url stringlengths 14 987 | title stringlengths 0 45k | headings stringlengths 1 532k | body stringlengths 1 1.4M | docid stringlengths 16 25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
http://4lenses.org/ | The Four Lenses Strategic Framework | The Four Lenses Strategic Framework | The Four Lenses Strategic Framework
The Four Lenses Strategic Framework
Purpose
Terminology and Definitions in the Context of this Paper
Executive Summary
Part 1: Introducing Social Enterprise Performance
Part 2: Framing Performance
Part 3: The Case for Integration
Part 4: Leveraging Synergies and Managing Tensions
Conclusion
Research Methodology
The Authors
Acknowledgements
| The Four Lenses Strategic Framework | The Four Lenses Strategic Framework
The Four Lenses Strategic Framework
Purpose
This paper aims to move beyond stories and definitions by presenting practitioners with a conceptual framework—as rudimentary as it may be in its first version—to inform and inspire new thinking about social enterprise performance and impart strategy and management resources to help practitioners achieve high performing social enterprises.
The paper’s larger audacious goal is to engage practitioners, academics, donors, and other sympathizers in a debate that will move toward developing social enterprise methodologies and best practice. In presenting this foundational social enterprise performance framework we fully expect it to change, evolving both in content and form, while also inciting any number of tangential or niche frameworks and methodologies. And so begins the effort toward founding common performance parameters for social enterprise from which to evolve a methodology…
The paper is a sequel to the Social Enterprise Typology, a paper that elaborates the rich mosaic of highly differentiated and creative examples of social enterprise, and by doing so, served as a precursor to organizing these diverse approaches and strategies into a common framework.
This version is made available as part of the www.4lenses.org website and practitioners and others are invited to add their comments, share their examples, challenge our assertions, and so on.
Read more
about Purpose
Terminology and Definitions in the Context of this Paper
The following definitions are intended to clarify the meanings of terms used in this paper. They are not meant to integrate all meanings that might be given to these terms in other contexts, and their lack of concurrence with other meanings should not be construed as an objection to their use.
Read more
about Terminology and Definitions in the Context of this Paper
Executive Summary
The Four Lenses Strategic Framework is not meant to be authoritative nor static. It is meant to support a practitioner-driven debate to further define common components of the social enterprise methodology.
Read more
about Executive Summary
Part 1: Introducing Social Enterprise Performance
Ask any self-respecting social entrepreneur why they do what they do, and they will tell you passionately about a social problem and how they are working to solve it. Most achieved a moment of clarity when they recognized an injustice and were compelled to take action. In tackling the social problems, their approaches are as wildly different as the problems themselves, yet our research and experience tells us that social entrepreneurs’ motivation is ubiquitous—to make sustainable social impact.
Read more
about Part 1: Introducing Social Enterprise Performance
Part 2: Framing Performance
The challenge in creating a common performance framework is that both the concepts of social impact and sustainability are hotly debated and highly subjective.
Hence, in creating a common framework, we have chosen to focus on a set of common criteria that can be simply demonstrated and accepted as being essential to sustainable social impact creation, without pretending to define the full scope of ‘sustainable social impact.’
Read more
about Part 2: Framing Performance
Part 3: The Case for Integration
The framework offers one explanation for why sustainable social impact appears much easier to achieve than it actually is! Although it looks like a simple puzzle when we sign up for it, achieving sustainable social impact actually requires solving a Rubik’s Pyramid.
Read more
about Part 3: The Case for Integration
Part 4: Leveraging Synergies and Managing Tensions
The following table illustrates how each performance criteria fits within the four strategic lenses, and describes sample activities that demonstrate the interplay of strategic actions with performance outcomes.
Read more
about Part 4: Leveraging Synergies and Managing Tensions
Conclusion
The strength of the Four Lenses Strategic Framework is that it reveals inherently greater complexity in social enterprise operations, management, and strategic decision making than what has been addressed to date in social enterprise methodology or the literature. Like an onion, the framework peels back layers, exposing deeper and deeper levels of dynamics within the social enterprise that must be managed internally while simultaneously managing interactions with a changing external environment.
Read more
about Conclusion
Research Methodology
The departure for this research was the authors' reaction to the lack of literature on social enterprise performance analysis and methodology. The other key impetus was the absence of practitioner participation in flagship exercises to define social enterprise and set an agenda for the field (these were largely dominated by funders and academics). Consequently, all primary research for the Four Lenses Strategic Framework came directly from social enterprise practitioners.
Read more
about Research Methodology
The Authors
Vincent Dawans is Partner of Virtue Ventures LLC ( www.virtueventures.com ), a management consulting organization focused on advancing social enterprise methodology and practice. Vincent conceived the Four Lenses framework and championed this project. He can be reached via the contact form.
Read more
about The Authors
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank and acknowledge all those who helped to make this work possible.
First and foremost, tremendous gratitude is owed to the Skoll Foundation, for its very generous grant to underwrite this paper and our larger “field building” project.
Very special thanks to CARE Enterprise Partners for making the first commitment toward developing seToolbelt ( www.setoolbelt.org ), a free open source resource library for social enterprise practitioners.
Read more
about Acknowledgements
Book traversal links for The Four Lenses Strategic Framework
Purpose ›
Printer-friendly version | msmarco_doc_00_26475830 |
http://4lenses.org/setypology/coop | Cooperative Model | The Four Lenses Strategic Framework | Cooperative Model
Cooperative Model
Equal Exchange, an example of Cooperative Model
| Cooperative Model | The Four Lenses Strategic Framework
Cooperative Model
The cooperative model of social enterprise provides direct benefit to its target population or "clients," cooperative members, through member services: market information, technical assistance/extension services, collective bargaining power, economies of bulk purchase, access to products and services, access to external markets for member-produced products and services, etc. The cooperative membership is often comprised of small-scale producers in the same product group or a community with common needs--i.e. access to capital or healthcare. Cooperative members are the primary stakeholders in the cooperative, reaping benefits of income, employment, or services, as well as investing in the cooperative with their own resources of time, money, products, labor, etc.
The cooperative model is embedded: the social program is the business. The cooperative's mission centers on providing members services. Financial self sufficiency is achieved through the sales of its products and services to its members (clients) as well as in commercial markets. Cooperatives use revenues to cover costs associated with rendering services to its members and surpluses may be used to subsidize member services.
Cooperatives social enterprises include agricultural marketing cooperatives, which market and sell its members' products, while agricultural supply cooperatives, provide inputs into the agricultural process. Fair trade organizations frequently work with agriculture and commodity producer-owned cooperatives--i.e. coffee, cocoa, wine tea, as well as nonagricultural products--i.e. handicrafts.
Self-Help Groups (SHGs) comprised of low income-women, and popular in South Asia, are frequently organized into cooperatives to support a variety of their members' interests related to commerce, health and education.
Credit Unions are another example of a cooperative tied to economic development and financial service programs, popular across West Africa, Latin America, and Balkans.
In the UK a slight variation on the cooperative, called "mutuals" or "societies" are commonly associated with social enterprise. Unlike a true cooperative, mutual members usually do not contribute to the capital of the social enterprise company by direct investment, instead mutuals are frequently funded by philanthropic sources or the government.
Theoretical example: cooperatively owned and run community savings and credit systems, "Rotating Savings and Credit Associations" (Latin America), Tontins (West Africa), Zadrugas (Balkans) are a form of indigenous credit union long implemented around the world to provide access to financial services. Self-organized community savings and credit systems are capitalized through member investments and savings, which are then mobilized as interest bearing loans also to members. Ownership is communal and equitable with all members owning a stake in the organization. Community savings and credit systems are democratically governed by an elected board of members responsible for financial oversight and loan approval and administration. Community savings and credit systems are self-sufficient through earned interest income from loans.
Equal Exchange, an example of Cooperative Model
Equal Exchange (EE) is a US-based fair trade coffee company legally structured as an employee-owned cooperative and an example of embedded social enterprise. Equal Exchange purchases coffee beans and cocoa directly from small democratically-run farmer cooperatives in developing countries at fair trade prices--a guaranteed minimum price regardless of how low commodities markets fall. Equal Exchange pays a fixed rate of $1.26 and $1.41 per pound for organic certified coffee in contrast to $0.45 and $0.60 per pound that buyers pay on the commodities market 1 . The embedded nature of Equal Exchange's social programs is evidenced in its business activities.
Marketing strategy --the company uses educational marketing campaigns to raise awareness of the positive social impact purchasing fair trade coffee has on low income farmers. Equal Exchange's coffee packaging contains information regarding the social benefits of fair-trade purchasing.
Distribution channels --in addition to retail outlets, products are sold through interfaith organizations and nonprofits that educate their constituents about fair trade coffee; then retain a margin on each sale to support their social activities.
Quality products --Equal Exchange assists farmers with sustainable techniques to promote ecological-friendly cultivation of coffee. The results yield higher product quality, environmental conservation, and 85% certified organic fair trade coffee for consumers.
Social Impact --EE works with twenty-five trade partners, farmer cooperatives, in twelve countries, and achieves social impact in two significant ways: supplier credit and fair trade premiums.
Supplier credit --Most cooperative farmers in developing countries do not have access to bank financing, and those that do pay 25%-35% interest. The more available option is moneylenders, who charge up to 100% of the price of the loan. EE offers pre-harvest credit at interest rates of 8% to 9%, which enables farmers to produce high quality crops without losing margins on the sale of their products. In 2001 EE extended $700,000 in pre-harvest credit to 75% of farmers who requested loans.
Fair trade premiums have substantial impact on the economic security of farmers and their families, increasing disposable income for food, education, healthcare, housing, etc. EE pays farmers more than twice the going rate on the commodities markets. In 2002, EE paid $1.2 million in fair trade premiums to cooperative farmers. In a protracted commodity price slump, which has occurred in recent years, these premiums literally save thousands of lives by warding off starvation occurring in many coffee growing regions.
Financial strategy and viability --Its for-profit legal status notwithstanding, Equal Exchange's financial motives are viability, not profit; in 2002 the company had $10.4 million in sales, which translated into $1.2 million in above market premiums for cooperative farmers, and funded marketing activities that raised the awareness of tens of thousands of consumers who bought fair trade products. The dollar figures are a monetary representation of Equal Exchange's sustainable mission accomplishment.
Equal Exchange is a mission-centric social enterprise; its business decisions and activities are central to accomplishing its mission: "To build long-term trade partnerships that are economically just and environmentally sound, to foster mutually beneficial relations between farmers and consumers and to demonstrate through our success the viability of worker-owned cooperatives and fair trade."
1. Statistics from 2002
Book traversal links for Cooperative Model
‹ Low-Income Client as Market Model
Up
Market Linkage Model ›
Printer-friendly version | msmarco_doc_00_26482531 |
http://4lgrad.com/FAQ-content | FAQs |
Cap and Gown back to top | FAQs
FAQs
Cap and Gown
Graduate Supplies
Rings
Refunds and Exchanges
Cap and Gown back to top
1. Can I rent my cap and gown?
Unless your school has specifically signed up for the Class Rental program, no, all cap & gowns are purchased.
2. How do you size me for my cap and gown?
We need your gender, height, and weight to determine your gown size. This information is kept confidential and ensures a proper fit. For ladies who plan on wearing heels a few inches should be added to your height. Cap sizes are mostly one size fits all. If your school uses sized caps you will be notified when placing your order.
3. What length should my gown be?
Graduation gowns should hit about mid shin. Sleeves should hit at the wrist
4. What should I wear with my cap and gown?
If your school doesn't already have a dress code for graduation the proper and traditional attire is a dress for women and a shirt, tie, and slacks for men.
5. I didn't order my gown on time!!! Is it too late to order?
We always order more gowns than there are students graduating for each school. We cannot guarantee size though which is why we strongly encourage ordering early to avoid this problem!
6. Can I wash or iron my graduation cap and gown?
NO!!!!! If you iron your gown, you can risk burning it. Instead, just hang it on a hanger for a few days, and if there are still any wrinkles in it, steam should take care of it.
7. What if I don't pick up my cap and gown on delivery day?
All products will be held until graduation day. After that time we will send them back to our factories and NO refunds will be given. Herff Jones will not be responsible for products that were not picked up at the school.
8. What if I will be graduating in the summer and already ordered my cap and gown?
Each school's summer school graduation program is unique. It is best to speak with the summer school coordinator about this. If you do need a cap & gown you should pick your pre-ordered gown up at regular distribution as we will not hold gowns over the summer.
9. What color will my cap and gown be?
Your school has chosen the color (s) for the cap & gowns and any orders placed for that school will come in the colors designated by the school. If you have special colors for Honors Grads at your school they will tell us who should get what color.
10. If we RENT cap and gowns at my school do we get to keep the tassel?
Yes, you get to keep the tassel if you pay a rental fee for your cap & gown. You will turn in the gown, and at some schools the cap, after the ceremony according to the directions your school gives you for the process.
Graduate Supplies back to top
1. What are Custom Graduation Announcements?
A Custom Graduation Announcement is a formal and socially correct way to share the once-in-a-lifetime event of graduating from high school with family and friends. It is also a memento representing the goals you've reached and remembering those who've helped you along the way. Each Custom Graduation Announcement has the fine craftmanship of your custom school crest, year of graduation and custom text. Additionally, you will personalize each announcement with your Personal Graduate Namecards. Custom Graduation Announcements become even more special when you consider most people send formal announcements only three times in their lives: high school graduation, college graduation and their wedding day. Your Custom Graduation Announcement represents your school, your class and you. Keep in mind that Custom Graduation Announcements are not intended to be invitations as many schools require tickets for addmission to the ceremony. Each Custom Graduation Announcement is designed by your class officers and the wording chosen by your school.
2. Who should I send announcements to?
Anyone you want to share your good news with! Family, friends, mom & dad's co-workers. This is a big deal!
3. Why do I get 50 namecards?
Namecards only come in boxes of 50 because that is the smallest number our printing press can run. There are many things your can do with left over namecards though: use them as business cards, trade them with your friends for memory albums, use them in scrapbooks; the possibilities are endless!
4. Why are there 2 envelopes with each announcement?
With traditional announcements the proper ettiquette is to have an inner and outer envelope. The inner (smaller) envelope should have the announcement stuffed inside and the recipient's informal name written on the outside. For example: Aunt Mary. The outer (bigger) envelope should be addressed with the formal name (i.e. Mary Smith) and stamped. The inner envelope then gets stuffed inside the outer envelope and the outer envelope is sealed and mailed.
5. Do my announcements have my name on them?
NO. Announcements do not include the student’s name. Namecards must be ordered to identify the graduate. Slots for the namecards are located inside most announcement styles. When ordering namecards IT IS VERY IMPORTANT TO TYPE YOUR NAME CLEARLY using upper and lower case letters and please double check your spelling.
6. What if I don't pick up my products on delivery day?
All products will be held until graduation day. After that time we will send them back to our factories and NO refunds will be given. Herff Jones will not be responsible for products that were undeliverable.
7. An ASB card and/or Yearbook are included in my package but I already bought them through the school, what happens now?
You will be given a credit for the amount you have already paid the school. Please indicate that you are in this situation when placing your order either online or in person. When making a deposit on your order on-line, please do not pay in full if you have pre-purchased these items from the school, so we can adjust your balance.
8. What does my announcement look like and say? Do I get to choose fonts or colors?
Your announcement design is chosen by your school and all text is provided by your school. You can see a sample of what the front of the announcement will look like on the welcome screen after you have registered and logged in to this website. The fonts and colors used on namecards will always match the announcement and special requests cannot be accomodated.
Rings back to top
1. Why should I order my class ring at school?
Ordering with your class directly from Herff Jones saves you money. In addition, you are assured of the finest quality class ring available with an unequaled warranty. Class rings and senior products are our only business. We depend on satisfied customers year after year. We are local and always available to assist you. We offer you more options than anyone.
2. How much money is required to begin making my ring?
All you need is a $75.00 deposit to place your order for your White Ultrium, Extreme Silver and Extreme Aurista class rings. $75 deposit on 10K Gold and a $100.00 deposit on 14K Gold rings is required at the time of order.
3. How do I make payments on my ring?
We at Herff Jones understand the financial constraints in this economy and are very familiar with the many costs of your Senior year so we offer an Interest Free Payment Plan on all of our products. All you need is a minimum of $25 towards your Class Ring. This program is designed to allow you to pay down your balance at your convenience during the 6-8 week processing period. But don't fret!!! If still need to make further payments you may do so, just keep in mind that ALL Herff Jones Products must be paid in full BEFORE Graduation.
4. What if my graduation year changes or I change schools before graduation?
The Herff Jones warranty will change the yeardate on the ring to reflect the actual graduation date and/or change the school.
5. What if I cannot be sized in person?
Herff Jones Class Rings are available in full and half sizes. You can take your student to a local jewlery store and have them sized or you can print off the paper sizer to the right. You may also contact our office to have plastic sizers mailed to you.
6. My ring has been lost or stolen! Help!
Our Customer Satisfaction Program was designed for just this kind of problem! Please see the information on the class rings page.
7. What is white ultrium?
White Ultrium is a durable stainless steel alloy. It is made up of iron, chromium, and nickel. It will not tarnish or change color.
8. What if my finger grows?
Resizing your class ring is done free of charge FOREVER. See the back of the order form for a complete description of the LIFETIME WARRANTY.
9. Where can I design and order my Class Ring online?
Go to ringdesignonline.com to design and order your Class Ring anytime!
Refunds and Exchanges back to top
Refund Policy
Deposits are non-refundable.
No refunds or cancellations on personalized or dated items.
No refunds after scheduled delivery date on campus.
No products will be held for delivery after graduation day. (They will be returned to our factory.)
No changes to or downsizing of packages or orders is allowed after 72 hours of placing orders.
Refunds will only be granted in the cases of non-graduation and/or changing of schools. Refund requests must be submitted by mail and must include signed documentation from the school stating one of the above two reasons. All refunds are subject to approval by the company and a request does not guarantee a refund will be made. All refund requests require 4 to 6 weeks for processing.
Written refund requests must include the following:
1. Copy of student's original order receipt.
2. Written confirmation from the school (on school letterhead) that student did not graduate.
3. Written request for refund from student that includes student's name, school name, address, city, state, zip code and phone number. Check will be made payable to student at the address provided unless otherwise indicated. Please send written inquiries to:
All refund requests must be received in our office prior to June 30 of the graduation year. No refunds will be issued after that date.
All items that are subject to a refund must be in our office in 100% new condition and original packaging prior to graduation to be eligible. Refunds will be issued when items have been returned to our office.
A $10 restocking fee will be applied to all cancelled cap & gown orders.
School provided item refunds will be determined by the school and Forell & Associates is not responsible for refunds on these items.
Exchanges
Exchanges will only be allowed for damaged items or ill fitting cap & gowns provided supplies are still available.
Undeliverable Merchandise
Undelivered merchandise will be held until graduation day and MUST be picked up from your school or our office during that time frame. Unclaimed merchandise, including caps and gowns, will not be eligible for a refund. Herff Jones assumes no responsibility for orders shipped to an incomplete or incorrect shipping address provided by the customer. Any additional shipping charges for such orders will be the responsibility of the customer and will be charged to the credit card used on the order. If an order is refused, shipping and handling charges are not refundable.
Policies
Orders and pricing are subject to audit when received by our office and will be adjusted accordingly. We do all that we can to notify a customer in this instance but cannot guarantee it.
No checks will be accepted 2 weeks prior to delivery or at delivery. All checks require a 2 week clearing period before products will be delivered. Returned checks will be subject to a $25 fee each time they are returned.
Rings ordered through Herff Jones must be paid in full before Cap & Gowns will be released for graduation.
Please send written inquiries to:
Forell & Associates
21520 Yorba Linda Blvd. #G-301
Yorba Linda, CA 92887 | msmarco_doc_00_26489843 |
http://4lo.com/calc/literstocid.php | Engine Liters to Cubic Inches (CID) or Centimeters (CC) Converter Calculator | Engine Liters to Cubic Inches (CID) or Centimeters (CC) Converter Calculator
ENGINE LITERS TO CUBIC INCH DISPLACEMENT (CID) CALCULATOR
A simple liters to cubic inch displacement converter (also converts to cubic centimeters)
Fill in any one blank to calculate the other two
Not much to this little calculator, just for those curious just how big you engine is... in cubic inches! "There is no substitute for raw cubic inches." In the early days you had 396's and 454's, now we have 5.7 and 8.0 liters. The conversion was simple so I threw in the conversion to cubic centimeters as well.
Formula used
1 liter = 61.02 cubic inches
1 liter = 1000 cubic centimeters
These calculators are color coded by function
All fields Required
Leave ONE field blank
Supply ONLY one field
Results Only | msmarco_doc_00_26501850 | |
http://4lomkuss.com/the-top-20-clone-wars-action-figures/ | The Top 20 Clone Wars Action Figures – From 4-LOM to Zuckuss.com | The Top 20 Clone Wars Action Figures
The Top 20 Clone Wars Action Figures
Star Wars: The Clone Wars Action Figure Line Overview
The Top 20 Figures Produced from The Clone Wars Line
Cato Parasitti (CW37)
Mandalorian with Speeder (Deluxe)
Seripas (CW61)
Whorm Loathom (CW15)
Robonino (Hostage Crisis)
Admiral Yularen (CW07)
Boba Fett (CW32)
Bossk (The Rise of Boba Fett)
Cad Bane (CW42)
Captain Rex (CW50)
Darth Sidious (CW45)
Embo (CW33)
Gha Nachkt (Ambush on the Vulture’s Claw)
Hondo Ohnaka (CW41)
Jabba the Hutt (Jabba’s Palace)
Jar Jar Binks (CW24)
Kul Teska (Exclusive)
Pre Viszla (CW08)
Savage Opress (CW59)
Shaak Ti (CW31)
NOW IT’S YOUR TURN!
Share This Story, Choose Your Platform!
Related Posts
| The Top 20 Clone Wars Action Figures – From 4-LOM to Zuckuss.com
Previous Next
View Larger Image
The Top 20 Clone Wars Action Figures
In anticipation of the March 7th release of Star War: The Clone Wars – The Lost Missions on Netflix, Jedi-Business and From 4-LOM to Zuckuss are teaming up to bring you the top 20 figures produced from the first 5 seasons of this groundbreaking animated series! Before we begin lets take a brief look back at the five series of figures that were produced over the past 6 years.
Star Wars: The Clone Wars Action Figure Line Overview
The Clone Wars action figure line first burst onto the scene on July 26 th, 2008 just prior to the theatrical premiere of the series on October 3 rd . The initial series included a white and blue cardback design that was loosely based on a Captain Rex helmet and included twenty-seven carded figures in addition to assorted Exclusive Figures, 2-Packs, Battle Packs, DVD Sets, Mail Aways and Vehicles.
In the second series, the line’s color theme changed from blue to red and the cardbacks shared the same angular layout and design as that of The Legacy Collectionand Saga Legends lines of figures. This series nearly doubled the amount of figures released on single cardbacks and was joined by Deluxe Figures, Exclusive Figures, 2-Packs, Battle Packs, Tin Sets, Mail Aways and Vehicles.
The third series of The Clone Wars figures included a fairly dramatic and ominous change to the line’s look. Nicknamed by Hasbro as the “Shadow of the Dark Side” design theme, this series raised the number of carded figures to 65 and added Ultimate Battle Packs and Multipacks to its continued release of 2-Packs, Battle Packs, Deluxe Figures, DVD Sets, Mail Aways, Vehicles and numerous Exclusives.
The fourth iteration of the line featured the menacing scowl of Darth Maul. The Sith Lord’s face was used for dual purpose of featuring his return in the animated series and to reference his appearance in The Phantom Menace’s 3D theatrical release. This line was a bit more intimate with only 18 carded figures in addition to a few 2-Packs, Exclusive Figures, Battle Packs and Deluxe Figures.
2013 saw the final series based exclusively on the Saturday morning cartoon. Due to the abrupt cancelation of the animated series, by Lucasfilm’s new owner The Walt Disney Company, Hasbro released only one set in their Class I vehicle assortment domestically (ARF Trooper/TX-21 with 501st Legion AT-RT), and a small wave of figures exclusively outside of the United States. The nine figures in this series were shipped on a green Yoda-themed cardback which would have tied into the release of Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clone in 3D but this was canceled by Disney as well.
The Top 20 Figures Produced from The Clone Wars Line
~ Figures listed in no particular order ~
Cato Parasitti (CW37)
Cato Parasitti, the Bounty Hunter which could be seen in the episode “Holocron Heist” from the second season, was given the deluxe treatment by Hasbro. It was an exotic and never-before-done character, it was beautifully sculpted with very well hidden joints, and it captured the on-screen character very well. Hasbro even managed to include 14 points of articulation and give the figure a very cleanly applied paint job! Cato Parasitti looks fantastic on display!
Mandalorian with Speeder (Deluxe)
One of the coolest characters in the Clone Wars were the Mandalorian Warriors! Luckily Hasbro managed to release several Mandalorian Warriors throughout the lifespan of the Clone Wars toy line. Our favorite out of the bunch is the Mandalorian Warrior with Mandalorian Speeder. The paint application is tight on this figure, and Hasbro made it super articulated with 14 joints, all of them ball-hinged! Not only is the figure superb, but the included Mandalorian Speeder is kick-ass!
Seripas (CW61)
Hasbro put a lot of work into Seripas! The tiny bounty hunter is just “OK”, but the mechanical suit is brilliantly done! It has a buzz-saw built into the left arm, and a laser/rocket launcher in the other! The cockpit opens up and has enough room for Seripas to sit in comfortably. The paint application on the mechanical suit is very well done, there is more dirt on the boots and on the shins than on the rest of the body, and Hasbro even painted the interior and the controls inside the cockpit. This never-before done figure is truly impressive in size and detail!
Whorm Loathom (CW15)
We first saw Loathom in the Clone Wars movie when he lead a droid army during the Battle of Christophsis. Hasbro’s action figure interpretation of the character comes very close to the animated character seen in the movie. The head sculpt is a winner, but the small details such as the correct patterns on the cape, the wrinkles on the pants and the correct color tones on the outfit (including the lighter blue socks!) make this Clone Wars figure stand out from the crowd!
Robonino (Hostage Crisis)
Robonino is probably one of the funkiest Clone Wars action figures released, which makes this a fun figure. Hasbro put a lot of work into getting Robonino right, the head sculpt and the paint application look fantastic, and the height of the figure mimics the counterpart from the Clone Wars very closely. Robonino’s backpack is nicely detailed as well, explosives can be slit-in from the sides, plus it opens up from the top, offering more storage room. The Bounty Hunter has very small feet, which carried over into the action figure, but luckily Hasbro included a stand, which gives collectors a way to display the figure nicely!
Admiral Yularen (CW07)
Yularen was a stand out within The Clone Wars action figure line. First of all, to the delight of diorama builders everywhere, he came packaged with a fantastic set piece: the Holo-Com Table. Next this figure’s sculpt was pitch-perfect when compared to his appearance on the show but also he was depicted in his very cool pre-Imperial uniform. And finally this figure captured the upgrade the admiral received from his background bit part in A New Hope to his staring role in the first few seasons working closely with Obi-Wan Kenobi, who is also included in this set as a mini hologram.
Boba Fett (CW32)
This figure provided what the Prequel Trilogy did not – a transformation of the Boba character from orphaned child to deadly bounty hunter. Here Hasbro created a well sculpted and highly articulated figure which included multiple components of Boba’s armory. Included were his father Jango’s blasters and holsters, a removable chest piece that mirrors his future Mandolorian suit and his iconic jetpack which would eventually lead to his demise. This figure is a must have for any collector who is looking to display the evolution of the galaxy’s most feared bounty hunter.
Bossk (The Rise of Boba Fett)
When it came to the design of Bossk for the animated series, the folks at Lucasfilm must have known not to fix something that wasn’t broken. The concept for Bossk was virtually unchanged from his yellow flight suited debut in The Empire Strikes Back and Hasbro once again did a fantastic job adapting this look into plastic. This particular sculpt shares a simplicity in its features and design with that of its 1980 Kenner doppelganger making it an instant hit with us. Taking a note from The Vintage Collection Bossk, this is only the second time that his character has received a removable hose on his side. The extra height in this figure was also welcomed as it helped support the belief that Trandoshans could hold their own against their Wookiee rivals.
Cad Bane (CW42)
Hasbro’s second attempt at Cad was a huge improvement over the first. This version of the gravel-voiced bounty hunter included 12 POA, which was 4 more points than the previous version. Another highlight was the superbly sculpted scowl and snarl of his face. This figure also included the adorable secondary figure Todo 360, which was voiced by fellow Star Wars fan Seth Green.
Captain Rex (CW50)
Upon the airing of season one’s episode entitled “Trespass”, figure collectors everywhere were hungry for this Snowtrooper inspired version of the good captain. It would be more than a year until this figure would finally see its way to retail but it would definitely be worth the wait. Sporting 12 well hidden points of articulation this is a great melding of Republic and Imperial cold weather gear. The weathered wash on the under armor and boots are outstanding. The only thing that could have taken this figure to the next level would be if Hasbro had applied the weathering to the rest of his armor to portray the harsh environment of Orto Plutonia. But nonetheless a great figure overall!
Darth Sidious (CW45)
Now despite what people may say, it was not the elusiveness of this figure which made it extra special but its outstanding sculpted depiction of the “frail” Sith Lord. Now at the time of this figure’s release Sidious had only appeared as a hologram in the series, but Hasbro made the wise decision to create a non-holographic version instead, much like Kenner did with its The Power of the Force Anakin Skywalker figure. Although the most notable and successful aspect of this figure is that Hasbro was able to accomplish what they had so often failed to do on many previous versions of Palpatine: make a well-fitted hood and cape! Finally with the use of both soft goods and plastic, Sidious looks menacing from underneath his hood and reflects the character we would eventually fear in Return of the Jedi.
Embo (CW33)
This Samurai-inspired Bounty Hunter was voiced by Clone Wars director Dave Filoni! The character has coolness written all over it, and it translates brilliantly over into the action figure! Hasbro went all out and sculpted Embo wonderfully, not only did they capture the likeness incredibly well, but they managed to give Embo some cool accessories which all work well. There is room to store two knives in the back, Embo can carry his rifle on his back, the hat is removable and the shoulder armor is removable. Add to this 14 points of articulation, a soft-goods skirt and no annoying balancing issues, and you have a figure which simply needs to be in the top 20 Clone Wars figures produced!
Gha Nachkt (Ambush on the Vulture’s Claw)
Even though the series produced an incredible amount of Clone Trooper characters and soldiers the line did not disappoint when it came to providing a large array of alien characters as well. Gha Nachkt, was a great figure whose design by Hasbro did justice to the slimy two-timing Trandoshan. The paint job was amazing from the grease stains on his belly to the color of his deep inset and lopsided eyes. The texture of his skin, or scales as it may be, is terrific as is the sculpt of his toothy smile help to make this figure one of our top choices.
Hondo Ohnaka (CW41)
Hondo Ohnaka made a big impression in multiple Clone Wars episodes. The figure is a great represenation of the character with lots and lots of details molded into the pirate outfit, plus Hondo comes with a pirate blaster, a sword and his pet Pilf Mukmuk! The figure lacks in articulation, but the head sculpt is nothing but fantastic! The color tone on the outfit works well and comes very close to what we saw in the TV show. Hondo on display with his monkey lizard sitting on his shoulders looks great!
Jabba the Hutt (Jabba’s Palace)
As a collector you want your figure to represent the character seen on-screen as closely as possible, and Hasbro managed to do just that with this animated-style Jabba The Hutt. Besides capturing the likeness of Jabba so well, Hasbro managed to give the Hutt eight joints, which is quite an achievement considering that the character doesn’t have any legs, knees or ankles. While we are not fans of action features, having Jabba’s mouth open when any of the arms are moved down is a welcome addition to this figure.
Jar Jar Binks (CW24)
Despite being based on a fairly unpopular episode “Bombad Jedi”, Hasbro released a very detailed and at the time of its release in 2009, the most articulated Jar Jar figure ever made. This sculpt captured the Gungan’s animated likeness to a tee and the paint application was clean and very sharp. This release included Anakin Skywalker’s Jedi cloak (which Jar Jar used as a disguise) but more genius was the wire which was sewn into its soft good fabric to help mold and secure it realistically to the figure.
Kul Teska (Exclusive)
Kul Teska holds the special honor of being the only figure in the entire line to not originate or be inspired by an episode of the animated series. Instead he made his debut as the main villain in the Star Wars: The Clone Wars – Republic Heroes video game. This Toys ‘R’ Us exclusive figure also has the unique distinction of being the tallest figure in the line. This figure came with some serious firepower sculpted into his right arm and into his hidden shoulder launchers. On top of his imposing mold, his paint application was done so well that his suit looked realistically metallic and just an all around great figure.
Pre Viszla (CW08)
Pre Viszla is one of those figures where it feels as if Hasbro has done everything right! Whoever sculpted Pre Viszla’s head did an outstanding job, it couldn’t be any closer to the animated Pre Viszla from the TV show. The Death Watch leader is super articulated, he is painted well, and he even has the Death Watch symbol on the cape. That is attention to detail! Both blasters fit well into the holsters and the helmet fits nicely over the head! This was also the only time Hasbro has ever released a DARKSABER!
Savage Opress (CW59)
The brute strength and danger of Opress is portrayed excellently in this figure. Standing heads higher than his brother Darth Maul and most other figures, this Sith Magic infused apprentice featured a face sculpt which captured the disgust and anger he carried throughout the show. This second version of this character depicted his fearsome battle armor with removable shoulder bells and combination plastic and soft goods tabard perfectly. And armed with both his Jedi-killing battle axe and double-bladed lightsaber makes one understand why he was nearly unbeatable to all who challenged him.
Shaak Ti (CW31)
The animated-style action figure of Jedi Master Shaak Ti is a stunner! A beautifully sculpted head, a sharp paint application, along with a soft-goods Jedi robe which doesn’t feel bulky, make for a truly amazing 3 3/4 inch representation of this Jedi Master. With two of her fingers pointing, she can either poke her enemy’s eyes out, or use the Force!
NOW IT’S YOUR TURN!
What do you think? Were we way off with the TOP 20? What were YOUR favorite CLONE WARS figures? Let us know on our official Facebook page!
By admin |
2014-03-05T22:51:50-08:00
March 6th, 2014 | Categories: The Clone Wars | Tags: Jedi-Business.com, Top 20
|
Share This Story, Choose Your Platform!
Related Posts | msmarco_doc_00_26502857 |
http://4makemoneyonfacebook.blogspot.com/2012/01/howto-make-money-on-facebook-adsense.html | How to Make Money on Facebook with Google Adsense ~ Make Money on Facebookk | How to Make Money on Facebook with Google Adsense
How to Make Money on Facebook with Google Adsense
Why Must Facebook ?
How to Create a Blog on Blogger
| How to Make Money on Facebook with Google Adsense ~ Make Money on Facebookk
How to Make Money on Facebook with Google Adsense
21.20 Daniel Deyrain No comments
Google Adsense is an advertising program from Google that will pay you, when your site visitors, clicking on ads from google, that were placed on your site.
With AdSense for content, these ads you display on your site can be either cost-per-click (CPC) or cost-per-thousand-impression (CPM) ads. For CPC ads, you'll generate earnings when your users click on the ads. For CPM ads, you'll generate earnings every time the ad appears to a user viewing your site.
For more Information about Google Adsense, See here >> Support Google Adsense
On average you can earn $1 - $ 25, each click that you generate. Just imagine if one clicks the ads on your website valued $10 by Google. If you get 10 clicks in one day, then 10 clicks = $100. How if you get 100 clicks or 200 clicks in one day. And here I just imagine 1 click = $10. One click from your site may be worth $15 or $25.
But not that easy, you can get a click from your site. Because you have to compete with thousands of other sites that also register on Google Adsense. And one that can compete with google is just Facebook. Yes! you will be using Facebook as a tool to get a lot of money from Google Adsense.
Why Must Facebook ?
Very little competition, maybe even nothing at all.
You do not need to master SEO that very complicated, because it is too complicated you may not know what is SEO. :)
Your site will easily get a click from user Facebook.
You do not need to have that professional website, or have to buy paid domain and hosting. because you can use blogger.
You do not have wait 1 or 2 months to build sites, you can earn income on the same day.
Okay! let's get started and I'm sure this will be very easy.
follow the steps below :
Step 1 : Have a Facebook account
I'm sure you could easily make it, so I will skip this step.
Step 2 : Create a site on blogger.com
And this it will not as difficult as you think. Because, blogger has made it easier for all, this is as easy as you make an account on Facebook.
follow the flash tour here >> http://www.blogger.com/tour_start.g
Visit Blogger Buzz
And Watch this Video:
YouTube
Blogger
97.2K subscribers
Subscribe
How to Create a Blog on Blogger
Info
Shopping
Tap to unmute
If playback doesn't begin shortly, try restarting your device.
More videos
More videos
You're signed out
Videos you watch may be added to the TV's watch history and influence TV recommendations. To avoid this, cancel and sign in to YouTube on your computer.
Cancel
Confirm
Switch camera
Share
Include playlist
An error occurred while retrieving sharing information. Please try again later.
Watch later
Share
Copy link
Watch on
0:00
0:00
0:00 / 3:21
Live
•
Step 3 : Creating an article for your site
Write something that you like, experiences, hobbies, or whatever it is. You have to write articles in English for one week, minimum of 2 articles per day, and performed regularly. If it has passed through one week, then it is time you register Google Adsense.
Step 4 : Register your site to Google Adsense
Google has prepared a complete guide for a list of adsense.
You can see here >> Register Google Adsense
If you want to learn more about adsense, visit this site >> http://adsense.blogspot.com/
Final Step : Get more Traffic from Facebook
"Click Here to Get Guidance on How You Can Earn Money on Facebook with Easily and Quickly"
Posted in: How to Make Money on Facebook
Kirimkan Ini lewat Email BlogThis! Berbagi ke Twitter Berbagi ke Facebook
Recent post Older post Make Money on Facebook | msmarco_doc_00_26519012 |
http://4mermarine.com/USMC/dictionary/b.html | Unofficial, Unabridged Dictionary For Marines - An attempt to capture
the lexicon of the United States Marine Corps
Template for letter pages
NAVIGATE THE DICTIONARY - Numbers¦ A ¦ B ¦ C ¦ D ¦ E ¦ F ¦ G ¦ H ¦ I ¦ J ¦ K ¦ L ¦
M ¦ N ¦ O ¦
P ¦ Q ¦ R ¦
S ¦ T ¦ U ¦
V ¦ W ¦ X ¦
Y ¦ Z
Home Page¦ Dictionary Cover ¦ Marine Quotes
-B-
B00-500
500 cubic foot field space
cooler or air conditioner. Requires a dedicated generator.
B1RD
Humorous identification
for a non-existent Air Force plane. See GU11.
BA 30/30
Government issue green
Ray-o-vac"C" cell battery.
BaMu'o'iBa
Brand name of a Vietnamese
beer.
BA1100N
Balloon.
Baby Dicks
Hot dogs contained in MREs.
Bad Conduct Discharge
A discharge ranking
between Honorable and Dishonorable. It is rumored that Walt Disney's Bad
Conduct Discharge from the Marine Corps was framed and hung behind his
desk--that its distinctive yellow color is seen in early introductions to
"Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color" on ABC in the 1950s and
1960s. This is false--Walt Disney never served in ANY military service. . Also called a Big
Chicken Dinner.
Bag
To get as in, to bag some
sleep.
Bag Drag
Being transferred,
shipping out or moving to new quarters. From the act of dragging the sea bag
from place to place.
Bag Nasty
A meal delivered in a
paper bag, mostly during Marksmanship Training at boot camp but also at other
times in the fleet. The reference is to the quality of the food contained in
the bag.
BAH
Basic Allowance for
Housing. A non-taxable stipend for personnel who do not reside on base but
who rate housing.
Ball-bearing BAM
(1960s) Since most women Marines
were assigned to administration (01xx) it was considered a “female MOS” and
therefore a man assigned to admin was given this epithet.
BAM
A pejorative term for a
Woman Marine, reportedly meaning broad assed Marine. Never used much in the presence
of female Marines out of fear of bodily harm. Women Marine recruits in the
1960s, when it was most used, were taught that the letters meant
"Beautiful American Marine". Known to have been used as early as
World War II. It thankfully fell out of use in the late 20th Century.
Bandoleer
A cloth or canvas
container of several rounds of ammunition.
Bandolier
A linked belt of machine
gun ammo.
BAQ
Basic Allowance for
Quarters.
BAR
Browning Automatic Rifle. The M1918A1 automatic rifle was first used by Marines in World War II until
Vietnam. It was replaced by the SAW--with a 24 year gap between them.
Bar Fine
An amount of money paid by
bar girls in Subic Bay (Philippines) to be allowed to leave the bar or walk
the streets.
Barnett, George
Twelfth Commandant of the
Marine Corps. The Wisconsin native who was born on Dec. 9, 1859became the first graduate of the U.
S. Naval Academy to be appointed Commandant. He served as Major General
Commandant from February 25, 1914 until June 30, 1920. He died April 27, 1930.
Barracks
Buildings where single
Marines live or a duty station where they serve.
Barracks Bitch
Marines who report to the
FMF from Barracks Duty or any 0300 MOS who served on barracks duty before
reporting to line companies in the fleet.
Barracks Cover
A frame cap with a leather
bill and a metal hoop frame for the cloth covering. It has a chin strap which
is usually worn setting above the bill and is adorned with a large eagle,
globe and anchor above the chin strap.
Barracks Rat
A Marine who does nothing
but stay home all day watching television and playing video games. The Marine
equivalent to couch potato. Also a woman who hangs around a barracks, BEQ or
BOQ for the purpose of giving or selling sexual favors.
Barrow, Robert H.
Twenty seventh Commandantof the Marine Corps serving from July 1, 1979
until June 30, 1983. He was
born Feb. 5, 1922.
BAS
Basic Allowance for Subsistence. Money paid in lieu of using military dining facilities. Also Battalion Aid
Station.
Base Pay
The amount a service
member earns per month based on rank and years of service.
Basic School
Basic training for new
second lieutenants. Conducted at Quantico, VA.
Basket Leave
An extended leave of
absence from duty (beyond a 96for example) that ends up not being charged as leave. Often leave papers were
actually filled out and approved, to cover everybody's ass in case the leave
taker got arrested, killed or detained somehow while on leave. They remained
in someone's In Basket, thus "basket leave" until the leave taker
returned. The papers were then destroyed and the leave was never recorded. Usually an illegal way for a CO to reward someone or for your buddy the
company clerk, to do you a favor.
Basketball
(Vietnam)A
flare ship on station to drop illumination flares on command.
Baton
See Field Marshalland Drum
Major.
Battalion
A unit containing multiple
companies. It is typically commanded by a lieutenant colonel. Battalions are
normally assigned to a regiment.
Battalion Aid Station
A field medical unit. The
first organized aid station a Marine will see when transported from the care
of the front line corpsmen.
Battery
An artillery unit
equivalent to an infantry company. Usually six guns used in support of an
infantry battalion.
Battle Dressing
A rectangular medical
dressing carried into battle by each Marine.
Battle
Jacket
A service green uniform
jacket with a faux belt and no skirt used from World War II until the
mid-1960s. See Ike Jacket.
Battle Pin
Necktie clip.
Battle Stations
See General Quarters.
Bayonet
A knife-like weapon
attached to the muzzle of a rifle used for hand-to-hand combat.
Bazooka
Army slang for a WWII
period invention, it was the first of the modern rocket launched weapons and
was made in 2.75" and 3.5" versions. They were used against tanks,
vehicles and other profitable targets but they were plagued by electrical
problems. They were replaced by the M72 LAW. The word was not used in the
Marine Corps.
BB Stacker
Anyone dealing directly
with ordnance.
BC Glasses
Marine Corps issue
eyeglasses (officially F-9). Named Birth Control glasses by the troops due to
their repulsive effect on the opposite sex.
BCD
Bad Conduct Discharge.
BDU
Battle Dress Uniform. The
official name for cammies.
Beating A Dead Horse
A naval term meaning to
work off advance pay on board ship--the period before you start earning money
again. See Dead Horse.
Beef, Grease, and
Shrapnel
C-Ration meal of
Beefsteak, Potatoes and Gravy.
Belay
Stop. Make fast, from the
Naval practice of tying off a line with a belaying pin. Disregard, as in
"Belay my last".
Bells
A system of time on board
ship. The routine day was broken into six watches of four-hours each. The
watch on duty was responsible for maintaining the time so each half hour a
bell would be rung beginning at 30 minutes into the watch with one bell and
ending up at the end of the watch with eight bells. Watches began at 12, 4
and 8 so that at those times eight bells were struck.
Below Decks
The decks below the main
weather deck of a ship. They are numbered from the main weather deck which is
1. Deck 7 is therefore seven decks below the main deck. See Superstructure.
Bennie
Shortened form of benefit. All services provided to or for soldiers, sailors, airmen or Marines are
considered bennies.
BEQ
Bachelor Enlisted Quarters
(barracks).
Bestwick,
Wilbur
First Sergeant Major of
the Marine Corps served from May 23, 1957 untilAug 31, 1959. He was born in
Sabetha, KS on Nov 27, 1911 and died in San Francisco, CA on July 10, 1972.
Betel nut
Narcotic seed nut chewed
by Vietnamese villagers that turned their teeth and gums blood red.
Bib
The portion of a Navy
enlisted uniform that hangs from the back of the neck. In the wooden navy it
was fashion for sailors to have long hair but it would get blown about by the
winds and get stuck in the rigging or machinery. To counteract this, sailors
at sea would braid their hair and dip it in tar (used to seal the boards on
the ship). When ashore on liberty (as opposed to a longer leave where they
would wash the tar out of the hair) they would cut a bibout of sack cloth and tie it around their neck to keep from getting tar on
their one good shirt. The bib eventually became an official part of the
enlisted uniform.
Biddle, William
Eleventh Commandant of the
Marine Corps. The Pennsylvania native was born on Dec. 17, 1853 anddied on Feb. 25, 1923. He served as Acting Commandant
in the rank of Colonel from Dec. 1, 1910 until Feb. 2, 1911 when he was
appointed Major General Commandant and served until Feb. 12, 1914. During his
commandancythe term of office was set, by law at 4
years.
Big Chicken Dinner
Bad Conduct Discharge.
Big Green Weenie
See Green Weenie.
Big Nasty
See Bag Nasty.
Bilge
An acrid mix of sea water,
petroleum products and other brackish material that settles to the bottom of
a ship. Also, information that is of no value or garbage. Or to fail at
something.
Bilge Rat
The sailors who drain and
maintain the bilge on ship or a Marine who was assigned to bilge duty as a
form of non-judicial punishment.
Billet
A specific job authorized
within a unit structure.
Bingo
In Naval and Marine
Aviation a fuel level or condition requiring return to base or ship or aerial
refueler.
BinjoDitch
Rudimentary sewage ditches
found throughout the Orient.
Bird Colonel
A full colonel.
Bird Farm
An aircraft carrier.
Bird, Ball and Chain
Eagle, Globe and Anchor
(usually used by short timers).
Bird, Ball and Hook
A disrespectful reference to
the modern emblem of the Marines, the eagle, globe and anchor.
Birdmen
A pejorative term for
airmen.
Birthday Ball
Begun by Major General Commandant John A. Lejeunewith Marine Corps Order 47, is a celebration of the founding of the Marine
Corps every year on November 10. Marines worldwide celebrate at balls
and parties and bashes during which a birthday cake is cut using a Marine
sword and the first piece is given to the guest of honor. The second
piece is given to the oldest Marine present. The third piece is also
given to the oldest Marine who passes it to the youngest Marine present,
representing the passing on of the traditions of the Corps.
Bishop, Barbara
As a colonel she served as
the fourth Director of Women Marines from 1964 to 1969.
Bitchbox
The 1-MC on board ship or
any amplified system used to pass information widely.
Black, Henry H.
Seventh Sergeant Major of
the Marine Corps serving from June 1, 1975until March 31, 1977. He was born Feb 9, 1929 in Imperial, PA.
Bladensburg Pike
Location of the Marine
line of defense on the edge of Washington DC when the British attacked in the
War of 1812. The Marines were overrun by superior forces but they earned the
respect of their enemy. Some say the British spared the Commandant's House at
8th and I Streets SE out of respect.
Blanket Party
Used most often to
"encourage" a screw up to mend his ways. While sleeping his platoon
mates would sneak up on him or her, cover them with a blanket and administer
numerous blows to the writhing mass. Not authorized and punishable under the
UCMJ. Also not often used.
Blivet
Anything overstuffed or a
rubber fuel bladder. Also a modified fuel tank used to haul small cargo
outside the aircraft. (WWII)Two pounds of shit in a one pound bag. Called a
Herkimer in World War II.
Block
To tighten or straighten a
field scarf(necktie).
Blood Groove
A groove in a fighting
knife or sword said to allow for blood to flow from a wound so that the blade
can be removed easier (an apparent significant concern in close combat). It is un-proven and false information that is told in boot camp and
continues as an un-questioned "sea story."
Blood Stripe
A red stripe worn down the
outside of the legs on dress blue uniforms. It is worn by noncommissioned
officers, warrant officers and commissioned officers, traditionally to honor
the high number of casualties among those ranks at the Battle of Chapultepec
in the Mexican War.
Bloopor Bloope
(Vietnam) Unofficial field
command to hit a target with an M79 grenade launcher.
Blooper
M79 grenade launcher. At
least one is assigned to each squad of infantry Marines.
Blouse
The service or dress coat
worn by Marines. Also the act of tucking pant legs into boots so that the
fabric "bloused" over the boots (worn mostly by Army personnel and
in utilities). Additionally, the art of tucking in a shirt with military creases
so that it appeared tight over the entire belt line and causing a slight
overhang between the two outside creases in the back.
Blowing Smoke
Wasting time, talking for
no purpose and to no effect.
Blown Away
Killed.
BLT
Battalion Landing Team, main
body of infantrymen that make up a MEU.
Blue Blood
Former enlisted Marine who
crossed over and accepted a commission. See Mustang.
Blue Falcon
Intended to mean Buddy Fucker. Someone who causes trouble for another.
Blue Peter
The International Signal
Flag for the letter P. It is a blue square witha white square within it. It signals that
all hands are to return to ship as it is preparing to go to sea.
Blue Water Sailor
One who sails on the deep seas,
as opposed to members of the Coast Guard who are Shallow Water Sailors. See Brown Water Navy.
Blues
The Dress Blue uniform.
BMP
(Boot Camp) Basic Marine Platoon. A platoon into which recently
graduated Marines are placed if, for some reason, he or she can notdepart right after graduation for leave or to
attend further training or assignment directly to the fleet. Anywhere
else it is called "casual platoon."
Boat
Any small vessel incapable
of making regular independent voyages on the high seas. Traditionally, a
submarine.
Body Armor
Flak jacket.
Bogey
An unidentified object,
usually an aircraft, ship or other mobile weapons system.
BOHICA
Bend Over, Here It Comes
Again.
Boondockers
Shoes with high sides,
manufactured to 1917 specifications and famous for having the heels come off. Discontinued in the latter part of the 20th Century.
Boondocks
Anyplace out in the
country.
Boondoggle
Any situation in which the
Marine gets more out of an assignment, job or situation than the Marine
Corps. A good time at the Uncle's expense.
BoonieHat
Field cover with a brim
all the way around it. It became an issue item in 2001 when the no-iron cammieswere introduced. May not be worn in garrison.
Boonies
Boondocks.
Boot
A recruit, a rookie, a
newbie. Applicable to all U. S. military services.
Boot Camp.
In the Marine Corps it is
officially Recruit Training and it is conducted at Marine Corps Recruit
Depots at Parris Island SC and San Diego CA. Parents, friends and other
relatives of Marine Corps Recruits can find help and understanding among the
members of myMarine.
Bootenant
(OIF) A second lieutenant
fresh to the fleet. Does not apply to
mustangs.
Boots and Utes
(Vietnam) A uniform combination
consisting of the utility uniform (the uniform worn in the field) and boots. Most often prescribed for physical training events.
Boots, rubber, ugly
(WWII) The rubber “Mickey
Mouse boots” issued for cold weather.
BOQ
Bachelor Officer Quarters.
Boucoup
(Vietnam)Many, a large
amount. From the Vietnamese French.
Bouncing Betty
A US anti-personnel mine
that pops into the air to waist level before exploding.
Box of Grid Squares
One of the endless groups
of nonexistent items that new members of a unit would be sent looking for. This one was used mainly in artillery.
Boxsee
Vietnamese word for
doctor. Marines called their corpsmen by this name.
Boy
A Civil War era rank just below
private. Boys were "apprenticed" to the Marine Corps (and the Navy)
to learn useful jobs. Many later enlisted or joined the Marine Corps Band. In
the Navy they were put on ship and made "powder monkeys". While the Federal Navy was integrated before the Civil War and many
blacks served in the Navy, black sailors were all free men. With the
arrival of Contrabands(former slaves
"freed" by an act of war) permission was given to the Navy to
enlist male Contrabands in the rank of Boy at half pay. There is a
record of one Boy who was still serving well into his 40s.
Brady, James
Press Secretary to Ronald
Reagan who was shot during an attempted assassination of the President. He
suffered severe brain trauma. A journalist and author. His name was given to
a law that requires a waiting list for the purchase of handguns and he became
an advocate of hand gun control. Served in the Corps during Korea.
Brain Bucket
Helmet of any type
including combat Kevlar and aviation headgear.
Brain Fart
Discontinuity lost of
concentration, a senior moment.
Brain Housing Group
The human head. Also melon
or grape.
Brass
Officers.
Brat
See Military Brat.
BRAVO
(Commtalk)
B.
Bravo Zulu
Well
done. From the Allied Naval Signal Book (ACP-175 Series) adopted after the
formation of NATO.
Brevet
An honor. Prior to the creation of the Medal of Honor and the
proliferation of medals during and after the Civil War, meritorious or heroic
service was often recognized by brevet promotion. The awardees were
allowed to wear the insignia of the next higher rank and call himselfby that advanced title but the pay and honors did
not follow. See Henderson, Archibaldand
General in Chief
Brewer, Margaret
As a colonel she served as the sixth and
last Director of Women Marines from 1973 until 1977. Later, while serving as Director of the
Division of Information at Headquarters Marine Corps she became the first
female Marine promoted to the rank of brigadier general.
Bridge
The compartment aboard ship,
usually in the superstructure, where the captain controls the ship by issuing
orders. It is the ship'sat sea headquarters.
Brig
A jail in the naval
services usually operated by Marines. Also a small warship under sail during
the 18th and 19th Centuries.
Brig Chaser
A Marine, now normally an
MP, assigned to guard a prisoner while being transported to a location
outside the brig, often for a work detail.
Brig Rat
A prisoner or someone who
is frequently in trouble.
Brig Step
A regular step as in
marching but the distance between the front of one prisoner and the back of
the one in front is reduced to about four inches so that they must all step
together. It is a common method of controlling prisoners while moving them
from place to place. It is an illegal step for anyone other than a prisoner.
Brigadier
A rank in the Royal
Marines equivalent to Brigadier General in the U. S. Marine Corps.
Brigadier General
First of the Flag Officer
ranks of commissionedofficers
signified by a silver star on the collar of the uniform. The pay grade is O-7
and is the same in the Army and the Air Force. In the Navy and Coast Guard
the rank is Read Admiral (lower half) and at some times the rank of Commodore
has been used. The rank is additionally indicated on the sleeves of various
uniforms by a two inch gold band topped by a one inch gold band and an
insignia indicating the branch of the service to which the officer is
assigned (most often a gold star indicating a line officer). Shoulder boards
are mostly gold with a silver fouled anchor and one silver star.
Bronze Star
A personal decoration
originally intended for valorous service. By the end of the 20th Century it
was being given out for many non-combat acts, it even became known as the
"officers' good conduct medal". The value of the award was deflated
so much that a metal "V" device to be worn on the medal's
suspension ribbon was issued to indicate valor--it succeeds only
infrequently. The Bronze Star medal can also be awarded for superior
service. After World War II it was given retroactively to every soldier
who had been awarded the Combat Infantry Badge.
Brown Shoe Marine
An old salt. Until
Secretary of Defense McNamara, under President Kennedy, forced all of the
services to use the same shoes, Marines were issued brown shoes. In the early
1960s the shoe color changed to black but the old salts continued to wear
their brown shoes as long as they could get away with it. The color of the
dress shoe polish was actually "Cordovan" which was a dark brown
with a red tint. In the Navy, any member of the aviation community is called
Brown Shoe in reference to the aviator's brown flying boots.
Brown Shoe Navy
Naval officers assigned to
aviation billets from World War II through Vietnam were authorized Aviation Greens
in addition to their standard Navy blue uniform. The cut was very similar to
Marine greens except that there was no belt. Rank insignia was in black and
they wore a khaki shirt and black necktie. The shoes were lighter brown than
the standard Marine Corps issue of the time and they wore tan socks. The
Naval Aviator wings were gold embroidered and the fore and aft cap had small
solid gold wings on the port side and rank insignia on the starboard.
Brown Side Out
(Vietnam Era) Helmet
covers and shelter halves were green camoon one
side and brown camoon the other. This was the
instruction to place the brown camoon the outside. It was most often used to describe confusion in orders as the color would
change frequently and ultimately someone would show up for formation in the
wrong color.
Brown Water Navy.
Operations in rivers and
other shallow water locations. See Shallow Water Sailor.
Brownbagger
A person who carried lunch
rather than eat at the mess hall (usually a Married Marine). Also a bar just outside
the main gate to Camp Lejeune, NC.
Bucket of Steam
A commodity used in a
practical joke by “salty” Marines who would send inexperienced comrades on a
mission to find one as part of an informal initiation rite. Taken from a similar
tactic among sailors.
Buddy
Best friend. It is said
that a real buddy is someone who will go into town when you are restricted to
base and get himself two blow jobs, then come back to base and give one of
them to you.
Buddy Unit
(Iraq) Two Marines,
usually half a fire team. Emerging as the basic urban combat fighting unit. The tactical movement of a buddy team is for one Marine to lay down covering
fire while the other Marine moves forward to a covered position only feet in
front of the position being vacated. Then they change duties. This eliminates
the "fireteamforward" movement and
places the squad leader even further from the action. Some tacticians are
calling for squad leaders to join the leading fire team as a third member and
lead by example--his other fire teams following along a flank. When one
member of a buddy unit is incapacitated he is left behind in forward movement
and the other Marine joins a nearby buddy unit as a third member. The problem
with this tactic is that it decentralizes the command structure requiring
even the most junior Marine to make command decisions.
