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What sare the benifts of the blood brain barrir?
Another approach to brain function is to examine the consequences of damage to specific brain areas. Even though it is protected by the skull and meninges, surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid, and isolated from the bloodstream by the blood–brain barrier, the delicate nature of the brain makes it vulnerable to numerous di...
isolated from the bloodstream
advqa_0
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What is surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid?
Another approach to brain function is to examine the consequences of damage to specific brain areas. Even though it is protected by the skull and meninges, surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid, and isolated from the bloodstream by the blood–brain barrier, the delicate nature of the brain makes it vulnerable to numerous di...
brain
advqa_1
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What does the skull protect?
Another approach to brain function is to examine the consequences of damage to specific brain areas. Even though it is protected by the skull and meninges, surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid, and isolated from the bloodstream by the blood–brain barrier, the delicate nature of the brain makes it vulnerable to numerous di...
brain
advqa_2
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What has been injected into rats to produce precise patterns of damage?
Another approach to brain function is to examine the consequences of damage to specific brain areas. Even though it is protected by the skull and meninges, surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid, and isolated from the bloodstream by the blood–brain barrier, the delicate nature of the brain makes it vulnerable to numerous di...
chemicals
advqa_3
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What can cause issues with how the brain works?
Another approach to brain function is to examine the consequences of damage to specific brain areas. Even though it is protected by the skull and meninges, surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid, and isolated from the bloodstream by the blood–brain barrier, the delicate nature of the brain makes it vulnerable to numerous di...
brain damage
advqa_4
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What is isolated from the bloodstream by the blood-brain barrier?
Another approach to brain function is to examine the consequences of damage to specific brain areas. Even though it is protected by the skull and meninges, surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid, and isolated from the bloodstream by the blood–brain barrier, the delicate nature of the brain makes it vulnerable to numerous di...
the brain
advqa_5
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What is vulnerable to numerous diseases?
Another approach to brain function is to examine the consequences of damage to specific brain areas. Even though it is protected by the skull and meninges, surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid, and isolated from the bloodstream by the blood–brain barrier, the delicate nature of the brain makes it vulnerable to numerous di...
the brain
advqa_6
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
If you can't stop damage to the brain, you can help what?
Another approach to brain function is to examine the consequences of damage to specific brain areas. Even though it is protected by the skull and meninges, surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid, and isolated from the bloodstream by the blood–brain barrier, the delicate nature of the brain makes it vulnerable to numerous di...
the nature of the damage
advqa_7
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What acts as a protective barrier for the brain?
Another approach to brain function is to examine the consequences of damage to specific brain areas. Even though it is protected by the skull and meninges, surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid, and isolated from the bloodstream by the blood–brain barrier, the delicate nature of the brain makes it vulnerable to numerous di...
skull and meninges
advqa_8
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What is an advantage of testing brain function in animals?
Another approach to brain function is to examine the consequences of damage to specific brain areas. Even though it is protected by the skull and meninges, surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid, and isolated from the bloodstream by the blood–brain barrier, the delicate nature of the brain makes it vulnerable to numerous di...
it is possible to use electrodes or locally injected chemicals to produce precise patterns of damage
advqa_9
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What is used for testing brain functions after it has been harmed?
Another approach to brain function is to examine the consequences of damage to specific brain areas. Even though it is protected by the skull and meninges, surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid, and isolated from the bloodstream by the blood–brain barrier, the delicate nature of the brain makes it vulnerable to numerous di...
animal
advqa_10
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What is easy to effect the brain?
Another approach to brain function is to examine the consequences of damage to specific brain areas. Even though it is protected by the skull and meninges, surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid, and isolated from the bloodstream by the blood–brain barrier, the delicate nature of the brain makes it vulnerable to numerous di...
diseases and several types of damage
advqa_11
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What do you think with?
Motor systems are areas of the brain that are directly or indirectly involved in producing body movements, that is, in activating muscles. Except for the muscles that control the eye, which are driven by nuclei in the midbrain, all the voluntary muscles in the body are directly innervated by motor neurons in the spinal...
brain
advqa_12
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
If you're looking at a body part and conclude that it isn't under the control of motor systems in the brain, what part are you looking at?
