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What gave the France's show of force power? | Napoleon III responded with a show of force, sending the ship of the line Charlemagne to the Black Sea. This action was a violation of the London Straits Convention.:104:19 Thus, France's show of force presented a real threat, and when combined with aggressive diplomacy and money, induced the Ottoman Sultan Abdülmecid ... | Napoleon III responded with a show of force, sending the ship of the line Charlemagne to the Black Sea. This action was a violation of the London Straits Convention | advqa_1400 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Why might have Greece been upset about France's involvement? | Napoleon III responded with a show of force, sending the ship of the line Charlemagne to the Black Sea. This action was a violation of the London Straits Convention.:104:19 Thus, France's show of force presented a real threat, and when combined with aggressive diplomacy and money, induced the Ottoman Sultan Abdülmecid ... | confirming France and the Roman Catholic Church as the supreme Christian authority with control over the Roman Catholic holy places and possession of the keys to the Church of the Nativity, previously held by the Greek Orthodox Church.:20 | advqa_1401 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What first prompted the new treaty that confirmed France and the Roman Catholic Church as the supreme Christian authority? | Napoleon III responded with a show of force, sending the ship of the line Charlemagne to the Black Sea. This action was a violation of the London Straits Convention.:104:19 Thus, France's show of force presented a real threat, and when combined with aggressive diplomacy and money, induced the Ottoman Sultan Abdülmecid ... | Napoleon III responded with a show of force, sending the ship of the line Charlemagne to the Black Sea | advqa_1402 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What type of things were in the line Charlemagne? | Napoleon III responded with a show of force, sending the ship of the line Charlemagne to the Black Sea. This action was a violation of the London Straits Convention.:104:19 Thus, France's show of force presented a real threat, and when combined with aggressive diplomacy and money, induced the Ottoman Sultan Abdülmecid ... | ship | advqa_1403 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who had supreme Christian authority prior to the treaty agreed to by the Ottoman Sultan Abdulmecid I? | Napoleon III responded with a show of force, sending the ship of the line Charlemagne to the Black Sea. This action was a violation of the London Straits Convention.:104:19 Thus, France's show of force presented a real threat, and when combined with aggressive diplomacy and money, induced the Ottoman Sultan Abdülmecid ... | the Greek Orthodox Church | advqa_1404 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What country violated the London Straits Convention? | Napoleon III responded with a show of force, sending the ship of the line Charlemagne to the Black Sea. This action was a violation of the London Straits Convention.:104:19 Thus, France's show of force presented a real threat, and when combined with aggressive diplomacy and money, induced the Ottoman Sultan Abdülmecid ... | France | advqa_1405 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What kind of positions were the Russians taking during these bombardments?? | For months each side had been building forward rifle pits and defensive positions, which resulted in many skirmishes. Artillery fire aiming to gain superiority over the enemy guns.:450–462 September saw the final assault. On 5 September, another French bombardment (the sixth) was followed by an assault by the French Ar... | defensive | advqa_1406 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
How many bombardments had the French made by September 5th? | For months each side had been building forward rifle pits and defensive positions, which resulted in many skirmishes. Artillery fire aiming to gain superiority over the enemy guns.:450–462 September saw the final assault. On 5 September, another French bombardment (the sixth) was followed by an assault by the French Ar... | (the sixth) | advqa_1407 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What's occurred since then? | For months each side had been building forward rifle pits and defensive positions, which resulted in many skirmishes. Artillery fire aiming to gain superiority over the enemy guns.:450–462 September saw the final assault. On 5 September, another French bombardment (the sixth) was followed by an assault by the French Ar... | resulted in many skirmishes | advqa_1408 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What was the status of Sevastopol until the French bombardments? | For months each side had been building forward rifle pits and defensive positions, which resulted in many skirmishes. Artillery fire aiming to gain superiority over the enemy guns.:450–462 September saw the final assault. On 5 September, another French bombardment (the sixth) was followed by an assault by the French Ar... | siege | advqa_1409 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who tried to regain control of the Malakoff? | For months each side had been building forward rifle pits and defensive positions, which resulted in many skirmishes. Artillery fire aiming to gain superiority over the enemy guns.:450–462 September saw the final assault. On 5 September, another French bombardment (the sixth) was followed by an assault by the French Ar... | the Russian defences | advqa_1410 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What was used to weaken positions? | For months each side had been building forward rifle pits and defensive positions, which resulted in many skirmishes. Artillery fire aiming to gain superiority over the enemy guns.:450–462 September saw the final assault. On 5 September, another French bombardment (the sixth) was followed by an assault by the French Ar... | Artillery fire | advqa_1411 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What country fought with the French? | For months each side had been building forward rifle pits and defensive positions, which resulted in many skirmishes. Artillery fire aiming to gain superiority over the enemy guns.:450–462 September saw the final assault. On 5 September, another French bombardment (the sixth) was followed by an assault by the French Ar... | the British | advqa_1412 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
