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For what reason are there no more samurai? | In the 1500s a new type of armor started to become popular due to the advent of firearms, new fighting tactics and the need for additional protection. The kozane dou made from individual scales was replaced by plate armor. This new armor, which used iron plated dou (dō), was referred to as Tosei-gusoku, or modern armor... | the last samurai rebellion was crushed | advqa_2300 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is official name of the thing that came into existence thanks to, along with other things, new fighting tactics? | In the 1500s a new type of armor started to become popular due to the advent of firearms, new fighting tactics and the need for additional protection. The kozane dou made from individual scales was replaced by plate armor. This new armor, which used iron plated dou (dō), was referred to as Tosei-gusoku, or modern armor... | Tosei-gusoku | advqa_2301 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Why wasn't the armor used by samurai able to stay the same? | In the 1500s a new type of armor started to become popular due to the advent of firearms, new fighting tactics and the need for additional protection. The kozane dou made from individual scales was replaced by plate armor. This new armor, which used iron plated dou (dō), was referred to as Tosei-gusoku, or modern armor... | samurai warfare changed | advqa_2302 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
How were people able to protect themselves when the samurai ultimately failed? | In the 1500s a new type of armor started to become popular due to the advent of firearms, new fighting tactics and the need for additional protection. The kozane dou made from individual scales was replaced by plate armor. This new armor, which used iron plated dou (dō), was referred to as Tosei-gusoku, or modern armor... | uniforms | advqa_2303 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
This new armor could be considered to be called what to us? | In the 1500s a new type of armor started to become popular due to the advent of firearms, new fighting tactics and the need for additional protection. The kozane dou made from individual scales was replaced by plate armor. This new armor, which used iron plated dou (dō), was referred to as Tosei-gusoku, or modern armor... | modern armor | advqa_2304 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What caused the rise of plate armor? | In the 1500s a new type of armor started to become popular due to the advent of firearms, new fighting tactics and the need for additional protection. The kozane dou made from individual scales was replaced by plate armor. This new armor, which used iron plated dou (dō), was referred to as Tosei-gusoku, or modern armor... | the advent of firearms, new fighting tactics and the need for additional protection | advqa_2305 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is something that firearms helped usher into the world? | In the 1500s a new type of armor started to become popular due to the advent of firearms, new fighting tactics and the need for additional protection. The kozane dou made from individual scales was replaced by plate armor. This new armor, which used iron plated dou (dō), was referred to as Tosei-gusoku, or modern armor... | plate armor | advqa_2306 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who is in charge of sifting through intentional or accidental variants? | When comparing different documents, or "witnesses", of a single, original text, the observed differences are called variant readings, or simply variants or readings. It is not always apparent which single variant represents the author's original work. The process of textual criticism seeks to explain how each variant m... | textual critic | advqa_2307 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What are variant readings? | When comparing different documents, or "witnesses", of a single, original text, the observed differences are called variant readings, or simply variants or readings. It is not always apparent which single variant represents the author's original work. The process of textual criticism seeks to explain how each variant m... | When comparing different documents, or "witnesses", of a single, original text, the observed differences are called variant readings | advqa_2308 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What does a critical text do for a piece of writing? | When comparing different documents, or "witnesses", of a single, original text, the observed differences are called variant readings, or simply variants or readings. It is not always apparent which single variant represents the author's original work. The process of textual criticism seeks to explain how each variant m... | intended to best approximate the original | advqa_2309 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is a variant reading? | When comparing different documents, or "witnesses", of a single, original text, the observed differences are called variant readings, or simply variants or readings. It is not always apparent which single variant represents the author's original work. The process of textual criticism seeks to explain how each variant m... | When comparing different documents, or "witnesses", of a single, original text, the observed differences | advqa_2310 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is a variant or reading? | When comparing different documents, or "witnesses", of a single, original text, the observed differences are called variant readings, or simply variants or readings. It is not always apparent which single variant represents the author's original work. The process of textual criticism seeks to explain how each variant m... | When comparing different documents, or "witnesses", of a single, original text, the observed differences are called variant readings | advqa_2311 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is a variant reading? | When comparing different