor; and activate, in response to determining the higher level descriptor matches the reference object feature descriptor, a high-power mode of the information system. 32. The computer readable medium of claim 31, wherein the device determines that at least one of the higher level descriptors matches a reference object feature descriptor by:
loading a plurality of reference object feature descriptors into a memory of the device; loading the higher level descriptor for the first feature; determining a distance measure between the higher level descriptor and each of the plurality of reference object feature descriptors; and calculating a check parameter to determine whether the higher level descriptor is a valid match for at least one of the plurality of reference object feature descriptors. 33. The computer readable medium of claim 31, wherein in the low-power mode a clock rate of the processor is lower than in the high-power mode. 34. The computer readable medium of claim 31, wherein the first feature comprises a point-feature. 35. The computer readable medium of claim 31, wherein the higher level descriptor comprises a scale-invariant feature descriptor. 36. The computer readable medium of claim 31, wherein the higher level descriptor comprises a rotation-invariant feature descriptor. 37. The computer readable medium of claim 31, further comprising computer readable code to cause the processor to display, in the high-power mode, augmented reality information related to the object. 38. A method for managing a low-power and high-power mode of a system, comprising:
obtaining, in a low-power mode of a system, an image captured by the camera; extracting, in the low-power mode, a first feature of an object in the image; generating, in the low-power mode, a higher level descriptor of the first feature; causing, in the low-power mode, a device to determine that the higher level descriptor matches a reference object feature descriptor; and activating, in response to determining the higher level descriptor matches the reference object feature descriptor, a high-power mode of the information system. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the device determines that at least one of the higher level descriptors matches a reference object feature descriptor by:
loading a plurality of reference object feature descriptors into a memory of the device; loading the higher level descriptor for the first feature; determining a distance measure between the higher level descriptor and each of the plurality of reference object feature descriptors; and calculating a check parameter to determine whether the higher level descriptor is a valid match for at least one of the plurality of reference object feature descriptors. 40. The method of claim 38, wherein the higher level descriptor comprises a scale-invariant feature descriptor. 41. The method of claim 38, further comprising displaying, in the high-power mode, augmented reality information related to the object. | The invention is related to a wearable information system having at least one camera, the information system operable to have a low-power mode and a high power mode. The information system is configured such that the high-power mode is activated by a detection of at least one object in at least one field of view of the at least one camera.1.-21. (canceled) 22. An information system, comprising:
a camera; a processor operatively coupled to the camera; a device operatively coupled to the processor; and a memory device operatively coupled to the camera, the processor and the device, the memory device comprising instructions executable by the processor to:
obtain, in a low-power mode of the information system, an image captured by the camera;
extract, in the low-power mode, a first feature of an object in the image;
generate, in the low-power mode, a higher level descriptor of the first feature;
cause, in the low-power mode, the device to determine that the higher level descriptor matches a reference object feature descriptor; and
activate, in response to determining the higher level descriptor matches the reference object feature descriptor, a high-power mode of the information system. 23. The information system of claim 22, wherein the device determines that at least one of the higher level descriptors matches a reference object feature descriptor by:
loading a plurality of reference object feature descriptors into a memory of the device; loading the higher level descriptor for the first feature; determining a distance measure between the higher level descriptor and each of the plurality of reference object feature descriptors; and calculating a check parameter to determine whether the higher level descriptor is a valid match for at least one of the plurality of reference object feature descriptors. 24. The information system of claim 22, wherein in the low-power mode a clock rate of the processor is lower than in the high-power mode. 25. The information system of claim 22, wherein the first feature comprises a point-feature. 26. The information system according to claim 22, wherein the higher level descriptor comprises a scale-invariant feature descriptor. 27. The information system according to claim 22, wherein the higher level descriptor comprises a rotation-invariant feature descriptor. 28. The information system according to claim 22, further comprising instructions to cause the processor to display, in the high-power mode, augmented reality information related to the object. 29. The information system of claim 22, wherein the processor comprises one or more processors. 30. The information system of claim 29, wherein the instructions to cause the one or more processors to extract a first feature of an object in the image comprise instructions to cause the one or more processors to extract one or more features of the object in the image. 31. A computer readable medium comprising computer readable code executable by a processor to:
obtain, in a low-power mode of a system, an image captured by the camera; extract, in the low-power mode, a first feature of an object in the image; generate, in the low-power mode, a higher level descriptor of the first feature; cause, in the low-power mode, a device to determine that the higher level descriptor matches a reference object feature descriptor; and activate, in response to determining the higher level descriptor matches the reference object feature descriptor, a high-power mode of the information system. 32. The computer readable medium of claim 31, wherein the device determines that at least one of the higher level descriptors matches a reference object feature descriptor by:
loading a plurality of reference object feature descriptors into a memory of the device; loading the higher level descriptor for the first feature; determining a distance measure between the higher level descriptor and each of the plurality of reference object feature descriptors; and calculating a check parameter to determine whether the higher level descriptor is a valid match for at least one of the plurality of reference object feature descriptors. 33. The computer readable medium of claim 31, wherein in the low-power mode a clock rate of the processor is lower than in the high-power mode. 34. The computer readable medium of claim 31, wherein the first feature comprises a point-feature. 35. The computer readable medium of claim 31, wherein the higher level descriptor comprises a scale-invariant feature descriptor. 36. The computer readable medium of claim 31, wherein the higher level descriptor comprises a rotation-invariant feature descriptor. 37. The computer readable medium of claim 31, further comprising computer readable code to cause the processor to display, in the high-power mode, augmented reality information related to the object. 38. A method for managing a low-power and high-power mode of a system, comprising:
obtaining, in a low-power mode of a system, an image captured by the camera; extracting, in the low-power mode, a first feature of an object in the image; generating, in the low-power mode, a higher level descriptor of the first feature; causing, in the low-power mode, a device to determine that the higher level descriptor matches a reference object feature descriptor; and activating, in response to determining the higher level descriptor matches the reference object feature descriptor, a high-power mode of the information system. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the device determines that at least one of the higher level descriptors matches a reference object feature descriptor by:
loading a plurality of reference object feature descriptors into a memory of the device; loading the higher level descriptor for the first feature; determining a distance measure between the higher level descriptor and each of the plurality of reference object feature descriptors; and calculating a check parameter to determine whether the higher level descriptor is a valid match for at least one of the plurality of reference object feature descriptors. 40. The method of claim 38, wherein the higher level descriptor comprises a scale-invariant feature descriptor. 41. The method of claim 38, further comprising displaying, in the high-power mode, augmented reality information related to the object. | 2,600 |
9,570 | 9,570 | 15,042,543 | 2,613 | Systems and methods for synchronizing movement, such as the movement of a vehicle with an augmented reality (AR) or virtual reality (VR) story-telling or narrative experience is provided. For example, the AR or VR experience can be adapted to justify the movement of the vehicle based on trip criterion, such as a navigational path upon which the vehicle has embarked. Alternatively, trip criterion, such as the navigational path upon which the vehicle will embark, can be adapted to comport with one or more events of the AR or VR experience. | 1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
presenting a simulated audio/visual (NV) experience to a passenger of a vehicle; obtaining trip criterion relevant to the vehicle; and adapting the simulated A/V experience based upon the trip criterion, wherein the simulated A/V experience comprises an augmented reality (AR) story-telling narrative. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the trip criterion comprises a path to at least one destination. 3. (canceled) 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the adaptation of the simulated A/V experience comprises presenting one or more AR elements in the context of the AR story-telling narrative that comports with one or more events identified in the trip criterion. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the trip criterion is obtained from at least one of a navigation system and a sensor. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the navigation system comprises one of an in-vehicle navigation system or a navigation system implemented remotely from the vehicle. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising obtaining ride information regarding at least a movement or orientation associated with the passenger. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 7, wherein the adaptation of the simulated A/V experience comprises customizing the presentation of the simulated A/V experience for the passenger based upon the ride information. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the simulated A/V experience is one of plurality of simulated AN experiences that are contextually linked. 10. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
receiving information regarding a simulated audio/visual (NV) experience; generating at least one of trip criterion and ride information to comport with one or more events of the simulated AN experience; and presenting the simulated AN experience in conjunction with the at least one of the trip criterion and ride information such that the at least one of the trip criterion and ride information corresponds to the simulated AN experience, wherein the simulated A/V experience comprises an augmented reality (AR) story-telling narrative. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, wherein the trip criterion comprises a path to at least one destination, and wherein the ride information comprises at least one of a movement and orientation of at least one user. 12. (canceled) 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, wherein the AR story-telling narrative is developed with pre-determined events requiring a kinetic response. 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 13, further comprising parsing a digital representation of the AR story-telling narrative to extract the pre-determined events requiring the kinetic response. 15. The computer-implemented method of claim 13, further comprising adapting the simulated A/V experience in the event that the at least one of the trip criterion and the ride information cannot meet at least one kinetic response requirement associated with the pre-determined events. 16. A system, comprising:
a simulation device adapted to create a simulated augmented reality (AR) story-telling experience; and at least one sensor adapted to at least one of generate and provide navigational and motion information associated with a vehicle through which the simulated AR experience is presented to the simulation device, and receive information regarding the simulated AR story-telling experience, wherein the simulated AR story-telling experience is synchronized with the navigational and motion information associated with the vehicle. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the simulation device updates the simulated AR story-telling experience based upon changes to the navigational and motion information in real-time or near real-time. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the synchronization of the simulated AR story-telling experience with the navigational and motion information comprises at least one of justifying the simulated AR story-telling experience with the navigational and motion information, and justifying the navigational and motion information with the simulated AR story-telling experience. 19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the simulation device customizes the simulated AR story-telling experience for each of at least one passenger in the vehicle. 20. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the simulated AR story-telling experience is a portion of a broader story-telling experience. | Systems and methods for synchronizing movement, such as the movement of a vehicle with an augmented reality (AR) or virtual reality (VR) story-telling or narrative experience is provided. For example, the AR or VR experience can be adapted to justify the movement of the vehicle based on trip criterion, such as a navigational path upon which the vehicle has embarked. Alternatively, trip criterion, such as the navigational path upon which the vehicle will embark, can be adapted to comport with one or more events of the AR or VR experience.1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
presenting a simulated audio/visual (NV) experience to a passenger of a vehicle; obtaining trip criterion relevant to the vehicle; and adapting the simulated A/V experience based upon the trip criterion, wherein the simulated A/V experience comprises an augmented reality (AR) story-telling narrative. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the trip criterion comprises a path to at least one destination. 3. (canceled) 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the adaptation of the simulated A/V experience comprises presenting one or more AR elements in the context of the AR story-telling narrative that comports with one or more events identified in the trip criterion. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the trip criterion is obtained from at least one of a navigation system and a sensor. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the navigation system comprises one of an in-vehicle navigation system or a navigation system implemented remotely from the vehicle. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising obtaining ride information regarding at least a movement or orientation associated with the passenger. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 7, wherein the adaptation of the simulated A/V experience comprises customizing the presentation of the simulated A/V experience for the passenger based upon the ride information. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the simulated A/V experience is one of plurality of simulated AN experiences that are contextually linked. 10. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
receiving information regarding a simulated audio/visual (NV) experience; generating at least one of trip criterion and ride information to comport with one or more events of the simulated AN experience; and presenting the simulated AN experience in conjunction with the at least one of the trip criterion and ride information such that the at least one of the trip criterion and ride information corresponds to the simulated AN experience, wherein the simulated A/V experience comprises an augmented reality (AR) story-telling narrative. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, wherein the trip criterion comprises a path to at least one destination, and wherein the ride information comprises at least one of a movement and orientation of at least one user. 12. (canceled) 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, wherein the AR story-telling narrative is developed with pre-determined events requiring a kinetic response. 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 13, further comprising parsing a digital representation of the AR story-telling narrative to extract the pre-determined events requiring the kinetic response. 15. The computer-implemented method of claim 13, further comprising adapting the simulated A/V experience in the event that the at least one of the trip criterion and the ride information cannot meet at least one kinetic response requirement associated with the pre-determined events. 16. A system, comprising:
a simulation device adapted to create a simulated augmented reality (AR) story-telling experience; and at least one sensor adapted to at least one of generate and provide navigational and motion information associated with a vehicle through which the simulated AR experience is presented to the simulation device, and receive information regarding the simulated AR story-telling experience, wherein the simulated AR story-telling experience is synchronized with the navigational and motion information associated with the vehicle. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the simulation device updates the simulated AR story-telling experience based upon changes to the navigational and motion information in real-time or near real-time. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the synchronization of the simulated AR story-telling experience with the navigational and motion information comprises at least one of justifying the simulated AR story-telling experience with the navigational and motion information, and justifying the navigational and motion information with the simulated AR story-telling experience. 19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the simulation device customizes the simulated AR story-telling experience for each of at least one passenger in the vehicle. 20. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the simulated AR story-telling experience is a portion of a broader story-telling experience. | 2,600 |
9,571 | 9,571 | 13,551,563 | 2,689 | A method of generating an action in an ad hoc wireless network includes providing an ad hoc mesh network of nodes having at least one node associated with a consumer product and at least one node capable generating node data about a consumer product, sending node data to a computing device, using the computing device to retrieve data from a database and associate the data with the node data, and determining, at the computing device, an action based upon the association, and executing an action using the computing device. | 1. A method of generating an action in an ad hoc wireless network, comprising:
providing an ad hoc mesh network of nodes having at least one node associated with a consumer product and at least one node capable generating node data about a consumer product; sending node data to a computing device ; using the computing device to retrieve data from a database and associate the data with the node data; determining, at the computing device, an action based upon the association; and executing an action using the computing device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the action comprises one of an internal action or an external action. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the action is an internal action and comprises at least one of node functions, partner appliance/device functions, internal database functions, and sending messages to users. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the action is an external action and comprises at least one of sending a text message, sending an email, connecting with vendors, and accessing data related to devices residing at the nodes. 5. The method of claim 1, the network having connection to an external network and the network sends data to a first database via the external network. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one node is associated with an appliance. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving signals from at least one sensor, and using the signals in determining the action. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving information from a consumer and using the information in determining the action. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising identifying locations of the nodes in the network. | A method of generating an action in an ad hoc wireless network includes providing an ad hoc mesh network of nodes having at least one node associated with a consumer product and at least one node capable generating node data about a consumer product, sending node data to a computing device, using the computing device to retrieve data from a database and associate the data with the node data, and determining, at the computing device, an action based upon the association, and executing an action using the computing device.1. A method of generating an action in an ad hoc wireless network, comprising:
providing an ad hoc mesh network of nodes having at least one node associated with a consumer product and at least one node capable generating node data about a consumer product; sending node data to a computing device ; using the computing device to retrieve data from a database and associate the data with the node data; determining, at the computing device, an action based upon the association; and executing an action using the computing device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the action comprises one of an internal action or an external action. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the action is an internal action and comprises at least one of node functions, partner appliance/device functions, internal database functions, and sending messages to users. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the action is an external action and comprises at least one of sending a text message, sending an email, connecting with vendors, and accessing data related to devices residing at the nodes. 5. The method of claim 1, the network having connection to an external network and the network sends data to a first database via the external network. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one node is associated with an appliance. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving signals from at least one sensor, and using the signals in determining the action. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving information from a consumer and using the information in determining the action. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising identifying locations of the nodes in the network. | 2,600 |
9,572 | 9,572 | 15,158,440 | 2,626 | A display device with an integrated touch screen including a display panel including electrodes divided into a plurality of block type groups and a plurality of data lines; a display driver IC configured to apply a common voltage to the electrodes when a driving mode of the panel is a display driving mode, sequentially apply a touch scan signal to each block type group when the driving mode of the panel is a touch driving mode, and apply a data signal to the data lines associated with a corresponding block type group when the touch scan signal is applied to the corresponding block type group; and a touch IC configured to generate the touch scan signal and apply the touch scan signal to the display driver IC. | 1. A display panel with an integrated touch screen comprising:
a first electrode; a second electrode; a pixel; and a touch electrode, wherein a common voltage is applied to the touch electrode for driving the display panel during a display driving mode, and wherein a touch scan signal is applied to the touch electrode to sense a touched position, and a signal having a same phase as the touch scan signal is applied to the first electrode corresponding to the touch electrode to which the touch scan signal is applied, the signal to prevent reduction in a touch sensitivity during a touch driving mode. 2. The display panel of claim 1, wherein the pixel has an area which is defined by an intersection between the first electrode and the second electrode. 3. The display panel of claim 1, wherein display signals are applied to the first electrode and the second electrode to drive the display panel. 4. The display panel of claim 1, wherein the first electrode is a data line. 5. The display panel of claim 1, wherein the second electrode is a gate line. 6. The display panel of claim 1, wherein the signal having the same phase as the touch scan signal is the touch scan signal itself. 7. The display panel of claim 1, wherein the signal having the same phase as the touch scan signal is applied to only the first electrode corresponding to said touch electrode to which the touch scan signal is applied. 8. The display panel of claim 1, further comprising other touch electrodes, wherein the touch electrode and the other touch electrodes are grouped into a plurality of groups of touch electrodes. 9. The display panel of claim 8, wherein the touch scan signal is applied sequentially to each of the plurality of groups. 10. The display panel of claim 8, further comprising other first electrodes, wherein the signal having the same phase as the touch scan signal is applied to only the first electrode and the other first electrodes corresponding to a group of the touch electrode and the other touch electrodes to which the touch scan signal is applied. 11. The display panel of claim 1, wherein a change in a capacitance of the touch electrode is sensed for determining the touched position. 12. The display panel of claim 1, wherein the touch scan signal is applied to the touch electrode through a connection line and a change in a capacitance of the touch electrode is sensed through the connection line. 13. The display panel of claim 1, further comprising a display driver IC including a touch driver applying the signal to the first electrode and a display driver applying the signal to the first electrode. 14. The display panel of claim 1, further comprising:
a touch driver; a display driver applying the signal to the first electrode; and a touch IC applying the touch scan signal to the touch driver, wherein the touch scan signal is transferred to the display driver. 15. The display panel of claim 1, wherein the display panel is a liquid crystal display panel. 16. A display panel with an integrated touch screen comprising:
a first electrode; a pixel; and a second electrode, wherein, a common voltage is applied to the second electrode for driving the display panel during a display driving mode, and wherein, a touch scan signal is applied to the second electrode to sense a touched position, and a signal having a same phase as the touch scan signal is applied to the first electrode corresponding to the second electrode to which the touch scan signal is applied, the signal to prevent reduction in a touch sensitivity during a touch driving mode. 17. The display panel of claim 16, further comprising a third electrode, wherein the pixel has an area which is defined by an intersection between the first electrode and the third electrode. 18. The display panel of claim 16, wherein a display signal is applied to the first electrode to drive the display panel. 19. The display panel of claim 16, wherein the first electrode is a data electrode or a gate electrode. 20. The display panel of claim 16, wherein the signal having the same phase as the touch scan signal is the touch scan signal itself. 21. The display panel of claim 16, wherein the signal having the same phase as the touch scan signal is applied to only the first electrode corresponding to said second electrode. 22. The display panel of claim 16, wherein the display panel includes other second electrodes, and the second electrode and the other second electrodes are grouped into a plurality of groups. 23. The display panel of claim 22, wherein the touch scan signal is applied sequentially to each of the plurality of groups. 24. The display panel of claim 22, further comprising other first electrodes, wherein the signal having the same phase as the touch scan signal is applied to only one or more of the first electrodes corresponding to a group of the second electrodes to which the touch scan signal is applied. 25. The display panel of claim 16, wherein the second electrode operates as a touch electrode during the touch driving mode and operates as a common electrode during the display driving mode. 26. The display panel of claim 16, wherein a change in a capacitance of the second electrode is sensed for determining the touched position. 27. The display panel of claim 16, wherein the touch scan signal is applied to the second electrode through a connection line and a change in capacitance of the second electrode is sensed through the connection line. 28. The display panel of claim 16, further comprising a display driver IC including a touch driver applying the touch scan signal to the second electrode and a display driver applying the signal to the first electrode. 29. The display panel of claim 16,
a touch driver; a display driver applying the signal to the first electrode; and a touch IC applying the touch scan signal to the touch driver, wherein the touch scan signal is transferred to the display driver. 30. The display panel of claim 16, wherein the display panel is a liquid crystal panel. | A display device with an integrated touch screen including a display panel including electrodes divided into a plurality of block type groups and a plurality of data lines; a display driver IC configured to apply a common voltage to the electrodes when a driving mode of the panel is a display driving mode, sequentially apply a touch scan signal to each block type group when the driving mode of the panel is a touch driving mode, and apply a data signal to the data lines associated with a corresponding block type group when the touch scan signal is applied to the corresponding block type group; and a touch IC configured to generate the touch scan signal and apply the touch scan signal to the display driver IC.1. A display panel with an integrated touch screen comprising:
a first electrode; a second electrode; a pixel; and a touch electrode, wherein a common voltage is applied to the touch electrode for driving the display panel during a display driving mode, and wherein a touch scan signal is applied to the touch electrode to sense a touched position, and a signal having a same phase as the touch scan signal is applied to the first electrode corresponding to the touch electrode to which the touch scan signal is applied, the signal to prevent reduction in a touch sensitivity during a touch driving mode. 2. The display panel of claim 1, wherein the pixel has an area which is defined by an intersection between the first electrode and the second electrode. 3. The display panel of claim 1, wherein display signals are applied to the first electrode and the second electrode to drive the display panel. 4. The display panel of claim 1, wherein the first electrode is a data line. 5. The display panel of claim 1, wherein the second electrode is a gate line. 6. The display panel of claim 1, wherein the signal having the same phase as the touch scan signal is the touch scan signal itself. 7. The display panel of claim 1, wherein the signal having the same phase as the touch scan signal is applied to only the first electrode corresponding to said touch electrode to which the touch scan signal is applied. 8. The display panel of claim 1, further comprising other touch electrodes, wherein the touch electrode and the other touch electrodes are grouped into a plurality of groups of touch electrodes. 9. The display panel of claim 8, wherein the touch scan signal is applied sequentially to each of the plurality of groups. 10. The display panel of claim 8, further comprising other first electrodes, wherein the signal having the same phase as the touch scan signal is applied to only the first electrode and the other first electrodes corresponding to a group of the touch electrode and the other touch electrodes to which the touch scan signal is applied. 11. The display panel of claim 1, wherein a change in a capacitance of the touch electrode is sensed for determining the touched position. 12. The display panel of claim 1, wherein the touch scan signal is applied to the touch electrode through a connection line and a change in a capacitance of the touch electrode is sensed through the connection line. 13. The display panel of claim 1, further comprising a display driver IC including a touch driver applying the signal to the first electrode and a display driver applying the signal to the first electrode. 14. The display panel of claim 1, further comprising:
a touch driver; a display driver applying the signal to the first electrode; and a touch IC applying the touch scan signal to the touch driver, wherein the touch scan signal is transferred to the display driver. 15. The display panel of claim 1, wherein the display panel is a liquid crystal display panel. 16. A display panel with an integrated touch screen comprising:
a first electrode; a pixel; and a second electrode, wherein, a common voltage is applied to the second electrode for driving the display panel during a display driving mode, and wherein, a touch scan signal is applied to the second electrode to sense a touched position, and a signal having a same phase as the touch scan signal is applied to the first electrode corresponding to the second electrode to which the touch scan signal is applied, the signal to prevent reduction in a touch sensitivity during a touch driving mode. 17. The display panel of claim 16, further comprising a third electrode, wherein the pixel has an area which is defined by an intersection between the first electrode and the third electrode. 18. The display panel of claim 16, wherein a display signal is applied to the first electrode to drive the display panel. 19. The display panel of claim 16, wherein the first electrode is a data electrode or a gate electrode. 20. The display panel of claim 16, wherein the signal having the same phase as the touch scan signal is the touch scan signal itself. 21. The display panel of claim 16, wherein the signal having the same phase as the touch scan signal is applied to only the first electrode corresponding to said second electrode. 22. The display panel of claim 16, wherein the display panel includes other second electrodes, and the second electrode and the other second electrodes are grouped into a plurality of groups. 23. The display panel of claim 22, wherein the touch scan signal is applied sequentially to each of the plurality of groups. 24. The display panel of claim 22, further comprising other first electrodes, wherein the signal having the same phase as the touch scan signal is applied to only one or more of the first electrodes corresponding to a group of the second electrodes to which the touch scan signal is applied. 25. The display panel of claim 16, wherein the second electrode operates as a touch electrode during the touch driving mode and operates as a common electrode during the display driving mode. 26. The display panel of claim 16, wherein a change in a capacitance of the second electrode is sensed for determining the touched position. 27. The display panel of claim 16, wherein the touch scan signal is applied to the second electrode through a connection line and a change in capacitance of the second electrode is sensed through the connection line. 28. The display panel of claim 16, further comprising a display driver IC including a touch driver applying the touch scan signal to the second electrode and a display driver applying the signal to the first electrode. 29. The display panel of claim 16,
a touch driver; a display driver applying the signal to the first electrode; and a touch IC applying the touch scan signal to the touch driver, wherein the touch scan signal is transferred to the display driver. 30. The display panel of claim 16, wherein the display panel is a liquid crystal panel. | 2,600 |
9,573 | 9,573 | 14,643,488 | 2,692 | A method of generating a keyboard switch haptic sensation in a coupled system comprising a touch-sensitive surface and a force exciter or actuator coupled to the touch-sensitive surface, the method comprising generating a carrier wave signal at frequencies within the frequency bandwidth of the coupled system, modulating the carrier wave signal with a modulation envelope so that the modulated carrier wave signal has a closely spaced pair of peaks, and driving the exciter or actuator with the modulated carrier wave signal to excite the touch-sensitive surface to provide a closely spaced pair of impulses whereby the keyboard switch haptic sensation is simulated to a user touching the touch-sensitive surface. | 1. A method of generating a keyboard switch haptic sensation in a coupled system comprising a touch-sensitive surface and a force exciter or actuator coupled to the touch-sensitive surface, the method comprising
generating a carrier wave signal at frequencies within the frequency bandwidth of the coupled system, modulating the carrier wave signal with a modulation envelope so that the modulated carrier wave signal has a closely spaced pair of peaks comprising a first peak and a second peak, and driving the exciter or actuator with the modulated carrier wave signal to excite the touch-sensitive surface to provide a closely spaced pair of pulses whereby the keyboard switch haptic sensation is simulated to a user touching the touch-sensitive surface. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the pair of pulses have peaks spaced apart by a time interval of the order of 10 to 40 ms. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the pair of pulses have peaks spaced apart by a time interval of the order of 15 to 30 ms. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the pair of pulses have peaks spaced apart by a time interval of the order of 22 to 26 ms. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the second peak has a width of between three to four times the width of the first peak. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the modulated carrier wave signal has a duration in the region of 100 ms. 7. The method of claim 1, comprising driving the exciter with an audio signal substantially synchronous in time with the signal that produces the haptic sensation. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the audio signal has an acoustic signature having a substantially third octave bandwidth. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the audio signal has a frequency substantially in the range 800 Hz to 4 kHz. 10. The method of claim 7, comprising localising the audio signal on the touch sensitive surface to the region touched by the user. 11. The method of claim 10, comprising steering the audio signal using linear amplitude panning. 12. The method of claim 10, comprising steering the audio signal using frequency modulation. 13. The method of claim 7, comprising simultaneously steering audio signals to different regions of the touch sensitive surface. 14. The method of claim 7, comprising simultaneously steering audio signals from a plurality of force exciters or actuators. 15. The method of claim 12, comprising arranging the touch sensitive surface to form part of a member having bending modes in the frequency bandwidth of the coupled system, and taking the bending modes into account in designing the acoustic result of amplitude and/or phase shaping. 16. The method of claim 1, comprising modulating the carrier wave signal with a modulation envelope comprising a sum of two exponential functions having different decay rates so that the modulated carrier wave signal has the closely spaced pair of peaks. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein each exponential function is a function of a factor n which is dependent on the ratio r between the different decay rates. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein each exponential function is a function of the same factor n. 19. The method of claim 17, comprising determining a critical value of the or each factor n at which the modulated carrier wave signal has the closely spaced pair of peaks and setting the value n to be above this critical value. 20. The method of claim 19, comprising determining a second value of the or each factor n at which the modulated carrier wave signal has a closely spaced pair of peaks with a local minimum between the peaks to be above a determined amount and setting the value n to be above this second value. 21. The method of claim 1, comprising modulating the carrier wave signal with a modulation envelope defined as:
h(α·t,n 1 ,n 2)=(α·t)n 1 e (n 1 ·(1−α·t))+(β·t)n 2 e (n 2 ·(1−β·t))
where α and β are the decay rates of each exponential function, t is time, n1 and n2 are the factors dependent on r with r=α/β. 22. A touch sensitive device comprising
a touch-sensitive surface, a force exciter coupled to the touch-sensitive surface to excite vibration in the surface in response to a signal sent to the exciter, with the touch-sensitive surface and exciter together forming a coupled system, and a signal generator to generate the signal, with the signal generator generating a carrier wave signal at frequencies within the frequency bandwidth of the coupled system and modulating the carrier wave signal with a modulation envelope so that the modulated carrier wave signal has a closely spaced pair of peaks whereby a user touching the touch-sensitive surface excited by the exciter in response to the modulated carrier wave signal experiences a keyboard switch haptic sensation. 23. In a coupled system comprising a touch-sensitive surface and a force exciter or actuator coupled to the touch-sensitive surface, a method comprising
generating a signal at frequencies within the frequency bandwidth of the coupled system, and driving the exciter or actuator with the signal to excite the touch-sensitive surface to radiate an audible signal and to simulate a haptic sensation in response to a user touching the touch-sensitive surface. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the signal has both an audio component and a low frequency component for simulating the haptic sensation. | A method of generating a keyboard switch haptic sensation in a coupled system comprising a touch-sensitive surface and a force exciter or actuator coupled to the touch-sensitive surface, the method comprising generating a carrier wave signal at frequencies within the frequency bandwidth of the coupled system, modulating the carrier wave signal with a modulation envelope so that the modulated carrier wave signal has a closely spaced pair of peaks, and driving the exciter or actuator with the modulated carrier wave signal to excite the touch-sensitive surface to provide a closely spaced pair of impulses whereby the keyboard switch haptic sensation is simulated to a user touching the touch-sensitive surface.1. A method of generating a keyboard switch haptic sensation in a coupled system comprising a touch-sensitive surface and a force exciter or actuator coupled to the touch-sensitive surface, the method comprising
generating a carrier wave signal at frequencies within the frequency bandwidth of the coupled system, modulating the carrier wave signal with a modulation envelope so that the modulated carrier wave signal has a closely spaced pair of peaks comprising a first peak and a second peak, and driving the exciter or actuator with the modulated carrier wave signal to excite the touch-sensitive surface to provide a closely spaced pair of pulses whereby the keyboard switch haptic sensation is simulated to a user touching the touch-sensitive surface. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the pair of pulses have peaks spaced apart by a time interval of the order of 10 to 40 ms. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the pair of pulses have peaks spaced apart by a time interval of the order of 15 to 30 ms. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the pair of pulses have peaks spaced apart by a time interval of the order of 22 to 26 ms. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the second peak has a width of between three to four times the width of the first peak. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the modulated carrier wave signal has a duration in the region of 100 ms. 7. The method of claim 1, comprising driving the exciter with an audio signal substantially synchronous in time with the signal that produces the haptic sensation. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the audio signal has an acoustic signature having a substantially third octave bandwidth. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the audio signal has a frequency substantially in the range 800 Hz to 4 kHz. 10. The method of claim 7, comprising localising the audio signal on the touch sensitive surface to the region touched by the user. 11. The method of claim 10, comprising steering the audio signal using linear amplitude panning. 12. The method of claim 10, comprising steering the audio signal using frequency modulation. 13. The method of claim 7, comprising simultaneously steering audio signals to different regions of the touch sensitive surface. 14. The method of claim 7, comprising simultaneously steering audio signals from a plurality of force exciters or actuators. 15. The method of claim 12, comprising arranging the touch sensitive surface to form part of a member having bending modes in the frequency bandwidth of the coupled system, and taking the bending modes into account in designing the acoustic result of amplitude and/or phase shaping. 16. The method of claim 1, comprising modulating the carrier wave signal with a modulation envelope comprising a sum of two exponential functions having different decay rates so that the modulated carrier wave signal has the closely spaced pair of peaks. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein each exponential function is a function of a factor n which is dependent on the ratio r between the different decay rates. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein each exponential function is a function of the same factor n. 19. The method of claim 17, comprising determining a critical value of the or each factor n at which the modulated carrier wave signal has the closely spaced pair of peaks and setting the value n to be above this critical value. 20. The method of claim 19, comprising determining a second value of the or each factor n at which the modulated carrier wave signal has a closely spaced pair of peaks with a local minimum between the peaks to be above a determined amount and setting the value n to be above this second value. 21. The method of claim 1, comprising modulating the carrier wave signal with a modulation envelope defined as:
h(α·t,n 1 ,n 2)=(α·t)n 1 e (n 1 ·(1−α·t))+(β·t)n 2 e (n 2 ·(1−β·t))
where α and β are the decay rates of each exponential function, t is time, n1 and n2 are the factors dependent on r with r=α/β. 22. A touch sensitive device comprising
a touch-sensitive surface, a force exciter coupled to the touch-sensitive surface to excite vibration in the surface in response to a signal sent to the exciter, with the touch-sensitive surface and exciter together forming a coupled system, and a signal generator to generate the signal, with the signal generator generating a carrier wave signal at frequencies within the frequency bandwidth of the coupled system and modulating the carrier wave signal with a modulation envelope so that the modulated carrier wave signal has a closely spaced pair of peaks whereby a user touching the touch-sensitive surface excited by the exciter in response to the modulated carrier wave signal experiences a keyboard switch haptic sensation. 23. In a coupled system comprising a touch-sensitive surface and a force exciter or actuator coupled to the touch-sensitive surface, a method comprising
generating a signal at frequencies within the frequency bandwidth of the coupled system, and driving the exciter or actuator with the signal to excite the touch-sensitive surface to radiate an audible signal and to simulate a haptic sensation in response to a user touching the touch-sensitive surface. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the signal has both an audio component and a low frequency component for simulating the haptic sensation. | 2,600 |
9,574 | 9,574 | 12,789,751 | 2,688 | A modified hard disk drive (HDD) state is provided. The modified HDD state corresponds to a state wherein the heads of a hard disk drive assembly are parked as a baseline setting, but permitted to float over the platters for completing requests on a limited basis. This prioritizes HHD protection in certain contexts. | 1. An apparatus comprising:
one or more processors; a display which displays output generated by the one or more processors; and a hard disk drive assembly operatively connected to the one or more processors, the hard disk drive assembly comprising:
one or more platters;
one or more heads configured to read and write data from the one or more platters; and
a drive controller configured to control said hard disk drive assembly;
wherein, responsive to an indicator, the one or more heads are configured to be placed in a persist unload heads state in which the one or more heads:
temporarily park; and
perform one of limited reading and limited writing of buffered requests responsive to one or more predetermined conditions. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the indicator is selected from the group consisting of: a temporary system non-use indicator; a repetitive shock indicator and an indicator issued via an application running on the apparatus responsive to one or more measurable events. 3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the application comprises a power management application. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the drive controller is further configured to remove the one or more heads from the persist unload heads state responsive to another indicator. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the one or more predetermined conditions comprise one or more of: one or more head buffers being filled to a predefined threshold and a timeout condition being satisfied. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an accelerometer, wherein the accelerometer is configured to detect one or more accelerations indicating imminent impact and issue one or more unload heads commands. 7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein responsive to the one or more head unload commands, the one or more heads are parked. 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises a notebook computer. 9. A method comprising:
controlling, responsive to receipt of an indicator, a hard disk drive assembly of an apparatus, the hard disk drive assembly including one or more heads and one or more platters, said controlling comprising: placing the one or more heads in a persist unload heads state in which the one or more heads:
temporarily park; and
perform one of limited reading and limited writing of buffered requests responsive to one or more predetermined conditions. 10. The method according to claim 11, wherein the indicator is selected from the group consisting of: a temporary system non-use indicator; a repetitive shock indicator; and indicator issued via an application running on the apparatus responsive to one or more measurable events. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the application comprises a power management application. 12. The method according to claim 9, wherein controlling further comprises removing the one or more heads from the persist unload heads state responsive to another indicator. 13. The method according to claim 9, wherein the one or more predetermined conditions comprise one or more of: one or more head buffers being filled to a predefined threshold and a timeout condition being satisfied. 14. The method according to claim 9, further comprising detecting one or more accelerations indicating imminent impact via an accelerometer and issuing one or more unload heads commands. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein responsive to receiving the one or more head unload commands, parking the one or more heads. 16. A computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage medium having computer readable program code embodied therewith, the computer readable program code comprising: computer readable program code configured to control, responsive to receipt of an indicator, a hard disk drive assembly of an apparatus, the hard disk drive assembly including one or more heads and one or more platters, said controlling comprising: placing the one or more heads in a persist unload heads state in which the one or more heads:
temporarily park; and
perform one of limited reading and limited writing of buffered requests responsive to one or more predetermined conditions. 17. The computer program product according to claim 17, wherein the indicator is selected from the group consisting of: a temporary system non-use indicator; a repetitive shock indicator; and indicator issued via an application running on the apparatus responsive to one or more measurable events. 18. The computer program product according to claim 17, wherein the one or more predetermined conditions comprise one or more of: one or more head buffers being filled to a predefined threshold and a timeout condition being satisfied. 19. An apparatus comprising:
one or more platters; one or more heads configured to read and write data from the one or more platters; and a drive controller configured to control said hard disk drive assembly; wherein, responsive to an indicator, the one or more heads are configured to be placed in a persist unload heads state in which the one or more heads:
temporarily park; and
perform one of limited reading and limited writing of buffered requests responsive to one or more predetermined conditions. 20. The apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the indicator is selected from the group consisting of: a temporary system non-use indicator; a repetitive shock indicator; and indicator issued via an application running on the apparatus responsive to one or more measurable events. 21. The apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the one or more predetermined conditions comprise one or more of: one or more head buffers being filled to a predefined threshold and a timeout condition being satisfied. | A modified hard disk drive (HDD) state is provided. The modified HDD state corresponds to a state wherein the heads of a hard disk drive assembly are parked as a baseline setting, but permitted to float over the platters for completing requests on a limited basis. This prioritizes HHD protection in certain contexts.1. An apparatus comprising:
one or more processors; a display which displays output generated by the one or more processors; and a hard disk drive assembly operatively connected to the one or more processors, the hard disk drive assembly comprising:
one or more platters;
one or more heads configured to read and write data from the one or more platters; and
a drive controller configured to control said hard disk drive assembly;
wherein, responsive to an indicator, the one or more heads are configured to be placed in a persist unload heads state in which the one or more heads:
temporarily park; and
perform one of limited reading and limited writing of buffered requests responsive to one or more predetermined conditions. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the indicator is selected from the group consisting of: a temporary system non-use indicator; a repetitive shock indicator and an indicator issued via an application running on the apparatus responsive to one or more measurable events. 3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the application comprises a power management application. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the drive controller is further configured to remove the one or more heads from the persist unload heads state responsive to another indicator. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the one or more predetermined conditions comprise one or more of: one or more head buffers being filled to a predefined threshold and a timeout condition being satisfied. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an accelerometer, wherein the accelerometer is configured to detect one or more accelerations indicating imminent impact and issue one or more unload heads commands. 7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein responsive to the one or more head unload commands, the one or more heads are parked. 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises a notebook computer. 9. A method comprising:
controlling, responsive to receipt of an indicator, a hard disk drive assembly of an apparatus, the hard disk drive assembly including one or more heads and one or more platters, said controlling comprising: placing the one or more heads in a persist unload heads state in which the one or more heads:
temporarily park; and
perform one of limited reading and limited writing of buffered requests responsive to one or more predetermined conditions. 10. The method according to claim 11, wherein the indicator is selected from the group consisting of: a temporary system non-use indicator; a repetitive shock indicator; and indicator issued via an application running on the apparatus responsive to one or more measurable events. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the application comprises a power management application. 12. The method according to claim 9, wherein controlling further comprises removing the one or more heads from the persist unload heads state responsive to another indicator. 13. The method according to claim 9, wherein the one or more predetermined conditions comprise one or more of: one or more head buffers being filled to a predefined threshold and a timeout condition being satisfied. 14. The method according to claim 9, further comprising detecting one or more accelerations indicating imminent impact via an accelerometer and issuing one or more unload heads commands. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein responsive to receiving the one or more head unload commands, parking the one or more heads. 16. A computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage medium having computer readable program code embodied therewith, the computer readable program code comprising: computer readable program code configured to control, responsive to receipt of an indicator, a hard disk drive assembly of an apparatus, the hard disk drive assembly including one or more heads and one or more platters, said controlling comprising: placing the one or more heads in a persist unload heads state in which the one or more heads:
temporarily park; and
perform one of limited reading and limited writing of buffered requests responsive to one or more predetermined conditions. 17. The computer program product according to claim 17, wherein the indicator is selected from the group consisting of: a temporary system non-use indicator; a repetitive shock indicator; and indicator issued via an application running on the apparatus responsive to one or more measurable events. 18. The computer program product according to claim 17, wherein the one or more predetermined conditions comprise one or more of: one or more head buffers being filled to a predefined threshold and a timeout condition being satisfied. 19. An apparatus comprising:
one or more platters; one or more heads configured to read and write data from the one or more platters; and a drive controller configured to control said hard disk drive assembly; wherein, responsive to an indicator, the one or more heads are configured to be placed in a persist unload heads state in which the one or more heads:
temporarily park; and
perform one of limited reading and limited writing of buffered requests responsive to one or more predetermined conditions. 20. The apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the indicator is selected from the group consisting of: a temporary system non-use indicator; a repetitive shock indicator; and indicator issued via an application running on the apparatus responsive to one or more measurable events. 21. The apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the one or more predetermined conditions comprise one or more of: one or more head buffers being filled to a predefined threshold and a timeout condition being satisfied. | 2,600 |
9,575 | 9,575 | 14,548,337 | 2,689 | A method of generating an action in an ad hoc wireless network includes providing an ad hoc mesh network of nodes having at least one node associated with a consumer product and at least one node capable generating node data about a consumer product, sending node data to a computing device, using the computing device to retrieve data from a database and associate the data with the node data, and determining, at the computing device, an action based upon the association, and executing an action using the computing device. | 1. A method of generating an action in a node of an ad hoc wireless mesh network based on information that is collected from the node about the function of the space in which the node is located and a consumer product within the ad hoc mesh network, the method comprising the following steps:
providing an ad hoc wireless mesh network of three or more nodes, determining a relative location of the three or more nodes relative to each other based on time-of-flight communications between the nodes; determining a layout of a structure in which the three or more nodes are located; segmenting the three or more nodes into one or more rooms of the structure; providing at least one consumer product associated within the ad hoc mesh network, the at least one consumer product having no independent networking communications capability; sending characteristic data about the at least one consumer product to a computing device wherein the computing device accesses a database to gather additional information; using the characteristic data and the additional information to determine an function for at least the one or more rooms of the structure in which the at least one consumer product is located; determining an action based on the function of the one or more rooms in which the at least one consume product is located and the characteristic data about the at least one consumer product; and executing an action using the computing device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the action comprises one of an internal action or an external action. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the action is an internal action and comprises at least one of node functions, partner appliance/device functions, internal database functions, and sending messages to users. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the action is an external action and comprises at least one of sending a text message, sending an email, connecting with vendors, and accessing data related to devices residing at the nodes. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving information from a consumer and using the information in determining the action. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one consumer product is a consumable consumer product and has a level of consumption relating to the amount of the consumable consumer product that has been consumed. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the sensor collects level of consumption data about the consumable consumer product. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the node associated with the consumable consumer product sends the level of consumption data about the consumable consumer product to a computing device. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the computing device accesses a database to gather consumption information about the consumable consumer product. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the computing device uses the level of consumption data about the consumable consumer product and the consumption information about the consumable consumer product to determine an action. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the action comprises one of an internal action or an external action. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the action is an internal action and comprises at least one of node functions, partner appliance/device functions, internal database functions, and sending messages to users. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the action is an external action and comprises at least one of sending a text message, sending an email, connecting with vendors, and accessing data related to devices residing at the nodes. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising receiving consumer-based information from a consumer and using the consumer-based information along with the consumption data to determine the action. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of determining the layout of the structure includes accessing a database including information about the structure. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the action is activating another of the three or more nodes. 17. The method of claim 1 wherein two or more consumer products each associated with a different node are located within the one or more rooms of the structure and the function of the one or more rooms is determined based on relative location of the nodes associated with the consumer products to each other and the characteristic data. 18. An ad hoc mesh network in a structure having at least two rooms, the ad hoc mesh network including:
at least three nodes, wherein at least two of the nodes are located in different of the at least two rooms and wherein the nodes form at least a portion of the ad hoc mesh network; a first non-powered, consumable consumer product located within the structure and within the ad hoc mesh network, the first consumer product having no independent networking communications capability, wherein a first nodes is associated with the first consumer product and wherein the first node is in communication with the ad hoc mesh network, and wherein the node associated with the first consumer product includes a sensor for sensing characteristic data about the first consumer product; a computing device connected to the ad hoc mesh network which receives characteristic data about the first consumer product from the first node accesses a database to gather more information about the first consumer product, wherein the computing device periodically receives updated characteristic data from the first node and determines an action based on the updated characteristic data, and wherein the computing device executes the action automatically in response to receiving the updated characteristic data. 19. The ad hoc mesh network of claim 18, wherein the computing device uses the characteristic data to automatically determine a function of the rooms of the structure in which the first consumer product is located. 20. The ad hoc mesh network of claim 19, wherein the computing device determines the action based on the function of the rooms in the structure and the characteristic data about the first consumer product. 21. The ad hoc mesh network of claim 18 further including a second consumer product that is different in kind from the first consumer product, the second consumer product being consumable and wherein the second consumer product is associated with a second node that is in communication with the ad hoc mesh network and includes a second sensor that senses information about the second consumer product and provides the information to the computing device. 22. The ad hoc mesh network of claim 21, wherein the computing device uses the information about the second consumer product in addition to the characteristic data of the first consumer product to automatically determine a function for each of the rooms of the structure in which the first consumer product and the second consumer product are located. 23. The ad hoc mesh network of claim 22, wherein the computing device determines the action based on the functions of the rooms in the structure, the characteristic data about the first consumer product and the information about the second consumer product. 24. The ad hoc mesh network of claim 21, wherein the first node and the second node communicate with the characteristic data about the first consumer product and the information about the second consumer product with each other. 25. The ad hoc mesh network of claim 18, wherein all of the nodes in the network are associated one or more consumer products. 26. The ad hoc mesh network of claim 25, wherein the characteristic data shared by the first node alters an operation of the second node. 27. The ad hoc mesh network of claim 18, wherein the first consumer product is disposable. 28. The ad hoc mesh network of claim 18, wherein the first node is disposable. 29. The ad hoc mesh network of claim 18, wherein ad hoc network is formed when the first node and the second node are located close enough to each other to communicate with each other. | A method of generating an action in an ad hoc wireless network includes providing an ad hoc mesh network of nodes having at least one node associated with a consumer product and at least one node capable generating node data about a consumer product, sending node data to a computing device, using the computing device to retrieve data from a database and associate the data with the node data, and determining, at the computing device, an action based upon the association, and executing an action using the computing device.1. A method of generating an action in a node of an ad hoc wireless mesh network based on information that is collected from the node about the function of the space in which the node is located and a consumer product within the ad hoc mesh network, the method comprising the following steps:
providing an ad hoc wireless mesh network of three or more nodes, determining a relative location of the three or more nodes relative to each other based on time-of-flight communications between the nodes; determining a layout of a structure in which the three or more nodes are located; segmenting the three or more nodes into one or more rooms of the structure; providing at least one consumer product associated within the ad hoc mesh network, the at least one consumer product having no independent networking communications capability; sending characteristic data about the at least one consumer product to a computing device wherein the computing device accesses a database to gather additional information; using the characteristic data and the additional information to determine an function for at least the one or more rooms of the structure in which the at least one consumer product is located; determining an action based on the function of the one or more rooms in which the at least one consume product is located and the characteristic data about the at least one consumer product; and executing an action using the computing device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the action comprises one of an internal action or an external action. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the action is an internal action and comprises at least one of node functions, partner appliance/device functions, internal database functions, and sending messages to users. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the action is an external action and comprises at least one of sending a text message, sending an email, connecting with vendors, and accessing data related to devices residing at the nodes. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving information from a consumer and using the information in determining the action. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one consumer product is a consumable consumer product and has a level of consumption relating to the amount of the consumable consumer product that has been consumed. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the sensor collects level of consumption data about the consumable consumer product. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the node associated with the consumable consumer product sends the level of consumption data about the consumable consumer product to a computing device. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the computing device accesses a database to gather consumption information about the consumable consumer product. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the computing device uses the level of consumption data about the consumable consumer product and the consumption information about the consumable consumer product to determine an action. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the action comprises one of an internal action or an external action. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the action is an internal action and comprises at least one of node functions, partner appliance/device functions, internal database functions, and sending messages to users. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the action is an external action and comprises at least one of sending a text message, sending an email, connecting with vendors, and accessing data related to devices residing at the nodes. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising receiving consumer-based information from a consumer and using the consumer-based information along with the consumption data to determine the action. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of determining the layout of the structure includes accessing a database including information about the structure. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the action is activating another of the three or more nodes. 17. The method of claim 1 wherein two or more consumer products each associated with a different node are located within the one or more rooms of the structure and the function of the one or more rooms is determined based on relative location of the nodes associated with the consumer products to each other and the characteristic data. 18. An ad hoc mesh network in a structure having at least two rooms, the ad hoc mesh network including:
at least three nodes, wherein at least two of the nodes are located in different of the at least two rooms and wherein the nodes form at least a portion of the ad hoc mesh network; a first non-powered, consumable consumer product located within the structure and within the ad hoc mesh network, the first consumer product having no independent networking communications capability, wherein a first nodes is associated with the first consumer product and wherein the first node is in communication with the ad hoc mesh network, and wherein the node associated with the first consumer product includes a sensor for sensing characteristic data about the first consumer product; a computing device connected to the ad hoc mesh network which receives characteristic data about the first consumer product from the first node accesses a database to gather more information about the first consumer product, wherein the computing device periodically receives updated characteristic data from the first node and determines an action based on the updated characteristic data, and wherein the computing device executes the action automatically in response to receiving the updated characteristic data. 19. The ad hoc mesh network of claim 18, wherein the computing device uses the characteristic data to automatically determine a function of the rooms of the structure in which the first consumer product is located. 20. The ad hoc mesh network of claim 19, wherein the computing device determines the action based on the function of the rooms in the structure and the characteristic data about the first consumer product. 21. The ad hoc mesh network of claim 18 further including a second consumer product that is different in kind from the first consumer product, the second consumer product being consumable and wherein the second consumer product is associated with a second node that is in communication with the ad hoc mesh network and includes a second sensor that senses information about the second consumer product and provides the information to the computing device. 22. The ad hoc mesh network of claim 21, wherein the computing device uses the information about the second consumer product in addition to the characteristic data of the first consumer product to automatically determine a function for each of the rooms of the structure in which the first consumer product and the second consumer product are located. 23. The ad hoc mesh network of claim 22, wherein the computing device determines the action based on the functions of the rooms in the structure, the characteristic data about the first consumer product and the information about the second consumer product. 24. The ad hoc mesh network of claim 21, wherein the first node and the second node communicate with the characteristic data about the first consumer product and the information about the second consumer product with each other. 25. The ad hoc mesh network of claim 18, wherein all of the nodes in the network are associated one or more consumer products. 26. The ad hoc mesh network of claim 25, wherein the characteristic data shared by the first node alters an operation of the second node. 27. The ad hoc mesh network of claim 18, wherein the first consumer product is disposable. 28. The ad hoc mesh network of claim 18, wherein the first node is disposable. 29. The ad hoc mesh network of claim 18, wherein ad hoc network is formed when the first node and the second node are located close enough to each other to communicate with each other. | 2,600 |
9,576 | 9,576 | 15,089,447 | 2,674 | A virtual reality system includes a head-mounted display (HMD) having one or more facial sensors and illumination sources mounted to a surface of the HMD. For example, the facial sensors are image capture devices coupled to a bottom side of the HMD. The illumination sources illuminate portions of a user's face outside of the HMD, while the facial sensors capture images of the illuminated portions of the user's face. A controller receives the captured images and generates a representation of the portions of the user's face by identifying landmarks of the user's face in the captured images and performing other suitable image processing methods. Based on the representation, the controller or another component of the virtual reality system generates content for presentation to the user. | 1. A head mounted display (HMD) comprising:
a rigid body including display element configured to display content to a user wearing the HMD and an optics block configured to direct light from the display element to an exit pupil of the HMD; one or more illumination sources coupled to a surface of the rigid body and configured illuminate portions of a face of the user that are external to the rigid body; one or more image capture devices coupled to the surface of the rigid body and configured to capture one or more images of one or more portions of the face of the user external to the rigid body that are illuminated by the one or more illumination sources; and a controller configured to receive one or more captured images from the one or more image capture devices and to generate a reconstruction of the portion of the face of the user from the one or more captured images. 2. The HMD of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to:
provide instructions to the user to perform one or more facial expressions at different time intervals; receive one or more images from the one or more image capture devices captured during the different time intervals, images captured during a time interval corresponding to a facial expression the user was instructed to perform during the time interval; identify one or more landmarks of the face of the user based on images captured during time intervals corresponding to different facial expressions the user was instructed to perform; and generate the reconstruction of the portion of the face of the user based on the one or more landmarks and the one or more captured images. 3. The HMD of claim 1, wherein generate the reconstruction of the portion of the face of the user from the one or more captured images comprises:
identify a pixel having a maximum brightness in each of the captured images; generate mappings between the brightest pixel in each of the captured images and a surface of the portion of the face of the user; and generate the reconstruction of the portion of the face of the user based on the mappings. 4. The HMD of claim 1, wherein an image capture device comprises an infrared camera. 5. The HMD of claim 4, wherein the one or more illumination sources are configured to emit infrared light. 6. The HMD of claim 1, wherein the surface of the rigid body comprises a bottom side of the HMD. 7. The HMD of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to generate content based on the reconstruction and provide the content to the electronic display, such as instructions for displaying the reconstruction, and provides the content to the display element for presentation to the user 8. The HMD of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to communicate the reconstruction to a virtual reality console that generates content based on the reconstruction and the display element is configured to receive the generated content from the virtual reality console and to present the generated content to the user. 9. The HMD of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to store the reconstruction in association with an identifier of the user. 10. A head mounted display (HMD) comprising:
a rigid body including display element configured to display content to a user wearing the HMD and an optics block configured to direct light from the display element to an exit pupil of the HMD; one or more illumination sources coupled to a surface of the rigid body and configured illuminate portions of a face of the user that are external to the rigid body; one or more facial sensors coupled to the surface of the rigid body and configured to capture characteristics of one or more portions of the face of the user external to the rigid body that are illuminated by the one or more illumination sources; and a controller configured to receive the captured characteristics from the one or more image capture devices and to generate a reconstruction of the portion of the face of the user from the one or more captured characteristics. 11. The HMD of claim 11, wherein the one or more facial sensors include one or more non-optical sensors. 12. The HMD of claim 11, wherein a non-optical sensor is selected from a group consisting of: an audio sensor, a strain gauge, an electric sensor, a magnetic sensor, a proximity sensor, and any combination thereof. 13. The HMD of claim 10, wherein the controller is further configured to:
provide instructions to the user to perform one or more facial expressions at different time intervals; receive characteristics captured by the one or more facial sensors during the different time intervals, characteristics captured during a time interval corresponding to a facial expression the user was instructed to perform during the time interval; identify one or more landmarks of the face of the user based at least in part on one or more characteristics corresponding to facial expression the user was instructed to perform during different time intervals; and generate the reconstruction of the portion of the face of the user based on the one or more landmarks and the captured characteristics. 14. The HMD of claim 10, wherein one or more of the facial sensors comprise image capture devices. 15. The HMD of claim 14, wherein the one or more captured characteristics comprise images of one or more portions of the face of the user external to the rigid body that are illuminated by the one or more illumination sources and wherein generate the reconstruction of the portion of the face of the user from the one or more captured characteristics comprises:
identify a pixel having a maximum brightness in each of the captured images; generate mappings between the brightest pixel in each of the captured images and a surface of the portion of the face of the user; and generate the reconstruction of the portion of the face of the user based on the mappings. 16. The HMD of claim 14, wherein an image capture device comprises an infrared camera. 17. The HMD of claim 16, wherein the one or more illumination sources are configured to emit infrared light. 18. The HMD of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to generate content based on the reconstruction and provide the content to the electronic display, such as instructions for displaying the reconstruction, and provides the content to the display element for presentation to the user 19. The HMD of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to communicate the reconstruction to a virtual reality console that generates content based on the reconstruction and the display element is configured to receive the generated content from the virtual reality console and to present the generated content to the user. 20. A method comprising:
illuminating a portion of a face of a user wearing a head mounted display (HMD) external to the HMD using one or more illumination sources coupled to one or more surfaces of the HMD; capturing images of the portion of the face illuminated by the one or more illumination sources; identifying a pixel having a maximum brightness in each of the captured images; generating mappings between the identified pixel each of the captured images and a surface of the portion of the face of the user; generating the reconstruction of the portion of the face of the user based on the mappings; and providing content based on the generated reconstruction for presentation to the user via the HMD. | A virtual reality system includes a head-mounted display (HMD) having one or more facial sensors and illumination sources mounted to a surface of the HMD. For example, the facial sensors are image capture devices coupled to a bottom side of the HMD. The illumination sources illuminate portions of a user's face outside of the HMD, while the facial sensors capture images of the illuminated portions of the user's face. A controller receives the captured images and generates a representation of the portions of the user's face by identifying landmarks of the user's face in the captured images and performing other suitable image processing methods. Based on the representation, the controller or another component of the virtual reality system generates content for presentation to the user.1. A head mounted display (HMD) comprising:
a rigid body including display element configured to display content to a user wearing the HMD and an optics block configured to direct light from the display element to an exit pupil of the HMD; one or more illumination sources coupled to a surface of the rigid body and configured illuminate portions of a face of the user that are external to the rigid body; one or more image capture devices coupled to the surface of the rigid body and configured to capture one or more images of one or more portions of the face of the user external to the rigid body that are illuminated by the one or more illumination sources; and a controller configured to receive one or more captured images from the one or more image capture devices and to generate a reconstruction of the portion of the face of the user from the one or more captured images. 2. The HMD of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to:
provide instructions to the user to perform one or more facial expressions at different time intervals; receive one or more images from the one or more image capture devices captured during the different time intervals, images captured during a time interval corresponding to a facial expression the user was instructed to perform during the time interval; identify one or more landmarks of the face of the user based on images captured during time intervals corresponding to different facial expressions the user was instructed to perform; and generate the reconstruction of the portion of the face of the user based on the one or more landmarks and the one or more captured images. 3. The HMD of claim 1, wherein generate the reconstruction of the portion of the face of the user from the one or more captured images comprises:
identify a pixel having a maximum brightness in each of the captured images; generate mappings between the brightest pixel in each of the captured images and a surface of the portion of the face of the user; and generate the reconstruction of the portion of the face of the user based on the mappings. 4. The HMD of claim 1, wherein an image capture device comprises an infrared camera. 5. The HMD of claim 4, wherein the one or more illumination sources are configured to emit infrared light. 6. The HMD of claim 1, wherein the surface of the rigid body comprises a bottom side of the HMD. 7. The HMD of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to generate content based on the reconstruction and provide the content to the electronic display, such as instructions for displaying the reconstruction, and provides the content to the display element for presentation to the user 8. The HMD of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to communicate the reconstruction to a virtual reality console that generates content based on the reconstruction and the display element is configured to receive the generated content from the virtual reality console and to present the generated content to the user. 9. The HMD of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to store the reconstruction in association with an identifier of the user. 10. A head mounted display (HMD) comprising:
a rigid body including display element configured to display content to a user wearing the HMD and an optics block configured to direct light from the display element to an exit pupil of the HMD; one or more illumination sources coupled to a surface of the rigid body and configured illuminate portions of a face of the user that are external to the rigid body; one or more facial sensors coupled to the surface of the rigid body and configured to capture characteristics of one or more portions of the face of the user external to the rigid body that are illuminated by the one or more illumination sources; and a controller configured to receive the captured characteristics from the one or more image capture devices and to generate a reconstruction of the portion of the face of the user from the one or more captured characteristics. 11. The HMD of claim 11, wherein the one or more facial sensors include one or more non-optical sensors. 12. The HMD of claim 11, wherein a non-optical sensor is selected from a group consisting of: an audio sensor, a strain gauge, an electric sensor, a magnetic sensor, a proximity sensor, and any combination thereof. 13. The HMD of claim 10, wherein the controller is further configured to:
provide instructions to the user to perform one or more facial expressions at different time intervals; receive characteristics captured by the one or more facial sensors during the different time intervals, characteristics captured during a time interval corresponding to a facial expression the user was instructed to perform during the time interval; identify one or more landmarks of the face of the user based at least in part on one or more characteristics corresponding to facial expression the user was instructed to perform during different time intervals; and generate the reconstruction of the portion of the face of the user based on the one or more landmarks and the captured characteristics. 14. The HMD of claim 10, wherein one or more of the facial sensors comprise image capture devices. 15. The HMD of claim 14, wherein the one or more captured characteristics comprise images of one or more portions of the face of the user external to the rigid body that are illuminated by the one or more illumination sources and wherein generate the reconstruction of the portion of the face of the user from the one or more captured characteristics comprises:
identify a pixel having a maximum brightness in each of the captured images; generate mappings between the brightest pixel in each of the captured images and a surface of the portion of the face of the user; and generate the reconstruction of the portion of the face of the user based on the mappings. 16. The HMD of claim 14, wherein an image capture device comprises an infrared camera. 17. The HMD of claim 16, wherein the one or more illumination sources are configured to emit infrared light. 18. The HMD of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to generate content based on the reconstruction and provide the content to the electronic display, such as instructions for displaying the reconstruction, and provides the content to the display element for presentation to the user 19. The HMD of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to communicate the reconstruction to a virtual reality console that generates content based on the reconstruction and the display element is configured to receive the generated content from the virtual reality console and to present the generated content to the user. 20. A method comprising:
illuminating a portion of a face of a user wearing a head mounted display (HMD) external to the HMD using one or more illumination sources coupled to one or more surfaces of the HMD; capturing images of the portion of the face illuminated by the one or more illumination sources; identifying a pixel having a maximum brightness in each of the captured images; generating mappings between the identified pixel each of the captured images and a surface of the portion of the face of the user; generating the reconstruction of the portion of the face of the user based on the mappings; and providing content based on the generated reconstruction for presentation to the user via the HMD. | 2,600 |
9,577 | 9,577 | 14,976,809 | 2,663 | System and techniques for direct motion sensor input to rendering pipeline are described herein. A ranked list of ASR hypotheses may be obtained. A set of ASR hypotheses may be selected from the list. The set of ASR hypothesis may be re-ranked using semantic coherence scoring between words in the ASR hypotheses. An ASR hypothesis from the set of ASR hypotheses with a highest re-rank may be outputted. | 1. A component for semantic word affinity automatic speech recognition (ASR), the component comprising:
a storage device to hold a ranked list of ASR hypotheses obtained by the component; a filter to select a set of ASR hypotheses from the list, the set of ASR hypotheses consisting of a predefined number of highest ranked ASR hypotheses from the list; a processor to re-rank the set of ASR hypothesis using semantic coherence scoring between words in the ASR hypotheses, wherein to use semantic coherence scoring includes the processor to apply a semantic model to words in an ASR hypothesis to produce a respective semantic score, wherein the semantic model comprises a set of word vectors, wherein to apply the semantic model includes the processor to compute a distance between word vectors of words in a hypothesis and re-ranking the hypothesis higher when the distance s small; and an interface to output a highest re-ranked ASR hypothesis from the set of ASR hypotheses. 2-4. (canceled) 5. The component of claim 1, wherein to apply the semantic model includes the processor to average distances between word vectors in keyphrases extracted from the hypothesis. 6. The component of claim 1, wherein to use semantic coherence scoring includes the processor to:
produce a context semantic score, using the semantic model, from a context of the hypothesis, the context including a previously accepted hypothesis in a corpus that includes the hypothesis; and combine the context semantic score and the respective semantic score. 7. The component of claim 6, wherein the context semantic score and the respective semantic coherence score are respective weighted sums of word vectors of the semantic model for words respectively present in the context semantic score and the respective semantic score. 8. The component of claim 7, wherein to combine the context semantic score and the respective semantic score includes the processor to compute a distance between the respective weighted sums of word vectors, a smaller distance corresponding to a higher rank for the hypothesis. 9. A method for semantic word affinity automatic speech recognition (ASR), the method comprising:
obtaining, by a device component, a ranked list of ASR hypotheses; selecting, by the device component, a set of ASR hypotheses from the list, the set of ASR hypotheses consisting of a predefined number of highest ranked ASR hypotheses from the list; re-ranking by the device component, the set of ASR hypothesis using semantic coherence scoring between words in the ASR hypotheses, wherein using semantic coherence scoring includes applying a semantic model to words in an ASR hypothesis to produce a respective semantic score, wherein the semantic model comprises a set of word vectors, wherein applying the semantic model includes computing a distance between word vectors of words in a hypothesis and re-ranking the hypothesis higher when the distance is small; and outputting, by the device component, an ASR hypothesis from the set of ASR hypotheses with a highest re-rank. 10-12. (canceled) 13. The method of claim 9, wherein applying the semantic model includes averaging distances between word vectors in keyphrases extracted from the hypothesis. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein using semantic coherence scoring includes:
producing a context semantic score, using the semantic model, from a context of the hypothesis, the context including a previously accepted hypothesis in a corpus that includes the hypothesis; and combining the context semantic score and the respective semantic score. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the context semantic score and the respective semantic coherence score are respective weighted sums of word vectors of the semantic model for words respectively present in the context semantic score and the respective semantic score. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein combining the context semantic score and the respective semantic score includes computing a distance between the respective weighted sums of word vectors, a smaller distance corresponding to a higher rank for the hypothesis. 17. At least one non-transitory machine readable medium including instructions for semantic word affinity automatic speech recognition (ASR), the instructions, when executed by a machine, cause the machine to perform operations comprising:
obtaining, by a device component, a ranked list of ASR hypotheses; selecting, by the device component, a set of ASR hypotheses from the list, the set of ASR hypotheses consisting of a predefined number of highest ranked ASR hypotheses from the list; re-ranking by the device component, the set of ASR hypothesis using semantic coherence scoring between words in the ASR hypotheses, wherein using semantic coherence scoring includes applying a semantic model to words in an ASR hypothesis to produce a respective semantic score, wherein the semantic model comprises a set of word vectors, wherein applying the semantic model includes computing a distance between word vectors of words in a hypothesis and re-ranking the hypothesis higher when the distance is small; and outputting, by the device component, an ASR hypothesis from the set of ASR hypotheses with a highest re-rank. 18-20. (canceled) 21. The machine readable medium of claim 17, wherein applying the semantic model includes averaging distances between word vectors in keyphrases extracted from the hypothesis. 22. The machine readable medium of claim 17, wherein using semantic coherence scoring includes:
producing a context semantic score, using the semantic model, from a context of the hypothesis, the context including a previously accepted hypothesis in a corpus that includes the hypothesis; and combining the context semantic score and the respective semantic score. 23. The machine readable medium of claim 22, wherein the context semantic score and the respective semantic coherence score are respective weighted sums of word vectors of the semantic model for words respectively present in the context semantic score and the respective semantic score. 24. The machine readable medium of claim 23, wherein combining the context semantic score and the respective semantic score includes computing a distance between the respective weighted sums of word vectors, a smaller distance corresponding to a higher rank for the hypothesis. 25. The component of claim 1, wherein the ranked list of ASR hypothesis are ranked by at least one of an acoustical model or a statistical n-gram model, wherein a gram is a word. 26. The component of claim 1, wherein to compute the distance includes the processor to compute a cosine distance between the word vectors. 27. The component of claim 6, wherein the context includes a plurality of hypothesis selected from the corpus based on a predefined portion of speech, the predefined portion of speech being at least one of a paragraph, a window of sentences, or a conversation. 28. The method of claim 9, wherein the ranked list of ASR hypothesis are ranked by at east one of an acoustical model or a statistical n-gram model, wherein a gram is a word. 29. The method of claim 9, wherein computing the distance includes computing a cosine distance between the word vectors. 30. The method of claim 14, wherein the context includes a plurality of hypothesis selected from the corpus based on a predefined portion of speech, the predefined portion of speech being at least one of a paragraph, a window of sentences, or a conversation. 31. The machine readable medium of claim 17, wherein the ranked list of ASR hypothesis are ranked by at least one of an acoustical model or a statistical n-gram model, wherein a grain is a word. 32. The machine readable medium of claim 17, wherein computing the distance includes computing a cosine distance between the word vectors. 33. The machine readable medium of claim 22, wherein the context includes a plurality of hypothesis selected from the corpus based on a predefined portion of speech, the predefined portion of speech being at least one of a paragraph, a window of sentences, or a conversation. | System and techniques for direct motion sensor input to rendering pipeline are described herein. A ranked list of ASR hypotheses may be obtained. A set of ASR hypotheses may be selected from the list. The set of ASR hypothesis may be re-ranked using semantic coherence scoring between words in the ASR hypotheses. An ASR hypothesis from the set of ASR hypotheses with a highest re-rank may be outputted.1. A component for semantic word affinity automatic speech recognition (ASR), the component comprising:
a storage device to hold a ranked list of ASR hypotheses obtained by the component; a filter to select a set of ASR hypotheses from the list, the set of ASR hypotheses consisting of a predefined number of highest ranked ASR hypotheses from the list; a processor to re-rank the set of ASR hypothesis using semantic coherence scoring between words in the ASR hypotheses, wherein to use semantic coherence scoring includes the processor to apply a semantic model to words in an ASR hypothesis to produce a respective semantic score, wherein the semantic model comprises a set of word vectors, wherein to apply the semantic model includes the processor to compute a distance between word vectors of words in a hypothesis and re-ranking the hypothesis higher when the distance s small; and an interface to output a highest re-ranked ASR hypothesis from the set of ASR hypotheses. 2-4. (canceled) 5. The component of claim 1, wherein to apply the semantic model includes the processor to average distances between word vectors in keyphrases extracted from the hypothesis. 6. The component of claim 1, wherein to use semantic coherence scoring includes the processor to:
produce a context semantic score, using the semantic model, from a context of the hypothesis, the context including a previously accepted hypothesis in a corpus that includes the hypothesis; and combine the context semantic score and the respective semantic score. 7. The component of claim 6, wherein the context semantic score and the respective semantic coherence score are respective weighted sums of word vectors of the semantic model for words respectively present in the context semantic score and the respective semantic score. 8. The component of claim 7, wherein to combine the context semantic score and the respective semantic score includes the processor to compute a distance between the respective weighted sums of word vectors, a smaller distance corresponding to a higher rank for the hypothesis. 9. A method for semantic word affinity automatic speech recognition (ASR), the method comprising:
obtaining, by a device component, a ranked list of ASR hypotheses; selecting, by the device component, a set of ASR hypotheses from the list, the set of ASR hypotheses consisting of a predefined number of highest ranked ASR hypotheses from the list; re-ranking by the device component, the set of ASR hypothesis using semantic coherence scoring between words in the ASR hypotheses, wherein using semantic coherence scoring includes applying a semantic model to words in an ASR hypothesis to produce a respective semantic score, wherein the semantic model comprises a set of word vectors, wherein applying the semantic model includes computing a distance between word vectors of words in a hypothesis and re-ranking the hypothesis higher when the distance is small; and outputting, by the device component, an ASR hypothesis from the set of ASR hypotheses with a highest re-rank. 10-12. (canceled) 13. The method of claim 9, wherein applying the semantic model includes averaging distances between word vectors in keyphrases extracted from the hypothesis. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein using semantic coherence scoring includes:
producing a context semantic score, using the semantic model, from a context of the hypothesis, the context including a previously accepted hypothesis in a corpus that includes the hypothesis; and combining the context semantic score and the respective semantic score. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the context semantic score and the respective semantic coherence score are respective weighted sums of word vectors of the semantic model for words respectively present in the context semantic score and the respective semantic score. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein combining the context semantic score and the respective semantic score includes computing a distance between the respective weighted sums of word vectors, a smaller distance corresponding to a higher rank for the hypothesis. 17. At least one non-transitory machine readable medium including instructions for semantic word affinity automatic speech recognition (ASR), the instructions, when executed by a machine, cause the machine to perform operations comprising:
obtaining, by a device component, a ranked list of ASR hypotheses; selecting, by the device component, a set of ASR hypotheses from the list, the set of ASR hypotheses consisting of a predefined number of highest ranked ASR hypotheses from the list; re-ranking by the device component, the set of ASR hypothesis using semantic coherence scoring between words in the ASR hypotheses, wherein using semantic coherence scoring includes applying a semantic model to words in an ASR hypothesis to produce a respective semantic score, wherein the semantic model comprises a set of word vectors, wherein applying the semantic model includes computing a distance between word vectors of words in a hypothesis and re-ranking the hypothesis higher when the distance is small; and outputting, by the device component, an ASR hypothesis from the set of ASR hypotheses with a highest re-rank. 18-20. (canceled) 21. The machine readable medium of claim 17, wherein applying the semantic model includes averaging distances between word vectors in keyphrases extracted from the hypothesis. 22. The machine readable medium of claim 17, wherein using semantic coherence scoring includes:
producing a context semantic score, using the semantic model, from a context of the hypothesis, the context including a previously accepted hypothesis in a corpus that includes the hypothesis; and combining the context semantic score and the respective semantic score. 23. The machine readable medium of claim 22, wherein the context semantic score and the respective semantic coherence score are respective weighted sums of word vectors of the semantic model for words respectively present in the context semantic score and the respective semantic score. 24. The machine readable medium of claim 23, wherein combining the context semantic score and the respective semantic score includes computing a distance between the respective weighted sums of word vectors, a smaller distance corresponding to a higher rank for the hypothesis. 25. The component of claim 1, wherein the ranked list of ASR hypothesis are ranked by at least one of an acoustical model or a statistical n-gram model, wherein a gram is a word. 26. The component of claim 1, wherein to compute the distance includes the processor to compute a cosine distance between the word vectors. 27. The component of claim 6, wherein the context includes a plurality of hypothesis selected from the corpus based on a predefined portion of speech, the predefined portion of speech being at least one of a paragraph, a window of sentences, or a conversation. 28. The method of claim 9, wherein the ranked list of ASR hypothesis are ranked by at east one of an acoustical model or a statistical n-gram model, wherein a gram is a word. 29. The method of claim 9, wherein computing the distance includes computing a cosine distance between the word vectors. 30. The method of claim 14, wherein the context includes a plurality of hypothesis selected from the corpus based on a predefined portion of speech, the predefined portion of speech being at least one of a paragraph, a window of sentences, or a conversation. 31. The machine readable medium of claim 17, wherein the ranked list of ASR hypothesis are ranked by at least one of an acoustical model or a statistical n-gram model, wherein a grain is a word. 32. The machine readable medium of claim 17, wherein computing the distance includes computing a cosine distance between the word vectors. 33. The machine readable medium of claim 22, wherein the context includes a plurality of hypothesis selected from the corpus based on a predefined portion of speech, the predefined portion of speech being at least one of a paragraph, a window of sentences, or a conversation. | 2,600 |
9,578 | 9,578 | 14,728,919 | 2,637 | An optical receiver includes a plurality of optical/electrical (O/E) converters to couple to a corresponding plurality of optical fibers. The optical receiver also includes an analog switch to receive a plurality of analog electric signals generated by the plurality of O/E converters and selectively provide one of the plurality of analog electric signals for conversion to a digital electrical signal. Some embodiments of the optical receiver may be used to connect a level-2 (L-2) switch in a data center to a plurality of optical fibers such as optical fibers used to interconnect switches in the data center. | 1. An apparatus, comprising:
a plurality of optical/electrical (O/E) converters to couple to a corresponding plurality of optical fibers; an analog switch to receive a plurality of analog electric signals generated by the plurality of O/E converters and to selectively provide one of the plurality of analog electric signals for conversion to a digital electrical signal; and a controller to provide a control signal to the analog switch, wherein the control signal indicates the one of the plurality of analog electric signals, and wherein the analog switch asserts at least one loss-of-signal (LOS) signal to the controller in response to at least one of the plurality of analog electric signals having a value that is below a threshold value. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
at least one physical media dependent entity (PMD) to receive the selected one of the plurality of analog electric signals from the analog switch; and at least one physical media attachment (PMA) connected to the at least one PMD, wherein the PMA provides a decoded digital electrical signal to a data link layer. 3-4. (canceled) 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller provides the control signal having a value determined based on at least one of a plurality of priorities associated with the plurality of O/E converters and the at least one LOS signal. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the controller receives a state selection signal that indicates the plurality of priorities associated with the plurality of O/E converters. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the analog switch comprises at least one amplifier to amplify the plurality of analog electric signals generated by the plurality of O/E converters. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of switch pathways corresponding to a plurality of optical input lanes of different wavelengths, polarizations, optical spatial modes, optical cores or optical fibers, each of the plurality of switch pathways comprising a plurality of O/E converters to couple to a corresponding plurality of optical fibers and an analog switch to receive a plurality of analog electric signals generated by the plurality of O/E converters and selectively provide one of the plurality of analog electric signals for conversion to a digital electrical signal. 9. A method, comprising:
generating, at a plurality of optical/electrical (O/E) converters, a plurality of analog electric signals in response to a plurality of optical signals received from a corresponding plurality of optical fibers; selecting, at an analog switch, one of the plurality of analog electric signals for conversion to a digital electrical signal; receiving, at the analog switch, a control signal that indicates the one of the plurality of analog electric signals; and asserting, by the analog switch, at least one loss-of-signal (LOS) signal in response to at least one of the plurality of analog electric signals having a value that is below a threshold value. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein selectively providing the one of the plurality of analog electric signals comprises selectively providing the one of the plurality of analog signals to at least one physical media dependent entity (PMD) and at least one physical media attachment (PMA) connected to the at least one PMD, wherein the PMA provides a digital electrical signal to a data link layer. 11-12. (canceled) 13. The method of claim 9, wherein receiving the control signal comprises receiving the control signal having a value determined based on at least one of a plurality of priorities associated with the plurality of O/E converters and the at least one LOS signal. 14. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
amplifying, at the analog switch, the plurality of analog electric signals generated by the plurality of O/E converters. 15. An apparatus, comprising:
a level-2 (L-2) switch, wherein the L-2 switch is configured to be coupled to a plurality of optical fibers by at least one optical receiver, wherein the at least one optical receiver comprises:
a plurality of optical/electrical (O/E) converters to couple to a corresponding plurality of optical fibers;
an analog switch to receive a plurality of analog electric signals generated by the plurality of O/E converters and selectively provide one of the plurality of analog electric signals for conversion to a digital electrical signal; and
a controller to provide a control signal to the analog switch, wherein the control signal indicates the one of the plurality of analog electric signals, wherein the analog switch asserts at least one loss-of-signal (LOS) signal to the controller in response to at least one of the plurality of analog electric signals having a value that is below a threshold value. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the L-2 switch is at least one of an aggregation switch and a distribution switch. 17. (canceled) 18. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the controller provides the control signal having a value determined based on at least one of a plurality of priorities associated with the plurality of O/E converters and the at least one LOS signal. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the controller receives a state selection signal that indicates the plurality of priorities associated with the plurality of O/E converters. 20. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the analog switch comprises at least one amplifier to amplify the plurality of analog electric signals generated by the plurality of O/E converters. 21. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is to provide a control signal that indicates a first one of the plurality of analog electric signals that has a value above the threshold value in response to determining that a second one of the plurality of analog electric signals has a value that is below the threshold value. 22. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is to provide a control signal that indicates a first one of the plurality of analog electric signals that has a value below the threshold value in response to determining that the first one and a second one of the plurality of analog electric signals have the values that are below the threshold value. 23. The method of claim 9, wherein receiving the control signal comprises receiving a control signal that indicates a first one of the plurality of analog electric signals that has a value above the threshold value in response to determining that a second one of the plurality of analog electric signals has a value that is below the threshold value. 24. The method of claim 9, wherein receiving the control signal comprises receiving a control signal that indicates a first one of the plurality of analog electric signals that has a value below the threshold value in response to determining that the first one and a second one of the plurality of analog electric signals have the values that are below the threshold value. 25. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the controller is to provide a control signal that indicates a first one of the plurality of analog electric signals that has a value above the threshold value in response to determining that a second one of the plurality of analog electric signals has a value that is below the threshold value, and wherein the controller is to provide a control signal that indicates a first one of the plurality of analog electric signals that has a value below the threshold value in response to determining that the first one and a second one of the plurality of analog electric signals have the values that are below the threshold value. | An optical receiver includes a plurality of optical/electrical (O/E) converters to couple to a corresponding plurality of optical fibers. The optical receiver also includes an analog switch to receive a plurality of analog electric signals generated by the plurality of O/E converters and selectively provide one of the plurality of analog electric signals for conversion to a digital electrical signal. Some embodiments of the optical receiver may be used to connect a level-2 (L-2) switch in a data center to a plurality of optical fibers such as optical fibers used to interconnect switches in the data center.1. An apparatus, comprising:
a plurality of optical/electrical (O/E) converters to couple to a corresponding plurality of optical fibers; an analog switch to receive a plurality of analog electric signals generated by the plurality of O/E converters and to selectively provide one of the plurality of analog electric signals for conversion to a digital electrical signal; and a controller to provide a control signal to the analog switch, wherein the control signal indicates the one of the plurality of analog electric signals, and wherein the analog switch asserts at least one loss-of-signal (LOS) signal to the controller in response to at least one of the plurality of analog electric signals having a value that is below a threshold value. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
at least one physical media dependent entity (PMD) to receive the selected one of the plurality of analog electric signals from the analog switch; and at least one physical media attachment (PMA) connected to the at least one PMD, wherein the PMA provides a decoded digital electrical signal to a data link layer. 3-4. (canceled) 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller provides the control signal having a value determined based on at least one of a plurality of priorities associated with the plurality of O/E converters and the at least one LOS signal. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the controller receives a state selection signal that indicates the plurality of priorities associated with the plurality of O/E converters. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the analog switch comprises at least one amplifier to amplify the plurality of analog electric signals generated by the plurality of O/E converters. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of switch pathways corresponding to a plurality of optical input lanes of different wavelengths, polarizations, optical spatial modes, optical cores or optical fibers, each of the plurality of switch pathways comprising a plurality of O/E converters to couple to a corresponding plurality of optical fibers and an analog switch to receive a plurality of analog electric signals generated by the plurality of O/E converters and selectively provide one of the plurality of analog electric signals for conversion to a digital electrical signal. 9. A method, comprising:
generating, at a plurality of optical/electrical (O/E) converters, a plurality of analog electric signals in response to a plurality of optical signals received from a corresponding plurality of optical fibers; selecting, at an analog switch, one of the plurality of analog electric signals for conversion to a digital electrical signal; receiving, at the analog switch, a control signal that indicates the one of the plurality of analog electric signals; and asserting, by the analog switch, at least one loss-of-signal (LOS) signal in response to at least one of the plurality of analog electric signals having a value that is below a threshold value. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein selectively providing the one of the plurality of analog electric signals comprises selectively providing the one of the plurality of analog signals to at least one physical media dependent entity (PMD) and at least one physical media attachment (PMA) connected to the at least one PMD, wherein the PMA provides a digital electrical signal to a data link layer. 11-12. (canceled) 13. The method of claim 9, wherein receiving the control signal comprises receiving the control signal having a value determined based on at least one of a plurality of priorities associated with the plurality of O/E converters and the at least one LOS signal. 14. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
amplifying, at the analog switch, the plurality of analog electric signals generated by the plurality of O/E converters. 15. An apparatus, comprising:
a level-2 (L-2) switch, wherein the L-2 switch is configured to be coupled to a plurality of optical fibers by at least one optical receiver, wherein the at least one optical receiver comprises:
a plurality of optical/electrical (O/E) converters to couple to a corresponding plurality of optical fibers;
an analog switch to receive a plurality of analog electric signals generated by the plurality of O/E converters and selectively provide one of the plurality of analog electric signals for conversion to a digital electrical signal; and
a controller to provide a control signal to the analog switch, wherein the control signal indicates the one of the plurality of analog electric signals, wherein the analog switch asserts at least one loss-of-signal (LOS) signal to the controller in response to at least one of the plurality of analog electric signals having a value that is below a threshold value. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the L-2 switch is at least one of an aggregation switch and a distribution switch. 17. (canceled) 18. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the controller provides the control signal having a value determined based on at least one of a plurality of priorities associated with the plurality of O/E converters and the at least one LOS signal. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the controller receives a state selection signal that indicates the plurality of priorities associated with the plurality of O/E converters. 20. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the analog switch comprises at least one amplifier to amplify the plurality of analog electric signals generated by the plurality of O/E converters. 21. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is to provide a control signal that indicates a first one of the plurality of analog electric signals that has a value above the threshold value in response to determining that a second one of the plurality of analog electric signals has a value that is below the threshold value. 22. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is to provide a control signal that indicates a first one of the plurality of analog electric signals that has a value below the threshold value in response to determining that the first one and a second one of the plurality of analog electric signals have the values that are below the threshold value. 23. The method of claim 9, wherein receiving the control signal comprises receiving a control signal that indicates a first one of the plurality of analog electric signals that has a value above the threshold value in response to determining that a second one of the plurality of analog electric signals has a value that is below the threshold value. 24. The method of claim 9, wherein receiving the control signal comprises receiving a control signal that indicates a first one of the plurality of analog electric signals that has a value below the threshold value in response to determining that the first one and a second one of the plurality of analog electric signals have the values that are below the threshold value. 25. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the controller is to provide a control signal that indicates a first one of the plurality of analog electric signals that has a value above the threshold value in response to determining that a second one of the plurality of analog electric signals has a value that is below the threshold value, and wherein the controller is to provide a control signal that indicates a first one of the plurality of analog electric signals that has a value below the threshold value in response to determining that the first one and a second one of the plurality of analog electric signals have the values that are below the threshold value. | 2,600 |
9,579 | 9,579 | 14,106,582 | 2,612 | One embodiment of the present invention includes a parallel processing unit (PPU) that performs pixel shading at variable granularities. For effects that vary at a low frequency across a pixel block, a coarse shading unit performs the associated shading operations on a subset of the pixels in the pixel block. By contrast, for effects that vary at a high frequency across the pixel block, fine shading units perform the associated shading operations on each pixel in the pixel block. Because the PPU implements coarse shading units and fine shading units, the PPU may tune the shading rate per-effect based on the frequency of variation across each pixel group. By contrast, conventional PPUs typically compute all effects per-pixel, performing redundant shading operations for low frequency effects. Consequently, to produce similar image quality, the PPU consumes less power and increases the rendering frame rate compared to a conventional PPU. | 1. A computer-implemented method for adaptively selecting coarse shading pixels, the method comprising:
receiving a pixel block visibility mask corresponding to a pixel block that includes a set of pixels; selecting a plurality of coarse shading pixels associated with a subset of the set of pixels, wherein the plurality of coarse shading pixels includes a first pixel but does not include a second pixel; performing a first pixel shading operation on each of the coarse shading pixels to calculate first coarse shading results; and performing one or more interpolation operations on the first coarse shading results to calculate a second coarse shading result that is associated with the second pixel. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting the plurality of coarse shading pixels comprises identifying a pre-determined number of pixels such that errors attributable to performing extrapolation operations on the first coarse shading results are reduced. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting the plurality of coarse shading pixels comprises identifying a pre-determined number of pixels such that errors attributable to performing extrapolation operations on an attribute of a geometric primitive associated with the pixel block visibility mask are reduced. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the pixel block is associated with a plurality of quads, and selecting the plurality of coarse shading pixels comprises:
selecting a subset of quads included in the plurality of quads based on the pixel block visibility mask; computing a bounding geometry that includes the subset of quads; and selecting a subset of pixels that corresponds to the vertices of the bounding geometry. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein selecting the subset of quads comprises:
identifying one or more visible pixels included in the set of pixels based on the pixel block visibility mask; and for each of the one or more visible pixels:
identifying a visible quad included in the plurality of quads based on the location of the visible pixel, and adding the visible quad to the subset of quads. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the bounding geometry is a bounding rectangle. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the pixel block is associated with a plurality of quads, and selecting the plurality of coarse shading pixels comprises:
analyzing the pixel visibility mask to determine that only a first quad and a second quad included in the plurality of quads correspond to visible pixels; determining that the first quad and the second quad are both adjacent and vertically aligned; and selecting two pixels that are associated with the first quad and two pixels that are associated with the second quad. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the pixel block is associated with a plurality of quads, and selecting the plurality of coarse shading pixels comprises:
analyzing the pixel visibility mask to determine that only a first quad and a second quad included in the plurality of quads correspond to visible pixels; determining that the first quad and the second quad are both adjacent and horizontally aligned; and selecting two pixels that are associated with the first quad and two pixels that are associated with the second quad. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of pixels includes sixteen pixels, and the plurality of coarse shading pixels includes only four of the pixels in the set of pixels. 10. A computer-readable storage medium including instructions that, when executed by a processing unit, cause the processing unit to adaptively select coarse shading pixels by performing the steps of:
receiving a pixel block visibility mask corresponding to a pixel block that includes a set of pixels; selecting a plurality of coarse shading pixels associated with a subset of the set of pixels, wherein the plurality of coarse shading pixels includes a first pixel but does not include a second pixel; performing a first pixel shading operation on each of the coarse shading pixels to calculate first coarse shading results; and performing one or more interpolation operations on the first coarse shading results to calculate a second coarse shading result that is associated with the second pixel. 11. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein selecting the plurality of coarse shading pixels comprises identifying a pre-determined number of pixels such that errors attributable to performing extrapolation operations on the first coarse shading results are reduced. 12. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein selecting the plurality of coarse shading pixels comprises identifying a pre-determined number of pixels such that errors attributable to performing extrapolation operations on an attribute of a geometric primitive associated with the pixel block visibility mask are reduced. 13. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the pixel block is associated with a plurality of quads, and selecting the plurality of coarse shading pixels comprises:
selecting a subset of quads included in the plurality of quads based on the pixel block visibility mask; computing a bounding geometry that includes the subset of quads; and selecting a subset of pixels that corresponds to the vertices of the bounding geometry. 14. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein selecting the subset of quads comprises:
identifying one or more visible pixels included in the set of pixels based on the pixel block visibility mask; and for each of the one or more visible pixels:
identifying a visible quad included in the plurality of quads based on the location of the visible pixel, and adding the visible quad to the subset of quads. 15. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the bounding geometry is a bounding rectangle. 16. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the pixel block is associated with a plurality of quads, and selecting the plurality of coarse shading pixels comprises:
analyzing the pixel visibility mask to determine that only a first quad and a second quad included in the plurality of quads correspond to visible pixels; determining that the first quad and the second quad are both adjacent and vertically aligned; and selecting two pixels that are associated with the first quad and two pixels that are associated with the second quad. 17. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the pixel block is associated with a plurality of quads, and selecting the plurality of coarse shading pixels comprises:
analyzing the pixel visibility mask to determine that only a first quad and a second quad included in the plurality of quads correspond to visible pixels; determining that the first quad and the second quad are both adjacent and horizontally aligned; and selecting two pixels that are associated with the first quad and two pixels that are associated with the second quad. 18. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the set of pixels includes sixteen pixels, and the plurality of coarse shading pixels includes only four of the pixels in the set of pixels. 19. A system configured to perform pixel shading operations, the system comprising:
a pixel shading subsystem configured to:
receive a pixel block visibility mask corresponding to a pixel block that includes a set of pixels;
select a plurality of coarse shading pixels associated with a subset of the set of pixels, wherein the plurality of coarse shading pixels includes a first pixel but does not include a second pixel;
perform a first pixel shading operation on each of the coarse shading pixels to calculate first coarse shading results; and
perform one or more interpolation operations on the first coarse shading results to calculate a second coarse shading result that is associated with the second pixel. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein selecting the plurality of coarse shading pixels comprises identifying a pre-determined number of pixels such that errors attributable to performing extrapolation operations on the first coarse shading results are reduced. | One embodiment of the present invention includes a parallel processing unit (PPU) that performs pixel shading at variable granularities. For effects that vary at a low frequency across a pixel block, a coarse shading unit performs the associated shading operations on a subset of the pixels in the pixel block. By contrast, for effects that vary at a high frequency across the pixel block, fine shading units perform the associated shading operations on each pixel in the pixel block. Because the PPU implements coarse shading units and fine shading units, the PPU may tune the shading rate per-effect based on the frequency of variation across each pixel group. By contrast, conventional PPUs typically compute all effects per-pixel, performing redundant shading operations for low frequency effects. Consequently, to produce similar image quality, the PPU consumes less power and increases the rendering frame rate compared to a conventional PPU.1. A computer-implemented method for adaptively selecting coarse shading pixels, the method comprising:
receiving a pixel block visibility mask corresponding to a pixel block that includes a set of pixels; selecting a plurality of coarse shading pixels associated with a subset of the set of pixels, wherein the plurality of coarse shading pixels includes a first pixel but does not include a second pixel; performing a first pixel shading operation on each of the coarse shading pixels to calculate first coarse shading results; and performing one or more interpolation operations on the first coarse shading results to calculate a second coarse shading result that is associated with the second pixel. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting the plurality of coarse shading pixels comprises identifying a pre-determined number of pixels such that errors attributable to performing extrapolation operations on the first coarse shading results are reduced. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting the plurality of coarse shading pixels comprises identifying a pre-determined number of pixels such that errors attributable to performing extrapolation operations on an attribute of a geometric primitive associated with the pixel block visibility mask are reduced. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the pixel block is associated with a plurality of quads, and selecting the plurality of coarse shading pixels comprises:
selecting a subset of quads included in the plurality of quads based on the pixel block visibility mask; computing a bounding geometry that includes the subset of quads; and selecting a subset of pixels that corresponds to the vertices of the bounding geometry. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein selecting the subset of quads comprises:
identifying one or more visible pixels included in the set of pixels based on the pixel block visibility mask; and for each of the one or more visible pixels:
identifying a visible quad included in the plurality of quads based on the location of the visible pixel, and adding the visible quad to the subset of quads. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the bounding geometry is a bounding rectangle. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the pixel block is associated with a plurality of quads, and selecting the plurality of coarse shading pixels comprises:
analyzing the pixel visibility mask to determine that only a first quad and a second quad included in the plurality of quads correspond to visible pixels; determining that the first quad and the second quad are both adjacent and vertically aligned; and selecting two pixels that are associated with the first quad and two pixels that are associated with the second quad. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the pixel block is associated with a plurality of quads, and selecting the plurality of coarse shading pixels comprises:
analyzing the pixel visibility mask to determine that only a first quad and a second quad included in the plurality of quads correspond to visible pixels; determining that the first quad and the second quad are both adjacent and horizontally aligned; and selecting two pixels that are associated with the first quad and two pixels that are associated with the second quad. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of pixels includes sixteen pixels, and the plurality of coarse shading pixels includes only four of the pixels in the set of pixels. 10. A computer-readable storage medium including instructions that, when executed by a processing unit, cause the processing unit to adaptively select coarse shading pixels by performing the steps of:
receiving a pixel block visibility mask corresponding to a pixel block that includes a set of pixels; selecting a plurality of coarse shading pixels associated with a subset of the set of pixels, wherein the plurality of coarse shading pixels includes a first pixel but does not include a second pixel; performing a first pixel shading operation on each of the coarse shading pixels to calculate first coarse shading results; and performing one or more interpolation operations on the first coarse shading results to calculate a second coarse shading result that is associated with the second pixel. 11. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein selecting the plurality of coarse shading pixels comprises identifying a pre-determined number of pixels such that errors attributable to performing extrapolation operations on the first coarse shading results are reduced. 12. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein selecting the plurality of coarse shading pixels comprises identifying a pre-determined number of pixels such that errors attributable to performing extrapolation operations on an attribute of a geometric primitive associated with the pixel block visibility mask are reduced. 13. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the pixel block is associated with a plurality of quads, and selecting the plurality of coarse shading pixels comprises:
selecting a subset of quads included in the plurality of quads based on the pixel block visibility mask; computing a bounding geometry that includes the subset of quads; and selecting a subset of pixels that corresponds to the vertices of the bounding geometry. 14. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein selecting the subset of quads comprises:
identifying one or more visible pixels included in the set of pixels based on the pixel block visibility mask; and for each of the one or more visible pixels:
identifying a visible quad included in the plurality of quads based on the location of the visible pixel, and adding the visible quad to the subset of quads. 15. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the bounding geometry is a bounding rectangle. 16. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the pixel block is associated with a plurality of quads, and selecting the plurality of coarse shading pixels comprises:
analyzing the pixel visibility mask to determine that only a first quad and a second quad included in the plurality of quads correspond to visible pixels; determining that the first quad and the second quad are both adjacent and vertically aligned; and selecting two pixels that are associated with the first quad and two pixels that are associated with the second quad. 17. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the pixel block is associated with a plurality of quads, and selecting the plurality of coarse shading pixels comprises:
analyzing the pixel visibility mask to determine that only a first quad and a second quad included in the plurality of quads correspond to visible pixels; determining that the first quad and the second quad are both adjacent and horizontally aligned; and selecting two pixels that are associated with the first quad and two pixels that are associated with the second quad. 18. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the set of pixels includes sixteen pixels, and the plurality of coarse shading pixels includes only four of the pixels in the set of pixels. 19. A system configured to perform pixel shading operations, the system comprising:
a pixel shading subsystem configured to:
receive a pixel block visibility mask corresponding to a pixel block that includes a set of pixels;
select a plurality of coarse shading pixels associated with a subset of the set of pixels, wherein the plurality of coarse shading pixels includes a first pixel but does not include a second pixel;
perform a first pixel shading operation on each of the coarse shading pixels to calculate first coarse shading results; and
perform one or more interpolation operations on the first coarse shading results to calculate a second coarse shading result that is associated with the second pixel. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein selecting the plurality of coarse shading pixels comprises identifying a pre-determined number of pixels such that errors attributable to performing extrapolation operations on the first coarse shading results are reduced. | 2,600 |
9,580 | 9,580 | 13,892,693 | 2,674 | A method for outputting a print job includes accessing a file representing a previously created document at a client computer. The method includes accessing a catalog tree residing in the document and including metadata corresponding with a job ticket embedded in the file for rendering the document. The method includes splitting pages in the document into multiple chunks using a splitter located in the client computer. The method includes splitting by the splitter the catalog tree into a set of branches each corresponding with one of the chunks of the finished document. The method includes embedding corresponding branch information into the each chunk. The method includes generating a package of chunks. The method includes streaming the package to a digital front end (DFE) of an output device. | 1. A method for outputting a print job, the method comprising:
accessing at a client computer a file representing a previously created document; accessing a catalog tree residing in the document and including metadata corresponding with a job ticket embedded in the file for rendering the document; splitting pages in the document into multiple chunks using a splitter located in the client computer; splitting by the splitter the catalog tree into a set of branches each corresponding with one of the chunks of the finished document; embedding corresponding branch information into the each chunk; generating a file including the chunks; and, streaming the file as a package to a digital front end (DFE) of an output device. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
receiving predetermined parameters for performing the splitting; and,
splitting the document according to the predetermined parameters. 3. The method of claim 3, wherein a parameter is selected from a group consisting:
one of a minimum and maximum number of pages included in each chunk; one of a minimum and maximum amount of storage used by a chunk; and, a combination of the above. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the file includes:
page numbers corresponding to each page of the document that is included in each chunk; and, at least one set-boundary indicator indicating a boundary for each set of pages that are grouped together for a finishing operation. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the file is in Portable Document Format (PDF). 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the splitting of the pages in the finished document includes:
interleaving the pages in the finished document to form non-contiguous chunks. 7. A system for outputting a print job, the system comprising:
a client computer, the client computer including:
a splitter adapted to:
split into multiple chunks pages in a finished document after being formatted;
trim into a set of branches a catalog tree residing in the finished document and including metadata corresponding with a job ticket embedded in the file, each branch including the metadata required for corresponding pages in a chunk, and
a processor adapted to:
generate a package including the chunks,
embed corresponding branch information into the each chunk, and