On what date was the final assault? | For months each side had been building forward rifle pits and defensive positions, which resulted in many skirmishes. Artillery fire aiming to gain superiority over the enemy guns.:450–462 September saw the final assault. On 5 September, another French bombardment (the sixth) was followed by an assault by the French Ar... | 9 September 1855 | advqa_1413 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
How did the battle end? | For months each side had been building forward rifle pits and defensive positions, which resulted in many skirmishes. Artillery fire aiming to gain superiority over the enemy guns.:450–462 September saw the final assault. On 5 September, another French bombardment (the sixth) was followed by an assault by the French Ar... | The Russians retreated to the north, blowing up their magazines | advqa_1414 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Where was the British Army? | For months each side had been building forward rifle pits and defensive positions, which resulted in many skirmishes. Artillery fire aiming to gain superiority over the enemy guns.:450–462 September saw the final assault. On 5 September, another French bombardment (the sixth) was followed by an assault by the French Ar... | just south of the city of Sevastopol | advqa_1415 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
How many bombardments had the french made before September? | For months each side had been building forward rifle pits and defensive positions, which resulted in many skirmishes. Artillery fire aiming to gain superiority over the enemy guns.:450–462 September saw the final assault. On 5 September, another French bombardment (the sixth) was followed by an assault by the French Ar... | 5 | advqa_1416 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What caused the collapse of the Russian defenses? | For months each side had been building forward rifle pits and defensive positions, which resulted in many skirmishes. Artillery fire aiming to gain superiority over the enemy guns.:450–462 September saw the final assault. On 5 September, another French bombardment (the sixth) was followed by an assault by the French Ar... | failure to retake it | advqa_1417 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
How long was the battle? | For months each side had been building forward rifle pits and defensive positions, which resulted in many skirmishes. Artillery fire aiming to gain superiority over the enemy guns.:450–462 September saw the final assault. On 5 September, another French bombardment (the sixth) was followed by an assault by the French Ar... | 337-day-long | advqa_1418 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
How did the war affect the defeated party? | The Crimean War marked the ascendancy of France to the position of pre-eminent power on the Continent,:411 the continued decline of the Ottoman Empire, and the beginning of a decline for Tsarist Russia. As Fuller notes, "Russia had been beaten on the Crimean peninsula, and the military feared that it would inevitably b... | Russia had been beaten on the Crimean peninsula, and the military feared that it would inevitably be beaten again unless steps were taken to surmount its military weakness | advqa_1419 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Which strong group of power came crumbling as a result of the war? | The Crimean War marked the ascendancy of France to the position of pre-eminent power on the Continent,:411 the continued decline of the Ottoman Empire, and the beginning of a decline for Tsarist Russia. As Fuller notes, "Russia had been beaten on the Crimean peninsula, and the military feared that it would inevitably b... | the Concert of Europe | advqa_1420 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What controlled politics in the continent beforehand? | The Crimean War marked the ascendancy of France to the position of pre-eminent power on the Continent,:411 the continued decline of the Ottoman Empire, and the beginning of a decline for Tsarist Russia. As Fuller notes, "Russia had been beaten on the Crimean peninsula, and the military feared that it would inevitably b... | the Concert of Europe | advqa_1421 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Which event signaled the beginning of rule for the Concert of Europe? | The Crimean War marked the ascendancy of France to the position of pre-eminent power on the Continent,:411 the continued decline of the Ottoman Empire, and the beginning of a decline for Tsarist Russia. As Fuller notes, "Russia had been beaten on the Crimean peninsula, and the military feared that it would inevitably b... | the Congress of Vienna | advqa_1422 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What major era ended? | The Crimean War marked the ascendancy of France to the position of pre-eminent power on the Continent,:411 the continued