Motor systems are areas of the brain that are directly or indirectly involved in producing body movements, that is, in activating muscles. Except for the muscles that control the eye, which are driven by nuclei in the midbrain, all the voluntary muscles in the body are directly innervated by motor neurons in the spinal...
the eye
advqa_13
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
How are the movements for swimming created?
Motor systems are areas of the brain that are directly or indirectly involved in producing body movements, that is, in activating muscles. Except for the muscles that control the eye, which are driven by nuclei in the midbrain, all the voluntary muscles in the body are directly innervated by motor neurons in the spinal...
pattern generators
advqa_14
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What is another term for the production of movements?
Motor systems are areas of the brain that are directly or indirectly involved in producing body movements, that is, in activating muscles. Except for the muscles that control the eye, which are driven by nuclei in the midbrain, all the voluntary muscles in the body are directly innervated by motor neurons in the spinal...
activating muscles
advqa_15
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Nuclei in the midbrain are to the eye muscles as motor systems are to what?
Motor systems are areas of the brain that are directly or indirectly involved in producing body movements, that is, in activating muscles. Except for the muscles that control the eye, which are driven by nuclei in the midbrain, all the voluntary muscles in the body are directly innervated by motor neurons in the spinal...
voluntary muscles in the body
advqa_16
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What is built while working out at the gym?
Motor systems are areas of the brain that are directly or indirectly involved in producing body movements, that is, in activating muscles. Except for the muscles that control the eye, which are driven by nuclei in the midbrain, all the voluntary muscles in the body are directly innervated by motor neurons in the spinal...
muscles
advqa_17
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What exactly do motor systems do to create body movements, such as lifting a cup or walking?
Motor systems are areas of the brain that are directly or indirectly involved in producing body movements, that is, in activating muscles. Except for the muscles that control the eye, which are driven by nuclei in the midbrain, all the voluntary muscles in the body are directly innervated by motor neurons in the spinal...
activating muscles
advqa_18
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What muscles are the exception to the rule when it comes to motor neurons?
Motor systems are areas of the brain that are directly or indirectly involved in producing body movements, that is, in activating muscles. Except for the muscles that control the eye, which are driven by nuclei in the midbrain, all the voluntary muscles in the body are directly innervated by motor neurons in the spinal...
the muscles that control the eye
advqa_19
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What do intrinsic spinal circuits contain that might help with actions beyond simple rhythmic movements?
Motor systems are areas of the brain that are directly or indirectly involved in producing body movements, that is, in activating muscles. Except for the muscles that control the eye, which are driven by nuclei in the midbrain, all the voluntary muscles in the body are directly innervated by motor neurons in the spinal...
descending connections from the brain
advqa_20
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
One factor controlling spinal motor neurons is related to the spine while the other factor is related to what area?
Motor systems are areas of the brain that are directly or indirectly involved in producing body movements, that is, in activating muscles. Except for the muscles that control the eye, which are driven by nuclei in the midbrain, all the voluntary muscles in the body are directly innervated by motor neurons in the spinal...
the brain
advqa_21
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What type of voluntary function is controlled by the circuits?
Motor systems are areas of the brain that are directly or indirectly involved in producing body movements, that is, in activating muscles. Except for the muscles that control the eye, which are driven by nuclei in the midbrain, all the voluntary muscles in the body are directly innervated by motor neurons in the spinal...
rhythmic movements such as walking or swimming
advqa_22
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What are in the spinal cord that help direct voluntary movements?
Motor systems are areas of the brain that are directly or indirectly involved in producing body movements, that is, in activating muscles. Except for the muscles that control the eye, which are driven by nuclei in the midbrain, all the voluntary muscles in the body are directly innervated by motor neurons in the spinal...
neural circuits
advqa_23
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
How are neurons connected?
The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. Only a few invertebrates such as sponges, jellyfish, adult sea squirts and starfish do not have a brain; diffuse or localised nerve nets are present instead. The brain is located in the head, usually c...
synapses
advqa_24
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
the main part of the brain is
The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. Only a few invertebrates such as sponges, jellyfish, adult sea squirts and starfish do not have a brain; diffuse or localised nerve nets are present instead. The brain is located in the head, usually c...
the cerebral cortex
advqa_25
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
the brain is what
The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. Only a few invertebrates such as sponges, jellyfish, adult sea squirts and starfish do not have a brain; diffuse or localised nerve nets are present instead. The brain is located in the head, usually c...
an organ
advqa_26
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Which of the following doesn't have a brain, starfish or human?