stream the package to a digital front end (DFE). 8. The system of claim 7 further comprising an output device, the output device including the DFE for rendering the finished document. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the output device includes a print rendering device. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the output device includes a pre-processor adapted to:
in response to identifying a streamed file as including the package, deactivate a splitter located in the output device. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the output device includes:
a chunk handling module adapted to unpackage the chunks and assign the chunks between a series of raster image processors (RIPs). 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the output device includes at least two RIPs adapted to receive and process different chunks. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the output device includes:
a collector module adapted to analyze page information in the file to reassemble the pages of the document in correct order. 14. The system of claim 7, wherein the package includes:
page numbers corresponding to each page of the document that is included in the chunk; and, at least one set-boundary indicator indicating a boundary for each set of pages that are grouped together for a finishing operation. 15. The system of claim 7, wherein the document is in Portable Document Format (PDF). 16. The system of claim 7, wherein the splitter is adapted to:
interleave the pages in the finished document to form non-contiguous chunks. 17. A system for outputting a print job, the system comprising:
a client computer, the client computer including:
a splitter adapted to:
split into multiple chunks pages in a finished document after being formatted, and
trim into a set of branches a catalog tree residing in the finished document, and first processor adapted to:
stream the chunks and the file as a package to a digital front end; and, an output device, the output device including:
a pre-processor adapted to deactivate a splitter located in the output device in response to receiving the package,
a chunk handling module adapted to assign the chunks between a series of raster image processors (RIPs),
a file generation module adapted to generate reassembly commands for each chunk describing pages in the each chunk, and
a collector module adapted to reassemble the pages of the document in correct order, and
a processor adapted to execute the modules. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the reassembly commands include:
page numbers corresponding to each page of the document that is included in the chunk; and, at least one set-boundary indicator indicating a boundary for each set of pages that are grouped together for a finishing operation. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the splitter is adapted to interleave the pages in the finished document to form non-contiguous chunks and wherein the collector module is adapted to pull the pages from the queue by identifying from the file the begin-set numbers and the page numbers included in the chunks. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the output device includes one of a print rendering device and a display. | A method for outputting a print job includes accessing a file representing a previously created document at a client computer. The method includes accessing a catalog tree residing in the document and including metadata corresponding with a job ticket embedded in the file for rendering the document. The method includes splitting pages in the document into multiple chunks using a splitter located in the client computer. The method includes splitting by the splitter the catalog tree into a set of branches each corresponding with one of the chunks of the finished document. The method includes embedding corresponding branch information into the each chunk. The method includes generating a package of chunks. The method includes streaming the package to a digital front end (DFE) of an output device.1. A method for outputting a print job, the method comprising:
accessing at a client computer a file representing a previously created document; accessing a catalog tree residing in the document and including metadata corresponding with a job ticket embedded in the file for rendering the document; splitting pages in the document into multiple chunks using a splitter located in the client computer; splitting by the splitter the catalog tree into a set of branches each corresponding with one of the chunks of the finished document; embedding corresponding branch information into the each chunk; generating a file including the chunks; and, streaming the file as a package to a digital front end (DFE) of an output device. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
receiving predetermined parameters for performing the splitting; and,
splitting the document according to the predetermined parameters. 3. The method of claim 3, wherein a parameter is selected from a group consisting:
one of a minimum and maximum number of pages included in each chunk; one of a minimum and maximum amount of storage used by a chunk; and, a combination of the above. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the file includes:
page numbers corresponding to each page of the document that is included in each chunk; and, at least one set-boundary indicator indicating a boundary for each set of pages that are grouped together for a finishing operation. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the file is in Portable Document Format (PDF). 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the splitting of the pages in the finished document includes:
interleaving the pages in the finished document to form non-contiguous chunks. 7. A system for outputting a print job, the system comprising:
a client computer, the client computer including:
a splitter adapted to:
split into multiple chunks pages in a finished document after being formatted;
trim into a set of branches a catalog tree residing in the finished document and including metadata corresponding with a job ticket embedded in the file, each branch including the metadata required for corresponding pages in a chunk, and
a processor adapted to:
generate a package including the chunks,
embed corresponding branch information into the each chunk, and
stream the package to a digital front end (DFE). 8. The system of claim 7 further comprising an output device, the output device including the DFE for rendering the finished document. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the output device includes a print rendering device. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the output device includes a pre-processor adapted to:
in response to identifying a streamed file as including the package, deactivate a splitter located in the output device. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the output device includes:
a chunk handling module adapted to unpackage the chunks and assign the chunks between a series of raster image processors (RIPs). 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the output device includes at least two RIPs adapted to receive and process different chunks. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the output device includes:
a collector module adapted to analyze page information in the file to reassemble the pages of the document in correct order. 14. The system of claim 7, wherein the package includes:
page numbers corresponding to each page of the document that is included in the chunk; and, at least one set-boundary indicator indicating a boundary for each set of pages that are grouped together for a finishing operation. 15. The system of claim 7, wherein the document is in Portable Document Format (PDF). 16. The system of claim 7, wherein the splitter is adapted to:
interleave the pages in the finished document to form non-contiguous chunks. 17. A system for outputting a print job, the system comprising:
a client computer, the client computer including:
a splitter adapted to:
split into multiple chunks pages in a finished document after being formatted, and
trim into a set of branches a catalog tree residing in the finished document, and first processor adapted to:
stream the chunks and the file as a package to a digital front end; and, an output device, the output device including:
a pre-processor adapted to deactivate a splitter located in the output device in response to receiving the package,
a chunk handling module adapted to assign the chunks between a series of raster image processors (RIPs),
a file generation module adapted to generate reassembly commands for each chunk describing pages in the each chunk, and
a collector module adapted to reassemble the pages of the document in correct order, and
a processor adapted to execute the modules. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the reassembly commands include:
page numbers corresponding to each page of the document that is included in the chunk; and, at least one set-boundary indicator indicating a boundary for each set of pages that are grouped together for a finishing operation. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the splitter is adapted to interleave the pages in the finished document to form non-contiguous chunks and wherein the collector module is adapted to pull the pages from the queue by identifying from the file the begin-set numbers and the page numbers included in the chunks. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the output device includes one of a print rendering device and a display. | 2,600 |
9,581 | 9,581 | 15,482,886 | 2,625 | A light emitting device and an element substrate which are capable of suppressing variations in luminance intensity of a light emitting element among pixels due to characteristic variations of a driving transistor without suppressing off-current of a switching transistor low and increasing storage capacity of a capacitor. A gate potential of a driving transistor is connected to a first scan line or a second scan line, and the driving transistor operates in a saturation region. A current controlling transistor which operates in a linear region is connected in series to the driving transistor. A video signal which transmits a light emission or non-emission of a pixel is input to the gate of the current controlling transistor through a switching transistor. | 1. (canceled) 2. A light emitting device comprising:
a first transistor; a second transistor; a light emitting element; a power supply line; and a first circuit, wherein one of source and drain of the first transistor is electrically connected to the light emitting element, wherein another of source and drain of the first transistor is connected to one of source and drain of the second transistor, wherein another of source and drain of the second transistor is connected to the power supply line, wherein the first circuit is connected to a gate of the first transistor, wherein the first circuit is configured to control whether to turn on the first transistor, and wherein a semiconductor layer of the first transistor is curved so that a L/W (channel length/channel width) of the first transistor is larger than a L/W (channel length/channel width) of the second transistor. 3. The light emitting device according to claim 2, wherein the light emitting element is directly connected to the one of source and drain of the first transistor. 4. The light emitting device according to claim 2, wherein the first circuit is configured to control whether to turn off the first transistor. 5. The light emitting device according to claim 2, wherein the first circuit is provided in a scan driver circuit. 6. The light emitting device according to claim 2, wherein the light emitting device is incorporated in one selected from the group consisting of a display device, a mobile computer, a game machine, and a cellular phone. 7. A light emitting device comprising:
a first transistor; a second transistor; a light emitting element; a power supply line; and a first circuit, wherein one of source and drain of the first transistor is electrically connected to the light emitting element, wherein another of source and drain of the first transistor is connected to one of source and drain of the second transistor, wherein another of source and drain of the second transistor is connected to the power supply line, wherein the first circuit is connected to a gate of the first transistor, wherein the first circuit is configured to control whether to turn on the first transistor, wherein a semiconductor layer of the first transistor is curved so that a L/W (channel length/channel width) of the first transistor is larger than a L/W (channel length/channel width) of the second transistor, and wherein the second transistor is configured to be operated in a linear region. 8. The light emitting device according to claim 7, wherein the light emitting element is directly connected to the one of source and drain of the first transistor. 9. The light emitting device according to claim 7, wherein the first circuit is configured to control whether to turn off the first transistor. 10. The light emitting device according to claim 7, wherein the first circuit is provided in a scan driver circuit. 11. The light emitting device according to claim 7, wherein the light emitting device is incorporated in one selected from the group consisting of a display device, a mobile computer, a game machine, and a cellular phone. | A light emitting device and an element substrate which are capable of suppressing variations in luminance intensity of a light emitting element among pixels due to characteristic variations of a driving transistor without suppressing off-current of a switching transistor low and increasing storage capacity of a capacitor. A gate potential of a driving transistor is connected to a first scan line or a second scan line, and the driving transistor operates in a saturation region. A current controlling transistor which operates in a linear region is connected in series to the driving transistor. A video signal which transmits a light emission or non-emission of a pixel is input to the gate of the current controlling transistor through a switching transistor.1. (canceled) 2. A light emitting device comprising:
a first transistor; a second transistor; a light emitting element; a power supply line; and a first circuit, wherein one of source and drain of the first transistor is electrically connected to the light emitting element, wherein another of source and drain of the first transistor is connected to one of source and drain of the second transistor, wherein another of source and drain of the second transistor is connected to the power supply line, wherein the first circuit is connected to a gate of the first transistor, wherein the first circuit is configured to control whether to turn on the first transistor, and wherein a semiconductor layer of the first transistor is curved so that a L/W (channel length/channel width) of the first transistor is larger than a L/W (channel length/channel width) of the second transistor. 3. The light emitting device according to claim 2, wherein the light emitting element is directly connected to the one of source and drain of the first transistor. 4. The light emitting device according to claim 2, wherein the first circuit is configured to control whether to turn off the first transistor. 5. The light emitting device according to claim 2, wherein the first circuit is provided in a scan driver circuit. 6. The light emitting device according to claim 2, wherein the light emitting device is incorporated in one selected from the group consisting of a display device, a mobile computer, a game machine, and a cellular phone. 7. A light emitting device comprising:
a first transistor; a second transistor; a light emitting element; a power supply line; and a first circuit, wherein one of source and drain of the first transistor is electrically connected to the light emitting element, wherein another of source and drain of the first transistor is connected to one of source and drain of the second transistor, wherein another of source and drain of the second transistor is connected to the power supply line, wherein the first circuit is connected to a gate of the first transistor, wherein the first circuit is configured to control whether to turn on the first transistor, wherein a semiconductor layer of the first transistor is curved so that a L/W (channel length/channel width) of the first transistor is larger than a L/W (channel length/channel width) of the second transistor, and wherein the second transistor is configured to be operated in a linear region. 8. The light emitting device according to claim 7, wherein the light emitting element is directly connected to the one of source and drain of the first transistor. 9. The light emitting device according to claim 7, wherein the first circuit is configured to control whether to turn off the first transistor. 10. The light emitting device according to claim 7, wherein the first circuit is provided in a scan driver circuit. 11. The light emitting device according to claim 7, wherein the light emitting device is incorporated in one selected from the group consisting of a display device, a mobile computer, a game machine, and a cellular phone. | 2,600 |
9,582 | 9,582 | 14,059,306 | 2,658 | A method and system is disclosed for evaluating a chat message sent between users of an online environment. The method may include receiving a chat message and parsing the message into words. The method determines the acceptability of the message by matching the message to a plurality of acceptable messages stored in a data structure. Upon determining the message does not match any acceptable messages, the method replaces each word in the message with grammatical metadata. The method may use templates to determine if the message has acceptable word combinations based on the metadata. The method may also compare the metadata to rules wherein the rules determine if the message has unacceptable word combinations based on the metadata. The method may send the message to a user upon determining words in the message do not match any word in a list of unacceptable words. | 1. A computer-implemented method for evaluating a chat message sent between users of an online environment, comprising:
traversing a prefix trie by matching each successive term in the chat message to a linked node in the prefix trie, wherein linked nodes in the prefix trie form traversable paths; upon matching each term in the chat message to nodes in the prefix trie, thereby identifying a traversable path in the prefix trie corresponding to the chat message, transmitting the chat message to a message recipient; upon determining the chat message does not correspond to at least one traversable path in the prefix trie, identifying one or more templates, wherein each template specifies a pattern for an allowed chat message based on metadata specifying word type and word usage; and upon matching the chat message to the pattern for at least one of the templates, determining the chat message is valid. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
upon determining the chat message does not match the pattern for at least one of the templates, preventing the chat message from being sent to the message recipient. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein an equivalence node links two nodes in the traversable path, and wherein the equivalence node provides an optional path between the two nodes for traversing the prefix trie. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the one or more templates comprises:
identifying a binary bitmap for each term in the chat message, wherein bits set to one correspond to templates which include the pattern for the term in the chat message and bits set to zero correspond to templates which do not include the pattern for the term in the chat message: performing a logical AND operation on the identified binary bitmaps to obtain a resultant bitmap; and upon determining at least one bit in the resultant bitmap is set to one, then determining the chat message is valid. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein traversing the prefix trie comprises:
matching a first term in the chat message to a root node in the prefix trie; and matching the successive term in the chat message to a child node of the root node. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
traversing the prefix trie while a sender composes the chat message, term-by term; and presenting, for a current node of the prefix trie, terms associated with one or more linked nodes of the current node as suggestions for a next term in the chat message. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the metadata further includes links to a rule, describing prohibited combinations of terms in the chat message. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
identifying the rule based on a first term of the chat message, wherein the first term is in a first set of terms associated with the rule; determining whether a second term in the chat message is present in a second set of terms in the rule; and upon determining the second term is not present in the second set of terms in the rule, locating a second rule based on the second term of the chat message wherein the second term is present in a first set of terms of the second rule. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
upon determining a third term in the chat message is not present in a second set of terms of the second rule, determining the chat message is valid. 10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a program, which, when executed by a processor performs an operation for evaluating a chat message sent between users of an online environment, the operation comprising:
traversing a prefix trie by matching each successive term in the chat message to a linked node in the prefix trie, wherein linked nodes in the prefix trie form traversable paths; upon matching each term in the chat message to nodes in the prefix trie, thereby identifying a traversable path in the prefix trie corresponding to the chat message, transmitting the chat message to a message recipient; upon determining the chat message does not correspond to at least one traversable path in the prefix trie, identifying one or more templates, wherein each template specifies a pattern for an allowed chat message based on metadata specifying word type and word usage; and upon matching the chat message to the pattern for at least one of the templates, determining the chat message is valid. 11. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, the operation further comprising:
upon determining the chat message does not match the pattern for at least one of the templates, preventing the chat message from being sent to the message recipient. 12. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein an equivalence node links two nodes in the traversable path, and wherein the equivalence node provides an optional path between the two nodes. 13. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein identifying the one or more templates comprises:
identifying a binary bitmap for each term in the chat message, wherein bits set to one correspond to templates which include the pattern for the term in the chat message and bits set to zero correspond to templates which do not include the pattern for the term in the chat message: performing a logical AND operation on the identified binary bitmaps to obtain a resultant bitmap; and upon determining at least one bit in the resultant bitmap is set to one, then determining the chat message is valid. 14. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein traversing the prefix trie, comprises:
matching a first term in the chat message to a root node in the prefix trie; and matching the successive term in the chat message to a child node of the root node. 15. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein traversing the prefix trie further comprises:
traversing the prefix trie while a sender composes the chat message, term-by term; and presenting, for a current node of the prefix trie, terms associated with one or more linked nodes of the current node as suggestions for a next term in the chat message. 16. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the metadata further includes links to a rule, describing prohibited combinations of terms in the chat message. 17. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, the operation further comprising:
identifying the rule based on a first term of the chat message, wherein the first term is in a first set of terms associated with the rule; determining whether a second term in the chat message is present in a second set of terms in the rule; and upon determining the second term is not present in the second set of terms in the rule, locating a second rule based on the second term of the chat message wherein the second term is present in a first set of terms of the second rule. 18. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, the operation further comprising:
upon determining a third term in the chat message is not present in a second set of terms of the second rule, determining the chat message is valid. 19. A system, comprising:
a processor; and a memory, wherein the memory includes an application program configured to perform an operation for evaluating a chat message sent between users of an online environment, comprising: traversing a prefix trie by matching each successive term in the chat message to a linked node in the prefix trie, wherein linked nodes in the prefix trie form traversable paths; upon matching each term in the chat message to nodes in the prefix trie, thereby identifying a traversable path in the prefix trie corresponding to the chat message, transmitting the chat message to a message recipient; upon determining the chat message does not correspond to at least one traversable path in the prefix trie, identifying one or more templates, wherein each template specifies a pattern for an allowed chat message based on metadata specifying word type and word usage; and upon matching the chat message to the pattern for at least one of the templates, determining the chat message is valid. 20. The system of claim 19, the operation further comprising:
upon determining the chat message does not match the pattern for at least one of the templates, preventing the chat message from being sent to the message recipient. 21. The system of claim 19, wherein an equivalence node links two nodes in the traversable path, and wherein the equivalence node provides an optional path between the two nodes. 22. The system of claim 19, wherein identifying the one or more templates comprises:
identifying a binary bitmap for each term in the chat message, wherein bits set to one correspond to templates which include the pattern for the term in the chat message and bits set to zero correspond to templates which do not include the pattern for the term in the chat message: performing a logical AND operation on the identified binary bitmaps to obtain a resultant bitmap; and upon determining at least one bit in the resultant bitmap is set to one, then determining the chat message is valid. 23. The system of claim 19, wherein traversing the prefix trie, comprises:
matching a first term in the chat message to a root node in the prefix trie; and matching the successive term in the chat message to a child node of the root node. 24. The system of claim 23, wherein traversing the prefix trie further comprises:
traversing the prefix trie while a sender composes the chat message, term-by term; and presenting, for a current node of the prefix trie, terms associated with one or more linked nodes of the current node as suggestions for a next term in the chat message. 25. The system of claim 19, wherein the metadata further includes links to a rule, describing prohibited combinations of terms in the chat message. 26. The system of claim 25, the operation further comprising:
identifying the rule based on a first term of the chat message, wherein the first term is in a first set of terms associated with the rule; determining whether a second term in the chat message is present in a second set of terms in the rule; and upon determining the second term is not present in the second set of terms in the rule, locating a second rule based on the second term of the chat message wherein the second term is present in a first set of terms of the second rule. 27. The system of claim 26, the operation further comprising:
upon determining a third term in the chat message is not present in a second set of terms of the second rule, determining the chat message is valid. | A method and system is disclosed for evaluating a chat message sent between users of an online environment. The method may include receiving a chat message and parsing the message into words. The method determines the acceptability of the message by matching the message to a plurality of acceptable messages stored in a data structure. Upon determining the message does not match any acceptable messages, the method replaces each word in the message with grammatical metadata. The method may use templates to determine if the message has acceptable word combinations based on the metadata. The method may also compare the metadata to rules wherein the rules determine if the message has unacceptable word combinations based on the metadata. The method may send the message to a user upon determining words in the message do not match any word in a list of unacceptable words.1. A computer-implemented method for evaluating a chat message sent between users of an online environment, comprising:
traversing a prefix trie by matching each successive term in the chat message to a linked node in the prefix trie, wherein linked nodes in the prefix trie form traversable paths; upon matching each term in the chat message to nodes in the prefix trie, thereby identifying a traversable path in the prefix trie corresponding to the chat message, transmitting the chat message to a message recipient; upon determining the chat message does not correspond to at least one traversable path in the prefix trie, identifying one or more templates, wherein each template specifies a pattern for an allowed chat message based on metadata specifying word type and word usage; and upon matching the chat message to the pattern for at least one of the templates, determining the chat message is valid. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
upon determining the chat message does not match the pattern for at least one of the templates, preventing the chat message from being sent to the message recipient. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein an equivalence node links two nodes in the traversable path, and wherein the equivalence node provides an optional path between the two nodes for traversing the prefix trie. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the one or more templates comprises:
identifying a binary bitmap for each term in the chat message, wherein bits set to one correspond to templates which include the pattern for the term in the chat message and bits set to zero correspond to templates which do not include the pattern for the term in the chat message: performing a logical AND operation on the identified binary bitmaps to obtain a resultant bitmap; and upon determining at least one bit in the resultant bitmap is set to one, then determining the chat message is valid. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein traversing the prefix trie comprises:
matching a first term in the chat message to a root node in the prefix trie; and matching the successive term in the chat message to a child node of the root node. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
traversing the prefix trie while a sender composes the chat message, term-by term; and presenting, for a current node of the prefix trie, terms associated with one or more linked nodes of the current node as suggestions for a next term in the chat message. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the metadata further includes links to a rule, describing prohibited combinations of terms in the chat message. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
identifying the rule based on a first term of the chat message, wherein the first term is in a first set of terms associated with the rule; determining whether a second term in the chat message is present in a second set of terms in the rule; and upon determining the second term is not present in the second set of terms in the rule, locating a second rule based on the second term of the chat message wherein the second term is present in a first set of terms of the second rule. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
upon determining a third term in the chat message is not present in a second set of terms of the second rule, determining the chat message is valid. 10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a program, which, when executed by a processor performs an operation for evaluating a chat message sent between users of an online environment, the operation comprising:
traversing a prefix trie by matching each successive term in the chat message to a linked node in the prefix trie, wherein linked nodes in the prefix trie form traversable paths; upon matching each term in the chat message to nodes in the prefix trie, thereby identifying a traversable path in the prefix trie corresponding to the chat message, transmitting the chat message to a message recipient; upon determining the chat message does not correspond to at least one traversable path in the prefix trie, identifying one or more templates, wherein each template specifies a pattern for an allowed chat message based on metadata specifying word type and word usage; and upon matching the chat message to the pattern for at least one of the templates, determining the chat message is valid. 11. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, the operation further comprising:
upon determining the chat message does not match the pattern for at least one of the templates, preventing the chat message from being sent to the message recipient. 12. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein an equivalence node links two nodes in the traversable path, and wherein the equivalence node provides an optional path between the two nodes. 13. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein identifying the one or more templates comprises:
identifying a binary bitmap for each term in the chat message, wherein bits set to one correspond to templates which include the pattern for the term in the chat message and bits set to zero correspond to templates which do not include the pattern for the term in the chat message: performing a logical AND operation on the identified binary bitmaps to obtain a resultant bitmap; and upon determining at least one bit in the resultant bitmap is set to one, then determining the chat message is valid. 14. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein traversing the prefix trie, comprises:
matching a first term in the chat message to a root node in the prefix trie; and matching the successive term in the chat message to a child node of the root node. 15. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein traversing the prefix trie further comprises:
traversing the prefix trie while a sender composes the chat message, term-by term; and presenting, for a current node of the prefix trie, terms associated with one or more linked nodes of the current node as suggestions for a next term in the chat message. 16. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the metadata further includes links to a rule, describing prohibited combinations of terms in the chat message. 17. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, the operation further comprising:
identifying the rule based on a first term of the chat message, wherein the first term is in a first set of terms associated with the rule; determining whether a second term in the chat message is present in a second set of terms in the rule; and upon determining the second term is not present in the second set of terms in the rule, locating a second rule based on the second term of the chat message wherein the second term is present in a first set of terms of the second rule. 18. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, the operation further comprising:
upon determining a third term in the chat message is not present in a second set of terms of the second rule, determining the chat message is valid. 19. A system, comprising:
a processor; and a memory, wherein the memory includes an application program configured to perform an operation for evaluating a chat message sent between users of an online environment, comprising: traversing a prefix trie by matching each successive term in the chat message to a linked node in the prefix trie, wherein linked nodes in the prefix trie form traversable paths; upon matching each term in the chat message to nodes in the prefix trie, thereby identifying a traversable path in the prefix trie corresponding to the chat message, transmitting the chat message to a message recipient; upon determining the chat message does not correspond to at least one traversable path in the prefix trie, identifying one or more templates, wherein each template specifies a pattern for an allowed chat message based on metadata specifying word type and word usage; and upon matching the chat message to the pattern for at least one of the templates, determining the chat message is valid. 20. The system of claim 19, the operation further comprising:
upon determining the chat message does not match the pattern for at least one of the templates, preventing the chat message from being sent to the message recipient. 21. The system of claim 19, wherein an equivalence node links two nodes in the traversable path, and wherein the equivalence node provides an optional path between the two nodes. 22. The system of claim 19, wherein identifying the one or more templates comprises:
identifying a binary bitmap for each term in the chat message, wherein bits set to one correspond to templates which include the pattern for the term in the chat message and bits set to zero correspond to templates which do not include the pattern for the term in the chat message: performing a logical AND operation on the identified binary bitmaps to obtain a resultant bitmap; and upon determining at least one bit in the resultant bitmap is set to one, then determining the chat message is valid. 23. The system of claim 19, wherein traversing the prefix trie, comprises:
matching a first term in the chat message to a root node in the prefix trie; and matching the successive term in the chat message to a child node of the root node. 24. The system of claim 23, wherein traversing the prefix trie further comprises:
traversing the prefix trie while a sender composes the chat message, term-by term; and presenting, for a current node of the prefix trie, terms associated with one or more linked nodes of the current node as suggestions for a next term in the chat message. 25. The system of claim 19, wherein the metadata further includes links to a rule, describing prohibited combinations of terms in the chat message. 26. The system of claim 25, the operation further comprising:
identifying the rule based on a first term of the chat message, wherein the first term is in a first set of terms associated with the rule; determining whether a second term in the chat message is present in a second set of terms in the rule; and upon determining the second term is not present in the second set of terms in the rule, locating a second rule based on the second term of the chat message wherein the second term is present in a first set of terms of the second rule. 27. The system of claim 26, the operation further comprising:
upon determining a third term in the chat message is not present in a second set of terms of the second rule, determining the chat message is valid. | 2,600 |
9,583 | 9,583 | 14,577,365 | 2,665 | An antenna device for an electronic device for wireless communication is provided. The antenna device includes an antenna area connected to a feeding line and a ground line, such that the antenna area is configured to transmit/receive a signal of a first frequency band; and a branching feeding pattern branching from the feeding line and connected to one side of the antenna area, such that the branching feeding pattern is configured to enable the antenna area to transmit/receive a signal of a second frequency band. | 1. An antenna device for an electronic device for wireless communication, comprising:
an antenna area connected to a feeding line and a ground line, wherein the antenna area is configured to transmit/receive a signal of a first frequency band; and a branching feeding pattern branching from the feeding line and connected to one side of the antenna area, wherein the branching feeding pattern is configured to enable the antenna area to transmit/receive a signal of a second frequency band. 2. The antenna device according to claim 1, further comprising a radiator extended from the branching feeding pattern. 3. The antenna device according to claim 2, wherein the antenna area is formed on a circuit board, and the radiator is formed on a dielectric area formed by fill-cutting the circuit board. 4. The antenna device according to claim 2, wherein the branching feeding pattern is connected to the radiator via a switching structure. 5. The antenna device according to claim 4, wherein the radiator is coupled to the antenna area and configured to form a floating dummy pattern. 6. The antenna device according to claim 2, wherein the radiator receives a frequency band of a Long Term Evolution (LTE) band 40. 7. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the antenna area includes a metallic component arranged on the antenna area, wherein the metallic component is configured to form a radiator. 8. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of the antenna area is formed on a circuit board. 9. The antenna device according to claim 1, further comprising a radiator connected to the antenna area by a C-clip. 10. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the first frequency band includes Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) band 1, and the second frequency band includes at least one of Long Term Evolution (LTE) bands 7, 33 and 40. 11. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the branching feeding pattern is connected to a ground. 12. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the first frequency band is a dual band. 13. The antenna device according to claim 1, further comprising at least one additional feeding pattern branching from the branching feeding pattern. 14. The antenna device according to claim 1, further comprising at least one radiator branching from the feeding line or the branching feeding pattern. 15. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the electronic device for wireless communication is a mobile terminal. 16. An electronic device for wireless communication, comprising:
a processor; and a communication module comprising an antenna device, wherein the antenna device comprises an antenna area configured to transmit/receive a signal of a first frequency band and a radiator configured to transmit/receive a signal of a second frequency band, wherein the processor is configured to control the communication module to transmit/receive at least one of the signal of the first frequency band and the signal of the second frequency band. 17. The electronic device according to claim 16, wherein the radiator is connected to the antenna area via a feeding switch structure, wherein the processor is further configured to selectively feed the feeding switch structure to determine whether to enable the radiator. 18. The electronic device according to claim 16, wherein the radiator is connected to the antenna area via a feeding switch structure, wherein the processor is further configured to control the communication module to feed the feeding switch structure on the basis of a predetermined set value of the electronic device or location information of the electronic device. 19. The electronic device according to claim 16, wherein the antenna area includes at least two feeding patterns configured to feed from different locations in the antenna area. 20. An antenna device for an electronic device for wireless communication, comprising:
an antenna area connected to a feeding line and a ground line, wherein the antenna area is configured to transmit/receive a signal of a first frequency band; and a radiator connected to the antenna area via a feeding switch structure, wherein the radiator is configured to transmit/receive a signal of a second frequency band. | An antenna device for an electronic device for wireless communication is provided. The antenna device includes an antenna area connected to a feeding line and a ground line, such that the antenna area is configured to transmit/receive a signal of a first frequency band; and a branching feeding pattern branching from the feeding line and connected to one side of the antenna area, such that the branching feeding pattern is configured to enable the antenna area to transmit/receive a signal of a second frequency band.1. An antenna device for an electronic device for wireless communication, comprising:
an antenna area connected to a feeding line and a ground line, wherein the antenna area is configured to transmit/receive a signal of a first frequency band; and a branching feeding pattern branching from the feeding line and connected to one side of the antenna area, wherein the branching feeding pattern is configured to enable the antenna area to transmit/receive a signal of a second frequency band. 2. The antenna device according to claim 1, further comprising a radiator extended from the branching feeding pattern. 3. The antenna device according to claim 2, wherein the antenna area is formed on a circuit board, and the radiator is formed on a dielectric area formed by fill-cutting the circuit board. 4. The antenna device according to claim 2, wherein the branching feeding pattern is connected to the radiator via a switching structure. 5. The antenna device according to claim 4, wherein the radiator is coupled to the antenna area and configured to form a floating dummy pattern. 6. The antenna device according to claim 2, wherein the radiator receives a frequency band of a Long Term Evolution (LTE) band 40. 7. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the antenna area includes a metallic component arranged on the antenna area, wherein the metallic component is configured to form a radiator. 8. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of the antenna area is formed on a circuit board. 9. The antenna device according to claim 1, further comprising a radiator connected to the antenna area by a C-clip. 10. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the first frequency band includes Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) band 1, and the second frequency band includes at least one of Long Term Evolution (LTE) bands 7, 33 and 40. 11. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the branching feeding pattern is connected to a ground. 12. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the first frequency band is a dual band. 13. The antenna device according to claim 1, further comprising at least one additional feeding pattern branching from the branching feeding pattern. 14. The antenna device according to claim 1, further comprising at least one radiator branching from the feeding line or the branching feeding pattern. 15. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the electronic device for wireless communication is a mobile terminal. 16. An electronic device for wireless communication, comprising:
a processor; and a communication module comprising an antenna device, wherein the antenna device comprises an antenna area configured to transmit/receive a signal of a first frequency band and a radiator configured to transmit/receive a signal of a second frequency band, wherein the processor is configured to control the communication module to transmit/receive at least one of the signal of the first frequency band and the signal of the second frequency band. 17. The electronic device according to claim 16, wherein the radiator is connected to the antenna area via a feeding switch structure, wherein the processor is further configured to selectively feed the feeding switch structure to determine whether to enable the radiator. 18. The electronic device according to claim 16, wherein the radiator is connected to the antenna area via a feeding switch structure, wherein the processor is further configured to control the communication module to feed the feeding switch structure on the basis of a predetermined set value of the electronic device or location information of the electronic device. 19. The electronic device according to claim 16, wherein the antenna area includes at least two feeding patterns configured to feed from different locations in the antenna area. 20. An antenna device for an electronic device for wireless communication, comprising:
an antenna area connected to a feeding line and a ground line, wherein the antenna area is configured to transmit/receive a signal of a first frequency band; and a radiator connected to the antenna area via a feeding switch structure, wherein the radiator is configured to transmit/receive a signal of a second frequency band. | 2,600 |
9,584 | 9,584 | 14,274,909 | 2,621 | Systems and methods are described for a graphical vehicle cluster display that conveys vehicle acceleration information. A controller is configured to receive a signal indicative of vehicle acceleration. A substantially circular icon is displayed on the screen when the signal indicates that the acceleration is approximately zero in a forward direction. A stretched elliptic icon is display on the screen when the acceleration of the vehicle in a forward direction is greater than zero. A compressed elliptic icon is displayed on the screen when the acceleration of the vehicle in the forward direction is less than zero. | 1. A graphical display unit for a vehicle, the graphical display unit including a screen and a controller configured to:
receive a signal indicative of vehicle acceleration; display a substantially circular icon on the screen when the signal indicative of the vehicle acceleration indicates an acceleration of approximately zero in a forward direction; display a stretched elliptic icon on the screen when the signal indicative of the vehicle acceleration indicates an acceleration greater than zero in a forward direction; and display a compressed elliptic icon on the screen when the signal indicative of the vehicle acceleration indicates an acceleration less than zero in a forward direction. 2. The graphical display unit of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to display the stretched elliptic icon by displaying a deformed circular icon that is stretched along a primary axis. 3. The graphical display unit of claim 2, wherein the controller is configured to display the compressed elliptic icon by displaying a deformed circular icon that is compressed along the primary axis. 4. The graphical display unit of claim 2, wherein the primary axis is positioned vertically on the display when a lateral acceleration of the vehicle is approximately zero, and wherein the primary axis is positioned on the display at a defined angle relative to vertical when the lateral acceleration is greater than or less than zero. 5. The graphical display unit of claim 4, wherein the defined angle of the primary axis relative to vertical is determined based on a magnitude and direction of the lateral acceleration of the vehicle. 6. The graphical display unit of claim 1, wherein a diameter of the substantially circular icon is defined based on a current engine speed of the vehicle. 7. The graphical display unit of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to
determine whether the vehicle is operating in a recommended gear, and modify the color of the substantially circular icon when it is determined that the vehicle is operating in a gear other than the recommended gear. 8. The graphical display unit of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to
determine whether the vehicle is operating in a recommended gear in a manual transmission system, display a first color on the substantially circular icon when it is determined that the vehicle is operating in the recommended gear, display a second color on the substantially circular icon when it is determined that the vehicle is operating in a gear higher than the recommended gear, and display a third color on the substantially circular icon when it is determined that the vehicle is operating in a gear lower than the recommended gear. 9. The graphical display unit of claim 8, wherein the first color is blue, the second color is green, and the third color is red. 10. The graphical display unit of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to display a numeric value indicative of engine speed on the substantially circular icon. 11. A graphical display unit for a vehicle, the graphical display unit including a screen and a controller configured to:
display an acceleration map on the screen; receive a first signal indicative of a current linear acceleration and a current lateral acceleration; display a first icon on the acceleration map at a first location having a horizontal position indicative of the current lateral acceleration of the vehicle and a vertical position indicative of the current linear acceleration of the vehicle; receive a second signal indicative of a subsequent linear acceleration and a subsequent lateral acceleration; display the first icon on the acceleration map at a second location having a horizontal position indicative of the subsequent lateral acceleration of the vehicle and a vertical position indicative of the subsequent linear acceleration of the vehicle; determine whether the second location is further from a center point of the acceleration map than the first location; and when the first location is further from the center point of the acceleration map than the second location, display a second icon on the acceleration map at the first location. 12. The graphical display unit of claim 11, wherein the controller if further configured to:
repeatedly adjust a location of the first icon based on a linear acceleration of the vehicle and a lateral acceleration of the vehicle; and adjust a location of the second icon only when a location of the first icon is further from the center point of the acceleration map than the current location of the second icon. 13. The graphical display unit of claim 11, wherein the controller is further configured to:
determine a maximum observed acceleration; display the second icon at a location having a horizontal position indicative of the lateral acceleration component of the maximum observed acceleration and a vertical position indicative of the linear acceleration component of the maximum observed acceleration. 14. The graphical display unit of claim 13, wherein the controller is further configured to:
display on the screen a first numeric value indicative of the lateral acceleration component of the maximum observed acceleration; and display on the screen a second numeric value indicative of the linear component of the maximum observed acceleration. 15. The graphical display unit of claim 11, wherein the controller is further configured to
display four icons on the screen positioned proximate to the acceleration map; and adjust a color of one or more of the four icons to indicate wheels of the vehicle that are currently subjected to a greater force due to an acceleration of the vehicle. | Systems and methods are described for a graphical vehicle cluster display that conveys vehicle acceleration information. A controller is configured to receive a signal indicative of vehicle acceleration. A substantially circular icon is displayed on the screen when the signal indicates that the acceleration is approximately zero in a forward direction. A stretched elliptic icon is display on the screen when the acceleration of the vehicle in a forward direction is greater than zero. A compressed elliptic icon is displayed on the screen when the acceleration of the vehicle in the forward direction is less than zero.1. A graphical display unit for a vehicle, the graphical display unit including a screen and a controller configured to:
receive a signal indicative of vehicle acceleration; display a substantially circular icon on the screen when the signal indicative of the vehicle acceleration indicates an acceleration of approximately zero in a forward direction; display a stretched elliptic icon on the screen when the signal indicative of the vehicle acceleration indicates an acceleration greater than zero in a forward direction; and display a compressed elliptic icon on the screen when the signal indicative of the vehicle acceleration indicates an acceleration less than zero in a forward direction. 2. The graphical display unit of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to display the stretched elliptic icon by displaying a deformed circular icon that is stretched along a primary axis. 3. The graphical display unit of claim 2, wherein the controller is configured to display the compressed elliptic icon by displaying a deformed circular icon that is compressed along the primary axis. 4. The graphical display unit of claim 2, wherein the primary axis is positioned vertically on the display when a lateral acceleration of the vehicle is approximately zero, and wherein the primary axis is positioned on the display at a defined angle relative to vertical when the lateral acceleration is greater than or less than zero. 5. The graphical display unit of claim 4, wherein the defined angle of the primary axis relative to vertical is determined based on a magnitude and direction of the lateral acceleration of the vehicle. 6. The graphical display unit of claim 1, wherein a diameter of the substantially circular icon is defined based on a current engine speed of the vehicle. 7. The graphical display unit of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to
determine whether the vehicle is operating in a recommended gear, and modify the color of the substantially circular icon when it is determined that the vehicle is operating in a gear other than the recommended gear. 8. The graphical display unit of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to
determine whether the vehicle is operating in a recommended gear in a manual transmission system, display a first color on the substantially circular icon when it is determined that the vehicle is operating in the recommended gear, display a second color on the substantially circular icon when it is determined that the vehicle is operating in a gear higher than the recommended gear, and display a third color on the substantially circular icon when it is determined that the vehicle is operating in a gear lower than the recommended gear. 9. The graphical display unit of claim 8, wherein the first color is blue, the second color is green, and the third color is red. 10. The graphical display unit of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to display a numeric value indicative of engine speed on the substantially circular icon. 11. A graphical display unit for a vehicle, the graphical display unit including a screen and a controller configured to:
display an acceleration map on the screen; receive a first signal indicative of a current linear acceleration and a current lateral acceleration; display a first icon on the acceleration map at a first location having a horizontal position indicative of the current lateral acceleration of the vehicle and a vertical position indicative of the current linear acceleration of the vehicle; receive a second signal indicative of a subsequent linear acceleration and a subsequent lateral acceleration; display the first icon on the acceleration map at a second location having a horizontal position indicative of the subsequent lateral acceleration of the vehicle and a vertical position indicative of the subsequent linear acceleration of the vehicle; determine whether the second location is further from a center point of the acceleration map than the first location; and when the first location is further from the center point of the acceleration map than the second location, display a second icon on the acceleration map at the first location. 12. The graphical display unit of claim 11, wherein the controller if further configured to:
repeatedly adjust a location of the first icon based on a linear acceleration of the vehicle and a lateral acceleration of the vehicle; and adjust a location of the second icon only when a location of the first icon is further from the center point of the acceleration map than the current location of the second icon. 13. The graphical display unit of claim 11, wherein the controller is further configured to:
determine a maximum observed acceleration; display the second icon at a location having a horizontal position indicative of the lateral acceleration component of the maximum observed acceleration and a vertical position indicative of the linear acceleration component of the maximum observed acceleration. 14. The graphical display unit of claim 13, wherein the controller is further configured to:
display on the screen a first numeric value indicative of the lateral acceleration component of the maximum observed acceleration; and display on the screen a second numeric value indicative of the linear component of the maximum observed acceleration. 15. The graphical display unit of claim 11, wherein the controller is further configured to
display four icons on the screen positioned proximate to the acceleration map; and adjust a color of one or more of the four icons to indicate wheels of the vehicle that are currently subjected to a greater force due to an acceleration of the vehicle. | 2,600 |
9,585 | 9,585 | 14,168,737 | 2,642 | The invention is directed to allowing network base stations to receive information from mobile communication terminals about terminal-detected usage of unlicensed band utilization, e.g., due to uncoordinated Wi-Fi usage in combination with LTE deployments in unlicensed bands. The present invention introduces additional information into automatic neighbor relation (ANR) reporting. The additional information comprises information associated with the unlicensed band utilization. The additional information enables a base station scheduler (e.g., an LTE base station scheduler) associated with a base station to take radio access technology (RAT) utilization other than cellular utilization (e.g., 2G, 3G, LTE, etc.) into account in order to decrease in-device coexistence issues and increase unlicensed band system capacity. | 1. A method for responding to an unlicensed cell neighbor reporting request, the method comprising:
receiving, by a mobile terminal, an unlicensed cell neighbor reporting request from a base station; forwarding the request to a modem control unit, wherein the modem control unit is comprised in the mobile terminal; requesting an unlicensed band measurement by a wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) modem unit that uses the unlicensed band, wherein the Wi-Fi modem unit is comprised in the mobile terminal; scanning, by the Wi-Fi modem unit, signals on the unlicensed band; and transmitting, to the base station, a report on the scanned signals. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the report includes at least one of a center frequency or list of frequencies for signals on the unlicensed band, a bandwidth of signals on the band, the mobile terminal's own usage of the band, or a signal strength of signals on the band. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising summarizing, by the modem control unit, the signals on the unlicensed band. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the report is transmitted to the base station based on a defined schedule. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the scanning further comprises filtering the signals based on at least one of a period of detection of the signals or a signal strength associated with the signals. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the signals are associated with activity of a cell located in proximity of the mobile terminal. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the unlicensed band is associated with wireless local area network (WLAN) protocol. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmitting step is performed by a cellular modem unit comprised in the mobile terminal. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the cellular modem unit operates on a licensed band. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the cellular modem unit and the Wi-Fi modem unit are separate units. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the cellular modem unit and the Wi-Fi modem unit are comprised in a single unit. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the licensed band comprises at least one of 2nd generation (2G), 3rd generation (3G), or long-terminal evolution (LTE) protocol. 13. A method for unlicensed band usage measurement requesting, the method comprising:
requesting, by a base station, information from a mobile terminal about usage of an unlicensed band; and receiving, by the base station, information from the mobile terminal about usage of the unlicensed band, wherein the information is comprised in an automatic neighbor relation (ANR) report, wherein the information comprises first information associated with detected signals from at least one wireless local area network (WLAN) station in proximity of the mobile terminal, and second information associated with the mobile terminal's communication on at least one frequency associated with the at least one WLAN station. 14. A mobile terminal for responding to an unlicensed cell neighbor reporting request, the mobile terminal comprising:
a modem control unit for receiving an unlicensed cell neighbor reporting request; a wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) modem unit for scanning signals on an unlicensed band; and a cellular modem unit for transmitting a report comprising a summary of the scanned signals, and a summary of the Wi-Fi modem unit's activity on the unlicensed band. 15. The mobile terminal of claim 14, wherein the mobile terminal comprises a mobile phone, a mobile computing device, a mobile television, a laptop computer, a smart screen, a tablet computer, a portable desktop computer, eyewear, an e-reader, a scanner, a portable media device, a gaming device, a camera, a watch, or a band or other wearable device. | The invention is directed to allowing network base stations to receive information from mobile communication terminals about terminal-detected usage of unlicensed band utilization, e.g., due to uncoordinated Wi-Fi usage in combination with LTE deployments in unlicensed bands. The present invention introduces additional information into automatic neighbor relation (ANR) reporting. The additional information comprises information associated with the unlicensed band utilization. The additional information enables a base station scheduler (e.g., an LTE base station scheduler) associated with a base station to take radio access technology (RAT) utilization other than cellular utilization (e.g., 2G, 3G, LTE, etc.) into account in order to decrease in-device coexistence issues and increase unlicensed band system capacity.1. A method for responding to an unlicensed cell neighbor reporting request, the method comprising:
receiving, by a mobile terminal, an unlicensed cell neighbor reporting request from a base station; forwarding the request to a modem control unit, wherein the modem control unit is comprised in the mobile terminal; requesting an unlicensed band measurement by a wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) modem unit that uses the unlicensed band, wherein the Wi-Fi modem unit is comprised in the mobile terminal; scanning, by the Wi-Fi modem unit, signals on the unlicensed band; and transmitting, to the base station, a report on the scanned signals. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the report includes at least one of a center frequency or list of frequencies for signals on the unlicensed band, a bandwidth of signals on the band, the mobile terminal's own usage of the band, or a signal strength of signals on the band. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising summarizing, by the modem control unit, the signals on the unlicensed band. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the report is transmitted to the base station based on a defined schedule. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the scanning further comprises filtering the signals based on at least one of a period of detection of the signals or a signal strength associated with the signals. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the signals are associated with activity of a cell located in proximity of the mobile terminal. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the unlicensed band is associated with wireless local area network (WLAN) protocol. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmitting step is performed by a cellular modem unit comprised in the mobile terminal. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the cellular modem unit operates on a licensed band. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the cellular modem unit and the Wi-Fi modem unit are separate units. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the cellular modem unit and the Wi-Fi modem unit are comprised in a single unit. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the licensed band comprises at least one of 2nd generation (2G), 3rd generation (3G), or long-terminal evolution (LTE) protocol. 13. A method for unlicensed band usage measurement requesting, the method comprising:
requesting, by a base station, information from a mobile terminal about usage of an unlicensed band; and receiving, by the base station, information from the mobile terminal about usage of the unlicensed band, wherein the information is comprised in an automatic neighbor relation (ANR) report, wherein the information comprises first information associated with detected signals from at least one wireless local area network (WLAN) station in proximity of the mobile terminal, and second information associated with the mobile terminal's communication on at least one frequency associated with the at least one WLAN station. 14. A mobile terminal for responding to an unlicensed cell neighbor reporting request, the mobile terminal comprising:
a modem control unit for receiving an unlicensed cell neighbor reporting request; a wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) modem unit for scanning signals on an unlicensed band; and a cellular modem unit for transmitting a report comprising a summary of the scanned signals, and a summary of the Wi-Fi modem unit's activity on the unlicensed band. 15. The mobile terminal of claim 14, wherein the mobile terminal comprises a mobile phone, a mobile computing device, a mobile television, a laptop computer, a smart screen, a tablet computer, a portable desktop computer, eyewear, an e-reader, a scanner, a portable media device, a gaming device, a camera, a watch, or a band or other wearable device. | 2,600 |
9,586 | 9,586 | 12,122,705 | 2,645 | Web page ‘event information’ template is provided comprising of data fields to enable users input event information published on corresponding web page. Web page ‘event information’ data can be published or can be imbedded in corresponding web page. Mobile device ‘event information’ database is provided comprising of data fields identical to web page ‘event information’ database. Two way data transmission means between web page and mobile device ‘event information’ databases is provided. Mobile device event reminder application is provided with means to determine if GPS coordinates corresponding to current location of mobile device corresponds to GPS coordinates in ‘event information’ database contained therein. Event information is displayed if mobile device is in proximity to event location. | 1. A location based event reminder system comprising of: 1) event information published on web; 2) determination of GPS coordinates corresponding to event location; 3) mobile device event information database containing data fields for event information and event location GPS coordinates; 4) means to transmit event information and event location GPS coordinates from web page to mobile device; 5) mobile device application having means to determine current location GPS coordinates; 6) mobile device application having means to determine matches in mobile device event information database corresponding to mobile device location GPS coordinates. 2. The location based event reminder system of claim 1; wherein event information corresponding to mobile device location is displayed on mobile device. 3. The location based event reminder system of claim 1; comprising of web page event information database containing data fields for user input of event information. 4. The location based event reminder system of claim 1; wherein event location GPS coordinates is determined from geo code database. 5. The location based event reminder system of claim 1; wherein event information is in one or more of text, audio, image, and video formats. 6. The location based event reminder system of claim 1; comprising of mobile device event information database containing data fields identical to web page event information database. 7. The location based event reminder system of claim 6 having means for two way data transmission between web page event information database and mobile device event information database. 8. The location based event reminder system of claim 1 having means for data transmission from event information database of first mobile device to event information database of second mobile device. 9. The location based event reminder system of claim 1 having means for data transmission from mobile device event information database to web. 10. A location based event reminder method comprising the steps of; 1) publishing event information and event location GPS coordinates on web page; 2) transmitting event information and event location GPS coordinates to mobile device; 3) mobile device determining mobile device location GPS coordinates; 4) mobile device determining event information corresponding to mobile device location. 11. The location based event reminder method of claim 10; wherein event information corresponding to mobile device location is displayed on mobile device. 12. The location based event reminder method of claim 10 wherein; event information is in one or more of text, audio, image, and video formats. 13. The location based event reminder method of claim 10 comprising event information databases for web page and mobile device; each database containing identical data fields for input of event information and event location GPS coordinates. 14. A location based event reminder system comprising of: 1) event information and event location published on web page; 2) mobile device event information database containing data fields for event information and event location; 3) means to transmit event information and event location from web page to mobile device; 4) mobile device application having means to determine mobile device location; 5) mobile device application having means to determine matches in mobile device event information database corresponding to mobile device location. 15. The location based event reminder method of claim 14 comprising event information databases for web page and mobile device; each database containing identical data fields for input of event information and event location. 16. The location based event reminder system of claim 14; wherein mobile device location is determined by access point location. 17. The location based event reminder system of claim 14; wherein mobile device location is determined by cellular tower triangulation. 18. The location based event reminder method of claim 14 wherein; event information is in one or more of text, audio, image, and video formats. 19. The location based event reminder system of claim 14 having means for data transmission from event information database of first mobile device to event information database of second mobile device. 20. The location based event reminder system of claim 14 having means for data transmission from mobile device event information database to web. | Web page ‘event information’ template is provided comprising of data fields to enable users input event information published on corresponding web page. Web page ‘event information’ data can be published or can be imbedded in corresponding web page. Mobile device ‘event information’ database is provided comprising of data fields identical to web page ‘event information’ database. Two way data transmission means between web page and mobile device ‘event information’ databases is provided. Mobile device event reminder application is provided with means to determine if GPS coordinates corresponding to current location of mobile device corresponds to GPS coordinates in ‘event information’ database contained therein. Event information is displayed if mobile device is in proximity to event location.1. A location based event reminder system comprising of: 1) event information published on web; 2) determination of GPS coordinates corresponding to event location; 3) mobile device event information database containing data fields for event information and event location GPS coordinates; 4) means to transmit event information and event location GPS coordinates from web page to mobile device; 5) mobile device application having means to determine current location GPS coordinates; 6) mobile device application having means to determine matches in mobile device event information database corresponding to mobile device location GPS coordinates. 2. The location based event reminder system of claim 1; wherein event information corresponding to mobile device location is displayed on mobile device. 3. The location based event reminder system of claim 1; comprising of web page event information database containing data fields for user input of event information. 4. The location based event reminder system of claim 1; wherein event location GPS coordinates is determined from geo code database. 5. The location based event reminder system of claim 1; wherein event information is in one or more of text, audio, image, and video formats. 6. The location based event reminder system of claim 1; comprising of mobile device event information database containing data fields identical to web page event information database. 7. The location based event reminder system of claim 6 having means for two way data transmission between web page event information database and mobile device event information database. 8. The location based event reminder system of claim 1 having means for data transmission from event information database of first mobile device to event information database of second mobile device. 9. The location based event reminder system of claim 1 having means for data transmission from mobile device event information database to web. 10. A location based event reminder method comprising the steps of; 1) publishing event information and event location GPS coordinates on web page; 2) transmitting event information and event location GPS coordinates to mobile device; 3) mobile device determining mobile device location GPS coordinates; 4) mobile device determining event information corresponding to mobile device location. 11. The location based event reminder method of claim 10; wherein event information corresponding to mobile device location is displayed on mobile device. 12. The location based event reminder method of claim 10 wherein; event information is in one or more of text, audio, image, and video formats. 13. The location based event reminder method of claim 10 comprising event information databases for web page and mobile device; each database containing identical data fields for input of event information and event location GPS coordinates. 14. A location based event reminder system comprising of: 1) event information and event location published on web page; 2) mobile device event information database containing data fields for event information and event location; 3) means to transmit event information and event location from web page to mobile device; 4) mobile device application having means to determine mobile device location; 5) mobile device application having means to determine matches in mobile device event information database corresponding to mobile device location. 15. The location based event reminder method of claim 14 comprising event information databases for web page and mobile device; each database containing identical data fields for input of event information and event location. 16. The location based event reminder system of claim 14; wherein mobile device location is determined by access point location. 17. The location based event reminder system of claim 14; wherein mobile device location is determined by cellular tower triangulation. 18. The location based event reminder method of claim 14 wherein; event information is in one or more of text, audio, image, and video formats. 19. The location based event reminder system of claim 14 having means for data transmission from event information database of first mobile device to event information database of second mobile device. 20. The location based event reminder system of claim 14 having means for data transmission from mobile device event information database to web. | 2,600 |
9,587 | 9,587 | 12,994,445 | 2,677 | A replaceable printer component includes a memory and a communication link. The memory is configured to store data in each of a plurality of portions of the memory. Each portion is defined by a tag. Within a first portion of the memory defined by a first tag, the data within the first portion is stored in a plurality of sub-portions of the first portion. Each sub-portion is defined by a sub-tag. The communication link is configured to communicatively link the memory to a printer controller when the replaceable printer component is installed in a printing system. | 1. A replaceable printer component comprising:
a memory configured to store data in each of a plurality of portions of the memory, each portion defined by a tag, wherein within a first portion of the memory defined by a first tag, the data within the first portion is stored in a plurality of sub-portions of the first portion, each sub-portion defined by a sub-tag; and a communication link configured to communicatively link the memory to a printer controller when the replaceable printer component is installed in a printing system. 2. The replaceable printer component of claim 1, wherein each tag indicates a type and a length of the data stored in the portion defined by the tag. 3. The replaceable printer component of claim 2, wherein each tag provides a factor of the length of the data stored in the portion defined by the tag. 4. The replaceable printer component of claim 1, wherein each sub-tag indicates a type and a length of the data stored in the sub-portion defined by the sub-tag. 5. The replaceable printer component of claim 1, wherein each tag is stored in the memory immediately preceding the data defined by the tag, and
wherein each sub-tag is stored in the memory immediately preceding the data defined by the sub-tag. 6. The replaceable printer component of claim 1, wherein the replaceable printer component comprises one of an inkjet cartridge, an inkjet printhead assembly, a toner cartridge, and an ink supply. 7. The replaceable printer component of claim 1, wherein the replaceable printer component comprises a peripheral device of the printing system. 8. The replaceable printer component of claim 1, wherein the memory comprises a non-volatile memory. 9. A replaceable printer component comprising:
means for storing data in a plurality of blocks including a first block and for storing data in a plurality of sub-blocks of the first block; means for defining the data stored in each block; means for defining the data stored in each sub-block of the first block; and means for communicatively linking the means for storing to a printer controller when the replaceable printer component is installed in a printing system. 10. The replaceable printer component of claim 9, wherein the means for defining the data stored in each block comprises means for defining a type and a length of the data stored in each block. 11. The replaceable printer component of claim 10, wherein the means for defining the type and the length of the data stored in each block comprises a first 4-bit value and a second 4-bit value associated with each block, each first 4-bit value indicating the type of data stored in the associated block and each second 4-bit value indicating a factor of the length of the data stored in the associated block. 12. The replaceable printer component of claim 9, wherein the means for defining the data stored in each sub-block comprises means for defining a type and a length of the data stored in each sub-block. 13. The replaceable printer component of claim 12, wherein the means for defining the type and the length of the data stored in each sub-block comprises an 8-bit value associated with each sub-block, each 8-bit value indicating both the type and the length of the data stored in the associated sub-block. 14. The replaceable printer component of claim 9, wherein the means for storing comprises a non-volatile memory. 15. The replaceable printer component of claim 9, wherein the replaceable printer component comprises one of an inkjet cartridge, an inkjet printhead assembly, a toner cartridge, and an ink supply. | A replaceable printer component includes a memory and a communication link. The memory is configured to store data in each of a plurality of portions of the memory. Each portion is defined by a tag. Within a first portion of the memory defined by a first tag, the data within the first portion is stored in a plurality of sub-portions of the first portion. Each sub-portion is defined by a sub-tag. The communication link is configured to communicatively link the memory to a printer controller when the replaceable printer component is installed in a printing system.1. A replaceable printer component comprising:
a memory configured to store data in each of a plurality of portions of the memory, each portion defined by a tag, wherein within a first portion of the memory defined by a first tag, the data within the first portion is stored in a plurality of sub-portions of the first portion, each sub-portion defined by a sub-tag; and a communication link configured to communicatively link the memory to a printer controller when the replaceable printer component is installed in a printing system. 2. The replaceable printer component of claim 1, wherein each tag indicates a type and a length of the data stored in the portion defined by the tag. 3. The replaceable printer component of claim 2, wherein each tag provides a factor of the length of the data stored in the portion defined by the tag. 4. The replaceable printer component of claim 1, wherein each sub-tag indicates a type and a length of the data stored in the sub-portion defined by the sub-tag. 5. The replaceable printer component of claim 1, wherein each tag is stored in the memory immediately preceding the data defined by the tag, and
wherein each sub-tag is stored in the memory immediately preceding the data defined by the sub-tag. 6. The replaceable printer component of claim 1, wherein the replaceable printer component comprises one of an inkjet cartridge, an inkjet printhead assembly, a toner cartridge, and an ink supply. 7. The replaceable printer component of claim 1, wherein the replaceable printer component comprises a peripheral device of the printing system. 8. The replaceable printer component of claim 1, wherein the memory comprises a non-volatile memory. 9. A replaceable printer component comprising:
means for storing data in a plurality of blocks including a first block and for storing data in a plurality of sub-blocks of the first block; means for defining the data stored in each block; means for defining the data stored in each sub-block of the first block; and means for communicatively linking the means for storing to a printer controller when the replaceable printer component is installed in a printing system. 10. The replaceable printer component of claim 9, wherein the means for defining the data stored in each block comprises means for defining a type and a length of the data stored in each block. 11. The replaceable printer component of claim 10, wherein the means for defining the type and the length of the data stored in each block comprises a first 4-bit value and a second 4-bit value associated with each block, each first 4-bit value indicating the type of data stored in the associated block and each second 4-bit value indicating a factor of the length of the data stored in the associated block. 12. The replaceable printer component of claim 9, wherein the means for defining the data stored in each sub-block comprises means for defining a type and a length of the data stored in each sub-block. 13. The replaceable printer component of claim 12, wherein the means for defining the type and the length of the data stored in each sub-block comprises an 8-bit value associated with each sub-block, each 8-bit value indicating both the type and the length of the data stored in the associated sub-block. 14. The replaceable printer component of claim 9, wherein the means for storing comprises a non-volatile memory. 15. The replaceable printer component of claim 9, wherein the replaceable printer component comprises one of an inkjet cartridge, an inkjet printhead assembly, a toner cartridge, and an ink supply. | 2,600 |
9,588 | 9,588 | 10,509,852 | 2,644 | A method of controlling access rights in a cellular mobile radio system, including transfer of roaming agreement information from a core network to a radio access network of said system, in which method said roaming agreement information is transferred independently of the management of radio access bearers at the interface between the core network and the radio access network. | 1. A method of controlling access rights in a cellular mobile radio system, including transfer of roaming agreement information from a core network to a radio access network of said system, in which method said roaming agreement information is transferred independently of the management of radio access bearers at the interface between the core network and the radio access network. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein roaming agreement information transferred in this way is common to a public land mobile network (PLMN) identified by a subset of the international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) number. 3. A method according to claim 2, wherein said subsystem includes a mobile country code field (MCC) and a mobile network code (MNC) field. 4. A method according to claim 1, wherein according to said roaming agreements access to a visited public land mobile network (VPLMN) is authorized for the whole PLMN or limited to certain areas of said VPLMN. 5. A method according to claim 4, wherein said areas of said VPLMN are areas in which the home public land mobile network (HPLMN) does not itself provide radio coverage. 6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the routing agreement information transferred is indicated for each location area (LA). 7. A method according to claim 1, wherein said roaming agreement information is transferred in the event of modification of said information in the core network. 8. A method according to claim 1, wherein the core network is configured beforehand with said roaming agreement information. 9. A method according to claim 8, wherein said configuration is effected by operation & maintenance (O&M) means. 10. A method according to claim 1, wherein said roaming agreement information is stored in the core network in a database of the visitor location register (VLR) type. 11. Radio access network equipment comprising means adapted to implement a method according to any one of claims 1 to 10. 12. Radio access network equipment according to claim 11 taking the form of a radio network controller (RNC). 13. Core network equipment comprising means adapted to implement a method according to claim 1. 14. Core network equipment according to claim 13, wherein, said roaming agreement information being stored in a visitor location register (VLR), said core network equipment takes the form of a mobile switching center (MSC) type equipment connected to a visitor location register (VLR). 15. Core network equipment according to claim 14, wherein, said roaming agreement information being stored in a visitor location register (VLR), said core network equipment takes the form of a serving GPRS support node (SGSN) type equipment integrating a visitor location register (VLR). 16. A mobile radio system comprising means adapted to implement a method according to claim 1. | A method of controlling access rights in a cellular mobile radio system, including transfer of roaming agreement information from a core network to a radio access network of said system, in which method said roaming agreement information is transferred independently of the management of radio access bearers at the interface between the core network and the radio access network.1. A method of controlling access rights in a cellular mobile radio system, including transfer of roaming agreement information from a core network to a radio access network of said system, in which method said roaming agreement information is transferred independently of the management of radio access bearers at the interface between the core network and the radio access network. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein roaming agreement information transferred in this way is common to a public land mobile network (PLMN) identified by a subset of the international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) number. 3. A method according to claim 2, wherein said subsystem includes a mobile country code field (MCC) and a mobile network code (MNC) field. 4. A method according to claim 1, wherein according to said roaming agreements access to a visited public land mobile network (VPLMN) is authorized for the whole PLMN or limited to certain areas of said VPLMN. 5. A method according to claim 4, wherein said areas of said VPLMN are areas in which the home public land mobile network (HPLMN) does not itself provide radio coverage. 6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the routing agreement information transferred is indicated for each location area (LA). 7. A method according to claim 1, wherein said roaming agreement information is transferred in the event of modification of said information in the core network. 8. A method according to claim 1, wherein the core network is configured beforehand with said roaming agreement information. 9. A method according to claim 8, wherein said configuration is effected by operation & maintenance (O&M) means. 10. A method according to claim 1, wherein said roaming agreement information is stored in the core network in a database of the visitor location register (VLR) type. 11. Radio access network equipment comprising means adapted to implement a method according to any one of claims 1 to 10. 12. Radio access network equipment according to claim 11 taking the form of a radio network controller (RNC). 13. Core network equipment comprising means adapted to implement a method according to claim 1. 14. Core network equipment according to claim 13, wherein, said roaming agreement information being stored in a visitor location register (VLR), said core network equipment takes the form of a mobile switching center (MSC) type equipment connected to a visitor location register (VLR). 15. Core network equipment according to claim 14, wherein, said roaming agreement information being stored in a visitor location register (VLR), said core network equipment takes the form of a serving GPRS support node (SGSN) type equipment integrating a visitor location register (VLR). 16. A mobile radio system comprising means adapted to implement a method according to claim 1. | 2,600 |
9,589 | 9,589 | 13,156,573 | 2,699 | A system and method is used to manage scheduling of a plurality of print jobs in a multi-site print shop environment. The multi-site environment includes a plurality of print shops each having resources and equipment to complete at least one type of print job. Also included is a multi-site scheduler configuration arranged to assign and schedule print jobs to one of a home shop and a non-home shop. The assigning and scheduling is based on a fastest completion time, wherein a completion time of a print job in a home shop is defined as the actual time taken to complete the print job and a completion time of a print job in a non-home shop is defined as the actual time taken to complete the print job and a transportation delay. | 1. A system for managing scheduling of a plurality of jobs in a multi-site shop environment comprising:
a plurality of shops having resources and equipment to complete at least one type of job; and a multi-site scheduler configured to assign and schedule jobs to one of a home shop or a non-home shop, based on a fastest completion time, wherein a completion time of a job in a home shop is defined as an actual time taken to complete the job and a completion time of a job in a non-home shop is defined as the actual time taken to complete the job and a transportation delay. 2. The system according to claim 1 wherein the transportation delay is defined as a time taken to transport a completed job from the non-home shop to the home shop. 3. The system according to claim 1 wherein the transportation delay is a static delay. 4. The system according to claim 1 wherein the transportation delay is a dynamically changing delay. 5. The system according to claim 1 wherein a single job has a single home shop. 6. The system according to claim 1 wherein a single job has multiple home shops. 7. The system according to claim 2 wherein the transportation delay further includes transportation cost. 8. The system according to claim 2 wherein the transportation delay further includes production cost. 9. The system according to claim 1 wherein the multi-site scheduler is configured to assign and schedule print jobs in loosely coupled single-site shops by explicit modeling of inter-cell delays. 10. The system according to claim 1 wherein the multi-site scheduler is configured to operate with a multi-site earliest-completion-time scheduling policy. 11. The system according to claim 1, wherein the multi-site scheduler is comprised of a plurality of parallel implementations of the multi-site scheduler. 12. A method for managing a scheduling of a plurality of print jobs in a multi-site print shop environment comprising:
defining a plurality of print shops having resources and equipment to complete at least one type of print job as part of a multi-site printing environment; and configuring a multi-site scheduler to assign and schedule print jobs to one of a home shop and a non-home shop, based on a fastest completion time, wherein a completion time of a print job in a home shop is defined as an actual time taken to complete the print job and a completion time of a print job in a non-home shop is defined as the actual time taken to complete the print job and a transportation delay. 13. The method according to claim 12 wherein the transportation delay is defined as a time taken to transport a completed job from the non-home shop to the home shop. 14. The method according to claim 12 wherein the transportation delay is a static delay. 15. The method according to claim 12 wherein the transportation delay is a dynamic delay. 16. The method according to claim 12 wherein a single job has a single home shop. 17. The system according to claim 12 wherein a single job has multiple home shops. 18. The system according to claim 13 wherein the transportation delay further includes transportation cost as part of its optimization objective. 19. The method according to claim 13 wherein the transportation delay further includes production cost as part of its optimization objective. 20. The method according to claim 12 wherein the multi-site scheduler is configured to assign and schedule print jobs in loosely coupled single-site shops where explicit modeling of inter-cell delays is necessary. 21. The method according to claim 12 wherein the multi-site scheduler is configured to operate with a multi-site earliest-completion-time scheduling policy. 22. The method according to claim 12, further including implementing the multi-site scheduler as a plurality of parallel implemented multi-site schedulers. 23. A method of scheduling jobs in shops in a multi-site shop environment comprising:
defining a multi-site environment to include a plurality of individual shops as part of the multi-site environment; defining jobs to be processed within the multi-site environment as non-outsourceable jobs or as outsourceable jobs; assigning non-outsourceable jobs to a home shop; scheduling non-outsourceable jobs in their respectively assigned home shops; recording the resources needed to complete the respective non-outsourceable jobs in each of the home shops; assigning all outsourceable jobs to a home shop; tentatively scheduling jobs in corresponding home shops subject to the allocation of resources; identifying a completion time and resource allocation for the tentatively scheduled outsourceable jobs in the respective home shops, wherein the completion time is the actual time to complete the outsourceable jobs; generating a list of non-home shops which have resources to complete the outsourceable jobs; for each non-home shop on the generated list, tentatively scheduling the outsourceable jobs in each of the non-home shops on the generated list subject to resource availability; identifying a completion time for the outsourceable jobs tentatively scheduled in the non-home shops and the resource allocation to complete the outsourceable jobs, wherein the completion time is the actual completion time and a transportation delay; identifying a “best” shops to which each of the outsourceable jobs have been tentatively scheduled by comparing completion times; and formalizing scheduling and resource allocation in selected “best” shops. | A system and method is used to manage scheduling of a plurality of print jobs in a multi-site print shop environment. The multi-site environment includes a plurality of print shops each having resources and equipment to complete at least one type of print job. Also included is a multi-site scheduler configuration arranged to assign and schedule print jobs to one of a home shop and a non-home shop. The assigning and scheduling is based on a fastest completion time, wherein a completion time of a print job in a home shop is defined as the actual time taken to complete the print job and a completion time of a print job in a non-home shop is defined as the actual time taken to complete the print job and a transportation delay.1. A system for managing scheduling of a plurality of jobs in a multi-site shop environment comprising:
a plurality of shops having resources and equipment to complete at least one type of job; and a multi-site scheduler configured to assign and schedule jobs to one of a home shop or a non-home shop, based on a fastest completion time, wherein a completion time of a job in a home shop is defined as an actual time taken to complete the job and a completion time of a job in a non-home shop is defined as the actual time taken to complete the job and a transportation delay. 2. The system according to claim 1 wherein the transportation delay is defined as a time taken to transport a completed job from the non-home shop to the home shop. 3. The system according to claim 1 wherein the transportation delay is a static delay. 4. The system according to claim 1 wherein the transportation delay is a dynamically changing delay. 5. The system according to claim 1 wherein a single job has a single home shop. 6. The system according to claim 1 wherein a single job has multiple home shops. 7. The system according to claim 2 wherein the transportation delay further includes transportation cost. 8. The system according to claim 2 wherein the transportation delay further includes production cost. 9. The system according to claim 1 wherein the multi-site scheduler is configured to assign and schedule print jobs in loosely coupled single-site shops by explicit modeling of inter-cell delays. 10. The system according to claim 1 wherein the multi-site scheduler is configured to operate with a multi-site earliest-completion-time scheduling policy. 11. The system according to claim 1, wherein the multi-site scheduler is comprised of a plurality of parallel implementations of the multi-site scheduler. 12. A method for managing a scheduling of a plurality of print jobs in a multi-site print shop environment comprising:
defining a plurality of print shops having resources and equipment to complete at least one type of print job as part of a multi-site printing environment; and configuring a multi-site scheduler to assign and schedule print jobs to one of a home shop and a non-home shop, based on a fastest completion time, wherein a completion time of a print job in a home shop is defined as an actual time taken to complete the print job and a completion time of a print job in a non-home shop is defined as the actual time taken to complete the print job and a transportation delay. 13. The method according to claim 12 wherein the transportation delay is defined as a time taken to transport a completed job from the non-home shop to the home shop. 14. The method according to claim 12 wherein the transportation delay is a static delay. 15. The method according to claim 12 wherein the transportation delay is a dynamic delay. 16. The method according to claim 12 wherein a single job has a single home shop. 17. The system according to claim 12 wherein a single job has multiple home shops. 18. The system according to claim 13 wherein the transportation delay further includes transportation cost as part of its optimization objective. 19. The method according to claim 13 wherein the transportation delay further includes production cost as part of its optimization objective. 20. The method according to claim 12 wherein the multi-site scheduler is configured to assign and schedule print jobs in loosely coupled single-site shops where explicit modeling of inter-cell delays is necessary. 21. The method according to claim 12 wherein the multi-site scheduler is configured to operate with a multi-site earliest-completion-time scheduling policy. 22. The method according to claim 12, further including implementing the multi-site scheduler as a plurality of parallel implemented multi-site schedulers. 23. A method of scheduling jobs in shops in a multi-site shop environment comprising:
defining a multi-site environment to include a plurality of individual shops as part of the multi-site environment; defining jobs to be processed within the multi-site environment as non-outsourceable jobs or as outsourceable jobs; assigning non-outsourceable jobs to a home shop; scheduling non-outsourceable jobs in their respectively assigned home shops; recording the resources needed to complete the respective non-outsourceable jobs in each of the home shops; assigning all outsourceable jobs to a home shop; tentatively scheduling jobs in corresponding home shops subject to the allocation of resources; identifying a completion time and resource allocation for the tentatively scheduled outsourceable jobs in the respective home shops, wherein the completion time is the actual time to complete the outsourceable jobs; generating a list of non-home shops which have resources to complete the outsourceable jobs; for each non-home shop on the generated list, tentatively scheduling the outsourceable jobs in each of the non-home shops on the generated list subject to resource availability; identifying a completion time for the outsourceable jobs tentatively scheduled in the non-home shops and the resource allocation to complete the outsourceable jobs, wherein the completion time is the actual completion time and a transportation delay; identifying a “best” shops to which each of the outsourceable jobs have been tentatively scheduled by comparing completion times; and formalizing scheduling and resource allocation in selected “best” shops. | 2,600 |
9,590 | 9,590 | 15,234,183 | 2,647 | A method is provided for controlling access to a target device. The method comprises receiving, by the target device, primary input from a user or user device, wherein the primary input matches a predetermined input stored by the target device and authorizes the user or user device to access the target device. The method further comprises storing, by the target device, one or more wireless secondary signals that are detected by the target device during a time period in which the primary input is received. Still further, the method comprises allowing access to the target device in response to receiving the primary input, and then allowing access to the target device in response to subsequently receiving at least one of the one or more wireless secondary signals matching one or more of the stored wireless secondary signals in the absence of receiving the primary input. | 1. A method, comprising:
receiving, by a target device, primary input from a user or user device, wherein the primary input matches a predetermined input stored by the target device and authorizes the user or user device to access the target device; receiving, by the target device, one or more wireless secondary signals during a time period in which the primary input is received by the target device; storing, by the target device, the one or more wireless secondary signals; allowing access to the target device in response to the target device receiving the primary input; and then allowing access to the target device in response to the target device receiving a wireless secondary signal that matches at least one of the one or more stored wireless secondary signals in the absence of receiving the primary input. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein allowing access to the target device in response to receiving the primary input, includes allowing a first level of access to the target device; and
wherein allowing access to the target device in response to receiving at least one of the one or more wireless secondary signals in the absence of receiving the primary input, includes allowing a second level of access that is lower than the first level of access. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the second level of access provides access to fewer features or a shorter duration than does the first level of access. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein allowing access to the target device includes allowing physical access to the target device. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the target device includes an electronically actuatable lock. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein allowing access to the target device includes allowing access to a computer system. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the computer system is selected from a remote server, desktop computer, notebook computer, tablet computer, and smartphone. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the primary input is a wireless primary signal, and wherein the wireless primary signal and the one or more wireless secondary signals are received by one or more receiver of the target device. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the wireless primary signal and each of the one or more wireless secondary signals are independently selected from radio frequency identification signals and short wavelength UHF radio signals. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the primary input is manually entered into the target device by the user. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the primary input is electronically transmitted to the target device by the user device. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the user device is selected from a keyless entry transmitter and a keycard. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more wireless secondary signals is transmitted from a radio-frequency identification tag. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more wireless secondary signals is transmitted from a device selected from a wireless headset, a smartwatch, a mobile communication device, and combinations thereof. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein allowing access to the target device in response to receiving at least one of the one or more wireless secondary signals in the absence of receiving the primary input is limited to a number of consecutive instances of allowing access before requiring the primary input to allow a subsequent access. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein allowing access to the target device in response to receiving at least one of the one or more wireless secondary signals in the absence of receiving the primary input is limited to a maximum time period since the primary input was last received. 17. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
measuring a signal strength of each of the one or more wireless secondary signals that are detected by the target device; and storing, for each of the one or more wireless secondary signals, the measured signal strength in association with the corresponding wireless secondary signal; wherein allowing access to the target device in response to receiving at least one of the one or more wireless secondary signals in the absence of receiving the primary input, includes allowing access to the target device in response to receiving at least one of the one or more wireless secondary signals with a signal strength within a predetermined range of the measured signal strength that is stored in association with the corresponding secondary wireless signal in the absence of receiving the primary input. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein storing one or more wireless secondary signals that are detected by the target device during a time period in which the primary input is received, includes storing two or more wireless secondary signals that are detected by the target device during a time period in which the primary input is received; and
wherein allowing access to the target device in response to receiving at least one of the one or more wireless secondary signals in the absence of receiving the primary input, includes allowing access to the target device only in response to receiving a plurality of the two or more wireless secondary signals in the absence of receiving the primary input. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the second level of access varies as a function of the number of wireless secondary signals received in the absence of the primary input relative to the number of wireless secondary signals that are detected by the target device during a time period in which the primary input is received. 20. A computer program product for controlling access to a target device, the computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a processor to cause the processor to perform a method comprising:
receiving, by a target device, primary input from a user or user device, wherein the primary input matches a predetermined input stored by the target device and authorizes the user or user device to access the target device; receiving, by the target device, one or more wireless secondary signals during a time period in which the primary input is received by the target device; storing, by the target device, the one or more wireless secondary signals; allowing access to the target device in response to the target device receiving the primary input; and then allowing access to the target device in response to the target device receiving a wireless secondary signal that matches at least one of the one or more stored wireless secondary signals in the absence of receiving the primary input. | A method is provided for controlling access to a target device. The method comprises receiving, by the target device, primary input from a user or user device, wherein the primary input matches a predetermined input stored by the target device and authorizes the user or user device to access the target device. The method further comprises storing, by the target device, one or more wireless secondary signals that are detected by the target device during a time period in which the primary input is received. Still further, the method comprises allowing access to the target device in response to receiving the primary input, and then allowing access to the target device in response to subsequently receiving at least one of the one or more wireless secondary signals matching one or more of the stored wireless secondary signals in the absence of receiving the primary input.1. A method, comprising:
receiving, by a target device, primary input from a user or user device, wherein the primary input matches a predetermined input stored by the target device and authorizes the user or user device to access the target device; receiving, by the target device, one or more wireless secondary signals during a time period in which the primary input is received by the target device; storing, by the target device, the one or more wireless secondary signals; allowing access to the target device in response to the target device receiving the primary input; and then allowing access to the target device in response to the target device receiving a wireless secondary signal that matches at least one of the one or more stored wireless secondary signals in the absence of receiving the primary input. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein allowing access to the target device in response to receiving the primary input, includes allowing a first level of access to the target device; and
wherein allowing access to the target device in response to receiving at least one of the one or more wireless secondary signals in the absence of receiving the primary input, includes allowing a second level of access that is lower than the first level of access. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the second level of access provides access to fewer features or a shorter duration than does the first level of access. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein allowing access to the target device includes allowing physical access to the target device. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the target device includes an electronically actuatable lock. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein allowing access to the target device includes allowing access to a computer system. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the computer system is selected from a remote server, desktop computer, notebook computer, tablet computer, and smartphone. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the primary input is a wireless primary signal, and wherein the wireless primary signal and the one or more wireless secondary signals are received by one or more receiver of the target device. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the wireless primary signal and each of the one or more wireless secondary signals are independently selected from radio frequency identification signals and short wavelength UHF radio signals. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the primary input is manually entered into the target device by the user. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the primary input is electronically transmitted to the target device by the user device. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the user device is selected from a keyless entry transmitter and a keycard. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more wireless secondary signals is transmitted from a radio-frequency identification tag. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more wireless secondary signals is transmitted from a device selected from a wireless headset, a smartwatch, a mobile communication device, and combinations thereof. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein allowing access to the target device in response to receiving at least one of the one or more wireless secondary signals in the absence of receiving the primary input is limited to a number of consecutive instances of allowing access before requiring the primary input to allow a subsequent access. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein allowing access to the target device in response to receiving at least one of the one or more wireless secondary signals in the absence of receiving the primary input is limited to a maximum time period since the primary input was last received. 17. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
measuring a signal strength of each of the one or more wireless secondary signals that are detected by the target device; and storing, for each of the one or more wireless secondary signals, the measured signal strength in association with the corresponding wireless secondary signal; wherein allowing access to the target device in response to receiving at least one of the one or more wireless secondary signals in the absence of receiving the primary input, includes allowing access to the target device in response to receiving at least one of the one or more wireless secondary signals with a signal strength within a predetermined range of the measured signal strength that is stored in association with the corresponding secondary wireless signal in the absence of receiving the primary input. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein storing one or more wireless secondary signals that are detected by the target device during a time period in which the primary input is received, includes storing two or more wireless secondary signals that are detected by the target device during a time period in which the primary input is received; and
wherein allowing access to the target device in response to receiving at least one of the one or more wireless secondary signals in the absence of receiving the primary input, includes allowing access to the target device only in response to receiving a plurality of the two or more wireless secondary signals in the absence of receiving the primary input. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the second level of access varies as a function of the number of wireless secondary signals received in the absence of the primary input relative to the number of wireless secondary signals that are detected by the target device during a time period in which the primary input is received. 20. A computer program product for controlling access to a target device, the computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a processor to cause the processor to perform a method comprising:
receiving, by a target device, primary input from a user or user device, wherein the primary input matches a predetermined input stored by the target device and authorizes the user or user device to access the target device; receiving, by the target device, one or more wireless secondary signals during a time period in which the primary input is received by the target device; storing, by the target device, the one or more wireless secondary signals; allowing access to the target device in response to the target device receiving the primary input; and then allowing access to the target device in response to the target device receiving a wireless secondary signal that matches at least one of the one or more stored wireless secondary signals in the absence of receiving the primary input. | 2,600 |
9,591 | 9,591 | 13,922,528 | 2,652 | A method and a system for adaptive outbound campaign are provided. The system includes a monitoring module for real-time monitoring of public sentiment to an outbound campaign. Further, the system includes an adaptive module communicably coupled to the monitoring module. The adaptive module further adapts one or more parameters corresponding to the outbound campaign based on the monitored public sentiment. | 1. A method for adaptive outbound campaign, the method comprising:
monitoring, in real time through an interface to a communication network, public sentiment related to an outbound campaign; and executing, by a processor, one or more rules for configuring one or more parameters corresponding to the outbound campaign in real time, the parameters configured based on the monitored public sentiment. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising identifying one or more keywords corresponding to the outbound campaign. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the public sentiment is monitored based on the one or more keywords corresponding to the outbound campaign. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the public sentiment is monitored through at least one of social networks, public websites, forums, and emails. 5. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of optimizing the one or more parameters, corresponding to the outbound campaign, for increasing an impact of the outbound campaign on public. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the public sentiment is monitored from one or more competing businesses for assessing an impact of the outbound campaign in context of the competing businesses. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein configuring the parameters comprises modifying a frequency of one or more notifications corresponding to the outbound campaign. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein configuring the parameters comprises at least one of managing level of details of a notification corresponding to the outbound campaign, and managing content of the notification, based on the public sentiment. 9. A system for adaptive outbound campaign comprising:
a monitoring module for real-time monitoring of public sentiment to an outbound campaign; and an adaptive module communicably coupled to the monitoring module, the adaptive module for adapting one or more parameters corresponding to the outbound campaign based on the monitored public sentiment. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the adaptive module comprises a rule engine to execute one or more rules for one of configuring and optimizing the parameters. 11. The system of claim 9 further comprising a database for storing one or more rules utilized by the adaptive module for adapting the parameters based on the monitored public sentiment. 12. The system of claim 9 further comprising an identifying module for identifying one or more keywords corresponding to the outbound campaign. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the monitoring module monitors the public sentiment based on the one or more keywords corresponding to the outbound campaign. 14. The system of claim 9, wherein the monitoring module monitors public sentiment through at least one of social networks, public websites, forums and emails. 15. The system of claim 9, wherein the adaptive module adapts the one or more parameters by one of optimization and configuration thereof to increase an impact of the outbound campaign on public. 16. A server for adaptive outbound campaign in a network, the server comprising:
a processor; and a memory coupled to the processor, the memory is configured to store instructions that, when executed by the processor, perform the steps of:
monitoring one or more public sentiment to an outbound campaign in the network; and
adapting one or more parameters corresponding to the outbound campaign based on the monitored public sentiment. 17. The server of claim 16, wherein the memory is further configured to store a database to store one or more rules to adapt the parameters in real time based on the monitored public sentiment. 18. The server of claim 16, wherein the memory is further configured to store one or more instructions to identify one or more keywords corresponding to the outbound campaign, the identified keywords utilized to monitor the public sentiment. 19. The server of claim 16, wherein the one or more parameters are adapted by performing one of configuration and optimization of the parameters based on the monitored public sentiment. 20. The server of claim 16, wherein the public sentiment is monitored through a communication interface to at least one of social networks, public websites, forums and emails in the network. | A method and a system for adaptive outbound campaign are provided. The system includes a monitoring module for real-time monitoring of public sentiment to an outbound campaign. Further, the system includes an adaptive module communicably coupled to the monitoring module. The adaptive module further adapts one or more parameters corresponding to the outbound campaign based on the monitored public sentiment.1. A method for adaptive outbound campaign, the method comprising:
monitoring, in real time through an interface to a communication network, public sentiment related to an outbound campaign; and executing, by a processor, one or more rules for configuring one or more parameters corresponding to the outbound campaign in real time, the parameters configured based on the monitored public sentiment. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising identifying one or more keywords corresponding to the outbound campaign. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the public sentiment is monitored based on the one or more keywords corresponding to the outbound campaign. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the public sentiment is monitored through at least one of social networks, public websites, forums, and emails. 5. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of optimizing the one or more parameters, corresponding to the outbound campaign, for increasing an impact of the outbound campaign on public. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the public sentiment is monitored from one or more competing businesses for assessing an impact of the outbound campaign in context of the competing businesses. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein configuring the parameters comprises modifying a frequency of one or more notifications corresponding to the outbound campaign. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein configuring the parameters comprises at least one of managing level of details of a notification corresponding to the outbound campaign, and managing content of the notification, based on the public sentiment. 9. A system for adaptive outbound campaign comprising:
a monitoring module for real-time monitoring of public sentiment to an outbound campaign; and an adaptive module communicably coupled to the monitoring module, the adaptive module for adapting one or more parameters corresponding to the outbound campaign based on the monitored public sentiment. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the adaptive module comprises a rule engine to execute one or more rules for one of configuring and optimizing the parameters. 11. The system of claim 9 further comprising a database for storing one or more rules utilized by the adaptive module for adapting the parameters based on the monitored public sentiment. 12. The system of claim 9 further comprising an identifying module for identifying one or more keywords corresponding to the outbound campaign. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the monitoring module monitors the public sentiment based on the one or more keywords corresponding to the outbound campaign. 14. The system of claim 9, wherein the monitoring module monitors public sentiment through at least one of social networks, public websites, forums and emails. 15. The system of claim 9, wherein the adaptive module adapts the one or more parameters by one of optimization and configuration thereof to increase an impact of the outbound campaign on public. 16. A server for adaptive outbound campaign in a network, the server comprising:
a processor; and a memory coupled to the processor, the memory is configured to store instructions that, when executed by the processor, perform the steps of:
monitoring one or more public sentiment to an outbound campaign in the network; and
adapting one or more parameters corresponding to the outbound campaign based on the monitored public sentiment. 17. The server of claim 16, wherein the memory is further configured to store a database to store one or more rules to adapt the parameters in real time based on the monitored public sentiment. 18. The server of claim 16, wherein the memory is further configured to store one or more instructions to identify one or more keywords corresponding to the outbound campaign, the identified keywords utilized to monitor the public sentiment. 19. The server of claim 16, wherein the one or more parameters are adapted by performing one of configuration and optimization of the parameters based on the monitored public sentiment. 20. The server of claim 16, wherein the public sentiment is monitored through a communication interface to at least one of social networks, public websites, forums and emails in the network. | 2,600 |
9,592 | 9,592 | 14,622,145 | 2,689 | Methods and apparatus are provided for configuration a single remote fob to be fully operational with different vehicles such as more than one vehicle within a vehicle fleet. In particular, the method and apparatus implements functional transmitter identification and synchronization to allow for dynamic authentication and configuration of the key fob with the last vehicle with which it was successfully passively authenticated. | 1. A method for authenticating a remote fob with at least one of a plurality of vehicles comprising:
initiating a passive challenge function in a first vehicle selected from the plurality of vehicles; issuing a vehicle identifier from the body control module of the first vehicle to the remote fob in response to the passive challenge function; issuing a functional transmitter identifier from the remote fob to the body control module of the first vehicle in response to the remote fob receiving the vehicle identifier, wherein the functional transmitter identifier is generated using the vehicle identifier and a stored transmitter identifier of the remote fob; comparing the functional transmitter identifier with at least one authenticated identifier stored in the body control module of the first vehicle; and enabling radio frequency communication between the body control module of the first vehicle and the remote fob when the functional transmitter identifier matches the at least one authenticated identifier. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising exchanging a wakeup command between a body control module in the first vehicle and the remote fob prior to issuing the vehicle identification from the body control module. 3. The method of claim 1 further comprises setting a fleet enable flag in the remote fob to enable generation of the functional transmitter identification in response to the remote fob receiving the vehicle identifier. 4. The method of claim 3 further comprises clearing the fleet enable flag in the remote fob to disable generation of the functional transmitter identification. 5. The method of claim 1 further comprising issuing the vehicle identifier from the body control module of the first vehicle to the remote fob in response to the passive challenge function for a driver's side door function. 6. The method of claim 5 further comprising modifying a synchronization counter stored in the body control module in response to the passive challenge function. 7. The method of claim 1 further comprising storing user data issued from the body control module to a fob memory in the remote fob. 8. The method of claim 7 wherein the user data comprises at least one of an odometer reading from the first vehicle, a vehicle identification number, a key number, and programming event data. 9. The method of claim 1 further comprising calibrating an encrypted fleet secret key into the body control module and programing a decrypted value of the fleet secret key into the remote fob, wherein a unique fleet secret key is provided for the plurality of vehicles. 10. The method of claim 1 further comprises:
initiating a second passive challenge function in a second vehicle selected from the plurality of vehicles;
issuing a vehicle identifier from the body control module of the second vehicle to the remote fob in response to the passive challenge function;
issuing a functional transmitter identifier from the remote fob to the body control module of the second vehicle in response to the remote fob receiving the vehicle identifier, wherein the functional transmitter identifier is generated using the vehicle identifier and a stored transmitter identifier of the remote fob;
comparing the functional transmitter identifier with at least one authenticated identifier stored in the body control module of the second vehicle; and
enabling radio frequency communication between the body control module of the second vehicle and the remote fob when the functional transmitter identifier matches the at least one authenticated identifier. 11. A passive entry, passive start system for at least one of a plurality of vehicles, each vehicle having a body control module operable to execute at least one vehicle function in response to a passive challenge, the system comprising:
a remote fob having circuitry configured to receive a vehicle identifier issued from the body control module of a first vehicle in response to a passive challenge function and issue a functional transmitter identifier to the body control module of the first vehicle, wherein the functional transmitter identifier is generated using the vehicle identifier and a stored transmitter identifier of the remote fob; wherein the functional transmitter identifier is compared with at least one authenticated identifier stored in the body control module of the first vehicle, and radio frequency communication is enable between the body control module of the first vehicle and the remote fob when the functional transmitter identifier matches the at least one authenticated identifier. 12. The passive entry, passive start system of claim 11 wherein the remote fob further comprises memory for storing a fleet enable flag in the remote fob, wherein the functional transmitter identification is generated in response to the remote fob receiving the vehicle identifier when the fleet enable flag is set. 13. The passive entry, passive start system of claim 11 wherein the remote fob further comprises memory for storing user data issued from the body control module to a fob memory in the remote fob. 14. The passive entry, passive start system of claim 13 wherein the user data comprises at least one of an odometer reading from the first vehicle, a vehicle identification number, a key number, and programming event data. 15. The passive entry, passive start system of claim 11 wherein the remote fob further comprises memory for storing a decrypted value of a fleet secret key, wherein a unique fleet secret key is provided for the plurality of vehicles. 16. The passive entry, passive start system of claim 11 wherein the circuitry in remote fob is further configured to receive a vehicle identifier from the body control module of a second vehicle in response to the passive challenge function and a functional transmitter identifier to the body control module of the second vehicle, wherein the functional transmitter identifier is generated using the vehicle identifier and a stored transmitter identifier of the remote fob;
wherein the functional transmitter identifier is compared with at least one authenticated identifier stored in the body control module of the second vehicle, and radio frequency communication is enabled between the body control module of the second vehicle and the remote fob when the functional transmitter identifier matches the at least one authenticated identifier. 17. A passive entry, passive start system including a remote fob operable with a plurality of vehicles to execute at least one active command, each of the plurality of vehicles having a body control module operable to execute at least one vehicle function in response to a passive challenge, the body control module comprising circuitry configured to issue a vehicle identifier from the body control module of a first vehicle to the remote fob in response to a passive challenge function and receive a a functional transmitter identifier from the remote fob, wherein the functional transmitter identifier is generated using the vehicle identifier and a stored transmitter identifier of the remote fob, compared with at least one authenticated identifier stored in the body control module of the first vehicle, a radio frequency communication is enable between the body control module of the first vehicle and the remote fob when the functional transmitter identifier matches the at least one authenticated identifier. 18. The passive entry, passive start system of claim 17 wherein the circuitry is configured to issue the vehicle identifier from the body control module of the first vehicle in response to the passive challenge function for a driver's side door function. 19. The passive entry, passive start system of claim 11 wherein circuitry of the body control module is configured to issue user data for storing in fob memory in the remote fob. 20. The passive entry, passive start system of claim 19 wherein the user data comprises at least one of an odometer reading from the first vehicle, a vehicle identification number, a key number, and programming event data. | Methods and apparatus are provided for configuration a single remote fob to be fully operational with different vehicles such as more than one vehicle within a vehicle fleet. In particular, the method and apparatus implements functional transmitter identification and synchronization to allow for dynamic authentication and configuration of the key fob with the last vehicle with which it was successfully passively authenticated.1. A method for authenticating a remote fob with at least one of a plurality of vehicles comprising:
initiating a passive challenge function in a first vehicle selected from the plurality of vehicles; issuing a vehicle identifier from the body control module of the first vehicle to the remote fob in response to the passive challenge function; issuing a functional transmitter identifier from the remote fob to the body control module of the first vehicle in response to the remote fob receiving the vehicle identifier, wherein the functional transmitter identifier is generated using the vehicle identifier and a stored transmitter identifier of the remote fob; comparing the functional transmitter identifier with at least one authenticated identifier stored in the body control module of the first vehicle; and enabling radio frequency communication between the body control module of the first vehicle and the remote fob when the functional transmitter identifier matches the at least one authenticated identifier. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising exchanging a wakeup command between a body control module in the first vehicle and the remote fob prior to issuing the vehicle identification from the body control module. 3. The method of claim 1 further comprises setting a fleet enable flag in the remote fob to enable generation of the functional transmitter identification in response to the remote fob receiving the vehicle identifier. 4. The method of claim 3 further comprises clearing the fleet enable flag in the remote fob to disable generation of the functional transmitter identification. 5. The method of claim 1 further comprising issuing the vehicle identifier from the body control module of the first vehicle to the remote fob in response to the passive challenge function for a driver's side door function. 6. The method of claim 5 further comprising modifying a synchronization counter stored in the body control module in response to the passive challenge function. 7. The method of claim 1 further comprising storing user data issued from the body control module to a fob memory in the remote fob. 8. The method of claim 7 wherein the user data comprises at least one of an odometer reading from the first vehicle, a vehicle identification number, a key number, and programming event data. 9. The method of claim 1 further comprising calibrating an encrypted fleet secret key into the body control module and programing a decrypted value of the fleet secret key into the remote fob, wherein a unique fleet secret key is provided for the plurality of vehicles. 10. The method of claim 1 further comprises:
initiating a second passive challenge function in a second vehicle selected from the plurality of vehicles;
issuing a vehicle identifier from the body control module of the second vehicle to the remote fob in response to the passive challenge function;
issuing a functional transmitter identifier from the remote fob to the body control module of the second vehicle in response to the remote fob receiving the vehicle identifier, wherein the functional transmitter identifier is generated using the vehicle identifier and a stored transmitter identifier of the remote fob;
comparing the functional transmitter identifier with at least one authenticated identifier stored in the body control module of the second vehicle; and
enabling radio frequency communication between the body control module of the second vehicle and the remote fob when the functional transmitter identifier matches the at least one authenticated identifier. 11. A passive entry, passive start system for at least one of a plurality of vehicles, each vehicle having a body control module operable to execute at least one vehicle function in response to a passive challenge, the system comprising:
a remote fob having circuitry configured to receive a vehicle identifier issued from the body control module of a first vehicle in response to a passive challenge function and issue a functional transmitter identifier to the body control module of the first vehicle, wherein the functional transmitter identifier is generated using the vehicle identifier and a stored transmitter identifier of the remote fob; wherein the functional transmitter identifier is compared with at least one authenticated identifier stored in the body control module of the first vehicle, and radio frequency communication is enable between the body control module of the first vehicle and the remote fob when the functional transmitter identifier matches the at least one authenticated identifier. 12. The passive entry, passive start system of claim 11 wherein the remote fob further comprises memory for storing a fleet enable flag in the remote fob, wherein the functional transmitter identification is generated in response to the remote fob receiving the vehicle identifier when the fleet enable flag is set. 13. The passive entry, passive start system of claim 11 wherein the remote fob further comprises memory for storing user data issued from the body control module to a fob memory in the remote fob. 14. The passive entry, passive start system of claim 13 wherein the user data comprises at least one of an odometer reading from the first vehicle, a vehicle identification number, a key number, and programming event data. 15. The passive entry, passive start system of claim 11 wherein the remote fob further comprises memory for storing a decrypted value of a fleet secret key, wherein a unique fleet secret key is provided for the plurality of vehicles. 16. The passive entry, passive start system of claim 11 wherein the circuitry in remote fob is further configured to receive a vehicle identifier from the body control module of a second vehicle in response to the passive challenge function and a functional transmitter identifier to the body control module of the second vehicle, wherein the functional transmitter identifier is generated using the vehicle identifier and a stored transmitter identifier of the remote fob;
wherein the functional transmitter identifier is compared with at least one authenticated identifier stored in the body control module of the second vehicle, and radio frequency communication is enabled between the body control module of the second vehicle and the remote fob when the functional transmitter identifier matches the at least one authenticated identifier. 17. A passive entry, passive start system including a remote fob operable with a plurality of vehicles to execute at least one active command, each of the plurality of vehicles having a body control module operable to execute at least one vehicle function in response to a passive challenge, the body control module comprising circuitry configured to issue a vehicle identifier from the body control module of a first vehicle to the remote fob in response to a passive challenge function and receive a a functional transmitter identifier from the remote fob, wherein the functional transmitter identifier is generated using the vehicle identifier and a stored transmitter identifier of the remote fob, compared with at least one authenticated identifier stored in the body control module of the first vehicle, a radio frequency communication is enable between the body control module of the first vehicle and the remote fob when the functional transmitter identifier matches the at least one authenticated identifier. 18. The passive entry, passive start system of claim 17 wherein the circuitry is configured to issue the vehicle identifier from the body control module of the first vehicle in response to the passive challenge function for a driver's side door function. 19. The passive entry, passive start system of claim 11 wherein circuitry of the body control module is configured to issue user data for storing in fob memory in the remote fob. 20. The passive entry, passive start system of claim 19 wherein the user data comprises at least one of an odometer reading from the first vehicle, a vehicle identification number, a key number, and programming event data. | 2,600 |