documents, or "witnesses", of a single, original text, the observed differences are called variant readings, or simply variants or readings. It is not always apparent which single variant represents the author's original work. The process of textual criticism seeks to explain how each variant m... | comparing different documents, or "witnesses", of a single, original text | advqa_2312 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is the relation of a critical edition to an original text? | When comparing different documents, or "witnesses", of a single, original text, the observed differences are called variant readings, or simply variants or readings. It is not always apparent which single variant represents the author's original work. The process of textual criticism seeks to explain how each variant m... | is intended to best approximate the original | advqa_2313 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What two things are crucial to the critical text when it is being written? | When comparing different documents, or "witnesses", of a single, original text, the observed differences are called variant readings, or simply variants or readings. It is not always apparent which single variant represents the author's original work. The process of textual criticism seeks to explain how each variant m... | relation of extant witnesses to the reconstructed original is apparent to a reader | advqa_2314 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What documents are necessary in criticizing text? | When comparing different documents, or "witnesses", of a single, original text, the observed differences are called variant readings, or simply variants or readings. It is not always apparent which single variant represents the author's original work. The process of textual criticism seeks to explain how each variant m... | variant readings | advqa_2315 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Text can either be included by intention or what? | When comparing different documents, or "witnesses", of a single, original text, the observed differences are called variant readings, or simply variants or readings. It is not always apparent which single variant represents the author's original work. The process of textual criticism seeks to explain how each variant m... | by accident | advqa_2316 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What should a critical text accomplish? | When comparing different documents, or "witnesses", of a single, original text, the observed differences are called variant readings, or simply variants or readings. It is not always apparent which single variant represents the author's original work. The process of textual criticism seeks to explain how each variant m... | best approximate the original. At the same time, the critical text should document variant readings | advqa_2317 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What does a textual critic make after going through a piece of writing? | When comparing different documents, or "witnesses", of a single, original text, the observed differences are called variant readings, or simply variants or readings. It is not always apparent which single variant represents the author's original work. The process of textual criticism seeks to explain how each variant m... | "critical text" | advqa_2318 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What should a critic accomplish with the text? | When comparing different documents, or "witnesses", of a single, original text, the observed differences are called variant readings, or simply variants or readings. It is not always apparent which single variant represents the author's original work. The process of textual criticism seeks to explain how each variant m... | eliminating those most likely to be un-original | advqa_2319 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What evidence is used as a rubric for critics? | When comparing different documents, or "witnesses", of a single, original text, the observed differences are called variant readings, or simply variants or readings. It is not always apparent which single variant represents the author's original work. The process of textual criticism seeks to explain how each variant m... | both "external" evidence (the age, provenance, and affiliation of each witness) and "internal" or "physical" considerations | advqa_2320 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
How would a critical edition be determined? | When comparing different documents, or "witnesses", of a single, original text, the observed differences are called variant readings, or simply variants or readings. It is not always apparent which single variant represents the author's original work. The process of textual criticism seeks to explain how each variant m... | sort through the variants, eliminating those most likely to be un-original | advqa_2321 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Greek plays and the Bible are considered what kind of texts? | Many ancient works, such as the Bible and the Greek tragedies,[citation needed] survive in hundreds of copies, and the relationship of each copy to the original may be unclear. Textual scholars have debated for centuries which sources are most closely derived from the original, hence which readings in those sources are... | ancient | advqa_2322 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What new early text raises questions about an ancient work's original sourcing? | Many ancient works, such as the Bible and the Greek tragedies,[citation needed] survive in hundreds of copies, and the relationship of each copy to the original may be unclear. Textual scholars have debated for centuries which sources are most closely derived from the original, hence which readings in those sources are... | Sana'a manuscripts | advqa_2323 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What are biblical books compared to? | Many ancient works, such as the Bible and the Greek tragedies,[citation needed] survive in hundreds of