The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. Only a few invertebrates such as sponges, jellyfish, adult sea squirts and starfish do not have a brain; diffuse or localised nerve nets are present instead. The brain is located in the head, usually c...
starfish
advqa_27
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Which of the following is always present in invetebrates, a nerve or a brain?
The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. Only a few invertebrates such as sponges, jellyfish, adult sea squirts and starfish do not have a brain; diffuse or localised nerve nets are present instead. The brain is located in the head, usually c...
nerve
advqa_28
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
what sense do the eyes have
The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. Only a few invertebrates such as sponges, jellyfish, adult sea squirts and starfish do not have a brain; diffuse or localised nerve nets are present instead. The brain is located in the head, usually c...
vision
advqa_29
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
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{}
What kind of pulses target recipient cells?
The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. Only a few invertebrates such as sponges, jellyfish, adult sea squirts and starfish do not have a brain; diffuse or localised nerve nets are present instead. The brain is located in the head, usually c...
action potentials
advqa_30
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Through what organic material do neurons signal each other?
The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. Only a few invertebrates such as sponges, jellyfish, adult sea squirts and starfish do not have a brain; diffuse or localised nerve nets are present instead. The brain is located in the head, usually c...
axons
advqa_31
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
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{}
what sense does the tongue have
The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. Only a few invertebrates such as sponges, jellyfish, adult sea squirts and starfish do not have a brain; diffuse or localised nerve nets are present instead. The brain is located in the head, usually c...
taste
advqa_32
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
neurons talk each other through
The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. Only a few invertebrates such as sponges, jellyfish, adult sea squirts and starfish do not have a brain; diffuse or localised nerve nets are present instead. The brain is located in the head, usually c...
axons
advqa_33
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Which of the following never lacks a brain: invetebrates or vetebrates?
The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. Only a few invertebrates such as sponges, jellyfish, adult sea squirts and starfish do not have a brain; diffuse or localised nerve nets are present instead. The brain is located in the head, usually c...
vertebrate
advqa_34
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What are the sensing types listed in the article?
The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. Only a few invertebrates such as sponges, jellyfish, adult sea squirts and starfish do not have a brain; diffuse or localised nerve nets are present instead. The brain is located in the head, usually c...
vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell
advqa_35
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What do the signal pulses target?
The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. Only a few invertebrates such as sponges, jellyfish, adult sea squirts and starfish do not have a brain; diffuse or localised nerve nets are present instead. The brain is located in the head, usually c...
recipient cells
advqa_36
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
The body's central biological clock is contained where in the brain?
The SCN projects to a set of areas in the hypothalamus, brainstem, and midbrain that are involved in implementing sleep-wake cycles. An important component of the system is the reticular formation, a group of neuron-clusters scattered diffusely through the core of the lower brain. Reticular neurons send signals to the ...
SCN
advqa_37
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What repeated phrase suggests that it is critical?
The SCN projects to a set of areas in the hypothalamus, brainstem, and midbrain that are involved in implementing sleep-wake cycles. An important component of the system is the reticular formation, a group of neuron-clusters scattered diffusely through the core of the lower brain. Reticular neurons send signals to the ...
reticular formation
advqa_38
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
what is the first part of the brain mentioned in the text
The SCN projects to a set of areas in the hypothalamus, brainstem, and midbrain that are involved in implementing sleep-wake cycles. An important component of the system is the reticular formation, a group of neuron-clusters scattered diffusely through the core of the lower brain. Reticular neurons send signals to the ...
SCN
advqa_39
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Which part of the brain operates as a clock mechanism and rythm provider
The SCN projects to a set of areas in the hypothalamus, brainstem, and midbrain that are involved in implementing sleep-wake cycles. An important component of the system is the reticular formation, a group of neuron-clusters scattered diffusely through the core of the lower brain. Reticular neurons send signals to the ...