decline of the Ottoman Empire, and the beginning of a decline for Tsarist Russia. As Fuller notes, "Russia had been beaten on the Crimean peninsula, and the military feared that it would inevitably b... | The Crimean War marks the demise of the Concert of Europe, the balance of power that had dominated Europe since the Congress of Vienna in 1815, and which had included France, Russia, Austria and the United Kingdom | advqa_1423 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What did France gain from the war? | The Crimean War marked the ascendancy of France to the position of pre-eminent power on the Continent,:411 the continued decline of the Ottoman Empire, and the beginning of a decline for Tsarist Russia. As Fuller notes, "Russia had been beaten on the Crimean peninsula, and the military feared that it would inevitably b... | the position of pre-eminent power on the Continent | advqa_1424 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Which of the following powers was NOT declining during the Crimean War: France, Russia or the Ottoman Empire? | The Crimean War marked the ascendancy of France to the position of pre-eminent power on the Continent,:411 the continued decline of the Ottoman Empire, and the beginning of a decline for Tsarist Russia. As Fuller notes, "Russia had been beaten on the Crimean peninsula, and the military feared that it would inevitably b... | France | advqa_1425 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What altered in history following the war? | The Crimean War marked the ascendancy of France to the position of pre-eminent power on the Continent,:411 the continued decline of the Ottoman Empire, and the beginning of a decline for Tsarist Russia. As Fuller notes, "Russia had been beaten on the Crimean peninsula, and the military feared that it would inevitably b... | the ascendancy of France to the position of pre-eminent power on the Continent | advqa_1426 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What empire began to show cracks? | The Crimean War marked the ascendancy of France to the position of pre-eminent power on the Continent,:411 the continued decline of the Ottoman Empire, and the beginning of a decline for Tsarist Russia. As Fuller notes, "Russia had been beaten on the Crimean peninsula, and the military feared that it would inevitably b... | Tsarist Russia | advqa_1427 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
While the French were rising, who was falling? | The Crimean War marked the ascendancy of France to the position of pre-eminent power on the Continent,:411 the continued decline of the Ottoman Empire, and the beginning of a decline for Tsarist Russia. As Fuller notes, "Russia had been beaten on the Crimean peninsula, and the military feared that it would inevitably b... | the Ottoman Empire, and the beginning of a decline for Tsarist Russia | advqa_1428 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What did Russia believe to be a large source of failure? | The Crimean War marked the ascendancy of France to the position of pre-eminent power on the Continent,:411 the continued decline of the Ottoman Empire, and the beginning of a decline for Tsarist Russia. As Fuller notes, "Russia had been beaten on the Crimean peninsula, and the military feared that it would inevitably b... | military weakness | advqa_1429 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Which nation was NOT included in the Conert of Europe? | The Crimean War marked the ascendancy of France to the position of pre-eminent power on the Continent,:411 the continued decline of the Ottoman Empire, and the beginning of a decline for Tsarist Russia. As Fuller notes, "Russia had been beaten on the Crimean peninsula, and the military feared that it would inevitably b... | Ottoman Empire | advqa_1430 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Which came later, the Congress of Vienna or the Crimean War? | The Crimean War marked the ascendancy of France to the position of pre-eminent power on the Continent,:411 the continued decline of the Ottoman Empire, and the beginning of a decline for Tsarist Russia. As Fuller notes, "Russia had been beaten on the Crimean peninsula, and the military feared that it would inevitably b... | Crimean War | advqa_1431 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Which event happened later, Russian forces laying siege to Calafat or the Ottomans beating the Russians in battle at Caracal? | Following the Ottoman ultimatum in September 1853, forces under the Ottoman general Omar Pasha crossed the Danube at Vidin and captured Calafat in October 1853. Simultaneously, in the east, the Ottomans crossed the Danube at Silistra and attacked the Russians at Oltenița. The resulting Battle of Oltenița was the first ... | battle at Caracal | advqa_1432 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who did Pasha want to defeat? | Following the Ottoman ultimatum in September 1853, forces under the Ottoman general Omar Pasha crossed the Danube at Vidin and captured Calafat in October 1853. Simultaneously, in the east, the Ottomans crossed the Danube at Silistra and attacked the Russians at Oltenița. The resulting Battle of Oltenița was the first ... | Russians | advqa_1433 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Which event took place first, the Battle of Oltenita or the capturing of Calafat? | Following the Ottoman ultimatum in September 1853, forces under the Ottoman general Omar Pasha crossed the Danube at Vidin and captured Calafat in October 1853. Simultaneously, in the east, the Ottomans crossed the Danube at Silistra and attacked the Russians at Oltenița. The resulting Battle of Oltenița was the first ... | captured Calafat | advqa_1434 