copies, and the relationship of each copy to the original may be unclear. Textual scholars have debated for centuries which sources are most closely derived from the original, hence which readings in those sources are... | Greek plays | advqa_2324 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is Qur'an? | Many ancient works, such as the Bible and the Greek tragedies,[citation needed] survive in hundreds of copies, and the relationship of each copy to the original may be unclear. Textual scholars have debated for centuries which sources are most closely derived from the original, hence which readings in those sources are... | biblical books | advqa_2325 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What do textual scholars study? | Many ancient works, such as the Bible and the Greek tragedies,[citation needed] survive in hundreds of copies, and the relationship of each copy to the original may be unclear. Textual scholars have debated for centuries which sources are most closely derived from the original, hence which readings in those sources are... | ancient works | advqa_2326 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is Gospels? | Many ancient works, such as the Bible and the Greek tragedies,[citation needed] survive in hundreds of copies, and the relationship of each copy to the original may be unclear. Textual scholars have debated for centuries which sources are most closely derived from the original, hence which readings in those sources are... | biblical books | advqa_2327 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What do scholars look for in order to determine if they have an accurate interpretation of an ancient work? | Many ancient works, such as the Bible and the Greek tragedies,[citation needed] survive in hundreds of copies, and the relationship of each copy to the original may be unclear. Textual scholars have debated for centuries which sources are most closely derived from the original, hence which readings in those sources are... | the original | advqa_2328 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What types of works are likely to have one original? | Many ancient works, such as the Bible and the Greek tragedies,[citation needed] survive in hundreds of copies, and the relationship of each copy to the original may be unclear. Textual scholars have debated for centuries which sources are most closely derived from the original, hence which readings in those sources are... | Greek plays | advqa_2329 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Which Bible books are considered to have been translated from a single original? | Many ancient works, such as the Bible and the Greek tragedies,[citation needed] survive in hundreds of copies, and the relationship of each copy to the original may be unclear. Textual scholars have debated for centuries which sources are most closely derived from the original, hence which readings in those sources are... | biblical books that are letters | advqa_2330 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What ancient work, in addition to the Bible, is under scrutiny due to a 1972 discovery? | Many ancient works, such as the Bible and the Greek tragedies,[citation needed] survive in hundreds of copies, and the relationship of each copy to the original may be unclear. Textual scholars have debated for centuries which sources are most closely derived from the original, hence which readings in those sources are... | Qur'an | advqa_2331 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
How can you improve the text? | Many ancient works, such as the Bible and the Greek tragedies,[citation needed] survive in hundreds of copies, and the relationship of each copy to the original may be unclear. Textual scholars have debated for centuries which sources are most closely derived from the original, hence which readings in those sources are... | citation | advqa_2332 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is Sana's manuscripts? | Many ancient works, such as the Bible and the Greek tragedies,[citation needed] survive in hundreds of copies, and the relationship of each copy to the original may be unclear. Textual scholars have debated for centuries which sources are most closely derived from the original, hence which readings in those sources are... | biblical books | advqa_2333 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Muslims do not like? | In the English language, the works of Shakespeare have been a particularly fertile ground for textual criticism—both because the texts, as transmitted, contain a considerable amount of variation, and because the effort and expense of producing superior editions of his works have always been widely viewed as worthwhile.... | textual criticism | advqa_2334 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Name a religion in the article that has an issue with textual criticism. | In the English language, the works of Shakespeare have been a particularly fertile ground for textual criticism—both because the texts, as transmitted, contain a considerable amount of variation, and because the effort and expense of producing superior editions of his works have always been widely viewed as worthwhile.... | Jewish | advqa_2335 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Which of the three religious mentioned in the article does NOT have a problem with textual criticism? | In the English language, the works of Shakespeare have been a particularly fertile ground for textual criticism—both because the texts, as transmitted, contain a considerable amount of variation, and because the effort and expense of producing superior editions of his works have always been widely viewed as worthwhile.... | Christianity | advqa_2336 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