SCN
advqa_40
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What part communicates what energy amount to use?
The SCN projects to a set of areas in the hypothalamus, brainstem, and midbrain that are involved in implementing sleep-wake cycles. An important component of the system is the reticular formation, a group of neuron-clusters scattered diffusely through the core of the lower brain. Reticular neurons send signals to the ...
thalamus
advqa_41
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What is the small structure located above the brainstem?
The SCN projects to a set of areas in the hypothalamus, brainstem, and midbrain that are involved in implementing sleep-wake cycles. An important component of the system is the reticular formation, a group of neuron-clusters scattered diffusely through the core of the lower brain. Reticular neurons send signals to the ...
thalamus
advqa_42
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
How do the reticular neurons communicate with the thalamus?
The SCN projects to a set of areas in the hypothalamus, brainstem, and midbrain that are involved in implementing sleep-wake cycles. An important component of the system is the reticular formation, a group of neuron-clusters scattered diffusely through the core of the lower brain. Reticular neurons send signals to the ...
send signals
advqa_43
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What part of the brain receives messages from the reticular neurons?
The SCN projects to a set of areas in the hypothalamus, brainstem, and midbrain that are involved in implementing sleep-wake cycles. An important component of the system is the reticular formation, a group of neuron-clusters scattered diffusely through the core of the lower brain. Reticular neurons send signals to the ...
thalamus
advqa_44
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What part of the brain has the important group of neuron-clusters involved in implementing sleep-wake cycles?
The SCN projects to a set of areas in the hypothalamus, brainstem, and midbrain that are involved in implementing sleep-wake cycles. An important component of the system is the reticular formation, a group of neuron-clusters scattered diffusely through the core of the lower brain. Reticular neurons send signals to the ...
the core of the lower brain
advqa_45
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What is the reticular formation composed of?
The SCN projects to a set of areas in the hypothalamus, brainstem, and midbrain that are involved in implementing sleep-wake cycles. An important component of the system is the reticular formation, a group of neuron-clusters scattered diffusely through the core of the lower brain. Reticular neurons send signals to the ...
neuron-clusters
advqa_46
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What part of the brain handles sleep
The SCN projects to a set of areas in the hypothalamus, brainstem, and midbrain that are involved in implementing sleep-wake cycles. An important component of the system is the reticular formation, a group of neuron-clusters scattered diffusely through the core of the lower brain. Reticular neurons send signals to the ...
thalamus
advqa_47
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What ultimately controls how long you sleep?
The SCN projects to a set of areas in the hypothalamus, brainstem, and midbrain that are involved in implementing sleep-wake cycles. An important component of the system is the reticular formation, a group of neuron-clusters scattered diffusely through the core of the lower brain. Reticular neurons send signals to the ...
The SCN
advqa_48
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
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{}
What is another name for the suprachiasmatic nucleus?
The SCN projects to a set of areas in the hypothalamus, brainstem, and midbrain that are involved in implementing sleep-wake cycles. An important component of the system is the reticular formation, a group of neuron-clusters scattered diffusely through the core of the lower brain. Reticular neurons send signals to the ...
SCN
advqa_49
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Where is the suprachiasmatic nucleus lococated in the brain?
The SCN projects to a set of areas in the hypothalamus, brainstem, and midbrain that are involved in implementing sleep-wake cycles. An important component of the system is the reticular formation, a group of neuron-clusters scattered diffusely through the core of the lower brain. Reticular neurons send signals to the ...
hypothalamus
advqa_50
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What do the signals sent by the thalamus control?
The SCN projects to a set of areas in the hypothalamus, brainstem, and midbrain that are involved in implementing sleep-wake cycles. An important component of the system is the reticular formation, a group of neuron-clusters scattered diffusely through the core of the lower brain. Reticular neurons send signals to the ...
activity-level
advqa_51
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What part of the system receives messages from the reticular formation and then passes them on?
The SCN projects to a set of areas in the hypothalamus, brainstem, and midbrain that are involved in implementing sleep-wake cycles. An important component of the system is the reticular formation, a group of neuron-clusters scattered diffusely through the core of the lower brain. Reticular neurons send signals to the ...
thalamus
advqa_52
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What is at the highest level?