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Did the Ottomans cross the Danube at Silistra first or at Vidin first? | Following the Ottoman ultimatum in September 1853, forces under the Ottoman general Omar Pasha crossed the Danube at Vidin and captured Calafat in October 1853. Simultaneously, in the east, the Ottomans crossed the Danube at Silistra and attacked the Russians at Oltenița. The resulting Battle of Oltenița was the first ... | Following | advqa_1435 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Where did most of the 1854 battle between the Ottoman and Russian forces occur? | Following the Ottoman ultimatum in September 1853, forces under the Ottoman general Omar Pasha crossed the Danube at Vidin and captured Calafat in October 1853. Simultaneously, in the east, the Ottomans crossed the Danube at Silistra and attacked the Russians at Oltenița. The resulting Battle of Oltenița was the first ... | Chetatea | advqa_1436 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
After which event did Ottoman forces capture Calafat? | Following the Ottoman ultimatum in September 1853, forces under the Ottoman general Omar Pasha crossed the Danube at Vidin and captured Calafat in October 1853. Simultaneously, in the east, the Ottomans crossed the Danube at Silistra and attacked the Russians at Oltenița. The resulting Battle of Oltenița was the first ... | the Ottoman ultimatum in September 1853 | advqa_1437 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Where in the east did the Ottomans begin war against the Russians? | Following the Ottoman ultimatum in September 1853, forces under the Ottoman general Omar Pasha crossed the Danube at Vidin and captured Calafat in October 1853. Simultaneously, in the east, the Ottomans crossed the Danube at Silistra and attacked the Russians at Oltenița. The resulting Battle of Oltenița was the first ... | Oltenița | advqa_1438 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who led the enemies of Pasha? | Following the Ottoman ultimatum in September 1853, forces under the Ottoman general Omar Pasha crossed the Danube at Vidin and captured Calafat in October 1853. Simultaneously, in the east, the Ottomans crossed the Danube at Silistra and attacked the Russians at Oltenița. The resulting Battle of Oltenița was the first ... | Russians | advqa_1439 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Where did the enemies of the Ottoman first meet them? | Following the Ottoman ultimatum in September 1853, forces under the Ottoman general Omar Pasha crossed the Danube at Vidin and captured Calafat in October 1853. Simultaneously, in the east, the Ottomans crossed the Danube at Silistra and attacked the Russians at Oltenița. The resulting Battle of Oltenița was the first ... | Oltenița | advqa_1440 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Why did the Ottoman forces attack the Russian forces nine miles north of Calafat? | Following the Ottoman ultimatum in September 1853, forces under the Ottoman general Omar Pasha crossed the Danube at Vidin and captured Calafat in October 1853. Simultaneously, in the east, the Ottomans crossed the Danube at Silistra and attacked the Russians at Oltenița. The resulting Battle of Oltenița was the first ... | the Russians made a move to recapture Calafat | advqa_1441 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Which battle took place after the other, the Ottomans beating the Russians at Caracal or the Battle of Oltenital? | Following the Ottoman ultimatum in September 1853, forces under the Ottoman general Omar Pasha crossed the Danube at Vidin and captured Calafat in October 1853. Simultaneously, in the east, the Ottomans crossed the Danube at Silistra and attacked the Russians at Oltenița. The resulting Battle of Oltenița was the first ... | battle at Caracal | advqa_1442 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who captured Calafat first, the Russians or Ottomans? | Following the Ottoman ultimatum in September 1853, forces under the Ottoman general Omar Pasha crossed the Danube at Vidin and captured Calafat in October 1853. Simultaneously, in the east, the Ottomans crossed the Danube at Silistra and attacked the Russians at Oltenița. The resulting Battle of Oltenița was the first ... | Ottomans | advqa_1443 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Where did the Ottomans beat the Russians for a second time? | Following the Ottoman ultimatum in September 1853, forces under the Ottoman general Omar Pasha crossed the Danube at Vidin and captured Calafat in October 1853. Simultaneously, in the east, the Ottomans crossed the Danube at Silistra and attacked the Russians at Oltenița. The resulting Battle of Oltenița was the first ... | Caracal | advqa_1444 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What previously acted as a buffer for the Ottomans? | For over 200 years, Russia had been expanding southwards across the sparsely populated "Wild Fields" toward the warm water ports of the Black Sea that did not freeze over like the handful of other ports available in the north. The goal was to promote year-round trade and a year-round navy.:11 Pursuit of this goal broug... | southern Ukraine | advqa_1445 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