Bug Juice
Colored, sweetened water
served on ship or in mess halls. Also a bug repellant used in Vietnam.
Bug Out
To leave quickly, usually as
a unit. An individual would bug.
Bulkhead
Wall, from the naval term
for the water-tight structure between compartments on a ship.
Bull
The center or highest
scoring part of a target often called a Bulls Eye.
Bull Run
The first major battle of
the Civil War in which a battalion of inexperienced Marines from the
Washington Navy Yard performed well beyond what should have been expected of
them. With an average of 3 weeks since enlisting, the Marines were trained enrouteto the battle by Major John G. Reynolds, the
battalion commander, and his officers. They supported the 11th New York
"Fire Zouaves" in the first attack during
which the Zouavesbroke and ran--never to be seen
again on the battlefield-taking the Marines with them from the field. The
Marines were rallied four times and entered the battle (a rate equal to the
professional soldiers of the Federal Army) five times. On the fifth attack
the field was swept by fresh Confederate troops (in blue uniforms) who had just
been brought in by train from the Shenandoah Valley. General McDowell and his
officers roundly praised the Marines for their skill and tenacity but Colonel
Commandant John Harris, in his report to the Secretary of the Navy, wrote,
"It is the first instance in history where any portion of its members
turned their backs on the enemy." Ignoring fact, the Commandant
attempted to hurt the career of Major Reynolds and established a lie in the
annals of the Corps.
Bullshit
A card game played by
groups of Marines while standing in line, usually aboard ship. A player will
draw five cards from a shuffled deck and after reviewing the hand will
announce the hand (it can be anything from "One Jack" to "Full
Boat, Flush"). The next Marine in line will decide if the announced hand
is what the player has and will either accept or proclaim
"bullshit". If the hand is accepted the Marine can draw from one to
five cards and announce the hand, but his hand must be better than the hand
he accepted. This continues until someone calls "bullshit". There
is no scoring as the game is usually played while standing up.
Bum Scoop
Bad information. Often
information passed on by Bum Scoop Ned.
Bumfucknowhere
Often BumfuckEgypt meaning in the middle of nowhere--very, very remote.
Bunker
A covered and reinforced
fighting hole.
Burrows, William Ward
Second Marine Commandant. Appointed a major under the authority of the Act of July 11, 1798 which established the Marine Corps
he was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel Commandant on May 1, 1800 under the
authority of the Act of April 22, 1800. Among his many achievements is the
formation of the United States Marine Band. He was born in South Carolina on
Jan. 16, 1758 and died in office on March 6, 1804.
Bursting
Bomb
An ancient insignia used
in the Marine Corps to designate a warrant officer with the MOS that entitles
him or her to be called "gunner"
and on the enlisted grade insignia of master gunnery sergeant.
Bush
(Vietnam)Outside the
perimeter wire. The boonies.
Bust Caps
A firefight. The actual
firing of a weapon.
Bust Heavies
(Vietnam era)To work hard.
But
The pits on a rifle range.
Butt
A cigarette or a wooden
cask or barrel in the wooden Navy.
Butt Kit
Ash tray. Often a #10 tin
can filled with dirt or sand.
Butter Bar
Second lieutenant or ensign,
from the gold color of their rank insignia. A pejorative term.
Buy The Farm
Killed.
Buzzard, Ball and Hook
Another version of Bird,
Ball and Chain.
By the Numbers
In sequence. From the
beginning. Used to indicate that the action would have to be done precisely
as directed.
By your leave...
A phrase spoken by a
junior when overcoming a senior prior to passing. Also a request to be
allowed to depart. Usually followed by "sir" or "ma'm".
Links
to another web site with more info.
Indicates
additional reading on this topic.
Custom Search
NAVIGATE THE
DICTIONARY - Numbers¦ A ¦ B ¦ C ¦ D ¦ E ¦ F ¦ G ¦ H ¦ I ¦ J ¦
K ¦ L ¦ M ¦
N ¦ O ¦ P ¦
Q ¦ R ¦ S ¦
T ¦ U ¦ V ¦
W ¦ X ¦ Y ¦
Z
Home Page¦ Dictionary Cover ¦ Marine Quotes
© Glenn B.
Knight, 2002-2011
Portions of this dictionary and its associated
list of quotations may be quoted without further permission of the copyright
holder so long as an appropriate citation is given. Citation should include
"Unofficial Unabridged Dictionary for Marines" and the URL from which
the quote is taken.
Please send additions, corrections, changes,
modifications to GBK@OldCorps.org
Send Complaints to anyone in the world but me, 'cause I don't really care. I'm
doing the best I can with what I have and most folks seem to like it.
Semper Fi
-B-
B00-500
500 cubic foot field space
cooler or air conditioner. Requires a dedicated generator.
B1RD
Humorous identification
for a non-existent Air Force plane. See GU11.
BA 30/30
Government issue green
Ray-o-vac "C" cell battery.
Ba
Mu'o'i Ba
Brand name of a Vietnamese
beer.
BA1100N
Balloon.
Baby Dicks
Hot dogs contained in MREs.
Bad Conduct Discharge
A discharge ranking
between Honorable and Dishonorable. It is rumored that Walt Disney's Bad
Conduct Discharge from the Marine Corps was framed and hung behind his
desk--that its distinctive yellow color is seen in early introductions to
"Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color" on ABC in the 1950s and
1960s. This is false--Walt Disney never served in ANY military service. . Also called a Big
Chicken Dinner.
Bag
To get as in, to bag some
sleep.
Bag Drag
Being transferred,
shipping out or moving to new quarters. From the act of dragging the sea bag
from place to place.
Bag Nasty
A meal delivered in a
paper bag, mostly during Marksmanship Training at boot camp but also at other
times in the fleet. The reference is to the quality of the food contained in
the bag.
BAH
Basic Allowance for
Housing. A non-taxable stipend for personnel who do not reside on base but
who rate housing.
Ball-bearing BAM
(1960s) Since most women Marines
were assigned to administration (01xx) it was considered a “female MOS” and
therefore a man assigned to admin was given this epithet.
BAM
A pejorative term for a
Woman Marine, reportedly meaning broad assed Marine. Never used much in the presence
of female Marines out of fear of bodily harm. Women Marine recruits in the
1960s, when it was most used, were taught that the letters meant
"Beautiful American Marine". Known to have been used as early as
World War II. It thankfully fell out of use in the late 20th Century.
Bandoleer
A cloth or canvas
container of several rounds of ammunition.
Bandolier
A linked belt of machine
gun ammo.
BAQ
Basic Allowance for
Quarters.
BAR
Browning Automatic Rifle.
The M1918A1 automatic rifle was first used by Marines in World War II until
Vietnam. It was replaced by the SAW--with a 24 year gap between them.
Bar Fine
An amount of money paid by
bar girls in Subic Bay (Philippines) to be allowed to leave the bar or walk
the streets.
Barnett, George
Twelfth Commandant of the
Marine Corps. The Wisconsin native who was born on Dec. 9, 1859 became the first graduate of the U.
S. Naval Academy to be appointed Commandant. He served as Major General
Commandant from February 25, 1914 until June 30, 1920. He died April 27, 1930.
Barracks
Buildings where single
Marines live or a duty station where they serve.
Barracks Bitch
Marines who report to the
FMF from Barracks Duty or any 0300 MOS who served on barracks duty before
reporting to line companies in the fleet.
Barracks Cover
A frame cap with a leather
bill and a metal hoop frame for the cloth covering. It has a chin strap which
is usually worn setting above the bill and is adorned with a large eagle,
globe and anchor above the chin strap.
Barracks Rat
A Marine who does nothing
but stay home all day watching television and playing video games. The Marine
equivalent to couch potato. Also a woman who hangs around a barracks, BEQ or
BOQ for the purpose of giving or selling sexual favors.
Barrow, Robert H.
Twenty seventh Commandant of the Marine Corps serving from July 1, 1979
until June 30, 1983. He was
born Feb. 5, 1922.
BAS
Basic Allowance for Subsistence.
Money paid in lieu of using military dining facilities. Also Battalion Aid
Station.
Base Pay
The amount a service
member earns per month based on rank and years of service.
Basic School
Basic training for new
second lieutenants. Conducted at Quantico, VA.
Basket Leave
An extended leave of
absence from duty (beyond a 96
for example) that ends up not being charged as leave. Often leave papers were
actually filled out and approved, to cover everybody's ass in case the leave
taker got arrested, killed or detained somehow while on leave. They remained
in someone's In Basket, thus "basket leave" until the leave taker
returned. The papers were then destroyed and the leave was never recorded.
Usually an illegal way for a CO to reward someone or for your buddy the
company clerk, to do you a favor.
Basketball
(Vietnam)A
flare ship on station to drop illumination flares on command.
Baton
See Field Marshall and Drum
Major.
Battalion
A unit containing multiple
companies. It is typically commanded by a lieutenant colonel. Battalions are
normally assigned to a regiment.
Battalion Aid Station
A field medical unit. The
first organized aid station a Marine will see when transported from the care
of the front line corpsmen.
Battery
An artillery unit
equivalent to an infantry company. Usually six guns used in support of an
infantry battalion.
Battle Dressing
A rectangular medical
dressing carried into battle by each Marine.
Battle
Jacket
A service green uniform
jacket with a faux belt and no skirt used from World War II until the
mid-1960s. See Ike Jacket.
Battle Pin
Necktie clip.
Battle Stations
See General Quarters.
Bayonet
A knife-like weapon
attached to the muzzle of a rifle used for hand-to-hand combat.
Bazooka
Army slang for a WWII
period invention, it was the first of the modern rocket launched weapons and
was made in 2.75" and 3.5" versions. They were used against tanks,
vehicles and other profitable targets but they were plagued by electrical
problems. They were replaced by the M72 LAW. The word was not used in the
Marine Corps.
BB Stacker
Anyone dealing directly
with ordnance.
BC Glasses
Marine Corps issue
eyeglasses (officially F-9). Named Birth Control glasses by the troops due to
their repulsive effect on the opposite sex.
BCD
Bad Conduct Discharge.
BDU
Battle Dress Uniform. The
official name for cammies.
Beating A Dead Horse
A naval term meaning to
work off advance pay on board ship--the period before you start earning money
again. See Dead Horse.
Beef, Grease, and
Shrapnel
C-Ration meal of
Beefsteak, Potatoes and Gravy.
Belay
Stop. Make fast, from the
Naval practice of tying off a line with a belaying pin. Disregard, as in
"Belay my last".
Bells
A system of time on board
ship. The routine day was broken into six watches of four-hours each. The
watch on duty was responsible for maintaining the time so each half hour a
bell would be rung beginning at 30 minutes into the watch with one bell and
ending up at the end of the watch with eight bells. Watches began at 12, 4
and 8 so that at those times eight bells were struck.
Below Decks
The decks below the main
weather deck of a ship. They are numbered from the main weather deck which is
1. Deck 7 is therefore seven decks below the main deck. See Superstructure.
Bennie
Shortened form of benefit.
All services provided to or for soldiers, sailors, airmen or Marines are
considered bennies.
BEQ
Bachelor Enlisted Quarters
(barracks).
Bestwick,
Wilbur
First Sergeant Major of
the Marine Corps served from May 23, 1957 until Aug 31, 1959. He was born in
Sabetha, KS on Nov 27, 1911 and died in San Francisco, CA on July 10, 1972.
Betel nut
Narcotic seed nut chewed
by Vietnamese villagers that turned their teeth and gums blood red.
Bib
The portion of a Navy
enlisted uniform that hangs from the back of the neck. In the wooden navy it
was fashion for sailors to have long hair but it would get blown about by the
winds and get stuck in the rigging or machinery. To counteract this, sailors
at sea would braid their hair and dip it in tar (used to seal the boards on
the ship). When ashore on liberty (as opposed to a longer leave where they
would wash the tar out of the hair) they would cut a bib
out of sack cloth and tie it around their neck to keep from getting tar on
their one good shirt. The bib eventually became an official part of the
enlisted uniform.
Biddle, William
Eleventh Commandant of the
Marine Corps. The Pennsylvania native was born on Dec. 17, 1853 and died on Feb. 25, 1923. He served as Acting Commandant
in the rank of Colonel from Dec. 1, 1910 until Feb. 2, 1911 when he was
appointed Major General Commandant and served until Feb. 12, 1914. During his
commandancy the term of office was set, by law at 4
years.
Big Chicken Dinner
Bad Conduct Discharge.
Big Green Weenie
See Green Weenie.
Big Nasty
See Bag Nasty.
Bilge
An acrid mix of sea water,
petroleum products and other brackish material that settles to the bottom of
a ship. Also, information that is of no value or garbage. Or to fail at
something.
Bilge Rat
The sailors who drain and
maintain the bilge on ship or a Marine who was assigned to bilge duty as a
form of non-judicial punishment.
Billet
A specific job authorized
within a unit structure.
Bingo
In Naval and Marine
Aviation a fuel level or condition requiring return to base or ship or aerial
refueler.
Binjo
Ditch
Rudimentary sewage ditches
found throughout the Orient.
Bird Colonel
A full colonel.
Bird Farm
An aircraft carrier.
Bird, Ball and Chain
Eagle, Globe and Anchor
(usually used by short timers).
Bird, Ball and Hook
A disrespectful reference to
the modern emblem of the Marines, the eagle, globe and anchor.
Birdmen
A pejorative term for
airmen.
Birthday Ball
Begun by Major General Commandant John A. Lejeune
with Marine Corps Order 47, is a celebration of the founding of the Marine
Corps every year on November 10. Marines worldwide celebrate at balls
and parties and bashes during which a birthday cake is cut using a Marine
sword and the first piece is given to the guest of honor. The second
piece is given to the oldest Marine present. The third piece is also
given to the oldest Marine who passes it to the youngest Marine present,
representing the passing on of the traditions of the Corps.
Bishop, Barbara
As a colonel she served as
the fourth Director of Women Marines from 1964 to 1969.
Bitchbox
The 1-MC on board ship or
any amplified system used to pass information widely.
Black, Henry H.
Seventh Sergeant Major of
the Marine Corps serving from June 1, 1975
until March 31, 1977. He was born Feb 9, 1929 in Imperial, PA.
Bladensburg Pike
Location of the Marine
line of defense on the edge of Washington DC when the British attacked in the
War of 1812. The Marines were overrun by superior forces but they earned the
respect of their enemy. Some say the British spared the Commandant's House at
8th and I Streets SE out of respect.
Blanket Party
Used most often to
"encourage" a screw up to mend his ways. While sleeping his platoon
mates would sneak up on him or her, cover them with a blanket and administer
numerous blows to the writhing mass. Not authorized and punishable under the
UCMJ. Also not often used.
Blivet
Anything overstuffed or a
rubber fuel bladder. Also a modified fuel tank used to haul small cargo
outside the aircraft. (WWII)Two pounds of shit in a one pound bag. Called a
Herkimer in World War II.
Block
To tighten or straighten a
field scarf
(necktie).
Blood Groove
A groove in a fighting
knife or sword said to allow for blood to flow from a wound so that the blade
can be removed easier (an apparent significant concern in close combat).
It is un-proven and false information that is told in boot camp and
continues as an un-questioned "sea story."
Blood Stripe
A red stripe worn down the
outside of the legs on dress blue uniforms. It is worn by noncommissioned
officers, warrant officers and commissioned officers, traditionally to honor
the high number of casualties among those ranks at the Battle of Chapultepec
in the Mexican War.
Bloop
or Bloope
(Vietnam) Unofficial field
command to hit a target with an M79 grenade launcher.
Blooper
M79 grenade launcher. At
least one is assigned to each squad of infantry Marines.
Blouse
The service or dress coat
worn by Marines. Also the act of tucking pant legs into boots so that the
fabric "bloused" over the boots (worn mostly by Army personnel and
in utilities). Additionally, the art of tucking in a shirt with military creases
so that it appeared tight over the entire belt line and causing a slight
overhang between the two outside creases in the back.
Blowing Smoke
Wasting time, talking for
no purpose and to no effect.
Blown Away
Killed.
BLT
Battalion Landing Team, main
body of infantrymen that make up a MEU.
Blue Blood
Former enlisted Marine who
crossed over and accepted a commission. See Mustang.
Blue Falcon
Intended to mean Buddy Fucker.
Someone who causes trouble for another.
Blue Peter
The International Signal
Flag for the letter P. It is a blue square with a white square within it. It signals that
all hands are to return to ship as it is preparing to go to sea.
Blue Water Sailor
One who sails on the deep seas,
as opposed to members of the Coast Guard who are Shallow Water Sailors. See Brown Water Navy.
Blues
The Dress Blue uniform.
BMP
(Boot Camp) Basic Marine Platoon. A platoon into which recently
graduated Marines are placed if, for some reason, he or she can not depart right after graduation for leave or to
attend further training or assignment directly to the fleet. Anywhere
else it is called "casual platoon."
Boat
Any small vessel incapable
of making regular independent voyages on the high seas. Traditionally, a
submarine.
Body Armor
Flak jacket.
Bogey
An unidentified object,
usually an aircraft, ship or other mobile weapons system.
BOHICA
Bend Over, Here It Comes
Again.
Boondockers
Shoes with high sides,
manufactured to 1917 specifications and famous for having the heels come off.
Discontinued in the latter part of the 20th Century.
Boondocks
Anyplace out in the
country.
Boondoggle
Any situation in which the
Marine gets more out of an assignment, job or situation than the Marine
Corps. A good time at the Uncle's expense.
Boonie
Hat
Field cover with a brim
all the way around it. It became an issue item in 2001 when the no-iron cammies were introduced. May not be worn in garrison.
Boonies
Boondocks.
Boot
A recruit, a rookie, a
newbie. Applicable to all U. S. military services.
Boot Camp.
In the Marine Corps it is
officially Recruit Training and it is conducted at Marine Corps Recruit
Depots at Parris Island SC and San Diego CA. Parents, friends and other
relatives of Marine Corps Recruits can find help and understanding among the
members of myMarine.
Bootenant
(OIF) A second lieutenant
fresh to the fleet. Does not apply to
mustangs.
Boots and Utes
(Vietnam) A uniform combination
consisting of the utility uniform (the uniform worn in the field) and boots.
Most often prescribed for physical training events.
Boots, rubber, ugly
(WWII) The rubber “Mickey
Mouse boots” issued for cold weather.
BOQ
Bachelor Officer Quarters.
Boucoup
(Vietnam)Many, a large
amount. From the Vietnamese French.
Bouncing Betty
A US anti-personnel mine
that pops into the air to waist level before exploding.
Box of Grid Squares
One of the endless groups
of nonexistent items that new members of a unit would be sent looking for.
This one was used mainly in artillery.
Boxsee
Vietnamese word for
doctor. Marines called their corpsmen by this name.
Boy
A Civil War era rank just below
private. Boys were "apprenticed" to the Marine Corps (and the Navy)
to learn useful jobs. Many later enlisted or joined the Marine Corps Band. In
the Navy they were put on ship and made "powder monkeys".
While the Federal Navy was integrated before the Civil War and many
blacks served in the Navy, black sailors were all free men. With the
arrival of Contrabands (former slaves
"freed" by an act of war) permission was given to the Navy to
enlist male Contrabands in the rank of Boy at half pay. There is a
record of one Boy who was still serving well into his 40s.
Brady, James
Press Secretary to Ronald
Reagan who was shot during an attempted assassination of the President. He
suffered severe brain trauma. A journalist and author. His name was given to
a law that requires a waiting list for the purchase of handguns and he became
an advocate of hand gun control. Served in the Corps during Korea.
Brain Bucket
Helmet of any type
including combat Kevlar and aviation headgear.
Brain Fart
Discontinuity lost of
concentration, a senior moment.
Brain Housing Group
The human head. Also melon
or grape.
Brass
Officers.
Brat
See Military Brat.
BRAVO
(Commtalk)
B.
Bravo Zulu
Well
done. From the Allied Naval Signal Book (ACP-175 Series) adopted after the
formation of NAT
O.
Brevet
An honor. Prior to the creation of the Medal of Honor and the
proliferation of medals during and after the Civil War, meritorious or heroic
service was often recognized by brevet promotion. The awardees were
allowed to wear the insignia of the next higher rank and call himself by that advanced title but the pay and honors did
not follow. See Henderson, Archibald and
General in Chief
Brewer, Margaret
As a colonel she served as the sixth and
last Director of Women Marines from 1973 until 1977. Later, while serving as Director of the
Division of Information at Headquarters Marine Corps she became the first
female Marine promoted to the rank of brigadier general.
Bridge
The compartment aboard ship,
usually in the superstructure, where the captain controls the ship by issuing
orders. It is the ship's
at sea headquarters.
Brig
A jail in the naval
services usually operated by Marines. Also a small warship under sail during
the 18th and 19th Centuries.
Brig Chaser
A Marine, now normally an
MP, assigned to guard a prisoner while being transported to a location
outside the brig, often for a work detail.
Brig Rat
A prisoner or someone who
is frequently in trouble.
Brig Step
A regular step as in
marching but the distance between the front of one prisoner and the back of
the one in front is reduced to about four inches so that they must all step
together. It is a common method of controlling prisoners while moving them
from place to place. It is an illegal step for anyone other than a prisoner.
Brigadier
A rank in the Royal
Marines equivalent to Brigadier General in the U. S. Marine Corps.
Brigadier General
First of the Flag Officer
ranks of commiss
ioned officers
signified by a silver star on the collar of the uniform. The pay grade is O-7
and is the same in the Army and the Air Force. In the Navy and Coast Guard
the rank is Read Admiral (lower half) and at some times the rank of Commodore
has been used. The rank is additionally indicated on the sleeves of various
uniforms by a two inch gold band topped by a one inch gold band and an
insignia indicating the branch of the service to which the officer is
assigned (most often a gold star indicating a line officer). Shoulder boards
are mostly gold with a silver fouled anchor and one silver star.
Bronze Star
A personal decoration
originally intended for valorous service. By the end of the 20th Century it
was being given out for many non-combat acts, it even became known as the
"officers' good conduct medal". The value of the award was deflated
so much that a metal "V" device to be worn on the medal's
suspension ribbon was issued to indicate valor--it succeeds only
infrequently. The Bronze Star medal can also be awarded for superior
service. After World War II it was given retroactively to every soldier
who had been awarded the Combat Infantry Badge.
Brown Shoe Marine
An old salt. Until
Secretary of Defense McNamara, under President Kennedy, forced all of the
services to use the same shoes, Marines were issued brown shoes. In the early
1960s the shoe color changed to black but the old salts continued to wear
their brown shoes as long as they could get away with it. The color of the
dress shoe polish was actually "Cordovan" which was a dark brown
with a red tint. In the Navy, any member of the aviation community is called
Brown Shoe in reference to the aviator's brown flying boots.
Brown Shoe Navy
Naval officers assigned to
aviation billets from World War II through Vietnam were authorized Aviation Greens
in addition to their standard Navy blue uniform. The cut was very similar to
Marine greens except that there was no belt. Rank insignia was in black and
they wore a khaki shirt and black necktie. The shoes were lighter brown than
the standard Marine Corps issue of the time and they wore tan socks. The
Naval Aviator wings were gold embroidered and the fore and aft cap had small
solid gold wings on the port side and rank insignia on the starboard.
Brown Side Out
(Vietnam Era) Helmet
covers and shelter halves were green camo on one
side and brown camo on the other. This was the
instruction to place the brown camo on the outside.
It was most often used to describe confusion in orders as the color would
change frequently and ultimately someone would show up for formation in the
wrong color.
Brown Water Navy.
Operations in rivers and
other shallow water locations. See Shallow Water Sailor.
Brownbagger
A person who carried lunch
rather than eat at the mess hall (usually a Married Marine). Also a bar just outside
the main gate to Camp Lejeune, NC.
Bucket of Steam
A commodity used in a
practical joke by “salty” Marines who would send inexperienced comrades on a
mission to find one as part of an informal initiation rite. Taken from a similar
tactic among sailors.
Buddy
Best friend. It is said
that a real buddy is someone who will go into town when you are restricted to
base and get himself two blow jobs, then come back to base and give one of
them to you.
Buddy Unit
(Iraq) Two Marines,
usually half a fire team. Emerging as the basic urban combat fighting unit.
The tactical movement of a buddy team is for one Marine to lay down covering
fire while the other Marine moves forward to a covered position only feet in
front of the position being vacated. Then they change duties. This eliminates
the "fireteam forward" movement and
places the squad leader even further from the action. Some tacticians are
calling for squad leaders to join the leading fire team as a third member and
lead by example--his other fire teams following along a flank. When one
member of a buddy unit is incapacitated he is left behind in forward movement
and the other Marine joins a nearby buddy unit as a third member. The problem
with this tactic is that it decentralizes the command structure requiring
even the most junior Marine to make command decisions.
Bug Juice
Colored, sweetened water
served on ship or in mess halls. Also a bug repellant used in Vietnam.
Bug Out
To leave quickly, usually as
a unit. An individual would bug.
Bulkhead
Wall, from the naval term
for the water-tight structure between compartments on a ship.
Bull
The center or highest
scoring part of a target often called a Bulls Eye.
Bull Run
The first major battle of
the Civil War in which a battalion of inexperienced Marines from the
Washington Navy Yard performed well beyond what should have been expected of
them. With an average of 3 weeks since enlisting, the Marines were trained enroute to the battle by Major John G. Reynolds, the
battalion commander, and his officers. They supported the 11th New York
"Fire Zouaves" in the first attack during
which the Zouaves broke and ran--never to be seen
again on the battlefield-taking the Marines with them from the field. The
Marines were rallied four times and entered the battle (a rate equal to the
professional soldiers of the Federal Army) five times. On the fifth attack
the field was swept by fresh Confederate troops (in blue uniforms) who had just
been brought in by train from the Shenandoah Valley. General McDowell and his
officers roundly praised the Marines for their skill and tenacity but Colonel
Commandant John Harris, in his report to the Secretary of the Navy, wrote,
"It is the first instance in history where any portion of its members
turned their backs on the enemy." Ignoring fact, the Commandant
attempted to hurt the career of Major Reynolds and established a lie in the
annals of the Corps.
Bullshit
A card game played by
groups of Marines while standing in line, usually aboard ship. A player will
draw five cards from a shuffled deck and after reviewing the hand will
announce the hand (it can be anything from "One Jack" to "Full
Boat, Flush"). The next Marine in line will decide if the announced hand
is what the player has and will either accept or proclaim
"bullshit". If the hand is accepted the Marine can draw from one to
five cards and announce the hand, but his hand must be better than the hand
he accepted. This continues until someone calls "bullshit". There
is no scoring as the game is usually played while standing up.
Bum Scoop
Bad information. Often
information passed on by Bum Scoop Ned.
Bumfucknowhere
Often Bumfuck
Egypt meaning in the middle of nowhere--very, very remote.
Bunker
A covered and reinforced
fighting hole.
Burrows, William Ward
Second Marine Commandant.
Appointed a major under the authority of the Act of July 11, 1798 which established the Marine Corps
he was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel Commandant on May 1, 1800 under the
authority of the Act of April 22, 1800. Among his many achievements is the
formation of the United States Marine Band. He was born in South Carolina on
Jan. 16, 1758 and died in office on March 6, 1804.
Bursting
Bomb
An ancient insignia used
in the Marine Corps to designate a warrant officer with the MOS that entitles
him or her to be called "gunner"
and on the enlisted grade insignia of master gunnery sergeant.
Bush
(Vietnam)Outside the
perimeter wire. The boonies.
Bust Caps
A firefight. The actual
firing of a weapon.
Bust Heavies
(Vietnam era)To work hard.
But
The pits on a rifle range.
Butt
A cigarette or a wooden
cask or barrel in the wooden Navy.
Butt Kit
Ash tray. Often a #10 tin
can filled with dirt or sand.
Butter Bar
Second lieutenant or ensign,
from the gold color of their rank insignia. A pejorative term.
Buy The Farm
Killed.
Buzzard, Ball and Hook
Another version of Bird,
Ball and Chain.
By the Numbers
In sequence. From the
beginning. Used to indicate that the action would have to be done precisely
as directed.
By your leave...
A phrase spoken by a
junior when overcoming a senior prior to passing. Also a request to be
allowed to depart. Usually followed by "sir" or "ma'm".
Links
to another web site with more info.
Indicates
additional reading on this topic.
</form>
Custom Search
| msmarco_doc_00_26523134 | ||
http://4mio.com/ | 4M Carbon Fiber Technologies is the gatekeeper to low-cost carbon fiber. Patented and proven plasma oxidation. Utilizes 75% less energy. | 4M Carbon Fiber
4M Carbon Fiber
“What Andrew Carnegie did to the steel industry in the late 1800s, 4M’s technology will do to the carbon fiber industry.” Dr. Truman Bonds
Carbon Fiber Plasma Oxidation Commercialization Partners
| 4M Carbon Fiber Technologies is the gatekeeper to low-cost carbon fiber. Patented and proven plasma oxidation. Utilizes 75% less energy.
4M Carbon Fiber
“What Andrew Carnegie did to the steel industry in the late 1800s, 4M’s technology will do to the carbon fiber industry.” Dr. Truman Bonds
4M is commercializing the world’s first plasma oxidation oven for carbon fiber manufacturing. 4M has proven to the industry that its patented atmospheric plasma technology produces an equal or better carbon fiber. Our oxidation ovens can triple throughput capacity compared to conventional technology and reduces the overall CAPEX and OPEX required for new conversion lines. These savings and increased throughput are the critical advantages that will significantly increase the global supply and use of carbon fiber.
Oxidation is a critical step in the production of carbon fiber because it takes the most time, energy and expense and is the major source of downtime. 4M’s technology resolves these concerns, significantly reducing the fiber handling and eliminating other operational issues. Because plasma oxidation oxidizes the precursor material faster and uses less energy, carbon fiber production will be much more profitable. This technology enables the production of three times as much product in the same operational footprint, utilizing less energy, less personnel and ultimately resolving a significant barrier to meeting market growth using traditional technology.
Carbon Fiber Plasma Oxidation Commercialization Partners | msmarco_doc_00_26585755 |
http://4msandmeier.weebly.com/lesson-21---what-jo-did.html | Lesson 2.1 - What Jo Did - Ms. Murray's Fourth Grade |
Lesson 2.1 - What Jo Did
selection vocabulary
amazing words
Skill of the Week - Cause & Effect
Cause & Effect Videos
Cause and Effect Review Lesson for Elementary Students!
Cause & Effect Games
Lesson 2.1 Grammar - Common and Proper nouns
Lesson 2.1 Spelling - adding -s and -es
Reader's and Writer's Notebook
Grammar Extra Practice
Spelling Extra Practice
Michael Jordan
| Lesson 2.1 - What Jo Did - Ms. Murray's Fourth Grade
Lesson 2.1 - What Jo Did
Question of the Week
How can we learn to appreciate the talents of others?
What Jo Did by Charles R. Smith, Jr. is a fiction story story. Fiction often has characters and events that seem real. As you read, try to picture this story taking place where you live, with people you know.
Click on the picture to the left to read the story What Jo Did.
As you read, think about the following questions.
What do the other basketball players think about Jo's talent?
What does Jo do to T.J.'s jump shot? Why does he react the way he does?
In what ways did the basketball players attitudes change after they played basketball with Jo?
Is this story told in the first person or third person? How would the story have been different if it were told from Jo's point of view?
selection vocabulary
fouled - in sports, made an unfair play against an
opposing player
hoop - a ring or a round, flat band
jersey - a shirt that is pulled over the head, made of a
soft, knitted cloth
marveled - be filled with wonder, be astonished
rim - an edge, border, or margin on or around anything
speechless - not able to talk
swatted - hit sharply or violently
unbelievable - incredible, hard to think of as true or
real
amazing words
accept
nervous
dizzy
learn
inspire
reliable
underdog
defy
unique
value
Skill of the Week - Cause & Effect
Cause & Effect Videos
Click on this picture to watch the Brainpop Jr. video about CAUSE & EFFECT.
YouTube
kathawynn
No subscribers
Subscribe
Cause and Effect Review Lesson for Elementary Students!
Info
Shopping
Tap to unmute
If playback doesn't begin shortly, try restarting your device.
You're signed out
Videos you watch may be added to the TV's watch history and influence TV recommendations. To avoid this, cancel and sign in to YouTube on your computer.
Cancel
Confirm
More videos
More videos
Switch camera
Share
Include playlist
An error occurred while retrieving sharing information. Please try again later.
Watch later
Share
Copy link
Watch on
0:00
0:00
/
Live
•
Cause & Effect Games
Lesson 2.1 Grammar - Common and Proper nouns
Click on this picture to watch the Brainpop Video about NOUNS. Username: sandmeier Password: brainpop
Click to play the Common and Proper Noun Dunk Game
Lesson 2.1 Spelling - adding -s and -es
1. monkeys
2. friends
3. plays
4. supplies
5. taxes
6. months
7. holidays
8. companies
9. costumes
10. sandwiches
11. hobbies
12. daisies
13. delays
14. scratches
15. counties
16. teammates
17. memories
18. bunches
19. batteries
20. donkeys
Challenge Words:
21. eyelashes
22. ambulances
23. trophies
24. secretaries
25. inventories
Reader's and Writer's Notebook
Click on the picture above to access Reader's and Writer's Notebook pages 109-119 - What Jo Did
Grammar Extra Practice
Click on the picture above to access the Grammar Practice Book pages 21-24 for Lesson 2.1.
Spelling Extra Practice
Click on the picture above to access the Spelling Practice Book pages 21-24 for Lesson 2.1.
Michael Jordan
| msmarco_doc_00_26587801 |
http://4nids.com/2017/05/26/the-amazing-benefits-of-playing-rubiks-cubes-for-our-brain/ | The Amazing Benefits of Playing Rubik's Cubes For Our Brain | The Amazing Benefits of Playing Rubik’s Cubes For Our Brain
The Amazing Benefits of Playing Rubik’s Cubes For Our Brain
What Are Benefits To Solving Rubik’s Cube?
1. Train improve Memory
2. Coaching Patients
3. Charge Time to spare
4. Maintain short-term memory
5. Increase concentration
| The Amazing Benefits of Playing Rubik's Cubes For Our Brain
The Amazing Benefits of Playing Rubik’s Cubes For Our Brain
By
Katharina Kurniasih
-
May 26, 2017
0
8762
Rubik is a game that relies on concentration and thoroughness. There are several benefits of playing Rubik’s cubes which good for our brains. But playing Rubik is also not easy because you have to concentrate in order to finish the right color arrangement. There are also techniques you should know in order to make them right. This game can be done by anyone and all ages. This is one of a game that is simple because only using Rubik cube then you can do it.
Rubik is a game in the form of a cube that has 6 colors, namely (yellow, red, blue, orange, green, white) and six sides. This game greatly can hone our brain’s ability to imagine. For those of you who really like games that rely on the ability of the brain, this is one game you can do besides playing chess. Without realizing it turns out this game will train our brain intelligence. For those of you who want to know what benefits we can get from this game, you should keep reading this article. Therefore, let us look them below!
What Are Benefits To Solving Rubik’s Cube?
If you’ve never tried playing Rubik, you can try this one game. Why? Because you will get many advantages and important effects of this game. There are various benefits of playing Rubik’s cubes which affect our mind.
1. Train improve Memory
For those of you who are forgetful, this will be very inconvenient and disturbing. Apparently, by playing Rubik, this can help improve one’s memory. Your memory will be more powerful and increase because you have to memorize many formulas to solve it. You can practice as often as possible to help strengthen your memory.
2. Coaching Patients
Our patience will be tested at the time of Rubik play, especially when playing its using logic without using formula, definitely annoying. But there our patience will be trained. Usually, people who just learned to play Rubik within 15 minutes gave up. So, tThis is good for you emotional type of person, you can practice more patiently in solving the problem.
3. Charge Time to spare
Filling in free time using Rubik is the right thing. For example, if you are resting at work or school you can play this one because Rubik is an easy thing to carry. In addition, when you are bored and no work, this game you can play to eliminate your saturation. Rubik can take you anywhere, so when you’re bored or have free time, play this game.
4. Maintain short-term memory
Another benefit of Rubik is to maintain short-term memory. In addition to Rubik, complementing crossword puzzles and chess, Rubik also has the same benefits. For those of you who have trouble remembering something that has not happened recently or in the short term, try to play this. This is very effective to help improve memory in your brain.
5. Increase concentration
Rubik also helps in increasing concentration. Notice how your child should concentrate on choosing the fastest way to finish the ruby. This game requires high concentration and special. If you are having trouble concentrating, this is the right game for you. Concentration is necessary for everything, so if you are having trouble concentrating then it can be difficult for yourself. Therefore try to increase your concentration by doing this game.
Let’s playing Rubik to get the best effect for yourself right now! Those benefits of playing Rubik’s cubes above may you get if you playing this one. Hopefully, this article is very useful for you to read. Have a nice day! | msmarco_doc_00_26591547 |
http://4orienteering.com/course_setup | Orienteering - Course Setup |
Course Setup | Orienteering - Course Setup
Orienteering Home
The Sport:
Orienteering History
Orienteering Overview
Course Setup
Officials
Start/Finish Areas
Course Safety
Control Point Guidelines
Map Symbols
Orienteering Techniques
Civilian Orienteering
The Skills:
Maps
Marginal Information and Symbols
Grids
Scale and Distance
Direction
Overlays
Aerial Photographs
Navigation Equipment and Methods
Elevation and Relief
Terrain Association
Navigation in Different Types of Terrain
Field Sketching
Map Folding Techniques
Units of Measure and Conversion Factors
Course Setup
The challenge for the course setter is to keep the course interesting, but never beyond the individual's or group's ability. General guidance is to select locations that are easily identifiable on the map and terrain, and accessible from several routes.
a. Those who set up the initial event should study a map for likely locations of control points and verification of the locations. Better yet, they should coordinate with an experienced competitor in selecting the course.
b. There are several forms of orienteering events. Some of the most common are route, line, cross-country, and score orienteering.
(1) Route Orienteering. This form can be used during the training phase and in advanced orienteering. In this type of event, a master or advanced competitor leads the group as they walk a route. The beginners trace the actual route walked on the ground on their maps. They circle the location of the different control points found along the walked route. When they finish, the maps are analyzed and compared. During training, time is not a factor. Another variation is when a course is laid out on the ground with markers for the competitor to follow. There is no master map, as the course is traced for the competitor by flags or markers. The winner of the event is the competitor who has successfully traced the route and accurately plotted the most control points on his map.
(2) Line Orienteering. At least five control points are used during this form of orienteering training. The competitor traces on his map a preselected route from a master map. The object is to walk the route shown on the map, circling the control points on the map as they are located on the ground ( Figure F-1 ).
Figure F-1. Line orienteering.
(3) Cross-Country Orienteering. This is the most common type of orienteering competitions. It is sometimes called free or point orienteering and is considered to be the most competitive and intriguing of all events ( Figure F-2 ). In this event, all competitors must visit the same controls in the same order. With the normal one-minute starting interval, it becomes a contest of route choice and physical skill. The winner is the contestant with the fastest time around the course.
Figure F-2. A cross-country orienteering map.
(a) After selecting the control points for the course, determine the start and finish locations. The last control should be near the finish. In describing each control's location, an eight-digit grid coordinate and a combination of two letters identifying the point (control code) should be included in each descriptive clue list that is normally given to each competitor at least two minutes before his start time.
(b) There are usually 6 to 12 control markers on the course in varying degrees of difficulty and distances apart so that there are no easy, direct routes. Instead, each competitor is faced with many choices of direct but difficult routes, or of indirect but easier routes. Each control's location is circled, and the order in which each is to be visited is clearly marked on the master map. The course may be a closed transverse with start and finish collocated, or the start and finish may be at different locations. The length of the course and difficulty of control placement varies with the competitors' degree of expertise. Regardless of the class of event, all competitors must indicate on their event cards proof of visiting the control markers. Inked stamps, coded letters, or punches are usually used to do this procedure.
NOTE:
The same orienteering range may serve in both cross-country and score events. However, a separate set of competitor maps, master maps, and event cards are necessary.
(4) Score orienteering. In this event, the area chosen for the competition is blanketed with many control points ( Figure F-3 ). The controls near the start/finish point (usually identical in this event) have a low point value, while those more distant or more difficult to locate have a high point value. (See Figure F-6 for a sample card.) This event requires the competitor to locate as many control markers as he can within the specified time (usually 90 minutes). Points are awarded for each control visited and deducted for exceeding the specified time. The competitor with the highest point score is the winner.
Figure F-3. A score orienteering map.
(a) Conducting a score event at the start is basically the same as the cross-country event. The competitor is given a map and an event card. The event card lists all the controls with their different point values. When released to the master map, the competitor finds the circles and numbers indicating the location of all the controls listed on his event card. He copies all the red circles on his map. Then he chooses any route he wishes to take in amassing the highest possible point score in the time available. The course is designed to ensure that there are more control points than can possibly be visited in the allotted time. Again, each control marker visited must be indicated on the event card.
(b) It is important for the competitor to take time initially to plot the most productive route. A good competitor may spend up to 6 minutes in the master map area while plotting the ideal route.
(c) There is no reward for returning early with time still available to find more points, so the good competitor must be able to coordinate time and distance with his ability in land navigation in running the course.
| msmarco_doc_00_26595759 |
http://4ou.com/ | Dolan Twins Official Store |
NEW ARRIVALS
Spread Positivity Hoodie - Black (Red)
Spread Positivity Hoodie - Black (Multi)
Spread Positivity Hoodie - Black (White)
Spread Positivity Hoodie - Cream (Red)
Spread Positivity Hoodie - Cream (Multi)
Spread Positivity Hoodie - Cream (Black)
COMING SOON
| Dolan Twins Official Store
485655550_DOLAN-0099 Banner_v1
Video Player is loading.
Play Video
Pause
Unmute
Current Time
/
Duration
Loaded: 0%
Stream Type LIVE
Seek to live, currently behind live LIVE
Remaining Time -
1x
Playback Rate
Chapters
Chapters
Descriptions
descriptions off, selected
Captions
captions settings, opens captions settings dialog
captions off, selected
Audio Track
default, selected
Picture-in-Picture
Fullscreen
This is a modal window.
Beginning of dialog window. Escape will cancel and close the window.
Text
Color White Black Red Green Blue Yellow Magenta Cyan Transparency Opaque Semi-Transparent
Background
Color Black White Red Green Blue Yellow Magenta Cyan Transparency Opaque Semi-Transparent Transparent
Window
Color Black White Red Green Blue Yellow Magenta Cyan Transparency Transparent Semi-Transparent Opaque
Font Size
50% 75% 100% 125% 150% 175% 200% 300% 400%
Text Edge Style
None Raised Depressed Uniform Dropshadow
Font Family
Proportional Sans-Serif Monospace Sans-Serif Proportional Serif Monospace Serif Casual Script Small Caps
Reset restore all settings to the default values
Done
Close Modal Dialog
End of dialog window.
NEW ARRIVALS
Dolan Twins Official Store
Spread Positivity Hoodie - Black (Red)
$65.00
Dolan Twins Official Store
Spread Positivity Hoodie - Black (Multi)
$65.00
Dolan Twins Official Store
Spread Positivity Hoodie - Black (White)
$65.00
Dolan Twins Official Store
Spread Positivity Hoodie - Cream (Red)
$65.00
Dolan Twins Official Store
Spread Positivity Hoodie - Cream (Multi)
$65.00
Dolan Twins Official Store
Spread Positivity Hoodie - Cream (Black)
$65.00
SPREAD POSITIVITY COLLECTION
COMING SOON
COMING SOON
HOODIES
Item Subtitle
ACCESSORIES
| msmarco_doc_00_26602002 |
http://4pawsdogs.org/ | Default Web Site Page | Default Web Site Page
The IP address has changed.
The IP address for this domain may have changed recently. Check your DNS settings to verify that the domain is set up correctly. It may take 8-24 hours for DNS changes to propagate. It may be possible to restore access to this site by following these instructions for clearing your dns cache.
There has been a server misconfiguration.
You must verify that your hosting provider has the correct IP address configured for your Apache settings and DNS records. A restart of Apache may be required for new settings to take effect.
The site may have moved to a different server.
The URL for this domain may have changed or the hosting provider may have moved the account to a different server. | msmarco_doc_00_26604195 | |
http://4pawsforability.org/ | Providing Service Dogs to Children Worldwide - 4 Paws for Ability | Service Dogs for Veterans
Types of Service Dogs
There are a lot of different disabilities out there. Good thing we have a lot of different service dogs!
Service Dogs for Veterans
We've got your six.
Make a Dream Come True!
Volunteer at 4 Paws
| Providing Service Dogs to Children Worldwide - 4 Paws for Ability
Click HERE to register!
Types of Service Dogs
There are a lot of different disabilities out there. Good thing we have a lot of different service dogs!
FIND OUT MORE
Service Dogs for Veterans
We've got your six.
APPLY NOW
Volunteers Needed!
We use a large base of dedicated volunteers to make the "4 Paws Magic" happen.
Volunteer With Us!
How You Can Help
Our success relies on the generous donations of our supporters. There are many ways to help!
Donate to 4 Paws
Previous Next
Over 1500 Service Dogs Placed
Apply for Service Dog
Your browser does not support the video tag.
Enable Audio
Make a Dream Come True!
I can still clearly remember the day I envisioned 4 Paws For Ability and began the journey toward a dream that would help people like me who had to live with disabilities. It was fall, and my service dog, Ben, and I sat behind our Ohio home watching the leaves drift lazily from nearby trees.
Navigate dreams by swiping left/right with your mouse or finger.
Daniel Thornton
Amelia Kilby
Christian Alford
Gavyn Cook
Liam Espina
Luca DePento
Alexijane "AJ" Oliveira-Golden
Lucas Sumpter
Norah Bailey
Samuel Jenkins
Claire Grondz
Bradley Becker
Sydney Frace
Tinsley Mae Kimbrel
Cameron Stowe
Ezra Santos
Deklan Gerred
Martin Hulsey
Avery Brothers
Bria Chapman
Daniel Thornton
Amelia Kilby
Christian Alford
Gavyn Cook
Liam Espina
Luca DePento
Alexijane "AJ" Oliveira-Golden
Lucas Sumpter
Norah Bailey
Samuel Jenkins
Claire Grondz
Bradley Becker
Sydney Frace
Tinsley Mae Kimbrel
Cameron Stowe
Ezra Santos
Deklan Gerred
Martin Hulsey
Avery Brothers
Bria Chapman
Browse Dreams Donate Today
Volunteer at 4 Paws
As a nonprofit organization, we depend heavily on volunteers. Volunteers socialize, exercise, and groom our service dogs in training. Check out a complete list of volunteer opportunities below!
Onsite Volunteer Volunteer Trainer Guardian Home | msmarco_doc_00_26605074 |
http://4pawsforability.org/diabetic-alert-dog/ | Diabetic Alert Dog - 4 Paws for Ability | Diabetic Alert Dog
Diabetic Alert Dog
Here at 4 Paws we place Diabetic Alert Dogs with children who have insulin-dependent Type 1 Diabetes.
Diabetic alert dogs for adults:
| Diabetic Alert Dog - 4 Paws for Ability
Home
Service Dogs
Diabetic Alert Dog
Diabetic Alert Dog
Diabetic Alert Dog, Pip sensing a change in Megan’s blood sugar
There are many tools to use in dealing with diabetes, and the Diabetic Alert Dog is one more tool to add to the toolbox used to help families deal with their child who has diabetes.
With the use of a Diabetic Alert Dog the child can gain the independence they need as they grow up and mature and the parents are not afraid to allow them to do so.
Here at 4 Paws we place Diabetic Alert Dogs with children who have insulin-dependent Type 1 Diabetes.
Looking for a Diabetic Alert Dog for an Adult? Click here for information!
As with all medical alert dogs, Diabetic Alert Dogs are trained to smell the chemical body changes that occur as the insulin levels increase or drop. When a child is experiencing a high or low, their body is releasing chemicals that change their typical scent.
A 4 Paws Dog with the right training in scent-based work is able to respond to those chemical changes, at the onset of the changes long before any adverse medical reactions occur, by alerting the parents or caregivers to the change at its onset. The parents and/or child are then able to check their blood sugar level and take appropriate action.
Training Diabetic Alert Dogs for children means that we must train a dog that is unique in its ability to meet the needs of both the child with diabetes and the child’s family. Most agencies do not work with children, especially very young children.
Here at 4 Paws we have no minimum age requirement and believe strongly in early intervention. In addition to the alert work, these dogs provide a measure of comfort for the child, increased self-esteem and confidence, a distraction during unpleasant medical procedures, and of course companionship.
Diabetic alert dogs for adults:
4 Paws will place Diabetic Alert Dogs with adults with Type 1 Diabetes on a limited case by case basis. Please email karen@4pawsforability.org for an application. | msmarco_doc_00_26607501 |
http://4pawsforability.org/faq/ | Frequently Asked Questions - 4 Paws for Ability | Frequently Asked Questions
Frequently Asked Questions
Q. What is 4 Paws for Ability?
Q. What types of service dogs do you train?
Q. Our child is unable to handle a dog. Do you certify adult-child teams?
Q. Do you place psychiatric service dogs?
Q. Do you place Guide Dogs?
Q. Our child has multiple disabilities. Can you help?
Q. Who is eligible to apply for a service dog?
Q. Do you also place service dogs with veterans?
Q. What is the application procedure?
Q. What does it cost to raise and train a service dog?
Q. Why isn’t the dog free?
Q. How long does it take to get a service dog?
Q. How much money do I have to pay/raise before I qualify for a dog?
Q. I have never fundraised before. How do I get started?
Q. Why are donations to a child’s service dog not tax deductible?
Q. What donations are tax deductible?
Q. Why are donations supposed to be made directly to 4 Paws for Ability?
Q. What happens if I can’t raise the entire amount?
Q. What happens if extra money comes in?
Q. Does payment of the fee/completion of fundraising guarantee me a dog?
Q. Please explain the 9 day training class.
Q. Can you train my pet to be a service dog?
Q. Where are 4 Paws service dogs trained?
Q. Where do 4 Paws service dogs come from?
Q. We already have pets in our home. Will this disqualify us?
| Frequently Asked Questions - 4 Paws for Ability
Home
Frequently Asked Questions
Frequently Asked Questions
We at 4 Paws for Ability believe service dogs should be made available to any child with a disability who wishes to have the love, companionship, and independence that are the result of service dog placement. Learn more about all it takes to do that by watching this video:
YouTube
4 Paws for Ability
341 subscribers
Subscribe
It Takes a 4 Paws Village
Watch later
Copy link
Info
Shopping
Tap to unmute
If playback doesn't begin shortly, try restarting your device.
More videos
More videos
You're signed out
Videos you watch may be added to the TV's watch history and influence TV recommendations. To avoid this, cancel and sign in to YouTube on your computer.
Cancel
Confirm
Switch camera
Share
Include playlist
An error occurred while retrieving sharing information. Please try again later.
Watch on
0:00
0:00
0:00 / 20:37
Live
•
We specialize in placements with children. We also place with military veterans and adults. We have no eligibility requirements beyond a physician’s statement that the person requesting a service dog has a disability as defined by the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. Often times children with disabilities contact agencies that place service dogs only to be told they are “too disabled” or “not disabled enough” and are turned down. Additionally, guardians trying to find service dogs for their children quickly discover that many agencies will not place service dogs with children.
For these and other reasons, 4 Paws for Ability offers a variety of training for assistance dogs. 4 Paws trains our dogs case specific and will work with you to meet your child’s unique needs!
What is 4 Paws for Ability?
What types of service dogs do you train?
Our child is unable to handle a dog. Do you certify parent-child teams?
Do place psychiatric service dogs?
Do you place Guide Dogs?
Our child has multiple disabilities. Can you help?
Who is eligible to apply for a service dog?
Do you also place service dogs with veterans?
What is the application procedure?
What does it cost to raise and train a service dog?
Why isn’t the dog free?
How long does it take to get a service dog?
How much money do I have to pay/raise before I qualify for a dog?
I have never fundraised before. How do I get started?
Why are donations to a child’s service dog not tax deductible?
What donations are tax deductible?
Why are donations supposed to be made directly to 4 Paws for Ability?
What happens if I can’t raise the entire amount?
What happens if extra money comes in?
Does payment of the fee/completion of fundraising guarantee me a dog?
Please explain the 9 day training class.
Can you train my pet to be a service dog?
Where are 4 Paws service dogs trained?
Where do 4 Paws service dogs come from?
We already have pets in our home. Will this disqualify us?
Q. What is 4 Paws for Ability?
4 Paws for Ability is a 501 (c) (3) non-profit organization that enriches the lives of children and adults with disabilities by the training and placement of quality, task trained service dogs to provide increased independence for the partner and assistance to their families.
Q. What types of service dogs do you train?
Hearing Ear Dogs
Autism Assistance Dogs
Mobility Assistance Dogs
Seizure Alert Dogs
Diabetic Alert Dogs
Fetal Alcohol/Drug Exposure Assistance Dogs
Facilitated Guide Dogs
Facility Assistance Dog
Multipurpose Assistance Dogs
Veteran Assistance Dogs
Q. Our child is unable to handle a dog. Do you certify adult-child teams?
We do make placements on a three-unit team. Most of the placements we make are children who are unable to independently handle a service dog, though they would benefit from the dog’s trained tasks on a three-unit team, with a parent, guardian, or adult acting as the service dog handler. We have seen great things happen when children and dogs are paired. As the dog mitigates the child’s disability through trained tasks, the child gains independence, self-confidence, and self-esteem.
Q. Do you place psychiatric service dogs?
At this time, 4 Paws does work with young children who have a mental health diagnosis such as Bipolar or PTSD. Our dogs are placed on a 3 unit team with an adult as the dog’s handler, not the child. With this in mind, we do not work with teens who would want to, or be able to handle the dog independently. Every team should have the best agency for their type of service dog and 4 Paws recommends families with this specific need (independent child handler) search out the best agency for this type of dog.
Q. Do you place Guide Dogs?
At this time, 4 Paws does not train “Guide Dogs” as we believe that this type of service dog work should be done by those who specialize in Guide Dogs for teens and adults.
However, we will work with young children and those older kids who do not qualify for a guide dog because of inability to handle them independently. For example, a teenager who is visually impaired and also severely autistic – 4 Paws would place a dog with training that is called “facilitated guide work,” which the parent can use with the child to help them feel more independent.
Q. Our child has multiple disabilities. Can you help?
Absolutely. We welcome families who may not fit the typical service dog concept and specialize in creative solutions for unconventional placements. Click here to learn about our multipurpose service dogs!
Q. Who is eligible to apply for a service dog?
Any child or military veteran with a disability and (in certain cases) adults. We believe service dogs should be made available to any child or adult with a disability who wishes to have the love, companionship, and independence that result from placement with a service dog.
Acceptance into our program requires that the necessary service dog training is within our scope of expertise, that the home is a safe for the placed service dog, and the family is able to financially care for the dog.
In rare situations, we cannot accept a child or adult into our program. Reasons may include training needs outside our area of expertise or concern about the success or safety of the service dog team. Again, it is rare that we are unable to assist child applicants in particular. Eligibility questions or concerns can be directed to Info@4PawsForAbility.org.
Q. Do you also place service dogs with veterans?
Yes. 4 Paws believes that if every reputable service dog organization placed a small portion of their dogs with veterans, our veteran population would be fully supported in our communities. 4 Paws has chosen to focus primarily on serving veterans of recent combat with a mobility or hearing impairment, and veterans with PTSD. For more information, please review our 4 Paws for Veterans page.
Q. What is the application procedure?
There are 5 stages to the service dog placement process. The application can be found on our website here for children and here for veterans. The application is followed by an interview and official acceptance. This is followed by an official contract, payment of the fee for service/fundraising, class placement notification, followed by attendance at training in Xenia, OH.
Q. What does it cost to raise and train a service dog?
In 2017, 4 Paws commissioned a new study to determine the current cost per dog. The cost of needed supplies, utilities, and labor to support placing more service dogs per year with those in need has steadily increased since 4 Paws began placing service dogs in 1998. The construction of the state of the art training facility and dog kennel, has exponentially increased the experience for our families. Costs include medical care, food, and training equipment as well. In total, the study found that it costs between $40,000-60,000 per service dogs placed at 4 Paws.
Our funding model is partial payment for service. 4 Paws for Ability fundraises to cover a portion of the cost and families provide payment. Currently, the fee for a service dog is $17,000. Most of our families engage in fundraising activities within their communities to raise this fee. Read more here regarding why this fee is not tax-deductible to the donor.
Q. Why isn’t the dog free?
A large majority of the service dog agencies list their dogs as “no cost to the recipient,” which is often taken to mean “free.” However, service dogs are not free. The agency placing the dogs, “at no cost to the recipient” has received donations for the funding of the dog placed. In other words, someone other than the recipient paid for the training of his or her dog.
These agencies have a person, or a small number of people, doing the fundraising. They are able to raise funds and the amount of dogs placed is limited to the fundraising they are able to complete on behalf of the organization. This is part of the reason service dog organizations that place service dogs with children tend to have very long wait lists – an average of five to ten years, some even higher! Some agencies aren’t even accepting applications, as their wait list will keep them busy for the foreseeable future.
The partial payment for service model allows us to expand our fundraising reach. More fundraising is done in less time to more potential donors.
Q. How long does it take to get a service dog?
While 4 Paws works hard to minimize the wait for clients, there is a period of time between completion of fundraising or payment of the fee for service and placement. This time frame would be at least 2 years, as the dog must be bred, raised, and trained. To find out the current timeline for receiving a dog, please contact 4 Paws directly.
Q. How much money do I have to pay/raise before I qualify for a dog?
As of July 1, 2016 the fee for service is $17,000. Very few of our families pay for their service dog. Fundraising is completed in their communities to help raise the fee.
We recognize that this is no small request. Please remember that your participation allows us to place as many service dogs as possible, with all children being accepted to our program and limited wait time for placement. We cannot do it alone. We appreciate your participation. Families who work hard to raise the funds are, as a result, very invested in their future service dog and have a very high placement success rate because they continue their hard work with maintaining their service dog’s skills and training.
Q. I have never fundraised before. How do I get started?
4 Paws will assist you with fundraising ideas! You will receive fundraising information as part of your initial acceptance package. Our Development Director is available to assist with fundraising questions, press releases, and more. Your child can be featured on our Make a Dream Come True page. Additionally, our online family support network is a very good resource for assistance and support.