The brain contains several motor areas that project directly to the spinal cord. At the lowest level are motor areas in the medulla and pons, which control stereotyped movements such as walking, breathing, or swallowing. At a higher level are areas in the midbrain, such as the red nucleus, which is responsible for coor...
the primary motor cortex
advqa_53
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
How does the primary motor cortex allow us to fine tune our movements?
The brain contains several motor areas that project directly to the spinal cord. At the lowest level are motor areas in the medulla and pons, which control stereotyped movements such as walking, breathing, or swallowing. At a higher level are areas in the midbrain, such as the red nucleus, which is responsible for coor...
sends projections to the subcortical motor areas, but also sends a massive projection directly to the spinal cord
advqa_54
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What pathway does the motor cortex transfer projections to the spinal chord?
The brain contains several motor areas that project directly to the spinal cord. At the lowest level are motor areas in the medulla and pons, which control stereotyped movements such as walking, breathing, or swallowing. At a higher level are areas in the midbrain, such as the red nucleus, which is responsible for coor...
pyramidal tract
advqa_55
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What area of the brain tells us how to move our limbs?
The brain contains several motor areas that project directly to the spinal cord. At the lowest level are motor areas in the medulla and pons, which control stereotyped movements such as walking, breathing, or swallowing. At a higher level are areas in the midbrain, such as the red nucleus, which is responsible for coor...
midbrain
advqa_56
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What area of the brain controls functions of the body required for life?
The brain contains several motor areas that project directly to the spinal cord. At the lowest level are motor areas in the medulla and pons, which control stereotyped movements such as walking, breathing, or swallowing. At a higher level are areas in the midbrain, such as the red nucleus, which is responsible for coor...
the lowest level
advqa_57
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What areas of the brain communicate to the primary motor cortex?
The brain contains several motor areas that project directly to the spinal cord. At the lowest level are motor areas in the medulla and pons, which control stereotyped movements such as walking, breathing, or swallowing. At a higher level are areas in the midbrain, such as the red nucleus, which is responsible for coor...
premotor cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum
advqa_58
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What level of the brain controls walking?
The brain contains several motor areas that project directly to the spinal cord. At the lowest level are motor areas in the medulla and pons, which control stereotyped movements such as walking, breathing, or swallowing. At a higher level are areas in the midbrain, such as the red nucleus, which is responsible for coor...
the lowest
advqa_59
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What non-primary areas also sends projections to the primary motor areas?
The brain contains several motor areas that project directly to the spinal cord. At the lowest level are motor areas in the medulla and pons, which control stereotyped movements such as walking, breathing, or swallowing. At a higher level are areas in the midbrain, such as the red nucleus, which is responsible for coor...
the premotor cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum
advqa_60
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What areas does the primary motor cortex communicate to?
The brain contains several motor areas that project directly to the spinal cord. At the lowest level are motor areas in the medulla and pons, which control stereotyped movements such as walking, breathing, or swallowing. At a higher level are areas in the midbrain, such as the red nucleus, which is responsible for coor...
The primary motor cortex sends projections to the subcortical motor areas, but also sends a massive projection directly to the spinal cord
advqa_61
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What type of movements are the lowest motor areas responsible for?
The brain contains several motor areas that project directly to the spinal cord. At the lowest level are motor areas in the medulla and pons, which control stereotyped movements such as walking, breathing, or swallowing. At a higher level are areas in the midbrain, such as the red nucleus, which is responsible for coor...
walking, breathing, or swallowing
advqa_62
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What is the job of the primary motor cortex?
The brain contains several motor areas that project directly to the spinal cord. At the lowest level are motor areas in the medulla and pons, which control stereotyped movements such as walking, breathing, or swallowing. At a higher level are areas in the midbrain, such as the red nucleus, which is responsible for coor...
sends projections to the subcortical motor areas, but also sends a massive projection directly to the spinal cord
advqa_63
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What is located at the rear of the frontal lobe?
The brain contains several motor areas that project directly to the spinal cord. At the lowest level are motor areas in the medulla and pons, which control stereotyped movements such as walking, breathing, or swallowing. At a higher level are areas in the midbrain, such as the red nucleus, which is responsible for coor...
primary motor cortex
advqa_64
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What pathway allows direct corticospinal projections?