The Black Sea is what of Russia? | For over 200 years, Russia had been expanding southwards across the sparsely populated "Wild Fields" toward the warm water ports of the Black Sea that did not freeze over like the handful of other ports available in the north. The goal was to promote year-round trade and a year-round navy.:11 Pursuit of this goal broug... | southwards | advqa_1446 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Southern water was desirable unlike the water in the? | For over 200 years, Russia had been expanding southwards across the sparsely populated "Wild Fields" toward the warm water ports of the Black Sea that did not freeze over like the handful of other ports available in the north. The goal was to promote year-round trade and a year-round navy.:11 Pursuit of this goal broug... | north | advqa_1447 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Northern water would? | For over 200 years, Russia had been expanding southwards across the sparsely populated "Wild Fields" toward the warm water ports of the Black Sea that did not freeze over like the handful of other ports available in the north. The goal was to promote year-round trade and a year-round navy.:11 Pursuit of this goal broug... | freeze | advqa_1448 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
__ converted to Islam in the 17th century. | For over 200 years, Russia had been expanding southwards across the sparsely populated "Wild Fields" toward the warm water ports of the Black Sea that did not freeze over like the handful of other ports available in the north. The goal was to promote year-round trade and a year-round navy.:11 Pursuit of this goal broug... | Circassians | advqa_1449 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
__ traditionally had several castes, until Russia invaded. | For over 200 years, Russia had been expanding southwards across the sparsely populated "Wild Fields" toward the warm water ports of the Black Sea that did not freeze over like the handful of other ports available in the north. The goal was to promote year-round trade and a year-round navy.:11 Pursuit of this goal broug... | Circassians | advqa_1450 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Why would a military power want access to warm water? | For over 200 years, Russia had been expanding southwards across the sparsely populated "Wild Fields" toward the warm water ports of the Black Sea that did not freeze over like the handful of other ports available in the north. The goal was to promote year-round trade and a year-round navy.:11 Pursuit of this goal broug... | year-round navy | advqa_1451 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Many __ are Sunni Muslim. | For over 200 years, Russia had been expanding southwards across the sparsely populated "Wild Fields" toward the warm water ports of the Black Sea that did not freeze over like the handful of other ports available in the north. The goal was to promote year-round trade and a year-round navy.:11 Pursuit of this goal broug... | Circassians | advqa_1452 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What would benefit Russia in conflict upon reaching the Warmer water? | For over 200 years, Russia had been expanding southwards across the sparsely populated "Wild Fields" toward the warm water ports of the Black Sea that did not freeze over like the handful of other ports available in the north. The goal was to promote year-round trade and a year-round navy.:11 Pursuit of this goal broug... | year-round navy | advqa_1453 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what is the first time span mentioned? | Sevastopol fell after eleven months, and formerly neutral countries began to join the allied cause. Isolated and facing a bleak prospect of invasion from the west if the war continued, Russia sued for peace in March 1856. This was welcomed by France and the UK, where the citizens began to turn against their governments... | eleven months | advqa_1454 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What colour is referred to in the Black Sea? | Sevastopol fell after eleven months, and formerly neutral countries began to join the allied cause. Isolated and facing a bleak prospect of invasion from the west if the war continued, Russia sued for peace in March 1856. This was welcomed by France and the UK, where the citizens began to turn against their governments... | Black | advqa_1455 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what is the last faith mentioned? | Sevastopol fell after eleven months, and formerly neutral countries began to join the allied cause. Isolated and facing a bleak prospect of invasion from the west if the war continued, Russia sued for peace in March 1856. This was welcomed by France and the UK, where the citizens began to turn against their governments... | Christian | advqa_1456 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What were France and the UK? | Sevastopol fell after eleven months, and formerly neutral countries began to join the allied cause. Isolated and facing a bleak prospect of invasion from the west if the war continued, Russia sued for peace in March 1856. This was welcomed by France and the UK, where the citizens began to turn against their governments... | allied | advqa_1457 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What could Russia not do, due to losing the war? | Sevastopol fell after eleven months, and formerly neutral countries began to join the allied cause. Isolated and facing a bleak prospect of invasion from the west if the war continued, Russia sued for peace in March 1856. This was welcomed by France and the UK, where the citizens began to turn against their governments... | The war was officially ended by the Treaty of Paris, signed on 30 March 1856. Russia lost the war, and was forbidden from hosting warships in the Black Sea | advqa_1458 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what is the first period in time mentioned? | Sevastopol fell after eleven months, and formerly neutral countries began to join the allied cause. Isolated and facing a bleak prospect of invasion from the west if the war continued, Russia sued for peace in March 1856. This was welcomed by France and