We are here to support your efforts in any way that we can!
Q. Why are donations to a child’s service dog not tax deductible?
In 2015, 4 Paws was selected for an audit by the IRS. During this audit, the IRS determined that they consider the former fundraising requirement as an “exchange of service”, even though the donors to each child’s fundraising do not receive anything in exchange for their donation. We are required to be listed with the IRS as a fee for service organization and donations that benefit a child directly are no longer eligible for a tax deduction for the the donor.
Ultimately, we do not agree with their decision and we believe that other organizations are able to operate in ways such that donations are made directly to support a specific person and remain tax deductible. However, if we were to appeal the decision and we lose that appeal, the IRS will revoke our 501 (c)3 status making all donations not tax deductible and perhaps damaging our credibility with the un-researched donor. In the overall best interest of our clients, donors, volunteers, and friends, we will proceed with their determination.
All other donations to 4 Paws remain tax deductible, including donations supporting children and veterans (unnamed donations), our building fund, naming opportunities, administrative expenses, veterinary care, dog supplies, and undesignated donations. If you have any questions about if your donation will be tax deductible, please contact us directly at Info@4PawsForAbility.org
Q. What donations are tax deductible?
All donations to 4 Paws, except those that are made directly to a specific, named child’s payment for a service dog, are tax deductible. This includes donations made supporting children and veterans (unnamed donations), our building fund, naming opportunities, administrative expenses, veterinary care, dog supplies, and undesignated donations. If you have any questions about if your donation will be tax deductible, please contact us directly at Info@4PawsForAbility.org
Q. Why are donations supposed to be made directly to 4 Paws for Ability?
Although donations towards a child’s fee for a service dog are not tax deductible, we ask that families who utilize fundraising to cover their fee, choose methods where donations are made directly to 4 Paws for Ability. First, this is for your protection. We can protect our families who ensure donations are made directly to us from accusations of fraud. Additionally, community supporters and donors are more comfortable donating to a reputable organization than a stranger. Finally, it is illegal to fundraise under false pretenses. With so many ways to donate directly to 4 Paws, we believe the best and safest option is direct donation.
Families can create fundraising pages on FirstGiving or Mightycause, make PayPal donations directly on our website, phone in credit card donations, or mail in checks to 4 Paws for Ability. Please ensure the child’s name is attached to the donation in some way.
Q. What happens if I can’t raise the entire amount?
If you are not able to raise or pay the full amount, we are unable to refund any amount already sent to 4 Paws for Ability. If you contact us to cease your fundraising and cancel your application a dog will not be placed with your family. Money raised or donated will be applied to the fee for another child. The fee for service is not refundable.
We have placed more than 1,000 dogs and have never had an applicant (who truly put effort into fundraising) who could not raise the total amount of their fee. It does take time; funds do not come in overnight. 4 Paws will continue to work with you for as long as it takes – there is no time limit. On average, fundraising takes 3-9 months. 4 Paws will NOT quit working with you as long as you are making the efforts needed. We will support you in any way and stay with you until all funds are raised.
Q. What happens if extra money comes in?
Any extra funds that come in as a result of your efforts support the placement of another service dog with a child or veteran.
Q. Does payment of the fee/completion of fundraising guarantee me a dog?
Applicants sign a contract with 4 Paws for Ability when they are accepted to the program. The fee for service is only one requirement of the contract. All requirements of the contract must be met to ensure a service dog is placed with the applicant.
In addition to the fee for service, families must provide all the necessary pre-training information, attend all training sessions during a 9 day class in Xenia, OH (Alaska families are eligible to use 4 Paws Alaska), demonstrate proficiency in handling the service dog in public, and following placement, continue to meet the requirements of the final placement contract. If you are unable to attend your 9 day training session, a dog will not be placed with you. A service dog is a medical device and 4 Paws for Ability will not hand over a medical device to a person untrained to successfully use that resource.
If you fail to follow through on your contractual requirements for getting a service dog at any point during the entire process, from fundraising through yearly certification following placement, a service dog will not be placed or may be removed from your home.
Be assured, 4 Paws will provide a service dog that was chosen and trained specific to your needs. All elements of the initial contract and final placement contract are to protect you, to protect your service dog, and to protect 4 Paws for Ability.
Q. Please explain the 9 day training class.
The individual (s) receiving a service dog and two adults (if recipient is not an independent adult) are required to attend the 9 day training course. This course covers basic obedience, all tasks trained to mitigate the pre-defined disability, dog care, grooming, public access and other topics necessary to ensure that the service dog is able to best perform his/her job. This training course is also the beginning of transferring the bond of the service dog from the trainer to the new partner. A portion of the class is completed online prior to in-person training.
4 Paws is one of few agencies in the United States to work with very young children and to have no minimum age requirement. It is extremely important when working with children that the dog bonds with the child partner from the beginning. The partner bonding with the dog is very important for any of the tasks the service dog is trained to perform, but the child is also required to attend the 9 day training with the dog. We are very used to accommodating the needs of our clients and understand that some children will need breaks and time off – but the child must travel to Xenia, OH, for the class and arrangements to the training schedule can be made directly with the training staff. The time in the evenings at the hotel is an invaluable part of the initial bonding process. Children who are able to participate in training and enjoy it are welcome to participate as much as possible.
We do require that two responsible adults attend training, one must be a parent or the legal guardian. If it is a two parent or guardian home, the second is strongly encouraged to attend though we understand that this is not possible for all families. A family member, friend, health care aide, or other responsible adult can attend class as the second adult to help care for the child during the training session. We encourage the entire family to be part of our training process – our new child play room is very popular with family members during class!
Q. Can you train my pet to be a service dog?
We are unable to train dogs from outside of 4 Paws for Ability to be service dogs.
Q. Where are 4 Paws service dogs trained?
4 Paws dogs are fostered in homes, university campuses, and state prison programs. Specialized task training is completed by qualified training staff at 4 Paws headquarters in Xenia, OH. We have a small program located in Anchorage, AK, that serves families located in Alaska.
Q. Where do 4 Paws service dogs come from?
98% of our dogs are purpose bred at 4 Paws. These are dogs specifically bred for health, temperament, skill set, and conformation. Check out our 4PawPrints newsletter for a recent article further discussing our need to purpose breed service dogs and what breeds we use here.
When we first began, 4 Paws was committed to using shelters as their main source for dogs, but we found that while many of the dogs up for adoption have the potential to be wonderful pet and companion dogs, very few met the strict requirements we have for a dog to graduate from 4 Paws as a service dog with public access. When using shelter dogs, more than 75% of them became flunkies and went on to be the pet dogs they were meant to be. With our purpose breeding program, we have been able to maintain a low rate of the dogs bred being dropped from the training program and adopted out into pet or therapy dog homes.
Because we believe that we are responsible for being the best possible stewards of the resources given to us by loving and supportive donors while meeting our mission to place excellent task trained service dogs with children and veterans, we breed our own dogs. Having tried both ways, we can fairly state that purpose breeding dogs for high likelihood of success in service dog work meets both the requirement to be good stewards of our resources and to place quality service dogs.
Q. We already have pets in our home. Will this disqualify us?
Our dogs are trained to work even with the distractions created by other household pets. We believe that asking a family to give up their current furry family members to obtain a service dog promotes the societal view that the animals in our lives are commodities to be thrown away when no longer convenient. In keeping with this respect for the animals in our lives, we also encourage our families to keep their dogs when they are retired or can no longer work because of health issues. We do require that all dogs at the home be indoor pets, are well cared for, up to date with veterinary care, and are spayed/neutered. An excessive number of dogs may impact the bond with the child. 4 Paws reserves the right to make a determination on the number of dogs in the home, in the best interest of the potential success of the placement. | msmarco_doc_00_26609912 |
http://4pawsforability.org/seizure-assistance-dog/ | Seizure Assistance Dog - 4 Paws for Ability | Seizure Assistance Dog
Seizure Assistance Dog
How does 4 Paws for Ability meet the needs of children with seizures?
The Seizure Service Dog can do the following:
| Seizure Assistance Dog - 4 Paws for Ability
Home
Service Dogs
Seizure Assistance Dog
Seizure Assistance Dog
How does 4 Paws for Ability meet the needs of children with seizures?
4 Paws trains seizure assistance dogs that are unique for each child. Most agencies will not work with children, especially very young children. At 4 Paws, we have no minimum age requirement and believe fully in early intervention.
There are two types of dogs trained to help with seizure disorders; Seizure Response Dogs and Seizure Alert Dogs. Our training falls into the second category and we refer to them as Seizure Assistance Dogs.
Most of the calls 4 Paws receives on a daily basis are in regard to Seizure Assistance Dogs are from the parents of children who have seizures. This led us to develop a program geared toward the placement of service dogs trained to provide a level of emotional support above and beyond what could be achieved with the addition of a family pet as well as training the dog to alert parents to seizures when they occur, if not even beforehand. We have an 80% success rate in our placements.
While children are not mature enough to participate in the intensive training process needed for the successful placement of a Seizure Response Dog (agencies that place service dogs with adults typically train Seizure Response Dogs), parents of children with seizures can use a Seizure Assistance Dog as a tool in helping keep their child safe and the benefits of having a dog as a companion and friend are priceless.
4 Paws For Ability is committed to placing Seizure Assistance Dogs with young children who have any form of epilepsy or other condition causing seizures. While we will work with teens and adults who still live at home and, for all intents and purposes due to intellectual and cognitive delay will never function independently, we do not work with teens and adults who are able to function at typical age level and independently.
The Seizure Service Dog can do the following:
Provide a measure of comfort for the child
Provide a distraction during unpleasant medical procedures, such as blood tests
Be used during a therapy session to enlist the child’s participation
In addition, children with seizures may be afraid of being alone, sleeping in their own beds, and engaging in activities because they might have a seizure. In these instances, dogs can give the children a little courage while helping them maintain their independence.
In addition to providing emotional support in various medical environments, Seizure Assistance Dogs can bring with them miracles that arise when service dogs are provided to children with disabilities.
Sometimes the child who has extensive seizures must wear a helmet to protect from falls when playing on the playground, or while playing with the neighborhood kids, or during school recess. These circumstances can, and often do, lead to isolation. The children who lack understanding of the child’s “difference” from them often avoid the child who experiences seizures. Even young children that have friends may find themselves left behind by their peers as they get older if the seizures limit their activities or result in cognitive delays.
However, there are few children who don’t like dogs, and the miracles that occur when children with disabilities enter the playgrounds with their service dogs is amazing. The service dog breaks the ice. Children will come to pet the dog, and in doing so there is an opportunity to get to know the child and understand the associated disability rather than avoiding the unknown.
Seizure Assistance Dogs are true service dogs and are allowed to go everywhere the recipient child goes as long as an adult team member is with them (someone trained to handle the dog for the child). These dogs are task trained.
All Seizure Assistance Dogs at 4 Paws are trained in behavior disruption, which is a skill started in our Autism Program. With behavior disruption, the parents have commands to send the dog in to interact with the child. Seizure medications often cause behavioral issues, and this skill is a great means of helping your child work though them.
In addition, some seizure medications cause issues with balance and the dogs are trained, if needed, to help the child during these times by walking beside them with a harness they can hold to help stabilize themselves. During the interview and acceptance phase other tasks that may benefit the child may also be identified and planned into the training process.
Some of our parents have reported that their children have fewer seizures since their dogs entered their homes. This is believed to be the result of a reduction in the stress level the children have through the comfort they find in their new companions.
Seizure alerting behavior is a naturally occurring behavior in some dogs. It is thought that perhaps 20% of dogs placed with a person who has seizures may naturally alert.
One way to explain how this works is to discuss housebreaking. When you bring a new puppy home, you can’t say to the puppy, “When you have to go outside, run in a circle three times so I will know you need to go.” What we do is to watch the puppy closely, after a period of time the person will learn to “read” the dog’s nonverbal behavior, indicating the need to go outside. For instance, the owner begins to notice that every time the puppy runs in circles, they then proceed to “Go potty.”
Eventually, the owner will let the puppy outside immediately after observing this behavior and no further accidents occur in the home. This is the same principle as understanding how dogs alert to seizures. If the dog is able to make the connection between the chemical changes he senses and the occurrence of seizures, he may begin to act in a certain way when these changes begin.
For example, they may come and stare at the owner, or they may begin barking and/or even nipping at their owners. Eventually people who seize realize that every time their dog barks madly and nips at them they will have a seizure and they will begin to prepare themselves for the seizure before it actually starts.
The one thing scientists have been able to come to an agreement on is that the dog smells a chemical body change on the person just prior to and during a seizure. While many believe it is not possible to train seizure alert here at 4 Paws we can and do! We have developed a program at 4 Paws to work with children who have very frequent, obvious seizures. We have seen some great success with this training and have noticed that more dogs begin to alert the seizures with the training than without.
Without going into training details, we are able to do the training if the child has frequent seizures. For us frequent means three to four a month on a regular basis. We work with the dog here to facilitate a natural response after the dog is placed. While it still does not guaranteed that our trained seizure assistance dogs will pre-alert, the ability greatly increases it if used in conjunction with a skill trained as a part of the behavior disruption training, in which the dog is trained to interact with the child in a specific manner on parent command.
4 Paws For Ability is committed to placing Seizure Assistance Dogs with young children who have any form of epilepsy or other condition causing seizures. While we will work with teens and adults who still live at home and, for all intents and purposes due to intellectual and cognitive delay will never function independently, we do not work with teens and adults who are able to function at typical age level and independently. | msmarco_doc_00_26632951 |
http://4pfoods.com/how-it-works/ | How It Works | 4P Foods | How It Works
How It Works
we deliver healthy, sustainable food from local and regional family farms to you
Farmers Grow & Harvest
Choose Your Bag & Customize What's Inside
We deliver to you
Our promise
Our farm partners are good stewards of the land, food, animals, and communities they serve. We encourage farmers to use sustainable and regenerative farming methods to rebuild the soil and health of the community. We pay farmers fair prices for the work they do and support equitable food sourcing and fair labor practices. we use reusable packaging to curb our carbon footprint. we will always strive to provide you with source transparency so that you can make informed decisions about what food is on your table.
Are you a wholesale shopper? Learn More
Convenient
Get fresh deliveries to your home, office, or building
Give your employees the gift of health— at no cost to you!
building a better food system
Fresh from our farmers
Committed to our planet
Good Food FOR ALL
Community Picks
| How It Works | 4P Foods
How It Works
we deliver healthy, sustainable food from local and regional family farms to you
farmers grow
Fill your bags
Get Good Food
Farmers Grow & Harvest
We work with more than 250+ sustainable family farmers in the Mid-Atlantic for the best quality and variety of fresh food. The more we grow, the more farmers thrive and the more we give back through our food equity initiatives.
Choose Your Bag & Customize What's Inside
Choose your 4P Bag, customize what's inside and add on extra items to fill your bags. Set frequency for one-time or recurring orders to get what you need, when you need it.
We deliver to you
We make it easy to keep healthy food on the table! Save yourself a trip to the store and set up delivery right to your door. Or set your delivery to a 4P pick-up site to save C02 and save money.
Our promise
Our farm partners are good stewards of the land, food, animals, and communities they serve. We encourage farmers to use sustainable and regenerative farming methods to rebuild the soil and health of the community. We pay farmers fair prices for the work they do and support equitable food sourcing and fair labor practices. we use reusable packaging to curb our carbon footprint. we will always strive to provide you with source transparency so that you can make informed decisions about what food is on your table.
Are you a wholesale shopper? Learn More
Question
How are you different than other online food delivery services?
Answer
We bring the freshest, highest-quality produce, meat, dairy, and pantry goods right to your doorstep from farmers and producers in the Mid-Atlantic region (and sometimes beyond) who share our values of Good Food. With 4P, you are voting with your fork for a more sustainable and equitable food system for everyone.
Our produce offerings vary with the seasons. In the Spring, you’ll see asparagus and strawberries. In the summer, tomatoes and sweet corn. Autumn equals apples and leafy greens. And in the Winter, it’s a mix of local greenhouse-grown produce like lettuce and storage crops like butternut squash, artisan goods from local makers, and fruits and vegetables from farmers further south.
Year-round, we offer great local meats and dairy from animals raised on open pasture and treated with dignity throughout their lives, as well as delicious pantry goods like pastas, jams, and more made by local artisans. We also aim to curb waste by packaging food in eco-friendly totes that are returned and reused.
Question
Where do you source your food from?
Answer
The short answer: we source locally and regionally from a network of over 200 small, independent farmers, most of them located in the Mid-Atlantic. Does that mean it’s “local?” That depends on where you live and how you define it, so we often use the term “regional” to describe our sourcing practices.
The longer answer: it depends on the item and the season. Avocados don’t grow in the Mid-Atlantic, so we buy them from a fair-trade cooperative in Peru (read more about our sourcing of tropical items on our blog here ). As another example, we can offer peak-season strawberries longer by following their season up from the Carolinas in early spring through Virginia and beyond into mid-summer. 4P is a founding member of the Eastern Food Hub Collaborative, a network of other food hubs like us up and down the Eastern Seaboard who all work with their own vetted networks of small, sustainable farmers and work together to increase the variety and supply of produce available from this region.
Read our growing collection of farmer profiles for more information about our food and the people behind it.
Question
Is all the food organic? What about non-GMO?
Answer
Some of it is USDA-certified organic, and some of it is not (not all farmers who use organic practices choose to get certified). While certifications are certainly important, what is most important to us is Good Food.
Good Food provides nourishment and enables people to thrive, is equitably accessible to everyone in the region, is produced in a manner that is environmentally regenerative, comes from a supply chain in which every being is treated with respect and dignity, and improves health outcomes and economic security for all.
We work with farmers who are good stewards of their resources, including land, water, and labor. Our farmer profiles are a great place to get more information about each farmer and their growing practices. While we embrace a local and regional food system, you can choose to customize your bags to include only local products, for example.
Our long-term goal is to be 100% supporting regenerative agriculture. Regenerative agriculture seeks not only to maintain but also to increase soil health, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity.
Question
What is 4P's Mission?
Answer
Our mission is to empower you to transform the food system.
And how do we do that, you ask? Every purchase you make with 4P allows you to live your values via a short, transparent supply chain and to know that you are supporting a company seeking far more than profit (in fact, the 4P's are an expansion of the idea of the triple bottom line: People, Planet, Prosperity, and Purpose). Everything we do aims to help small and mid-sized family farmers and artisans not just to survive, but to thrive, while also helping ensure that all people have equitable access to the Good Food produced by these farmers.
We believe that Good Food— food that is traceable, nutritious, accessible, and produced in a system that empowers farmers and sustains the environment— should be the norm, not the exception, and we actively work to make that vision a reality each and every day. Every purchase with 4P not only supports a growing network of small family farms and artisan producers in the region, but also advances equitable access to fresh healthy food in the communities we serve.
View All FAQs
Convenient
Get fresh deliveries to your home, office, or building
Your Office
Your Building
Your Home
Your Business
Give your employees the gift of health— at no cost to you!
As a health and wellness perk, 4P Foods can help you recruit new employees and keep your current staff healthy and happy. It’s also an excellent addition to your sustainability initiatives, with environmental and social impacts that any company can be proud of.
learn More
save tenants both time and money— at no cost to you!
Your residents will love having a local, sustainable grocery delivery option as an amenity! 4P Foods is also an excellent addition to your sustainability initiatives, with environmental and social impacts that any company can be proud of.
learn More
with 4P it's easy to keep good food on the table!
Save yourself a trip to the store and get the region’s bounty delivered right to your door. Delivery is FREE on all orders over $60 (and let’s be honest—how often do you spend less than that at the grocery store?).
Find Out More
Give customers another reason to keep coming back!
As a local business, you'll want to become a 4P Community Pick-up Site! Give your customers another reason to walk through your doors as a contactless pick-up point for weekly groceries. 4P proudly partners with breweries, cafes, gyms and wellness centers throughout the areas we serve, offering waived delivery fee and sense of community. Contact our team to start driving some traffic your way too!
Get In Touch
building a better food system
meet farmers & artisans
Fresh from our farmers
Eat seasonal and healthy food fresh and transparently sourced from our trusted network of regional farms.
Committed to our planet
Together we're building a more sustainable food system that supports low-impact, sustainable, and regenerative methods of food production. Curb your food footprint with responsibly produced groceries delivered in reusable packaging.
Good Food FOR ALL
Our values go beyond local. With 4P, your food dollars support small-scale farmers and help make Good Food--food that is nourishing, equitably accessible, environmentally regenerative, and ethically produced--available to all.
Community Picks
Start Shopping
Produce Bag
See Item
Fruit Bag
See Item
Dairy Bag
See Item
Protein Bag
See Item
Try Us Today—Completely Commitment Free | msmarco_doc_00_26641018 |
http://4pics1word-answers.com/ | 4 Pics 1 Word Answers & Cheats - 4 Pics 1 Word Answers | 4 Pics 1 Word Answers & Cheats
4 Pics 1 Word Answers & Cheats
4 Pics 1 Word Answers – Letters and Levels
About 4 Pics 1 Word Game
| 4 Pics 1 Word Answers & Cheats - 4 Pics 1 Word Answers
4 Pics 1 Word Answers & Cheats
4 Pics 1 Word answers, cheats, and hints will show you how to beat all levels and letters of the game for iPhone, iPod, iPad, and Android. Guess the word that the four pictures represent in the 3,000+ puzzles of this game by LOTUM GmbH. Use these 4 Pics 1 Word cheats to help you beat the app if you are stuck on a level!
4 Pics 1 Word Answers – Letters and Levels
4 Pics 1 Word 8 Letters
4 Pics 1 Word 7 Letters
4 Pics 1 Word 6 Letters
4 Pics 1 Word 5 Letters
4 Pics 1 Word 4 Letters
4 Pics 1 Word 3 Letters
4 Pics 1 Word All Levels
4 Pics 1 Word XMAS
If you still can’t find the help that you are looking for, please leave a comment with the level number and image descriptions so we can give you the answer for that puzzle!
About 4 Pics 1 Word Game
4 Pics 1 Word is one of the most popular apps on the market today! 4 Pics 1 Word is a simple game that will keep your brain whirring. The app presents you with 4 pictures and asks you to guess what the word they represent is. It might sound simple, but this game can get hard quickly! 4 Pics 1 Word is the perfect app to occupy your time while waiting for a friend, a train or an appointment. Just pull out your phone to put your mind to the test. Can you guess what six letter word coffee beans, a weightlifter, an ant and a kid trying to lift a weight represent? It’s ‘strong’, just like your brain will be.
Over 150 million people have downloaded 4 Pics 1 Word. Don’t be the last to join! Play by yourself or with your friends. You can even connect the app to Facebook to show off how well you are doing. The app constantly updates, so you’ll never run out of answers. No matter what, 4 Pics 1 Word will be there to keep you entertained. You don’t have to sign up for anything or give your login to any account to start playing. Simply visit your app store, download the app and start playing 4 Pics 1 Word today.
Stuck on a level of 4 Pics 1 Word? The game offers hints and various clues throughout gameplay. You can even buy extra hints if you like. If you’re stuck and don’t like spending money on your gameplay, just check out our database of answers to 4 Pics 1 Word levels. Conveniently organized by both level number and length of the answer, you’ll be sure to find the help you need. Keep moving on to newer and more exciting levels. You’ll never be bored in a waiting room again with the help of 4 Pics 1 Word.
| msmarco_doc_00_26650587 |
http://4pics1word.ws/ | 4 Pics 1 Word answers | 4 Pics 1 Word answers
3 letter words
4 letter words
5 letter words
6 letter words
7 letter words
8 letter words
9 letter words
The puzzles in 4 Pics 1 Word are randomized, meaning you won't get them in quite the same order that we have. To find your answer, count how many letters are in it and click the matching link up above.
4 Pics 1 Word is a phenomenon that has taken mobile gamers by storm. Made by LOTUM, the same minds that brought us Icomania and Pic Combo, these puzzles will test your logical thinking in all sorts of ways. Each of the four pictures have something in common, which is what you must find. When your brain is exhausted, use our help pages instead.
© 4 Pics 1 Word answers | Privacy Policy | Last updated on April 8th, 2020. | msmarco_doc_00_26653450 | |
http://4playclub.com/club-photos/#:~:text=About%204playclub%20All%20Gentlemen%20know%2C%20when%20in%20L.A.%2C,freeways%20meet%20near%20Beverly%20Hills%20and%20Santa%20Monica. | Club Photos 2 – 4Play Gentlemen’s Club | Club Photos 2 – 4Play Gentlemen’s Club
Toggle navigation | msmarco_doc_00_26654349 | |
http://4pm.com/how-to-select-project-software/ | Project Management Software | Project Management Software
Project Management Software
Why Use Project Management Software?
How to Use Project Management Software
Project Management Software Survey
Project Management Software For Small Projects
Project Management Software for Medium-size Projects
Project Management Software for Larger Projects
Project Management Software for Multiple Projects
Project Management Software Summary
Author: Dick Billows, PMP
| Project Management Software
Project Management Software
Dick Billows, PMP
CEO 4pm.com
Dick’s Books on Amazon
Project Management Software comes in many degrees of sophistication and prices range from $50 to $20,000 or more. The Project Management Software itself doesn’t make you more effective; it just makes you more efficient. The software doesn’t teach you how to define the scope, communicate with the project sponsor or make clear assignments to your team members. It just lets you do these and many other tasks more efficiently. Let’s talk about the types of Project Management Software available for the kind of projects you manage. This will let you pick a Project Management Software tool that’s right for you and the organizational setting in which you work. Project Schedule & Software Main Page
Why Use Project Management Software?
Picking the correct Project Management Software product to build your schedule is a key to consistently finishing your projects on time and within budget. The software lets you schedule the critical project management steps more efficiently than using a yellow notepad or an Excel spreadsheet. It allows you to quickly and efficiently complete these critical steps:
Spotting problems early, not after it’s too late to fix them
Optimizing the use of resources so you finish as early as possible
Updating the project schedule in a few minutes each week so you know where you are
Updating everyone’s schedule quickly when things change.
No matter what size your project is, you should use Project Management Software to save time and get the data you need. It is valuable on small projects and a necessity on larger projects. There are thousand of project management software packages on the web, in the cloud or that to you can install on your PC or Mac. Even the free Project Management Software products that are available are worth using. Software will save you hours making your plan and schedule and reporting actual progress to the boss. The time you save will allow you to manage the project team and anticipate/solve problems. That makes you a more effective and successful project manager. People who try to manage projects using a yellow note pad or spreadsheets like Microsoft Excel waste hundreds of hours, even on a small project.
How to Use Project Management Software
First, you will use Project Management Software to develop the schedule. You’ll enter data about the deliverables in the work breakdown structure (WBS) and the people who will be doing the work. This includes the hours of work each task requires and the availability of the team members assigned to teach task. With that data, the software can calculate the duration of the tasks and the entire project. It also produces a schedule for each team member. The schedules show the team members when they are supposed to start and finish each task.
You’ll also use Project Management Software to track progress on the plan that the project sponsor approved. The software compares how the project is actually doing versus the plan. To do this, the software uses the data you enter every week from the project team members’ status reports. It will automatically compare what’s actually happened to what should have happened. This lets you spot variances to the plan and take corrective action to fix the negative variances.
Project Management Software Survey
As project management has become more important in organizations, the number of Project Management Software products has increased. In our latest survey of Project Management Software products, we found over 500 legitimate products. (By the way, we don’t sell any software.) There were hundreds more products that didn’t meet the following minimum criteria:
Produce a Gantt chart that clearly communicates the start and finish date for each task and their sequence.
Calculate the duration for each task and the entire project from work and availability data
Generate graphics and data comparing actual performance to the baseline project schedule.
If those three criteria are all you need, there are plenty of Project Management Software packages costing $25 or less that will meet your needs. You could also spend thousands of dollars for packages that don’t do much more than those three features; they just do it fancier. Before buying any software, you need to decide what you want it to do for you. There are additional capabilities that even a new project manager starting out on a small project should get from their Project Management Software.
So let’s explore which of the following categories fits you best.
Project Management Software For Small Projects
Project managers in this category often plan and schedule with only durations, not estimates of work and resource capacity. Many times they don’t need to develop or track a project budget and status reports only track completion dates. At this level, the organization usually does not consolidate or “roll-up” all the projects into a project portfolio. It also doesn’t manage the total use of all the people who work on projects.
The low-end Project Management Software products are fine for project managers who want to automate the process of building plans, preparing occasional status reports and producing simple Gantt and PERT charts . There are plenty of packages that will automate these basics for you. There is no need to invest the time to master the more advanced products. For under $125, there are products like: Gantter or Quickbase. Most computer and business supply stores carry these less expensive products. There are also a number of web-based products at this capability level.
Project Management Software for Medium-size Projects
As the scale of projects grows and their impact reaches beyond one functional unit, demands grow on the project manager’s techniques and the Project Management Software capabilities. Software that is a static representation of start and finish dates won’t meet your needs. You need to use software tools that simulate the project and reschedule and optimize it every time there is a change. You can’t re-enter start and finish dates every time something changes in the schedule. You need Project Management Software that can control the sequence of tasks with predecessor relationships. Predecessor relationships connect tasks that must be done sequentially, concurrently or consecutively. As an example, Task A must finish before Task B can start. Or Tasks A and B must finish at the same time (or begin at the same time). The software helps you build project plans based on estimated hours of work and predecessor relationships, not just start and finish dates. Those dates change frequently throughout the life of the project. Project Management Software that uses predecessor relationships lets you update the schedule in 10 minutes each week. No more hours spent crunching calculations and doing data entry.
Project Management Software at this level also gives you the ability to enter estimate-to-complete data. This allows you to gather data from your project team members about when they’re going to finish their task (s). Then you use the software to forecast when the entire project will finish. This makes your status reports more complete and lets you communicate to the boss that you are in control of what’s happening on the project.
Budget is now an important issue in planning and tracking. You require software that gives you the ability to budget and schedule internal employees was well as external consultants, vendors, equipment and travel expenses. These products include critical path and resource leveling tools. And because you are building more precise work-based plans, the Project Management Software will produce more advanced earned value reporting and slack and delay reports for fine-tuning the schedule and resolving variances.
The cost of this project software takes quite a jump in price to the $300-$500 level. The learning curve for these software tools is much steeper than the prior level. The big market shares belong to Microsoft Project and Primavera (Oracle) products.
Project Management Software for Larger Projects
On larger projects, you will need the ability to schedule and track progress using work estimates. You also need to track actual work completed versus the baseline plan. You shouldn’t use estimates of start and finish dates. You should be scheduling and tracking with estimates of the amount of work and the duration, not finish dates. This allows you to avoid surprises, especially those surprises that come just before the scheduled finish date. Then t’s too late for you to fix them. You have an early warning system if you estimate both the amount of work required to do the task and the amount of work remaining on a task. The latter is reported by your team members in their weekly status reports. It’s important to have the software track resource utilization and the workload for each team member. This gives you the facts needed to shift resources between tasks as problems arise and more resources are needed. You need the ability to display critical path, slack (also called float) and delay for each task. This allows you to quickly shorten the duration and decide what tasks you should assign to people when changes occur. You need to make weekly adjustments to resource assignments as new projects start and old ones finish or slip. All professional project managers use Project Management Software with these capabilities. Microsoft Project has all these capabilities in the desktop version and it is an excellent Project Management Software program for larger projects.
Project Management Software for Multiple Projects
The requirements for sophisticated Project Management Software products grow when you start managing multiple projects. In this situation, you are probably operating in a mature project organization that manages resources across all projects. There are executives who are accountable for portfolios of projects. You need a set of Project Management Software tools to consistently plan projects, set priorities, allocate resources to projects based on those priorities and track their progress through completion. You now need to consolidate (roll-up) multiple projects and provide consistent information so executive decision-makers can prioritize projects. You must also allocate resources and schedule and track a pool of people working on multiple projects. This process is a lot more complicated than it sounds. It requires organization processes for portfolio management and Project Management Software that can identify conflicting demands for the same resources. It must allow the executives to set priorities among projects that require the same resources. Here are other requirements the Project Management Software must provide:
Visuals that compare the actual to the baseline schedule and budget. Display slack and delay for schedule and resource optimization.
Report by task, major deliverable, resource and the department the resources came from. Earned value, cost and time variances are also required reports.
Base the schedule on work estimates, not just start/finish dates. (You can skip it if finishing on time is not critical in your organization.)
Calculate duration based on resource availability and work required (resource-driven scheduling).
Schedule people for a portfolio of projects based on project priorities.
Automatic resource leveling to ensure no resource is assigned more work than they can do.
Archived database for future project estimates.
At the strategic project level, you need Project Management Software that can allocate people’s time based on the priority of the task or project to which they’re assigned. Resource-driven scheduling uses predecessor relationships, not start and finish dates. This combination of features saves you lots of time. It also gives you the tools to quickly quantify the impact of changes the project sponsor wants to make. Project managers routinely deal with sponsors who are several organizational levels above them or who sign their paycheck. In these situations, you can’t argue with the sponsor about the best way to do the project. What you need is data to quantify the impact of changes and model alternative ways of solving problems. Having that data gives you more credibility with the sponsor. It also gives the executives solid date on which to make their decisions. They don’t have to pluck due dates and budgets out of the air.
In addition to time-saving scheduling and analysis tools, Project Management Software should also archive data for use on future projects. Incredible value comes from archiving data on every project. The right Project Management Software tracks actual performance in terms of hours of work and completion dates and builds a database for estimating on the next project. The archived data makes future estimates easier and more accurate. Microsoft Project also has all these capabilities in the desktop version.
Project Management Software Summary
Project Management Software products come in many levels of sophistication with prices ranging from free to $20,000 or more. No matter what size your project is, you should use Project Management Software to save time and get the data you and the project sponsor need. It is valuable on small projects and a necessity on larger projects.
You can learn how to use project management software in our online project management basics courses. You work privately with an expert project manager who is your instructor and coach. You control the schedule and pace and have as many phone calls and live video conferences with them as you wish. Take a look at the courses in your specialty.
[button link=”http://162.144.114.198/~jwkdwgmy/it-project-management/it-project-basics-111/” style=”info” color=”red” window=”yes”]IT Projects [/button]
[button link=”http://162.144.114.198/~jwkdwgmy/business-project-management/project-management-basics/” size=”medium” style=”download” color=”#1e14a8″ border=”#940940″ window=”yes”]Business [/button]
[button link=”http://162.144.114.198/~jwkdwgmy/construction-project-management/construction-project-basics-121/” style=”info” color=”red” window=”yes” bg_color=”00000000″]Construction [/button]
[button link=”http://162.144.114.198/~jwkdwgmy/healthcare-project-management-2/healthcare-project-basics-131-2/” style=”info” color=”#1e14a8″ window=”yes” bg_color=”00000000″]Healthcare [/button]
[button link=”http://162.144.114.198/~jwkdwgmy/client-project-management/client-project-basics-online-141/” style=”info” color=”red” window=”yes” bg_color=”00000000″]Consulting [/button]
Author: Dick Billows, PMP
Dick has more than 25 years of project and program management experience throughout the US and overseas. Dick was a partner in the 4th largest professional firm and a VP in a Fortune 200 company. He trained and developed 100's of project managers using his methodology. Dick is the author of 14 books, over 300 articles and director/producer of 90 short project management training videos. He and a team of 25 project managers work with client companies & students across the US and in Europe, South America, Asia and the Middle East. They have assisted over 300 organizations in improving their project performance. Books by Dick Billows, PMP are on Amazon.com View all posts by Dick Billows, PMP | msmarco_doc_00_26654730 |
http://4point2.org/cabanatuan.htm | Cabantuan | Rescue at Cabanatuan
Rescue at Cabanatuan
Dr. Michael J. King
General Background
Cabanatuan
Cabanatuan Operation: routes to and from the objective, January 1945.
Cabanatuan Operation: Actions at the Objective, January 1945.
Commentary
Subsequent Developments
| Cabantuan
Rescue at Cabanatuan
Dr. Michael J. King
Editor's note: This article once appeared on the website of the U.S. Army Ranger Association without attribution. Through the courtesy of Anthony D. King, we now know that the item is actually part of a document called "Leavenworth Papers No. 11, Rangers: Selected Combat Operations in World War II" by Dr. Michael J. King, U.S Army Command and General Staff College. The entire document can be seen at www.cgsc.army.mil/carl/download/csipubs/king.pdf
General Background
The rescue of 511 American and Allied prisoners from a Japanese POW compound near Cabanatuan in the Philippines by elements of the 6th Ranger Battalion, reinforced by Alamo Scouts and Filipino guerrillas, was the most complex operation that Rangers conducted during World War II. It was also one of the most successful.
The 6th Ranger Battalion had its roots in the 98th Field Artillery Battalion. The 98th was activated at Ft. Lewis, Washington, in January 1941, and subsequently served in New Guinea. In April 1944, it was at Port Moresby as part of Sixth Army. Unknown to the 98th's men, events had already transpired that would lead to the unit's redesignation and reorganization.
In late 1943, Lieutenant General Walter Krueger, who had recently become commanding general of Sixth Army, created an elite force that he named the Alamo Scouts. The scouts were loosely patterned after the Navy's frogmen and conducted reconnaissance and other special missions behind enemy lines in teams usually composed of one officer and six enlisted men. They were extremely successful and within nine months won nineteen Silver Stars, eighteen Bronze Stars, and four Soldier's Medals without suffering any losses. Krueger was so favorably impressed with the scouts' effectiveness that he decided to create a bigger force to do on a large scale what the scouts had done on a small one. The new unit would be created from the 98th Field Artillery Battalions.
Krueger selected Lieutenant Colonel Henry A. Mucci, an aggressive 1936 West Point graduate, to lead the soon�to�be�formed battalion. Mucci arrived in Port Moresby to assume command of the 98th in April 1944, and on 25 September, the unit was redesignated the 6th Ranger Infantry Battalion. In the interim, Mucci put the men through a strenuous training program very similar to that which Darby's Rangers had undergone. He also encouraged all men who did not want to be Rangers to transfer to other units so the battalion would be manned exclusively by volunteers.
The 6th Ranger Battalion was introduced to combat in the Philippines, where it successfully conducted several important operations. It landed on the islands of Dinagat, Guiuan, and Homonhan on 17 October 1944, three days before the main American invasion, and destroyed radio facilities and other Japanese positions guarding the entrance to Leyte Gulf Some minor security missions followed and on 10 January 1945, the day after Sixth Army landed on Luzon, the Rangers also landed, but only to spend most of the next two weeks as Krueger's headquarters guard.
Initial Japanese resistance on Luzon was relatively weak, and Sixth Army made very good headway during its drive eastward from Lingayen Gulf. Major General Oscar W. Griswold's XIV Corps, which included the 37th and 40th Infantry Divisions and formed Sixth Army's right, drove toward Tarlac, Clark Field, and San Fernando. Major General Innis P. Swift's I Corps, which included the 6th and 43d Infantry Divisions and formed Sixth Army's left, pushed northward into the mountains toward Baguio. After being reinforced by the 25th Infantry Division, I Corps continued to drive eastward through the Cabaruan Hills toward San Jose.
At about daybreak on 26 January, advance reconnaissance units of the 6th Infantry Division occupied Guimba and, within hours, established outposts nine miles farther to the east along the Licab River. They also took La Paz, farther to the south, thus establishing a solid front that was more than eighteen miles wide and had Licab at its center.
Cabanatuan
As Sixth Army entered central Luzon, Krueger began planning the liberation of American and Allied prisoners held in a compound at Pangatian, five miles east of Cabanatuan. Krueger had first learned of the existence of the camp when he landed on Lingayen Gulf and was met by a number of American officers who had remained in the Philippines since 1942 leading Filipino guerrillas against the Japanese. Army Major Robert Lapham, who had been conducting guerrilla operations in the northern part of Nueva Ecija province where the compound was located, was one of these officers. As Sixth Army entered Nueva Ecija province, Filipino runners constantly kept him informed of the situation at the camp.
The compound would present an extremely difficult challenge to any prospective liberator. In addition to being behind enemy lines, it was in the mainstream of Japanese troop movements. Because of the rapid advance of American forces from the southwest, the Japanese were withdrawing toward the north and east along the Cabanatuan City�Baloc�San Jose and Cabanatuan City�Cabu�Rizal highways. They moved at night to avoid being seen by American aircraft and rested during the day in concealed areas and transit camps. The POW compound at Pangatian did double duty as a transit camp. Furthermore, Japanese tanks used the roads in the Pangatian area regularly, and there had been reports of dense Japanese troop concentrations in nearby Cabanatuan City and Cabu.
The Japanese had already evacuated many of the prisoners, and Sixth Army headquarters feared that they might move the remainder to the northeast or kill them to prevent their liberation. If these possibilities were to be averted, the Americans would first have to take the compound by surprise before their own main forces arrived in the area and then evacuate the prisoners to friendly lines before the Japanese could react. Krueger assigned this difficult mission to the 6th Ranger Battalion on the recommendation of his G2, Colonel Horton White.
The force Mucci assembled for the operation consisted of himself; Company C, commanded by Captain Robert W. Prince; 2d Platoon, Company F. commanded by First Lieutenant John F. Murphy; two teams of Alamo Scouts; and four combat photographers from the 832d Signal Service Battalion. The Alamo Scouts would be an especially valuable asset, for both teams had worked together in freeing thirty�two Javanese civilians held by the Japanese at Moari, New Guinea, in October 1944. The mission had been a complete success; the prisoners were freed, the Japanese guards were annihilated, and no Scouts were lost. The total strength of Mucci's force was 8 officers and 120 enlisted men.
Map and ground reconnaissance would be important during both the planning and execution phases of the operation. Mucci's men used aerial photographs in their planning, and every officer and enlisted man familiarized himself with the routes, rendezvous points, and the location of the objective. The Air Corps would provide air cover and send information gained during reconnaissance to Sixth Army. Army would then send the intelligence it developed to a forward base at Guimba, from which it would be relayed to the Rangers, who would carry an SCR 694 radio for the primary purpose of receiving it.
The Alamo Scouts would also play a key role in the surveillance of the objective. Both scout teams would leave the Rangers' base camp at Calasiao on the afternoon of 27 January, march to a guerrilla headquarters at Guimba where they would be joined by native guides, and then go to Platero three miles north of the objective. They would contact local guerrillas there and keep the compound under surveillance to determine the number of Japanese troops, who the guards were, and what the guards' routines were. The scouts would then furnish that information to the Rangers when the latter arrived in the area.
The Rangers would move to Guimba, about seventy�five miles east of base camp, on 28 January and pick up an eighty�man guerrilla force and native guides at a nearby guerrilla camp. They would then march on a route chosen by local civilians and rendezvous with the Alamo Scouts and a second eighty�man guerrilla force at Balincarin, about five miles northeast of the objective, on 29 January. They would complete their plans there and, unless the situation had changed, conduct the operation that night.
Following Mucci's instructions, the Rangers wore soft caps and fatigue uniforms with no insignias or badges of rank. Riflemen carried their choice of M�1 rifle or M�1 carbine; the weapons sections carried Browning automatic rifles, and most noncommissioned officers carried a Thompson submachine gun and a .45�caliber pistol. Mucci was armed with only a .45caliber pistol, but most officers carried rifles in addition to their pistols.
Each medic was armed with a pistol and either a rifle or a carbine. Each man carried a trench knife and at least two bandoleers of ammunition and two hand or rifle grenades.
With its preliminary planning complete, Mucci's force left base camp by truck convoy at 0500 on 28 January, halted at Guimba, and left with native guides at 1400 to march to a guerrilla camp near Lobong about five miles to the southeast. Guerrilla Captain Eduardo Joson, who had worked with Major Lapham before the American return to the Philippines, joined the Rangers there with eighty men. Although the civilian population was overwhelmingly friendly toward Americans, Joson feared the possibility of a clash with Communist Huk guerrillas operating in the area and took necessary precautions. He left twenty armed men to guard the camp at Lobong and sent most of his guerrillas far out to Mucci's flanks to prevent the column from being ambushed. The force then marched east.
Except for the area east of Lobong, which was heavily forested, much of the march was through open grasslands and rice paddies. The force crossed into enemy territory about a mile south of Baloc after dark, forded the Talavera River at midnight, crossed the Rizal highway at 0400 the following morning, and arrived at Balincarin at 0600. The Rangers' detailed planning, thorough map reconnaissance, and guerrilla support proved effective; in spite of the frequent lack of concealment and the sighting of Japanese tanks on major roads, the force completed the fourteen�mile march from Lobong without incident.
At Balincarin, the Rangers met Lieutenants Thomas Rounsaville and William Nellist of the Alamo Scouts and learned that the scouts were still gathering information the Rangers would need for their final plans. They were soon joined by guerrilla Captain Juan Pajota, who had worked with Major Lapham and was the guerrilla area commander at Cabu, and his force of approximately 90 armed and 160 unarmed men. (See map 5 below.)
Rounsaville, Nellist, and Pajota all told of large numbers of Japanese troops in the area. The highway in front of the camp had been heavily traveled by withdrawing Japanese during the previous twenty�four hours and two to three hundred enemy were bivouacked on Cabu Creek, a mile north of the compound. Pajota's men also reported that at least one Japanese division was at Cabanatuan City less than four miles to the south. The number of Japanese in the area convinced Mucci that a delay in the operation would be prudent, and he decided to postpone the raid for twenty-four hours.
Cabanatuan Operation: routes to and from the objective, January 1945.
Although the available information did not permit Mucci to complete his plan, the Rangers and guerrillas did what they could with the information they had to assure the success of the mission. Prince and Pajota arranged to have the guerrillas provide all�around security, assemble a carabao�cart train large enough to carry 200 liberated POWs, and prepare food for 650 men along the return route. The guerrillas instructed the civilians north of the Cabanatuan City�Cabu highway to remain in the area but to detain outsiders who might enter it until after the prisoners were freed. The guerrillas also told them to pen all chickens and tie and muzzle all dogs 80 the animals would remain silent while Mucci's column passed through the area. Civilians in the vicinity of the objective were told to leave for the sake of their safety but to do so gradually in order not to alert the Japanese.
Mucci's force, flanked by Joson's and Pajeta's guerrillas, left Balincarin for Platero about two and one�half miles to the south shortly after 1600. When it was about halfway to Platero, the force was joined by Alamo Scouts who updated Mucci's knowledge of the situation. The scouts verified what Rounsaville, Nellist, and Pajota had already stated but added that a new Japanese force of about division strength was heading toward Bongabon from the southwest. The news that even more Japanese were in the area confirmed the wisdom of Mucci's decision to delay the operation.
The Rangers entered Platero at dusk and were met by the town's inhabitants, who greeted them with a choral welcome and a sumptuous meal. While most of the column was resting, planning and reconnaissance continued. Mucci's officers and noncommissioned officers worked with Filipinos to convert a one�story wooden building into an emergency hospital while the Alamo Scouts and guerrillas completed their reconnaissance, verified maps and aerial photographs, and selected provisional firing positions.
The new information they gained was highly detailed and made precise final planning possible. They determined that the stockade was on the south side of the Cabanatuan City�Cabu highway, measured 600 by 800 yards, and was enclosed by three barbed wire fences about four feet apart and six to eight feet high. Other less formidable barbed wire fences divided the camp into several compartments. The main entrance was barred by an eight�foot�high gate secured with a heavy lock and was guarded by one sentry who stood in a well�protected shelter. There were also three occupied twelve�foot�high guard towers and one pillbox that was occupied by four heavily armed men. One building inside the compound was believed to contain four tanks and two trucks.
Although only seventy three Japanese were on guard at the stockade, about one hundred and fifty additional troops had entered the compound at 1100, apparently to rest. The large Japanese force that had been at the stockade the day before had left early on the morning of the 30th, and traffic on the nearby highway was light. The nearest outside threat to the success of the mission was a force of about eight hundred Japanese with tanks and trucks at Cabu. The prisoners were housed in buildings in the northwest corner of the compound, and activity in the camp appeared to be normal.
With the reconnaissance complete and conditions favorable, Mucci confirmed his decision to attack at dusk. The men were thoroughly briefed, and each man was assigned a mission and instructed on his responsibilities. Mucci considered surprise essential and told his men to make every effort to gain it. The plan was logical and provided for the methodical accomplishment of the mission.
Captain Jason's guerrillas were to establish a roadblock on the main highway and 800 yards southwest of the compound to stop any Japanese who might come out of Cabanatuan City. A six�man bazooka team under Staff Sergeant James O. White of 2d Platoon, Company F. would give the guerrillas antitank protection. Captain Pajota's guerrillas were to establish a roadblock at the highway bridge over Cabu Creek 300 yards northeast of the compound and stop any Japanese who might come out of Cabu. The guerrillas were also to cut the phone lines linking the camp to the outside just prior to the attack.
On Pajota's recommendation, an American airplane would buzz the compound just prior to the attack. The guerrillas had noted that the camp guards kept their eyes skyward when American aircraft were in the area, and Pajota believed that a well�timed overflight would distract Japanese from the Rangers as they crept forward.
The 2d Platoon, Company F, was to eliminate the guards at the rear entrance of the stockade and prevent Japanese from moving into the area of the compound occupied by the prisoners. Six men from the platoon were also detailed to destroy the pillbox at the northeast corner of the stockade.
The 1st Platoon, Company C, led by First Lieutenant William J. O'Connell, was to force the front gate of the compound open and kill Japanese in several known locations. In particular, 1st Section, led by Staff Sergeant Preston N. Jensen, was to attack across the highway, kill the guards at the gate and in nearby guardhouses, and gain entrance to the compound. The 2d Section, led by Sergeant Homer E. Britzius, was to cross the highway to the right of 1st Section and support 1st Section's action by firing at enemy positions through the fence. Weapons Section, led by Staff Sergeant Manton P. Stewart, was to follow 1st Section through the gate and then move to the right of 1st Section and advance to destroy with bazooka fire the building housing the tanks and trucks. The 2d Section wee to lift its fire as Weapons Section went in, and then pass through the gate and move to the right edge of the stockade to prevent Japanese from escaping.
The 2d Platoon, Company C, led by First Lieutenant Melville H. Schmidt, was to follow 1st Platoon into the compound, open the prisoners' section of the camp, and begin evacuating them while providing its own close fire support. In particular, 1st Section, led by Staff Sergeant Clifton Harris, was to enter the compound after 1st Platoon, force the entrance to the prisoners' enclosure, and fire on the pillbox under attack by 2d Platoon, Company F. The 2d Section, led by Staff Sergeant William R. Butler, was to follow let Section in and then go to the right flank of the prisoners' enclosure to prevent Japanese from entering it. Weapons Section, led by Staff Sergeant August T. Stern, Jr., was to remain in reserve at the beginning of the attack and then direct the prisoners through the main gate and start them on the march north.
When all prisoners were clear of the compound and on their way to friendly lines, Captain Prince was to signal the Rangers to withdraw by firing a red flare from the rear of the column. When the column was at least a mile from the camp, Prince would signal the guerrillas manning the roadblocks to withdraw by firing a second flare. After withdrawing, the guerrillas would provide rear and flank security for the column.
The Alamo Scouts kept the stockade under continuous surveillance immediately prior to the attack. Civilian runners maintained communication between the scouts and the main body at Platero and carried periodic intelligence reports to Mucci, who was thus kept informed of the situation at the objective.
Mucci, his Rangers, and their Filipino and American attachments left Platero for the objective at 1700 on 30 January. The entire force under Mucci's command numbered nearly 375. Only a radio crew, which was to maintain communication between the Rangers and higher headquarters, had been left behind in Platero where several armed villagers provided security. Unknown to Mucci, Pajota had already sent an additional 400 guerrillas ahead. Pajota had not told the Americans about these men or about their four water�cooled .30�caliber machine guns because he wanted to use them as he thought best without having to discuss the matter with Mucci. Half the men, Squadrons 200 and 202, were to form a reserve near Joson's roadblock. The other half, Squadrons 201A and 204, were to position themselves near Manacnac on the enemy side of Cabu Creek. This latter group was to attack the Japanese from behind if they threatened to cross the Cabu before the Rangers had completed their mission.
On the first leg of its march to the objective, the column advanced along a well�concealed, narrow dirt trail that cut through tall grass and bamboo. After marching a half mile, the force reached the Pampanga River and split into three elements. Pajota and Joson led their men across the river and headed toward their blocking positions, while Mucci led the main body across the river and toward the compound. Although Mucci's aerial photograph showed only short grass, rice paddies, and shallow ponds covering the two miles between the river and the objective, high grass covered almost half the distance and gave the Rangers concealment to within about a mile of the compound. It was 1800 and twilight when Mucci's force reached the far side of the grassy area. Stretching before them to the south for more than a mile lay a treeless, shrub-less plain of rice paddies and ponds. Only a single nipa hut a mile ahead broke the flatness of the horizon.
The 2d Platoon, Company F, which was to kill the guards at the rear of the stockade, split off from the main body and headed east under its platoon leader, First Lieutenant John F. Murphy. After marching about a half mile, it dropped down into a stream bed that it would follow to the east fence of the compound.
The 1st and 2d Platoons of Company C, led by Company Commander Prince, continued forward another 500 yards before they saw the stockade's guard towers on the horizon. Assuming that if they could see the Japanese, the Japanese could see them, the Rangers dropped to the ground and began crawling toward the compound. It was a mile away, and the Rangers would have to crawl for seventy�five minutes to reach it.
While the Rangers were closing on the objective, the guerrillas were preparing their roadblocks. Pajota's force, strengthened by the men and machine guns he had not told Mucci about, covered the highway, the bridge over Cabu Creek, and other likely river�crossing sites. The extra men proved useful for it was the dry season, the creek was low, and the Japanese would probably be able to cross the Cabu in many places. Happily for Pajota, the Japanese had not posted guards at the Cabu, and the Filipinos were able to prepare their positions in relative security. Some of the guerrillas crossed to the far side of the creek to lie in ambush while others planted a time bomb under the far end of the bridge. The time bomb, which was one of several delivered by an American submarine, was set to detonate between 1940 and 1950 hours. Mucci had scheduled the attack on the compound to begin shortly after 1930, and Pajota set the bomb with the hope of destroying Japanese who might try to cross the bridge to aid the compound's garrison.
At 1840, three�quarters of an hour before the attack was to begin, a single P61 Black Widow from the 547th Night Fighter Squadron approached the objective area as planned. It flew over the bridge and prison compound twice at an altitude of 200 feet, scaring and distracting the Japanese before it left to search for enemy troops who might be on the roads leading to the compound.
Twenty�five minutes after the P61 left, Prince, the 1st and 2d Platoons of Company C, the combat photographers, medics, several guerrillas, and Alamo Scouts completed their mile�long crawl and arrived at a drainage ditch across the highway from the main gate of the stockade. There, they were in position to attack.
While Prince's element waited in its assault positions, First Lieutenant John F. Murphy and 2d Platoon, Company F. crept under the highway through a large culvert and advanced toward the back of the compound through a five�foot�deep ditch that ran parallel to and fifty yards outside the compound's east fence. As the Rangers passed the guard tower at the northeast corner of the compound, a sentry in the tower raised his rifle and looked toward the ditch as though alerted to the Americans' presence but soon lowered his weapon, apparently convinced that nothing was there. The Rangers then continued forward undetected, positioning men opposite the guard towers and pillboxes they were to bring under fire. Murphy and the last Rangers to go into position arrived near the rear gate at 1925.
Because Murphy's element had the greatest distance to go to reach its assault positions and would arrive there after the rest of the force was in place, Mucci chose him to give the signal to begin the attack. Murphy's Rangers were in position and ready to attack at 1930, but Murphy wanted to be certain that they were completely prepared and their positions were secure. He thus sent several men to retrace the route the platoon had followed while getting in place, inspect the squad positions, and check nearby buildings to ensure that they were not occupied. These precautions delayed the attack fifteen minutes, but Murphy would be sure that his men were ready.
The moonlight was bright, and the Rangers were able to select their targets while waiting for Murphy's signal. Some aimed at the red glow of cigarettes they saw in the shadows, while others aimed at men relaxing in their underwear inside still�lit barracks. The 150 enemy who were passing the night in the compound and were supposed to leave the following morning were a headquarters unit. The seventy�three guards were a polyglot assortment of Japanese, Koreans, and Formosans. They were not a match for the well�trained and highly motivated Rangers.
At 1945, Murphy aimed his M�1 rifle at an open window in the nearest barrack and fired. His shot was the signal to begin the attack. Superior leadership, training, combat intelligence, and planning prevailed in the brief encounter that followed. (See map 6 below.)
When Murphy gave the signal to start the attack, Company F began throwing hand grenades and firing carbines, rifles, automatic weapons, and rifle grenades into the compound from outside the east fence. The Rangers concentrated their fire on pillboxes, guard towers, and Japanese who were unfortunate enough to be exposed.
Company C, which had been in position opposite the front of the compound, also began firing on Murphy's signal. The men gave special attention to a waist�high concrete shelter and guard tower at the main entrance and to a nearby guard shack. A lone enemy soldier who was standing guard in the shelter when the attack began became the initial target of much of the company, and Staff Sergeant James V. Mellican saw the upper half of the man disintegrate in the Rangers' concentrated fire. All guard towers, guard shacks, and pillboxes were neutralized within thirty seconds after Murphy fired the first shot.
The Rangers then stormed the compound. Staff Sergeant Theodore R. Richardson of Company C charged across the highway to the compound's main gate and shattered the lock with a shot from his .45�caliber pistol. Two Japanese who tried to prevent the Americans from entering were killed by Richardson and Private First Class Leland A. Provencher.
With the gate open, Staff Sergeant Preston N. Jensen and 1st Section, 1st Platoon, rushed into the camp. To Jensen's right, Sergeant Homer E. Britzius and 2d Section dashed across the highway and gave 1st Section covering fire through the fence. Staff Sergeant Manton P. Stewart's Weapon Section followed 1st Section through the gate and ran 300 yards to the central part of the camp where it destroyed two trucks and a corrugated-metal tank shed with bazooka fire. The assault was proceeding as planned and no American casualties had yet been suffered.
While the Rangers were attacking the compound, Pajota was fighting his own battle at the bridge. When the Filipinos heard Company F's opening shots, they began firing on a Japanese battalion in bivouac less than 300 yards beyond Cabu Creek. The stunned Japanese counterattacked the Filipinos repeatedly in piecemeal fashion, suffering heavy casualties, but were unable to gain ground. Pajota's time bomb blew a gap in the bridge, and his four machine guns killed many Japanese who tried to jump to the Filipino's side of the bridge or cross the creek where it was shallow. Bazookamen with Pajota also put two Japanese tanks and one truck out of action.