which text begins with a T | In the English language, the works of Shakespeare have been a particularly fertile ground for textual criticism—both because the texts, as transmitted, contain a considerable amount of variation, and because the effort and expense of producing superior editions of his works have always been widely viewed as worthwhile.... | Torah | advqa_2337 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Jews aren't ok with? | In the English language, the works of Shakespeare have been a particularly fertile ground for textual criticism—both because the texts, as transmitted, contain a considerable amount of variation, and because the effort and expense of producing superior editions of his works have always been widely viewed as worthwhile.... | textual criticism | advqa_2338 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Christianity is receptive of criticism of the | In the English language, the works of Shakespeare have been a particularly fertile ground for textual criticism—both because the texts, as transmitted, contain a considerable amount of variation, and because the effort and expense of producing superior editions of his works have always been widely viewed as worthwhile.... | Bible | advqa_2339 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Shakespeare wrote in? | In the English language, the works of Shakespeare have been a particularly fertile ground for textual criticism—both because the texts, as transmitted, contain a considerable amount of variation, and because the effort and expense of producing superior editions of his works have always been widely viewed as worthwhile.... | English | advqa_2340 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Which religious text, other than the Torah and Qur'an, is mentioned in the article? | In the English language, the works of Shakespeare have been a particularly fertile ground for textual criticism—both because the texts, as transmitted, contain a considerable amount of variation, and because the effort and expense of producing superior editions of his works have always been widely viewed as worthwhile.... | the Bible | advqa_2341 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Lachmann died? | Stemmatics, stemmology or stemmatology is a rigorous approach to textual criticism. Karl Lachmann (1793–1851) greatly contributed to making this method famous, even though he did not invent it. The method takes its name from the word stemma. The Ancient Greek word στέμματα and its loanword in classical Latin stemmata m... | 1851 | advqa_2342 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is the origin of the word stemmatics? | Stemmatics, stemmology or stemmatology is a rigorous approach to textual criticism. Karl Lachmann (1793–1851) greatly contributed to making this method famous, even though he did not invent it. The method takes its name from the word stemma. The Ancient Greek word στέμματα and its loanword in classical Latin stemmata m... | the word stemma | advqa_2343 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Did Lachman die in 1851 or 1793? | Stemmatics, stemmology or stemmatology is a rigorous approach to textual criticism. Karl Lachmann (1793–1851) greatly contributed to making this method famous, even though he did not invent it. The method takes its name from the word stemma. The Ancient Greek word στέμματα and its loanword in classical Latin stemmata m... | 1851 | advqa_2344 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Karl Lachmann is not the creator of? | Stemmatics, stemmology or stemmatology is a rigorous approach to textual criticism. Karl Lachmann (1793–1851) greatly contributed to making this method famous, even though he did not invent it. The method takes its name from the word stemma. The Ancient Greek word στέμματα and its loanword in classical Latin stemmata m... | Stemmatics, stemmology or stemmatology | advqa_2345 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is a popular tool for ancestry? | Stemmatics, stemmology or stemmatology is a rigorous approach to textual criticism. Karl Lachmann (1793–1851) greatly contributed to making this method famous, even though he did not invent it. The method takes its name from the word stemma. The Ancient Greek word στέμματα and its loanword in classical Latin stemmata m... | family tree | advqa_2346 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
When was the man who made stemmatics popular, born? | Stemmatics, stemmology or stemmatology is a rigorous approach to textual criticism. Karl Lachmann (1793–1851) greatly contributed to making this method famous, even though he did not invent it. The method takes its name from the word stemma. The Ancient Greek word στέμματα and its loanword in classical Latin stemmata m... | 1793 | advqa_2347 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What methods works from the principle that a community of errors implies community of origin? | Stemmatics, stemmology or stemmatology is a rigorous approach to textual criticism. Karl Lachmann (1793–1851) greatly contributed to making this method famous, even though he did not invent it. The method takes its name from the word stemma. The Ancient Greek word στέμματα and its loanword in classical Latin stemmata m... | Stemmatics | advqa_2348 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
The meaning of what word shows the relationship of the surviving witnesses? | Stemmatics, stemmology or stemmatology is a rigorous approach to textual criticism. Karl Lachmann (1793–1851) greatly contributed to making this method famous, even though he did not invent it. The method takes its name from the word stemma. The Ancient Greek word στέμματα and its loanword in classical Latin stemmata m... | στέμματα | advqa_2349 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Stemmata is a kind of? | Stemmatics, stemmology or stemmatology is a rigorous approach to textual criticism. Karl Lachmann (1793–1851) greatly contributed to making this method famous, even though he did not invent it. The method takes its name from the word stemma. The Ancient Greek word στέμματα and its loanword in classical Latin stemmata m... | loanword | advqa_2350 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who can be assumed were reliable in signing their revisions? | Maas comments further that "A dictation revised by the author must be regarded as equivalent to an autograph manuscript". The lack of autograph manuscripts applies to many cultures other than Greek and Roman. In such a situation, a key objective becomes the identification of the first exemplar before any split in the t... | Greek and Roman | advqa_2351 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What should be taken into account? | Maas comments further that "A dictation revised by the author must be regarded as equivalent to an autograph manuscript". The lack of autograph manuscripts applies to many cultures other than Greek and Roman. In such a situation, a key objective becomes the identification of the first exemplar before any split in the t... | The lack of autograph manuscripts applies to many cultures other than Greek and Roman | advqa_2352 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