the UK, where the citizens began to turn against their governments... | March 1856 | advqa_1459 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
The Treaty of Paris put a stop to? | Sevastopol fell after eleven months, and formerly neutral countries began to join the allied cause. Isolated and facing a bleak prospect of invasion from the west if the war continued, Russia sued for peace in March 1856. This was welcomed by France and the UK, where the citizens began to turn against their governments... | The war | advqa_1460 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What ended the war? | Sevastopol fell after eleven months, and formerly neutral countries began to join the allied cause. Isolated and facing a bleak prospect of invasion from the west if the war continued, Russia sued for peace in March 1856. This was welcomed by France and the UK, where the citizens began to turn against their governments... | This was welcomed by France and the UK, where the citizens began to turn against their governments as the war dragged on. The war was officially ended by the Treaty of Paris, signed on 30 March 1856 | advqa_1461 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what is the first place mentioned? | Sevastopol fell after eleven months, and formerly neutral countries began to join the allied cause. Isolated and facing a bleak prospect of invasion from the west if the war continued, Russia sued for peace in March 1856. This was welcomed by France and the UK, where the citizens began to turn against their governments... | Sevastopol | advqa_1462 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What city is referred to in the Treaty of Paris? | Sevastopol fell after eleven months, and formerly neutral countries began to join the allied cause. Isolated and facing a bleak prospect of invasion from the west if the war continued, Russia sued for peace in March 1856. This was welcomed by France and the UK, where the citizens began to turn against their governments... | Paris | advqa_1463 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what is the second to last faith mentioned? | Sevastopol fell after eleven months, and formerly neutral countries began to join the allied cause. Isolated and facing a bleak prospect of invasion from the west if the war continued, Russia sued for peace in March 1856. This was welcomed by France and the UK, where the citizens began to turn against their governments... | Orthodox | advqa_1464 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What came as a result of Russia's ban? | Sevastopol fell after eleven months, and formerly neutral countries began to join the allied cause. Isolated and facing a bleak prospect of invasion from the west if the war continued, Russia sued for peace in March 1856. This was welcomed by France and the UK, where the citizens began to turn against their governments... | Wallachia and Moldavia became largely independent | advqa_1465 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Where do Christians assemble to play? | Sevastopol fell after eleven months, and formerly neutral countries began to join the allied cause. Isolated and facing a bleak prospect of invasion from the west if the war continued, Russia sued for peace in March 1856. This was welcomed by France and the UK, where the citizens began to turn against their governments... | church | advqa_1466 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
How long did it take for the neutral countries to join the allied cause? | Sevastopol fell after eleven months, and formerly neutral countries began to join the allied cause. Isolated and facing a bleak prospect of invasion from the west if the war continued, Russia sued for peace in March 1856. This was welcomed by France and the UK, where the citizens began to turn against their governments... | after eleven months, and formerly neutral countries began to join the allied cause | advqa_1467 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Christians were subject to the power of? | Sevastopol fell after eleven months, and formerly neutral countries began to join the allied cause. Isolated and facing a bleak prospect of invasion from the west if the war continued, Russia sued for peace in March 1856. This was welcomed by France and the UK, where the citizens began to turn against their governments... | the Orthodox church | advqa_1468 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What do soldiers do in a line? | The Allies had had time to consider the problem. The French being brought around to agree that the key to the defence was the Malakoff.:441 Emphasis of the siege at Sevastopol shifted to the British left, against the fortifications on Malakoff hill.:339 In March, there was fighting by the French over a new fort being b... | March | advqa_1469 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who did not succeed at Mamelon? | The Allies had had time to consider the problem. The French being brought around to agree that the key to the defence was the Malakoff.:441 Emphasis of the siege at Sevastopol shifted to the British left, against the fortifications on Malakoff hill.:339 In March, there was fighting by the French over a new fort being b... | French | advqa_1470 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is a watch used to tell? | The Allies had had time to consider the problem. The French being brought around to agree that the key to the defence was the Malakoff.:441 Emphasis of the siege at Sevastopol shifted to the British left, against the fortifications on Malakoff hill.:339 In March, there was fighting by the French over a new fort being b... | time | advqa_1471 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Which side were