Several minutes after the raid began, Private First Class Leland A. Provencher of 1st Platoon, Company C, liberated the first POW. He was an American generator operator who was temporarily away from his fellow captives. The rest of the prisoners would be freed by 2d Platoon, Company C, led by First Lieutenant Melville Schmidt.
The 2d Platoon, Company C, performed its mission smoothly and as planned. The platoon's 2d Section, led by Staff Sergeant William Butler, charged up the compound's central road and joined 1st Platoon in firing to the right and rear into the Japanese�occupied southwest area of the stockade. The 1st Section, led by Staff Sergeant Clifton Harris, stopped short of 2d Section and turned left to the prisoners' area of the compound, which it entered after shooting the gate's lock off.
What little enemy resistance still remained twelve minutes after the attack began dwindled to a few scattered shots, and the Rangers began leading the first POWs from the compound. Unfortunately, during this phase of the operation, the Rangers suffered their first casualties when a Japanese light mortar fired three rounds toward the front gate and wounded six men. Alamo Scout Rounsaville and battalion surgeon Captain James C. Fisher were among the casualties. Fisher would die before he reached friendly lines.
The Japanese continued to attack Pajota's positions during the evacuation of the compound but remained unable to gain ground or inflict casualties on the Filipinos. Joson's roadblock, in contrast, was not attacked. Any likelihood that it would be attacked ended shortly after 2000 when one of the P61s assigned to provide air cover for the operation strafed and destroyed a Japanese convoy that was heading from San Jose toward Cabanatuan City and the roadblock.
Cabanatuan Operation: Actions at the Objective, January 1945.
At 2015, a half hour into the raid, Prince completed his second search of the POW's area of the compound to ensure that no prisoners were being left behind. When he was satisfied that the area was cleared, he fired one red flare into the sky to begin the withdrawal. Unknown to Prince or anyone else, however, one dysentery�weakened British civilian prisoner had hidden in the latrine at the sound of the first shots and never came out. He would be discovered near the camp after midnight by Filipino guerrillas and rescued. Tragically, one POW had died of an apparent heart attack while being helped out of the compound.
Six men from Company F were the last Americans to withdraw from the objective, and as they did so, the Japanese brought them under fire. The six were trotting along the outside of the compound fence toward the highway when they began receiving scattered rifle shots. Some of the Rangers fired back, while others dashed through the moonlight toward the drainage ditch they had come through during their approach. When Corporal Roy Sweezy turned to fire his M�1 at the Japanese, he was shot through the chest with an automatic weapon and died several minutes later. He and the fatally wounded Captain Fisher were the only Rangers to die in the operation.
Most of the Rangers and liberated POWs were at or approaching the Pampanga River by 2030, forty�five minutes after the raid began. All men except those who were at the roadblocks or on other security missions were across the river by 2045, and Prince fired the flare to signal Joson and Pajota to withdraw. Joson withdrew immediately, sending half his men to provide security around Platero, the first barrio Mucci's column would pass through on its march to friendly lines. The other half of Joson's men would provide flank security for the column when it left Platero. Pajota was unable to withdraw when Prince gave the signal because his men were still battling the Japanese on Cabu Creek. Pajota's fight continued until shortly after 2200 when the exhausted Japanese ended their attack. His guerrillas had virtually destroyed a Japanese battalion without suffering any fatalities or serious wounds. They then withdrew by marching around the battlefield in a southeasterly direction and established themselves as a rear guard on the Pampanga to protect Mucci's column from pursuit.
As successful as the infiltration and raid had been, the Rangers' mission would not be fully accomplished until they safely brought the liberated POWs to friendly lines. All means were taken to assure their safe deliverance. carabao carts that had been requisitioned from local civilians were awaiting the POWs on the south bank of the Pampanga River. The column's first stop was in Platero, where it reorganized and ate. There, guerrilla doctor Carlos Layug treated the sick and wounded. Food and water were provided by local people, and the hospitality and concern the Filipinos displayed in Platero would be shown again by other civilians in other barrios during the remainder of the return march. Those ex�POWs who were able to walk went under Ranger escort to Balincarin as soon as they could be assembled. The first of them left Platero at 2100.
When the column reached Balincarin, it received more food and water from local people, as well as fifteen carabao carts to add to the twenty�five it already had. Captain Fisher was left in Balincarin with thirteen Alamo Scouts and Rangers and some guerrillas, and a light aircraft was requested to evacuate them. The aircraft would never arrive, and Fisher would die about the time the main column reached friendly lines.
The column left for the next barrio, Matoas Na Kahey, at midnight and arrived there at 0200 the following morning, 31 January. The civilians at Matoas Na Kahey gave additional food and water to the column and provided it with eleven more carabao carts. When the column left at 0230, it had fifty�one carts and was a mile and a half long.
The most dangerous leg of the return march lay slightly beyond Matoas Na Kahey where the column would cross the Rizal highway. The risk of crossing an insecure highway in enemy territory with a long, slow column of weakened ex�POWs was compounded by the fact that difficult terrain on the opposite side of the highway would not permit the column to cross directly over. Instead, it would have to enter the highway and march one mile south before crossing. Because of the length of the column, as much as two�thirds of it would be on the highway during the movement.
Discovery by the Japanese would be disastrous. It could not be avoided if the column was on the road at an inopportune time, but discovery could be prevented through proper security. This was provided by First Lieutenant William J. O'Connell's 1st Platoon, Company C. One section of the platoon, armed with a bazooka and antitank grenades, established a roadblock 400 yards northeast of where the column was to enter the road. A second section established another roadblock 3,000 yards to the south. Luckily, no Japanese used the road during the crossing. The column took an hour to clear the highway and did so by 0430 without being discovered. The men halted in a small barrio at 0530 and resumed their march toward friendly lines after a short rest.
The Rangers had been unable to make radio contact with the forward base at Guimba since before the raid began and had not yet informed Sixth Army of their success. They made several more attempts to contact Guimba at about dawn but failed, and at 0800, they arrived at the small town of Sibul. Local people once again provided the column with food and water and with an additional twenty carabao carts. While the column was resting, the base at Guimba succeeded in establishing radio contact. Mucci requested that trucks and ambulances be prepared to meet the column, which resumed its march shortly after 0900.
At about 1100, Technician 5 Patrick Marquis, who was on the point and several hundred yards in advance of the column, was halted by a Sixth Army reconnaissance patrol. The trucks and ambulances Mucci had asked for were only a short distance to the patrol's rear, and an hour later, the former POWs were at the 92d Evacuation Hospital in Guimba. With that, the Rangers' mission was accomplished.
Commentary
The Cabanatuan prison camp raid was an overwhelming tactical success. At a cost of two Rangers killed, the 6th Ranger Battalion (�), reinforced by Alamo Scouts and Filipino guerrillas, liberated 511 American and Allied POWs and killed or wounded an estimated 523 Japanese. Their success was both recognized and rewarded. General Douglas A. MacArthur, who said that the raid was "magnificent and reflect [ed] extraordinary credit to all concerned," awarded the Distinguished Service Cross to Mucci, the Silver Star to all American officers, and the Bronze Star to all American enlisted men who participated in the operation. All Filipino officers and enlisted men were awarded the Bronze Star.
The operation was immediately singled out for special comment in the Sixth Army weekly G2 report, which described it as "an almost perfect example of prior reconnaissance and planning..." It was further held up as demonstrating "what patrols can accomplish in enemy territory by following the basic principles of scouting and patrolling, ‘sneaking and peeping,’ [the] use of concealment, reconnaissance of routes from photographs and maps prior to the actual operation, ...and the coordination of all arms in the accomplishment of a mission."
All of the principles and techniques that the weekly G2 report pointed out were important because they contributed to the Rangers' undetected approach to the objective, their gaining complete surprise over the Japanese, the smooth assault on the compound, and their successful liberation of the prisoners. Of equal, if not greater, importance was the one indispensable element that the report did not mention – an aggressively friendly civilian population. The Filipinos conducted reconnaissance, surveillance, and security missions in support of the operation, chose the routes to and from the objective, fought Japanese in the objective area, provided transportation to friendly lines for the sick and wounded, and provided food and water for all. The success of the mission would have been unlikely without Filipino friendship and support, and impossible had the Filipinos sympathized with the Japanese.
Subsequent Developments
The 6th Ranger Battalion did not take part in major combat operations after Cabanatuan. Their activities in the Philippines were limited to providing security for Sixth Army headquarters, conducting reconnaissance patrols, searching for Japanese stragglers, and eliminating small pockets of enemy resistance. In one such encounter, the Rangers annihilated seventeen saber�bearing Japanese officers who had taken shelter in a bunker to avoid Filipino guerrillas. The battalion's records show only one Ranger killed in action, one dead of wounds, and three wounded in all of the operations that followed Cabanatuan. None of these losses were suffered in the incident involving the Japanese officers.
Return to the main page for the 82nd Chemical Mortar Battalion.
Return to the home page for chemical mortar battalions. | msmarco_doc_00_26671174 |
http://4rapiddev.com/javascript/window-location-href-target-_blank/ | window.location.href target _blank – 4 Rapid Development | window.location.href target _blank
window.location.href target _blank
Hoan Huynh
| window.location.href target _blank – 4 Rapid Development
Home Javascript window.location.href target _blank
window.location.href target _blank
window.location.href may not work when use JavaScript to redirect to another page (or open a new page) when create application in Facebook or using iframe because window.location sets the url of your current window so we can use window.open to open a page in new window instead.
For example:
window. open("http://4rapiddev.com",'_blank');
window.open ("http://4rapiddev.com",'_blank');
Sep 9, 2014 Hoan Huynh
FancyBox Redirect To A Predefined URL When Click On Image WordPress Filter/Exclude Posts Category From Displaying In A Specific Page
Hoan Huynh
Hoan Huynh is the founder and head of 4rapiddev.com. Reach him at hoan@4rapiddev.com
6 years ago Javascript Facebook, Iframe 8,515 | msmarco_doc_00_26711198 |
http://4rapiddev.com/sql-server/capture-and-display-execution-time-of-sql-query-in-sql-server/ | Capture And Display Execution Time Of SQL Query In SQL Server – 4 Rapid Development | Capture And Display Execution Time Of SQL Query In SQL Server
Capture And Display Execution Time Of SQL Query In SQL Server
1. Using SQL Server Profiler
2. Using SQL Script with @StartTime and @EndTime parameters
3. Using SQL Script with SET STATISTICS TIME (Transact-SQL)
| Capture And Display Execution Time Of SQL Query In SQL Server – 4 Rapid Development
Home SQL Server Capture And Display Execution Time Of SQL Query In SQL Server
Capture And Display Execution Time Of SQL Query In SQL Server
This tutorial proposes 3 ways in order for you to get the Execution time of SQL Query or Stored Procedures are called or submitted to your SQL Server.
They will give you durations in microseconds and base on the execution time, you may have a deeper understand and will do some optimization for your database structure/indexing to make it runs better.
1. Using SQL Server Profiler
I think it’s a easiest way for you to trace/track Which Stored Procedures Or SQL Commands Are Running On SQL Server and how long it takes for each of SQL Query/ Stored Procedure execution.
SQL Server Profiler Execution Time
As you see, all commands are in TextData column and all Execution time for each are in Duration column respectively.
2. Using SQL Script with @StartTime and @EndTime parameters
The script should be run on SQL Server Management Studio Query.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
USE AdventureWorksDW; GO DECLARE @StartTime datetime, @EndTime datetime SELECT @StartTime = GETDATE () SELECT * FROM DimCustomer WHERE Gender = 'M' SELECT @EndTime = GETDATE () SELECT DATEDIFF ( ms, @StartTime, @EndTime) AS [ Duration IN microseconds]
USE AdventureWorksDW; GO DECLARE @StartTime datetime,@EndTime datetime SELECT @StartTime=GETDATE () SELECT * FROM DimCustomer where Gender = 'M' SELECT @EndTime=GETDATE () SELECT DATEDIFF (ms,@StartTime,@EndTime) AS [Duration in microseconds]
Just replace your own SQL statements with line 2, after execute the statement, it will show the Duration in microseconds in another result panel.
Get Execution Time With Start Time And End Time
3. Using SQL Script with SET STATISTICS TIME (Transact-SQL)
It displays the number of milliseconds required to parse, compile, and execute each statement.
Run this SQL script on your SQL Query:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
USE AdventureWorksDW; GO SET STATISTICS TIME ON GO SELECT * FROM DimCustomer WHERE Gender = 'M' GO SET STATISTICS TIME OFF; GO [/SQL] AND below IS the RESULT SET : [ text] SQL Server parse AND compile TIME: CPU TIME = 0 ms, elapsed TIME = 1 ms. SQL Server parse AND compile TIME: CPU TIME = 0 ms, elapsed TIME = 1 ms. (9351 ROW( s) affected) SQL Server Execution Times: CPU TIME = 63 ms, elapsed TIME = 479 ms. SQL Server parse AND compile TIME: CPU TIME = 0 ms, elapsed TIME = 1 ms.
USE AdventureWorksDW; GO SET STATISTICS TIME ON GO SELECT * FROM DimCustomer where Gender = 'M' Go SET STATISTICS TIME OFF; GO [/sql] And below is the result set: [text] SQL Server parse and compile time: CPU time = 0 ms, elapsed time = 1 ms. SQL Server parse and compile time: CPU time = 0 ms, elapsed time = 1 ms. (9351 row (s) affected) SQL Server Execution Times: CPU time = 63 ms, elapsed time = 479 ms. SQL Server parse and compile time: CPU time = 0 ms, elapsed time = 1 ms.
Get Execution Time With SET STATISTICS TIME
That’s all! Feel free to contribute your own solution by submitting your comments as you’re always be welcome.
May 31, 2011 Hoan Huynh
Create Custom Update Profile Page For WordPress Users How To Change Default Home Page Of WordPress | msmarco_doc_00_26712346 |
http://4reliableseptic.com/faq.htm | Reliable Septic - Frequently Asked Questions FAQ | Reliable Septic - Frequently Asked Questions FAQ
Sacramento County's Environmental Management Department has an informative septic system FAQ (Frequently Asked Question) page with good information for consumer's. Click here to visit (opens new window).
Q: My neighbor pumps his septic tank every few years and told me I should do the same, but the guy down the road says he hasn't pumped in twenty years and his works fine, what do you say? How often should I pump my septic system?
A: The vast majority of neglected septic systems fail prematurely. Chances are, if you try the 20 year method, you will be "disappointed" with the results.
Q: Should I use septic additives like the ones advertised on TV?
A: No. They don't work.
Q: Somebody told me to add a pound of ground beef to the septic tank every year to keep up the bacteria, Is that legitimate?
A: No. there is ample culture, and nutrition coming down the pipe to the septic tank constantly.
The same kind of bacteria that live in your digestive system live in the septic tank. It is patently absurd for anyone to tell you that you must add bacteria to the septic tank.
As long as the conditions in the septic tank are favorable to the microbe culture they will thrive...period.
Q: We just pumped our septic tank a month ago and now its full again, what is going on?
A: Septic tanks are configured as sumps. The inlet and outlet are both very near the top of the septic tank. They should always be near full.
Q: How often should I pump my septic tank?
A: When combine solids level in the septic tank are at about 25% of the septic tank's volume. This is a function of the septic tank's size and the waste load. This can vary widely with the number of occupants and their personal habits.
The septic tank should be opened and inspected every 3 years, to make sure that the baffles are intact and functional.
At this time the solids level can be measured to determine if pumping is appropriate.
PLEASE NOTE THAT FAILURE TO PUMP IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF PREVENTABLE FAILURE.
Q: When servicing our septic tank the pumper told us the outlet tee was broken off and in the bottom of the septic tank, and wanted a lot to fix it. Is it really that important, and why can't I climb down there and do it myself?
A: You can do it yourself (call), but NEVER! NEVER! NEVER! enter a septic tank.
It is a deadly, dangerous hazard that can only be properly done by persons with confined space entry gear and proper training.
People are overcome by "sewer gas" and die in septic tanks every year, and so do their would-be rescuers.
The Outlet tee is the LAST LINE OF DEFENSE for your drainfield.
Without it your septic is sure to fail sooner than later. SO IMPORTANT!!
Q: Lately we have noticed an increasingly bad odor coming from the drains, does that mean we should pump our septic tank?
A: Maybe...or there could be a problem with a pee trap or a roof vent. If it has been a few years since your last septic tank service, it's a good place to start.
Q: Do we need to use septic safe toilet paper?
A: No.
Q: Our septic system has a root problem, can we use a herbicide to kill the roots?
A: No. Herbicides can kill the bacteria in your septic tank. Roots must be dealt with by other means.
Q: We have a garbage disposal under our sink and like to use it. Can we use our garbage disposal with a septic system?
A: No, but remember undigested food waste (especially oil and grease) break down very slowly in the septic tank. If you like to put food waste down the drain you have to pump your septic tank more often. Do it only if you are willing to pay the additional cost.
Q: Should I get septic system risers?
A: Yes. Everybody who has a septic tank should have risers. Tanks without risers don't get serviced.
That's just how it is...human nature. If you have to find and then dig up your septic tank, you'll find something else to do, until you have sewage in your bath tub. Then you'll dig, but very often...it's too late.
Q: We have two septic tank lids, do we have two septic tanks, and do they both have to be pumped?
A: Maybe and yes. If your house is 40+ years old you may have two septic tanks, or it may be that there is one septic tank with two compartments. It is almost always the case that there will be two lids and you need to remove both and pump from both.
Q: How would I find my septic tank?
A: This can be difficult. Most septic tanks can be found close to the house, about 5-10 feet, but they can be much further away. Most septic tanks are 1-2 feet deep, but can be much deeper (the further from the house the deeper they get).
A probe (metal "T" shaped rod, pointy on the end)will be useful in finding the septic tank.
Look for depressions in the lawn, about 2 feet in diameter, and the lids will be about 5-8 feet apart on-center.
Often there is discoloration of the grass above the septic tank...this also indicates septic trouble.
Look for a clean-out, this can put you in the vicinity. If there's no clean-out, maybe you can spot where the main sewer pipe exits in the crawl space under the house.
Counties maintain records on septic systems, but the quality of these are hit and miss, and may or may not be useful.
You may be able to locate it with a metal detector, if there is enough iron in the septic tank.
Maybe ask neighbors if they have been around longer than you.
If you can't find your septic tank, maybe it's under the driveway, or even under the house itself.
We do have special flushable radio transmitters that we use to find lost septic tanks, so if you can't find it we can do it for you.
Q: We have an old redwood septic tank and it is collapsing, can it be repaired?
A: No, and stay away from it. Falling in a septic tank is often DEADLY!
Secure the area and call a professional.
Q: Can using bleach in the laundry harm the bacteria in the septic tank?
A: No. Normal bleach use will not have a negative impact on the septic system.
Q: I have been told that If I add yeast to my septic tank it will work better. Is this true?
A: No.
Call Reliable Septic now for fast, professional septic service in Sacramento & Placer Counties
916-338-1799 or 530-401-7393
After hours and weekend service available
"Expert service doesn't cost...it pays!"
| msmarco_doc_00_26716240 | |
http://4remedy.com/mole_details.php?id=Moles%20on%20Fingers | Moles on Fingers |
Moles on Fingers | Moles on Fingers
Moles on Fingers
All Dream Interpretation Sign and symbols Moles on body Physiognomy Of man Physiognomy Of woman Omens Muhurat
All Occult Science
Moles on the inner side of fingers give good results.
· A mole on the third phalanges (near the nail) shows its effects from early age onwards, the second phalanges gives results from early middle age and the first phalanges near the palm gives its results from the late forties.
· A mole on the right thumb of a man indicates a good orator with authority and high position. A woman in such a case takes part in social and public work, becomes a politician and faces unnecessary scandals.
· A mole on the left thumb means a man will live through servitude. In case of women, artistic success, name and fame.
· A mole on a man's right hand first finger of Jupiter indicates wealth, nobility and a scholar. For a woman it indicates ill- repute, an evil mind and bad manners.
· A mole on the left hand first finger of a man denotes he is cruel, dishonest, and of an evil nature. By taking part in nefarious activities and factional fights he may be imprisoned. For a woman, it gives success in social work, as a teacher or an artist.
· A mole on the right hand middle finger (Saturn) indicates a respectable life, becoming learned and wealthy by good or bad means. For a woman it denotes earning through immoral means as call girls etc.
· A mole on the left hand middle finger of a man denotes that he will indulge in wine, drugs and earn through smuggling, foul means, and wasting money on women, wine etc. For a woman a mole indicates, wealth through inheritance and lotteries etc.
· A mole on the right hand Sun or ring finger of a man denotes a virtuous, religious man, head of a charitable trust, temples etc. Loves good dresses and the company of pious people. For a woman, one is lazy, disrespects elders and religion, also traditions, domestic and religious duties.
· A mole on the left hand Sun finger of a man indicates a boorish, illiterate or rude person having bad company, gambling. visiting brothels and liquor dens. In the case of a woman, she will be learned, respected, a devoted wife, religious and hospitable.
· A mole on the right hand little finger of a man denotes a wealthy, good business magnate, fond of visiting foreign countries and also of costly wine and beautiful women. For a woman it makes her fickle-minded, changing emotions, flirting with men, fond of drinks and is sensual but wealthy.
· A mole on the left hand small finger of a man makes him flop in business, a henpecked husband of a begging nature. For a woman, it gives success, happiness, inherited wealth, sensual pleasures, frequent travels and she will be a wife of a high officer or a business magnate. | msmarco_doc_00_26722732 |
http://4residualinc.com/12-books-recommended-by-tony-robbins/ | 18 books recommended by Tony Robbins (Added 6 more) | Gundars Minalgo | 18 books recommended by Tony Robbins (Added 6 more)
18 books recommended by Tony Robbins (Added 6 more)
12 books recommended by Tony Robbins
1. Secrets of the Millionaire Mind: Mastering the Inner Game of Wealth by T.Harv Eker
2. “As A Man Thinketh” by James Allen
3. “The Alchemist” by Paulo Coelho
4. “Man’s Search For Meaning” by Viktor Frankl
5. “Linchpin” by Seth Godin
6. “Getting Everything You Can Out of All You’ve Got” by Jay Abraham
7. “The Happiness Hypothesis” by Jonathan Haidt
8. “Pain Free: A Revolutionary Method for Stopping Chronic Pain” by Pete Egoscue
9. “The Fourth Turning” by William Strauss and Neil Howe
10. “Emerson: Essays and Lectures” by Ralph Waldo Emerson
11. “Generations” by William Strauss and Neil Howe
12. “The Singularity Is Near” by Ray Kurzweil
Thirsty for More?
13. Tribe of Mentors by Tim Ferriss
14. Principles: Life and Work Hardcover by Ray Dalio
15. Living Forward by Michael Hyatt & Daniel Harkavy
16. Start with Why by Simon Sinek
17. The TB12 Method by Tom Brady: How to Achieve a Lifetime of Sustained Peak Performance
18. A Mind at Home with Itself: How Asking Four Questions Can Free Your Mind, Open Your Heart, and Turn Your World Around
“A room without books is like a body without a soul.” ~ Marcus Tullius Cicero
Leave a Reply
| 18 books recommended by Tony Robbins (Added 6 more) | Gundars Minalgo
18 books recommended by Tony Robbins (Added 6 more)
In Blog, Library 8 Comments
Just a couple of years ago I could not imagine that one day I’d think more about books than about food and other everyday activities.
Yes, I am now really thirsty for books… When I realized that I haven’t read a book for too long I decided to catch it up. I found some good mentors, joined some excellent groups of people that showed me the way, the way back to books, the way back to bookstores, the way to my personal development, the way to my future. Now I’m learning and I’m learning from the Best.
Today I have a new habit I scan bookshelves for familiar titles, I’ve read almost all posts about the suggested list of books and started to collect my own wishlist. In fact, those are mainly only personal development books. Everything started with “ Rich Dad Poor Dad “, “The Success Principles” and “The Greatest Salesman in the World” from Og Mandino.
Now it is time to go further and I decided to look for some big names what they are reading and suggesting. So, one of the biggest names of personal development coaches today is Tony Robbins. It is worth to take a look at what books he is reading and suggesting to people. Found some interviews on Youtube, Bizness Insider has published their own interview, and also Favobooks (Famost people’s favorite books) has helped me form this list and of course Tony’s homepage https://www.tonyrobbins.com
Before we go to the list of 12 books recommended by Tony Robbins, a little bit about him.
Tony Robbins is an entrepreneur, best-selling author, philanthropist, and the nation’s #1 Life and Business Strategist. A recognized authority on the psychology of leadership, negotiations, and organizational turnaround, he has served as an advisor to leaders around the world for more than 38 years. The author of five internationally bestselling books, including the recent New York Times #1 best-seller MONEY: MASTER THE GAME, Mr. Robbins has empowered more than 50 million people from 100 countries through his audio, video, and life training programs. He created the #1 personal and professional development program of all time, and more than 4 million people have attended his live seminars. Learn more about Tony Robbins here: https://www.tonyrobbins.com
Robbins is the chairman of a holding company comprised of more than a dozen privately held businesses with combined sales exceeding $5 billion a year. He has been honored by Accenture as one of the “Top 50 Business Intellectuals in the World”; by Harvard Business Press as one of the “Top 200 Business Gurus”; and by American Express as one of the “Top Six Business Leaders in the World” to coach its entrepreneurial clients. Fortune’s recent cover article named him the “CEO Whisperer,” and he was most recently named in the top 50 of Worth Magazine’s 100 most powerful people in global finance.
In his mission to continually impact the lives of millions, Robbins has made headlines by partnering and lending his voice to disruptive companies in the financial services arena.
Impressively isn’t it? So let’s see what books he is reading and suggesting. I have compiled a list of 12 books recommended by Tony Robbins.
YouTube
Gundars Minalgo
19 subscribers
Subscribe
Tony Robbins recommended books (Top 12)
Watch later
Copy link
Info
Shopping
Tap to unmute
If playback doesn't begin shortly, try restarting your device.
You're signed out
Videos you watch may be added to the TV's watch history and influence TV recommendations. To avoid this, cancel and sign in to YouTube on your computer.
Cancel
Confirm
More videos
More videos
Switch camera
Share
Include playlist
An error occurred while retrieving sharing information. Please try again later.
Watch on
0:00
0:00
0:00 / 1:29
Live
•
12 books recommended by Tony Robbins
1. Secrets of the Millionaire Mind: Mastering the Inner Game of Wealth by T.Harv Eker
Secrets of the Millionaire Mind is two books in one. Part I explains how your money blueprint works. Through Eker’s rare combination of street smarts, humor, and heart, you will learn how your childhood influences have shaped your financial destiny. You will also learn how to identify your own money blueprint and “revise” it to not only create success but, more important, to keep and continually grow it.
In Part II you will be introduced to seventeen “Wealth Files,” which describe exactly how rich people think and act differently than most poor and middle-class people. Each Wealth File includes action steps for you to practice in the real world in order to dramatically increase your income and accumulate wealth.
If you are not doing as well financially as you would like, you will have to change your money blueprint. Unfortunately, your current money blueprint will tend to stay with you for the rest of your life, unless you identify and revise it, and that’s exactly what you will do with the help of this extraordinary book. According to T. Harv Eker, it’s simple. If you think like rich people think and do what rich people do, chances are you’ll get rich too!
Tony Robbins: “Study the Secrets of the Millionaire Mind Experience as if your life depended on it … financially it may!”
Get it here: Secrets of the Millionaire Mind: Mastering the Inner Game of Wealth
2. “As A Man Thinketh” by James Allen
Millions of readers have experienced the power of James Allen’s As a Man Thinketh. The book’s simple, forthright ideas have touched hearts and even changed lives for more than a century — and today they continue to point the way toward a fuller, richer, more compassionate existence.
Now, this beloved inspirational masterpiece is revised and updated for the twenty-first century. Arcane terms or references have been gently adapted to the present frame of reference so that Allen’s message resonates as freshly today as it has for generations.
Tony Robbins: “It’s the whole concept of understanding that your thoughts really, truly shape everything in your life that you feel and experience. I have read it more than a dozen times and often gives the book as a gift because it’s concise, easy to read, and profound. As A Man Thinketh has influenced many contemporary writers including Norman Vincent Peale, Earl Nightingale, Denis Waitley and Tony Robbins, among others.”
Get it here: As a Man Thinketh
3. “The Alchemist” by Paulo Coelho
Santiago an Andalusian shepherd boy, travels from his homeland in Spain to the Egyptian desert in search of a treasure buried in the Pyramids. During his journey, he meets a Gypsy woman, a man who calls himself king, and an alchemist, all of whom point Santiago in the direction of his quest. No one knows what the treasure is, or if Santiago will be able to surmount the obstacles along the way. But what starts out as a journey to find worldly goods turns into a discovery of the treasure found within.
Tony Robbins: “A remarkable tale about the most magical of all journeys: the quest to fulfill one’s destiny. I recommend The Alchemist to anyone who is passionately committed to claiming the life of their dreams – today.”
Get it here: By Paulo Coelho: The Alchemist
4. “Man’s Search For Meaning” by Viktor Frankl
Psychiatrist Viktor Frankl’s memoir has riveted generations of readers with its descriptions of life in Nazi death camps and its lessons for spiritual survival. Between 1942 and 1945 Frankl labored in four different camps, including Auschwitz, while his parents, brother, and pregnant wife perished. Based on his own experience and the experiences of others he treated later in his practice, Frankl argues that we cannot avoid suffering but we can choose how to cope with it, find meaning in it, and move forward with renewed purpose.
Tony Robbins : “I don’t give a damn how rich you are financially or how abundant you are with your family or love. We all experience extreme stress in our life at some point. It’s the ultimate equalizer. If it’s not you, it will be someone in your family, and so the ability to find meaning in the most difficult times, I think, is one of the most important skills of life, and there’s probably not a greater example than that book.”
Get it here: Man’s Search for Meaning
5. “Linchpin” by Seth Godin
This book is about you-your choices, your future, and your potential to make a huge difference in whatever field you choose.
There used to be two teams in every workplace: management and labor. Now there’s a third team, the linchpins. These people figure out what to do when there’s no rule book. They delight and challenge their customers and peers. They love their work, pour their best selves into it, and turn each day into a kind of art.
Linchpins are the essential building blocks of great organizations. They may not be famous but they’re indispensable. And in today’s world, they get the best jobs and the most freedom.
As Godin writes, “Every day I meet people who have so much to give but have been bullied enough or frightened enough to hold it back. It’s time to stop complying with the system and draw your own map. You have brilliance in you, your contribution is essential, and the art you create is precious. Only you can do it, and you must.”
Tony Robbins: “It is a quick, invaluable career resource from a great writer. He’s very poetic and brilliant. He takes complex things and makes them very simple, and writes them in a very inspiring way.”
Get it here: Linchpin: Are You Indispensable?
6. “Getting Everything You Can Out of All You’ve Got” by Jay Abraham
Jay Abraham has created a program of proven strategies to help you realize undreamed-of success! Unseen opportunities face each of us every day. Using clear examples from his own experience, Jay explains just how easy it can be to find and/or create new opportunities for wealth-building in any existing business, enterprise, or venture.
This program focuses on helping you spot the hidden assets, overlooked opportunities, and untapped resources around you, and gives you, and gives you fresh eyes with which to see and capitalize on them. You’ll also learn how to adapt and apply these tools to your unique circumstances to maximize your income, influence, power, and success.
Tony Robbins: “Phenomenal… articulate… amazing. Jay Abraham has a powerful knowledge of how things work, and how you can create a competitive edge for yourself.”
Get it here: Getting Everything You Can Out of All You’ve Got: 21 Ways You Can Out-Think, Out-Perform, and Out-Earn the Competition
7. “The Happiness Hypothesis” by Jonathan Haidt
In his widely praised book, award-winning psychologist Jonathan Haidt examines the world’s philosophical wisdom through the lens of psychological science, showing how a deeper understanding of enduring maxims-like Do unto others as you would have others do unto you, or What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger-can enrich and even transform our lives.
Tony Robbins: “It’s one of the best books I’ve read to show you the scientific understanding of how you really experience a life of fulfillment. It’ll move you, and it will give you the pathway to see what are the real ways to have lasting happiness and fulfillment.”
Get it here: The Happiness Hypothesis: Finding Modern Truth in Ancient Wisdom
8. “Pain Free: A Revolutionary Method for Stopping Chronic Pain” by Pete Egoscue
That is the revolutionary message of this breakthrough system for eliminating chronic pain without drugs, surgery, or expensive physical therapy. Developed by Pete Egoscue, a nationally renowned physiologist and sports injury consultant to some of today’s top athletes, the Egoscue Method has an astounding 95 percent success rate. The key is a series of gentle exercises and carefully constructed stretches called E-cises. Inside you’ll find detailed photographs and step-by-step instructions for dozens of e-cizes specifically designed to provide quick and lasting relief of:
Lower back pain, hip problems, sciatica, and bad knees
Carpal tunnel syndrome and even some forms of arthritis
Migraines and other headaches, stiff neck, fatigue, sinus problems, vertigo, and TMJ
Shin splints, varicose veins, sprained or weak ankles, and many foot ailments
Bursitis, tendinitis, and rotator cuff problems
Plus special preventive programs for maintaining health through the entire body.
With this book in hand, you’re on your way to regaining the greatest gift of all: a pain-free body! With the help of Pete Egoscue’s revolutionary program of quick stretches and strength-building exercises, you can cure chronic pain, and do it naturally.
Filled with easy instructions, photos, and line illustrations throughout, this book will provide quick, effective pain relief.
Tony Robbins: “This book is extraordinary, and I am thrilled to recommend it to anyone who’s interested in dramatically increasing the quality of their physical health.”
Get it here: Pain Free: A Revolutionary Method for Stopping Chronic Pain
9. “The Fourth Turning” by William Strauss and Neil Howe
First came the postwar High, then the Awakening of the ’60s and ’70s, and now the Unraveling. This audacious and provocative book tells us what to expect just beyond the start of the next century. Are you ready for the Fourth Turning?
Strauss and Howe will change the way you see the world–and your place in it. In The Fourth Turning, they apply their generational theories to the cycles of history and locate America in the middle of an unraveling period, on the brink of a crisis. How you prepare for this crisis–the Fourth Turning–is intimately connected to the mood and attitude of your particular generation. Are you one of the can-do “GI generation,” who triumphed in the last crisis? Do you belong to the mediating “Silent Majority,” who enjoyed the 1950s High? Do you fall into the “awakened” Boomer category of the 1970s and 1980s, or are you a Gen-Xer struggling to adapt to our splintering world? Whatever your stage of life, The Fourth Turning offers bold predictions about how all of us can prepare, individually and collectively, for America’s next rendezvous with destiny.
Tony Robbins: “I find the theory motivational. It helps people understand that winter is going to come, but winter isn’t forever. Winter is always followed by spring. And it’s how to take advantage of whatever season you’re in.”
Get it here: The Fourth Turning: An American Prophecy – What the Cycles of History Tell Us About America’s Next Rendezvous with Destiny
10. “Emerson: Essays and Lectures” by Ralph Waldo Emerson
Ralph Waldo Emerson is the father of the Transcendentalist movement that developed in the US in the 1820s and 1830s. It is founded on the belief that people are inherently good and are at their best when they are self-reliant and individualist, free from the corruption of society.
Tony Robbins : “Self-reliance is a theme all human beings, especially those living in the Western world, have to fully understand if they’re going to do well in a world that’s changing constantly.”.
Get it here: Emerson: Essays and Lectures: Nature: Addresses and Lectures / Essays: First and Second Series / Representative Men / English Traits / The Conduct of Life (Library of America)
11. “Generations” by William Strauss and Neil Howe
Hailed by national leaders as politically diverse as former Vice President Al Gore and former House Speaker Newt Gingrich, Generations has been heralded by reviewers as a brilliant, if somewhat unsettling, reassessment of where America is heading.
William Strauss and Neil Howe posit the history of America as a succession of generational biographies, beginning in 1584 and encompassing every-one through the children of today. Their bold theory is that each generation belongs to one of four types and that these types repeat sequentially in a fixed pattern. The vision of Generations allows us to plot a recurring cycle in American history — a cycle of spiritual awakenings and secular crises — from the founding colonists through the present day and well into this millennium.
“Generations” is at once a refreshing historical narrative and a thrilling intuitive leap that reorders not only our history books but also our expectations for the twenty-first century.
Tony Robbins : “It shows there’s a direct cycle between how you were raised and how you raise your kids. And we all react to the way we were raised, and it creates a circular pattern between innovation and maintenance, back and forth. It is a brilliant book because when you understand the patterns of generations, you understand the patterns of history, then you can begin to understand where things are going. And I’m a big believer that losers react and leaders anticipate, but the only way you can anticipate is if you understand the patterns of history.”
Get it here: Generations: The History of America’s Future, 1584 to 2069
12. “The Singularity Is Near” by Ray Kurzweil
Ray Kurzweil is Google’s director of engineering, a vocal futurist, and transhumanist, and one of Robbins’ good friends. His book, “The Singularity Is Near,” details his theory that humanity will reach a point of “technological singularity” by the year 2045, a point from which machine intelligence progresses so rapidly that it exceeds humanity’s ability to fully comprehend it.
Tony Robbins: “I believe anticipation is power, that if you are going to have a great life, you don’t want to react to everything. Where the world is going and what technology is leading us to in terms of the evolution of humanity is an incredibly valuable thing to understand.”
Get it here: The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology
Thirsty for More?
Time goes and I found a couple more for you that are recommended by Tony. Let’s continue.
13. Tribe of Mentors by Tim Ferriss
Four-time #1 best-selling author Tim Ferriss tracks down more than 100 eclectic experts to help him, and you, navigate life. Through short, action-packed profiles, he shares their secrets for success, happiness, meaning, and more. No matter the challenge or opportunity, something in these pages can help.
Tony Robbins: “Tim is a brilliant thinker and someone who I respect immensely. He asked a series of targeted questions to some of the most brilliant people in the world and compiled their interviews into this book. What I love about “Tribe of Mentors” is that it distills key habits and beliefs of ultra-successful people and also dives into some of life’s larger questions, like what makes life meaningful. Highly recommended! No matter what point of your life you’re in, you’ll find this to be one of the best books right now to provide guidance for your unique journey.”
Get it on Amazon: Tribe of Mentors: Short Life Advice from the Best in the World
14. Principles: Life and Work Hardcover by Ray Dalio
Ray Dalio, one of the world’s most successful investors and entrepreneurs, shares the unconventional principles that he’s developed, refined, and used over the past forty years to create unique results in both life and business—and which any person or organization can adopt to help achieve their goals.
Tony Robbins: “I found it to be truly extraordinary. Every page is full of so many principles of distinction and insights—and I love how Ray incorporates his history and his life in such an elegant way.”
Get it on Amazon: Principles: Life and Work
15. Living Forward by Michael Hyatt & Daniel Harkavy
New York Times bestselling author Michael Hyatt and executive coach Daniel Harkavy show us how to design a life with the end in mind, determining in advance the outcomes we desire and a path to get there. In this step-by-step guide, they share proven principles that help readers create a simple but effective life plan so that they can get from where they are now to where they really want to be–in every area of life.
Tony Robbins: “The people who have achieved greatness are not just lucky. They created and executed a plan. . . . In Living Forward, Michael Hyatt and Daniel Harkavy show you how to develop and utilize a clear and compelling Life Plan to create the life you want.”
Get it on Amazon: Living Forward: A Proven Plan to Stop Drifting and Get the Life You Want
16. Start with Why by Simon Sinek
START WITH WHY shows that the leaders who’ve had the greatest influence in the world all think, act, and communicate the same way — and it’s the opposite of what everyone else does. Simon Sinek calls this powerful idea The Golden Circle, and it provides a framework upon which organizations can be built, movements can be led, and people can be inspired. And it all starts with WHY.
Tony Robbins: “The basis of this book is so important to anyone looking to increase their influence, profits, or impact. People won’t truly buy into a product, service, movement, or idea until they understand the WHY behind it. When you start with the why everything else falls into place.”
Get it on Amazon: Start with Why: How Great Leaders Inspire Everyone to Take Action
17. The TB12 Method by Tom Brady: How to Achieve a Lifetime of Sustained Peak Performance
After using his methods for over a decade, Brady believes that the TB12 approach has made him—and can make any athlete, male or female, in any sport and at any level—achieve their own peak performance. With instructions, drills, photos, in-depth case studies that Brady himself has used, as well as personal anecdotes and experiences from on and off the field, The TB12 Method is the only book an athlete will ever need, a playbook from Brady himself that will change the game.
Tony Robbins: My dear friend Tom Brady has authored his first book and is sharing his success recipes with all of you – Learn how to achieve a lifetime of sustained peak performance directly from the five-time Super Bowl champion himself! I get asked all the time, “What’s the key to success?” My reply? “Model the best!!” Many are referring to The TB12 Method as the “athlete’s bible”
Get it on Amazon: The TB12 Method: How to Achieve a Lifetime of Sustained Peak Performance
18. A Mind at Home with Itself: How Asking Four Questions Can Free Your Mind, Open Your Heart, and Turn Your World Around
In A Mind at Home with Itself, Byron Katie illuminates one of the most profound ancient Buddhist texts, The Diamond Sutra (newly translated in these pages by Stephen Mitchell) to reveal the nature of the mind and to liberate us from painful thoughts, using her revolutionary system of self-inquiry called “The Work.” Byron Katie doesn’t merely describe the awakened mind; she empowers us to see it and feel it in action. At once startlingly fresh and powerfully enlightening, A Mind at Home with Itself offers us a transformative new perspective on life and death.
Tony Robbins: I find Byron Katie’s work really great. She specializes in a process called ‘The Work,’ which requires you to ask four questions that change your perception of your own thoughts and the world around you. It feels like her life’s work is bound between the pages of this book. It’s a beautiful how-to for anyone wanting freedom from The Mind.
Get it on Amazon: A Mind at Home with Itself: How Asking Four Questions Can Free Your Mind, Open Your Heart, and Turn Your World Around
I hope this list will inspire you for new horizons. Please share in comments what is your most important book or one I definitely need to look at or if you have read any of this list share how did you like it.
“A room without books is like a body without a soul.” ~ Marcus Tullius Cicero
Follow this link to learn also 33 inspirational quotes from Tony Robbins
Tags: Books, Library, Tony Robbins
Leave a Reply
Cancel reply
Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. | msmarco_doc_00_26725744 |
http://4sarasota.com/Sarasota/Recreation/baltimore_orioles_spring_training.html | Baseball: Baltimore Orioles 2019 Spring Training Schedule in Sarasota, Florida | Baltimore Orioles Spring Training 2019
Baltimore Orioles Spring Training 2019
Baltimore Orioles Sarasota
Stadium Info
Orioles Spring Training History
| Baseball: Baltimore Orioles 2019 Spring Training Schedule in Sarasota, Florida
Baltimore Orioles Spring Training 2019
Baltimore Orioles Sarasota
Schedule Hotels Stadium
The Orioles 2019 Spring Training season opens at home Saturday, February 23, when they host the Minnesota Twins at Ed Smith Stadium at 1:05. The Grapefruit League season will conclude with the club's home-finale on Monday, March 25, against the New York Mets at 1:05 PM.
Baltimore will face nine different Major League opponents during the club's 17-game home schedule. The Orioles will play the Minnesota Twins four times at Ed Smith Stadium and the Boston Red Sox, Pittsburgh Pirates, Tampa Bay Rays, Toronto Blue Jays, and New York Yankees twice each. The Orioles will also square off against the Detroit Tigers, New York Mets, and Philadelphia Phillies each once at home.
• Touch For Additional Spring Sites »
Atlanta Braves Spring Training
Baltimore Orioles Spring Training
Boston Red Sox Spring Training
Detroit Tigers Spring Training
Miami Marlins Spring Training
Houston Astros Spring Training
Minnesota Twins Spring Training
New York Mets Spring Training
New York Yankees Spring Training
Philadelphia Phillies Spring Training
Pittsburgh Pirates Spring Training
St. Louis Cardinals Spring Training
Tampa Bay Rays Spring Training
Toronto Blue Jays Spring Training
Washington Nationals Spring Training
Homewood Suites
3470 Fruitville Road
Sarasota Airport Hotel - Sarasota Downtown
811 S Tamiami Trail
Hotel Indigo Sarasota
1223 Boulevard Of The Arts
Sleep Inn
900 University Pkwy
Sarasota Airport Hotel
4900 North Tamiami Tr.
La Quinta Inn & Suites Sarasota
1803 North Tamiami Tr.
Holiday Inn Sarasota Airport
8009 15th Street E
Stadium Info
Ed Smith Stadium
2700 12th Street at the corner of Tuttle Ave.
Plenty of paid parking at the ballpark.
Day games at Ed Smith start at 1:05 PM and night games at 6:05 PM
Practices start at 9 a.m. at Ed Smith Stadium and Sarasota Sports Complex, before exhibitions begin.
Ticket Info
2015 Prices: (Prime games are Phillies, Red Sox and Yankees)
Third Base Lounge: Value $30, Classic $33, Prime $36; Premium Infield Box: Value $28, Classic $31, Prime $34; Infield Box: Value $24, Classic $27, Prime $30; Lower Box: Value $22, Classic $25, Prime $28; Reserved Grandstand: Value $18, Classic $21, Prime $24; Left Field Pavilion: Value $16, Classic $19, Prime $22; Standing Room Only: Value $8, Classic $11, Prime $14
Individual game tickets can be purchased in person at the Orioles Box Office at Ed Smith Stadium located at 12th Street and Tuttle Avenue in Sarasota. Call the Orioles Spring Training line at 941-893-6300 to receive an order form.
Parking at the stadium is $10.
No umbrellas, hard-sided coolers, thermoses, glass bottles, cans or alcoholic beverages are permitted into the ballpark. You must leave these items in your vehicle before entering the ballpark.
Non-alcoholic beverages in plastic bottles are permitted into the park. All items will be checked at the gates and any beverage which has been opened or partially consumed prior to entry is subject to confiscation if it is thought to contain alcohol. In addition, no plastic or paper cups of beverages are permitted into the park at the entry gates.
All items permitted into the ballpark will be inspected. No bags or items exceeding the maximum size of 16" x 16" x 8" are allowed into the ballpark. Permitted items must easily fit into a 16" x 16" x 8" container. Bags on wheels are prohibited.
No containers or unauthorized items can be left at any park entrance. You will be asked to return them to your vehicle.
No re-entry will be permitted. Once you enter the ballpark, you will not be permitted to leave and re-enter the facility. Please make sure you have everything you need with you before entering the ballpark.
Weekends will be full of family fun with 10 of the club's 17 home games falling on either a Friday, Saturday, or Sunday. Following Sunday home games, all children between the ages of 4-14 will be able to participate in a postgame Kids Run the Bases.
The Orioles will play 16 road games during the Spring Training season, including three trips to visit the Twins; two trips to take on the Blue Jays, Phillies, Pirates, Rays, Red Sox, and Yankees; and one trip to battle the Tigers.
Pitchers and catchers are scheduled to report on Wednesday, February 13, while the full-squad report date is set for Monday, February 18. The 2019 season will mark the Orioles' 10th consecutive Spring Training season in Sarasota and the club's ninth at renovated Ed Smith Stadium.
Date
Opponent
Site
Game Time 1:05 PM unless otherwise noted
(ss) indicates split squad
Feb 23
Minnesota Twins
Ed Smith Stadium
Feb 24
Toronto Blue Jays
Ed Smith Stadium
Feb 25
Minnesota Twins
Hammond Stadium
Feb 26
Tampa Bay Rays
Ed Smith Stadium
Feb 27
Boston Red Sox
Ft. Myers
Feb 28
Philadelphia Phillies
BrightHouse Field
Mar 1
Tampa Bay Rays ss
Ed Smith Stadium
New York Yankees ss
Steinbrenner Field 6:35
Mar 2
Boston Red Sox
Ft. Myers
Mar 3
Detroit Tigers
Ed Smith Stadium 3:05
Mar 4
Minnesota Twins
Hammond Stadium
Mar 5
Pittsburgh Pirates
Ed Smith Stadium
Mar 6
Tampa Bay Rays
Port Charlotte
Mar 7
Pittsburgh Pirates
McKechnie Field
Mar 8
Boston Red Sox
Ed Smith Stadium
Mar 9
Tampa Bay Rays (ss)
Port Charlotte
New York Yankees (ss)
Ed Smith Stadium 6:05
Mar 10
Philadelphia Phillies
Ed Smith Stadium
Mar 11
Off Day
Mar 12
New York Yankees
Steinbrenner Field 6:35
Mar 13
Toronto Blue Jays
Ed Smith Stadium
Mar 14
Minnesota Twins
Ed Smith Stadium
Mar 15
Minnesota Twins
Hammond Stadium
Mar 16
Toronto Blue Jays
Dunedin Stadium
Mar 17
New York Yankees
Ed Smith Stadium
Mar 18
Detroit Tigers
Joker Marchant Stadium
Mar 19
Minnesota Twins
Ed Smith Stadium
Mar 20
Boston Red Sox
Ed Smith Stadium 6:05
Mar 21
Pittsburgh Pirates
McKechnie Field
Mar 22
Toronto Blue Jays
Dunedin Stadium 6:07
Mar 23
Minnesota Twins
Ed Smith Stadium
Mar 24
Pittsburgh Pirates
Ed Smith Stadium 6:05
Philadelphia Phillies
BrightHouse Field
Mar 25
N ew York Mets
Ed Smith Stadium
Single game tickets for games at Ed Smith Stadium are on sale. Fans interested in Season Plans, or those wishing to receive additional Spring Training ticket information, may call the Orioles Spring Training office in Sarasota at 941-893-6300. Fans interested in additional information on suite rentals or pre-game party facilities should call 941-893-6317.
Orioles Spring Training History
(St. Louis Browns 1902-53)
1914 St. Petersburg (Coffee Pot Bayou Park)
1925-27 Tarpon Springs
1928-36 West Palm Beach
1942 Deland 1947 Miami
1955 Daytona Beach (City Island Ball Park)
1959-88 Miami (Bobby Maduro Stadium)
1989-90 Miami, Sarasota (Ed Smith Stadium)
1991 Sarasota (Ed Smith Stadium)
1992-95 St. Petersburg (Al Lang Field)
1996-2009 Fort Lauderdale (Fort Lauderdale Stadium)
2010- Sarasota (Ed Smith Stadium)
| msmarco_doc_00_26752208 |
http://4sarasota.com/Sarasota/Recreation/beaches.html | Sarasota Beaches , Siesta Key , Sarasota, Venice, Nokomis, Florida Beaches | Sarasota Beaches
Sarasota Beaches
Nokomis Beach
Picnic Shelters
Boardwalk
North Jetty Park
Venice Beaches
Brohard Park
Caspersen Beach
Manasota Beach
| Sarasota Beaches , Siesta Key , Sarasota, Venice, Nokomis, Florida Beaches
Sarasota Beaches
• Click or touch here for all Sarasota beaches.
North Lido»
Lido»
South Lido»
Siesta»
Turtle»
Palmer»
Nokomis»
North Jetty»
Venice»
Brohard»
Caspersen»
Manasota»
Blind Pass»
Sarasota's Siesta Key beach is known for having the whitest and finest sand in the world. Sarasota has miles of beaches and dozens of public accesses with free parking. Many of the beaches offer beach chair and umbrella rentals, concessions, volleyball, picnic areas and lifeguard protection. Check this list to be linked to information on local beaches.
Check on water quality at local beaches.
Florida is one of the few states that routinely tests water quality.
Nokomis Beach
Sun Safety Overexposure also causes wrinkling and aging of the skin. Immediate effects include blistering sunburns and longer-term problems like skin cancer and cataracts. Read More
Nokomis Beach is located on Casey Key directly west of the Albee Road Bridge.
The park includes 22 acres with 1,700 feet on the Gulf and 3,200 feet on the Intracoastal.
There is a partially covered large pavilion available for rent for parties including a classroom indoors.
For information on shelter rentals, call 941-861-5000.
The beach's amenities include:
rest rooms
small picnic shelters
boat ramp
boardwalk and deck
dune walkovers
Picnic Shelters
Picnic shelters and grills are available.
Boardwalk
A large boardwalk and dune walkovers makes for easy viewing and shade on Nokomis Beach
North Jetty Park
North Jetty Park is located on the southern tip of Casey Key in Nokomis, Florida. The jetties there make it one of the best places on the west coast of Florida for surfing. It's a popular spot for picnics and there is good fishing. Boats pass through the jetties from the Intracoastal to the Gulf
The park's amenities include:
rest rooms
large picnic shelter
small picnic shelters
horseshoe courts
volleyball courts
concession
Lifeguards are on duty year round.
For information on shelter rentals, call 941-861-5000.
When there's a storm in the Gulf of Mexico, surfers come from the other side of Florida to surf the waves breaking on North Jetty Beach in Nokomis. The photo to the left is while tropical storm Isidore was churning in the Gulf of Mexico in 2002 and pushing a lot of surf toward Venice and Nokomis.
Venice Beaches
Venice Beach is located at the west end of Venice Avenue one mile west of business Route 41. If you're a SCUBA diver, a reef containing fossilized material is located a quarter of a mile offshore. You can also find fossilized sharks teeth along the beach.
The beach's amenities include:
pavilion
rest rooms
concession
picnic tables
volleyball court
Lifeguards are on duty year round.
Brohard Park
Brohard Park is located in the southern most part of the City of Venice, on the Venice Airport property on Harbor Drive.
If you enjoy fishing, there's a 740 foot fishing pier on the property for public use. The pier has rest rooms, a snack bar, and a bait shop.
Also located at the park is Sharky's Restaurant and the U.S. Coast Guard Training Center.
The wetland area is known for bird watching. There are no lifeguards on duty.
The Venice City Commission voted to allow dogs at South Brohard Park. There is a fenced area, a dune walkover, a drinking fountain and showers for dogs and fire hydrants and leash posts. A 300 foot section of beach is a dog beach for dogs and their owners. Dogs must be on leash or under voice control. Owners must clean up after their pets.
Caspersen Beach
Caspersen Beach is located south of the Venice Airport on Harbor Drive. Two thirds of the the beachfront has been left in its natural state, offering a very secluded location.
Caspersen is known as a great place for collecting shells. It's also the best beach for finding pre-historic sharks' teeth.
The beach's amenities include:
rest rooms
1,100 foot boardwalk
picnic area
nature trail
There are no lifeguards on duty.
Manasota Beach
Manasota Beach is located at the west end of Manasota Beach Road. This is a small beach, (1,400 feet on the Gulf), offering a great place to collect shells, walk or relax.
On the Intracoastal side of the park a boat ramp and docking facilities are available. The 620 foot dock continues as a boardwalk winding through the mangroves.
The beach's amenities include:
rest rooms
boat ramp
large group picnic shelter
small picnic shelters
Lifeguards are on duty year round.
For shelter rental information, call 941-861-5000.
At beaches where lifeguards are on duty you'll find information on water conditions and temperatures. Be sure to pay attention to the flags flying and their color:
Green: All clear or good swimming conditions.
Yellow: Use caution for potentially high surf or dangerous currents and undertows.
One red flag means that the surf is high or there are dangerous currents, or both. Two red flags or a red flag with a swimmer symbol and white line through it indicate the water is closed to swimming, as conditions are too dangerous for even the strongest swimmers.
Purple: Hazardous Marine Life.
| msmarco_doc_00_26759737 |
http://4sarasota.com/Sarasota/Recreation/pittsburgh-pirates-spring-training.html | Baseball: Pittsburgh Pirates 2018 Spring Training Schedule in Brandenton, Florida | Pittsburgh Pirates Spring Training 2018
Pittsburgh Pirates Spring Training 2018
Pittsburgh Pirates Bradenton
Stadium Info
| Baseball: Pittsburgh Pirates 2018 Spring Training Schedule in Brandenton, Florida
Pittsburgh Pirates Spring Training 2018
Pittsburgh Pirates Bradenton
Schedule Hotels Stadium
The Pittsburgh Pirates will open their 2018 Spring Training Schedule with two games on Saturday, February 25. The Pirates are scheduled to host the New York Yankees at 1:05 p.m. in the Home Opener at LECOM Park on Saturday, February 24. The Pirates will be celebrating their 50th season of play in Bradenton, having been associated with their southern home every year since 1969.
A total of four of Pittsburgh's final six spring training games are scheduled to be played in Bradenton, which will include a night game on Thursday, March 22 against the Toronto Blue Jays (6:05 p.m. start).
A total of four of Pittsburgh's final six spring training games are scheduled to be played in Bradenton, which will include a night game on Thursday, March 22 against the Toronto Blue Jays (6:05 p.m. start).
• Touch For Additional Spring Sites »
Atlanta Braves Spring Training
Baltimore Orioles Spring Training
Boston Red Sox Spring Training
Detroit Tigers Spring Training
Miami Marlins Spring Training
Houston Astros Spring Training
Minnesota Twins Spring Training
New York Mets Spring Training
New York Yankees Spring Training
Philadelphia Phillies Spring Training
Pittsburgh Pirates Spring Training
St. Louis Cardinals Spring Training
Tampa Bay Rays Spring Training
Toronto Blue Jays Spring Training
Washington Nationals Spring Training
Hotels Near McKechnie Field
Click below or call 800-611-7450
Europe: 00-800-11-20-11-40
Use discount code: 26866
Rodeway Inn Bradenton
2303 1st Street East
Courtyard By Marriott Bradenton Sarasota Riverfront
100 Riverfront Drive W
Days Inn - Near The Gulf
3506 1st Street West
Best Western Atrea Manatee Hotel
2215 Cortez Rd W
Holiday Inn Express And Suites West
4450 47th St W
Shorewalk Vacation Villas
4601 46th Street Ct W
Guesthouse Intl Ellenton
4915 17th Sreet E
Ramada Limited Ellenton FL
5218 17th St E
Sleep Inn And Suites Riverfront
5605 18th Street E
Super 8 Motel - Bradenton
6516 14th St W
Hampton Inn Ellenton-Bradenton
5810 20th Ct E
Stadium Info
McKechnie Field
1611 9th Street
Bradenton, FL 34208
1/2 mile west of Highway 41 on 9th St. (Bus. 41) at 17th Ave.
941-747-3031
Plenty of paid parking in the ballpark neighborhood.
Day games start at 1:05 PM and night games at 6:05 PM (Unless otherwise noted.)