The brain contains several motor areas that project directly to the spinal cord. At the lowest level are motor areas in the medulla and pons, which control stereotyped movements such as walking, breathing, or swallowing. At a higher level are areas in the midbrain, such as the red nucleus, which is responsible for coor...
the pyramidal tract
advqa_65
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
How might a strategy for a minority party member vary?
Devise Minority Party Strategies. The minority leader, in consultation with other party colleagues, has a range of strategic options that he or she can employ to advance minority party objectives. The options selected depend on a wide range of circumstances, such as the visibility or significance of the issue and the d...
visibility or significance of the issue and the degree of cohesion within the majority party
advqa_66
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What is one thing the minority leader can do to advance minority causes and issues.
Devise Minority Party Strategies. The minority leader, in consultation with other party colleagues, has a range of strategic options that he or she can employ to advance minority party objectives. The options selected depend on a wide range of circumstances, such as the visibility or significance of the issue and the d...
Devise Minority Party Strategies
advqa_67
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
The minority party may have a better chance of advancing its objectives if the majority party lacks this
Devise Minority Party Strategies. The minority leader, in consultation with other party colleagues, has a range of strategic options that he or she can employ to advance minority party objectives. The options selected depend on a wide range of circumstances, such as the visibility or significance of the issue and the d...
high degrees of party cohesion
advqa_68
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Which party does the minority leader belong to?
Devise Minority Party Strategies. The minority leader, in consultation with other party colleagues, has a range of strategic options that he or she can employ to advance minority party objectives. The options selected depend on a wide range of circumstances, such as the visibility or significance of the issue and the d...
minority party
advqa_69
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What actions by the minority leader depends on the visibility of an objective?
Devise Minority Party Strategies. The minority leader, in consultation with other party colleagues, has a range of strategic options that he or she can employ to advance minority party objectives. The options selected depend on a wide range of circumstances, such as the visibility or significance of the issue and the d...
strategic options
advqa_70
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What is one common practice the minority party leader and his or her colleagues can use
Devise Minority Party Strategies. The minority leader, in consultation with other party colleagues, has a range of strategic options that he or she can employ to advance minority party objectives. The options selected depend on a wide range of circumstances, such as the visibility or significance of the issue and the d...
Devise Minority Party Strategies
advqa_71
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Is the minority leader limited as to the strategies he or she can do to advance the party's agenda?
Devise Minority Party Strategies. The minority leader, in consultation with other party colleagues, has a range of strategic options that he or she can employ to advance minority party objectives. The options selected depend on a wide range of circumstances, such as the visibility or significance of the issue and the d...
variable strategies available
advqa_72
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
When does the minority leader have more power?
Devise Minority Party Strategies. The minority leader, in consultation with other party colleagues, has a range of strategic options that he or she can employ to advance minority party objectives. The options selected depend on a wide range of circumstances, such as the visibility or significance of the issue and the d...
a majority party riven by internal dissension
advqa_73
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Who names minority party strategies?
Devise Minority Party Strategies. The minority leader, in consultation with other party colleagues, has a range of strategic options that he or she can employ to advance minority party objectives. The options selected depend on a wide range of circumstances, such as the visibility or significance of the issue and the d...
minority leader, in consultation with other party colleagues
advqa_74
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What is the party that is not the minority party?
Devise Minority Party Strategies. The minority leader, in consultation with other party colleagues, has a range of strategic options that he or she can employ to advance minority party objectives. The options selected depend on a wide range of circumstances, such as the visibility or significance of the issue and the d...
the majority party
advqa_75
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Which party was in the majority in the early 1900s?
Devise Minority Party Strategies. The minority leader, in consultation with other party colleagues, has a range of strategic options that he or she can employ to advance minority party objectives. The options selected depend on a wide range of circumstances, such as the visibility or significance of the issue and the d...
Republicans
advqa_76
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Why did the member of the Republican party didn't get elected as speaker by the end of the 20th century?