the French on? | The Allies had had time to consider the problem. The French being brought around to agree that the key to the defence was the Malakoff.:441 Emphasis of the siege at Sevastopol shifted to the British left, against the fortifications on Malakoff hill.:339 In March, there was fighting by the French over a new fort being b... | Allies | advqa_1472 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who was on the opposite side to the French? | The Allies had had time to consider the problem. The French being brought around to agree that the key to the defence was the Malakoff.:441 Emphasis of the siege at Sevastopol shifted to the British left, against the fortifications on Malakoff hill.:339 In March, there was fighting by the French over a new fort being b... | Russians | advqa_1473 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is needed to unlock a door? | The Allies had had time to consider the problem. The French being brought around to agree that the key to the defence was the Malakoff.:441 Emphasis of the siege at Sevastopol shifted to the British left, against the fortifications on Malakoff hill.:339 In March, there was fighting by the French over a new fort being b... | key | advqa_1474 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is Canis familiaris? | In 2003, the ICZN ruled in its Opinion 2027 that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species, then the scientific name of that species is the scientific name of the wild animal. In 2005, the third edition of Mammal Species of the World upheld Opinion 2027 with the name Lupus and the n... | the dingo | advqa_1475 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is a group that likes to use Canis familiaris? | In 2003, the ICZN ruled in its Opinion 2027 that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species, then the scientific name of that species is the scientific name of the wild animal. In 2005, the third edition of Mammal Species of the World upheld Opinion 2027 with the name Lupus and the n... | internationally recognized researchers | advqa_1476 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what year was mentioned in the first paragraph? | In 2003, the ICZN ruled in its Opinion 2027 that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species, then the scientific name of that species is the scientific name of the wild animal. In 2005, the third edition of Mammal Species of the World upheld Opinion 2027 with the name Lupus and the n... | 2003 | advqa_1477 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
How did the ICZN make a ruling about wild animal names? | In 2003, the ICZN ruled in its Opinion 2027 that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species, then the scientific name of that species is the scientific name of the wild animal. In 2005, the third edition of Mammal Species of the World upheld Opinion 2027 with the name Lupus and the n... | in its Opinion 2027 | advqa_1478 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
dingo is a? | In 2003, the ICZN ruled in its Opinion 2027 that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species, then the scientific name of that species is the scientific name of the wild animal. In 2005, the third edition of Mammal Species of the World upheld Opinion 2027 with the name Lupus and the n... | dog | advqa_1479 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what classes of animal is friendly to man? | In 2003, the ICZN ruled in its Opinion 2027 that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species, then the scientific name of that species is the scientific name of the wild animal. In 2005, the third edition of Mammal Species of the World upheld Opinion 2027 with the name Lupus and the n... | domestic | advqa_1480 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
what is been disussed in the passage? | In 2003, the ICZN ruled in its Opinion 2027 that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species, then the scientific name of that species is the scientific name of the wild animal. In 2005, the third edition of Mammal Species of the World upheld Opinion 2027 with the name Lupus and the n... | animals | advqa_1481 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What do the names of wild animals and domesticated derivatives have in common? | In 2003, the ICZN ruled in its Opinion 2027 that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species, then the scientific name of that species is the scientific name of the wild animal. In 2005, the third edition of Mammal Species of the World upheld Opinion 2027 with the name Lupus and the n... | scientific name | advqa_1482 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is related to a dog? | In 2003, the ICZN ruled in its Opinion 2027 that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species, then the scientific name of that species is the scientific name of the wild animal. In 2005, the third edition of Mammal Species of the World upheld Opinion 2027 with the name Lupus and the n... | dingo | advqa_1483 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What sort of researches used Canis familiaris? | In 2003, the ICZN ruled in its Opinion 2027 that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species, then the scientific name of that species is the scientific name of the wild animal. In 2005, the third edition of Mammal Species of the World upheld Opinion 2027 with the name Lupus and the n... | internationally recognized | advqa_1484 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What can users make a choice about? | In 2003, the ICZN ruled in its Opinion 2027 that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species, then the scientific name of