Ticket Info
The individual Spring Training game tickets will go on sale late January at the McKechnie Field Box Office, or by calling (877) 893-2827. Individual game tickets:
Infield Box (Box 1-14) $29
Infield Reserved: $29
Baseline Box (15 - 22):$25
Grandstand: $16
Left Field bleachers: $18
Left Field - 335 ft
Left-Center - 375ft
Center Field - 400 ft
Right-Center - 375 ft
Right Field - 335 ft
For more information or to purchase season tickets, group tickets, or the Weekend Package, please call 941-747-3031.
The Pirates went 19-12-2 last spring while tying the club record for wins, in addition to drawing a record 106,291 fans to 17 spring training home dates at LECOM Park.
Individual game tickets go on sale January 21. Advance sale prices are:
Infield Box $28
Infield Reserve $28
Baseline Box $24
Grandstand $18
Left Field Bleachers: $18
Standing Room*: $16
(SRO available for sold out games only)
Prices are approx. $3 higher for day of game purchase
Nearby are the Baltimore Orioles, New York Yankees , Tampa Bay Rays , Philadelphia Phillies and Boston Red Sox spring training camps. Be sure to check their schedules for more exciting baseball action.
Date
Opponent
Site
Home Game Time 1:05PM unless otherwise noted
(ss) indicates split squad
Feb 23
Tampa Bay Rays
Charlotte Sports Park
Feb 24
New York Yankees
McKechnie Field
Feb 25
Detroit Tigers (ss)
Lakeland
Feb 26
Boston Red Sox
McKechnie Field
Feb 27
Atlanta Braves
Champion Stadium
Feb 28
Boston Red Sox
JetBlue Park
Mar 1
Toronto Blue Jays
McKechnie Field
Mar 2
Baltimore Orioles
Ed Smith Stadium
Mar 3
Philadelphia Phillies
McKechnie Field
Mar 4
Minnesota Twins
Hammond Stadium
Mar 5
Atlanta Braves
Champion Stadium
Mar 6
Off Day
Mar 7
Toronto Blue Jays
Dunedin
Mar 8
Detroit Tigers
McKechnie Field
Mar 9
Philadelphia Phillies
BrightHouse Field
Mar 10
(ss)
Atlanta Braves
McKechnie Field
Baltimore Orioles
Ed Smith Stadium
Mar 11
Toronto Blue Jays
Dunedin
Mar 12
Baltimore Orioles
McKechnie Field
Mar 13
Off Day
Mar 14
Tampa Bay Rays
McKechnie Field
Mar 15
New York Yankees
Steinbrenner Field
Mar 16
Atlanta Braves
McKechnie Field
Mar 17
Minnesota Twins
McKechnie Field
Mar 18
(ss)
Boston Red Sox
McKechnie Field
Toronto Blue Jays
Dunedin
Mar 19
Minnesota Twins
McKechnie Field
Mar 20
Boston Red Sox
JetBlue Park
Mar 21
Minnesota Twins
Hammond Stadium 6:05
Mar 22
Toronto Blue Jays
McKechnie Field
Mar 23
Philadelphia Phillies
McKechnie Field
Mar 24
Tampa Bay Rays
McKechnie Field
Mar 25
Toronto Blue Jays
Dunedin
Mar 26
Philadelphia Phillies
LECOM Park
Mar 27
Philadelphia Phillies
Spectrum Field
| msmarco_doc_00_26765521 |
http://4seasongreenhouse.com/greenhouses-c-28.html | Greenhouses : 4 Season Greenhouse |
Greenhouse Sale - TAKE 5% off select Greenhouse Kits! - Call for details
Greenhouses
| Greenhouses : 4 Season Greenhouse
Greenhouse Sale - TAKE 5% off select Greenhouse Kits! - Call for details
Greenhouses
Stop! Before you forget, make plans for your Fall garden NOW - starting with ordering your new GREENHOUSE!
As summer winds down now is the time to plant seeds for your Fall garden. A good Fall garden can consist of delicious greens from Tasty lettuce to frost proof spinach. If your in the South a fall garden can grow broccoli, cauliflower and cabbage while colder climates are great for sowing carrots, rutabagas and turnips in your Fall harvest. Make it easy on yourself and make your plants very happy with one of our Greenhouse kits and you to can grow year round.
We have SALE pricing on some of our most popular models - PLUS we have lowered the price on our RIGA ( perfect for harsh climates ) and Victorian (luxury greenhouse) models - AND now get a free greenhouse heater will all SB Redwood greenhouse models! Don't wait. Join us in gardening through the Fall and deep into winter with your new Greenhouse Kit
Grow and Store and Essence Hobby Greenhouse Kit
Grow and Store & Essence Greenhouse Kit
Riga Greenhouses
Riga "the Onion" Greenhouse Kit
SB Redwood Greenhouses
Santa Barbara Greenhouse Kits
Sunglo Greenhouses
Sunglo Greenhouse Kits
The Victorian Greenhouse Kits
The Victorian Luxury Greenhouse Kits
Top 10 Greenhouses
4season Featured Greenhouse
Bio-Star Easy Start Greenhouse Kits
Bio-Star EasyStart Greenhouse Kits
Juliana Greenhouse Kits
Juliana Greenhouse Kits
Snap & Grow greenhouse kit
Snap and Grow Greenhouse Kit
Solexx Greenhouses Kits
Solexx Greenhouse Kits
Eco Greenhouses by Rion
Eco Greenhouses by Rion
Weatherguard Greenhouse Kits
WeatherGuard Greenhouse Kits
Nature Greenhouse Kit
Nature Greenhouse Kit
Halls Greenhouse Kits
Halls Greenhouse Kits
Indoor Greenhouses
indoor Greenhouses
Multi Line Greenhouse Kit
Multi Line Greenhouse Kit
Sunshine Gardenhouse Kits
Sunshine Gardenhouse Kits
The Prince Greenhouse Kit
The Prince Greenhouse Kit
Hideaway Custom Greenhouses
National Hideaway Custom Greenhouse
Rion Greenhouses
Rion Hobby Greenhouse Kits
Enthusiast Hobby Greenhouse Kit
Enthusiast Greenhouse Kit
STC Greenhouse Kits
STC Greenhouse Kits
MiniPro 8' x 10' PCâ„¢ Greenhouse
MiniPro Greenhouse Kit
Sundog Greenhouse Kits
Sundog Greenhouse Kits
Home Gardener Greenhouse Kits
Home Gardener Greenhouse Kits
MDM Shelterking Greenhouse Kits
MDM Shelterking Greenhouse Kits
What is the best type of Greenhouse for my use? Will I need to heat my greenhouse in the winter to keep my plants alive?
I am often asked what Greenhouse is best for wintering plants? And my question back has always been two fold; “Where do you live and what type plants are you wintering over?”
Your location and type of Greenhouse you have or plan to get can make a big difference in whether or not you can do what you intend.
A simple plastic covered greenhouse that is being used in a cold climate area where the night time temperature drops to 40 degrees or less is only good to store dormant perennials that are potted so that any freezing wind won’t damage you plants roots and will help warm up the pots in early spring for faster growth and budding. You can add some form of heat to speed up the warmth but it has been my experience that this can be costly.
If you want to propagate perennials all winter and store older plants then a polycarbonate greenhouse would hold in heat better and your success will be much higher the more thickness of polycarbonate wall you have. These are measured in single millimeters, 2mm, 4mm, 6mm, 8 and 10mm is best suited for the colder climates.
4mm and up approx R factors:
4mm twin wall polycarbonate = R 1.43
6mm twin wall polycarbonate = R 1.54
8mm twin wall polycarbonate= R 1.61
10mm twin wall polycarbonate= R 1.89
Type of heat used can be, (my favorites,) propane or natural gas, or you can use electric heat, (doesn’t heat well with out good blowers to distribute which brings up the cost to run in any greenhouse.) but no matter what type of heat you choose do include good circulation fans so that the heat is distributed evenly through out the area of your greenhouse, this can reduce heating cost by 5% and prevents mildew and damping off on plants. Ventilation is still important in any greenhouse so keep that in mind, yes even in the winter.
Approx. Temperature need for plants:
Cold temperature of lows in the 40’s and below in a greenhouse will help keep off hard freeze of dormant plants.
Cool temperature of 45 to 50 degrees is good for leafy and root crops that like cooler weather.
Moderate temperature of 55 to 65 degrees are good for propagation, cucumbers, beans, herbs, Ivy and flowers.
Warm temperature of 65 to 70 degrees to do well. Tomatoes, Peppers, Tropical plants, (and pretty much anything else you wish to grow,) plants also need added growing light if started in winter when sunlight is low and short term, and good heat pads to propagate well. In fact in the winter any plants you are trying to grow or start will need the added growing lights and bottom heat to make for healthy roots and strong stalks that are not leggy. Water and fertilizing is equally important.
In the heat of the long summer days you will need to consider the cooling and ventilation needed to keep your greenhouse plants healthy. Shade cloth is a good thing to have available for hot days as well.
For those who live in moderate to warm climate the single pane polycarbonate house do a good job in keeping your plants.
None of it is hard to learn and having a greenhouse can sure make the long winter days seem shorter and your spirits high.
It doesn’t matter if you grow in a greenhouse or in a pot on your window sill, gardening of any kind is great for the soul. My Momma use to say,” No matter where you live plant something that will grow it is your tithing to the world.”
Theresa Saldivia, I have over 30 years of commercial and hobby greenhouse growing and have been an organic grower all my adult life. I have the great pleasure of being the Sales Manager for 4seasongreenhouse.com.
Need help? - Our experts are here to help you pick out everything you need for what your growing and the climate you are in to get the most out of your new greenhouse. Call us 1 866 567-0813. We are real growers with hands on experience and enjoy sharing our love of gardening.
| msmarco_doc_00_26771184 |
http://4seasongreenhouse.com/greenhouses-snap-and-grow-greenhouse-kit-c-28_298.html | Snap and Grow Greenhouse Kit : 4 Season Greenhouse | Snap & Grow greenhouse kit
Greenhouse Sale - TAKE 5% off select Greenhouse Kits! - Call for details
Snap & Grow greenhouse kit
| Snap and Grow Greenhouse Kit : 4 Season Greenhouse
Greenhouse Sale - TAKE 5% off select Greenhouse Kits! - Call for details
Snap & Grow greenhouse kit
The all new Snap & Grow Silver 6 x 8 greenhouse has been engineered from the ground up to get you growing quickly. It features the innovative SmartLock connector system that allows you to assemble the heavy-duty, aluminum frame quickly and easily without a lot of hardware. The innovative split door and vent windows are even preassembled out of the box! The tough, crystal-clear SnapGlas panels simply slide and lock into place without any complicated tools or hardware. Get growing so you too can start to enjoy greenhouse gardening in a Snap!
View Page 1
Displaying 1 to 12 (of 12 products)
Snap & Grow Greenhouse Kit
Size: 6'3" W x 8'4" L x 6'9" H
Frame: aluminum with rigid polypropylene SmartLockâ„¢ connectors
Stock# POL-HG6008
Brand: Palram
Price: $867.90
Snap & Grow Silver 8 x 8 Greenhouse Kit
Size: 8'1/2" W x 8'1/2" L x 8'6 1/2" H
Frame: Auminum with rigid polypropylene SmartLockâ„¢ connectors
Stock# POL-HG8008
Brand: Palram
Price: $1,208.90
Snap & Grow Greenhouse Kit 6X12
Size: 6'3" W x 12' L x 6'9" H
Frame: aluminum with rigid polypropylene SmartLockâ„¢ connectors
Stock# POL-HG6012
Brand: Palram
Price: $1,307.90
Grow and Store 6 x 12 Hobby Greenhouse Kit
Size: 6 ft W x 12 ft L x 6'10" H
Frame: Heavy Duty Aluminum
Stock# POL-HG5112
Brand: Palram
Price: $1,318.90
ON SALE $1,318.90
Snap & Grow Green 8 x 8 Greenhouse Kit
Size: 8'1/2" W x 8'1/2" L x 8'6 1/2" H
Frame: Green Powder Coated Aluminum
Stock# POL-HG8008BG
Brand: Palram
Price: $1,417.90
Snap & Grow Silver 8 x 12 Greenhouse Kit
Size: 8\'1/2\" W x 12\' L x 8\'6 1/2\" H
Frame: Auminum with rigid polypropylene SmartLockâ„¢ connectors
Stock# POL-HG8012
Brand: Palram
Price: $1,637.90
Snap & Grow Greenhouse Kit 6X16
Size: 6'3" W x 16' L x 6'9" H
Frame: aluminum with rigid polypropylene SmartLockâ„¢ connectors
Stock# POL-HG6016
Brand: Palram
Price: $1,747.90
Snap & Grow Green 8 x 12 Greenhouse Kit
Size: 8'1/2" W x 12' L x 8'6 1/2" H
Frame: Powder Coated Green Frame
Stock# POL-HG8012
Brand: Palram
Price: $1,967.90
Snap & Grow Silver 8 x 16 Greenhouse Kit
Size: 8'1/2" W x 16' L x 8'6 1/2" H
Frame: Auminum with rigid polypropylene SmartLockâ„¢ connectors
Stock# POL-HG8016
Brand: Palram
Price: $2,187.90
Snap & Grow Green 8 x 16 Greenhouse Kit
Size: 8'1/2" W x 16' L x 8'6 1/2" H
Frame: Green Powder Coated Aluminum
Stock# POL-HG8016G
Brand: Palram
Price: $2,517.90
Snap & Grow Silver 8 x 20 Greenhouse Kit
Size: 8'1/2" W x 20' L x 8'6 1/2" H
Frame: Auminum with rigid polypropylene SmartLockâ„¢ connectors
Stock# POL-HG8020
Brand: Palram
Price: $2,627.90
Snap & Grow Green 8 x 20 Greenhouse Kit
Size: 8'1/2" W x 20' L x 8'6 1/2" H
Frame: Green Powder Coated Aluminum
Stock# POL-HG8020G
Brand: Palram
Price: $3,067.90
Displaying 1 to 12 (of 12 products)
Result Pages: 1
| msmarco_doc_00_26778036 |
http://4seasongreenhouse.com/lean-style-greenhouses-c-355.html | Lean-To Style Greenhouses : 4 Season Greenhouse | Lean-To Style Greenhouses
Greenhouse Sale - TAKE 5% off select Greenhouse Kits! - Call for details
Lean-To Style Greenhouses
| Lean-To Style Greenhouses : 4 Season Greenhouse
Greenhouse Sale - TAKE 5% off select Greenhouse Kits! - Call for details
Lean-To Style Greenhouses
A Lean To Greenhouse uses an existing structure as the back wall of the greenhouse. The Lean to
can be used just as a greenhouse or a lot of gardeners reserve an area for greenhouse work and another area for comfortable seating allowing you to relax with your plants. Browse through our selections of easy to build lean to greenhouse kits for a model that will work for your needs.
Remember - our "down in the dirt" greenhouse experts are here to help! No high pressure sales, Real gardening enthusiasts and practical advice! - no call centers or a salesperson reading out of a catalog! We want you to enjoy the world of gardening as much as we do!
View Page 1 2 [Next >>]
Shop by Manufacturer Eco Santa Barbara Greenhouse Sunglo Greenhouses
Displaying 1 to 21 (of 40 products)
Mariposa Lean-To 7' W x 4' L Redwood Greenhouse
• 7' wide x 4' Long x 7'9" Height
• Kiln-dried Redwood Frame
Stock# SBG-STLN-7X4
Brand: Santa Barbara Greenhouse
Price: $1,108.80
ON SALE $1,053.03
Mariposa Lean-To 7' W x 8' L Redwood Greenhouse
• 7' wide x 8' Long x 7'9" Height
• Kiln-dried Redwood Frame
Stock# SBG-STLN-7X8
Brand: Santa Barbara Greenhouse
Price: $1,409.10
ON SALE $1,338.23
Eco SunRoom 8 Lean-To Greenhouse Kit - Poly
•Size: 6'6"W x 8'6"L
•Frame: UV Protected Resin in Green
Stock# RION-LT-8-TW
Brand: Eco
Price: $1,758.90
Mariposa Lean-To 7' W x 12' L Redwood Greenhouse
• 7' wide x 12' Long x 7'9" Height
• Kiln-dried Redwood Frame
Stock# SBG-STLN-7X12
Brand: Santa Barbara Greenhouse
Price: $1,842.23
ON SALE $1,749.56
Eco SunRoom 8 Lean-To Greenhouse Kit - Acrylic
•Size: 6'6"W x 8'6"L
•Frame: UV Protected Resin in Green
Stock# RION-LT-8-TW
Brand: Eco
Price: $1,868.90
Mariposa Lean-To 7' W x 16' L Redwood Greenhouse
• 7' wide x 16' Long x 7'9" Height
• Kiln-dried Redwood Frame
Stock# SBG-STLN-7X16
Brand: Santa Barbara Greenhouse
Price: $2,193.35
ON SALE $2,083.02
Eco SunRoom 12 Lean-To Greenhouse Kit - Poly
•Size: 6'6"W x 12'7"L
•Frame: UV Protected Resin in Green
Stock# RION-LT-12-TW
Brand: Eco
Price: $2,418.90
Eco SunRoom 12 Lean-To Greenhouse Kit - Acrylic
•Size: 6'6"W x 12'7"L
•Frame: UV Protected Resin in Greem
Stock# RION-LT-12-CW
Brand: Eco
Price: $2,528.90
Sonoma 4'W x 8'L Redwood Lean-To Greenhouse
Size: 4'W x 8'L x 7.8'H
Frame: Kiln-dried Redwood in a sturdier, more elegant Modular design; Tempered-plate glass sides 3/16" thick and set in Butyl
Stock# SBG-DLXLN-4x8
Brand: Santa Barbara Greenhouse
Price: $2,574.00
ON SALE $2,445.30
Mariposa Lean-To 7' W x 20' L Redwood Greenhouse
• 7' wide x 20' Long x 7'9" Height
• Kiln-dried Redwood Frame
Stock# SBG-STLN-7X20
Brand: Santa Barbara Greenhouse
Price: $2,743.13
ON SALE $2,605.14
Sunglo 1500B Lean-To Greenhouse
• Size: 5'1 1/2"W x 7'6"L
• Frame: Aluminum
Stock# SGG-1500B
Brand: Sunglo Greenhouses
Price: $3,078.90
Sonoma 4'W x 12'L Redwood Lean-To Greenhouse
Size: 4'W x 12'L x 7.8'H
Frame: Kiln-dried Redwood in a sturdier, more elegant Modular design; Tempered-plate glass sides 3/16" thick and set in Butyl
Stock# SBG-DLXLN-4x12
Brand: Santa Barbara Greenhouse
Price: $3,113.00
ON SALE $2,957.35
Sonoma 6'W x 8'L Redwood Lean-To Greenhouse
Size: 6'W x 8'L x 6'H (8'2"H at peak)
Frame: Kiln-dried Redwood in a sturdier, more elegant Modular design; Tempered-plate glass sides 3/16" thick and set in Butyl
Stock# SBG-DLXLN-6x8
Brand: Santa Barbara Greenhouse
Price: $3,124.00
ON SALE $2,967.80
Sunglo 1500C Lean-To Greenhouse
• Size: 5'1 1/2"W x 10'L
• Frame: Aluminum
Stock# SGG-1500C
Brand: Sunglo Greenhouses
Price: $3,518.90
Sonoma 6'W x 12'L Redwood Lean-To Greenhouse
Size: 6'W x 12'L x 6'H (8'2"H at peak)
Frame: Kiln-dried Redwood in a sturdier, more elegant Modular design; Tempered-plate glass sides 3/16" thick and set in Butyl
Stock# SBG-DLXLN-6x12
Brand: Santa Barbara Greenhouse
Price: $3,602.50
ON SALE $3,422.38
Sonoma 9'W x 8'L Redwood Lean-To Greenhouse
Size: 9'W x 8'L x 6'H (9'3"H at peak)
Frame: Kiln-dried Redwood in a sturdier, more elegant Modular design; Tempered-plate glass sides 3/16" thick and set in Butyl
Stock# SBG-DLXLN-9x8
Brand: Santa Barbara Greenhouse
Price: $3,608.00
ON SALE $3,427.60
Mariposa Lean-To Package 7' W x 16' L Redwood Greenhouse
Includes: One 7\'x16\' Mariposa Redwood Lean-to Greenhouse
• Two 16\' long Redwood Benches
Stock# SBG-STLNPACK-7X16
Brand: Santa Barbara Greenhouse
Price: $3,694.85
ON SALE $3,508.99
Sonoma 4'W x 16'L Redwood Lean-To Greenhouse
Size: 4'W x 16'L x 7.8'H
Frame: Kiln-dried Redwood in a sturdier, more elegant Modular design; Tempered-plate glass sides 3/16" thick and set in Butyl
Stock# SBG-DLXLN-4x16
Brand: Santa Barbara Greenhouse
Price: $3,839.00
ON SALE $3,647.05
Sunglo 1500D Lean-To Greenhouse
• Size: 5'1 1/2"W x 12'6"L
• Frame: Aluminum
Stock# SGG-1500D
Brand: Sunglo Greenhouses
Price: $3,848.90
Sonoma 6'W x 16'L Redwood Lean-To Greenhouse
Size: 6'W x 16'L x 6'H (8'2"H at peak)
Frame: Kiln-dried Redwood in a sturdier, more elegant Modular design; Tempered-plate glass sides 3/16" thick and set in Butyl
Stock# SBG-DLXLN-6x16
Brand: Santa Barbara Greenhouse
Price: $4,064.50
ON SALE $3,861.28
Sunglo 1700B Lean-To Greenhouse
• Size: 7'7 1/2"W x 7'6"L
• Frame: Aluminum
Stock# SGG-1700B
Brand: Sunglo Greenhouses
Price: $4,123.90
Displaying 1 to 21 (of 40 products)
Result Pages: 1 2 [Next >>]
Our Down in the Dirt Expert says
I find with the cost of travel these days it is most practical to entertain family and friends at home and having a little extra room to do this in makes it less stressful for everyone. A Lean to Sunrooms certainly gives one a multi used area that adds class to the home and room with a view for entertaining in. Even in the dead of winter when it is to cold to be out on a deck, the Sunroom gives the same open to the outdoor experience with out the chill. Add some Luxuriant Plants and you can feel like you are in the tropics while winter threatens the rest of the neighborhood.
When the solstice tips to the spring and summer, your green thumb itch will have plenty of room to grow to your hearts content with out fear of a late winter calling card ruining all your plans.
Happy growing and short winter to you all
Theresa Saldiva - 4seasongreenhouse.com expert
| msmarco_doc_00_26781625 |
http://4seasonscathospital.com/ | 4 Seasons Cat Hospital – | welcome to 4 seasons
cat hospital
welcome to 4 seasons
cat hospital
Competent minds, compassionate hearts and caring hands serving your family for the life of your cat.
YOUR CAT IS
OUR HOUSEGUEST
Your cat deserves the best
preventative/wellness care
internal medicine
dentistry
Boarding
surgical procedures
behavior counseling
DON'T DELAY, REQUEST
AN APPOINTMENT TODAY
| 4 Seasons Cat Hospital –
welcome to 4 seasons
cat hospital
Competent minds, compassionate hearts and caring hands serving your family for the life of your cat.
4 Seasons is the only exclusively feline focused hospital in Charlotte. By focusing on a single species we can stay better informed on all the latest medical, surgical and behavioral medicine available to date for cats
KNOW MORE
YOUR CAT IS
OUR HOUSEGUEST
Your cat deserves the best
We take a relaxed yet professional approach to veterinary medicine. We always want our clients to feel like they are part of their cat’s medical team and never fear asking questions and participating fully in their cat’s care. We offer a wide range of services to make sure your feline family member is well taken care of.
preventative/wellness care
internal medicine
dentistry
Boarding
surgical procedures
behavior counseling
SEE ALL OF OUR SERVICES
DON'T DELAY, REQUEST
AN APPOINTMENT TODAY
REQUEST AN APPOINTMENT | msmarco_doc_00_26788715 |
http://4seasonschinesefood.com/ | 4 Seasons Chinese Food: 2015 Home | A Different Kind of Fun!
4 Seasons Restaurant
Hours
Holiday Hours
Delivery Areas
| 4 Seasons Chinese Food: 2015 Home
A Different Kind of Fun!
Szechuan Rice Vermicelli noodles, stir-fried with shredded barbequed pork, veggies, and topped with crushed almonds. Add to My Order
Shanghai Noodles
A dish that will captivate you . . . Enjoy a sea of Shanghai Noodles with minced pork and shredded vegetables, All Aboard! Add to My Order
Yangtse Noodle
A dish overflowing with a river of egg noodles, chicken, bean sprouts, celery, onion, and carrots, highlighted with garlic. Add to My Order
Barbequed Pork Slices
Tender, juicy pork slices with sesame seeds! Add to My Order
Polynesian Fried Rice
A special seasoned rice with a tropical blend of pineapple, tomato, shrimp, barbequed pork and slivers of green peppers. Add to My Order
Black Pearl Chicken
Pieces of lightly breaded chicken with slivers of ginger, onion, and bell peppers, stir-fried in our sweet ginger sauce with a lemony twist. Add to My Order
Beef with Broccoli
A classic dish! Add to My Order
San Goo Dop Choy
A Vegetarian Delight of mixed fresh vegetables. Add to My Order
4 Seasons Chinese Food first opened its doors on September 20th, 1988. The restaurant was started by the brother and sister team of Walter and Cathy. Together with their parents and aunt, they have built this pick-up and delivery restaurant into one of the more popular Chinese restaurants in Winnipeg.
Using only the finest and freshest ingredients, they have created a large and loyal clientele. Their reputation has grown to a point where the wait could be up to 2 to 3 hours on the weekends.
Pre-orders are recommended for the weekends and holidays. Their friendly staff will gladly assist you.
Ask us about our Gift Certificates and Catering Service!
Current Order
Your order is empty.
4 Seasons Restaurant
Southdale Centre
10-35 Lakewood Blvd.
R2J2M8
Phone: 204-254-2221
Fax: 204-256-9139
Hours
Monday
CLOSED
Tuesday
4:00 p.m.-10:00 p.m.
Wednesday
4:00 p.m.-10:00 p.m.
Thursday
4:00 p.m.-10:00 p.m.
Friday
4:00 p.m.-10:00 p.m.
Saturday
4:00 p.m.-10:00 p.m.
Sunday
4:00 p.m.-10:00 p.m.
Holiday Hours
Christmas Eve
2:30 p.m.-11:00 p.m.
Christmas Day
CLOSED
Boxing Day
2:30 p.m.-11:00 p.m.
New Years Eve
2:30 p.m.-11:00 p.m.
New Years Day
2:30 p.m.-11:00 p.m.
Valentines Day
2:30 p.m.-11:00 p.m.
Delivery Areas
River Park South
Island Lake
Southdale
Royal Wood
Southland Park
St. Vital
Windsor Park
St. Boniface
Sage Creek
Norwood | msmarco_doc_00_26790244 |
http://4seasonsescrow.com/pdf/seller_1099-S.pdf | Information to assist Sellers in the completion of the 1099-S Certification and 1099-S Input Form
Information
to
assist
Sellers
in
the
completion
of
the
1099-S
Certification
and
1099-S
Input
Form
Step
1
Step
2
Step
3
1099-S
CERTIFICATION
FOR
1099-S
REPORTING
ON
THE
SALE
OF
A
PRINCIPAL
RESIDENCE
SELLER
ASSURANCES:
TRUE
FALSE
Does
at
least
one
of
the
following
three
statements
apply?
OR
At
least
one
of
the
above
TRUE
All
of
the
above
FALSE
FOR
1099-S
REPORTING
ON
THE
SALE
OF
A
PRINCIPAL
RESIDENCE
SELLER
ASSURANCES:
TRUE
FALSE
Does
at
least
one
of
the
following
three
statements
apply?
OR
At
least
one
of
the
above
TRUE
All
of
the
above
FALSE
PRINT
NAME
HERE:
1099-S
INPUT
FORM
SUBJECT
PROPERTY
INFORMATION
TRANSACTION
DATA
SELLER
INFORMATION
-
PLEASE
PRINT
CLEARLY
| Information to assist Sellers in the completion of the 1099-S Certification and 1099-S Input Form
Information
to
assist
Sellers
in
the
completion
of
the
1099-S
Certification
and
1099-S
Input
Form
To
comply
with
IRS
regulations,
requiring
reporting
of
the
sale
or
exchange
of
Real
Property,
follow
the
instructions
below:
Step
1
Each
Seller
must
complete
a
1099-S
Certification
form
(Husband
and
Wife
must
each
complete
a
separate
form).
Step
2
If
all
questions
are
answered
"True
or
Yes"
on
the
1099-S
Certification,
return
the
completed
and
signed
form
to
your
Escrow
officer.
DO
NOT
complete
the
1099-S
Input
Form.
No
additional
steps
are
required.
If
you
answered
"False
or
No"
to
any
question
on
the
1099-S
Certification,
continue
to
Step
3.
Step
3
Each
seller
who
does
not
answer
"True/Yes"
to
all
questions
on
the
1099-S
Certification
form,
must
complete
and
sign
the
attached
1099-S
Input
form.
Return
the
completed
1099-S
Input
Form
to
your
escrow
officer.
Husband
and
wife
filing
joint
returns
need
only
complete
one
1099
Input
Form
(and
one
percentage
allocation
of
100%).
TRUSTS:
Trusts
are
not
automatically
exempt
from
receiving
1099s.
If
the
Trust
has
not
been
issued
it's
own
Tax
I.D.
number
then
each
trustee
must
complete
the
form
with
the
social
security
number
to
be
used
and
the
name,
as
it
appears
on
tax
return,
with
the
percentage
allocation
for
each
trustee.
If
the
Trust
has
it's
own
TIN
then
enter
the
Trust
Tax
I.D.
number
and
the
legal
name
as
it
appears
on
the
tax
return.
ESTATES:
If
using
the
decedent's
social
security
to
file
tax
return,
then
use
the
decedents
name.
If
the
Estate
has
been
issued
it's
own
TIN,
then
use
Estate
of
John
Smith
and
the
TIN
assigned
to
that
Estate
name.
CONSERVATORSHIPS:
If
a
Minor,
use
the
Name
and
social
security
number
assigned
to
that
minor.
If
an
Elder,
use
the
Elder's
name
and
social
security
number
that
the
tax
return
will
be
filed
under.
PARTNERSHIPS/LLC
(Limited
Liability
Company):
Are
not
automatically
exempt.
The
name
and
tax
I.D.
number
for
the
partnership,
one
1099
will
be
issued
to
one
partner.
(If
volume
transferor
please
provide
documentation.)
Corporations,
Non-profits,
government
entities,
1031
Exchanges,
Refinance,
Bankruptcy,
Deed
in
Lieu
of
Foreclosure,
Bulk
Sales
and
Volume
Transferors
(more
than
25
transactions
per
year)
are
automatically
exempt.
The
IRS
wants
the
social
security
number
that
was
assigned
to
the
name
(as
it
appears
on
IRS
IRS
records)
that
will
be
filing
the
tax
return
reporting
the
sale
of
this
property
in
this
escrow
transaction.
(In
some
cases
this
may
not
be
the
same
name
as
the
Seller(s)
on
the
Grant
Deed.
i.e.
Decedents
cannot
convey
property.
Trusts
cannot
convey
property.)
ALL
SELLERS
-
COMPLETE
THE
1099-S
CERTIFICATION
COMPLETE
THE
1099-S
INPUT
FORM
-
ONLY
IF
APPLICABLE
1099-S
CERTIFICATION
FOR
1099-S
REPORTING
ON
THE
SALE
OF
A
PRINCIPAL
RESIDENCE
This
form
may
be
completed
by
each
seller
of
a
principal
residence
to
determine
if
no
Form
1099-S
information
reporting
is
required
to
be
made
to
the
Internal
Revenue
Service.
In
order
to
qualify
for
this
exemption
each
seller,
including
husband
and
wife
sellers,
must
sign
a
separate
formanswering
"TRUE"
to
all
the
required
questions.
If
all
questions
are
not
answered
"TRUE"
on
this
form,
this
form
is
not
needed
and
the
seller(s)
must
fill
out
a
1099-S
Input
Form.
ESCROW
NO.
Date
Escrow
Closed
SELLER
ASSURANCES:
Check
"TRUE"
or
"FALSE"
for
each
of
the
following
assurances
set
forth
below:
During
the
5-year
period
ending
on
the
closing
date
of
this
escrow,
I
owned
and
used
this
property
as
my
principal
residence
for
at
least
2
years.
TRUE
FALSE
have
not
sold
or
exchanged
another
principal
residence
during
the
2
year
period
ending
on
the
closing
date
of
this
escrow
(not
taking
into
account
any
sale
or
exchange
prior
to
May,
7,
1997.)
TRUE
FALSE
No
portion
of
the
property
has
been
used
for
business
or
rental
purposes
by
me
(or
my
spouse,
if
married)
since
May
6,
1997.
TRUE
FALSE
Does
at
least
one
of
the
following
three
statements
apply?
The
sale
or
exchange
of
the
property
includes
the
entire
residence,
and
the
sales
price
or
valuation
is
$250,000
or
less.
OR
2.
I
am
married
and
the
sale
or
exchange
of
the
property
includes
the
entire
residence,
and
the
sales
price
or
valuation
is
$500,000
or
less,
and
(A)
I
intend
to
file
a
separate
tax
return
for
the
year
of
the
sale
or
exchange,
(B)
The
gain
on
the
sale
or
exchange
of
the
entire
residence
is
$250,000
or
less.
OR
3.
I
am
married
and
the
sale
or
exchange
of
the
property
includes
the
entire
residence,
and
the
sales
price
or
valuation
is
$500,000
or
less,
and
(A)
I
intend
to
file
a
joint
return
for
the
year
of
the
sale
or
exchange,
(B)
my
spouse
also
used
the
residence
as
his/her
principal
residence
for
at
least
2
years
during
the
5
year
period
ending
on
the
closing
date
of
this
escrow,
and
(C)
my
spouse
also
has
not
sold
or
exchanged
another
principal
residence
during
the
2
year
period
ending
on
the
closing
date
of
this
escrow
(not
taking
into
account
any
sale
or
exchange
prior
to
May
7,
1997).
At
least
one
of
the
above
TRUE
All
of
the
above
FALSE
NOTE
TO
SELLER;
IF
YOU
ANSWERED
"TRUE"
TO
EACH
OF
THE
ABOVE
QUESTIONS
YOU
DO
NOT
HAVE
TO
COMPLETE
THE
1099-S
INPUT
FORM.
***************************************************************************
*
******************************
Does
this
property
involve
a
1031
Tax
Deferred
Exchange:
YES
NO
If
YES,
please
complete
1099-S
Input
Form.
**********************************************************************************************************
"UNDER
PENALTY
OF
PERJURY,
I
CERTIFY
THAT
ALL
OF
THE
ABOVE
INFORMATION
IS
TRUE
AS
OF
THE
END
OF
THE
CLOSING
DATE
OF
THE
SALE
OR
EXCHANGE."
Total
Sales
Price
$
SELLER
SIGNATURE:
PROPERTY
ADDRESS:
PRINT
NAME
HERE:
1099-S
CERTIFICATION
FOR
1099-S
REPORTING
ON
THE
SALE
OF
A
PRINCIPAL
RESIDENCE
This
form
may
be
completed
by
each
seller
of
a
principal
residence
to
determine
if
no
Form
1099-S
information
reporting
is
required
to
be
made
to
the
Internal
Revenue
Service.
In
order
to
qualify
for
this
exemption
each
seller,
including
husband
and
wife
sellers,
must
sign
a
separate
formanswering
"TRUE"
to
all
the
required
questions.
If
all
questions
are
not
answered
"TRUE"
on
this
form,
this
form
is
not
needed
and
the
seller(s)
must
fill
out
a
1099-S
Input
Form.
ESCROW
NO.
Date
Escrow
Closed
SELLER
ASSURANCES:
Check
"TRUE"
or
"FALSE"
for
each
of
the
following
assurances
set
forth
below:
During
the
5-year
period
ending
on
the
closing
date
of
this
escrow,
I
owned
and
used
this
property
as
my
principal
residence
for
at
least
2
years.
TRUE
FALSE
have
not
sold
or
exchanged
another
principal
residence
during
the
2
year
period
ending
on
the
closing
date
of
this
escrow
(not
taking
into
account
any
sale
or
exchange
prior
to
May,
7,
1997.)
TRUE
FALSE
No
portion
of
the
property
has
been
used
for
business
or
rental
purposes
by
me
(or
my
spouse,
if
married)
since
May
6,
1997.
TRUE
FALSE
Does
at
least
one
of
the
following
three
statements
apply?
The
sale
or
exchange
of
the
property
includes
the
entire
residence,
and
the
sales
price
or
valuation
is
$250,000
or
less.
OR
2.
I
am
married
and
the
sale
or
exchange
of
the
property
includes
the
entire
residence,
and
the
sales
price
or
valuation
is
$500,000
or
less,
and
(A)
I
intend
to
file
a
separate
tax
return
for
the
year
of
the
sale
or
exchange,
(B)
The
gain
on
the
sale
or
exchange
of
the
entire
residence
is
$250,000
or
less.
OR
3.
I
am
married
and
the
sale
or
exchange
of
the
property
includes
the
entire
residence,
and
the
sales
price
or
valuation
is
$500,000
or
less,
and
(A)
I
intend
to
file
a
joint
return
for
the
year
of
the
sale
or
exchange,
(B)
my
spouse
also
used
the
residence
as
his/her
principal
residence
for
at
least
2
years
during
the
5
year
period
ending
on
the
closing
date
of
this
escrow,
and
(C)
my
spouse
also
has
not
sold
or
exchanged
another
principal
residence
during
the
2
year
period
ending
on
the
closing
date
of
this
escrow
(not
taking
into
account
any
sale
or
exchange
prior
to
May
7,
1997).
At
least
one
of
the
above
TRUE
All
of
the
above
FALSE
NOTE
TO
SELLER;
IF
YOU
ANSWERED
"TRUE"
TO
EACH
OF
THE
ABOVE
QUESTIONS
YOU
DO
NOT
HAVE
TO
COMPLETE
THE
1099-S
INPUT
FORM.
***************************************************************************
*
******************************
Does
this
property
involve
a
1031
Tax
Deferred
Exchange:
YES
NO
If
YES,
please
complete
1099-S
Input
Form.
**********************************************************************************************************
"UNDER
PENALTY
OF
PERJURY,
I
CERTIFY
THAT
ALL
OF
THE
ABOVE
INFORMATION
IS
TRUE
AS
OF
THE
END
OF
THE
CLOSING
DATE
OF
THE
SALE
OR
EXCHANGE."
Total
Sales
Price
$
SELLER
SIGNATURE:
PROPERTY
ADDRESS:
PRINT
NAME
HERE:
Note
to
SELLER:
This
form
does
NOT
need
to
be
completed
if
all
questions
on
the
1099-S
CERTIFICATION
FORM
are
answered
"True".
If
the
property
involves
a
1031
Tax
Deferred
Exchange,
PLEASE
COMPLETE
THIS
FORM.
FOUR
SEASONS
ESCROW,
INC.
1099-S
INPUT
FORM
Company
Number
Office
Number
Type
Escrow
Number
Actual
Closing
Date
Add
Change
Delete
SUBJECT
PROPERTY
INFORMATION
STREET
ADDRESS
OR
BRIEF
FORM
OF
LEGAL
DESCRIPTION
(FOR
VACANT
LAND,
USE
APN,
COUNTY
AND
STATE)
CITY
STATE
ZIP
CODE
TRANSACTION
DATA
CONTRACT
SALES
PRICE
(Line
401
of
HUD-1
form)
Note:
If
this
is
an
exchange,
provide
total
dollar
value
of
cash,
notes
and
debt
relief
received
by
this
exchanger.
No.
OF
1099-S
forms
required
for
the
sale
of
this
property
$
2
OR
MORE
1099
FORMS
-
S
If
2
or
more
1099-s
forms
are
required
for
this
transaction,
record
the
dollar
amount
for
the
seller
based
on
the
seller's
declaration
$
BUYERS
PART
OF
REAL
ESTATETAX
Show
any
real
estate
tax,
on
a
residence,
charged
to
the
buyer
at
settlement.
$
CONTINGENT
TRANSACTION
Is
this
a
contingent
transaction
wherein
gross
proceeds
cannot
be
determined
with
certainty
at
time
of
closing?
Yes
EXCHANGE
Was
(or
will
there
be)
other
property
services
received?
Yes
SELLER
INFORMATION
-
PLEASE
PRINT
CLEARLY
SELLER'S
LAST
NAME
FIRST
NAME
M.I.
SELLER'S
FORWARDING
STREET
ADDRESS
CITY
STATE
ZIP
CODE
(or
country
if
not
USA)
SELLER'S
SOCIAL
SECURITY
NUMBER
OR
SELLER'S
TAX
IDENTIFICATION
NUMBER
You
are
required
by
law
to
provide
your
closing
agent
with
your
correct
Taxpayer
Identification
Number.
If
you
do
not
provide
your
closing
agent
with
your
correct
Taxpayer
Identification
Number;
you
may
be
subject
to
civil
or
criminal
penalties
imposed
by
law
under
the
Tax
Reform
Act
of
1986,
under
Internal
Revenue
Code
Sections
6045(E),
6676,
6722,
6723
and
7203.
Under
penalties
of
perjury,
I
certify
that
the
number
shown
above
is
my
correct
Taxpayer
Identification
Number.
Seller's
Signature
Date
Signed
| msmarco_doc_00_26792938 | |
http://4seasonslandscape.net/about-us.html | About Us - 509-489-5707 |
FOUR SEASONS LANDSCAPE CREW | About Us - 509-489-5707
Four Seasons Landscaping is a full service design, build, and landscape maintenance firm founded in Spokane, WA by Jeremy Deforge in 1996.
Four Seasons is locally owned and operated. We provide quality landscape design, construction, and maintenance services in the Spokane and Coeur d' Alene areas.
Our exerienced designers can provide you with a complete landscaping plan to install all at once or broken down into phases to accommodate any budget. We turn your ideas and dreams into reality and create functional and inviting outdoor living spaces.
Once your landscaping is installed and thriving, our experienced and trained maintenance crews can tend to your new landscaping needs. With an experienced staff of over 20 people, we offer weekly lawn cutting, lawn fertilization and weed control, tree and shrub spraying for insects and disease, as well as shrub bed weed control. Our trained arborists can tend to the pruning of your shrubs and tees and our irrigation maintenance technicians can turn on your irrigation system for you, service it throughout the season, then winterize it as well.
We pride ourselves on creating inviting functional landscapes that are maintenance friendly. Our maintenance services take the "work" out of your landscape and keep it beautiful for you to enjoy.
FOUR SEASONS LANDSCAPE CREW
Jeremy Deforge - President
Landscape designer and estimator, AAS SCC; EWU financial major, WSDA licensed, ISA certified arborist.
Todd Schmelzer - Landscape Crew Foreman
Landscape designer and estimator, AAS horticulture and turf SCC.
Bob Landaker - General Manager
Over 22 years in the industry,
Theresa Bradbury - Controller
BA in computer science, extensive industry experience
Paul Wiltse - Operations Manager
Karla Thompson - Assistant Office Manager
Jessica Cook - Assistant Office Manager
| msmarco_doc_00_26811511 |
http://4seasonsports.com/ | 4 Season Sports, Red Wing, MN Bait Tackle Guns and Archery | Featured Products
Featured Products | 4 Season Sports, Red Wing, MN Bait Tackle Guns and Archery
4 Season Sports • Red Wing, MN
Current River Levels at Red Wing Lock & Dam #3
Featured Products
Quick View
Pulse R Paddle Tail - B Fish N Tackle (8 Pack)
$4.29
Choose Options
Quick View
H2O Precission Jigs (5 Pack)
$5.99
Choose Options
4 Season Sports for more than 20 years has made it our mission to not only offer the most competitive prices on Shooting and Hunting Gear in South Eastern Minnesota, we also take great pride in offering our customers exceptional service. 4 Season Sports has provided a huge inventory of top quality products and expert advice from people just like you who love the outdoors, whether you prefer to fish, turkey hunt, deer hunt, waterfowl hunt or just experience the outdoors we carry the products you need. Beginning in 2013, in an effort to better serve our customers, you will be able to shop our online store for several of our specialty products including firearms.
4 Seasons Sports is located in Red Wing, MN. Nestled along the banks of the mighty Mississippi River beneath the towering limestone bluffs Red Wing offers world class Walleye, Bass and Catfish fishing all within a stones throw of downtown. Don’t forget backwaters full of jumbo sized Crappies and Sunfish along with Northern Pike as long as your leg. The woodland areas surrounding Red Wing abound with game. Whether you choose to hunt deer, turkeys, waterfowl or predators you will not be disappointed.
There are plenty of options for the non-outdoorsman as well. Visit Red Wing and enjoy the historic downtown, the St. James Hotel, Red Wing Pottery, Red Wing Shoe Store...Home of the World's Biggest Boot and beautiful Red Wing Hanging Flower Baskets. Red Wing provides a playground for all ages to shop, hike, walk, bike, ski, fish, boat and much more.
(651) 388-4334
4seasonsports@gmail.com
Current Top Sellers
1
Pulse R Paddle Tail - B Fish N Tackle (8 Pack)
$4.29
Choose Options
2
Authentix Moxi Ringie - B Fish N Tackle (8 Pack)
$4.29
Choose Options
3
H2O Precission Jigs (5 Pack)
$5.99
Choose Options
4
B3 Blade Bait - B Fish N Tackle
$3.99
Choose Options
5
4" B Fish N Tackle Ringworms (12 Pack)
$4.29
Choose Options
New Products
Draggin' Jigs (2 Pack)
$2.99
Choose Options
H2O Precission Jigs (5 Pack)
$5.99
Choose Options
5 K Grub from B Fish N Tackle (12 Pack)
$4.49
Choose Options
3.25" Paddletails B Fish-N-Tackle (12 Pack)
$4.29
Choose Options
4" B Fish N Tackle Ringworms (12 Pack)
$4.29
Choose Options
Popular Products
4" B Fish N Tackle Ringworms (12 Pack)
$4.29
Choose Options
H2O Precission Jigs (5 Pack)
$5.99
Choose Options
5 K Grub from B Fish N Tackle (12 Pack)
$4.49
Choose Options
3.25" Paddletails B Fish-N-Tackle (12 Pack)
$4.29
Choose Options
B3 Blade Bait - B Fish N Tackle
$3.99
Choose Options | msmarco_doc_00_26813570 |
http://4source.com/ | SOURCE Micronutrients, plant-based supplements for horses, dogs, and humans | ESSENTIAL TO THRIVE
ESSENTIAL TO THRIVE
About SOURCE®
Our Products
Shop
| SOURCE Micronutrients, plant-based supplements for horses, dogs, and humans
Home
You’ve come to the SOURCE for all-natural micronutrients,
concentrated from nutrient-rich ocean seaweeds
for you and for the animals you care for.
ESSENTIAL TO THRIVE
About SOURCE®
The very foods and feeds we rely on to provide nutrition for health are becoming increasingly deficient. That’s why you’re here. We can help.
Our Products
Every person, every animal, can benefit from the unique, proprietary blend of the all-natural micronutrients in our products.
Shop
Our products are available directly from us, through online catalogs or web stores and at local businesses . Shop Now | msmarco_doc_00_26816651 |
http://4southlaketahoelodging.com/ | 4southlaketahoelodging.com is for sale | 4southlaketahoelodging.com
4southlaketahoelodging.com
Please enter an amount of at least $5,000 USD.
| 4southlaketahoelodging.com is for sale
4southlaketahoelodging.com
Please enter an amount of at least $5,000 USD. | msmarco_doc_00_26817613 |
http://4ssign.com/aboutn.htm | 4S Sign & Supply, Inc. | 4S Sign & Supply, Inc.
4S Sign & Supply, Inc. began in 1993 as a small sign manufacturer in Gaffney, South Carolina. With over 60 years experience in the sign business, a lot of hard work and fierce determination, 4S has become a respected force in the industry. This is largely due to our committed staff, providing the best in customer service, delivery and the finest quality available anywhere. As we continue to grow we can assure our customers that quality will never be compromised and that our service will continue to be the very best.
Our customers are our friends and we welcome the opportunity to add you to our list of loyal, satisfied customers.
Mike
pearman
Kaye
pearman
Dean
arratt
Linda
arratt
.. .and thus the name | msmarco_doc_00_26817993 | |
http://4statesupply.com/ | Commercial and Industrial Insulation | 4 State Supply | Welcome to
4-State
Supply!
Welcome to 4-State Supply!
INDUSTRIAL INSULATION
COMMERCIAL INSULATION
OUR PRODUCTS
4 State Supply
Why People Choose Us
4 State Supply Vendors
| Commercial and Industrial Insulation | 4 State Supply
Welcome to 4-State Supply!
4-State Supply is one of the leading commercial and industrial insulation distributors in the Midwest. About Us Contact Us Today
INDUSTRIAL INSULATION
4 State Supply is a trusted supplier of industrial insulation, lagging and accessory materials used in power generation, refining, manufacturing and food processing.
Read More
COMMERCIAL INSULATION
4 State Supply provides a wide assortment of insulation materials used to insulate plumbing and HVAC mechanical systems in hospitals, universities, government facilities, restaurants, offices and military bases.
Read More
OUR PRODUCTS
4 State Supply is the Midwest's leading commercial and industrial insulation distributor with warehouse locations in KS and IA.
Read More
4 State Supply
At 4 State Supply we understand your challenge to complete projects in a timely and profitable manner both on construction sites and in production facilities. Our goal is to provide seamless prompt service and flawless execution including product knowledge, precise order entry all with an adequate inventory to ensure the highest customer satisfaction. To all of our customers, we appreciate your business and welcome challenges to come in the future.
Why People Choose Us
Prompt Service
Quality Products
Qualified Expertise
Product Availability
4 State Supply Vendors | msmarco_doc_00_26819210 |
http://4statetrucksaffiliates.com/ | 4 State Trucks - Affiliate Program | Affiliate Program
Affiliate Program
Welcome to the 4 State Trucks affiliate program
Becoming an Affiliate
| 4 State Trucks - Affiliate Program
Affiliate Program
Welcome to the 4 State Trucks affiliate program
4 State Trucks is the home of the Chrome Shop Mafia, and is the single largest retailer of heavy truck parts, chrome accessories, and related items. Our nationally recognized brand maintains a solid industry standing. 4 State Trucks offers aftermarket parts and accessories for all makes and models of medium and heavy trucks. Since its start in 1979, 4 State Trucks has continued to ensure customer confidence and deliver quality products to customer's doorsteps.
Becoming an Affiliate
Do you own or manage a site that reaches visitors interested in semi-truck parts and accessories and everything it takes to trick your truck? Become a 4 State Trucks affiliate!
An affiliate is an individual who sends visitors to 4 State Trucks and is then paid commission for every sale that is made. You don't have to deal with stocking products, postage, payments or anything like that.
Participation in the 4 State Trucks Affiliate Program is free, quick, and easy! Simply complete the application and, once approved, place the link we provide you on your website. You'll receive a commission when visitors order anything on our website within 30 days of clicking through from your site.
Our affiliate management is here to ensure you will be paid properly and on time. We have a vested interest in your success; we only make money when our affiliates make money, so you can be sure you will be paid honestly, on time, and accurately.
Joining our affiliate program is simple. We provide you with all of the tools you need to become an affiliate member, and we handle all the ordering, shipping, and billing processing. In addition, there is no charge to join our affiliate network.
Join Here Login Here
Terms and Conditions
Running on affiliate software by AllAffiliatePro
| msmarco_doc_00_26820965 |
http://4t-niagara.com/tray.html | 4t Tray Minimizer Free/Pro - Minimize Outlook, Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome and any other applications to the system tray! | 4t Tray Minimizer Free/Pro - Minimize any application to system tray!
4t Tray Minimizer Free/Pro - Minimize any application to system tray!
Download 4t Tray Minimizer Free
Buy 4t Tray Minimizer Pro v6.07
Desktop Enhancements
Application and window actions
Favorites (Pro version)
Hot keys
Download 4t Tray Minimizer Free
Buy 4t Tray Minimizer Pro v6.07
| 4t Tray Minimizer Free/Pro - Minimize Outlook, Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome and any other applications to the system tray!
Products:
4t Calendar Reminder
What's New
FAQ
Wish List
Order
4t HIT Mail Privacy free
FAQ
Wish List
4t Tray Minimizer free
All Features
Screenshots
Compare Free/Pro
What's New
FAQ
Languages
Wish List
Order
4t Web Camera
FAQ
Wish List
Order
The latest news:
Our newsletter
RSS news feed
About us
4t Tray Minimizer Free/Pro - Minimize any application to system tray!
4t Tray Minimizer is a lightweight but powerful window manager, which helps you to free up space on the desktop and the taskbar via the following actions:
Minimize To Tray - any application can be minimized to the system tray.
Roll Up/Roll Down - you can roll up any window to its title bar.
Make Transparent - you can make a window semi-transparent and take a look at foreground windows.
Hide/Show The System Tray - hides the system tray.
The Pro version allows you to control the behavior of your favorite applications: how and when they will be minimized to tray; customize its keyboards shortcuts for launching, restoring or hiding actions; minimize them to tray at start up and more...
Some benefits of the Pro version:
Would you like to hide your favorite program instead of closing, because it is loading for a long time and you don't want to wait while it will be launched next time? You can redefine the reaction to its close button click and it will be minimized to tray instead of closing. Next time it will be restored much more quickly.
You can define one hot key to launch, restore and hide the favorite application. When you press the hot key you don't care where your favorite application right now is: it will be launched if it was not running yet; it will be brought up if it was inactive or minimized to tray
The Free and the Pro versions let you to customize the hot keys both for the standard windows actions and for 4t Tray Minimizer actions:
Minimize All Windows hot key, Minimize Window and Maximize Window hot keys
Minimize To Tray hot key, Hide Window hot key, Minimize All Windows To Tray hot key, Roll Up/Roll Down hot key and more...
Download 4t Tray Minimizer Free
ver. 6.07 for Windows 10/8/7/Vista/XP
1.84 MB download / 5.8 MB installed
Buy 4t Tray Minimizer Pro v6.07
from $19.95 for Personal License
with 1 Year of updates and support
All Features:
Desktop Enhancements
Ability to customize the action when clicking on the standard window buttons.
Additional title bar buttons: Minimize to tray, Roll up/down, Stay on top and Make transparent. These buttons are customizable - you can set up their order or turn off any of them.
Customizable additional items into a window menu. You can call the window menu by right click on the window title bar or by click on the top-left window icon.
Additional items into a taskbar pop up menu, which can be activated by right click on the taskbar button (Shift + right click under Windows 7).
Hides system tray icons. 4t Tray Minimizer can hide the system tray icons to let you easily read the buttons on your taskbar. To make the system tray reappear, simply place the mouse cursor at the edge of the task bar, where the system tray is hidden.
Launches Desktop programs from the system tray. You can quickly launch the Desktop icons even if a lot of windows occupy Desktop.
Application and window actions
Minimize to tray. You can minimize to tray such well-known applications as Outlook, Outlook Express, Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome, Thunderbird, Sunbird and others. 4t Tray Minimizer lets you to use various ways to minimize application to tray: extra Minimize to tray titlebar button; left/right click on the minimize button; left click on the close button; Minimize to tray keyboard shortcut; additional Minimize to tray item in a window menu; auto-minimization to tray when an application is launched at startup, when it stays inactive or when it is minimized.
Hide an application (without showing its tray icon). You can hide any application without displaying its icon into the system tray.
A lot of ways to restore an application which was minimized to tray.
Minimize to tray all applications and Restore all application. You can quickly minimize to tray and restore all running applications.
Roll up/Roll down. You can roll up any window to its title bar.
Make transparent. You can make semi-transparent any window to take a look at background windows.
Stay on top. You can make any important window always on top.
Favorites (Pro version)
You can quickly activate and bring up the favorite application. You can not worry about the current state of the application. If it is not running yet, it will be launched. If it was minimized or hidden, it will be restored.
You can fully customize how you want to minimize your favorite application to the system tray. For example, you can override the standard reaction: on the minimize button, on the Close buttons and on the Alt+F4 hot key.
4t Tray Minimizer can minimize application to tray at startup or at other triggers: when the application is becoming inactive; when the application is minimized to taskbar.
Ability to hide task bar button for a favorite application
Some application can restore itself from the minimized state. 4t Tray Minimizer allows you to block self-restoration if the application was minimized to tray.
Quick launch. You can easy launch new copy of your favorite application.
The Only one instance can be launched option allows you to limit instances of your application. When the second instance is launched, 4t Tray Minimizer terminates it and brings up the first instance of the application.
You can customize Minimize to tray / Restore hot key and quickly switch your application between its minimized to tray and foreground states. Also if you use Launch if not running option, the same hot key is able launch your application if it isn't running yet.
Minimize to tray all instances of the favorite application. You can easy minimize all instances of the favorite application to the system tray. For example, a few windows of Internet Explorer or Firefox may be easy minimized to tray. Of course, you can restore these hidden instances as soon as you wish.
Hot keys
for the active window:
Maximize window keyboard shortcut maximizes the active window
Minimize window keyboard shortcut minimizes the active window
Minimize to tray keyboard shortcut
Hide an application without showing its tray icon keyboard shortcut
Roll up/down keyboard shortcut
Make transparent keyboard shortcut
Stay on top keyboard shortcut
for all windows:
Minimize all windows keyboard shortcut minimizes all windows to the taskbar
Minimize all windows to the system tray keyboard shortcut
Restore all hidden windows keyboard shortcut
for the favorite application:
Launch the favorite application keyboard shortcut
Minimize the favorite application to the system tray keyboard shortcut
Restore the hidden favorite application keyboard shortcut
Minimize all instances of the favorite application (to the taskbar) keyboard shortcut
Minimize all instances of the favorite application to the system tray keyboard shortcut
Restore all instances of the favorite application keyboard shortcut
Download 4t Tray Minimizer Free
ver. 6.07 for Windows 10/8/7/Vista/XP
1.84 MB download / 5.8 MB installed
Buy 4t Tray Minimizer Pro v6.07
from $19.95 for Personal License
with 1 Year of updates and support
Current version: 6.07
Setup size: 1.85 Mb
Released: 8 Aug, 2017
System requirements:
Windows 10 (32/64 bit)
Windows 8.1 (32/64 bit)
Windows 8 (32/64 bit)
Windows 7 (32/64 bit)
Windows Vista (32/64 bit)
Windows XP (32/64 bit)
4t Tray Minimizer Free 6.07:
Download EXE (1.85 MB)
Download ZIP (1.79 MB)
Buy 4t Tray Minimizer Pro | msmarco_doc_00_26823126 |
http://4teachers.homestead.com/Thesis_Statement2.htm | Thesis Statement VS Statement of |
Thesis Statement VS Statement of Purpose
Statement of Purpose
| Thesis Statement VS Statement of
Thesis Statement VS Statement of Purpose
NOTE: Most academic writing will require a Thesis statement.