The manuscripts were what to be applied to many other cultures? | Maas comments further that "A dictation revised by the author must be regarded as equivalent to an autograph manuscript". The lack of autograph manuscripts applies to many cultures other than Greek and Roman. In such a situation, a key objective becomes the identification of the first exemplar before any split in the t... | lack | advqa_2353 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
How does Maas view this? | Maas comments further that "A dictation revised by the author must be regarded as equivalent to an autograph manuscript". The lack of autograph manuscripts applies to many cultures other than Greek and Roman. In such a situation, a key objective becomes the identification of the first exemplar before any split in the t... | "If we succeed in establishing the text of [the archetype], the constitutio (reconstruction of the original) is considerably advanced | advqa_2354 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Where could you find the culprits who made identification hard? | Maas comments further that "A dictation revised by the author must be regarded as equivalent to an autograph manuscript". The lack of autograph manuscripts applies to many cultures other than Greek and Roman. In such a situation, a key objective becomes the identification of the first exemplar before any split in the t... | cultures other than Greek and Roman | advqa_2355 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
How do the cultures differ? | Maas comments further that "A dictation revised by the author must be regarded as equivalent to an autograph manuscript". The lack of autograph manuscripts applies to many cultures other than Greek and Roman. In such a situation, a key objective becomes the identification of the first exemplar before any split in the t... | dictation revised by the author must be regarded as equivalent to an autograph manuscript" | advqa_2356 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who writes a manuscript? | Maas comments further that "A dictation revised by the author must be regarded as equivalent to an autograph manuscript". The lack of autograph manuscripts applies to many cultures other than Greek and Roman. In such a situation, a key objective becomes the identification of the first exemplar before any split in the t... | author | advqa_2357 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What would be hard to determine without an autograph? | Maas comments further that "A dictation revised by the author must be regarded as equivalent to an autograph manuscript". The lack of autograph manuscripts applies to many cultures other than Greek and Roman. In such a situation, a key objective becomes the identification of the first exemplar before any split in the t... | identification | advqa_2358 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Mass comments go were for that A dictation revised by the author must be regarded as equivalent to an autograph manuscript? | Maas comments further that "A dictation revised by the author must be regarded as equivalent to an autograph manuscript". The lack of autograph manuscripts applies to many cultures other than Greek and Roman. In such a situation, a key objective becomes the identification of the first exemplar before any split in the t... | further | advqa_2359 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
How does the study work? | Maas comments further that "A dictation revised by the author must be regarded as equivalent to an autograph manuscript". The lack of autograph manuscripts applies to many cultures other than Greek and Roman. In such a situation, a key objective becomes the identification of the first exemplar before any split in the t... | In such a situation, a key objective becomes the identification of the first exemplar before any split in the tradition. That exemplar is known as the archetype | advqa_2360 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
How does this play out in histroy? | Maas comments further that "A dictation revised by the author must be regarded as equivalent to an autograph manuscript". The lack of autograph manuscripts applies to many cultures other than Greek and Roman. In such a situation, a key objective becomes the identification of the first exemplar before any split in the t... | The lack of autograph manuscripts applies to many cultures other than Greek and Roman | advqa_2361 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What allowed for higher understanding and better translation? | Maas comments further that "A dictation revised by the author must be regarded as equivalent to an autograph manuscript". The lack of autograph manuscripts applies to many cultures other than Greek and Roman. In such a situation, a key objective becomes the identification of the first exemplar before any split in the t... | succeed in establishing the text of [the archetype], the constitutio (reconstruction of the original) is considerably advanced | advqa_2362 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Manuscripts include words also called? | Maas comments further that "A dictation revised by the author must be regarded as equivalent to an autograph manuscript". The lack of autograph manuscripts applies to many cultures other than Greek and Roman. In such a situation, a key objective becomes the identification of the first exemplar before any split in the t... | text | advqa_2363 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Greek and Roman are examples of? | Maas comments further that "A dictation revised by the author must be regarded as equivalent to an autograph manuscript". The lack of autograph manuscripts applies to many cultures other than Greek and Roman. In such a situation, a key objective becomes the identification of the first exemplar before any split in the t... | cultures | advqa_2364 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