that species is the scientific name of the wild animal. In 2005, the third edition of Mammal Species of the World upheld Opinion 2027 with the name Lupus and the n... | name | advqa_1485 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What performed worse than an Australian dingo at non-social problem solving? | Dog intelligence is the ability of the dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems. Dogs have been shown to learn by inference. A study with Rico showed that he knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly... | domestic dogs | advqa_1486 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What level of vocabulary did the working and herding dog know? | Dog intelligence is the ability of the dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems. Dogs have been shown to learn by inference. A study with Rico showed that he knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly... | over 1,000 words | advqa_1487 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who knew more, Rico or Chaser? | Dog intelligence is the ability of the dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems. Dogs have been shown to learn by inference. A study with Rico showed that he knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly... | Chaser | advqa_1488 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
How was the canine referred to who retained more than 200 things? | Dog intelligence is the ability of the dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems. Dogs have been shown to learn by inference. A study with Rico showed that he knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly... | Rico | advqa_1489 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What was Chaser's claim to fame? | Dog intelligence is the ability of the dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems. Dogs have been shown to learn by inference. A study with Rico showed that he knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly... | learned the names and could associate by verbal command over 1,000 words | advqa_1490 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What's everything a dog can understand with people? | Dog intelligence is the ability of the dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems. Dogs have been shown to learn by inference. A study with Rico showed that he knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly... | human body language such as gesturing and pointing, and to understand human voice commands | advqa_1491 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who knew less, Chaser or Rico? | Dog intelligence is the ability of the dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems. Dogs have been shown to learn by inference. A study with Rico showed that he knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly... | Rico | advqa_1492 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
When modern domestic dogs have a problem, what is the source of their problem solving? | Dog intelligence is the ability of the dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems. Dogs have been shown to learn by inference. A study with Rico showed that he knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly... | humans | advqa_1493 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is the method by which canines get information? | Dog intelligence is the ability of the dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems. Dogs have been shown to learn by inference. A study with Rico showed that he knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly... | inference | advqa_1494 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What help do domestic dogs seek when faced with an impossible task? | Dog intelligence is the ability of the dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems. Dogs have been shown to learn by inference. A study with Rico showed that he knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly... | look at the human | advqa_1495 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What other type of animals did dogs perform worse than? | Dog intelligence is the ability of the dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems. Dogs have been shown to learn by inference. A study with Rico showed that he knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly... | socialized wolves | advqa_1496 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What method was used to teach Rico a new object? | Dog intelligence is the ability of the dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems. Dogs have been shown to learn by inference. A study with Rico showed that he knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly... | exclusion learning | advqa_1497 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What type of proof is there about the abilities of Australian dingos? | Dog intelligence is the ability of the dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems. Dogs have been shown to learn by inference. A study with Rico showed that he knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly... | compelling | advqa_1498 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
A proposed explanation for a phenomenon that can be tested is a? | Anthropologists believe the most significant benefit would have been the use of dogs' robust sense of smell to assist with the hunt. The relationship between the presence of a dog and success in the hunt is often mentioned as a primary reason for the domestication of the wolf, and a 2004 study of hunter groups with and... | hypothesis | advqa_1499 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
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