LEO Thesis Statements
OWL: The "SO WHAT" Test
Do not announce the thesis of your paper with phrases such as “I will discuss……” or “This paper will……”
A thesis sentence should both identify the topic of the paper and indicate the author's attitude toward the topic or position on the topic. Thus, it should do more than announce a topic. "Announcements" take the form This paper will do such-and-such or In this paper I will . . . ..
Alice L. Trupe, 2001, Bridgewater College
From University of Madison-Wisconsin Writing Center:
A thesis statement . . .
· Makes an argumentative assertion about a topic; it states the conclusions that you have reached about your topic.
· Makes a promise to the reader about the scope, purpose, and direction of your paper.
· Is focused and specific enough to be "proven" within the boundaries of your paper.
· Is generally located near the end of the introduction; sometimes, in a long paper, the thesis will be expressed in several sentences or in an entire paragraph.
· Identifies the relationships
X: In this paper, I will discuss how ABC……..
OK: ABC has made a significant impact on the teenage population due to its . . .
Statement of Purpose
From University of Madison-Wisconsin Writing Center:
A purpose statement announces the purpose, scope, and direction of the paper. It tells the reader what to expect in a paper and what the specific focus will be.
"This paper examines . . .," "The aim of this paper is to . . .," and "The purpose of this essay is to . . ." are common beginnings.
· A purpose statement makes a promise to the reader about the development of the argument but does not preview the particular conclusions that the writer has drawn.
· A purpose statement usually appears toward the end of the introduction. The purpose statement may be expressed in several sentences or even an entire paragraph.
· A purpose statement is specific enough to satisfy the requirements of the assignment. Purpose statements are common in research papers in some academic disciplines, while in other disciplines they are considered too blunt or direct. If you are unsure about using a purpose statement, ask your instructor. | msmarco_doc_00_26831605 |
http://4th.mrslambsroom.com/sensory-details.html | sensory details |
YOUR CART | sensory details
4th grade in Mrs. Lamb's Room
Home
Reading
Language
Social Studies
Writing
punctuation
Science
Home
Reading
Language
Social Studies
Writing
punctuation
Science
Search by typing & pressing enter
YOUR CART
CONCRETE WORDS AND SENSORY DETAILS
Objectives:
I can. use narrative techniques, such as dialogue, description, and pacing, to develop experiences and events or show the responses of characters to situations. (W 5.3b)
Sensory details are words or phrases that use the 5 senses to vividly describe an object, person, or place. They help the reader to visualize the story as if they were truly there.
Sentence 1: The room was a mess.
Sentence 2: Rumpled bedspread, piled up clothes, and a jumbled dresser greeted me as I pushed my way into the room.
Concrete details tell the reader which one using dates, amounts, names, statistics, etc . Let's look at some examples:
Sentence 1: The movie was awesome.
Sentence 2: The actors in The Great Gatsby gave believable performances, and the costumes were exquisitely made and historically accurate.
Prompt: Describe a place you enjoy going to.
Which paragraph do you prefer to read?
Paragraph A:
I like to go to the beach. There is a lot of sand and even some trees there. People play games on the beach, and some people like to swim. I used to go to the beach very often.
vs.
Paragraph B:
One place I enjoying going to is where the land and the ocean meet. This beautiful spot is my sanctuary in the sun—and I choose it very carefully. I look for a cool place under the trees and extend my mat on the white sand. The wind that blows through the trees often caries a light sprinkle from the ocean, and a hint of saltiness. Peace consumes me whenever I see that beautiful white sand. Mixed with the calming sound of the waves hitting the rocks in the distance, are giggles from the children building castles. Here is where happiness lies, with its toes in the sand right beside me.
LET'S PRACTICE
Rewrite the following telling sentences into descriptive showing sentence,
1. The boy was sad.
2. The kids had fun.
3. The dog was friendly.
4. The man was tired.
5. The girl was happy.
Hefty Words
Hear
went
smell
said
Powered by Create your own unique website with customizable templates.
Get Started | msmarco_doc_00_26834267 |
http://4thdistrict.myfrat.net/wp-content/uploads/sites/37/2016/12/Summary-History-Of-The-Omega-Psi-Phi-Fraternity-2014.pdf | SUMMARY HISTORY OF THE OMEGA PSI PHI FRATERNITY, INC.
OMEGA
PSI
PHI
FRATERNITY,
INC.
REVISED
INTERNATIONAL
MEMBERSHIP
TEAM
2014
THIS
PAGE
HAS
BEEN
INTENTIONALLY
LEFT
BLANK
PREFACE
AND
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
INTRODUCTION
THE
BIRTH
OF
OMEGA
INTERNAL
GROWTH
THE
FORTIES
THE
FIFTIES
THE
SIXTIES
THE
SEVENTIES
THE
EIGHTIES
AND
NINETIES
THE
NEW
MILLENIUM
APPENDIX
I
Dr.
Ernest
E.
Just
(1883-1941)
Professor
Frank
Coleman
(1890-1967)
Dr.
Oscar
J.
Cooper
(1888-1972)
Bishop
Edgar
A.
Love
(1891-1974)
APPENDIX
II
GRAND
BASILEI
APPENDIX
III
GRAND
CONCLAVES
APPENDIX
IV
HISTORICALLY
&
PREDOMINANTLY
BLACK
COLLEGE
AND
UNIVERSITY
PRESIDENTS
INTERNATIONALLY
MANDATED
PROGRAMS
APPENDIX
VI
NOTABLE
OMEGA
MEN
ARTS/ENTRTAINMENT
CIVIL
RIGHTS
EDUCATION
GOVERNMENT
&
POLITICS
MEDICINE/SCIENCE
MILITARY
BUSINESS/COMMERCE
ATHLETICS
APPENDIX
VII
POEMS
AND
OTHER
MATERIAL
Preamble
to
the
Constitution
of
the
Omega
Psi
Phi
Fraternity
Members
Versus
Men
Omega
Dear
By
Mercer
Cook
&
Dr.
Charles
Drew
Sweetheart
Song
By
Don
Q.
Pullen
By
Edgar
A.
Guest
Psalms
133
Invictus
William
Ernest
Henley
Life
Paul
Lawrence
Dunbar
Langston
Hughes
The
Bridgebuilder
W.A.
Dromgoole
If
By
Rudyard
Kipling
It
Couldn't
Be
Done
By
Edgar
Guest
| SUMMARY HISTORY OF THE OMEGA PSI PHI FRATERNITY, INC.
SUMMARY
HISTORY
OF
THE
OMEGA
PSI
PHI
FRATERNITY,
INC.
1911-2016
REVISED
INTERNATIONAL
MEMBERSHIP
TEAM
2014
THIS
PAGE
HAS
BEEN
INTENTIONALLY
LEFT
BLANK
PREFACE
AND
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The
Omega
Psi
Phi
Fraternity,
Inc.
is
committed
to
the
idea
that
selecting
and
educating
men
for
future
service
can
be
accomplished
best
by
a
uniform
intake
process.
Therefore,
any
activities
which
conflict
with
the
program
presented
by
the
Regional
Intake
Team
are
expressly
prohibited.
Also,
please
note
that
there
is
no
reference
to
pledging
as
a
concept
or
practice
in
this
guide.
“Pledging”
was
abolished
by
the
Omega
Psi
Phi
Fraternity
in
1985.
As
you
prepare
for
a
basic
understanding
of
the
history
and
progress
of
the
Omega
Psi
Phi
Fraternity,
Inc.,
it
is
anticipated
that
you
will
review
this
material
carefully
in
preparation
for
passing
an
examination
required
of
all
applicants
for
membership.
The
study
guide
is
not
intended
to
serve
as
an
official
history
of
the
Omega
Psi
Phi
Fraternity.
It
is
a
selected
compilation
of
essential
information
found
in
the
two
official
history
books
authored
by
Herman
Dreer
and
Robert
L.
Gill,
copies
of
the
Oracle
(1962-
1985),
the
personal
files
of
Edward
J.
Braynon,
Jr.
and
data
contained
at
the
International
Headquarters.
This
document
is
intended
to
serve
as
a
convenient
source
of
basic
information
for
you
as
an
applicant
for
membership.
The
History
of
the
Omega
Psi
Phi
Fraternity,
1911-1939,
by
Herman
Dreer,
and
The
History
of
the
Omega
Psi
Phi
Fraternity,
Inc.,
1911
–
1961
by
Robert
L.
Gill
should
be
read
whenever
the
books
are
available.
special
acknowledgement
and
tremendous
appreciation
are
extended
to
Brother
Edward
J.
Brayton,
Jr.,
Past
Grand
Basileus,
for
authoring
the
original
version
of
this
summary
history.
S.
Earl
Wilson
Executive
Director
May
2002
2002
Revised
Edition
INTRODUCTION
Phi
Beta
Kappa,
the
first
American
college
fraternity,
was
organized
on
the
campus
of
the
College
of
William
and
Mary
in
1776.
Men
and
women
are
members
of
this
honorary
scholarship
society.
Greek-lettered
fraternities
and
sororities
have
played
a
major
role
in
American
college
life
since
1776.
Black
college
fraternities
and
sororities
did
not
emerge
until
the
early
1900s.
Unlike
their
white
counterparts,
the
black
groups
have
played
a
major
role
in
the
cultural,
social,
and
civic
life
of
their
communities.
The
member
organizations
of
the
National
Pan-Hellenic
Council
are:
Alpha
Kappa
Alpha
Sorority,
Howard
University,
1908
Delta
Sigma
Theta
Sorority,
Howard
University,
1913
Sigma
Gamma
Rho
Sorority,
Butler
University,
1922
Zeta
Phi
Beta
Sorority,
Howard
University,
1920
Alpha
Phi
Alpha
Fraternity,
Cornell
University,
1906
Kappa
Alpha
Psi
Fraternity,
Indiana
University,
1911
Phi
Beta
Sigma
Fraternity,
Howard
University,
1914
Iota
Phi
Theta
Fraternity,
Morgan
State
University,
1963
Omega
Psi
Phi
Fraternity,
Howard
University,
1911
THE
BIRTH
OF
OMEGA
On
Friday
evening,
November
17,
1911,
three
Howard
University
undergraduate
students,
with
the
assistance
of
their
faculty
advisor,
gave
birth
to
the
Omega
Psi
Phi
Fraternity.
This
event
occurred
in
the
office
of
biology
professor
Ernest
E.
Just,
the
faculty
advisor.
The
three
liberal
arts
students
were
Edgar
A.
Love,
Oscar
J.
Cooper,
and
Frank
Coleman.
From
the
initials
of
the
Greek
phrase
meaning
“Friendship
is
essential
to
the
soul,”
the
name
Omega
Psi
Phi
was
derived.
The
phrase
was
selected
as
the
motto.
Manhood,
scholarship,
perseverance,
and
uplift
were
adopted
as
cardinal
principles.
A
decision
was
made
regarding
the
design
for
the
pin
and
emblem,
and
thus
ended
the
first
meeting
of
the
Omega
Psi
Phi
Fraternity.
The
next
meeting
was
conducted
on
November
23,
1911.
Edgar
A.
Love
became
the
first
Grand
Basileus
(National
President).
Cooper
and
Coleman
were
selected
as
Grand
Keeper
of
Records
(National
Secretary)
and
Grand
Keeper
of
Seals
(National
Treasurer),
respectively.
Eleven
Howard
University
undergraduate
men
were
selected
as
charter
members.
Alpha
Chapter
was
organized
with
fourteen
charter
members
on
December
15,
1911.
Love,
Cooper,
and
Coleman
were
elected
the
chapter’s
first
Basileus,
Keeper
of
Records,
and
Keeper
of
Seals,
respectively.
On
March
8,
1912,
the
previously
submitted
fraternity
constitution
was
rejected
by
Howard
University.
The
fraternity
was
authorized
to
function
as
a
local,
but
not
a
national
organization.
The
fraternity
refused
acceptance
as
a
strictly
local
organization.
Oscar
Cooper
became
the
fraternity’s
second
Grand
Basileus
in
1912.
Cooper
authorized
the
investigation
of
a
proposed
second
chapter
at
Lincoln
University
in
Pennsylvania.
Edgar
Love
was
elected
as
the
third
Grand
Basileus
in
1912
and
served
until
1915.
In
1914,
Howard
University
withdrew
its
opposition,
and
the
Omega
Psi
Phi
Fraternity
was
incorporated
under
the
laws
of
the
District
of
Columbia
on
October
28,
1914.
Beta
Chapter
at
Lincoln
University
was
chartered
in
February
1914.
George
E.
Hall,
the
fourth
Grand
Basileus,
had
been
initiated
at
Alpha
Chapter
in
1914.
Grand
Basileus
Hall
authorized
the
establishment
of
Gamma
Chapter
in
Boston,
Massachusetts.
However,
the
chapter
was
eventually
established
during
the
administration
of
the
fifth
Grand
Basileus,
James
C.
McMorries.
During
the
administration
of
the
sixth
Grand
Basileus,
Clarence
F.
Holmes,
the
fraternity’s
first
official
hymn,
“Omega
Men
Draw
Nigh,”
was
written
by
Otto
Bohannon.
Raymond
G.
Robinson,
the
seventh
Grand
Basileus,
established
Delta
Chapter
in
Nashville,
Tennessee
in
1919.
Robinson
left
office
in
1920
with
a
total
of
ten
chapters
in
operation.
Stanley
Douglass
served
as
editor
of
the
first
Oracle
published
in
the
spring
of
1919.
Harold
K.
Thomas,
the
eighth
Grand
Basileus,
was
elected
at
the
1920
Nashville
Grand
Conclave.
It
was
at
this
Grand
Conclave
that
Dr.
Carter
G.
Woodson
inspired
the
establishment
of
National
Achievement
Week
to
promote
the
study
of
Negro
life
and
history.
The
1921
Atlanta
Grand
Conclave
brought
to
an
end
the
first
decade
of
the
Omega
Psi
Phi
Fraternity.
INTERNAL
GROWTH
In
1922,
Grand
Basileus
J.
Alston
Atkins
appointed
the
first
District
Representatives.
Today,
there
are
twelve
such
officers
who
are
elected
annually
by
the
district
conferences/meetings.
In
1922,
the
office
of
Vice
Grand
Basileus
was
created.
The
Grand
Keeper
of
Records
became
the
Grand
Keeper
of
Records
and
Seal.
The
first
Omega
Bulletin
was
published
in
1928.
Campbell
C.
Johnson
was
the
editor.
“Omega
Dear”
was
adopted
as
the
official
hymn
in
1931.
Two
faculty
members
from
Howard
University,
Charles
R.
Drew
and
Mercer
Cook,
professor
of
languages,
were
the
composers.
Cook
wrote
the
music
and
first
stanza;
Drew
wrote
the
last
two
stanzas.
THE
FORTIES
The
Omega
“Sweetheart
Song,”
with
words
and
music
by
Don
Q.
Pullen,
was
adopted
as
the
official
sweetheart
song
by
the
1940
Nashville
Grand
Conclave.
Founder
Ernest
E.
Just
entered
Omega
Chapter
in
1941.
In
1941,
Dr.
Charles
Drew
perfected
the
use
of
blood
plasma
as
a
lifesaving
tool.
This
work
earned
him
the
prestigious
Spingarn
Medal
from
the
NAACP
in
1944.
William
Hastie
resigned
as
Civilian
Aide
to
the
Secretary
of
War
in
protest
against
discrimination
in
the
Armed
Forces.
He
was
later
appointed
Governor
of
the
Virgin
Islands
by
President
Truman.
In
1949,
the
first
National
Headquarters
Building
at
107
Rhode
Island
Avenue,
N.W.,
Washington
D.C.
was
purchased.
H.
Carl
Moultrie
was
selected
to
serve
as
the
first
National
Executive
Secretary.
In
1949,
the
scholarship
fund
was
renamed
the
Charles
R.
Drew
Memorial
Scholarship
Fund.
THE
FIFTIES
During
this
era,
the
thrust
was
social
change.
Thousands
of
Omega
men
in
every
area
of
the
country
were
actively
involved
in
the
fight
to
eliminate
racial
discrimination.
An
entire
book
could
be
written
about
this
phase
of
Omega
activities.
The
1955
Los
Angeles
Grand
Conclave
initiated
a
program
whereby
each
graduate
chapter
would
purchase
a
Life
Membership
from
the
NAACP.
Between
1955
and
1959,
chapters
contributed
nearly
$40,000
to
the
NAACP.
In
the
fifties,
Omega
Psi
Phi
took
an
official
position
against
hazing
as
a
fraternity
activity.
This
anti-hazing
position
remains
in
effect
today,
and
the
policy
banning
hazing
has
been
strengthened.
THE
SIXTIES
The
struggle
for
social
justice
shifted
into
high
gear.
Brothers
were
active
participants
in
the
“sit-ins”
and
other
demonstrations
designed
to
call
attention
to
the
discrimination
that
existed
within
the
country.
Brothers
were
actively
involved
in
the
demonstration
aspect
of
the
civil
rights
struggle.
In
1961,
the
Washington,
D.C.
Grand
Conclave
did
an
excellent
job
of
highlighting
the
fifty
years
of
accomplishment
by
Omega.
Brothers
attended
the
1961
Golden
Anniversary
Conclave
in
record
numbers.
Founders
Love,
Cooper,
and
Coleman
were
present.
Thirteen
of
twenty-three
former
Grand
Basilei
were
in
attendance.
Young
brothers
had
the
once-in-a-lifetime
opportunity
to
mingle
with
some
of
the
greatest
black
men
that
America
had
produced.
The
Golden
Anniversary
Conclave
authorized
$140,000
-
$150,000
for
the
construction
of
a
new
National
Headquarters
Building
in
Washington,
D.C.
In
1964,
the
new
National
Headquarters
Building
was
dedicated.
The
building
was
a
dream
come
true
and
was
the
first
building
of
its
type
built
by
a
black
fraternity.
Founders
Love,
Cooper,
and
Coleman
participated
in
the
ceremonies.
The
name
was
later
changed
to
the
International
Headquarters.
It
is
located
at
2714
Georgia
Avenue,
N.W.,
Washington,
D.C.
In
1966,
Robert
H.
Lawrence
was
selected
as
the
first
Black
to
serve
in
the
astronaut
program.
Lawrence
had
earned
a
Ph.D.
degree
in
chemistry
at
Ohio
State
University.
Founder
Frank
Coleman
entered
Omega
Chapter
in
1967.
The
1968
Charlotte
Grand
Conclave
mandated
a
constitutional
convention
for
the
revision
of
the
Constitution
and
By-Laws
as
well
as
the
Ritual.
The
constitutional
convention
was
held
in
Atlanta,
GA
in
1969.
THE
SEVENTIES
The
newly
revised
Constitution
and
By-Laws
and
the
Ritual
became
effective
at
the
close
of
the
1970
Pittsburgh
Grand
Conclave.
H.
Carl
Moultrie
I,
Omega’s
only
National
Executive
Secretary
to
this
point,
was
appointed
as
a
judge
to
the
Superior
Court
of
Washington,
D.C.
in
1972.
Moultrie’s
resignation
was
accepted
with
regrets.
Omega
conferred
upon
Moultrie
the
title
of
National
Executive
Secretary
Emeritus,
which
was
later
changed
to
Executive
Secretary
Emeritus.
The
seventies
brought
more
unpleasant
news.
Founder
Oscar
J.
Cooper
entered
Omega
Chapter
in
1972.
In
1974,
Edgar
A
Love,
the
only
surviving
founder,
entered
Omega
Chapter.
In
December
1974
the
56th
Grand
Conclave
was
held
in
Phoenix,
Arizona.
The
56th
Grand
Conclave,
upon
recommendation
by
the
Supreme
Council,
authorized
an
expenditure
of
$15,000
to
erect
a
permanent
monument
to
the
four
Founders
of
the
Fraternity.
Two
architecture
students
at
Howard
University,
both
of
whom
were
members
of
Alpha
Chapter,
submitted
sketches.
The
sketch
submitted
by
Sampson
P.
Boozer
was
selected.
Frank
B.
“Frankie
P”
Patterson,
Chairman
of
the
Founders
Monument
Committee,
orchestrated,
through
the
Supreme
Council,
the
construction
of
the
monument.
The
foundation
was
laid
and
the
monument
shipped
and
installed
on
the
campus
of
Howard
University
on
September
15,
1975.
On
Sunday,
November
16,
1975,
thousands
of
Omega
men,
their
families,
the
families
of
the
Founders,
and
many
friends
gathered
in
front
of
Thirkield
Hall
for
the
unveiling
and
dedication
of
the
18
ton
granite
monument.
revived
Life
Membership
Program
resulted
in
a
very
large
number
of
new
Life
Members.
The
1976
Atlanta
Grand
Conclave
was
the
largest
in
the
history
of
the
fraternity
up
to
that
point
in
time.
Many
new
undergraduate
chapters
were
chartered
because
of
the
increased
enrollment
of
black
students
and
previously
all-white
colleges
and
universities.
“Operation
Big
Vote”
was
successful
in
getting
thousands
of
black
people
to
vote
in
the
1976
election.
Many
Omegas
were
active
participants.
The
1979
Denver
Grand
Conclave
made
a
commitment
to
contribute
a
minimum
of
$250,000
to
the
United
Negro
College
Fund
over
the
next
few
years.
THE
EIGHTIES
AND
NINETIES
In
1981,
the
Omega
Psi
Phi
Fraternity
endowed
its
first
Omega
Faculty
Chair.
Rust
College,
Holly
Springs,
Mississippi,
was
the
recipient.
President
W.
A.
McMillan
stated
that
the
Chair
would
be
used
to
promote
the
humanities.
The
fraternity
completed
its
$250,000
contribution
to
the
United
Negro
College
Fund,
and
organization
under
the
direction
of
Christopher
Edley.
The
fraternity
approved
a
plan
to
continue
the
annual
gift
of
$50,000
to
that
organization
in
perpetuity.
The
fraternity
accelerated
its
financial
support
to
the
National
Urban
League.
Mr.
John
Jacobs,
Executive
Director
of
the
National
Urban
League,
participated
in
Grand
Conclaves
on
a
regular
basis.
Jesse
Jackson,
former
president
of
Operation
P.U.S.H.,
and
founder
of
the
Rainbow
Coalition,
attended
Grand
Conclaves
on
a
regular
basis
and
received
support
for
these
organizations
as
well
as
for
his
1984
and
1988
campaigns
for
the
presidency
of
the
United
States.
The
75th
Anniversary
Grand
Conclave
celebration
was
deemed
to
be
the
single
most
significant
event
on
Omega’s
horizon.
The
dates
selected
were
July
25-August
1,
1986
in
Washington,
D.C.,
the
city
of
Omega’s
birth.
It
was
the
largest
Conclave
ever.
Grand
Basileus
Moses
C.
Norman,
Sr.,
elected
at
the
1984
Louisville
Grand
Conclave,
appointed
a
committee
to
review
the
structure
and
operations
of
of
the
fraternity
as
a
means
of
future
focus.
In
1984,
John
S.
Epps
was
selected
as
only
the
fifth
Omega
Man
to
wear
the
title
of
Executive
Secretary.
In
1990,
the
title
was
changed
to
Executive
Director.
Two
revised
methods
of
bringing
members
into
the
fraternity
were
approved
by
the
organization.
Pledging
was
abolished
and
the
new
Membership
Selection
and
Education
Program
came
into
being
on
August
1,
1985.
In
April,
1991,
the
new
Membership
Intake
Program
was
implemented.
Initial
plans
were
begun
for
the
writing
of
an
updated
history
of
the
Omega
Psi
Phi
Fraternity,
Inc.
H.
Carl
Moultrie,
I,
Executive
Secretary
Emeritus
and
Ronald
E.
McNair,
noted
astronaut,
entered
Omega
Chapter.
Don
Q.
Pullen
and
W.
Mercer
Cook
also
entered
Omega
Chapter.
C.
Tyrone
Gilmore,
Sr.
became
the
34th
Grand
Basileus
in
June
1990.
Under
his
leadership,
a
site
for
a
new
World
Center
and
International
Headquarters
in
Decatur,
Georgia
was
identified.
Also,
the
complete
structure
was
revamped
and
the
International
Chapters
were
transformed
into
the
thirteenth
district.
Dorsey
C.
Miller,
Jr.
was
chosen
as
the
35th
Grand
Basileus
at
the
Cleveland
Grand
Conclave
in
1994.
Miller’s
administration
was
responsible
for
closing
the
sale
in
regard
to
the
acquisition
of
the
new
property,
located
at
3951
Snapfinger
Parkway,
Decatur,
Gerogia
30035,
and
the
disposition
of
the
property
located
at
2714
Georgia
Avenue,
N.W.,
Washington,
D.C.
The
Georgia
Avenue
location
had
served
as
the
headquarters
of
the
fraternity
for
thirty-one
years.
Lloyd
J.
Jordan,
Esq.
became
the
36th
Grand
Basileus
in
1998
at
the
70th
Grand
Conclave
in
New
Orleans,
Louisiana.
Jordan’s
administration
was
instrumental
in
combating
litigations
as
a
result
of
illegal
hazing
activities,
thus
keeping
the
fraternity’s
infrastructure
in
tact.
June
1,
2000,
Sylvester
Earl
Wilson
began
his
tenure
as
the
Executive
Director.
THE
NEW
MILLENIUM
George
Grace
became
the
37th
Grand
Basileus
in
2002
at
the
72nd
Grand
Conclave
in
Charlotte,
NC.
Grace’s
administration
was
responsible
for
setting
the
fraternity
on
a
course
of
financial
solvency
through
its
theme
of
economic
empowerment
for
social
and
political
change.
Warren
Lee
became
the
38th
Grand
Basileus
in
2006
at
the
74th
Grand
Conclave
in
Little
Rock,
AR.
Lee’s
administration
fostered
a
new
era
in
Omega
in
terms
of
visionary
leadership
and
aligning
the
fraternity’s
programs
with
a
singular
point
of
focus.
Lee
also
undertook
efforts
to
reorganize
the
fraternity’s
structure
and
to
recalibrate
Omega’s
relationships
with
her
affiliate
organizations.
Dr.
Andrew
Ray
became
the
39th
Grand
Basileus
in
2010
at
the
76th
Grand
Conclave
in
Raleigh,
NC.
Brother
Ray’s
administration
ushered
in
the
100th
anniversary
of
this
illustrious
organization
with
a
Centennial
Celebration
in
Washington,
D.C.
in
July
of
2011.
Dr.
Ray’s
administration
took
bold
steps
to
perpetuate
the
fraternity’s
undergraduate
presence
by
seeding
undergraduate
endowments
at:
Alpha
Chapter
(Howard
University),
Beta
Chapter
(Lincoln
University),
Eta
Gamma
Chapter
(Central
State
University),
Beta
Sigma
Chapter
(Southern
University),
Tau
Epsilon
Chapter
(Texas
Southern
University),
Rho
Psi
Chapter
(Tennessee
State
University),
Phi
Psi
Chapter
(Langston
University),
Beta
Gamma
Chapter
(Cheyney
University),
Gamma
Epsilon
Chapter
(Hampton
University),
and
Mu
Psi
Chapter
(North
Carolina
A&T
University).
Antonio
Knox
became
the
40th
Grand
Basileus
in
2014
at
the
79th
Grand
Conclave
in
Philadelphia,
PA.
Bro.
Knox’s
administration
continues
the
long
legacy
of
Manhood,
Scholarship,
Perseverance,
and
Uplift
established
by
his
predecessors
and
our
Founders.
Omega
has
continued
to
flourish
largely
because
Founders
Love,
Cooper,
Coleman,
and
Just
were
men
of
the
very
highest
ideals
and
intellect.
The
Founders
selected
and
attracted
men
of
similar
ideals
and
characteristics.
It
is
not
by
accident
that
many
of
America’s
greatest
black
men
are/were
Omega
men.
To
this
date,
there
are
very
few
Americans
whose
lives
have
not
been
touched
by
a
member
of
the
Omega
Psi
Phi
Fraternity.
Omega
has
a
rich
heritage
to
be
protected,
celebrated,
and
enhanced.
APPENDIX
I
Founders
Dr.
Ernest
E.
Just
(1883-1941)
Ernest
E.
Just
was
born
in
Charleston,
South
Carolina.
Graduated
from
the
Industrial
School
of
the
State
College,
Orangeburg,
South
Carolina.
Kimball
Union
Academy,
Meriden,
New
Hampshire
Bachelor
of
Arts
Degree,
Dartmouth
College
(Phi
Beta
Kappa)
Doctor
of
Philosophy
Degree,
University
of
Chicago
Awarded
the
Spingarn
Medal
by
the
NAACP,
1915
Professor
Frank
Coleman
(1890-1967)
Frank
Coleman
was
born
in
Washington,
D.C.
Graduated
from
the
M
Street
High
School,
Washington,
D.C.
Bachelor
of
Science
Degree,
Howard
University,
1913
Master
of
Science
Degree,
University
of
Chicago
Advanced
Training,
University
of
Pennsylvania
Professor
and
head
of
the
Physics
Department,
Howard
University
U.S.
Army
Officer,
World
War
I
Dr.
Oscar
J.
Cooper
(1888-1972)
Oscar
J.
Cooper
was
born
in
Washington,
D.C.
Graduated
from
the
M
Street
High
School,
Washington,
D.C.
Bachelor
of
Science
Degree,
Howard
University,
1913
Doctor
of
Medicine
Degree,
Howard
University,
1917
Practiced
medicine
in
Philadelphia,
PA
for
50
years
Bishop
Edgar
A.
Love
(1891-1974)
Edgar
A.
Love
was
born
in
Virginia
Graduated
from
the
Academy
of
Morgan
College
Bachelor
of
Arts
Degree,
Howard
University,
1913
Bachelor
of
Sacred
Theology
Degree,
Howard
University,
1916
Bachelor
of
Divinity
Degree,
Boston
University,
1918
Doctor
of
Divinity
Degree
(Honorary),
Morgan
College,
1935
U.S.
Army
Chaplain,
World
War
II
Bishop,
Methodist
Church
APPENDIX
II
GRAND
BASILEI
NAME
Edgar
A.
Love
Oscar
J.
Cooper
Edgar
A.
Love
*
George
A.
Hall
James
C.
McMorries
Clarence
F.
Holmes
Raymond
G.
Robinson
Harold
H.
Thomas
J.
Alston
Atkins
John
W.
Love
George
E.
Vaughn
Julius
S.
McClain
Matthew
W.
Bullock
Lawrence
A.
Oxley
William
E.
Baugh
Albert
W.
Dent
Z.
Alexander
Looby
Campbell
C.
Johnson
Harry
T.
Penn
Milo
C.
Murray
Grant
Reynolds
John
F.
Potts
Herbert
E.
Tucker,
Jr.
I.
Gregory
Newton
Cary
D.
Jacobs
George
E.
Meares
Ellis
F.
Corbett
James
A.
Avery
Marion
W.
Garnett
Edward
J.
Braynon,
Jr.
Burnel
E.
Coulon
L.
Benjamin
Livingston
Moses
C.
Norman,
Sr.
C.
Tyrone
Gillmore,
Sr.
Dorsey
C.
Miller
Lloyd
J.
Jordan,
Esq.
George
H.
Grace
Warren
G.
Lee
Andrew
Ray
Antonio
Knox
Elected
to
position
for
a
second
time.
TERM
OF
OFFICE
1911-1912
1912-1913
1913-1915
1915-1916
1916-1917
1917-1918
1918-1920
1920-1921
1921-1924
1924-1924
1924-1926
1926-1929
1929-1932
1932-1935
1935-1937
1937-1940
1940-1945
1945-1947
1947-1949
1949-1951
1951-1953
1953-1955
1955-1958
1958-1961
1961-1964
1964-1967
1967-1970
1970-1973
1973-1976
1976-1979
1979-1982
1982-1984
1984-1990
1990-1994
1994-1998
1998-2002
2002-2006
2006-2010
2010-2014
2014-Present
Deceased
Deceased
Deceased
Deceased
Deceased
Deceased
Deceased
Deceased
Deceased
Deceased
Deceased
Deceased
Deceased
Deceased
Deceased
Deceased
Deceased
Deceased
Deceased
Deceased
Deceased
Deceased
Deceased
Deceased
Deceased
Deceased
Deceased
Deceased
Deceased
Deceased
APPENDIX
III
GRAND
CONCLAVES
No.
Conclave
City
Year
No.
Conclave
City
Year
1st
Washington,
D.C.
1912
42nd
Baltimore,
MD
1956
2nd
Washington,
D.C.
1913
43rd
St.
Louis,
MO
1957
3rd
Washington,
D.C.
1914
44th
Cleveland,
OH
1958
4th
Oxford,
PA
1915
45th
New
York,
NY
1959
5th
Washington,
D.C.
1916
46th
San
Antonio,
TX
1960
6th
7th
Oxford,
PA
Washington,
D.C.
1917
1918
47th
Washington,
D.C.
(50th
Anniversary)
1961
8th
Boston,
MA
1919
48th
Indianapolis,
IN
1962
9th
Nashville,
TN
1920
49th
Denver,
CO
1964
10th
Atlanta,
GA
1921
50th
Detroit,
MI
1965
11th
Philadelphia,
PA
1922
51st
Boston,
MA
1967
12th
St.
Louis,
MO
1923
52nd
Charlotte,
NC
1968
13th
Washington,
D.C.
1924
53rd
Pittsburgh,
PA
1970
14th
Tuskegee,
AL
1925
54th
Houston,
TX
1971
15th
Chicago,
IL
1926
55th
St.
Louis,
MO
1973
16th
New
York,
NY
1927
56th
Phoenix,
AZ
1974
17th
Indianapolis,
IN
1928
57th
Atlanta,
GA
1976
18th
Baltimore,
MD
1929
58th
New
Orleans,
LA
1977
19th
Detroit,
MI
1931
59th
Denver,
CO
1979
20th
Richmond,
VA
1932
60th
San
Francisco,
CA
1980
21st
Durham,
NC
1933
61st
Miami,
FL
1982
22nd
St.
Louis,
MO
1934
62nd
Kansas
City,
KS
1983
23rd
Atlanta,
GA
1935
63rd
Louisville,
KY
1984
24th
25th
Philadelphia,
PA
Cleveland,
OH
1936
1937
64th
Washington,
D.C.
(75th
Anniversary)
1986
26th
Chicago,
IL
1938
65th
Dallas,
TX
1988
27th
New
York,
NY
1939
66th
Detroit,
MI
1990
28th
Nashville,
TN
1940
67th
Atlanta,
GA
1992
29th
Indianapolis,
IN
1941
68th
Cleveland,
OH
1994
30th
Little
Rock,
AR
1944
69th
Los
Angeles,
CA
1996
31st
Washington,
D.C.
1945
70th
New
Orleans,
LA
1998
32nd
Fort
Worth,
TX
1946
71st
Indianapolis,
IN
2000
33rd
Detroit,
MI
1947
72nd
Charlotte,
NC
2002
34th
Columbus,
OH
1948
73rd
St.
Louis,
MO
2004
35th
Chicago,
IL
1949
74th
Little
Rock,
AR
2006
36th
37th
38th
39th
Boston,
MA
Miami,
FL
Philadelphia,
PA
Cincinnati,
OH
1950
1951
1952
1953
75th
76th
77th
Birmingham,
AL
Raleigh,
NC
Washington,
D.C.
(100th
Anniversary)
2008
2010
2011
40th
41st
Atlanta,
GA
Los
Angeles,
CA
1954
1955
78th
79th
80th
Minneapolis,
MN
Philadelphia,
PA
Las
Vegas,
NV
2012
2014
2016
No
conclaves
in
1930,
1942,
and
1943.
From
1962-1986,
Conclaves
were
scheduled
every
18
months
(except
for
1983).
After
1986,
Conclaves
were
scheduled
every
2
years.
APPENDIX
IV
HISTORICALLY
&
PREDOMINANTLY
BLACK
COLLEGE
AND
UNIVERSITY
PRESIDENTS
Clafin
College
Dr.
Henry
N.
Tisdale
Edward
Waters
College
Dr.
Jimmy
R.
Jenkins,
Sr.
Enterprise
State
Jr.
College
Dr.
Stafford
L.
Thompson,
Sr.
Grambling
State
University
Dr.
Steve
Favor
Hampton
University
Dr.
William
R.
Harvey
Howard
University
Dr.
H.
Patrick
Swgert
Kentucky
State
University
Dr.
George
W.
Reid
Lincoln
University
of
Pennsylvania
Dr.
Ivory
V.
Nelson
Meharry
Medical
College
Dr.
John
E.
Maupin,
Jr.
Morehouse
College
Dr.
Walter
E.
Massey
Morris
College
Dr.
Luns
C.
Richardson
Rust
College
Dr.
David
L.
Beckley
Sojourner-Davis
College
Dr.
Charles
W.
Simmons
Tennessee
State
University
Dr.
James
A.
Hefner
University
of
Arkansas
at
Pine
Bluff
Dr.
Lawrence
A.
Davis,
Jr.
Virginia
State
University
Dr.
Eddie
N.
Moore,
Jr.
Wiley
College
Dr.
Haywood
Strickland
APPENDIX
V
INTERNATIONALLY
MANDATED
PROGRAMS
ACHIEVEMENT
WEEK
-
Originally
designed
to
promote
the
study
of
Negro
life
and
history.
Achievement
Week
is
observed
in
November
of
each
year
and
is
designed
to
seek
out
and
give
due
recognition
to
those
individuals
at
the
local
and
international
levels
who
have
made
a
noteworthy
contribution
toward
improving
the
quality
of
life
for
black
Americans.
A
High
School
Essay
Contest
is
to
be
held
in
conjunction
with
Achievement
Week.
This
contest
is
open
to
all
college-bound
high
school
seniors.
College
scholarships
are
awarded
to
the
winners,
each
of
whom
must
submit
an
essay
on
a
theme/topic
chosen
by
the
fraternity.
This
contest
is
a
phase
of
the
International
Achievement
Week
observance.
SCHOLARSHIP
-
The
Scholarship
Program
is
intended
to
promote
academic
excellence
among
the
undergraduate
members.
Graduate
chapters
are
expected
to
provide
financial
assistance
to
student
members
and
non-members.
A
portion
of
the
fraternity’s
international
budget
is
allocated
to
scholarships
through
the
Charles
R.
Drew
Scholarship
Commission.
SOCIAL
ACTION
PROGRAMS
-
All
levels
of
the
fraternity
are
expected
to
facilitate,
participate
and
coordinate
activities
that
will
uplift
their
communities.
An
international
committee
will
coordinate
the
multifaceted
programs
of
the
various
chapters.
Some
of
the
activities
under
the
umbrella
of
social
action
include,
but
are
not
limited
to:
voter
registration,
education
and
“getting
out
the
vote”;
Assault
on
Illiteracy;
Habitat
for
Humanity;
volunteering
time
to
charities
and
less
fortunate
individuals;
mentoring;
and
participation
in
fundraisers
for
charities
such
as
American
Diabetes
Association,
United
Way,
Sickle
Cell
Anemia,
etc.
TALENT
HUNT
PROGRAM
-
This
program
provides
exposure,
encouragement
and
financial
assistance
to
talented
young
people
participating
in
the
Performing
Arts.
Winners
of
the
competition
are
awarded
recognition
for
their
talents.
Awards
may
include
college
scholarships.
MEMORIAL
SERVICE
-
March
12th
of
each
year
has
been
established
as
Memorial
Day.
Chapters
are
expected
to
conduct
an
appropriate
service
to
recall
the
memory
of
those
members
who
have
entered
into
Omega
Chapter.
RECLAMATION
AND
RETENTION
-
A
concerted
effort
at
the
international,
district
and
local
levels
to
retain
active
brothers
and
return
inactive
brothers
to
full
participatory
status
so
that
they
may
enjoy
the
full
benefits
of
Omega.
COLLEGE
ENDOWMENT
FUND
-
Each
year
the
fraternity
gives
at
least
$50,000.00
to
Historically
Black
College
Institutions
(HBCU)
in
furtherance
of
Omega’s
commitment
to
provide
philanthropic
support.
Chapters
are
assessed
donations
based
on
chapter
size.
HEALTH
INITIATIVES
-
All
levels
of
the
fraternity
are
expected
to
facilitate,
participate
and/or
coordinate
activities
that
will
uplift
their
communities
by
promoting
good
health
practices.
An
international
committee
will
coordinate
and
facilitate
multifaceted
programs
of
the
various
chapters,
districts,
etc.
It
is
anticipated
that
all
local
chapters
will
execute
the
health
directives
at
the
local
level.
Some
of
the
programs
under
the
umbrella
of
Health
Initiatives
are
the
Charles
Drew
Blood
Drive
(normally
held
in
June),
AIDS/HIV
Awareness,
and
the
American
Diabetes
Association
Partnership.
This
does
not
prevent
the
local
chapters
from
performing
additional
health
initiatives
under
the
umbrella
of
the
Health
Initiatives
mandate.
VOTER
REGISTRATION,
EDUCATION
AND
MOBILIZATION
-
All
levels
of
the
fraternity
are
expected
to
facilitate,
participate
and/or
coordinate
activities
that
will
uplift
their
communities
through
the
power
of
the
vote.
An
international
committee
will
coordinate
and
facilitate
multifaceted
programs
of
the
various
chapters,
districts,
etc.
It
is
anticipated
that
all
local
chapters
will
execute
the
directives
at
the
local
level.
This
does
not
prevent
the
local
chapters
from
performing
additional
voter
initiatives
under
the
umbrella
of
the
Voter
Education,
Registration
and
Mobilization
mandate.
NAACP
-
Every
district
and
chapter
of
the
fraternity
is
required
to
maintain
a
Life
Membership
at
Large
in
the
NAACP.
In
the
event
that
a
chapter
or
district
is
not
a
life
member
of
the
NAACP,
it
must
maintain
a
yearly
membership
to
be
in
could
standing
with
the
fraternity.
Furthermore,
all
members
of
the
fraternity
are
strongly
encouraged
to
become
members
of
the
NAACP.
(Chapters
are
required
to
administer
these
programs
annually.)
APPENDIX
VI
NOTABLE
OMEGA
MEN
These
are
but
a
few
of
the
many
representatives
of
whom
Omega
is
proud.
ARTS/ENTRTAINMENT
Langston
Hughes
Sterling
Brown
Roland
Hayes
William
(Count)
Basie
Don
Q.
Pullen
Moses
Gunn
Charles
Byrd
William
H.
(Bill)
Cosby
Steve
Harvey
Tom
Joyner
Wanya
Morris
Maxwell
Leonard
Roach
Rickey
Smiley
Joe
Torey
The
Black
Poet
laureate,
excelled
as
a
poet,
playwright,
novelist,
lyricist,
and
humorist.
Teacher,
poet,
writer,
Professor
Emeritus
of
Literature
at
Howard
University,
has
a
special
foundation
for
folk
culture
and
jazz
music.
Internationally
known
tenor
of
the
1920s.
Hayes
sang
in
five
different
languages.
Internationally
known
pianist,
composer,
arranger,
and
band
leader.
Pianist
and
composer;
composed
the
“Sweetheart
Song”
of
the
Omega
Psi
Phi
Fraternity,
Inc.
Actor
of
stage
and
screen.
Actor
TV,
Film,
Comedian
TV,
Comedian
Radio
host
Singer
–
Boyz
II
Men
Jazz
musician
TV,
Comedian
TV,
Comedian
CIVIL
RIGHTS
Grant
Reynolds
James
Nabrit
Wiley
Branton
Roy
Wilkins
Benjamin
Hooks
Played
a
major
role
in
President
Truman’s
1948
decision
to
desegregate
the
United
States
Armed
Forces.
Former
Dean
of
the
Howard
University
Law
School
and
former
president
of
Howard
University.
A
leader
in
the
training
of
the
early
civil
rights
lawyers.
Attorney
for
the
“Little
Rock
Nine”
and
former
Dean
of
the
Howard
University
School
of
Law.
Long-time
Executive
Director
of
the
NAACP.
Succeeded
Roy
Wilkins
as
Executive
Director
of
the
NAACP.
Hooks
retired
in
1992.
Vernon
Jordan
Jesse
Jackson
Fred
Gray
Noted
attorney
and
former
Executive
Director
of
the
National
Urban
League.
Former
Director
of
Operation
P.U.S.H.;
Founder,
National
Rainbow
Coalition.
Attorney
for
Rosa
Parks
and
the
Montgomery,
AL
Improvement
Association.
EDUCATION
Carter
G.
Woodson
Benjamin
Mayes
Herman
Dreer
The
earliest
and
most
outspoken
proponent
for
the
study
of
Black
History.
President
Emeritus
of
Morehouse
College,
writer
and
lecturer
Teacher,
minister,
writer,
and
author
of
the
History
of
the
Omega
Psi
Phi
Fraternity,
Inc.,
1911-1961.
GOVERNMENT
&
POLITICS
William
Hastie
George
L.
P.
Weaver
Robert
C.
Weaver
Clifford
L.
Alexander,
Jr.
Jesse
Jackson
Lawrence
Douglas
Wilder
Thurbert
Baker
Bill
Campbell
James
Clyburn
J.
Gary
Cooper
Roscoe
Robinson
Matthew
Zimmerman
Togo
West
Gerald
Lewis
James,
II
Dr.
Bernard
Kincaid
Ronald
Langston
First
Governor
of
the
Virgin
Islands.
Former
U.S.
Secretary
of
Labor.
Former
U.S.
Secretary
of
Housing
and
Urban
Development
(HUD).
Secretary,
Department
of
the
Army.
Candidate
for
the
United
States
Presidency
in
1984.
Former
Governor
of
the
Commonwealth
of
Virginia.
Georgia
Attorney
General.
Former
mayor,
Atlanta,
GA.
U.S.
Congressman
from
South
Carolina
–
U.S.
House
of
Representatives.
U.S.A.
Ambassador
to
Jamaica.
First
Black
four-star
general
–
U.S.
Army.
Former
Chief
of
Chaplains
–
U.S.
Army.
Former
Secretary
of
the
Army.
Lt.
Governor,
U.S.
Virgin
Islands.
Mayor,
City
of
Birmingham,
AL.
National
Director,
Minority
Business
Development
Agency,
U.S.
Department
of
Commerce.
James
Sharpe
Paul
Stephenson
Robert
Weaver
Kweisi
Mfume
MEDICINE/SCIENCE
Ernest
E.
Just
Charles
R.
Drew
Percy
L.
Julian
Ron
McNair
Frederick
Gregory
Charles
Bolden
Dr.
Warren
Jones
Dr.
David
Satcher
MILITARY
Clifford
L.
Alexander
Jr.
Joe
Ballard
James
E.
Donald
Ernest
Harrell
James
H.
Monroe
William
Russ
Abe
Turner
Kip
Ward
Mayor,
Newark,
NJ.
Mayor
of
Willingboro,
NJ.
Former
U.S.
Secretary
of
Housing
and
Urban
Development
Former
Congressman
and
President
of
the
NAACP
Internally
known
biological
and
professor
at
Howard
University.
Perfected
the
use
of
blood
plasma;
Professor
of
Surgery
at
Howard
University.
Discovered
the
use
of
foam
to
extinguish
fires
and
discovered
a
method
of
producing
cortisone
synthetically.
Astronaut,
graduate
of
North
Carolina
A&T
University,
graduate
of
MIT,
Ph.D.
Astronaut,
graduate
of
the
United
States
Air
Force
Academy
(pilot),
Commander
of
two
Space
Shuttle
Missions
(Space
Shuttle
Discovery
and
Space
Shuttle
Atlantis),
nephew
of
Dr.
Charles
Drew.
Astronaut,
graduate
of
the
United
States
Naval
Academy,
Administrator
of
NASA,
Commander
of
two
Space
Shuttle
missions
(Space
Shuttle
Atlantis
and
Space
Shuttle
Discovery).
President,
American
Academy
of
Family
Physicians.
Former
Surgeon
General
of
the
United
States
of
America.
Former
Secretary
of
the
Army.
Lt.
General,
U.S.
Army
(Ret)
Major
General,
U.S.
Army
Major
General,
U.S.
Army
(Ret)
Major
General,
U.S.
Army
(Ret).
Major
General,
U.S.
Army
Brig.
General,
U.S.
Army
Lt.
General,
U.S.
Army
Togo
West
Former
Secretary
of
the
Army.
BUSINESS/COMMERCE
Gillard
S.
Glover
Nathaniel
Bonner
Albert
Byrd
Gregory
Calhoun
Vergis
Colbert
Howard
Dawson,
Jr.
Thomas
Dortch
Jim
Elam
Tony
Grant
Joseph
W.
Goodloe
Dr.
Ronald
Goldsberry
Earl
S.
Graves,
Sr.
Jesse
Hill
Robert
Holmes
William
J.
Kennedy
III
Byron
Lewis
Edward
Lewis
Therman
McKenzie
T.C.
Newman
Otis
Smith
Isaiah
Tidwell
Dave
Moss
Former
President
of
Afro-American
Life
Insurance
Former
co-owner
of
Bonner
Brothers
Beauty
Supplies
Vice-President,
Xerox
Corporation
Calhoun
Enterprises
Executive
Vice-President
of
Operations,
Miller
Brewing
Co.
Dawson
Management
Company
National
Chairman,
100
Black
Men
of
America
President,
Bellmount
Park
Laboratory;
President,
Omega
Psi
Phi
Fraternity,
Inc.
Credit
Union
Bank
of
America
Former
President,
N.C.
Mutual
Life
Insurance
Co.
Vice-President,
Ford
Motor
Company
CEO,
Black
Enterprise
Magazine
Former
President,
Atlanta
Life
Insurance
Co.
Vice-President,
Alabama
Power
Co.
Former
President,
N.C.
Mutual
Life
Insurance
Co.
CEO,
Uniworld
Group,
Inc.
CEO,
Essence
Communications,
Inc.
CEO,
McKenzie
Chemical
Owner,
Mill
Cove
Golf
Club
General
Counsel,
General
Motors
Corp.
President,
Wachovia
Bank
of
Georgia
Entrepreneur
ATHLETICS
DeHart
Hubbard
Joe
Black
A
University
of
Michigan
sprinter;
was
the
first
Black
person
to
represent
the
United
States
in
the
Olympic
Games
(1924)
An
all-time
great
Brooklyn
Dodger
baseball
pitcher.
In
1952,
he
had
the
lowest
earned
run
average
in
the
major
leagues.
Ray
Armstead,
U.S.
Olympic
Gold
Medalist
Erich
Barnes,
NFL
Eric
Bienemy,
NFL
Clifton
Blanchett,
Pro
Bass
Fisherman
Zach
Crockett,
NFL
Michael
Charles,
NFL
David
Coleman,
NFL
Official
Johnny
Davis,
NFL
Tony
Delk,
NBA
Ken
Dollar,
NFL
Official
Mark
Duper,
NFL
Greg
Favors,
NBA
William
Floyd,
NFL
Irving
Fryar,
NFL
Randy
Fuller,
NFL
William
Fuller,
NFL
Keith
Jackson,
NFL
Ed
“Too
Tall”
Jones,
NFL
Michael
Jordan,
NBA
David
Justice,
MLB
Kevin
Mack,
NFL
Official
Martin
Mayhew,
NFL
Cedric
Maxwell,
NBA
Raleigh
McKenzie,
NFL
Reggie
McKenzie,
NFL
Steve
McNair,
NFL
Alonzo
Mourning,
NBA
Ozzie
Newsom,
NFL
Executive
Shaquille
O’Neal,
NBA
Robert
Pourche,
NFL
Greg
Pruitt,
NFL
Ahmad
Rashad,
NFL,
TV
Dr.
Sanford
Rivers,
NFL
Official
Eddie
Robinson,
NFL
Alvin
Robertson,
NBA
John
Sallay,
NBA,
TV
Al
Smith,
NFL
Ryan
Stewart,
NFL
Andre
Tippett,
NFL
Terrance
Trammell,
U.S.
Olympic
Silver
Medalist
Elston
Turner,
NBA
Assistant
Coach
Shammond
Williams,
NBA
Corliss
Williamson,
NBA
Charlie
Ward,
Jr.,
NBA
Matthew
“Matt”
Snell,
NFL
Maurice
“Mo”
Vaughn,
MLB
Dr.
Leroy
T.
Walker,
Former
President
of
the
U.S.
Olympic
Comm.
Ray
Lewis,
NFL
Dominique
Wilkins,
NBA
Billy
Hunter,
Executive
Director,
NBA
Players
Association
Michael
Conley,
Sports
Agent
Stephen
A.
Smith,
Sports
Reporter,
TV
Personality,
&
Host
APPENDIX
VII
POEMS
AND
OTHER
MATERIAL
Preamble
to
the
Constitution
of
the
Omega
Psi
Phi
Fraternity
We,
the
members
of
the
Omega
Psi
Phi
Fraternity,
believing
that
men
of
similar
ideals
of
fellowship
should
bind
themselves
together
in
order
to
form
a
more
perfect
union
among
college
men,
to
promote
the
principles
of
manhood,
scholarship,
perseverance,
and
uplift,
to
further
brotherly
love
and
fraternal
spirit
within
the
organization,
to
protect
the
sanctity
of
the
home
and
the
chastity
of
woman,
do
enact
and
establish
the
Constitution
and
accompanying
Bylaws
for
the
government
of
its
members.
Members
Versus
Men
The
value
of
your
Fraternity
is
not
in
numbers,
but
in
men,
in
real
brotherhood.
Eight
men
thoroughly
immersed
in
the
true
Omega
Spirit
are
far
greater
assets
than
eighty
with
lukewarm
enthusiasm.
Do
thy
duty
that
is
best;
leave
onto
the
Lord
the
rest.
Omega
Dear
By
Mercer
Cook
&
Dr.
Charles
Drew
Omega
Dear,
we
are
thine
own,
Thou
art
our
life,
our
love,
our
home.
We’ll
sing
thy
praises
far
and
nigh,
We
love
Omega
Psi
Phi.
To
all
thy
precepts
make
us
true,
Live
nobly
as
all
real
men
do,
Let
manhood
be
our
eternal
shrine;
With
faith
in
God,
and
heart,
and
mind.
Through
days
of
joy
or
years
of
pain,
To
serve
Thee’er
will
be
our
aim,
And
when
we
say
our
last
goodbye,
We’ll
love
Omega
Psi
Phi.
Sweetheart
Song
By
Don
Q.
Pullen
Dear
Omega
Girl,
I
love
you
With
a
love
that
is
divine:
Swear
by
all
the
stars
above
you
That
my
love
will
be
but
thine.
When
the
moon
appears
those
pleasant
mem’ries,
Then
I
have
you
near
but
not
for
really,
Dear
Omega
Girl,
I
love
you
–
Sweetheart
of
Omega
Dear.
See
It
Through
By
Edgar
A.
Guest
When
you’re
up
against
a
trouble
meet
it
squarely
face
to
face.
Lift
your
chin,
set
your
shoulders,
plant
your
feet
and
take
a
brace.
When
it’s
vain
to
try
and
dodge
it,
do
the
best
that
you
can
do,
you
may
fail,
yet
you
may
conquer
–
see
it
through.
Black
may
be
the
clouds
about
you
and
your
future
may
seem
grim.
But
don’t
let
your
nerve
desert
you
–
keep
yourself
in
fighting
trim.
If
the
worst
is
bound
to
happen
in
spite
of
all
that
you
may
do,
running
from
it
will
not
save
you
–
see
it
through.
Even
hope
may
seem
but
futile
when
with
troubles
you’re
beset,
But
remember
you
are
facing
just
what
other
men
have
met.
You
may
fail,
but
fall
still
fighting
–
don’t
give
up
whate’er
you
do.
Eyes
front,
head
high,
to
the
finish
–
SEE
IT
THROUGH!
Psalms
133
Behold
how
good
and
how
pleasant
it
is
for
brethren
to
dwell
together
in
unity.
It
is
like
the
precious
ointment
upon
the
head
that
ran
down
upon
the
beard
–
even
Aaron’s
beard
that
went
down
to
the
skirts
of
his
garment
as
the
dew
of
Hermon,
and
as
the
dew
that
descended
upon
the
mountains
of
Zion.
For
there
the
Lord
commanded
the
blessings
–
even
life,
forever
more.
Amen.
Invictus
William
Ernest
Henley
Out
of
the
night
that
covers
me,
black
as
a
pit
from
pole
to
pole.
thank
whatever
gods
may
be,
for
my
unconquerable
soul.
In
the
fell
clutch
of
circumstance,
have
not
winced
nor
cried
aloud.
Under
the
bludeonings
of
chance,
my
head
is
bloody
but
unbowed.
Beyond
this
place
of
wrath
and
tears,
looms
but
the
horror
of
the
shade.
And
yet
the
menace
of
the
years,
finds,
and
shall
find
me
unafraid.
It
matters
not
how
straight
the
gate,
How
charged
with
punishments
the
scroll.
am
the
master
of
my
fate,
am
the
captain
of
my
soul.
Gentleman
gentleman
is
a
person
who
is
clean
inside
and
outside…
Who
neither
looks
up
to
the
rich
nor
down
on
the
poor…
gentleman
is
a
person
who
can
lose
without
squealing,
and
who
can
win
without
bragging…
gentleman
is
a
person
who
is
considerate
to
women,
children,
and
old
people,
who
is
too
brave
to
lie,
too
generous
to
cheat,
and
too
sensible
to
loaf…
gentleman
is
a
person
who
takes
his
share
of
the
world’s
goods
and
lets
other
people
take
theirs.
will
take
your
heart
will
take
your
soul
out
of
your
body
As
though
I
were
God.
will
not
be
satisfied
With
the
little
words
you
say
to
me
will
not
be
satisfied
With
the
touch
of
your
hand
Nor
the
sweet
of
your
lips
alone.
will
take
your
heart
for
mine.
will
take
your
soul.
will
be
God
when
it
comes
to
you.