Second, Democrats have always elevated their minority floor leader to the speakership upon reclaiming majority status. Republicans have not always followed this leadership succession pattern. In 1919, for instance, Republicans bypassed James R. Mann, R-IL, who had been minority leader for eight years, and elected Frede...
had already announced his retirement and had little or no involvement in the campaign
advqa_77
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Why did the party symbolized by an elephant ignore for promotion a type of leader which their opponents normally promote, in the early 20th Century when they outnumbered their opponents in a specific branch of the US government?
Second, Democrats have always elevated their minority floor leader to the speakership upon reclaiming majority status. Republicans have not always followed this leadership succession pattern. In 1919, for instance, Republicans bypassed James R. Mann, R-IL, who had been minority leader for eight years, and elected Frede...
Mann "had angered many Republicans by objecting to their private bills on the floor
advqa_78
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Which election was the Contract with America unveiled closest to?
Second, Democrats have always elevated their minority floor leader to the speakership upon reclaiming majority status. Republicans have not always followed this leadership succession pattern. In 1919, for instance, Republicans bypassed James R. Mann, R-IL, who had been minority leader for eight years, and elected Frede...
the 1994 midterm elections
advqa_79
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What member of the Republican party wasn't elected as speaker by the end of the 20th century?
Second, Democrats have always elevated their minority floor leader to the speakership upon reclaiming majority status. Republicans have not always followed this leadership succession pattern. In 1919, for instance, Republicans bypassed James R. Mann, R-IL, who had been minority leader for eight years, and elected Frede...
Robert H. Michel
advqa_80
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Which party had the majority in 1918?
Second, Democrats have always elevated their minority floor leader to the speakership upon reclaiming majority status. Republicans have not always followed this leadership succession pattern. In 1919, for instance, Republicans bypassed James R. Mann, R-IL, who had been minority leader for eight years, and elected Frede...
Democrats
advqa_81
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
How did Republicans feel about Mann in 1919?
Second, Democrats have always elevated their minority floor leader to the speakership upon reclaiming majority status. Republicans have not always followed this leadership succession pattern. In 1919, for instance, Republicans bypassed James R. Mann, R-IL, who had been minority leader for eight years, and elected Frede...
angered
advqa_82
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What is the difference between Republicans and Democrats concerning the election of speaker once they aren't the minority in the house anymore?
Second, Democrats have always elevated their minority floor leader to the speakership upon reclaiming majority status. Republicans have not always followed this leadership succession pattern. In 1919, for instance, Republicans bypassed James R. Mann, R-IL, who had been minority leader for eight years, and elected Frede...
Democrats have always elevated their minority floor leader to the speakership upon reclaiming majority status
advqa_83
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Why did the party symbolized by an elephant ignore for promotion a type of leader which their opponents normally promote, in the late 20th Century when they outnumbered their opponents in a specific branch of the US government?
Second, Democrats have always elevated their minority floor leader to the speakership upon reclaiming majority status. Republicans have not always followed this leadership succession pattern. In 1919, for instance, Republicans bypassed James R. Mann, R-IL, who had been minority leader for eight years, and elected Frede...
he had already announced his retirement and had little or no involvement in the campaign
advqa_84
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Who was the Speaker in 1909?
Second, Democrats have always elevated their minority floor leader to the speakership upon reclaiming majority status. Republicans have not always followed this leadership succession pattern. In 1919, for instance, Republicans bypassed James R. Mann, R-IL, who had been minority leader for eight years, and elected Frede...
Joseph Cannon, R-IL
advqa_85
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Who did the party symbolized by an elephant pass over for promotion in the early 20th Century when they outnumbered their opponents in a specific branch of the US government?
Second, Democrats have always elevated their minority floor leader to the speakership upon reclaiming majority status. Republicans have not always followed this leadership succession pattern. In 1919, for instance, Republicans bypassed James R. Mann, R-IL, who had been minority leader for eight years, and elected Frede...
James R. Mann
advqa_86
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Which party had the majority in 1992?
Second, Democrats have always elevated their minority floor leader to the speakership upon reclaiming majority status. Republicans have not always followed this leadership succession pattern. In 1919, for instance, Republicans bypassed James R. Mann, R-IL, who had been minority leader for eight years, and elected Frede...
Democrats
advqa_87
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Who did the party symbolized by an elephant choose for promotion in the early 20th Century when they outnumbered their opponents in a specific branch of the US government?