In what situation is a key objective becoming the identification of the first exemplar? | Maas comments further that "A dictation revised by the author must be regarded as equivalent to an autograph manuscript". The lack of autograph manuscripts applies to many cultures other than Greek and Roman. In such a situation, a key objective becomes the identification of the first exemplar before any split in the t... | The lack of autograph manuscripts | advqa_2365 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Another term for blacks | Widespread segregation in 19th- and early 20th-century North America made it difficult for African-Americans to join Lodges outside of Prince Hall jurisdictions – and impossible for inter-jurisdiction recognition between the parallel U.S. Masonic authorities. By the 1980s, such discrimination was a thing of the past, a... | African-Americans | advqa_2366 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
When did the segregation end | Widespread segregation in 19th- and early 20th-century North America made it difficult for African-Americans to join Lodges outside of Prince Hall jurisdictions – and impossible for inter-jurisdiction recognition between the parallel U.S. Masonic authorities. By the 1980s, such discrimination was a thing of the past, a... | 1980s | advqa_2367 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Which people can join Masonic lodges? | Widespread segregation in 19th- and early 20th-century North America made it difficult for African-Americans to join Lodges outside of Prince Hall jurisdictions – and impossible for inter-jurisdiction recognition between the parallel U.S. Masonic authorities. By the 1980s, such discrimination was a thing of the past, a... | men | advqa_2368 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Who can go to Prince Hall lodge? | Widespread segregation in 19th- and early 20th-century North America made it difficult for African-Americans to join Lodges outside of Prince Hall jurisdictions – and impossible for inter-jurisdiction recognition between the parallel U.S. Masonic authorities. By the 1980s, such discrimination was a thing of the past, a... | all men | advqa_2369 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
When did the segregation of lodges end? | Widespread segregation in 19th- and early 20th-century North America made it difficult for African-Americans to join Lodges outside of Prince Hall jurisdictions – and impossible for inter-jurisdiction recognition between the parallel U.S. Masonic authorities. By the 1980s, such discrimination was a thing of the past, a... | 1980s | advqa_2370 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What are the lodges for | Widespread segregation in 19th- and early 20th-century North America made it difficult for African-Americans to join Lodges outside of Prince Hall jurisdictions – and impossible for inter-jurisdiction recognition between the parallel U.S. Masonic authorities. By the 1980s, such discrimination was a thing of the past, a... | Masonic | advqa_2371 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is different about Prince Hall lodges? | Widespread segregation in 19th- and early 20th-century North America made it difficult for African-Americans to join Lodges outside of Prince Hall jurisdictions – and impossible for inter-jurisdiction recognition between the parallel U.S. Masonic authorities. By the 1980s, such discrimination was a thing of the past, a... | black Americans | advqa_2372 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What are Prince Hall lodges considered to be today? | Widespread segregation in 19th- and early 20th-century North America made it difficult for African-Americans to join Lodges outside of Prince Hall jurisdictions – and impossible for inter-jurisdiction recognition between the parallel U.S. Masonic authorities. By the 1980s, such discrimination was a thing of the past, a... | open to all men regardless of race or religion | advqa_2373 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Why was it difficult for African-Americans to get into a lodge? | Widespread segregation in 19th- and early 20th-century North America made it difficult for African-Americans to join Lodges outside of Prince Hall jurisdictions – and impossible for inter-jurisdiction recognition between the parallel U.S. Masonic authorities. By the 1980s, such discrimination was a thing of the past, a... | segregation | advqa_2374 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What does a mason swear to do? | During the ceremony of initiation, the candidate is expected to swear (usually on a volume of sacred text appropriate to his personal religious faith) to fulfil certain obligations as a Mason. In the course of three degrees, new masons will promise to keep the secrets of their degree from lower degrees and outsiders, a... | keep the secrets of their degree from lower degrees and outsiders, and to support a fellow Mason in distress | advqa_2375 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What symbolism is involved in becoming a Mason? | During the ceremony of initiation, the candidate is expected to swear (usually on a volume of sacred text appropriate to his personal religious faith) to fulfil certain obligations as a Mason. In the course of three degrees, new masons will promise to keep the secrets of their degree from lower degrees and outsiders, a... | the candidate is expected to swear (usually on a volume of sacred text appropriate to his personal religious faith) | advqa_2376 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