9,593 | 9,593 | 14,762,908 | 2,663 | An apparatus for processing of medical images comprises a ( 101 ) receiver for receiving a an image representing characteristics of a part of a human or animal body. The image may for example be a magnetic resonance or computer tomography image. A signature unit ( 103 ) determines an image associated set of signatures from the first image. A sample store ( 109 ) comprises a data base in the form of a set of samples where each sample comprises a sample associated set of signatures and medical data. A matching unit ( 105 ) determines a set of matching samples from the set of samples in response to a comparison of the image associated set of signatures to the sample associated sets of signatures of the set of samples. A decision unit ( 111 ) then determines medical data for the image in response to the medical data comprised in the samples of the set of matching samples. | 1. An apparatus for determining medical data for an image, the apparatus comprising:
a receiver configured to receive the image which represents characteristics of a part of a human or animal body; a signature unit configured to determine an image associated set of signatures from the image; a sample store configured to store a set of samples, each sample comprising a sample associated set of signatures and the medical data; a matching unit configured to determine a set of matching samples based on a comparison between the image associated set of signatures and the sample associated set of signatures; and a decision unit configured to determine the medical data for the image based on the set of matching samples. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least some signatures of the image associated set of signatures are local signatures which represent local image information. 3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the signature unit is configured to divide the image into a plurality of image segments, and wherein the signature unit comprises a processor having a plurality of processing elements, each of which is configured to process a subset of the image segments to determine the local signatures for the image segments. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein a division into image segments is not dependent on image properties of the image. 5. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the signature unit is further configured to determine an image segment size for the image segments in response to image properties of the first image. 6.-10. (canceled) 11. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
an image object detector configured to detect at least one image object in the image; and wherein the signature unit is configured to determine at least one signature of the image associated set of signatures in response to a property of the image object. 12. (canceled) 13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the at least one signature is determined in response to a moment of the image object. 14. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising:
an image object detector for detecting at least one image object in the first image; and wherein the signature unit is arranged to determine at least one signature of the image associated set of signatures in response to a property of the image object, wherein the signature unit is configured to determine at least one signature of the image associated set of signatures in response to a comparison of the property to a reference. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the signature unit is configured to determine at least one signature in response to a statistical deviation of an image property relative to a reference property for a plurality of image objects. 16.-19. (canceled) 20. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the signature unit is configured to detect image objects meeting a criterion, at least one signature of the image associated set of signatures is generated in response to a local density variation of the image objects meeting the criterion. 21-23. (canceled) 24. A method of determining medical data for an image, the method comprising:
receiving an image representing characteristics of a part of a human or animal body; determining an image associated set of signatures from the image; providing a set of samples, each sample comprising a sample associated set of signatures and the medical data; determining a set of matching samples based on a comparison between the image associated set of signatures and the sample associated sets of signatures; and determining the medical data for the image based on the medical data associated with the set of matching samples. 25. (canceled) 26. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is configured to use the medical data determined in response to the medical data comprised in the samples to further process the image. 27. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the decision unit is configured to collate samples, such that the samples corresponding to a same diagnosis are combined. 28. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the signature unit is arranged to divide the image into a plurality of image segments and to determine the signature for each segment as the number of image objects within the segment; and the matching unit is configured to identify samples from the set of samples which have similar spatial distributions of signatures across the image. 29. The method of claim 24, comprising using the medical data determined in response to the medical data comprised in the samples to further process the image. 30. The method of claim 24, comprising collating samples, such that the samples corresponding to a same diagnosis are combined. 31. The method of claim 24, wherein at least some signatures of the image associated set of signatures are local signatures representing local image information, the method further comprising:
dividing the image into a plurality of image segments; determining the signature for each segment as the number of image objects within the segment and; identifying samples from the set of samples which have similar spatial distributions of signatures across the image. 32. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having one or more executable instructions stored thereon, which when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform a method for determining medical data for an image, the method comprising:
receiving an image representing characteristics of a part of a human or animal body; determining an image associated set of signatures from the image; providing a set of samples, each sample comprising a sample associated set of signatures and the medical data; determining a set of matching samples based on a comparison between the image associated set of signatures and the sample associated sets of signatures; and determining the medical data for the image based on the medical data associated with the set of matching samples. | An apparatus for processing of medical images comprises a ( 101 ) receiver for receiving a an image representing characteristics of a part of a human or animal body. The image may for example be a magnetic resonance or computer tomography image. A signature unit ( 103 ) determines an image associated set of signatures from the first image. A sample store ( 109 ) comprises a data base in the form of a set of samples where each sample comprises a sample associated set of signatures and medical data. A matching unit ( 105 ) determines a set of matching samples from the set of samples in response to a comparison of the image associated set of signatures to the sample associated sets of signatures of the set of samples. A decision unit ( 111 ) then determines medical data for the image in response to the medical data comprised in the samples of the set of matching samples.1. An apparatus for determining medical data for an image, the apparatus comprising:
a receiver configured to receive the image which represents characteristics of a part of a human or animal body; a signature unit configured to determine an image associated set of signatures from the image; a sample store configured to store a set of samples, each sample comprising a sample associated set of signatures and the medical data; a matching unit configured to determine a set of matching samples based on a comparison between the image associated set of signatures and the sample associated set of signatures; and a decision unit configured to determine the medical data for the image based on the set of matching samples. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least some signatures of the image associated set of signatures are local signatures which represent local image information. 3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the signature unit is configured to divide the image into a plurality of image segments, and wherein the signature unit comprises a processor having a plurality of processing elements, each of which is configured to process a subset of the image segments to determine the local signatures for the image segments. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein a division into image segments is not dependent on image properties of the image. 5. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the signature unit is further configured to determine an image segment size for the image segments in response to image properties of the first image. 6.-10. (canceled) 11. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
an image object detector configured to detect at least one image object in the image; and wherein the signature unit is configured to determine at least one signature of the image associated set of signatures in response to a property of the image object. 12. (canceled) 13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the at least one signature is determined in response to a moment of the image object. 14. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising:
an image object detector for detecting at least one image object in the first image; and wherein the signature unit is arranged to determine at least one signature of the image associated set of signatures in response to a property of the image object, wherein the signature unit is configured to determine at least one signature of the image associated set of signatures in response to a comparison of the property to a reference. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the signature unit is configured to determine at least one signature in response to a statistical deviation of an image property relative to a reference property for a plurality of image objects. 16.-19. (canceled) 20. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the signature unit is configured to detect image objects meeting a criterion, at least one signature of the image associated set of signatures is generated in response to a local density variation of the image objects meeting the criterion. 21-23. (canceled) 24. A method of determining medical data for an image, the method comprising:
receiving an image representing characteristics of a part of a human or animal body; determining an image associated set of signatures from the image; providing a set of samples, each sample comprising a sample associated set of signatures and the medical data; determining a set of matching samples based on a comparison between the image associated set of signatures and the sample associated sets of signatures; and determining the medical data for the image based on the medical data associated with the set of matching samples. 25. (canceled) 26. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is configured to use the medical data determined in response to the medical data comprised in the samples to further process the image. 27. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the decision unit is configured to collate samples, such that the samples corresponding to a same diagnosis are combined. 28. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the signature unit is arranged to divide the image into a plurality of image segments and to determine the signature for each segment as the number of image objects within the segment; and the matching unit is configured to identify samples from the set of samples which have similar spatial distributions of signatures across the image. 29. The method of claim 24, comprising using the medical data determined in response to the medical data comprised in the samples to further process the image. 30. The method of claim 24, comprising collating samples, such that the samples corresponding to a same diagnosis are combined. 31. The method of claim 24, wherein at least some signatures of the image associated set of signatures are local signatures representing local image information, the method further comprising:
dividing the image into a plurality of image segments; determining the signature for each segment as the number of image objects within the segment and; identifying samples from the set of samples which have similar spatial distributions of signatures across the image. 32. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having one or more executable instructions stored thereon, which when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform a method for determining medical data for an image, the method comprising:
receiving an image representing characteristics of a part of a human or animal body; determining an image associated set of signatures from the image; providing a set of samples, each sample comprising a sample associated set of signatures and the medical data; determining a set of matching samples based on a comparison between the image associated set of signatures and the sample associated sets of signatures; and determining the medical data for the image based on the medical data associated with the set of matching samples. | 2,600 |
9,594 | 9,594 | 14,612,743 | 2,628 | Example methods and systems for determining correlated movements associated with movements caused by driving a vehicle are provided. In an example, a computer-implemented method includes identifying a threshold number of sets of correlated movements. The method further includes determining that the threshold number of sets of correlated movements is associated with movements caused by driving a vehicle. The method still further includes causing the wearable computing system to select a driving user interface for the wearable computing system. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A computer-implemented method comprising:
at least one sensor integral to a wearable computing system detecting a plurality of movements; identifying a threshold number of sets of correlated movements; determining that the threshold number of sets of correlated movements are associated with movements caused by driving a vehicle; and in response to determining that the threshold number of sets of correlated movements are associated with movements caused by driving the vehicle, causing the wearable computing system to select a driving user interface for the wearable computing system. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein causing the wearable computing system to select a driving user interface for the wearable computing system comprises:
hooking into a vehicle telemetry of the vehicle in order to access vehicle information selected from the group consisting of speedometer information, tachometer information, and vehicle-lights information; and displaying the accessed vehicle information in a display of the wearable computing system. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the driving user interface for the wearable computing system is an interface that assists a driver with driving the vehicle. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the driving user interface comprises a map displayed in a display of the wearable computing system. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the driving user interface is an interface that minimizes or eliminates distractions to a driver. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the driving user interface comprises a turned-off display of the wearable computing system. 27. The method of claim 21, wherein causing the wearable computing system to select a driving user interface for the wearable computing system comprises providing auditory cues for information that would typically be displayed in the wearable-computing-system display. 28. The method of claim 21, wherein causing the wearable computing system to select a driving user interface for the wearable computing system comprises:
selecting at least one communication setting appropriate for a driver, wherein the at least one communication setting is selected from the group consisting of a setting that disables text messaging, a setting that sends incoming phone calls directly to voicemail, and a setting that prevents at least some outgoing and incoming phone calls. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the at least some outgoing and incoming phone calls comprise phone calls aside from emergency phone calls. 30. The method of claim 21, wherein causing the wearable computing system to select a driving user interface for the wearable computing system comprises:
disabling internet applications that would require active input from a driver. 31. A non-transitory computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon that, in response to execution by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations, the instructions comprising:
instructions for identifying a threshold number of sets of correlated movements; instructions for determining that the threshold number of sets of correlated movements are associated with movements caused by driving a vehicle; and instructions for, in response to determining that the threshold number of sets of correlated movements are associated with movements caused by driving the vehicle, causing the wearable computing system to select a driving user interface for the wearable computing system. 32. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 31, wherein
causing the wearable computing system to select a driving user interface for the wearable computing system comprises: hooking into a vehicle telemetry of the vehicle in order to access vehicle information selected from the group consisting of speedometer information, tachometer information, and vehicle-lights information; and displaying the accessed vehicle information in a display of the wearable computing system. 33. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 31, wherein causing the wearable computing system to select a driving user interface for the wearable computing system comprises:
selecting at least one communication setting appropriate for a driver, wherein the at least one communication setting is selected from the group consisting of a setting that disables text messaging, a setting that sends incoming phone calls directly to voicemail, and a setting that prevents at least some outgoing and incoming phone calls. 34. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 33, wherein the at least some outgoing and incoming phone calls comprise phone calls aside from emergency phone calls. 35. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 31, wherein causing the wearable computing system to select a driving user interface for the wearable computing system comprises:
disabling internet applications that would require active input from a driver. 36. A wearable computing system comprising:
a head-mounted display, wherein the head-mounted display is configured to display computer-generated information and allow visual perception of a real-world environment; and a controller, wherein the controller is configured to:
(a) identify a threshold number of sets of correlated movements;
(b) determine that the threshold number of sets of correlated movements are associated with movements caused by driving a vehicle; and
(c) in response to determining that the threshold number of sets of correlated movements are associated with movements caused by driving the vehicle, cause the wearable computing system to select a driving user interface for the wearable computing system. 37. The wearable computing system of claim 36, wherein causing the wearable computing system to select a driving user interface for the wearable computing system comprises:
selecting at least one communication setting appropriate for a driver, wherein the at least one communication setting is selected from the group consisting of a setting that disables text messaging, a setting that sends incoming phone calls directly to voicemail, and a setting that prevents at least some outgoing and incoming phone calls. 38. The wearable computing system of claim 36, wherein the controller comprises a movement-detection system. 39. The wearable computing system of claim 38, wherein the movement-detection system comprises a sensor configured to be disposed on a wrist of a driver of the vehicle. 40. The wearable computing system of claim 36, wherein wearable computing system of claim is configured to link up with the controller-area network (CAN) bus of the vehicle. | Example methods and systems for determining correlated movements associated with movements caused by driving a vehicle are provided. In an example, a computer-implemented method includes identifying a threshold number of sets of correlated movements. The method further includes determining that the threshold number of sets of correlated movements is associated with movements caused by driving a vehicle. The method still further includes causing the wearable computing system to select a driving user interface for the wearable computing system.1-20. (canceled) 21. A computer-implemented method comprising:
at least one sensor integral to a wearable computing system detecting a plurality of movements; identifying a threshold number of sets of correlated movements; determining that the threshold number of sets of correlated movements are associated with movements caused by driving a vehicle; and in response to determining that the threshold number of sets of correlated movements are associated with movements caused by driving the vehicle, causing the wearable computing system to select a driving user interface for the wearable computing system. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein causing the wearable computing system to select a driving user interface for the wearable computing system comprises:
hooking into a vehicle telemetry of the vehicle in order to access vehicle information selected from the group consisting of speedometer information, tachometer information, and vehicle-lights information; and displaying the accessed vehicle information in a display of the wearable computing system. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the driving user interface for the wearable computing system is an interface that assists a driver with driving the vehicle. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the driving user interface comprises a map displayed in a display of the wearable computing system. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the driving user interface is an interface that minimizes or eliminates distractions to a driver. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the driving user interface comprises a turned-off display of the wearable computing system. 27. The method of claim 21, wherein causing the wearable computing system to select a driving user interface for the wearable computing system comprises providing auditory cues for information that would typically be displayed in the wearable-computing-system display. 28. The method of claim 21, wherein causing the wearable computing system to select a driving user interface for the wearable computing system comprises:
selecting at least one communication setting appropriate for a driver, wherein the at least one communication setting is selected from the group consisting of a setting that disables text messaging, a setting that sends incoming phone calls directly to voicemail, and a setting that prevents at least some outgoing and incoming phone calls. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the at least some outgoing and incoming phone calls comprise phone calls aside from emergency phone calls. 30. The method of claim 21, wherein causing the wearable computing system to select a driving user interface for the wearable computing system comprises:
disabling internet applications that would require active input from a driver. 31. A non-transitory computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon that, in response to execution by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations, the instructions comprising:
instructions for identifying a threshold number of sets of correlated movements; instructions for determining that the threshold number of sets of correlated movements are associated with movements caused by driving a vehicle; and instructions for, in response to determining that the threshold number of sets of correlated movements are associated with movements caused by driving the vehicle, causing the wearable computing system to select a driving user interface for the wearable computing system. 32. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 31, wherein
causing the wearable computing system to select a driving user interface for the wearable computing system comprises: hooking into a vehicle telemetry of the vehicle in order to access vehicle information selected from the group consisting of speedometer information, tachometer information, and vehicle-lights information; and displaying the accessed vehicle information in a display of the wearable computing system. 33. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 31, wherein causing the wearable computing system to select a driving user interface for the wearable computing system comprises:
selecting at least one communication setting appropriate for a driver, wherein the at least one communication setting is selected from the group consisting of a setting that disables text messaging, a setting that sends incoming phone calls directly to voicemail, and a setting that prevents at least some outgoing and incoming phone calls. 34. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 33, wherein the at least some outgoing and incoming phone calls comprise phone calls aside from emergency phone calls. 35. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 31, wherein causing the wearable computing system to select a driving user interface for the wearable computing system comprises:
disabling internet applications that would require active input from a driver. 36. A wearable computing system comprising:
a head-mounted display, wherein the head-mounted display is configured to display computer-generated information and allow visual perception of a real-world environment; and a controller, wherein the controller is configured to:
(a) identify a threshold number of sets of correlated movements;
(b) determine that the threshold number of sets of correlated movements are associated with movements caused by driving a vehicle; and
(c) in response to determining that the threshold number of sets of correlated movements are associated with movements caused by driving the vehicle, cause the wearable computing system to select a driving user interface for the wearable computing system. 37. The wearable computing system of claim 36, wherein causing the wearable computing system to select a driving user interface for the wearable computing system comprises:
selecting at least one communication setting appropriate for a driver, wherein the at least one communication setting is selected from the group consisting of a setting that disables text messaging, a setting that sends incoming phone calls directly to voicemail, and a setting that prevents at least some outgoing and incoming phone calls. 38. The wearable computing system of claim 36, wherein the controller comprises a movement-detection system. 39. The wearable computing system of claim 38, wherein the movement-detection system comprises a sensor configured to be disposed on a wrist of a driver of the vehicle. 40. The wearable computing system of claim 36, wherein wearable computing system of claim is configured to link up with the controller-area network (CAN) bus of the vehicle. | 2,600 |
9,595 | 9,595 | 15,002,066 | 2,645 | Values may be tracked from wireless sensors of a vehicle indicative of distance between the mobile device and the sensors. When the values over time indicate approach and then departure of the device to a first side of the vehicle and consistent approach of the device to a second side of the vehicle, the device may be associated with a seating zone of an identified closest pair of the sensors. Wireless sensors may be proximate to entrances to a vehicle. The vehicle may track values from the sensors indicative of distance between a mobile device and the sensors; calculate pair values as sums of the values received from pairs of the sensors proximate vehicle entrances; and identify one of the entrances through which the mobile device passed according to the pair value with a minimum value closest to a distance between the pair of the sensors. | 1. A system comprising:
a mobile device having a wireless transceiver and programmed to
track values, from vehicle wireless sensors, indicative of distance between the wireless transceiver and the sensors; and
when the values indicate approach and then departure of the device from a vehicle first side and consistent approach of the device to a vehicle second side, associate the device with a seating zone of an identified closest pair of the sensors. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the seating zone is a driver seating zone, and the mobile device is further programmed to identify the mobile device to the vehicle as being located within the driver seating zone. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the mobile device is further programmed to, when the values over time indicate approach and then departure of the device from the first side of the vehicle and consistent departure of the device from the second side of the vehicle, remove association of the device with the seating zone. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the wireless sensors of the vehicle advertise as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) peripherals, and the mobile device is programmed to scan for BLE peripherals as a BLE central to identify the wireless sensors. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the mobile device is further programmed to:
receive information including vehicle side and front-to-back ordering of the wireless sensors from the wireless sensors; and identify the pairs of the wireless sensors as adjacent wireless sensors on a same vehicle side according to the information. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the mobile device is further programmed to:
determine distances between the wireless sensors of the vehicle and the mobile device based on information received from the wireless sensors; and use the distances to confirm passage of the mobile device between the identified closest pair of the sensors. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the values from the wireless sensors include signal strength values. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the values from the wireless sensors include distance measures. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the wireless sensors include a first wireless sensor located on a driver side of the vehicle in front of a first driver-side door, a second wireless sensor located on the driver side of the vehicle between the first driver-side door and a second driver-side door, a third wireless sensor located on the driver side of the vehicle behind the second driver-side door, a fourth wireless sensor located on a passenger side of the vehicle in front of a first passenger-side door, a fifth wireless sensor located on the passenger side of the vehicle between the first passenger-side door and a second passenger-side door, and a sixth wireless sensor located on the passenger side of the vehicle behind the second passenger-side door. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the mobile device is further programmed to identify a first pair as the first and the second of the wireless sensors, identify a second pair as the second and the third of the wireless sensors, identify a third pair as the fourth and the fifth of the wireless sensors, and identify a fourth pair as the fifth and the sixth of the wireless sensors. 11. A system comprising:
wireless sensors of a vehicle; and a vehicle processor programmed to
track values from the sensors indicative of distance between a mobile device and the sensors;
calculate pair values as sums of the values received from pairs of the sensors proximate vehicle entrances; and
identify one of the entrances through which the mobile device passed according to the pair value with a minimum value closest to a distance between the pair of the sensors. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor is further programmed to identify the mobile device to the vehicle as being located within a driver seating zone when the one of the entrances through which the mobile device entered the vehicle is identified as being a front-most driver-side door. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor is further programmed to, when the pair values for a first side of the vehicle indicate an approach of the device to and then a departure of the device from the first side of the vehicle and the pair values for a second side of the vehicle indicate consistent approach of the device to the second side of the vehicle, identify the mobile device as having entered the vehicle. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor is further programmed to, when the pair values for a first side of the vehicle indicate an approach of the device to and then a departure of the device from the first side of the vehicle and the pair values for a second side of the vehicle indicate consistent departure of the device from the second side of the vehicle, identify the mobile device as having exited the vehicle. 15. A method comprising:
associating, by a vehicle processor, a mobile device with a vehicle entrance proximate a pair of wireless vehicle sensors based on sensor values received from the pair of sensors having a smallest summed distance minimum value over a predetermined time period relative to summed values received from other sensor pairs. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the vehicle entrance is an entrance to a driver seating zone, and further comprising identifying the mobile device to the vehicle as being located within the driver seating zone. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising, when the values over time indicate approach and then departure of the device from a first side of the vehicle and consistent approach of the device to a second side of the vehicle, identify the mobile device as having entered the vehicle. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising, when the values over time indicate approach and then departure of the device from a first side of the vehicle and consistent departure of the device from a second side of the vehicle, removing association of the device with the seating zone. 19. The method of claim 15, further comprising, confirming the vehicle entrance through which the mobile device entered the vehicle according to whether a minimum value of a sum of values from wireless sensors surrounding the vehicle entrance approaches a distance value corresponding to the distance between the wireless sensors surrounding the vehicle entrance. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the values from the wireless sensors include one or more of signal strength values or distance measures. | Values may be tracked from wireless sensors of a vehicle indicative of distance between the mobile device and the sensors. When the values over time indicate approach and then departure of the device to a first side of the vehicle and consistent approach of the device to a second side of the vehicle, the device may be associated with a seating zone of an identified closest pair of the sensors. Wireless sensors may be proximate to entrances to a vehicle. The vehicle may track values from the sensors indicative of distance between a mobile device and the sensors; calculate pair values as sums of the values received from pairs of the sensors proximate vehicle entrances; and identify one of the entrances through which the mobile device passed according to the pair value with a minimum value closest to a distance between the pair of the sensors.1. A system comprising:
a mobile device having a wireless transceiver and programmed to
track values, from vehicle wireless sensors, indicative of distance between the wireless transceiver and the sensors; and
when the values indicate approach and then departure of the device from a vehicle first side and consistent approach of the device to a vehicle second side, associate the device with a seating zone of an identified closest pair of the sensors. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the seating zone is a driver seating zone, and the mobile device is further programmed to identify the mobile device to the vehicle as being located within the driver seating zone. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the mobile device is further programmed to, when the values over time indicate approach and then departure of the device from the first side of the vehicle and consistent departure of the device from the second side of the vehicle, remove association of the device with the seating zone. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the wireless sensors of the vehicle advertise as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) peripherals, and the mobile device is programmed to scan for BLE peripherals as a BLE central to identify the wireless sensors. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the mobile device is further programmed to:
receive information including vehicle side and front-to-back ordering of the wireless sensors from the wireless sensors; and identify the pairs of the wireless sensors as adjacent wireless sensors on a same vehicle side according to the information. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the mobile device is further programmed to:
determine distances between the wireless sensors of the vehicle and the mobile device based on information received from the wireless sensors; and use the distances to confirm passage of the mobile device between the identified closest pair of the sensors. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the values from the wireless sensors include signal strength values. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the values from the wireless sensors include distance measures. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the wireless sensors include a first wireless sensor located on a driver side of the vehicle in front of a first driver-side door, a second wireless sensor located on the driver side of the vehicle between the first driver-side door and a second driver-side door, a third wireless sensor located on the driver side of the vehicle behind the second driver-side door, a fourth wireless sensor located on a passenger side of the vehicle in front of a first passenger-side door, a fifth wireless sensor located on the passenger side of the vehicle between the first passenger-side door and a second passenger-side door, and a sixth wireless sensor located on the passenger side of the vehicle behind the second passenger-side door. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the mobile device is further programmed to identify a first pair as the first and the second of the wireless sensors, identify a second pair as the second and the third of the wireless sensors, identify a third pair as the fourth and the fifth of the wireless sensors, and identify a fourth pair as the fifth and the sixth of the wireless sensors. 11. A system comprising:
wireless sensors of a vehicle; and a vehicle processor programmed to
track values from the sensors indicative of distance between a mobile device and the sensors;
calculate pair values as sums of the values received from pairs of the sensors proximate vehicle entrances; and
identify one of the entrances through which the mobile device passed according to the pair value with a minimum value closest to a distance between the pair of the sensors. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor is further programmed to identify the mobile device to the vehicle as being located within a driver seating zone when the one of the entrances through which the mobile device entered the vehicle is identified as being a front-most driver-side door. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor is further programmed to, when the pair values for a first side of the vehicle indicate an approach of the device to and then a departure of the device from the first side of the vehicle and the pair values for a second side of the vehicle indicate consistent approach of the device to the second side of the vehicle, identify the mobile device as having entered the vehicle. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor is further programmed to, when the pair values for a first side of the vehicle indicate an approach of the device to and then a departure of the device from the first side of the vehicle and the pair values for a second side of the vehicle indicate consistent departure of the device from the second side of the vehicle, identify the mobile device as having exited the vehicle. 15. A method comprising:
associating, by a vehicle processor, a mobile device with a vehicle entrance proximate a pair of wireless vehicle sensors based on sensor values received from the pair of sensors having a smallest summed distance minimum value over a predetermined time period relative to summed values received from other sensor pairs. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the vehicle entrance is an entrance to a driver seating zone, and further comprising identifying the mobile device to the vehicle as being located within the driver seating zone. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising, when the values over time indicate approach and then departure of the device from a first side of the vehicle and consistent approach of the device to a second side of the vehicle, identify the mobile device as having entered the vehicle. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising, when the values over time indicate approach and then departure of the device from a first side of the vehicle and consistent departure of the device from a second side of the vehicle, removing association of the device with the seating zone. 19. The method of claim 15, further comprising, confirming the vehicle entrance through which the mobile device entered the vehicle according to whether a minimum value of a sum of values from wireless sensors surrounding the vehicle entrance approaches a distance value corresponding to the distance between the wireless sensors surrounding the vehicle entrance. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the values from the wireless sensors include one or more of signal strength values or distance measures. | 2,600 |
9,596 | 9,596 | 14,990,540 | 2,659 | Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for receiving a plurality of word strings in a first language, each received word string comprising a plurality of words, identifying one or more named entities in each received word string using a statistical classifier that was trained using training data comprising a plurality of features, wherein one of the features is a word shape feature that comprises a respective token for each letter of a respective word wherein each token signifies a case of the letter or whether the letter is a digit, and translating the received word strings from the first language to a second language including preserving the respective identified named entities in each received word string during translation. | 1. A method comprising
performing by one or more computers:
training a statistical classifier to identify named entities using training data comprising a plurality of features, wherein one of the features is a word shape feature that comprises a respective token for each letter of a respective word, the respective token indicating that each letter of the respective word is one of an upper case letter, a lower case letter, and a digit;
receiving a plurality of word strings in a first language, each received word string comprising a plurality of words;
identifying at least one named entity in each received word string using the trained statistical classifier; and
translating the received word strings from the first language to a second language, wherein translating comprises preserving the identified at least one named entity in the first language. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein translating the received word strings from the first language to a second language comprises:
for a particular received word string:
selecting a respective template in the first language, the respective template comprising one or more placeholders for the identified named entities and having a corresponding translated template in the second language that preserves the placeholders; and
translating the particular received word string by substituting its identified named entities in the placeholders in the corresponding translated template in the second language. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the respective template in the first language further comprises words in the first language that are translated, according to a dictionary, to words in the second language in the corresponding translated template. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein the dictionary comprises:
words in the first language; and
one or more words in the second language corresponding to each of the words in the first language. 5. The method of claim 2 wherein the respective template in the first language further comprises a particular word which count in the particular received word string exceeds a specified threshold. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein a particular named entity comprises one or more proper nouns. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein the plurality of features further comprises one or more of the following features: a prefix, a suffix, a part-of-speech tag, and a word type. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the word type feature of a particular word describes whether the word shape feature of the particular word comprises tokens of a same type. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein a particular feature is identified with an n-gram within an m-length window, wherein m is greater than n. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein the statistical classifier is specific to the first language. 11. The method of claim 1 wherein the statistical classifier comprises a conditional random field classifier that is configured to identify at least one named entity in a word string. 12. A system comprising
one or more computers programmed to perform operations comprising:
training a statistical classifier to identify named entities using training data comprising a plurality of features, wherein one of the features is a word shape feature that comprises a respective token for each letter of a respective word, the respective token indicating that each letter of the respective word is one of an upper case letter, a lower case letter, and a digit;
receiving a plurality of word strings in a first language, each received word string comprising a plurality of words;
identifying at least one named entity in each received word string using the trained statistical classifier; and
translating the received word strings from the first language to a second language, wherein translating comprises preserving the identified at least one named entity in the first language. 13. The system of claim 12 wherein translating the received word strings from the first language to a second language comprises:
for a particular received word string:
selecting a respective template in the first language, the respective template comprising one or more placeholders for the identified named entities and having a corresponding translated template in the second language that preserves the placeholders; and
translating the particular received word string by substituting its identified named entities in the placeholders in the corresponding translated template in the second language. 14. The system of claim 13 wherein the respective template in the first language further comprises words in the first language that are translated, according to a dictionary, to words in the second language in the corresponding translated template. 15. The system of claim 14 wherein the dictionary comprises:
words in the first language; and
one or more words in the second language corresponding to each of the words in the first language. 16. The system of claim 13 wherein the respective template in the first language further comprises a particular word which count in the particular received word string exceeds a specified threshold. 17. The system of claim 12, wherein a particular named entity comprises one or more proper nouns. 18. The system of claim 12 wherein the plurality of features further comprises one or more of the following features: a prefix, a suffix, a part-of-speech tag, and a word type. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the word type feature of a particular word describes whether the word shape feature of the particular word comprises tokens of a same type. 20. The system of claim 12 wherein a particular feature is identified with an n-gram within an m-length window, wherein m is greater than n. 21. The system of claim 12 wherein the statistical classifier is specific to the first language. 22. The system of claim 1 wherein the statistical classifier comprises a conditional random field classifier that is configured to identify at least one named entity in a word string. 23. A storage device having instructions stored thereon that when executed by one or more computers perform operations comprising:
training a statistical classifier to identify named entities using training data comprising a plurality of features, wherein one of the features is a word shape feature that comprises a respective token for each letter of a respective word, the respective token indicating that each letter of the respective word is one of an upper case letter, a lower case letter, and a digit; receiving a plurality of word strings in a first language, each received word string comprising a plurality of words; identifying at least one named entity in each received word string using the trained statistical classifier; and translating the received word strings from the first language to a second language, wherein translating comprises preserving the identified at least one named entity in the first language. 24. The storage device of claim 23 wherein translating the received word strings from the first language to a second language comprises:
for a particular received word string:
selecting a respective template in the first language, the respective template comprising one or more placeholders for the identified named entities and having a corresponding translated template in the second language that preserves the placeholders; and
translating the particular received word string by substituting its identified named entities in the placeholders in the corresponding translated template in the second language. 25. The storage device of claim 24 wherein the respective template in the first language further comprises words in the first language that are translated, according to a dictionary, to words in the second language in the corresponding translated template. 26. The storage device of claim 25 wherein the dictionary comprises:
words in the first language; and
one or more words in the second language corresponding to each of the words in the first language. 27. The storage device of claim 24 wherein the respective template in the first language further comprises a particular word which count in the particular received word string exceeds a specified threshold. 28. The storage device of claim 23, wherein a particular named entity comprises one or more proper nouns. 29. The storage device of claim 23 wherein the plurality of features further comprises one or more of the following features: a prefix, a suffix, a part-of-speech tag, and a word type. 30. The storage device of claim 29, wherein the word type feature of a particular word describes whether the word shape feature of the particular word comprises tokens of a same type. | Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for receiving a plurality of word strings in a first language, each received word string comprising a plurality of words, identifying one or more named entities in each received word string using a statistical classifier that was trained using training data comprising a plurality of features, wherein one of the features is a word shape feature that comprises a respective token for each letter of a respective word wherein each token signifies a case of the letter or whether the letter is a digit, and translating the received word strings from the first language to a second language including preserving the respective identified named entities in each received word string during translation.1. A method comprising
performing by one or more computers:
training a statistical classifier to identify named entities using training data comprising a plurality of features, wherein one of the features is a word shape feature that comprises a respective token for each letter of a respective word, the respective token indicating that each letter of the respective word is one of an upper case letter, a lower case letter, and a digit;
receiving a plurality of word strings in a first language, each received word string comprising a plurality of words;
identifying at least one named entity in each received word string using the trained statistical classifier; and
translating the received word strings from the first language to a second language, wherein translating comprises preserving the identified at least one named entity in the first language. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein translating the received word strings from the first language to a second language comprises:
for a particular received word string:
selecting a respective template in the first language, the respective template comprising one or more placeholders for the identified named entities and having a corresponding translated template in the second language that preserves the placeholders; and
translating the particular received word string by substituting its identified named entities in the placeholders in the corresponding translated template in the second language. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the respective template in the first language further comprises words in the first language that are translated, according to a dictionary, to words in the second language in the corresponding translated template. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein the dictionary comprises:
words in the first language; and
one or more words in the second language corresponding to each of the words in the first language. 5. The method of claim 2 wherein the respective template in the first language further comprises a particular word which count in the particular received word string exceeds a specified threshold. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein a particular named entity comprises one or more proper nouns. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein the plurality of features further comprises one or more of the following features: a prefix, a suffix, a part-of-speech tag, and a word type. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the word type feature of a particular word describes whether the word shape feature of the particular word comprises tokens of a same type. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein a particular feature is identified with an n-gram within an m-length window, wherein m is greater than n. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein the statistical classifier is specific to the first language. 11. The method of claim 1 wherein the statistical classifier comprises a conditional random field classifier that is configured to identify at least one named entity in a word string. 12. A system comprising
one or more computers programmed to perform operations comprising:
training a statistical classifier to identify named entities using training data comprising a plurality of features, wherein one of the features is a word shape feature that comprises a respective token for each letter of a respective word, the respective token indicating that each letter of the respective word is one of an upper case letter, a lower case letter, and a digit;
receiving a plurality of word strings in a first language, each received word string comprising a plurality of words;
identifying at least one named entity in each received word string using the trained statistical classifier; and
translating the received word strings from the first language to a second language, wherein translating comprises preserving the identified at least one named entity in the first language. 13. The system of claim 12 wherein translating the received word strings from the first language to a second language comprises:
for a particular received word string:
selecting a respective template in the first language, the respective template comprising one or more placeholders for the identified named entities and having a corresponding translated template in the second language that preserves the placeholders; and
translating the particular received word string by substituting its identified named entities in the placeholders in the corresponding translated template in the second language. 14. The system of claim 13 wherein the respective template in the first language further comprises words in the first language that are translated, according to a dictionary, to words in the second language in the corresponding translated template. 15. The system of claim 14 wherein the dictionary comprises:
words in the first language; and
one or more words in the second language corresponding to each of the words in the first language. 16. The system of claim 13 wherein the respective template in the first language further comprises a particular word which count in the particular received word string exceeds a specified threshold. 17. The system of claim 12, wherein a particular named entity comprises one or more proper nouns. 18. The system of claim 12 wherein the plurality of features further comprises one or more of the following features: a prefix, a suffix, a part-of-speech tag, and a word type. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the word type feature of a particular word describes whether the word shape feature of the particular word comprises tokens of a same type. 20. The system of claim 12 wherein a particular feature is identified with an n-gram within an m-length window, wherein m is greater than n. 21. The system of claim 12 wherein the statistical classifier is specific to the first language. 22. The system of claim 1 wherein the statistical classifier comprises a conditional random field classifier that is configured to identify at least one named entity in a word string. 23. A storage device having instructions stored thereon that when executed by one or more computers perform operations comprising:
training a statistical classifier to identify named entities using training data comprising a plurality of features, wherein one of the features is a word shape feature that comprises a respective token for each letter of a respective word, the respective token indicating that each letter of the respective word is one of an upper case letter, a lower case letter, and a digit; receiving a plurality of word strings in a first language, each received word string comprising a plurality of words; identifying at least one named entity in each received word string using the trained statistical classifier; and translating the received word strings from the first language to a second language, wherein translating comprises preserving the identified at least one named entity in the first language. 24. The storage device of claim 23 wherein translating the received word strings from the first language to a second language comprises:
for a particular received word string:
selecting a respective template in the first language, the respective template comprising one or more placeholders for the identified named entities and having a corresponding translated template in the second language that preserves the placeholders; and
translating the particular received word string by substituting its identified named entities in the placeholders in the corresponding translated template in the second language. 25. The storage device of claim 24 wherein the respective template in the first language further comprises words in the first language that are translated, according to a dictionary, to words in the second language in the corresponding translated template. 26. The storage device of claim 25 wherein the dictionary comprises:
words in the first language; and
one or more words in the second language corresponding to each of the words in the first language. 27. The storage device of claim 24 wherein the respective template in the first language further comprises a particular word which count in the particular received word string exceeds a specified threshold. 28. The storage device of claim 23, wherein a particular named entity comprises one or more proper nouns. 29. The storage device of claim 23 wherein the plurality of features further comprises one or more of the following features: a prefix, a suffix, a part-of-speech tag, and a word type. 30. The storage device of claim 29, wherein the word type feature of a particular word describes whether the word shape feature of the particular word comprises tokens of a same type. | 2,600 |
9,597 | 9,597 | 14,668,215 | 2,689 | Methods and apparatus are provided for localizing a source of a set of radio signals, such as radio signals received from an RFID tag at various locations. A source of a set of radio signals (such as radio signals received from an RFID tag at various locations) is localized by obtaining a plurality of radio signals in the set from a different location in an environment; determining a magnitude and received location for each of the plurality of radio signals; determining a direction for each of the plurality of radio signals by comparing each given radio signal to other radio signals in the set; and determining a location of the source of the set of radio signals by determining an intersection of the direction for each of the plurality of radio signals. The direction for each of the plurality of radio signals optionally comprises a net directional vector determined using a weighted circular mean. | 1. (canceled) 2. (canceled) 3. (canceled) 4. (canceled) 5. (canceled) 6. (canceled) 7. (canceled) 8. (canceled) 9. (canceled) 10. A computer program product for localizing a source of a set of radio signals, the computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a computing device to cause the computing device to:
obtain a plurality of radio signals in said set from a different location in an environment, wherein each of said plurality of radio signals is transmitted by said source; determine a magnitude and received location for each of said plurality of radio signals; determine a direction for each of said plurality of radio signals by comparing each given radio signal to other radio signals in said set; and determine a location of said source of said set of radio signals by determining an intersection of said direction for each of said plurality of radio signals. 11. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein said set of radio signals comprises radio signals received from an RFID tag at various locations. 12. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein said magnitude of each of said plurality of radio signals in said set is proportional to a function of a received signal strength at said corresponding received location of said environment. 13. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein said direction for each of said plurality of radio signals comprises a net directional vector determined using a weighted circular mean. 14. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein said location of said source of said set of radio signals is determined based on an intersection of said net directional vector for each of said plurality of radio signals. 15. The computer program product of claim 14, wherein said intersection is identified by creating one or more arcs and employing a flood-fill technique. 16. A system for localizing a source of a set of radio signals, said system comprising:
a memory; and at least one hardware device coupled to the memory and configured for: obtaining a plurality of radio signals in said set from a different location in an environment, wherein each of said plurality of radio signals is transmitted by said source; determining a magnitude and received location for each of said plurality of radio signals; determining a direction for each of said plurality of radio signals by comparing each given radio signal to other radio signals in said set; and determining a location of said source of said set of radio signals by determining an intersection of said direction for each of said plurality of radio signals. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein said set of radio signals comprises radio signals received from an RFID tag at various locations. 18. The system of claim 16, wherein said magnitude of each of said plurality of radio signals in said set is proportional to a function of a received signal strength at said corresponding received location of said environment. 19. The system of claim 16, wherein said direction for each of said plurality of radio signals comprises a net directional vector determined using a weighted circular mean. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein said location of said source of said set of radio signals is determined based on an intersection of said net directional vector for each of said plurality of radio signals. 21. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein said magnitude of each given radio signal in said set is proportional to a received signal strength at said corresponding received location of said environment. 22. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein said intersection is identified by determining a location contained in a largest number of arcs. 23. The system of claim 17, wherein said magnitude of each given radio signal in said set is proportional to a received signal strength at said corresponding received location of said environment. 24. The system of claim 20, wherein said intersection is identified by creating one or more arcs and employing a flood-fill technique. 25. The system of claim 24, wherein said intersection is identified by determining a location contained in a largest number of arcs. | Methods and apparatus are provided for localizing a source of a set of radio signals, such as radio signals received from an RFID tag at various locations. A source of a set of radio signals (such as radio signals received from an RFID tag at various locations) is localized by obtaining a plurality of radio signals in the set from a different location in an environment; determining a magnitude and received location for each of the plurality of radio signals; determining a direction for each of the plurality of radio signals by comparing each given radio signal to other radio signals in the set; and determining a location of the source of the set of radio signals by determining an intersection of the direction for each of the plurality of radio signals. The direction for each of the plurality of radio signals optionally comprises a net directional vector determined using a weighted circular mean.1. (canceled) 2. (canceled) 3. (canceled) 4. (canceled) 5. (canceled) 6. (canceled) 7. (canceled) 8. (canceled) 9. (canceled) 10. A computer program product for localizing a source of a set of radio signals, the computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a computing device to cause the computing device to:
obtain a plurality of radio signals in said set from a different location in an environment, wherein each of said plurality of radio signals is transmitted by said source; determine a magnitude and received location for each of said plurality of radio signals; determine a direction for each of said plurality of radio signals by comparing each given radio signal to other radio signals in said set; and determine a location of said source of said set of radio signals by determining an intersection of said direction for each of said plurality of radio signals. 11. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein said set of radio signals comprises radio signals received from an RFID tag at various locations. 12. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein said magnitude of each of said plurality of radio signals in said set is proportional to a function of a received signal strength at said corresponding received location of said environment. 13. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein said direction for each of said plurality of radio signals comprises a net directional vector determined using a weighted circular mean. 14. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein said location of said source of said set of radio signals is determined based on an intersection of said net directional vector for each of said plurality of radio signals. 15. The computer program product of claim 14, wherein said intersection is identified by creating one or more arcs and employing a flood-fill technique. 16. A system for localizing a source of a set of radio signals, said system comprising:
a memory; and at least one hardware device coupled to the memory and configured for: obtaining a plurality of radio signals in said set from a different location in an environment, wherein each of said plurality of radio signals is transmitted by said source; determining a magnitude and received location for each of said plurality of radio signals; determining a direction for each of said plurality of radio signals by comparing each given radio signal to other radio signals in said set; and determining a location of said source of said set of radio signals by determining an intersection of said direction for each of said plurality of radio signals. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein said set of radio signals comprises radio signals received from an RFID tag at various locations. 18. The system of claim 16, wherein said magnitude of each of said plurality of radio signals in said set is proportional to a function of a received signal strength at said corresponding received location of said environment. 19. The system of claim 16, wherein said direction for each of said plurality of radio signals comprises a net directional vector determined using a weighted circular mean. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein said location of said source of said set of radio signals is determined based on an intersection of said net directional vector for each of said plurality of radio signals. 21. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein said magnitude of each given radio signal in said set is proportional to a received signal strength at said corresponding received location of said environment. 22. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein said intersection is identified by determining a location contained in a largest number of arcs. 23. The system of claim 17, wherein said magnitude of each given radio signal in said set is proportional to a received signal strength at said corresponding received location of said environment. 24. The system of claim 20, wherein said intersection is identified by creating one or more arcs and employing a flood-fill technique. 25. The system of claim 24, wherein said intersection is identified by determining a location contained in a largest number of arcs. | 2,600 |
9,598 | 9,598 | 14,819,825 | 2,692 | In one aspect, an apparatus includes a housing, a haptic element on at least a portion of the housing that has a non-discrete configuration and at least a first discrete configuration, a processor, a touch-enabled display operatively coupled to the processor, and a memory accessible to the processor. The memory bears instructions executable by the processor to initiate a function at the apparatus, and at least in part in response to initiation of the function, actuate a portion of the haptic element. | 1. A device, comprising:
a processor; a haptic component which changes between a non-discrete configuration and at least a first discrete configuration, the haptic component being accessible to the processor; and storage accessible to the processor and bearing instructions executable by the processor to: execute a function at a device; in response to execution of the function, determine that the function is a function for which the haptic component is manipulable to provide input associated with the function; and in response to the determination that the function is a function for which the haptic component is manipulable to provide input associated with the function, command the haptic component to assume the first discrete configuration. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the haptic component is actuatable to assume at least first and second discrete configurations, the first discrete configuration being different than the second discrete configuration. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the haptic component in the first discrete configuration includes at least a first discrete button, wherein at least a portion of the haptic component is touch-sensitive, and wherein the instructions are executable to:
execute a first command in response to the first discrete button being depressed; and execute a second command different from the first command in response to the first discrete button being touched but not depressed. 4. The device of claim 3, wherein the instructions are executable to:
execute a second command different from the first command in response to the first discrete button being touched but not depressed for a threshold time. 5. The device of claim 3, wherein the second command is to provide audible output at the device, the audible output pertaining the first command. 6. The device of claim 3, wherein the second command is to provide audible output at the device, and wherein the audible output comprises a description of the first command. 7. The device of claim 3, wherein the second command is to provide audible output at the device, and wherein the audible output comprises a description of the first discrete button. 8. The device of claim 7, wherein the description of the first discrete button comprises a description of the appearance of the first discrete button. 9. The device of claim 3, wherein the second command is to provide audible output at the device, and wherein the audible output comprises an indication of a name of the first discrete button. 10. A computer readable storage medium that is not a transitory signal, the computer readable storage medium comprising instructions executable by a processor to:
execute a function at a device comprising a haptic component which changes between a non-discrete configuration and at least a first discrete configuration, the haptic component being accessible to the processor; in response to execution of the function, determine that the function is a function for which the haptic component is manipulable to provide input associated with the function; and in response to the determination that the function is a function for which the haptic component is manipulable to provide input associated with the function, command the haptic component to assume the first discrete configuration. 11. The computer readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the haptic component in the first discrete configuration includes at least a first discrete button, wherein at least a portion of the haptic component is touch-sensitive, and wherein the instructions are executable to:
execute a first command in response to the first discrete button being depressed; and execute a second command different from the first command in response to the first discrete button being touched but not depressed for at least a threshold time. 12. A computer readable storage medium that is not a transitory signal, the computer readable storage medium comprising instructions executable by a processor to:
present, on a display accessible to the processor, a selector that is selectable to provide a first command to the processor; and contemporaneously with presentation of the selector on the display, actuate at least a portion of a haptic structure to assume the shape of a button that is depressable to provide the first command to the processor. 13. The computer readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein at least a portion of the haptic structure is touch-sensitive, and wherein the instructions are executable to:
execute the first command in response to the button being depressed; and execute a second command different from the first command in response to the button being touched but not depressed for at least a threshold time. 14. The computer readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the haptic structure is disposed on a first side of a device, wherein the display is disposed on a second side of the device opposite the first side of the device, and wherein the at least portion of the haptic structure is actuated to assume the shape of the button at least partially at a location on the haptic structure that corresponds transversely to a location on the display that presents the selector. 15. The computer readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the haptic structure is disposed on a first side of a device and has upper and lower ends relative to the device being viewed in a first orientation, wherein the display is disposed on a second side of the device opposite the first side of the device and has upper and lower ends relative to the device being viewed in the first orientation, wherein the at least portion of the haptic structure is actuated to assume the shape of the button at least partially at a location on the haptic structure at least adjacent to the upper end of the haptic structure, and wherein the selector is presented on the display at a location on the display at least adjacent to the lower end of the display. 16. The computer readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the computer readable storage medium is disposed on a device comprising the processor and the haptic structure, and wherein the button comprises at least one haptic obtrusion on at least one otherwise flat surface of the button at least while the haptic structure is actuated to assume the shape of the button. 17. The computer readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the instructions are executable to actuate the haptic structure to provide a vibration at least at the button. 18. A method, comprising:
presenting, on a display, a selector that is selectable to provide a first command to a device; and contemporaneously with presenting the selector on the display, actuating at least a portion of a haptic structure to assume the shape of a button that is selectable to provide the first command to the device. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the at least portion of the haptic structure is actuated to assume the shape of the button at least in part by increasing solution to at least a portion of the haptic structure that forms the button. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein at least a portion of the haptic structure is touch-sensitive, and wherein the method comprises:
executing the first command in response to the button being depressed; and execute a second command different from the first command in response to the button being touched but not depressed for at least a threshold time. | In one aspect, an apparatus includes a housing, a haptic element on at least a portion of the housing that has a non-discrete configuration and at least a first discrete configuration, a processor, a touch-enabled display operatively coupled to the processor, and a memory accessible to the processor. The memory bears instructions executable by the processor to initiate a function at the apparatus, and at least in part in response to initiation of the function, actuate a portion of the haptic element.1. A device, comprising:
a processor; a haptic component which changes between a non-discrete configuration and at least a first discrete configuration, the haptic component being accessible to the processor; and storage accessible to the processor and bearing instructions executable by the processor to: execute a function at a device; in response to execution of the function, determine that the function is a function for which the haptic component is manipulable to provide input associated with the function; and in response to the determination that the function is a function for which the haptic component is manipulable to provide input associated with the function, command the haptic component to assume the first discrete configuration. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the haptic component is actuatable to assume at least first and second discrete configurations, the first discrete configuration being different than the second discrete configuration. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the haptic component in the first discrete configuration includes at least a first discrete button, wherein at least a portion of the haptic component is touch-sensitive, and wherein the instructions are executable to:
execute a first command in response to the first discrete button being depressed; and execute a second command different from the first command in response to the first discrete button being touched but not depressed. 4. The device of claim 3, wherein the instructions are executable to:
execute a second command different from the first command in response to the first discrete button being touched but not depressed for a threshold time. 5. The device of claim 3, wherein the second command is to provide audible output at the device, the audible output pertaining the first command. 6. The device of claim 3, wherein the second command is to provide audible output at the device, and wherein the audible output comprises a description of the first command. 7. The device of claim 3, wherein the second command is to provide audible output at the device, and wherein the audible output comprises a description of the first discrete button. 8. The device of claim 7, wherein the description of the first discrete button comprises a description of the appearance of the first discrete button. 9. The device of claim 3, wherein the second command is to provide audible output at the device, and wherein the audible output comprises an indication of a name of the first discrete button. 10. A computer readable storage medium that is not a transitory signal, the computer readable storage medium comprising instructions executable by a processor to:
execute a function at a device comprising a haptic component which changes between a non-discrete configuration and at least a first discrete configuration, the haptic component being accessible to the processor; in response to execution of the function, determine that the function is a function for which the haptic component is manipulable to provide input associated with the function; and in response to the determination that the function is a function for which the haptic component is manipulable to provide input associated with the function, command the haptic component to assume the first discrete configuration. 11. The computer readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the haptic component in the first discrete configuration includes at least a first discrete button, wherein at least a portion of the haptic component is touch-sensitive, and wherein the instructions are executable to:
execute a first command in response to the first discrete button being depressed; and execute a second command different from the first command in response to the first discrete button being touched but not depressed for at least a threshold time. 12. A computer readable storage medium that is not a transitory signal, the computer readable storage medium comprising instructions executable by a processor to:
present, on a display accessible to the processor, a selector that is selectable to provide a first command to the processor; and contemporaneously with presentation of the selector on the display, actuate at least a portion of a haptic structure to assume the shape of a button that is depressable to provide the first command to the processor. 13. The computer readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein at least a portion of the haptic structure is touch-sensitive, and wherein the instructions are executable to:
execute the first command in response to the button being depressed; and execute a second command different from the first command in response to the button being touched but not depressed for at least a threshold time. 14. The computer readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the haptic structure is disposed on a first side of a device, wherein the display is disposed on a second side of the device opposite the first side of the device, and wherein the at least portion of the haptic structure is actuated to assume the shape of the button at least partially at a location on the haptic structure that corresponds transversely to a location on the display that presents the selector. 15. The computer readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the haptic structure is disposed on a first side of a device and has upper and lower ends relative to the device being viewed in a first orientation, wherein the display is disposed on a second side of the device opposite the first side of the device and has upper and lower ends relative to the device being viewed in the first orientation, wherein the at least portion of the haptic structure is actuated to assume the shape of the button at least partially at a location on the haptic structure at least adjacent to the upper end of the haptic structure, and wherein the selector is presented on the display at a location on the display at least adjacent to the lower end of the display. 16. The computer readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the computer readable storage medium is disposed on a device comprising the processor and the haptic structure, and wherein the button comprises at least one haptic obtrusion on at least one otherwise flat surface of the button at least while the haptic structure is actuated to assume the shape of the button. 17. The computer readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the instructions are executable to actuate the haptic structure to provide a vibration at least at the button. 18. A method, comprising:
presenting, on a display, a selector that is selectable to provide a first command to a device; and contemporaneously with presenting the selector on the display, actuating at least a portion of a haptic structure to assume the shape of a button that is selectable to provide the first command to the device. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the at least portion of the haptic structure is actuated to assume the shape of the button at least in part by increasing solution to at least a portion of the haptic structure that forms the button. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein at least a portion of the haptic structure is touch-sensitive, and wherein the method comprises:
executing the first command in response to the button being depressed; and execute a second command different from the first command in response to the button being touched but not depressed for at least a threshold time. | 2,600 |
9,599 | 9,599 | 12,311,429 | 2,649 | A wireless transceiver station including an antenna device and a casing, the antenna device including at least one resonator element cooperating with the casing of the wireless transceiver station and having a shape with a low aspect ratio so as to be conformal with the casing, the at least one resonator element including a composite material and being adapted to be excited by a feed system which is positioned inside the resonator element so as to allow the antenna device to irradiate with a substantially omnidirectional radiation pattern. | 1-27. (canceled) 28. A method for controlling the transmission and/or reception of a radio signal from/to a wireless transceiver station provided with a casing, comprising:
providing said wireless transceiver station with at least one antenna device comprising at least one resonator element cooperating with said casing and comprising composite material, said resonator element being shaped so as to have a low aspect ratio and to be conformal with said casing; and coupling said radio signal with said resonator element so as to resonate therein a resonant mode of a TM0, n,δ class of resonant modes. 29. A wireless transceiver station comprising at least one antenna device and a casing, said antenna device comprising at least one resonator element cooperating with the casing of said wireless transceiver station and having a shape with a low aspect ratio so as to be conformal with said casing, said at least one resonator element comprising a composite material and capable of being adapted to be excited by a feed system which is positioned inside said resonator element so as to allow said antenna device to irradiate with a substantially omnidirectional radiation pattern. 30. The wireless transceiver station of claim 29, wherein said feed system produces in said at least one resonator element a resonant mode of a TM0, n,δ class of resonant modes. 31. The wireless transceiver station of claim 29, wherein said substantially omnidirectional radiation pattern has a peak to peak ripple limited to less than 5 dB along a main plane of said antenna device and a minimum of a radiated field along a direction perpendicular to said main plane. 32. The wireless transceiver station of claim 31, wherein said peak to peak ripple is 4 dB. 33. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 31, wherein said minimum value is lower by more than 10 dB than a maximum value of the radiated field. 34. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 33, wherein said minimum value is lower by more than 15 dB than a maximum value of the radiated field. 35. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 31, wherein said at least one resonator element has a substantially axial symmetry around an axis which extends along a direction of the minimum of the radiated field. 36. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 29, wherein said composite material has a dielectric constant of 5-100. 37. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 36, wherein said dielectric constant is 8-40. 38. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 37, wherein said dielectric constant has a value of 10-20. 39. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 36, wherein said composite material comprises at least one polymeric material and at least one dielectric ceramic powder. 40. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 39, wherein said polymeric material is a thermoplastic resin. 41. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 40, wherein said polymeric material is selected from polypropylene and acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene or a mixture thereof. 42. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 40, wherein said dielectric ceramic powder is selected from titanium dioxide, calcium titanate, and strontium titanate, or a mixture thereof. 43. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 35, wherein said feed system is positioned at a distance from said axis of symmetry of said at least one resonator element which is lower than λ/8 where λ is a wavelength corresponding to a resonant within the resonator element. 44. The wireless transceiver station according to 43, wherein said feed system comprises a coaxial connector and a metal pin. 45. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 44, wherein said metal pin is derived from a central pin of said coaxial connector. 46. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 29, wherein said resonator element has an aspect ratio lower than 0.5. 47. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 46, wherein said low aspect ratio is less than 0.25. 48. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 46, wherein said at least one resonator element is supported by a conductive groundplane. 49. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 48, wherein said at least one resonator element comprises a sphere cap, supported by a reversed cut cone, supported by a cylinder and a bottom of said cylinder. 50. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 49, wherein said bottom of said cylinder is partially cut off. 51. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 48, wherein said at least one resonator element comprises a sphere cap and a cylinder supported by said sphere cap, said sphere cap having a top partially cut off. 52. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 48, wherein said at least one resonator element is partly enclosed in a conductive wall connected to said groundplane. 53. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 52, wherein said conductive wall has a cylindrical shape. 54. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 52, wherein said at least one resonator element comprises a cylinder overlapped by a cut sphere. | A wireless transceiver station including an antenna device and a casing, the antenna device including at least one resonator element cooperating with the casing of the wireless transceiver station and having a shape with a low aspect ratio so as to be conformal with the casing, the at least one resonator element including a composite material and being adapted to be excited by a feed system which is positioned inside the resonator element so as to allow the antenna device to irradiate with a substantially omnidirectional radiation pattern.1-27. (canceled) 28. A method for controlling the transmission and/or reception of a radio signal from/to a wireless transceiver station provided with a casing, comprising:
providing said wireless transceiver station with at least one antenna device comprising at least one resonator element cooperating with said casing and comprising composite material, said resonator element being shaped so as to have a low aspect ratio and to be conformal with said casing; and coupling said radio signal with said resonator element so as to resonate therein a resonant mode of a TM0, n,δ class of resonant modes. 29. A wireless transceiver station comprising at least one antenna device and a casing, said antenna device comprising at least one resonator element cooperating with the casing of said wireless transceiver station and having a shape with a low aspect ratio so as to be conformal with said casing, said at least one resonator element comprising a composite material and capable of being adapted to be excited by a feed system which is positioned inside said resonator element so as to allow said antenna device to irradiate with a substantially omnidirectional radiation pattern. 30. The wireless transceiver station of claim 29, wherein said feed system produces in said at least one resonator element a resonant mode of a TM0, n,δ class of resonant modes. 31. The wireless transceiver station of claim 29, wherein said substantially omnidirectional radiation pattern has a peak to peak ripple limited to less than 5 dB along a main plane of said antenna device and a minimum of a radiated field along a direction perpendicular to said main plane. 32. The wireless transceiver station of claim 31, wherein said peak to peak ripple is 4 dB. 33. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 31, wherein said minimum value is lower by more than 10 dB than a maximum value of the radiated field. 34. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 33, wherein said minimum value is lower by more than 15 dB than a maximum value of the radiated field. 35. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 31, wherein said at least one resonator element has a substantially axial symmetry around an axis which extends along a direction of the minimum of the radiated field. 36. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 29, wherein said composite material has a dielectric constant of 5-100. 37. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 36, wherein said dielectric constant is 8-40. 38. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 37, wherein said dielectric constant has a value of 10-20. 39. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 36, wherein said composite material comprises at least one polymeric material and at least one dielectric ceramic powder. 40. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 39, wherein said polymeric material is a thermoplastic resin. 41. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 40, wherein said polymeric material is selected from polypropylene and acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene or a mixture thereof. 42. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 40, wherein said dielectric ceramic powder is selected from titanium dioxide, calcium titanate, and strontium titanate, or a mixture thereof. 43. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 35, wherein said feed system is positioned at a distance from said axis of symmetry of said at least one resonator element which is lower than λ/8 where λ is a wavelength corresponding to a resonant within the resonator element. 44. The wireless transceiver station according to 43, wherein said feed system comprises a coaxial connector and a metal pin. 45. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 44, wherein said metal pin is derived from a central pin of said coaxial connector. 46. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 29, wherein said resonator element has an aspect ratio lower than 0.5. 47. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 46, wherein said low aspect ratio is less than 0.25. 48. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 46, wherein said at least one resonator element is supported by a conductive groundplane. 49. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 48, wherein said at least one resonator element comprises a sphere cap, supported by a reversed cut cone, supported by a cylinder and a bottom of said cylinder. 50. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 49, wherein said bottom of said cylinder is partially cut off. 51. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 48, wherein said at least one resonator element comprises a sphere cap and a cylinder supported by said sphere cap, said sphere cap having a top partially cut off. 52. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 48, wherein said at least one resonator element is partly enclosed in a conductive wall connected to said groundplane. 53. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 52, wherein said conductive wall has a cylindrical shape. 54. The wireless transceiver station according to claim 52, wherein said at least one resonator element comprises a cylinder overlapped by a cut sphere. | 2,600 |
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