To
Artina
Langston
Hughes
Life
Paul
Lawrence
Dunbar
crust
of
bread
and
a
corner
to
sleep
in,
minute
to
smile
and
an
hour
to
weep
in,
pint
of
joy
to
a
peck
of
trouble,
And
never
a
laugh,
but
the
moans
come
double;
And
that
is
life!
crust
and
a
corner
that
love
makes
precious,
With
the
smile
to
warm,
and
the
tears
to
refresh
us;
And
joy
seems
sweeter
when
cares
come
after,
And
a
moan
is
the
finest
of
foils
for
laughter;
And
that
is
life!
Mother
To
Son
Langston
Hughes
Well
son,
I’ll
tell
you:
Life
for
me
ain’t
been
no
crystal
stair,
It’s
had
tacks
in
it,
And
splinters,
And
boards
torn
up,
And
places
with
no
carpet
on
the
floor
–
Bare.
But
all
the
time
I’s
been
a-climbin’
on,
And
reachin’
landin’s,
And
turnin’
corners,
And
sometimes
goin’
in
the
dark
Where
there
ain’t
been
no
light.
So
boy,
don’t
you
turn
back.
Don’t
you
set
down
on
the
steps
‘Caus
you
find
id’s
kinder
hard.
Don’t
you
fall
now
–
For
I’s
still
goin’,
honey,
I’s
still
climbin,
And
life
for
me
ain’t
been
on
crystal
stair.
The
Bridgebuilder
W.A.
Dromgoole
An
old
man
going
a
lone
highway
Came
at
the
evening
cold
and
gray,
To
a
chasm
vast,
and
wide,
and
steep,
With
waters
rolling
cold
and
deep.
The
old
man
crossed
in
the
twilight
dim,
The
sullen
stream
had
no
fears
for
him.
But
he
turned
when
safe
on
the
other
side,
and
built
a
bridge
to
span
the
tide.
“Old
man,”
said
a
fellow
pilgrim
near.
“You’re
wasting
your
strength
with
building
here.
Your
journey
will
end
with
the
ending
day.
You
never
again
will
pass
this
way.
You’ve
crossed
the
chasm
deep
and
wide,
Why
build
you
this
bridge
at
eventide?”
The
builder
lifted
his
old,
gray
head.
“Good
friend,
in
the
path
I’ve
come”
he
said.
“There
followeth
after
me
today
A
youth
whose
feet
must
pass
this
way.
The
journey
that
was
as
naught
to
me,
To
that
fair-haired
youth
may
a
pitfall
be.
He,
too,
must
cross
in
the
twilight
dim
-
Good
friend,
I
am
building
this
bridge
for
him.”
If
By
Rudyard
Kipling
If
you
can
keep
your
head
when
all
about
you
are
loosing
theirs
and
blaming
it
on
you;
If
you
can
trust
yourself
when
all
men
doubt
you,
But
make
allowance
for
their
doubting,
too.
If
you
can
wait
and
not
be
tired
by
waiting,
Or
being
lied
about,
don’t
deal
in
lies,
Or
being
hated,
don’t
give
way
to
hating,
And
yet
don’t
look
too
good
nor
talk
too
wise;
If
you
can
dream
–
and
not
make
dreams
your
master;
If
you
can
think
–
and
not
make
thoughts
your
aim,
If
you
can
meet
with
Triumph
and
Disaster
And
treat
those
two
imposters
just
the
same:
If
you
can
bear
to
hear
the
truth
you’ve
spoken
Twisted
by
knaves
to
make
a
trap
for
fools,
Or
watch
the
things
your
gave
your
life
to,
broken,
And
stoop
and
build
‘em
up
with
worn-out
tools;
If
you
can
make
one
heap
of
all
your
winnings
And
risk
it
on
one
turn
of
pitch
and
toss,
And
loose
and
start
again
at
your
beginnings,
And
never
breathe
a
word
about
your
loss.
If
your
can
force
your
heart
and
nerve
and
sinew
To
serve
their
turn
long
after
they
are
gone,
And
so
hold
on
when
there
is
nothing
in
you
Except
the
will
which
says
to
them:
“Hold
on!”
If
you
can
talk
with
crowds
and
keep
your
virtue,
Or
walk
with
kings
nor
loose
the
common
touch,
If
neither
foes
nor
loving
friends
can
hurt
you,
If
all
men
count
on
you
but
none
too
much:
If
you
can
fill
the
unforgiving
minute
with
sixty
seconds
worth
of
distance
run,
Yours
is
the
Earth
and
everything
that’s
in
it,
And
–
which
is
more
–
you
will
be
a
man,
my
son!
It
Couldn't
Be
Done
By
Edgar
Guest
Somebody
said
that
it
couldn't
be
done,
But
he
with
a
chuckle
replied
That
"maybe
it
couldn't,"
but
he
would
be
one
Who
wouldn't
say
so
till
he'd
tried.
So
he
buckled
right
in
with
the
trace
of
a
grin
On
his
face.
If
he
worried
he
hid
it.
He
started
to
sing
as
he
tackled
the
thing
That
couldn't
be
done,
and
he
did
it.
Somebody
scoffed:
"Oh,
you'll
never
do
that;
At
least
no
one
ever
has
done
it";
But
he
took
off
his
coat
and
he
took
off
his
hat,
And
the
first
thing
we
knew
he'd
begun
it.
With
a
lift
of
his
chin
and
a
bit
of
a
grin,
Without
any
doubting
or
quiddit,
He
started
to
sing
as
he
tackled
the
thing
That
couldn't
be
done,
and
he
did
it.
There
are
thousands
to
tell
you
it
cannot
be
done,
There
are
thousands
to
prophesy
failure;
There
are
thousands
to
point
out
to
you,
one
by
one,
The
dangers
that
wait
to
assail
you.
But
just
buckle
in
with
a
bit
of
a
grin,
Just
take
off
your
coat
and
go
to
it;
Just
start
to
sing
as
you
tackle
the
thing
That
"cannot
be
done,"
and
you'll
do
it.
| msmarco_doc_00_26836796 | |
http://4thefeet.net/NeuRx-TF_p_60.html | NeuRx-TF |
NeuRx-TF | NeuRx-TF
Home > Supplements > NeuRx-TF
NeuRx-TF
Price
Your Price: $40.00
Free Shipping.
Part Number: 59
Put me on the Waiting List
Quantity
Add to Cart
Review this item
Add to Gift Registry
Email a friend
Description
Customer Reviews
Description
As a dietary supplement, take 1 tablet twice daily or as directed by a physician. Do not exceed the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA). Store in cool, dry place.
NeuRx-TF TABLETS are ideal for nerve function support, as they combine powerful antioxidants that help protect nerve cells from oxidative damage related to aging and environmental stress.
NeuRx-TF TABLETS contain a total formulation of Alpha Lipoic Acid (350 mg), Benfotiamine (300 mg), Vitamin B6 (35mg) and Methyl B12 (2 mg).
As a dietary supplement, NeuRx-TF TABLETS may help maintain healthy blood sugar levels and are recommended for diabetic patients.*
WARNINGS:
Not intended for persons under the age of 18. Do not use if pregnant or nursing. Consult a health care professional prior to consumption if you have any pre-existing medical conditions or are taking any prescription medication. Improper use of this product will not improve results and is potentially hazardous to a person’s health.
Use only as directed.
KEEP OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN.
NeuRx-TF TABLETS are distributed directly to physicians, dispensed at the point of care directly to patients, and offers a no-risk, unconditional, patient-direct money-back guarantee.
* These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. | msmarco_doc_00_26913018 |
http://4thefirsttime.blogspot.com/2007/06/1939-first-american-cars-with-automatic.html | For The First Time (or the last time): 1939: first American cars with automatic transmission | For The First Time (or the last time)
For The First Time (or the last time)
Thursday, June 14, 2007
1939: first American cars with automatic transmission
| For The First Time (or the last time): 1939: first American cars with automatic transmission
For The First Time (or the last time)
Thursday, June 14, 2007
1939: first American cars with automatic transmission
The automatic transmission was based on technology first developed in the early 1900s by German manufacturers of marine engines, but it was not adapted for automobiles for several decades.
In 1938, General Motors developed the first line of cars with automatic transmissions -- Oldsmobiles that offered "Hydra-Matic drive." The cars were first produced in the Fall of 1939, as 1940 models. In 1941, Chrysler followed suit and introduced three different cars that offered their version of automatic drive, "Vacamatic" (later called "Fluid Drive"). Automatic transmission was a fairly common option on most American cars by 1948.
The Olds tranny provided true clutchless driving with four forward speeds. Its fluid coupling between engine and transmission eliminated the clutch and its associated foot work. Olds made the breakthrough Hydra-Matic available on all models for only $57.
The Chrysler Vacamatic was really only semi-automatic. It featured four speeds and would switch automatically between the two lower or two higher gears, but the driver needed to use the clutch to switch from a lower gear to a higher gear or vice versa. (info from Yahoo and Wikipedia, photo from Hemmings)
Posted by Michael N. Marcus at 4:21 AM
Newer Post Older Post Home
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom) | msmarco_doc_00_26914802 |
http://4thefirsttime.blogspot.com/2009/01/1901-us-presidents-house-named-white.html | For The First Time (or the last time): 1901: US president's house named The White House | For The First Time (or the last time)
For The First Time (or the last time)
Thursday, January 15, 2009
1901: US president's house named The White House
| For The First Time (or the last time): 1901: US president's house named The White House
For The First Time (or the last time)
Thursday, January 15, 2009
1901: US president's house named The White House
The White House, formerly known as the Executive Mansion, is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the United States. Located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C., it was built between 1792 and 1800 of white-painted Aquia sandstone in the late Georgian style and has been the executive residence of every US President since John Adams. When Thomas Jefferson moved into the home in 1801, he, with architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe, expanded the building outward, creating two colonnades which were meant to conceal stables and storage.
In 1814, during the War of 1812, the mansion was set ablaze by the British Army in the Burning of Washington, destroying the interior and charring much of the exterior walls. Reconstruction began almost immediately, and President James Monroe moved into the partially reconstructed house in October 1817.
Construction continued with the addition of the South Portico in 1824 and the North in 1829. Due to crowding within the executive mansion itself, President Theodore Roosevelt had nearly all work offices relocated to the newly-constructed West Wing in 1901.
Eight years later, President William Howard Taft expanded the West Wing and created the first Oval Office which was eventually moved as the section was expanded. The third-floor attic was converted to living quarters in 1927 by augmenting the existing hip roof with long shed dormers. A newly constructed East Wing was used as a reception area for social events; both new wings were connected by Jefferson's colonnades.
East Wing alterations were completed in 1946 creating additional office space. By 1948, the house's load-bearing exterior walls and internal wood beams were found to be close to failure. Under Harry S. Truman, the interior rooms were completely dismantled, resulting in the construction of a new internal load-bearing steel framework and the reassembly of the interior rooms.
Today, the White House Complex includes the Executive Residence (in which the First Family resides), the West Wing (the location of the Oval Office, Cabinet Room, and Roosevelt Room), and the East Wing (the location of the office of the First Lady and White House Social Secretary), as well as the Old Executive Office Building, which houses the executive offices of the President and Vice President.
The White House is made up of six stories: the Ground Floor, State Floor, Second Floor, and Third Floor, as well as a two-story basement. The term White House is regularly used to imply the Executive Office of the President of the United States and for the president's administration and advisors in general. The property is owned by the National Park Service and is part of the President's Park.
The building was originally referred to variously as the "President's Palace", "Presidential Mansion", or "President's House". The earliest evidence of the public calling it the "White House" was recorded in 1811. A legend emerged that during the rebuilding of the structure white paint was applied to mask the burn damage it had suffered, giving the building its namesake color; this is unfounded as the building had been painted white since its construction in 1798.
The name "Executive Mansion" was used in official contexts until President Theodore Roosevelt established the formal name by having the de facto name "White House–Washington" engraved on the stationery in 1901. The current letterhead wording and arrangement "The White House" with the word "Washington" centered beneath goes back to the administration of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. (info from Wikipedia)
Posted by Michael N. Marcus at 6:22 AM
Newer Post Older Post Home
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom) | msmarco_doc_00_26916742 |
http://4thegrill.com/how-to-grill-crab-legs | How to Grill Crab Legs - 4theGrill.com | How to Grill Crab Legs
How to Grill Crab Legs
To grill frozen crab legs
The three reasons we prefer this method is:
That’s all there is to grilling crab legs, keep it simple and they will grill up great for you.
Mike
Like this:
Summary
Article Name
Description
Author
| How to Grill Crab Legs - 4theGrill.com
How to Grill Crab Legs
November 20, 2017
March 8, 2020
Last night I took to opportunity to grill some Crab Legs, a first for me. Every time I grill something new I research it on the Internet first and as usual a lot of the information I found was wrong. So here is our article on how to grill crab legs.
Looking for how to grill King Crab legs?
The first thing you need to know about the frozen crab legs you purchase is that they are most likely already cooked. The way to know for sure is the red color. If they are red they are fully cooked and you are just defrosting them and heating them up.
Now the question is to defrost or not defrost? To defrost crab legs first rinse them in cold water then either: place in you refrigerator for at least 24 hours or into a pot of cold water for 4 to 6 hours. With defrosted crab legs, first you can simply grill them directly over medium high heat for 3 to 5 minutes per side or until the shells are hot to the touch or, wrap them in tin foil (essentially steaming them) over medium heat for 8 to 12 minutes. We have found that the results are about the same as grilling them frozen if you follow the instructions below.
To grill frozen crab legs
There are 2 ways to do this. The first step is the same for both. Rinse off the crab legs in cold water, removing any excess ice. Now you can either
Wrap the leg clusters in heavy duty aluminum foil (you can do them individually or all in one large foil pack). Double up on the foil because these are pointy and will poke through. Grill using indirect medium high heat for 10 minutes for individually wrapped clusters. Grill 15 minutes for multiple legs. Then move them over the heat for 3 to 5 minutes per side. You can remove them from the foil for this step if you want. Wrapping them up in foil is essentially steaming them. They will turn out just like they would in your kitchen.
Or you can heat them up directly on your grill grates. This is the method we prefer. The shells are hard surfaces so ignore any web sites that tell you to oil them first. I have never had them stick. Start them off over low or indirect heat until the joints begin to move freely, about 5 to 8 minutes depending on size. Then move to medium heat for 3 to 5 minutes. Try to keep the small tips of the legs as far off the heat as possible, while trying to keep the claw and thicker parts of the legs on the heat.
The three reasons we prefer this method is:
1) The crab meat turns out with more of a meaty texture then normal due to the lack of moisture.
2) They seem to stay hot longer due to directly heating the shells.
3) There seems to be less of a fishy taste, especially the meat in the top joint.
Crab legs get cold fast so as soon as you remove them from the grill wrap them in foil or place into a pre-warmed covered pan of some type.
Standing Rib Rack Holds 4 Slabs Non-stick B2Q
$ 15.99
Add to cart
7 x 11 Grill Grid Non-Stick B2Q
$ 14.99
Add to cart
Flexible Kabob Skewers 30-Inch Stainless Steel B2Q
$ 6.99
Add to cart
Universal Grill Scraper Cleaning Tool
$ 8.99
Add to cart
Stainless Steel Grill Ring Large 4 inch diameter Just Grillin
$ 8.99
Add to cart
10.5 x 15 Non-Stick Grilling Mat by Chef’s Planet
$ 9.99
Add to cart
3-Tier Grill Plank Rack with Cedar Planks Just Grillin
$ 15.99
Add to cart
Barbecue Sauce Mop and Bucket Set Just Grillin
$ 14.99
Add to cart
Nexgrill Digital Thermometer Fork 15 inch
$ 11.99
Add to cart
Most sites tell you to brush the Crab Legs with oil and we do not find that step needed at all. The hard shells themselves should prevent sticking.
Other sites will also tell you to season them and I guess that’s fine as long as you don’t mind most of the seasoning falling into the bottom of the grill. If you want to add lets say Old Bay seasoning you should probably just add it to your melted butter.
That’s all there is to grilling crab legs, keep it simple and they will grill up great for you.
Mike
aka Sultan of Sizzle
I have been blogging about and selling grilling tool for over 12 years. A Certified Food Safety Professional, KCBS member, award winning writer and have over 10 years experience in the food service industry.
“I have experienced some of the best food this country has to offer and nothing is better than the food that comes off my own grill!”
This page contains links to 4thegrill’s products and/or revenue generating sponsored links and ads from Amazon and/or Google adsense. 4theGrill is not responsible for the content of the off site links we provide.
Like this:
Like
Loading...
Summary
Article Name
How to Grill Crab Legs
Description
To grill crab legs you must first defrost on your grill using indirect medium low heat for 5 to 8 minutes, until joints move freely. Then grill over direct medium heat for an additional 3 to 5 minutes.
Author
Mike 4theGrill
Publisher Name
4theGrill
Publisher Logo
Mike AKA Sultan of Sizzle
Posted in:
How to Grill Seafood | msmarco_doc_00_26921102 |
http://4thgradeimmigration.weebly.com/old-immigration.html | Old Immigration - Let's Learn About Immigration | Let's Learn About Immigration
Old Immigration
Back to Top
| Old Immigration - Let's Learn About Immigration
Let's Learn About Immigration
Old Immigration
Before we begin, let's meet a typical immigrant from the time period. Click play and listen to his story and think about the following questions:
Where is he from?
Where does he live now?
What does he do for a living?
What else do you know about him from his story?
Old immigration is defined as the immigration that took place from 1776 to 1890. This period occurred after the Revolutionary War and continued until after the end of the Civil War.
Most of these immigrants came from Northern and Western Europe. This includes countries such as Ireland, Germany, England, and Scotland. Look at the map below. The gray areas represent the area where the old immigrants came from.
People immigrated for many different reasons. Ireland suffered through the Potato Famine, which meant that many people were left poor and starving. German people experienced a revolution. People who escaped from persecution were considered refugees. Most of the time, people immigrated to the United States in order to find better opportunities and make a better life for themselves and their families.
Most settled in large cities like New York City and Boston and found work in factories and other low paying jobs.
In the late 1800's, there also was a large number of immigrants from China. They settled on the West Coast of the United States and most worked as laborers. Below is an artist's depiction of Chinese immigrants in San Francisco.
Some Americans did not like the immigrants. Most of the immigrants were not Protestant, the main religion in the United States at the time. The Americans thought that the immigrants were taking jobs away from "real Americans". These people were called nativists.
Back to Top | msmarco_doc_00_26926603 |
http://4thgradeplattevalley.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/9/2/5592885/tiger_read_works.pdf | Tiger Tale
Tiger
Tale
What
dangers
do
the
big
cats
face?
Tiger
Trivia
Hungry
Hunters
One
of
a
Kind
Sleepyheads
Who?
world
leaders
Passage
Reading
Level:
Lexile
680
When?
over
the
next
12
years
Vocabulary
Word:
threat
| Tiger Tale
Tiger
Tale
What
dangers
do
the
big
cats
face?
Tigers
rule!
With
their
powerful
bodies
and
sharp
claws,
the
mighty
cats
run
the
jungle.
However,
the
felines
may
not
be
large
and
in
charge
for
long.
A
feline
is
a
cat.
AP
Images
World
leaders
are
helping
to
protect
this
mighty
kitty.
Wild
tigers
could
soon
become
extinct,
or
gone
completely,
according
to
experts.
As
of
2010,
only
about
3,200
of
the
big
cats
are
left
in
the
wild
in
the
world.
That’s
a
big
change
from
100
years
ago.
Back
then,
about
100,000
wild
tigers
roamed
the
planet.
One
threat,
or
danger,
the
felines
face
is
habitat
loss.
Tigers
live
in
Asia.
Loggers
there
cut
down
trees
in
the
forests
to
make
paper
and
other
items
people
buy.
Less
forest
means
less
room
for
the
animals
to
roam
and
search
for
food.
Another
threat
is
poaching.
That
is
illegal
hunting.
In
China,
tigers
are
poached
for
their
fur
and
bones.
Officials
are
roaring
to
action
to
help
save
the
big
cats.
Recently,
world
leaders
met
to
discuss
the
felines’
future.
“[Saving
the]
tigers
is
a
very
important
issue,”
says
Suwit
Khunkitti.
He
is
an
official
from
Thailand.
That
is
a
country
in
Asia
where
tigers
live.
Leigh
Haeger
The
leaders’
goal
is
to
double
the
number
of
wild
tigers
within
the
next
12
years.
They
are
putting
together
a
plan
to
help
protect
the
animals.
One
of
their
first
steps
is
to
make
people
aware
of
the
dangers
the
cats
face,
explains
Barney
Long.
He
is
a
wildlife
expert.
Leaders
also
plan
to
come
up
with
ways
to
stop
poachers.
“If
we
can
solve
these
problems,
the
future
is
very,
very
bright
[for
tigers],”
Long
told
WR
News.
Tiger
Trivia
These
big
cats
are
some
of
the
fastest,
largest,
and
strongest
felines
in
the
wild.
Read
to
learn
more
about
tigers.
Animals
Animals
Hungry
Hunters
Running
through
the
jungle
makes
tigers
work
up
an
appetite.
They
can
eat
up
to
88
pounds
of
meat
at
a
time.
One
of
a
Kind
Each
cat’s
stripes
are
unique,
like
human
fingerprints.
No
two
tigers
have
the
same
pattern.
iStock
Sleepyheads
Don’t
let
their
size
fool
you.
Even
adult
tigers
can
sleep
like
babies.
They
spend
up
to
18
hours
a
day
in
dream
land.
Corbis
Name:
Date:
__________________
What
is
the
goal
of
the
world
leaders’
plan
to
help
the
tigers?
The
goal
is
to
stop
poachers
from
killing
tigers
for
their
fur
and
bones.
The
goal
is
to
help
tigers
move
to
forests
that
are
not
being
cut
down.
The
goal
is
to
double
the
number
of
wild
tigers
in
the
next
12
years.
The
goal
is
to
study
the
stripes
of
tigers
and
learn
why
they
are
unique.
In
the
passage,
the
author
describes
the
problem
of
tigers
being
an
endangered
species.
Which
of
the
following
solutions
is
described
in
the
passage?
One
solution
is
to
end
the
poaching
of
tigers.
One
solution
is
to
teach
tigers
to
climb
trees.
One
solution
is
to
feed
tigers
more
meat.
One
solution
is
to
let
tigers
sleep
more.
The
author
implies
that
people
are
more
of
a
threat
to
tigers
than
tigers
are
to
people
tigers
will
never
become
completely
extinct
people
need
to
learn
how
to
sleep
like
tigers
do
world
leaders
need
to
work
together
to
create
zoos
for
tigers
Read
the
following
sentence:
“[100
years
ago,]
100,000
tigers
roamed
the
planet.”
In
this
sentence
roamed
means
destroyed
wandered
lived
disappeared
5.
What
would
be
another
good
title
for
this
passage?
How
to
Catch
a
Tiger
Problems
for
Tigers
World
Leaders
and
Tigers
Tigers
and
How
They
Hunt
1
2012
ReadWorks®,
Inc.
All
rights
reserved.
6.
What
are
two
threats
to
tigers?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
7.
How
might
awareness
among
people
of
the
problems
facing
tigers
make
a
difference
for
tigers?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
8.
The
question
below
is
an
incomplete
sentence.
Choose
the
word
that
best
completes
the
sentence.
Loggers
cut
down
trees
in
the
forests
where
tigers
live,
______
tigers
are
losing
their
homes.
however
so
but
because
9.
Answer
the
following
questions
based
on
the
sentence
below.
Over
the
next
12
years,
world
leaders
want
to
help
tigers
by
making
people
aware
of
the
dangers
tigers
face.
Who?
world
leaders
(do)
What?
_____________________________________________________________
How?
_________________________________________________________________
When?
________________________________________________________________
2
2012
ReadWorks®,
Inc.
All
rights
reserved.
10.
Read
the
vocabulary
word
and
definition
below,
and
complete
questions
10a,
10b,
and
11.
Vocabulary
Word:
threat
(threat):
something
that
is
a
sign
or
indication
of
danger.
10a.
Read
the
sentences
below
and
underline
the
word
threat.
Eating
candy
is
a
threat
to
your
teeth.
It
is
a
threat
to
your
safety
to
cross
the
street
without
looking.
Many
endangered
species
are
under
threat
of
becoming
extinct.
The
teacher
told
the
students
that
there
was
no
threat
of
rain
tomorrow,
so
they
should
be
prepared
for
the
field
trip.
A
girl
in
my
class
made
a
threat
by
saying
that
if
I
didn’t
give
her
my
lunch
money,
she
would
tell
the
teacher
I
cheated
on
a
test.
10b.
Which
object
is
a
bigger
threat
to
one’s
safety?
11.
Is
a
campfire
a
threat?
Why
or
why
not?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
2012
ReadWorks®,
Inc.
All
rights
reserved.
3
Teacher
Guide
&
Answers
Passage
Reading
Level:
Lexile
680
Featured
Text
Structure:
Problem/Solution
–
the
writer
poses
a
problem
and
suggests
possible
solutions
Passage
Summary:
The
passage
gives
an
overview
of
the
dangers
tigers
face
as
they
are
threatened
by
extinction,
as
well
as
actions
world
leaders
are
taking
to
curb
those
threats.
It
ends
with
a
list
of
distinctive
tiger
attributes.
What
is
the
goal
of
the
world
leaders’
plan
to
help
the
tigers?
The
goal
is
to
stop
poachers
from
killing
tigers
for
their
fur
and
bones.
The
goal
is
to
help
tigers
move
to
forests
that
are
not
being
cut
down.
The
goal
is
to
double
the
number
of
wild
tigers
in
the
next
12
years.
The
goal
is
to
study
the
stripes
of
tigers
and
learn
why
they
are
unique.
In
the
passage,
the
author
describes
the
problem
of
tigers
being
an
endangered
species.
Which
of
the
following
solutions
is
described
in
the
passage?
One
solution
is
to
end
the
poaching
of
tigers.
One
solution
is
to
teach
tigers
to
climb
trees.
One
solution
is
to
feed
tigers
more
meat.
One
solution
is
to
let
tigers
sleep
more.
The
author
implies
that
people
are
more
of
a
threat
to
tigers
than
tigers
are
to
people
tigers
will
never
become
completely
extinct
people
need
to
learn
how
to
sleep
like
tigers
do
world
leaders
need
to
work
together
to
create
zoos
for
tigers
Read
the
following
sentence:
“[100
years
ago,]
100,000
tigers
roamed
the
planet.”
In
this
sentence
roamed
means
destroyed
wandered
lived
disappeared
5.
What
would
be
another
good
title
for
this
passage?
How
to
Catch
a
Tiger
Problems
for
Tigers
World
Leaders
and
Tigers
Tigers
and
How
They
Hunt
6.
What
are
two
threats
to
tigers?
Suggested
answer:
One
threat
to
tigers
is
that
the
forests
they
live
in
are
being
cut
down
for
wood
to
make
paper
and
other
items.
Another
threat
is
that
tigers
are
poached
(hunted
illegally).
[paragraph
#3]
7.
How
might
awareness
among
people
of
the
problems
facing
tigers
make
a
difference
for
tigers?
Suggested
answer:
If
more
people
were
aware
of
the
problems
facing
tigers,
people
might
try
to
help
them
and
work
to
solve
the
problems
of
logging
and
poaching.
[paragraphs
#3,
5]
8.
The
question
below
is
an
incomplete
sentence.
Choose
the
word
that
best
completes
the
sentence.
Loggers
cut
down
trees
in
the
forests
where
tigers
live,
______
tigers
are
losing
their
homes.
however
so
but
because
9.
Answer
the
following
questions
based
on
the
sentence
below.
Over
the
next
12
years,
world
leaders
want
to
help
tigers
by
making
people
aware
of
the
dangers
tigers
face.
Who?
world
leaders
(do)
What?
want
to
help
tigers
How?
by
making
people
aware
of
the
dangers
tigers
face
When?
over
the
next
12
years
10.
ReadWorks
recommends
that
you
teach
this
vocabulary
word
to
the
whole
class
out
loud
using
the
four
steps
listed
below.
Vocabulary
Word:
threat
Step
1:
Introduce
the
word
Teacher
writes
the
word
on
the
board
and
divides
it
into
syllables:
(threat)
Teacher
says:
“This
word
is
threat.
What
is
the
word?”
[All
students
reply
together
out
loud:
“threat.”]
Step
2:
Provide
a
child-friendly
definition
Teacher
says:
“Threat
means
something
that
is
a
sign
or
indication
of
danger.”
Teacher
says:
“In
the
text,
the
author
states
that
tigers
face
some
different
threats,
like
logging
and
poaching
and
habitat
loss.
These
things
put
tigers
in
danger.
The
word
threat
can
also
mean
someone
saying
that
something
bad
will
happen
to
you
if
you
don’t
do
what
he
or
she
wants.”
Teacher
says:
“What
is
the
word?”
[All
students
reply
together
out
loud:
“threat.”]
Step
3:
Practice
the
word
Teacher
provides
examples
and
additional
opportunities
to
repeat
the
word.
Read
the
first
sentence
out
loud
to
your
students.
Begin
reading
it
again
and
when
you
come
to
the
vocabulary
word,
prompt
students
to
say
the
vocabulary
word
out
loud.
Then,
finish
reading
the
sentence
out
loud
to
your
students.
10a.
1.
Eating
candy
is
a
threat
to
your
teeth.
It
is
a
threat
to
your
safety
to
cross
the
street
without
looking.
Many
endangered
species
are
under
threat
of
becoming
extinct.
The
teacher
told
the
students
that
there
was
no
threat
of
rain
tomorrow,
so
they
should
be
prepared
for
the
field
trip.
A
girl
in
my
class
made
a
threat
by
saying
that
if
I
didn’t
give
her
my
lunch
money,
she
would
tell
the
teacher
I
cheated
on
a
test.
Step
4:
Check
for
student
understanding
This
step
can
be
completed
as
a
whole
class
activity
or
as
an
independent
practice.
10b.
Which
object
is
a
bigger
threat
to
one’s
safety?
11.
Is
a
campfire
a
threat?
Why
or
why
not?
Suggested
answer:
The
student
could
answer
that
as
long
as
people
behave
safely
around
a
campfire,
it
is
no
threat.
If
not,
it
could
be
a
threat.
Suggested
Additional
Vocabulary:
unique,
expert
| msmarco_doc_00_26928666 | |
http://4thgradeunitedstatesregions.weebly.com/the-regions-of-the-united-states.html | The Regions of the United States - 4th Grade United States Regions |
Characteristics of the U.S. Regions
Regions and Landforms
Climate
Regional Resources
| The Regions of the United States - 4th Grade United States Regions
Characteristics of the U.S. Regions
Regions and Landforms
The United States was divided into five regions to help us better understand our country. The states were grouped into regions that share similar characteristics. However, there are some areas in each region that different from each other because our country is made up of many different landforms, a natural feature on our Earth's surface. For example, in the West we see mountains, fertile valleys, shining lakes, and islands.
There are many different types of landforms. Mountains are very high landforms. Plains are large areas of flat land that are covered with grass. Deserts get very little rain. Canyons are deep valleys with steep rocky walls. Plateaus are large, flat raised areas of land.
Northeast Region:
Contains part of the oldest mountain range in our country, The Appalachian Mountains
The Appalachian Mountains run from Georgia through Maine and further north into Canada.
Along the coast the Northeast is more hilly and rocky.
Further west, you can find better farmland.
Southeast Region:
The Appalachian Mountains begin to flatten towards the east and form into the Atlantic Coastal Plain.
To the west, there are plains leading into the Gulf of Mexico from Louisiana and Mississippi.
You can also find the Mississippi Rivers and Red Rivers flowing through the region.
Great farmland in Arkansas and Louisiana
Mammoth Cave system in Kentucky- the WORLD's largest!
Midwest Region
Large areas covered with forests
Flat, grassy plains
Some rolling hills, Ex. Smoky Hills in Kansas
Big rivers- Mississippi, Ohio, and Missouri
Great Lakes- Lake Erie, Lake Huron, Lake Michigan, Lake Superior (large bodies of salt water)
Southwest Region
4 states
Beautiful deserts and canyons
Home of the Grand Canyon!
Part of the Rocky Mountains run through the Southwest region
West Region
Full of all different types of landforms!
Highest landform- Mt. Mckinley in Alaska
Lowest landform- Death Valley in California
Coastal Mountains border the Pacific coast
Beaches along the Pacific coast
Fertile, green valleys in Oregon and California
Western Oregon and Washington have lots of forests
Includes Alaska and Hawaii
Climate
Weather- condition of the air at a certain time and place
Climate- weather of a place averaged over a long period of time
Precipitation- amount of rain or snow that falls
Temperature- how warm or cold and place is
Types of Climates
Tropical Climate
Very warm all year round
Near the equator
Sun rays hit the Earth most directly here
Located in the Southern tip of Florida and Hawaii
Subtropical climates are not as warm
Polar Climates
Areas around the North and South Poles
Coldest climate
Located in Alaska (most parts are subarctic because they are closer to the North Pole)
Most parts of Alaska are covered with snow year round. Some parts have a very short summer.
Temperate Climates
Between tropical and subarctic climates
Moderate in temperature
Not too hot or too cold
Regional Resources
Each region of the United States has natural resources, which can be turned into raw materials that can be used to make other products.
Businesses and industries that grow in each region depend on the resources that are available to them.
Renewable resources can be replaced and nonrenewable resources cannot. Both can be protected, renewed, and and recycled.
People who provide products and services are called human resources. | msmarco_doc_00_26947259 |
http://4thwayfulfillment.com/ | Home - 4th Way Fulfillment - Your Small Business Shipping & Fulfillment Partner |
Our Facility
About Us
Contact Us
| Home - 4th Way Fulfillment - Your Small Business Shipping & Fulfillment Partner
Home
Services
Facility
Free Consultation
Testimonials
About Us
Blog
Contact Us
Home Services Facility Free Consultation Testimonials About Us Blog Contact Us
Order Processing
We provide Order Processing and Fulfillment Services 4th Way Fulfillment is a boutique, full-service, order processing & fulfillment operation
Customer Service
Customer Service We provide customer service for both you and your customers
Our Facility
Our Facility Our warehouse is state of the art, secure and fully capable of housing dry goods as well as food products.
Fulfillment
Fulfillment Fulfilling orders as they come in! We take pride in our accuracy of fulfilling the orders quickly
Our Facility
Our Location
Cost Effective Shipping Services
Online Order Processing Access
New Account Questionnaire
About Us
Years of Experience
Full Service Fulfillment
Serving Our Customers
Our Background
Contact Us
Email 4th Way
Call 805.278.9400
Join us on Facebook
Join us on linkedin
3200 Golf Course Dr. Ste B
Ventura, CA 93003 USA
User Login | msmarco_doc_00_26951134 |
http://4timeout.com/time-out-termites.html | TIME OUT - TERMITES | Time Out
Time Out
General Information
Directions For Use
Active Ingredients
Customer Help
Purchase Now
| TIME OUT - TERMITES
Time Out
General Information
TIME OUT
FOR TERMITES
ECO FRIENDLY
NET WT. 13 oz
Kills wet and dry wood
termites
Eco-friendly
Study supported efficacy
Environmentally friendly
Applicator allows for
direct spray into trouble
areas
High level of active ingredient
Use residentially or
commercially
Directions For Use
TIME OUT
FOR TERMITES
ECO FRIENDLY
NET WT. 13 oz
368 GRAMS
DIRECTIONS
FOR USE:
Directions for use: American® Time Out for Termites™ Eco-Friendly are intended for use in and around residential and commercial structures and their immediate surroundings.
For Crack And Crevice Treatment: Apply insecticide directly into cracks and crevices or voids using the injection tube. Place injector tip one half (1/2) inch into cracks and crevices, holes and other small openings. Release approximately
one-second spray per spot. For serious infestation, place spots approximately 12 inches apart. For light infestation or for preventative treatment, place spots approximately three feet apart. In long running cracks, move injector tip along the crack while spraying at the rate of three linear feet per second.
Permitted areas of use include: apartments, atriums, attics, automobiles, basements, bathrooms, boats, cabins, campers, carports, clothes storage areas, condominiums, decks, dens, driveways, garages, gazebos, homes, kitchens, lanais, living rooms, parlors, patios, pet sleeping areas, sun rooms, utility rooms and verandas. This product may stain or adversely affect vinyl, painted, and plastic surfaces. Avoid application to asphalt shingles as staining may occur.
Note: Spray a test amount first in order to determine your comfort zone as this product may have a strong natural oil essence scent to some users. For indoors, use in well ventilated areas.
Before using in areas where spray may contact these surfaces, test in an inconspicuous area and recheck in a few hours.
Do not allow children or pets to contact treated surfaces until dry.
Active Ingredients
TIME OUT
FOR TERMITES
ECO FRIENDLY
NET WT. 13 oz
ACTIVE
INGREDIENTS:
Clove Oil 3.50%
Mint Oil 4%
Citronella Oil 0.8%
Lemongrass Oil 0.1%
*INERT
INGREDIENTS 93.1%
Total: 100.0%
Customer Help
TIME OUT
FOR TERMITES
ECO FRIENDLY
NET WT. 13 oz
CUSTOMER
HELP
What should I do in case of an emergency?
n the event of a medical
or chemical emergency
contact CHEMTEL,
North America
1-800-255-3924 or
Worldwide Intl.
+ 01- 813-248-0585
MSDS (Material
Safety Data Sheet) and product
label info for Time Out®
Termites
Eco Friendly
Label, TIME OUT® TERMITES
Eco Friendly
Company Contact
Rebel Brands, Inc.
420 South 11th Ave
Upland, CA 91786
Tel: 909.985.8880
Fax: 310.473.1086
Purchase Now
TIME OUT
FOR TERMITES
ECO FRIENDLY
NET WT. 13 oz
368 GRAMS
PURCHASE
NOW:
Product Description
Time Out For Termites
Eco-Friendly
comes in an aerosol spray (13.7fl oz).
Per unit price: $9.99
Shipping and handling fee: $9.99
for each 1-unit ordered
Total amount: $19.98
for every 1-unit including
shipping and handling.
Sales tax:
estimated tax to be collected
and added to your total.
Shipping time: Allow
2-weeks for delivery.
Guarantee: 100% satisfaction guarantee
(less shipping and handling).
Send back unused portion to:
Time Out For Termites
Eco-Friendly,
420 South 11th Avenue,
Upland, CA 91786
Note: Sales may be restricted by state. | msmarco_doc_00_26952519 |
http://4timing.com/techoscillator.htm | Oscillator Technology
Home
Up
Quartz
Crystal Technology
Oscillator Technology
MCF Technology
Manufacturing
Basic Technology of Quartz Crystal Oscillators
1. Categories of Quartz Crystal Oscillators
Quartz crystal oscillator is a timing device consisting of quartz crystal
resonator and an oscillation circuit to generate an output waveform at specified
frequency. It can be classified into four main categories based on its typical applications.
XO - Crystal Oscillator
The device does not have temperature control or temperature compensation. Frequency - temperature characteristics depend on the crystal units. It is also
called SPXO – Simple Packaged Crystal Oscillator or Clock.
TCXO - Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillator
The device has temperature compensation circuit to suppress output frequency deviation caused by surrounding temperature. That is, e.g.
the output signal from a temperature sensor (e.g., a thermistor) is used to
generate a correction voltage that is applied to a variable reactance (e.g., a
varactor) in the crystal network. The
reactance variations compensate for the crystal's F vs. T characteristic. Analog TCXO can provide about a 20X improvement over the crystal's F vs.
T variation.
OCXO - Oven Controlled Crystal Oscillator
The device usually
contains an oven block where the temperature sensor, heating element, oven
circuitry, and insulation function to maintain a stable temperature. By keeping
the temperature of the crystal and other temperature sensitive components, great
improvements in oscillator performance are realized such that the crystal's F
vs. T has zero slope. OCXOs can use either AT-, SC-, or IT- cut crystals depending
on temperature range and aging performance. Typical OCXO can provide a >1000X improvement over the crystal's f vs.
T variation. The following table summarizes the best stability each type of oscillator can hold based on
today’s typical manufacturing process.
Clock Oscillator
TCXO
OCXO
0°C
to 70°C
±10 ppm
±0.5 ppm
±0.003 ppm
-20°C
to 70°C
±25 ppm
±0.5 ppm
±0.003 ppm
-40°C
to 85°C
±30 ppm
±1 ppm
±0.02 ppm
-55°C
to 125°C
±50 ppm
N/A
N/A
VCXO - Voltage Controlled Crystal Oscillator
Crystal oscillator that has tunable output frequency or modulated output
frequency by external control voltage. The
connection of a variable capacitance diode (varactor) with crystal unit in
series can lead the diode capacitance to be changed according to the voltage
applied for frequency tuning, thus pulling frequency away from its normal value
based on the load capacitance characteristics of the crystal unit.
2. Terminology Discussion on Quartz Crystal Oscillators
Frequency Stability
Deviation from the nominal output frequency (Fmeasured– Fnorminal)/ Fnorminal, including the frequency deviation from the following
factors:
Manufacturing process– Initial Accuracy and Aging: Initial
Accuracy is where the frequency is set close to the nominal frequency at room
temperature (25 C) ranging from ± 100 ppm to ± 0.25 ppm; Aging is the
frequency shift of the crystal over a certain time period. The following table shows typical first year aging for 10 MHz Clock,
TCXOs, and OCXOs.
Clock Oscillator
TCXO
OCXO
±3 ppm
±1 ppm
±0.1 ppm (AT-cut); ±0.075 ppm
(SC-cut)
Temperature- How the unit changes frequency over the
temperature range. In a well-designed oscillator the frequency stability vs. temperature is determined
primarily by the temperature characteristic of the crystal, and the oscillator
manufacturer must select the crystal characteristics that conform to the
oscillator circuit to insure that the intrinsic stability of the crystal is not
degraded.
Power source variation– Oscillator frequency will change
slightly as the supply voltage changes. The
typical fractional change ranges from ±1 ppb
to ±10 ppb for a ±10% change in supply voltage. Voltage
sensitivity tends to be largest in TCXOs having a low supply voltage.
Load variation– Oscillator frequency will also change
slightly as the load applied to the output port varies. The typical fractional frequency change ranges from ±0.1
to ±10 ppb for a load change of ±10%
for sine wave outputs, or ±1 gate for logic outputs. Since the
load can be made nearly constant in most applications, load sensitivity is
usually not significant.
Operating Temperature Range
Temperature range satisfies the output frequency stability and output signal
characteristics specifications. Military: -55 °C to +125 °C; Industrial: -40 °C to +85 °C;
Commercial: 0 °C to +70 °C.
Oscillator Output
The output of a hybrid quartz crystal oscillator is a highly stable reference
signal, and it can be characterized in the following parameters:
Frequency– It is how fast the output signal is changing,
measured in Hertz (Hz). One Hertz corresponds to one complete cycle of a
waveform occurring in one second.
Waveform– The waveform is periodic, which means it repeats
the same pattern indefinitely. The
most popular waveform is squarewave as shown in the following schematic drawing:
Squarewave Waveform
Logic- The vast majority of systems require a crystal
oscillator output that is TTL compatible, CMOS compatible, ECL compatible or
some combinations of logic families such as TTL/HCMOS compatible. Details on those output logic are summarized in the following tables:
TTL (Transistor – Transistor Logic)
Logic Levels: 1:
2.4 V MIN
2:
0.4 V MAX
Duty Cycle:
Measured at 1.4 V
Typical Fan-out:
10 Loads (Gates)
Types of TTL:
S, LS, FAST. AS
CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor)
Logic Levels: 1:
90% of Input Voltage
2:
10% of Input Voltage
Duty Cycle:
Measured at 50% of Input Voltage
Typical Fan-out:
10 Loads (Specified in pF, 50 pF max)
Types of CMOS:
CMOS, HCMOS, and ACMOS
ECL (Emitter Coupled Logic)
Logic Levels: 1:
-0.9 V
2:
-1.75 V
Duty Cycle:
Measured at 50% Output Swing
Typical Fan-out:
50 Ohms to (supply voltage-2V)
Types of ECL:
10kECL, 100kECL, MECL, Eclips
LVDS (Low Voltage Differential Signaling)- It is a new
industry technology, which provide a low cost, multi-gigabit data transfer (100
Mbps and higher) on copper cables or printed circuit boards traces. LVDS
technology has many advantages including fast bit rates, low power consumption
(16 times less than PECL), and good noise performance. LVDS uses
differential data transmission of 300 mV. This differential signal is
immune to common-mode noise, which is the primary source of system noise. The low voltage swing of 300 mV decreases emissions and cross talk problems.
Fan-out (Loads)– the number of logic chips the IC can drive.
Drive Capability- Indicating the maximum load the oscillator
can drive specified at pF in CMOS logic and the number of gates in TTL logic. If this value exceeds the maximum rated load of the oscillator, signal
degradation can occur.
Startup Time- The startup time is specified as the time that
an oscillator take to reach its specified RF output amplitude. The startup time is determined by the closed loop time constant and the
loading condition of its circuit.
Rise & Fall Time (tr& tf)- The
rise time of an oscillator is defined as the transition time of the output
waveform from low stage (logic “0”) to high stage (logic “1”). The fall time of an oscillator is defined as the transition time of the
output waveform from high stage (logic “1”) to low stage (logic “0”). Fast rise & fall time requirements can steer a user to using ECL,
even for frequencies typically satisfied by HCMOS/TTL. Increasing the load will increase the rise and fall times of the device.
Symmetry or
Duty Cycle- The measure of output waveform uniformity or the shape of
the waveform, which is made up of logic “1” and logic “0” cycle times. It is defined as the ratio of the time periods of the logic 1
level (TH) to the time periods of one complete cycle (T), measured at
1.4 volts for TTL logic and 50% of the peak-to-peak voltage for CMOS and ECL
logic. Sym = TH/T x
100%.
Tri-state Enable– By applying a command input signal to the
oscillators, the output of the clock oscillators is turned off or disabled. When this feature is activated, the oscillators assume a high impedance
state.
Input Current and Supply Voltage
Input current is the amount of current drain by an oscillator in its
operating condition. Different
logic oscillators require different input current. Supply voltage is the voltage necessary to operate the oscillator. It is typically 5 V or 3.3 V.
Phase Noise & Jitter
Phase noise is the term used to quantify signal noise in the frequency domain
and such phase noise measurements and specifications are common to most RF
engineers in their work. In the time domain, signal purity is described in
terms of jitter so measurements and specifications on jitter are common to
digital signal engineers. The root causes of phase noise and jitter are
essentially the same, so the design and production techniques used to optimize
both are the same.
Phase noise is a small fraction of undesirable frequency near the output
frequency, and is usually expressed as the SSB spectral density in dBc/Hz. Phase noise is dependent mostly on the crystal with the circuitry making
up the unit playing a small role. The
measurement is commonly in the 1 Hz bandwidth. The description of phase noise is "at x Hz offset it is y dBc/Hz". Low levels of phase noise are achieved through careful
circuit design and use of carefully processed high-Q resonators.
Harmonic Distortion
The non-linear distortion due
to un-wanted harmonic spectrum component related with target signal frequency. Each harmonic component is the ratio of electric power against desired
signal output electric power and expressed in terms of dBc. Harmonic distortion specification is important especially in Sine output
when a clean and less distorted signal is required.
Activity Dip
Activity dips result from
mechanical coupling of the principal mode to one or another of a number of
interfering modes, which exist but are not electrically excited by the resonator
electrodes. At some temperature,
the frequency of the interfering modes coincide with the frequency of the
desired mode, energy is lost from the main mode, thereby causing an increase in
the resonator equivalent resistance at that temperature. Accompanying the activity dip is a deviation of the F vs. T
characteristic from a smooth curve, but this is often much less pronounced than
the resistance increase. In extreme
cases, when the oscillator gain is insufficient, the resistance increase
stops the oscillation over a range of temperature. In addition, even when the resistance increase is not large
enough to stop the oscillation, the frequency change can cause intermittent
failures, e.g., it can cause a loss of lock in phase locked systems.
G-Sensitivity
It is a measure of the sensitivity to acceleration, also known as
Acceleration Sensitivity, which is the frequency shift caused by subjecting the
crystal to a constant acceleration. The
most notable test is the Two G Tip-over test. Here the G-sensitivity is measured by allowing the oscillator to
stabilize, and the frequency is measured. The
oscillator is then turned upside down, 180º,
and the frequency is measured again. This
test is repeated for each major axis of the oscillator. The difference in frequency is divided by 2, yielding the static
G-sensitivity. The following table shows the typical g-sensitivity numbers
Commercial TCXOs
Commercial OCXOs
High-reliability OCXOs
5 x 10-9/g
3.5 x 10-9/g
2 x 10-9/g
Vibration Sensitivity
It is the measure of the oscillator sensitivity to vibration. It can be viewed in two ways: dynamic and static. Dynamic sensitivity refers to degradation of phase noise due to vibration
while the unit is powered in the target system. This can be different from the static G-sensitivity number in that the
oscillator may posses an internal structural resonance, which will have a higher
sensitivity as certain frequencies. In
most case, the dynamic sensitivity is not an issue, since typical oscillators
are rack mounted and not subjected to significant vibration levels. The static sensitivity, also known as sensitivity to transportation, is a
more important factor, as it happens in transit from manufacturer to customer
and is normally outside of the control of the manufacturer. The shock and vibration can result in shifts in the calibration
frequency, resulting in an offset as the customer. Packaging and design of the oscillator can help to reduce this effect, so
that the part is still within specification on arrival at the customer site.
Stand by Function
A function built in the IC that temporary turns off the oscillator to save
power.
3. Voltage Controlled Crystal Oscillators
A VCXO is a quartz crystal oscillator that includes a varactor diode and
associated circuitry allowing the frequency to be changed by application of a
voltage across that diode. This can
be accomplished in a simple logic clock or sine wave crystal oscillator, or a
TCXO (resulting in a TC/VCXO-temperature compensated voltage controlled crystal
oscillator), or an oven controlled type (resulting in an OC/VCXO-oven controlled
voltage crystal oscillator). In addition to those characteristics that define the fixed
frequency crystal oscillators (XOs), there are several characteristics peculiar
to VCXOs. Primary among the
specifications that are peculiar to VCXOs are the following:
Control Voltage
This is the varying voltage, which is applied to the VCXO input terminal
causing a change in frequency. It is sometimes referred to as Modulation Voltage, especially
if the input is an AC signal.
Deviation/Pulling Range
This is the amount of frequency change that results from changes in control
voltage. For example, a change of
control voltage from 0.5 to 4.5 volt might result in a deviation of 100 ppm. This parameter can also define so-called average slope which is the total
frequency deviation divided by the total control voltage swing.
Slope Polarity/Transfer Function - This denotes the direction of frequency
changes with respect to the control voltage. A positive transfer function denotes an increase in frequency for an
increasing positive control voltage. Conversely,
if the frequency decreases with a more positive (or less negative) control
voltage, the transfer function is negative.
Linearity
The generally accepted definition of linearity is that specified in
MIL-0-55310. It is the ratio
between frequency error and total deviation, expressed in percent, where
frequency error is the maximum frequency excursion from the so-called “Best
Straight Line” drawn through a plot of output frequency vs control voltage. If the specification for an oscillator requires a linearity of ±10% and
the actual deviation is 10 kHz total as an example, the curve of output
frequency vs control voltage input could vary as much as ±1 kHz (10 kHz ±10%)
from the Best Straight Line. On the
other hand, if the maximum deviation from the Best Straight Line is 20 ppm and
the total deviation is 200 ppm, the linearity is ± 20 ppm/200 ppm = ± 10%,
which is the linearity value for a typical VCXO. Good VCXO design dictates that the voltage vs frequency curve be smooth
(no discontinuities) and monotonic.
Modulation rate/Frequency Response
This is the rate at which the control voltage can change resulting in a
corresponding frequency change. It
is measured by applying a sinewave signal with a peak value equal to the
specified control voltage, demodulating the VCXO's output signal, and comparing
the output level of the demodulated signal at different modulation rates. While non-crystal controlled VCOs can be modulated at very high rates
(greater than 1 MHz for output frequencies greater than 10 MHz), the modulation
rate of VCXOs is restricted by the physical characteristics of the crystal.
Stability vs. Pullability
A quartz crystal is a high Q device, which is the stability-determining
element for the crystal oscillator. It
inherently resists being "pulled" (deviated) from its designed
frequency. In order to produce a
VCXO with significant pullability, the oscillator circuit must be "de-Q'd". This results in degrading the inherent stability of the crystal in terms
of its frequency vs temperature characteristic, its aging characteristic, and
its short-term stability (and associated phase noise) characteristic. One particular scenario with VCXOs is that increased deviation results in
degraded stability which can result in the need for still wider deviation,
further degrading stability, resulting in a spiraling increase in the required
deviation. Therefore, it is in the
user's best interest not to specify a wider deviation than that absolutely
required.
Phase Locking Application
When a VCXO is being used in phase lock loop application, the deviation
should always be at least as great as the combined instability of the VCXO
itself and the reference or signal onto which it is being locked. However, if the open loop stability requirements of a system are more
stringent than what a standard VCXO can provide, a TC-VCXO may be required. For
the highest stability open loop requirements, the appropriate oscillators may be
those TCXOs or OCXOs that incorporate a narrow deviation VCXO option.
Oscillator Output Frequencies
Fundamental mode crystals (generally 10 - 35 MHz) permit the widest
deviation, while 3rd overtone crystals (generally 30 - 125 MHz) allow deviation
approximately 1/9thof that which applies to fundamentals. Therefore, all wide deviation VCXOs (greater than ±100 to ±200 ppm
deviation) uses fundamental crystals. On
the other hand, narrower deviation VCXOs can use either fundamental mode or 3rd
overtone crystals, and the selection of which often depends upon such
specifications as linearity and stability. It is rare that higher overtone, and therefore
higher frequency crystals find applications in VCXOs. Thus, VCXOs with output frequencies higher or lower than available
frequencies from the appropriate crystals include frequency multipliers or
dividers.
4. Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillators
The temperature characteristics of crystal oscillators are largely depending
on those of crystal units used which are generally expressed by cubic curves of
AT cut quartz blank. The
temperature compensating circuit, which must be custom-built for each unit, is
used to tune the oscillator just enough to offset the uncompensated frequency
change with temperature. TCXO features excellent temperature characteristics, fast
warm-up time (typically 50 to 1000 ms), low power consumption (10 to 150 mW),
lightweight, compactness, and with a fraction of the cost of an OCXO’s. It is ideally suited for various communications equipment such as
cellular phones, two-way radios, cordless telephones, microwave communications
equipment and satellite communications system, measurement instrument and many
more other applications.
Example of TCXO Compensation
Temperature Stability
With standard compensation techniques, fractional stabilities of around ±1
ppm for a temperature range of –40 C to +85 C can be achieved. Better stabilities can be achieved over narrower temperature ranges. The actual technique employed in all except the most simple TCXOs is
based upon use of a varactor diode in series with the crystal as follows:
A change in voltage causes a change in the capacitance of the varactor diode
resulting in a change in frequency of oscillation. The thermistor network is
tailored to the crystal to cause voltage to vary with temperature in such a
manner that will compensate for the crystal's frequency versus temperature
characteristic. As each individual
TCXO requires that its compensation network be matched to its individual
crystal, the cost of a TCXO is closely related to the difficulty of the
frequency versus temperature specification.
Frequency-temperature hysteresis
limits the ultimate attainable stability of a TCXO. The crystal resonator is a primary source of this hysteresis, which can
be minimized but not eliminated. To
allow for aging, most TCXO are made tunable over a small frequency range, using
a voltage control function (VCTCXO). A
typical functional tuning range is ±5 ppm.
Further, it should be noted that the frequency versus temperature
characteristic of a TCXO is not linear; thus a 2xl0-7total error
over O°C to +50°C will not produce a gradient of 2x10-7÷ 50 = 4x
10-9per ºC. Perturbations
in the crystal characteristics (activity dips) make it virtually impossible to
guarantee exceptional stability on a per degree basis in TCXOs.
Thermal Hysteresis
It is a measure of a TCXO to repeat the frequency versus temperature data
over multiple temperature cycles. Here the frequency of a TCXO is measured at one temperature. The temperature is changed and then returned to the original temperature
and the frequency is measured again. The
two frequencies are not the same. The
difference between the two frequencies is called “thermally induced hysteresis”. This phenomenon is present even if the unit is allowed to stabilize at
the same temperature for a long time. The
value of this thermal induced hysteresis is normally of the order of ±0.1 ppm for a good TCXO.
Thermal Transient
Thermal transient occurs when the rate of temperature change is high enough
for the frequency to no longer tack the well-behaved curve that is generated
when measured with slow temperature changes. An acceptable rate of the temperature change would be of the order of 0.5
C per minute. This effect is in a
large part due to the transient response of the crystal resonator, and the
separation between resonator and temperature sensing devices within the
oscillator. In an OCXO, it can also
depend on the stability and gain of the error amplifier used in the temperature
controller. Typical values are less
than ±0.2 ppm.
The testing and
compensation accuracies of TCXOs can be adversely affected by the
thermal-transient effect. As the
temperature is changed, the thermal-transient effect distorts the static F vs. T
characteristic, which leads to so-called apparent hysteresis. The faster the temperature is changed, the larger is the contribution of
the thermal-transient effect to the F vs. T performance.
Aging
In clock oscillators with moderate temperature stability, aging is usually of
little consequence. However, in highly temperature stable TCXOs, crystal aging
becomes a significant factor in the oscillator's overall frequency error. Therefore, it is very common for TCXOs to employ specially processed
crystals in evacuated glass or cold weld holders.
Shock
Shock is defined as a sudden powerful blow. A typical shock number for TCXOs is 100g.
Mechanical Trim and EFC (electrical frequency control)
Mechanical trim allows the frequency to be adjusted via an internal
potentiometer (pot). The pot is
accessed through a sealed or unsealed hole.
EFC (electrical frequency control) requires an external circuit to adjust the
frequency. The external circuit
usually consists of a pot or DAC. The power for this circuit can be applied via an external
voltage source supplied by the customer or an internal reference voltage
supplied by the manufacturer.
5. Oven Controlled Crystal Oscillators
In an OCXO the crystal and other temperature sensitive circuitry is placed in
a temperature controlled structure. The
idea is to keep the crystal at a stable temperature higher than the highest
ambient temperature to which the OCXO will be exposed. For best results, the oven is set to the resonators turnover temperature. Either AT-cut or SC- cut crystal resonators may be used. The SC-cut crystal resonator offers the best overall performance, while
the AT-cuts offers lower cost.