Second, Democrats have always elevated their minority floor leader to the speakership upon reclaiming majority status. Republicans have not always followed this leadership succession pattern. In 1919, for instance, Republicans bypassed James R. Mann, R-IL, who had been minority leader for eight years, and elected Frede...
Frederick Gillett
advqa_88
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What type of person did the party symbolized by a donkey promote when they outnumbered their opponents in a specific branch of the US government?
Second, Democrats have always elevated their minority floor leader to the speakership upon reclaiming majority status. Republicans have not always followed this leadership succession pattern. In 1919, for instance, Republicans bypassed James R. Mann, R-IL, who had been minority leader for eight years, and elected Frede...
minority floor leader
advqa_89
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What does the D in "DCCC" stand for?
Provide Campaign Assistance. Minority leaders are typically energetic and aggressive campaigners for partisan incumbents and challengers. There is hardly any major aspect of campaigning that does not engage their attention. For example, they assist in recruiting qualified candidates; they establish "leadership PACs" to...
Democratic
advqa_90
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What does the second C in "DCCC" stand for?
Provide Campaign Assistance. Minority leaders are typically energetic and aggressive campaigners for partisan incumbents and challengers. There is hardly any major aspect of campaigning that does not engage their attention. For example, they assist in recruiting qualified candidates; they establish "leadership PACs" to...
Campaign
advqa_91
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Minority leaders worked to keep party holders from not doing what?
Provide Campaign Assistance. Minority leaders are typically energetic and aggressive campaigners for partisan incumbents and challengers. There is hardly any major aspect of campaigning that does not engage their attention. For example, they assist in recruiting qualified candidates; they establish "leadership PACs" to...
to retire or run for other offices so as to hold down the number of open seats the party would need to defend
advqa_92
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What does the second C in "DCCC" stand for?
Provide Campaign Assistance. Minority leaders are typically energetic and aggressive campaigners for partisan incumbents and challengers. There is hardly any major aspect of campaigning that does not engage their attention. For example, they assist in recruiting qualified candidates; they establish "leadership PACs" to...
Campaign
advqa_93
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Who is a strong worker for party represented by the donkey?
Provide Campaign Assistance. Minority leaders are typically energetic and aggressive campaigners for partisan incumbents and challengers. There is hardly any major aspect of campaigning that does not engage their attention. For example, they assist in recruiting qualified candidates; they establish "leadership PACs" to...
Gephardt
advqa_94
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What does the D in "DCCC stand for?
Provide Campaign Assistance. Minority leaders are typically energetic and aggressive campaigners for partisan incumbents and challengers. There is hardly any major aspect of campaigning that does not engage their attention. For example, they assist in recruiting qualified candidates; they establish "leadership PACs" to...
Democratic
advqa_95
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
Who do the leaders talk about and for?
Provide Campaign Assistance. Minority leaders are typically energetic and aggressive campaigners for partisan incumbents and challengers. There is hardly any major aspect of campaigning that does not engage their attention. For example, they assist in recruiting qualified candidates; they establish "leadership PACs" to...
party candidates
advqa_96
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What does the first C in "DCCC" stand for?
Provide Campaign Assistance. Minority leaders are typically energetic and aggressive campaigners for partisan incumbents and challengers. There is hardly any major aspect of campaigning that does not engage their attention. For example, they assist in recruiting qualified candidates; they establish "leadership PACs" to...
Congressional
advqa_97
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What does the first C in "DCCC" stand for?
Provide Campaign Assistance. Minority leaders are typically energetic and aggressive campaigners for partisan incumbents and challengers. There is hardly any major aspect of campaigning that does not engage their attention. For example, they assist in recruiting qualified candidates; they establish "leadership PACs" to...
Congressional
advqa_98
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
What does it mean to be forceful?
Provide Campaign Assistance. Minority leaders are typically energetic and aggressive campaigners for partisan incumbents and challengers. There is hardly any major aspect of campaigning that does not engage their attention. For example, they assist in recruiting qualified candidates; they establish "leadership PACs" to...
aggressive
advqa_99
adversarial_qa
expert
adversarial_reading_comprehension
null
[]
{}
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