In what order is this done? | During the ceremony of initiation, the candidate is expected to swear (usually on a volume of sacred text appropriate to his personal religious faith) to fulfil certain obligations as a Mason. In the course of three degrees, new masons will promise to keep the secrets of their degree from lower degrees and outsiders, a... | Freemason | advqa_2377 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
How are the tasks of a freemason dictated? | During the ceremony of initiation, the candidate is expected to swear (usually on a volume of sacred text appropriate to his personal religious faith) to fulfil certain obligations as a Mason. In the course of three degrees, new masons will promise to keep the secrets of their degree from lower degrees and outsiders, a... | There is instruction as to the duties of a Freemason, but on the whole, Freemasons are left to explore the craft in the manner they find most satisfying | advqa_2378 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
In what ways do masons tend to explore the craft? | During the ceremony of initiation, the candidate is expected to swear (usually on a volume of sacred text appropriate to his personal religious faith) to fulfil certain obligations as a Mason. In the course of three degrees, new masons will promise to keep the secrets of their degree from lower degrees and outsiders, a... | Some will further explore the ritual and symbolism of the craft, others will focus their involvement on the social side of the Lodge, while still others will concentrate on the charitable functions of the lodge | advqa_2379 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
How is the ceremoy done? | During the ceremony of initiation, the candidate is expected to swear (usually on a volume of sacred text appropriate to his personal religious faith) to fulfil certain obligations as a Mason. In the course of three degrees, new masons will promise to keep the secrets of their degree from lower degrees and outsiders, a... | In the course of three degrees, new masons will promise to keep the secrets of their degree from lower degrees and outsiders, and to support a fellow Mason in distress (as far as practicality and the law permit) | advqa_2380 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
How does the ceremony begin? | During the ceremony of initiation, the candidate is expected to swear (usually on a volume of sacred text appropriate to his personal religious faith) to fulfil certain obligations as a Mason. In the course of three degrees, new masons will promise to keep the secrets of their degree from lower degrees and outsiders, a... | the candidate is expected to swear (usually on a volume of sacred text appropriate to his personal religious faith) to fulfil certain obligations as a Mason | advqa_2381 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is a philanthropic approach to the craft of being a freemason? | During the ceremony of initiation, the candidate is expected to swear (usually on a volume of sacred text appropriate to his personal religious faith) to fulfil certain obligations as a Mason. In the course of three degrees, new masons will promise to keep the secrets of their degree from lower degrees and outsiders, a... | concentrate on the charitable functions of the lodge | advqa_2382 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What follows the ceremonial rites? | During the ceremony of initiation, the candidate is expected to swear (usually on a volume of sacred text appropriate to his personal religious faith) to fulfil certain obligations as a Mason. In the course of three degrees, new masons will promise to keep the secrets of their degree from lower degrees and outsiders, a... | There is instruction as to the duties of a Freemason, but on the whole, Freemasons are left to explore the craft in the manner they find most satisfying. Some will further explore the ritual and symbolism of the craft, others will focus their involvement on the social side of the Lodge, while still others will concentr... | advqa_2383 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Freemasons must not disclose information to what groups of people? | During the ceremony of initiation, the candidate is expected to swear (usually on a volume of sacred text appropriate to his personal religious faith) to fulfil certain obligations as a Mason. In the course of three degrees, new masons will promise to keep the secrets of their degree from lower degrees and outsiders, a... | lower degrees and outsiders | advqa_2384 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is required if a freemason when a peer is going through a hard time? | During the ceremony of initiation, the candidate is expected to swear (usually on a volume of sacred text appropriate to his personal religious faith) to fulfil certain obligations as a Mason. In the course of three degrees, new masons will promise to keep the secrets of their degree from lower degrees and outsiders, a... | support a fellow Mason in distress (as far as practicality and the law permit) | advqa_2385 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is an exception to their role? | During the ceremony of initiation, the candidate is expected to swear (usually on a volume of sacred text appropriate to his personal religious faith) to fulfil certain obligations as a Mason. In the course of three degrees, new masons will promise to keep the secrets of their degree from lower degrees and outsiders, a... | as far as practicality and the law permit | advqa_2386 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What can masons decide to do on their own? | During the ceremony of initiation, the candidate is expected to swear (usually on a volume of sacred text appropriate to his personal religious faith) to fulfil certain obligations as a Mason. In the course of three degrees, new masons will promise to keep the secrets of their degree from lower degrees and outsiders, a... | explore the craft in the manner they find most satisfying | advqa_2387 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
How are members ranked? | The bulk of Masonic ritual consists of degree ceremonies. Candidates for Freemasonry are progressively initiated into Freemasonry, first in the degree of Entered Apprentice. Some time later, in a separate ceremony, they will be passed to the degree of Fellowcraft, and finally they will be raised to the degree of Master... | Installed Master | advqa_2388 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What does the candidate get after three ceremonies? | The bulk of Masonic ritual consists of degree ceremonies. Candidates for Freemasonry are progressively initiated into Freemasonry, first in the degree of Entered Apprentice. Some time later, in a separate ceremony, they will be passed to the degree of Fellowcraft, and finally they will be raised to the degree of Master... | passwords | advqa_2389 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is the ceremony before the degree of fellowcraft? | The bulk of Masonic ritual consists of degree ceremonies. Candidates for Freemasonry are progressively initiated into Freemasonry, first in the degree of Entered Apprentice. Some time later, in a separate ceremony, they will be passed to the degree of Fellowcraft, and finally they will be raised to the degree of Master... | degree of Entered Apprentice | advqa_2390 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Which type of ceremony is less common, degree ceremonies or the annual installation of the Master and officers? | The bulk of Masonic ritual consists of degree ceremonies. Candidates for Freemasonry are progressively initiated into Freemasonry, first in the degree of Entered Apprentice. Some time later, in a separate ceremony, they will be passed to the degree of Fellowcraft, and finally they will be raised to the degree of Master... | annual installation of the Master and officers | advqa_2391 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
How does one rise in rank? | The bulk of Masonic ritual consists of degree ceremonies. Candidates for Freemasonry are progressively initiated into Freemasonry, first in the degree of Entered Apprentice. Some time later, in a separate ceremony, they will be passed to the degree of Fellowcraft, and finally they will be raised to the degree of Master... | in a separate ceremony | advqa_2392 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Which of the following is the candidate NOT entrusted with: passwords, signs, or installation? | The bulk of Masonic ritual consists of degree ceremonies. Candidates for Freemasonry are progressively initiated into Freemasonry, first in the degree of Entered Apprentice. Some time later, in a separate ceremony, they will be passed to the degree of Fellowcraft, and finally they will be raised to the degree of Master... | installation | advqa_2393 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What happens when no inner ceremony conveys new secrets? | The bulk of Masonic ritual consists of degree ceremonies. Candidates for Freemasonry are progressively initiated into Freemasonry, first in the degree of Entered Apprentice. Some time later, in a separate ceremony, they will be passed to the degree of Fellowcraft, and finally they will be raised to the degree of Master... | the grade is not recognised | advqa_2394 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is the title of a new recruit? | The bulk of Masonic ritual consists of degree ceremonies. Candidates for Freemasonry are progressively initiated into Freemasonry, first in the degree of Entered Apprentice. Some time later, in a separate ceremony, they will be passed to the degree of Fellowcraft, and finally they will be raised to the degree of Master... | Entered Apprentice | advqa_2395 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is the second rank? | The bulk of Masonic ritual consists of degree ceremonies. Candidates for Freemasonry are progressively initiated into Freemasonry, first in the degree of Entered Apprentice. Some time later, in a separate ceremony, they will be passed to the degree of Fellowcraft, and finally they will be raised to the degree of Master... | Fellowcraft | advqa_2396 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
How does someone join the Freemasons? | The bulk of Masonic ritual consists of degree ceremonies. Candidates for Freemasonry are progressively initiated into Freemasonry, first in the degree of Entered Apprentice. Some time later, in a separate ceremony, they will be passed to the degree of Fellowcraft, and finally they will be raised to the degree of Master... | progressively initiated | advqa_2397 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
Which rank is found in fewer jurisdictions, Installed Master or Fellowcraft? | The bulk of Masonic ritual consists of degree ceremonies. Candidates for Freemasonry are progressively initiated into Freemasonry, first in the degree of Entered Apprentice. Some time later, in a separate ceremony, they will be passed to the degree of Fellowcraft, and finally they will be raised to the degree of Master... | Installed Master | advqa_2398 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
What is the ceremony after the degree of Fellowcraft? | The bulk of Masonic ritual consists of degree ceremonies. Candidates for Freemasonry are progressively initiated into Freemasonry, first in the degree of Entered Apprentice. Some time later, in a separate ceremony, they will be passed to the degree of Fellowcraft, and finally they will be raised to the degree of Master... | degree of Master Mason | advqa_2399 | adversarial_qa | expert | adversarial_reading_comprehension | null | [] | {} |
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