The primary reason behind controlling the temperature is to remove the effect
of temperature induced anomalies. All
quartz crystal resonators are associated with those thermal anomalies that only
allow compensation (or predictability) to within ±0.1 ppm. The other reason is to allow
the use of higher overtone crystals which are not very pullable but very stable,
to be set at particular frequency by controlling the temperature. The use of higher overtone crystals also results in improved short-term
stability resulting from higher Q of the resonators, and improved long-term
performance resulting from the increased quartz mass of the resonators.
The greatest advantage of
an OCXO is its stability, which is unequalled by other crystal oscillator types. The frequency versus temperature stability of an OCXO depends on the
static and dynamic F vs. T characteristics of the resonator, the design
temperature range of the OCXO, the stability of the oven and of the components
in the sustaining circuitry, and the accuracy with which the oven is set to the
turnover temperature of the resonator. Typical
fractional stability can range from ±
20 ppb (±20E-9)
to ±100 ppb. This stability can be
valid for a temperature range of –40 C to + 85 C.
Improved stability can be obtained over narrow temperature ranges.
The main disadvantage of an OCXO is power consumption, unit size, warm-up
time and cost. The amount of oven
power required is determined mainly by the quality of insulation used and the
temperature differential between the oven and the external environment. Increasing amount of insulation to reduce heat loss requires an increase
in size, resulting in a tradeoff between power and size. Warm-up time is the time required for the oven to reach operating
temperature and for the frequency to stabilize. It is largely dependent on available power, the thermal mass
of the oven, the quality of insulation, and ambient temperature. Typical warm-up times are from 15 seconds to 5 minutes.
Setting Oven Temperature
The oven operating temperature (crystal turnover temperature) must be several
degrees higher than the highest ambient temperature in which the oscillator is
to operate in order that the oven may maintain good control (considering the
internal heat rise generated by the oscillator itself).
However, there are disadvantages associated with high oven temperature
operation. First, the crystal's frequency vs. temperature characteristic is
sharper with higher turnover crystals resulting in more sensitivity to minute
changes in oven temperature. Second,
and more important, crystal aging degrade with an increasing temperature. Therefore, in designing an oven controlled crystal oscillator, one is
faced with a compromise in determining the desired oven operating temperature;
it should be low as practicable, but it must be high enough to provide good
control at the maximum ambient operating temperature.
Warm-up on Crystal Resonator
Changing the temperature
surrounding a crystal unit produces thermal gradients when, for example, heat
flows to or from the active area of the resonator plate through the mounting
clips. The static F vs. T
characteristic is modified by the thermal-transient effect resulting from the
thermal-gradient-induced stresses. When
an OCXO is turned on, there can be a significant thermal-transient effect.
For an OCXO utilizing the
AT-cut resonator, the crystal resonator frequency rapidly decreases as the oven
warms up. This is simply due to the
fact that the frequency of an AT cut crystal is considerably higher at
room temperature than at its upper turnover temperature. In a standard OCXO, the oven balances in 10 to 15
minutes, but the thermal gradients in the AT-cut crystal produce a large
frequency undershoots (rubber band effect) that anneals out to its final
frequency several minutes after the oven reaches equilibrium. Typically, relatively high degree of stability is achieved within 30
minutes after turn-on and this time can be reduced to less than 5 minutes in
special fast warm-up designs. On the other hand, the SC-cut crystal, being "stress-compensated" and
thereby insensitive to such thermal-transient-induced stresses, reaches the
equilibrium frequency as soon as the oven stabilizes.
Oven Stability
The oven stability depends
on the temperature range outside the OCXO and the thermal gain of the oven. The thermal gain is defined as the external to internal temperature
excursion ratio. For example, if
during an external temperature excursion from -40oC to +60oC,
the temperature inside the oven changes by 0.1oC, the thermal gain is
103. In addition,
the thermal transient effect makes small oven offsets more difficult and time
consuming to achieve with AT-cut resonators than with SC-cut designs.
When the required temperature stability is beyond that which can be achieved
with a standard proportionally controlled oven, a double oven system can be
employed in which the standard oven is housed within a second oven. The outer
oven then buffers the ambient temperature changes to the inner oven, which
contain the oscillator circuit.
Stabilization Time and Steady State
This defines as the time taken to reach a certain level of stability after a
long period of being turned off. Oven power reaches the specified maximum, after which it cuts
back to reach steady state when the oven has reached its operating temperature. Power consumption for OCXOs is typically around 5W at warm-up and 1.5W at
steady state, depending on size.
Retrace
Retrace is the frequency error after power is applied, comparing to the
previous value and aging rate before power was removed. When measuring the retrace, the normal period that the OCXO is powered
off is 24 hours, and the normal period powered up is to have sufficient time to
allow complete thermal equilibrium. Good
retrace is obtained by proper design of the oscillator, oven mechanics, and
crystal resonator. This is of the
order of ±
20 to ±50 ppb. There is significant
variation in these characteristics from crystal to crystal. In addition to the crystal related effected described above, thermal
stresses from heating and cooling the oven structure can also contribute to the
retrace, and changes in aging rate. In
most applications, OCXOs are continuously powered up. This being the case, aging is the critical characteristic
with turn-off/turn-on characteristic being of little or no significance. However, when applications require frequent turn-off, an additional
series of characteristics (such as Retrace) should be considered.
Double Rotated (SC-cut) Crystals
While most high stability crystal oscillators use AT-cut crystals, SC-cut
crystals are often used in the highest stability OCXO models. An SC-cut
crystal is one of a family of double rotated crystals (quartz crystals cut on an
angle relative to two of the three crystallographic axes). Others in the family include the IT-cut and FC-cut. The SC-cut represents the optimum double rotated design as its particular
angle provides maximum stress compensation. Following is a comparison between double rotated and AT-cut crystals.
Advantages
of the SC-cut crystals:
Improved aging – For a given frequency and overtone (e.g.
10 MHz, 3rdovertone), the SC-cut crystal provides 2 to 3 times aging
improvement relative to AT-cut.
Thermal transient compensated - Allowing faster warm-up in
OCXOs
Phase noise – For a given oscillator design for a
particular crystal frequency and overtone, the SC-cut crystal provides higher Q
and associated improved phase noise characteristics.
Planar stress compensated - Smaller changes in frequency due
to edge forces and bending
Static and dynamic F vs. T - Allowing higher stability OCXO
and MCXO
Better F vs. T repeatability - Allowing higher stability OCXO
and MCXO
Far fewer activity dips
Lower drive level sensitivity
Lower sensitivity to radiation
Disadvantages
of the SC-cut crystals:
Cost - Because of difficulties associated with
tightly-controlled angle rotations around two axes in the manufacture of SC
crystals vs one axis for the AT, the SC crystal is significantly higher in cost
than that of an AT of the same frequency and overtone.
Pullability - The motional capacitance of an SC
crystal is several times less than that of an AT of the same frequency and
overtone, thus reducing the ability to "pull" the crystal frequency. This restricts the SC crystal from being used in conventional TCXOs and
VCXOs, or even in oven controlled oscillators requiring the ability to deviate
the frequency of oscillation by any significant degree.
In summary, the suitability of double rotated crystals for use in crystal
oscillators is essentially restricted to those oven controlled applications
where the improved aging, warm-up, and close-in phase noise characteristics
justify a significant cost increase.
Allan Variance
Allan Variance, also known as short-term stability, is the measure of
oscillator stability in the time-domain. It measures the RMS change in
successive frequency measurements for short gate times (milliseconds to seconds)
and is important in timing applications. It typically improves as the gate
time increases until it becomes a measure of the medium to long term drift of
the oscillator. This drift is either the result of the temperature
coefficient of the oscillator, and/or the aging. Typical numbers for a 10 MHz OCXOs are shown in the following Table.
Seconds
0.01
1 x 10-10
0.1
5 x 10-11
1
1 x 10-11
6. Spread Spectrum Crystal Oscillators
A spread spectrum crystal oscillator is an oscillator that has the output
frequency intentionally modulated in order to reduce the EMI on the output
signal. By modulating the output signal, the EMI on the output signal is
'spread' over a larger frequency 'spectrum'. The total amount of energy is
still present, but the spreading of the output power over the frequency band
results in a reduction of EMI at any one frequency. The regulatory bodies
like the US FCC have maximum limits for the peak EMI emissions (emissions at any
one frequency within the spectrum). Therefore, a quartz crystal clock
oscillator can be used to pass FCC regulatory EMI test requirements by reducing
EMI peak emissions.
There are two major factors that significantly affect the amount of peak
EMI reduction for a spread spectrum clock oscillator: Output Frequency
Modulation Width (or Spread Spectrum Range, FMAX- FMIN)
and Frequency Modulation Profile. The wider the modulation frequency
spread percentage, the larger the bandwidth of frequencies over which the energy
is distributed, and therefore the more EMI peak reduction. In general, the
spread spectrum quartz crystal oscillators use the non-linear, optimized
modulation profile, which is often called the 'Hershey Kiss' profile as shown in
the following. | msmarco_doc_00_26956219 | ||
http://4uplayas.com/index.php/2019/09/05/ultimate-hustle-castle-dungeon-boss-guide/ | Ultimate Hustle Castle Dungeon Boss Guide – 4 U Playas | Ultimate Hustle Castle Dungeon Boss Guide
Ultimate Hustle Castle Dungeon Boss Guide
General Tips
Click the links below to jump to a specific boss and stay tuned for more updates!
The Beast
Gatekeeper
Goblin King
Invincible One (mole/rat)
If you know how to beat this boss, please share how you did it in the comments!
NEW – Kingdom of Sand
Use:
Avoid:
(NEW) Lost Temple
Monstrosity Boss (AKA Squid)
Oculus
Pharaoh (Emperor’s Chambers)
Shorty
Summoner Mage
Mistress (AKA Spider Queen)
Smoke
Supreme Mage
Treebeard
Vampire Count
| Ultimate Hustle Castle Dungeon Boss Guide – 4 U Playas
Ultimate Hustle Castle Dungeon Boss Guide
Always Vee September 5, 2019
August 30, 2020
Do you play Hustle Castle? Have you been trying to defeat the bosses in the Dungeon? Well, this may help. These are some of the combos that we and others have tried and have had success.
General Tips
In general it is recommended that you keep a couple of Resurrection and restore mages around for use at most of the way stations.
Read the cards for each boss and the way station modifiers very carefully. Many times, that is what causes teams to lose very early in the match.
Understand that there is more than one way to win and infinite levels and types of troop combinations. Don’t be afraid to experiment and see what works well for you and your partner!
Click the links below to jump to a specific boss and stay tuned for more updates!
You can also bookmark this page to use while playing.
The Beast
Gatekeeper
Goblin King
Invincible One
AKA Mole – Rat
Monstrosity
AKA Squid
Oculus
Pharaoh/ Emporer
Shorty
Summoner Mage
Mistress (Spider Queen)
Smoke
Supreme Mage
Treebeard
Vampire Count
NEW – Lost Temple
NEW – Kingdom of Sand
The Beast
Use: 2 archers, 3 tanks, 2 mage.
Avoid:
Description: Large brown creature. Attacks all enemies starting in the back line, middle and finally front.
Strategy: The faster you can get his health down (damage per second), the faster he will change phases. Usually when he hits the middle group (mages) will be the most dangerous.
Back to the list
Gatekeeper
Use: Tanks, 1 archer, 3 healers.
Avoid: REZ (Resurrection), Damage Mage. Anything with Instakill.
Description: Prevents resurrection and attacks all enemies. Absorbs magic damage and heals himself.
Strategy: Uses magic damage to restore its own health.
Tip from Alex below: Bring a self rez rez mage. He stuns mages, so your whole mage line will likely wipe. Then the next phase, the self rez can bring them all back up
Back to the list
Goblin King
Use: Rez, heal and 3 tanks (archer ok too).
Avoid
Description Hairy green looking thing Casts chain lightning.
Strategy: Tip: A balanced or front heavy squad seems to work best, but you may have mixed results. The chain lightning adds up so rez/restore is a must
Back to the list
Invincible One (mole/rat)
If you know how to beat this boss, please share how you did it in the comments!
Use:
Avoid: No Mage
Description: Grotto of the invincible One Way station
Strategy: Do not use mages at all. We have won that way. But We’ve lost a lot of fighters. Also try to beat your other boss (es) before tackling this one.
@Matthew used all tanks on the Invincible Mole/Rat boss.
Back to the list
NEW – Kingdom of Sand
Use:
Avoid:
Back to the list
(NEW) Lost Temple
Use: Still testing
Avoid: Archers
This guy throws fire arrows that pretty much take out the whole army!
@Seppe thanks for the advice! Per Seppe: avoid archers. Also 4 self healing tanks, Rez and Healing)
Back to the list
Monstrosity Boss (AKA Squid)
Use: Rez and Damange Mage, Archers.
Avoid: Tanks
Description: Green Lakey kinda swampy thing.
Strategy: Range. Archers, Mage, and especially Rez are helpful. It kills tanks on death so not a great idea.
@Patty below adds the following: we will update once we come across him again. Monstrosity (the squid) you can’t use archers since he’s immune to physical damage, only mages. And now he heals with your healers so best to use only rez and damage mages.
Back to the list
Oculus
Use: Tanks and rez in case of mind control.
Avoid: No Instant Kill units
Description: Three-eyed Red Monster. He mind controls and summons minions to attack you.
Strategy: Having heavy frontline/backstab appears to work the best here.
Back to the list
Pharaoh (Emperor’s Chambers)
Use: 2 Rez, heal, Archer and Tanks
Avoid:
Description: Looks like a skinny mummy
Strategy: Tip: the problem is really that the annoying minion who slashes through the backline do not let him get to the mages. Assassins are good.
Back to the list
Shorty
Use: Resurrection and Restore mages.
Avoid: Archers and assassins. Even if nothing else is available.
Description: Giant. Only his feet are visible in battle.
Strategy: to win. Survive three 30-second waves. Tip: Bring an “Once in a while – “ Abyssal Summoning artifact, if available. It will distract the Boss and lessen group hits.
Tip from King Saxomo: It’s classic David vs. Goliath. I use my 4 weakest and have 1-run him 5 out of 6 times.
Tip from Alex in the comments below: Just use rez and heal mages. Our clan has beat him with just 4 mages (3 rez one heal).
Back to the list
Summoner Mage
Use: Mixture (Example: 2 tanks, 2 healers, 2 resurrections, 1 archer, 1 assassin)
Avoid:
Description: Large Mage
Strategy:
Back to the list
Mistress (AKA Spider Queen)
Use: Archers, Mage, 1 tank.
Avoid:
Description: Mistress Realm Waypoint. She summons mobs of minions but is relatively easy to beat.
Strategy: Use lots of range. Can use one tank or assn. mostly mage and summon artifacts.
Back to the list
Smoke
Use: 2-3 rez, tanks/assassins
Avoid:
Description: Red Dragon
Strategy: First he only wounds the back row (archers) with a lava-rock spell, then the middle row where the wizards are, and finally the melee fighters. Assassins are great here.
Back to the list
Supreme Mage
Use: Balanced group of troops
Avoid: Tanks. Could use one but avoid many.
Description: Teleports around the map and damage does area damage.
Strategy: Balanced army
@ matthew adds: For Supreme Mage, using an teleporting assassin works best, or teleporting tank works very well. My wife killed it solo with her assassin.
Back to the list
Treebeard
Use: 2-3 Archers, 5-6 Rez
Avoid: Tanks, healers, damage mages, instakill ability.
Description:
Strategy:
Back to the list
Vampire Count
Use: All Range troops (Example: 4 archers, 1 dmg mage, 2 rez, 1 healer)
Avoid: Insta-kill, Tanks.
Description: Flying Bat
Strategy: Use range. Usually pretty easy to beat.
Back to the list | msmarco_doc_00_26992545 |
http://4urranch.com/blog/2012/08/the-lone-ranger-movie-filming-in-creede-co/ | The Lone Ranger Movie Filming in Creede, CO - 4UR Ranch - A Colorado Dude Ranch | The Lone Ranger Movie Filming in Creede, CO
The Lone Ranger Movie Filming in Creede, CO | The Lone Ranger Movie Filming in Creede, CO - 4UR Ranch - A Colorado Dude Ranch
« 4UR Two-For-One Special for Kids’ Summer Guest Ranch Vacation
2012 Labor Day Weekend Events in Creede, CO »
The Lone Ranger Movie Filming in Creede, CO
Originally a long-running radio show then television show, The Lone Ranger has been an enduring icon of American popular culture since 1933. The weekly radio show had 2,956 episodes featuring the black-masked rider on his white stallion, Silver, having adventures in the Old West. The Lone Ranger TV show starring Clayton Moore was also a hit, running for nearly ten years and creating spin-offs such as comic books and movies. The Lone Ranger movie serials were fun black & white movies full of action and heroics that created generations of fans through the original theatrical releases and television reruns.
The Lone Ranger
The Lone Ranger In Creede, CO
The fame of the Lone Ranger continues to be renewed by re-releases of the original radio and televisions shows as well as movies, comics, toys and other Lone Ranger memorabilia. And now Walt Disney Pictures has a new Lone Ranger movie starring Johnny Depp as Tonto and Armie Hammer as the Lone Ranger. There was a lot of excitement for all of us locally since some of the filming was done in very own town of Creede, CO this past June. The dramatic mountains and broad valleys of our area have just the right Old West feel for the movie.
Local folks enjoyed the chance to get into some of the Lone Ranger movie action. Johnny Depp spent time in Creede meeting fans and signing autographs. There were also open casting calls for the movie, with priority given to local people from Creede and the San Luis Valley in general. When you see the movie, if you’ve ever had the chance to meet the friendly people of Creede, keep an eye out for some familiar faces in the scenes with cavalry and townsfolk.
The Lone Ranger Comes to 4UR!
Well…one of the actresses did! We had the pleasure of hosting one of the actresses from the new Lone Ranger movie at our Colorado dude ranch. She relaxed on horseback and in our hot springs pool. Her parents even came out to join her for a few days. She was a very sweet, down-to-earth person. You’d never know she was famous. It was really an honor to have her stay with us.
We’re all looking forward to seeing the movie when it’s released during summer of 2013.
Posted in: Dude Ranch News, Uncategorized
Tags: Armie Hammer as the Lone Ranger, Johnny Depp as Tonto, Lone Ranger In Creede CO, Lone Ranger Movie Filming in Creede, Lone Ranger TV show, new Lone Ranger movie | msmarco_doc_00_26999505 |
http://4vfr.com/?goto=view_article§ion=articles&article_key=403 | Private Pilot Flight Training - Category |
Private Pilot Flight Training and Instruction | Private Pilot Flight Training - Category
Private Pilot Flight Training and Instruction
Flight Training Article Library | Back To 4VFR.COM
Category
Normal Category is a certification category. This category has a maximum G loading of +3.8 G's (positive G's) -1.52 G's (negative G's). Usually spins and other maneuvers that exceed the normal flight envelope are prohibited.
Utility Category is a certification category. This category has a maximum G loading of +4.4 G's and -1.76 G's. Aircraft in this category are approved for maneuvers that are not acceptable in the Normal category. Spins are required for certification in the Utility category.
Frequently aircraft are certified in the normal category at published gross weights. The same aircraft may also have a certification in the Utility category with different weight and CG limits.. The category it falls into is dependent on it's weight and CG location. The 150 is a utility category aircraft up to it's gross weight. The Acrobat models are single certified in the acrobatic category. The 172 is certified in both categories (at differnt gross weights).
Highflyer et al
Written by Gene Whitt
Flight Training Article Library | Back To 4VFR.COM
| msmarco_doc_00_27002483 |
http://4vfr.com/?goto=view_article§ion=articles&article_key=405 | Private Pilot Flight Training - FAR 91 aircraft equipment required Day |
Private Pilot Flight Training and Instruction | Private Pilot Flight Training - FAR 91 aircraft equipment required Day
Private Pilot Flight Training and Instruction
Flight Training Article Library | Back To 4VFR.COM
FAR 91 aircraft equipment required Day
VFR minimum equipment: airspeed, altimeter, compass, tachometer, fuel gauge, oil temperature, oil pressure, (gear indicator and manifold pressure)
Night VFR minimum equipment: Position lights, beacon, power source, and a flashlight. Class D airspace requires a radio while Class C and B requires radio, and an encoding transponder.
Transponder required above 10,000' in TCA, in ARSA, and above ARSA. FAR 91.413 requires the transponder to be checked and certified within the preceding 24 calendar months.
Oxygen requirements change at 12,500, 13,000, and 14,000
High altitude checkout required to fly pressurized aircraft.
Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) is required on all aircraft with some exceptions. FAR 91.207. 50 nm training flights are exempted. The ELT battery must be replaced after one hour of use or on a date of expected half-life. The ELT must be placarded and signed as to date of installation and the expiration dates of this half-life. The logbooks also require a signature by an Airframe & Power Plant (A&P) for this information. As a pilot you must know where to find this information.
IFR flight has specific checks of VORs, altimeters, and static systems.
Registration is required for legal ownership. The only way to be sure of registration is to check with the FAA Aircraft Registration Branch, in Oklahoma City. Every three years the validity of this registration must be confirmed to the FAA. FAR Part 47. This is a very neglected part of aircraft paper work. Registration expires according to Advisory Circular 61-23B after any of the following:
(1) Replaced by foreign registry
(2) Aircraft destroyed/scrapped
(3) Request to cancel
(4) Holder loses U.S. citizenship
(5) 30 days after death of holder
(6) Transfer of ownership
(7) Registration expires if owner leaves country for 6 months. A waiver of this expiration can be obtained.
Placards or manuals must be in every aircraft, giving the performance limitations of the aircraft not limited to maneuvering speed, gross weight, prohibitions, and performance. Color-coded markings on the instruments are part of the limitations. Color codes on the airspeed indicator show never exceed speeds, normal operating speeds, flap operating speeds, and turbulent air limitations. The tachometer shows never exceed RPM, and sometimes ranges to be avoided for continuous operations. Normally, you wouldn't need a specific document, on file with the FAA, listing the operating limitations for a specific model aircraft.
Weight and balance papers are specific to each aircraft and must be available. Any subsequent items permanently affixed to the aircraft must be added as weight and balance elements to the papers. It is a violation of the FARs to operate an aircraft in non-compliance of the operating limitations of the airworthiness certificate. Some aircraft manuals (Mooney's) are required equipment.
Airframe and engine logbooks must show all maintenance performed. Any aircraft used for instructional purposes must have 100-hour inspections. All aircraft are required to have annual inspections. Minor maintenance may be performed by other than a licensed mechanic. It is a violation of the FARs to operate an aircraft in non-compliance of the operating limitations of the airworthiness certificate. The recommendations of manufacturer bulletins and the operating handbook regarding maintenance should be followed. FAR 91.407 requires a flight check and aircraft sign-off for any maintenance that changes flight characteristics. During the test you will be expected to know the location, requirements, and terminology of these logs as well as to explain the numbering system and meaning of each column on the AD chart.
Go through both the airframe and engine logbooks and post-it the last annual, inspection, the last 100-hour, the last ELT entry, the last transponder entry, and any supplemental modifications made.
Consider the CHECKLIST a required document.
Written by Gene Whitt
Flight Training Article Library | Back To 4VFR.COM
| msmarco_doc_00_27003963 |
http://4wheelcenter.com/ | 4 Wheel Center |
4 WHEEL CENTER
COMPLETE
AUTO SERVICE
SERVING EL PASO
ABOUT US
DELIVERING
SUPERIOR SERVICE
FOLLOW US!
| 4 Wheel Center
·
·
·
HOME
SERVICES
APPOINTMENT
F.A.Q.
CONTACT US
4 WHEEL CENTER
COMPLETE
AUTO SERVICE
4 Wheel Center is the region’s oldest, most well-known off-road vehicle customization shop. We are driven to be the most preferred custom fabrication and repair shop in the industry. We specialize in the highest quality brands and custom fabrications for suspension, accessories, lighting and tires. Our dealer-certified, qualified technicians are well-versed in the latest industry innovations, techniques and products. We even have an in-house mechanic for any vehicle repairs, maintenance or full restorations you may need.
4WC JEEP PRODUCTS
HAS YOU COVERED!
EXTENSIVE INVENTORY
Need an easier way to climb into your newly lifted truck or jeep? Are you looking for some added protection to keep your vehicle free from damage? How about a winch to help you get out of those sticky situations? Are you lacking storage space for your tools, luggage or hunting gear? Whatever the case may be, 4 Wheel Center has you covered!
4 WHEEL CENTER
HOLLEY
PERFORMANCE PRODUCTS!
Offering a complete line of ALL Holley Performance Products!
4 Wheel Center PRESENTS
MONTHLY
CAR & TRUCK CRUISE-IN
Share you 4-wheel passion! Join us every first Saturday of the Month at 4 Wheel Center. Cruise around town and Cruise-IN to show off your ride! All makes and models welcome. For more information call: (915) 593-4848
SERVING EL PASO
SINCE 1977
The creation of 4 Wheel Center was sparked by Carlos Enriquez’ love of Baja racing. He worked tirelessly to customize, repair and race all of his vehicles. He took that passion and created 4 Wheel Center in 1977.
His knowledge and expertise are still known today throughout the industry. The ever changing, ever growing off-road industry demands that he keep his team up to date with all the latest trends and products. And Carlos still comes into the shop every day to school everyone! Today his daughter Sonia embodies that same passion and drive. She continues to innovate and push industry boundaries. She holds the company, her team and herself to the highest standards, ensuring every client receives superior service and products.
SERVICES
ABOUT US
4 Wheel Center is a local, family-owned business serving the borderland since 1977. We have a strong work ethic and know the value of your hard work and hard-earned money. We approach every client and project as if they were our own. Our knowledgeable owners and team provide superior service and deliver 100 percent satisfaction, giving you and your vehicle what you deserve!
At 4 Wheel Center, we support the four wheel drive community, forge strong relationships with the best parts and accessories suppliers in the industry, and work hard to develop a skill set that is second to none when it comes to adding performance, capability, and style to your 4X4.
KNOW MORE
DELIVERING
SUPERIOR SERVICE
4 Wheel Center takes pride and care when increasing the capabilities or your Jeep, Truck, or SUV. We have built a reputation with over 40 years of experience, expert technicians, integrity and work ethic that you need when it comes to upgrading your current off road vehicle, or building your next one. From Show to Go, whether you're in for a suspension upgrade or you're finally ready to restore that dream classic, we're with you every step of the way to accomplish the finished product you envision.
With our extensive inventory of aftermarket parts, you're sure to satisfy your off-road needs.
FOLLOW US!
FIND OUT ABOUT OUR PROJECTS BEFORE ANYONE ELSE!
LightWidget - Responsive Widget for Instagram
0 0
2020 Chevrolet Silverado upfitted with #roughcountry 3.5” lift kit! #4wheelcenter #veteranowned #familyownedandoperated #since1977 #elpasotx #eptx #shoplocal #shopsmall #onestopshop #suspensionexperts #homeofdrdoolie
0 0
2015 Lexus GX460 w/ #Dobinsons 1.5-3.5” lift kit!
0 0
2020 Chevrolet AT4 freshly upfitted w/ #roughcountry 4” lift! #4wheelcenter #veteranowned #familyownedandoperated #since1977 #elpasotx #eptx #shoplocal #shopsmall #onestopshop #suspensionexperts #homeofdrdoolie
0 0
Big shoutout to @overlandvehiclesystems for stopping by this morning! If you’re getting into the overlanding game or already in it, they’re got all the right things to make your experiences that much greater. Be on the lookout for their product here @4wheelcenter! #4wheelcenter #veteranowned #familyownedandoperated #since1977 #elpasotx #eptx #shoplocal #shopsmall #onestopshop #suspensionexperts #homeofdrdoolie
0 0
Special guest out here today! Pink Panther 00JR, fresh off the track and driven be our very own Ramon Porras, who’s come out here from Juarez, Chih. hang for a bit! #4wheelcenter #veteranowned #familyownedandoperated #since1977 #elpasotx #eptx #shoplocal #shopsmall #onestopshop #suspensionexperts #homeofdrdoolie
0 0
0 0
Check this beaut out! A 1988 Chevrolet Silverado V30 Dually up-fitted with @skyjacker 6” suspension kit and sitting on 35” @nittotire Trail Grapplers, putting this beast on to a whole new level of sweet! #4wheelcenter #veteranowned #familyownedandoperated #since1977 #elpasotx #eptx #shoplocal #shopsmall #onestopshop #suspensionexperts #homeofdrdoolie #chevrolet #squarebody #v30 #dually
0 0
ANNOUNCEMENT!!! We are stoked to announce that we’ll be hosting monthly Swap Meets, open to all who have car and truck parts to sell, and to all clubs in the area, starting February 20th and on through October. Registration is free so call today to reserve a spot. Swap meets will be open from 9am to 5pm on scheduled dates. Whether you want to sell or just browse to buy, we look forward to having you be a part of this and making this a regular thing here at 4 Wheel Center. Please be reminded that in doing so, we continue to follow CDC guidelines to help keep everyone safe and healthy for an enjoyable experience. We ask that you continue doing so as well by wearing your mask and keeping socially distant while at this event. We hope to see you then and make sure to SAVE THE DATES! #4wheelcenter #veteranowned #familyownedandoperated #since1977 #elpasotx #eptx #shoplocal #shopsmall #onestopshop #suspensionexperts #homeofdrdoolie
0 0
Atomic Power! #msdignition #holleyperformance #atomicefi #chevy #blazer #og #bowtie #4wheelcenter #veteranowned #familyownedandoperated #since1977 #elpasotx #eptx #shoplocal #shopsmall #onestopshop #suspensionexperts #homeofdrdoolie
0 0
With only a few days left ‘til Christmas, make sure to come on by and see how we can get you everything you wished for this year! MERRY CHRISTMAS! #4wheelcenter #veteranowned #familyownedandoperated #since1977 #elpasotx #eptx #shoplocal #shopsmall #onestopshop #suspensionexperts #homeofdrdoolie #
0 0
If you haven’t heard, this year’s #SunBowl parade will be broadcast virtually on @ktsmtv #channel9 Thanksgiving morning at 10am! And... if you tune in, make sure to keep an eye out for Dr. Doolie and the rest of the #4WheelCenter family as we help keep this #ElPaso tradition alive! #4wheelcenter #veteranowned #familyownedandoperated #since1977 #elpasotx #eptx #shoplocal #shopsmall #onestopshop #suspensionexperts #homeofdrdoolie
0 0
From one veteran to another, Happy Veteran’s Day! #CarlosEnriquez #ThankYou | msmarco_doc_00_27008543 |
http://4wheeldrive.about.com/cs/beginningatv/a/atvriderhelmets_2.htm | What to Look for When Buying an Off-Road or ATV Helmet | How to Shop for an ATV Helmet
How to Shop for an ATV Helmet
Other Reasons to Wear a Helmet
Choosing the Right Style of Helmet
Basic Helmet Features
New vs. Used
Finding the Right Fit
Before You Leave the Store
Other Features to Consider
Exterior
Interior
Ventilation
Mouth area
Visors and face shields
Miscellaneous
About Safety Ratings
Other Safety Considerations
| What to Look for When Buying an Off-Road or ATV Helmet
Hobbies Cars & Motorcycles
How to Shop for an ATV Helmet
Share
PINTEREST
Email
Westend61 / Getty Images
Cars & Motorcycles
ATVs & Off Road
Cars
Motorcycles
Used Cars
SUVs
Trucks
Public Transportation
By
Jim Walczak
Jim Walczak is a Jeep and off-roading enthusiast and the publisher of "Fun Times Guide: Jeep Guide."
our editorial process
Jim Walczak
Updated August 10, 2018
Depending on the state you live in, odds are a helmet, whether open-face or full-face, is a required piece of equipment for all ATV riders and passengers. Helmets are the single most effective means of preventing head injuries, some of which could result in a permanent disability or even death. That is why choosing the right helmet is so important.
Other Reasons to Wear a Helmet
The helmet you put on your head may be the only thing responsible for saving your life when your own judgment, skill, and luck have failed to keep you from harm. Safety aside, however, there are other compelling reasons for wearing a helmet when you go out riding. A good helmet will:
Cut down on ambient wind noise, allowing you to hear other sounds more clearly
Protect you from flying insects
Keep you more alert by reducing wind fatigue
Offer excellent eye protection and allow you to see more clearly
Assuming you choose a brightly colored helmet, you'll be easier to spot by other off-roaders
Choosing the Right Style of Helmet
If possible, opt for an " off-road " or "Motocross" helmet over a standard motorcycle helmet. Motorcycle helmets will serve the purpose just fine, but you might enjoy some of the unique features that come with helmets made specifically for off-road riding. To help you determine whether you want a full-face, open-face, or an off-road/Motocross helmet, consider the following:
Full-face helmets provide excellent protection, thanks to their built-in face shields. In addition, the molding extends over your chin and mouth for added protection.
Open-face helmets are less constrictive, but they provide the least protection and do not protect your chin and mouth area. Though they do come with chin straps, in this case, these are primarily a means of keeping the helmet securely on your head.
Off-road/Motocross helmets are recommended for those who ride ATVs aggressively. These helmets cover most of your face and have a solid piece of molding jutting out over your chin and jaw. Off-road helmets are different from regular full-face helmets in that they provide optimum ventilation (nose, mouth, sides, and top), a flip-up visor that also serves as a face shield, and many other unique features beneficial for rigorous off-road riding.
Basic Helmet Features
It's imperative to buy a helmet that is going to meet a variety of needs. At the very least, look for a helmet with these features:
Plenty of comfort padding (the soft foam-rubber padding that touches your skin)
A good seal around the ear, but not touching the ear itself
A neck roll that nestles against the back of your head and neck
An absence of protruding components inside the helmet, like face shield attachments or strap fasteners
DOT and/or Snell certifications
A liner featuring a good amount of EPS, that hard Styrofoam-type cushioning that absorbs the force of an impact. Some helmets just cover the minimum mandated area with EPS; others line the entire shell with it. If your helmet has a chin bar, then the EPS should extend there as well.
A face shield certified to meet the standards of VESC-8 or ANSI Z-87. (Snell-certified helmets meet even stricter standards.) The face shield should also be easy to open and close should stay in position when raised, and should not distort your view or block your peripheral vision.
New vs. Used
Believe it or not, all helmets have a shelf life. That's because they are made of materials that deteriorate with age. As such, they have a limited lifespan and must be replaced after five years, less if the manufacturer recommends it.
Glues, resins, and other materials used to make the helmet eventually break down as well, which affects the interior liner. This liner will also start to deteriorate over time as it comes into contact with hair oils, body fluids, and/or cosmetics. All this, in addition to normal wear and tear, leads to helmet degradation.
Finally, keep in mind that a helmet is good for only one impact. If you ever dent or crack your helmet for any reason, replace it immediately. All of the safety features become obsolete once a helmet is distressed in any way. Helmets are constructed so that the energy of a blow is managed by the helmet, causing its partial destruction (which may not necessarily be visible to the eye).
So the bottom line when purchasing a helmet is to always buy new, never used.
Finding the Right Fit
Most people make the mistake of buying a helmet that's too large, especially when buying youth-size helmets. Many budget-minded parents tend to over-size their children's helmets in order to get an extra year or two of wear. This can be dangerous. Proper fit is absolutely key to maximizing protection, and too large a helmet can defeat its purpose. Likewise, a too-large helmet is likely to be noisy due to increased wind resistance, and it will physically tire you out trying to keep the helmet in place.
To find your correct fit, first determine the circumference of the widest part of your head (the area one-inch above your eyes and ears) by wrapping a flexible tape measure around it. Then try on a helmet one size smaller and larger than your measured size (helmet sizes are not consistent).
If the helmet feels loose when you shake your head side to side, front to back, or up and down, or if you can pull the helmet on without having to spread the sides a bit, it is too big. Basically, there should be very little "play" in the way the helmet sits on your head. In fact, the helmet should not be able to move around on your head without it tugging on your skin a bit. To test this, grab the helmet with both hands and try to move the helmet forward and backward and from side to side. The helmet fits right if your skin moves with the liner of the helmet. A properly fitted helmet might seem tight as you pull it on because the foam components that seal out the wind noise are made to conform to your head. If a helmet pulls on too easily without resistance of such padding, it will probably be noisy and uncomfortable in the long run. A full-face helmet should grip your cheeks and jaw as well as the top and sides of your head.
Once you've found the helmet you think fits you best, wear it around the store for 10 or 15 minutes. If you can see clearly in all directions, and you aren't physically fatigued by the weight of the helmet or by its looseness or tightness, and the helmet manages to stay in place when you jump up and down and lean from side to side, then that helmet fits you properly.
Finally, check the helmet's position. People have a tendency to wear a helmet too far back, but they are meant to be worn low on the forehead, just above your eyebrows. If you can't see the edge of the brim at the extreme upper range of your vision, the helmet is probably too far back. Try to remove the helmet from your head without undoing the retention system closures. If the helmet comes off or shifts freely over your eyes, then you need to re-adjust and try again. If you can grab the rear lip of the helmet and roll it forward off your head (even with slight pressure), then you need a different helmet; it should not come off.
If in doubt about any aspect of your helmet's fit, ask a salesperson to advise you.
Before You Leave the Store
Most retail stores will not exchange a helmet for another size after it’s been worn for any length of time. So be sure to take your time and try on at least three different helmets from at least two different manufacturers—not every brand of helmet fits every head size and shape.
Be aware that a helmet may fit and feel one way in the store, yet fit and feel quite differently during riding. So ask if you can take a helmet for a test drive. If not, then try it out at home. Just be clear about the store's return policy.
Other Features to Consider
Here are some additional features you might want to look for in your next ATV helmet:
Exterior
Scratch-resistant outer shell
Full graphics packages
Bright, solid colors (orange, yellow, red, white) stand out more than black or patterned helmets
Modern color choices and graphics packages
Interior
Snap out cheek pads
Replaceable/washable interior lining
Molded goggle pads to keep goggles/glasses in place
Wrap-around neck roll to reduce wind noise
Removable/washable nose filter
Ventilation
Forehead vents (adjustable or not) for increased airflow
Replaceable forehead and chin vents provide increased airflow and reduced wind noise
Tinted visors
Adjustable interior venting to prevent the face shield from fogging
Chin vent to help eliminate shield fogging
Unique anti-fog system with adjustable side vents to create a vacuum effect drawing heat and moisture out
Built-in neck-roll exhaust vent
Mouth area
No-clog mouthpiece for enhanced flow-through air ventilation
Interchangeable mouth guards
Mouthpiece vents (adjustable or not)
Visors and face shields
Replaceable visors/face shields
Quick-change face shield mechanism
Face shield with a coating that resists scratching
Tool-less shield removal
UV protection on the face shield
Pre-set lever can easily lock the shield in place to prevent it from opening unexpectedly
Miscellaneous
Ultra lightweight—the lighter the weight, the better to reduce neck fatigue, which can make a big difference at the end of a long, grueling ride or race. In fact, an extra two or three pounds of weight on your head can seem like 50!
Storage/carrying bag
5+ year warranty—protects you from deterioration of the helmet should it have been on the store shelf too long before you purchased it
Meets or exceeds DOT standards, and ideally meets Snell ratings
About Safety Ratings
The Snell rating is a more stringent rating, but it is completely voluntary, meaning that helmet manufacturers can choose whether or not they wish to meet Snell's advanced safety guidelines. Snell standards are set to levels that only the best, most protective headgear will meet. Moreover, a Snell certification is more than simply a set of high standards—it is based on actual testing of actual helmets.
Since Snell is a top rating, you would think that all helmet manufacturers would get Snell certified. But this isn't always the case. Some are content with meeting the minimum requirements for helmet safety, while others, unfortunately, could care less about the consequences of making an inferior safety product. Instead, they opt for the best "look," or the cheapest price. Still, other manufacturers might have submitted their helmets for testing and failed.
Regardless, ask yourself how much a Snell rating is worth to you and your family.
As for certification by the Department of Transportation (DOT), this rating simply indicates that a manufacturer believes that its helmet meets basic DOT standards, but without any actual testing by DOT. In that sense, DOT ratings are fairly easy to come by, and virtually anybody can make and sell a helmet with a DOT sticker.
Keep in mind, if you purchase a "novelty" helmet without either a Snell or DOT rating, you may look cool but the degree of protection you'll receive in the event of a crash will be minimal. And how cool will you look then?
Other Safety Considerations
Before you place your helmet near a paint can, next to your quad 's exhaust, or over your handlebars, check out these little-known facts regarding ATV riding helmets and safety:
Never store your helmet near gasoline, cleaning fluids, or paint. The fumes can react with the helmet's materials and cause the helmet to decompose.
Never place your helmet near a quad's exhaust pipes or hot engine parts. The heat can melt or deform the shock-absorbing liner, usually a form of Styrofoam, rendering it useless in an impact.
Never hang your helmet on your handlebars. You might not be able to see it when mounting your quad, and the shock-absorbing liner may compress if it has to carry the weight of the helmet. | msmarco_doc_00_27016141 |
http://4wheeldrive.about.com/od/Jeep-Wrangler-How-Tos/ss/how-to-remove-a-jeep-wrangler-hard-top.htm | Remove the 2011 Jeep Wrangler 3 Piece Modular Hard Top | How to Remove a 2011 Jeep Wrangler Hard Top
How to Remove a 2011 Jeep Wrangler Hard Top
Removable Front Panels
Remove the Hand-Screw Then Release the Latch and Three Knobs
Lift the Driver's Side Roof Panel Up
Remove the Passenger's Side Roof Panel
Remove the Torx Bolts From the Rear of the Jeep Hard Top
Unplug Electrical and Washer Plugs From the Hard Top
Lift the Hard Top Off the Jeep
| Remove the 2011 Jeep Wrangler 3 Piece Modular Hard Top
Hobbies Cars & Motorcycles
How to Remove a 2011 Jeep Wrangler Hard Top
Share
PINTEREST
Email
Romaniaboy/Getty Images
Cars & Motorcycles
Cars
How Tos
Buying & Selling
Basics
Reviews
Tools & Products
Classic Cars
Exotic Cars
Corvettes
Mustangs
Tires & Wheels
Motorcycles
Used Cars
SUVs
Trucks
ATVs & Off Road
Public Transportation
By
Matt Finley
Matt Finley is a sports writer specializing in off-road recreation. He has covered ATV, 4x4, motocross, and motorcycles for outlets including ATV magazine, MX Affiliate magazine, and ATV Source.
our editorial process
Matt Finley
Updated January 13, 2020
The 2011 Jeep Wrangler has a modular 3 piece hard top. This design is a great bridge between the conventional one-piece Jeep hard top and the remove-anywhere soft top. It allows you to remove the roof, or parts of it, in several different ways.
The 3 piece modular roof has two smaller front panels, one over the driver's side seat and one over the passenger's seat, and the larger portion of the roof that goes over the back seats and cargo area, as well as the rear windows.
Removable Front Panels
You can remove the panel over the driver's seat by itself if you're driving by yourself and if you've got a friend riding along you can remove the panel over the passenger's seat as well to have a completely open front roof.
The two front panels come off in less than a minute per side after you've done it once or twice. The rear portion of the roof takes about 5 to 10 minutes after you've done it a time or three.
If you're on the road, you can pull over and remove one or both front panels and store them in the rear cargo area of the Jeep in a protective bag that will help keep from scratching them by rubbing together.
If you want to go all the way topless, you can remove the remainder of the Jeep hard top pretty quickly. You'll need a place to store it while you're out enjoying life without it.
01
of 06
Remove the Hand-Screw Then Release the Latch and Three Knobs
Matt Finley. ThoughtCo, 2011
In the middle of the back of the panel, there is a hand-screw that goes through the roll bar and into the panel. Unscrew this hand-screw and remove it.
On the inside of the roof on the driver's side where it meets the windshield, there is a black latch that acts as the main connection for the driver's side roof panel.
Pull that latch down and towards the back of the Jeep, being careful not to catch your fingers in between the latch and the sun visor. You can unhook the sun visor and swing it out of the way while you release the latch.
Turn the three black knobs to the left (counter-clockwise) to release the driver's side panel, one towards the front connected to the passenger's panel and one towards the rear. There is also one connected to the rear part of the roof.
02
of 06
Lift the Driver's Side Roof Panel Up
Matt Finley. ThoughtCo, 2011
Remove the panel by picking up, up, and off by lifting on the outside where the rain gutter is. Then grab the center of the panel and take it completely off the Jeep.
03
of 06
Remove the Passenger's Side Roof Panel
Matt Finley. ThoughtCo, 2011
Unlatch the passenger's side latch in the front next to the windshield. Turn the latch at the rear of the panel connected to the rear portion of the hard top. Unscrew the hand-screw and remove it completely.
Lift the panel from the roof and over the roll bar. Store the panel inside the bag the same as the driver's side panel.
You can put the panels behind the back seat for transport. This makes it nice if you're out on the trail and want to take the front panels off.
04
of 06
Remove the Torx Bolts From the Rear of the Jeep Hard Top
Matt Finley. ThoughtCo, 2011
If you want to remove the entire hard top, you'll have to remove 6 Torx Screws with a special tool that should be provided with the Jeep. It looks like a Philips Head screwdriver except it has 6 blades instead of 4.
If you didn't get one with your Jeep, you could buy one from just about any hardware/auto-parts store. Just ask for a T40 Torx driver. Note that the door takes a T50 Torx, so if you're going to buy one, you might as well buy them both if you're ever going to take the doors off.
Remove the 6 Torx bolts and store them in the center console or the rear compartment.
05
of 06
Unplug Electrical and Washer Plugs From the Hard Top
Matt Finley. ThoughtCo, 2011
The 2011's Jeep Wrangler's rear window has a wiper on it like the windshield in the front. It also has a washer, just like the windshield. This window is attached to the Jeep's hard top, meaning there will be plugs that need to be unplugged before you remove the top.
The plugs are pretty tight, and you may need to use a pair of pliers (LIGHTLY) to release them. There are pressure points on the sides of the plug that must be pressed to unplug them.
Once these are off, you can safely remove the Jeep's hard top.
06
of 06
Lift the Hard Top Off the Jeep
Matt Finley. ThoughtCo, 2011
Before you take the hard top off prepare a place for it by setting blocks on a flat surface spaced out to set the edges of the hard top on like a 2x4 pieces of wood. This will make it easy to set down and pick up without mashing your fingers under the hard top.
The 6 Torx bolts are along the sides of the jeep from the rear seats back. Once you've removed them get a buddy and lift the hard top off the Jeep and walk it back behind the Jeep.
You'll want to be somewhat towards the back of the hard top because there is more weight back there because of the rear window. If you have the rear window opened you don't have to lift it over the spare tire.
Carefully walk the hard top over and set it on the blocks, put a cover on it if it's going to be out for a while. Grab your shades, drive your Jeep Wrangler with the top off, win at life. | msmarco_doc_00_27029138 |
http://4wheeldrive.about.com/od/learntorideanatv/a/learntoride.htm | Guide to Getting Started With Riding ATVs | Get Started Riding ATVs
Get Started Riding ATVs
Getting the Gear
Choosing an ATV
Get ATV Training
Your First Few Hours on an ATV
Taking It to the Next Level: Racing!
ATV Registration and Land Use Permits
| Guide to Getting Started With Riding ATVs
Hobbies Cars & Motorcycles
Get Started Riding ATVs
Share
PINTEREST
Email
Hero Images/Getty Images
Cars & Motorcycles
ATVs & Off Road
Cars
Motorcycles
Used Cars
SUVs
Trucks
Public Transportation
By
Matt Finley
Matt Finley is a sports writer specializing in off-road recreation. He has covered ATV, 4x4, motocross, and motorcycles for outlets including ATV magazine, MX Affiliate magazine, and ATV Source.
our editorial process
Matt Finley
Updated May 09, 2019
Riding an ATV is a great experience that can be enjoyed by the entire family. It's exciting, and it teaches respect on many levels, including for the environment, habitat and even respect for others. Learning to ride an ATV can be fun and will make you a safer ATVer.
This guide will help you get well on your way to learn to ride an ATV and help you stay safe by showing you some of the basics about the proper gear, where to get training, the fundamentals of how to control an ATV and other aspects that will provide you with the confidence you need to have a great, safe experience while you learn to ride an ATV.
Getting the Gear
One of the most important things you need to do is get dressed for the occasion, regardless of what type of ATV you buy, where you plan to ride, or what kind of riding you intend to do. At the very least, a helmet is the very first (and best) line of protection from injury in case of a crash.
Other standard safety gear includes gloves, boots that go over the ankle, long sleeve shirt, long pants, goggles and a chest protector.
Choosing an ATV
You first have to decide what kind of riding you'll be doing and that will tell you what type of ATV to get .
For pure recreational riding, a sports quad would be a good bet. If you think you might need to do some work from time to time, you might consider a utility ATV.
If you're buying for the kids to ride, then you definitely need to look at youth ATVs, or perhaps a Side by Side (SxS) if you plan on taking the kids or other passengers on the same ATV.
Get ATV Training
Once you get the right ATV for the kind of riding you'll be doing and get the proper gear, it's time to think about how to ride, and how to do it safely .
Anyone can hop on an ATV and make it go. That's the easy part. It won't fall over like a motorcycle when you first try to take off. The problem is when you need to turn, or stop, or stop quickly in the middle of a turn. Do you know how it's going to react? Do you know how much influence your body position has on a quad? Find out by taking a course.
The ATV Safety Institute has classes all over the country for you to get training.
Your First Few Hours on an ATV
If you're new to riding ATVs you should start out slow and easy until you get used to it. The controls are usually very similar from model to model, with a thumb throttle on the right handlebar and a handbrake that usually activates the front brakes. Some have a twist throttle like a motorcycle.
The left handlebar usually has the clutch if equipped. The rear brakes are applied with the right foot and shifting with the left foot.
After you've gotten completely familiar with the ATV; where the controls are, how to operate everything naturally (without thinking about what does what), how to turn safely using your body-weight then you can start opening up a little bit at a time.
As a new rider, you need to stay completely focused on what you're doing and where you're going. Don't overdrive your line of sight or your brakes. Practice starting, stopping and turning over and over until it's second nature. There's nothing that will increase your riding ability like seat time.
Taking It to the Next Level: Racing!
If you've got the itch from riding ATVs you may not be able to scratch it until you start racing on at least an amateur level. But before you do that, let me ask you something... Are you sure? This kind of racing, while highly exciting for spectators, can be very painful and expensive.
Before you commit to racing you should talk to some people that race. Especially those that race (or have raced) quads. It's a bit of a different sport than most other types of racing because the quads are open wheeled, heavy, and have a bad habit of landing on the rider after an unplanned dismount.
If you're still convinced you won't sleep at night until you've tossed your quad around a track in legitimate competition then go get the ATV safety gear because, well, you're gonna crash.
Then, go look at some of the race-ready quads like the 2011 Yamaha Raptor 125 ATV and hit the track.
ATV Registration and Land Use Permits
Not all states require registration or licensing, but some do. Other's may only require a land-use permit or another type of land pass. Rules and regulations regarding ATV safety may include guidelines for the required safety equipment (like helmets, gloves and riding boots), age restrictions, licensing, sound levels and safety training. Check with your state's Bureau of Motor Vehicles (Department of Motor Vehicles / Department of Transportation). From there, you may need to search for ATV, all-terrain vehicle, OHV or off-highway vehicle to get information about quads.
There also may be legal requirements to own and operate an ATV on public land and roads. You may need a title (proof of ownership) and registration (annual fees paid to ride on public land). As an ATVer, it's up to you to know the rules and regulations of the area you will be riding in. If you are unsure of any requirements regarding a certain area, you can contact the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) for information on legally riding in specific areas. | msmarco_doc_00_27035675 |
http://4wheeldrive.about.com/od/maintenancerepairs/a/how-to-get-water-out-of-an-engine.htm | What to Do About Water in Your ATV's Engine | What to Do With a Submerged ATV
What to Do With a Submerged ATV
How to get water out of an engine
Steps to Clean Out Your Engine Safely
| What to Do About Water in Your ATV's Engine
Hobbies Cars & Motorcycles
What to Do With a Submerged ATV
How to get water out of an engine
Share
PINTEREST
Email
Steven Lam/Taxi/Getty Images
Cars & Motorcycles
ATVs & Off Road
Cars
Motorcycles
Used Cars
SUVs
Trucks
Public Transportation
By
Matt Finley
Matt Finley is a sports writer specializing in off-road recreation. He has covered ATV, 4x4, motocross, and motorcycles for outlets including ATV magazine, MX Affiliate magazine, and ATV Source.
our editorial process
Matt Finley
Updated May 19, 2018
Sucking water into your internal combustion engine is more common than you might think. If you do a lot of offroading and ride through rivers, streams, puddles, and lakes, or if you spend any time riding with people like Travis Pastrana, you are more likely to get water in your engine, especially if you don't have a snorkel.
Warning: If you get water in your engine, DO NOT ATTEMPT TO START IT BEFORE PERFORMING THE STEPS LISTED BELOW.
The problem with getting water in your engine is that your engine was designed to compress air and gas as the piston moves up, ignite it and use the resultant explosion to push the piston back down.
Water can NOT be compressed when the piston moves up. The resulting damage could include a hole in the cylinder wall, a hole in the piston head, blown out valves or a hole in the head. The water will go somewhere, and it will take the weakest route it can find. This is known as a hydro-locked engine.
Getting the water IN the engine is easy. Getting it out, without destroying the engine, can be more of a challenge. First I'll share a few ways you can get the water in your engine so you'll be a bit more prepared while you're offroading and you'll know what to look for and what to avoid.
Riding on an ice-covered lake is a great way to get water in your engine. (It's also a great way to freeze your nads off if you fall through, so water in the engine may be the least of your worries at this point.) If the ice is thin and you ride over it, you could fall through. Unless you're quick to shut the engine off you're almost guaranteed to get water in your engine.
Crossing streams, lakes, and rivers that are too deep is another great way to get water in your engine. Carburetors and air-boxes are typically on the upper end of the engine so you'd have to be pretty deep to get water in there, but it can happen. Know where your air intake is and be sure to keep that above the water line.
When you cross deep water going too fast you risk splashing water up into the air box and having it get sucked into the engine. It only takes a little bit of water in your engine to destroy it, so be careful crossing deep water too fast.
Steps to Clean Out Your Engine Safely
So when you've got water in your engine, and if you're lucky enough to have it shut itself off before it does any real damage, there are a few steps you should take to clear the water out before you try to start it:
First, drain the fuel tank, fuel lines, and the oil. While it's draining, put a fan on the wiring and dry it out. Remove and clean the carburetor.
Take the plugs out of the engine and turn the motor over to force any water in the cylinder out. Water in other parts of the engine will come out with the oil. Add oil to the engine and turn it over again, without the plugs in. Let it sit for a few minutes, then check the oil to see if there's any water in it (it will look like a white milky substance if there is water mixed with the oil). If it's there, drain it again and start over until there is little or no white showing in the oil.
Now re-install the spark plug, add gas, then try to start it. You should have a can of ether handy just in case it's stubborn, but don't use too much. If it starts, let it run for a couple of minutes without revving it. Don't ride it either.
After it runs for a few minutes, shut it off, drain the oil, and change the filter. Run it again for a few minutes then shut it off and check again for milky colored oil. If you have none, you should be good to go.
If you cannot start the engine, you may have already ruined it and you will probably need to seek a professional to repair it, or, more likely, you'll have to replace it. | msmarco_doc_00_27041775 |
http://4wheeldrive.about.com/od/maintenancerepairs/ss/How-To-Clean-A-Carburetor.htm | How to Clean a Carburetor | How to Clean a Carburetor
How to Clean a Carburetor
Bad gas is the most common reason for needing to clean it
Remove Air Filter
Remove Linkage and Hoses
Remove Carburetor
Clean Outside With Compressed Air
Remove Float Cover
Remove Float Pin
Remove Float
Remove Other Parts
Clean Body and Parts in Solvent
Dry Carburetor and Reassemble
| How to Clean a Carburetor
Hobbies Cars & Motorcycles
How to Clean a Carburetor
Bad gas is the most common reason for needing to clean it
Share
PINTEREST
Email
Cars & Motorcycles
Cars
How Tos
Buying & Selling
Basics
Reviews
Tools & Products
Classic Cars
Exotic Cars
Corvettes
Mustangs
Tires & Wheels
Motorcycles
Used Cars
SUVs
Trucks
ATVs & Off Road
Public Transportation
By
Matt Finley
Matt Finley is a sports writer specializing in off-road recreation. He has covered ATV, 4x4, motocross, and motorcycles for outlets including ATV magazine, MX Affiliate magazine, and ATV Source.
our editorial process
Matt Finley
Updated January 13, 2020
You might need to clean a carburetor for several reasons, but one of the more common is bad gas. If you don't run an engine frequently, the gas inside the carburetor can get old and go bad, thickening and causing the small parts to stick. You'll know you need to clean the carburetor if the gas smells like lacquer thinner or turpentine or has some other nongas, funky chemical odor.
Knowing how to take apart and reassemble a basic carburetor can save you time and money. It requires just a couple of hours and you won't have to pay someone else to do it.
Most single-barrel carbs are fairly similar in design, so this method should work on many engine/carburetor combos. Take a few photos along the way so you'll know how everything hooks up when you're ready to put it back together.
Here are the basic steps:
01
of 10
Remove Air Filter
Matt Finley
Shut off the fuel supply and disconnect the spark plug wire for safety. Then take off the air filter, which is often behind or inside an air box. A wing nut holds down the filter and comes out easily. Remove the outer element and clean it using a filter cleaner such as Yamalube Biodegradable Foam Air Filter Oil or compressed air.
Clean the seal areas and remove any sand, dirt, or grease.
02
of 10
Remove Linkage and Hoses
Matt Finley
Remove any linkage and hoses. Springs and such can be removed with pliers, hooks, or screwdrivers. Move everything out of the way, being careful not to break or bend anything.
03
of 10
Remove Carburetor
Matt Finley
Remove the bolts and nuts holding the carburetor to the engine. Lightly shift the carb back and forth to break it loose and pull it off the studs, taking note of gasket locations and orientations.
Using rags or paper towels, plug any large openings you end up with to prevent dirt and debris from getting in.
04
of 10
Clean Outside With Compressed Air
Matt Finley
The outside of the carburetor will be crusted with dirt and sand. Blow off as much excess as you can, avoiding blowing it into the openings.
05
of 10
Remove Float Cover
Matt Finley
Use a small glass container to catch any gas remaining in the float. Remove the bolt at the bottom of the carburetor and remove the float cover by pulling it straight down.
Be careful not to spill the small amount of gas probably remaining in the float.
06
of 10
Remove Float Pin
Matt Finley
The float pivots on a pin. Carefully pull it straight out. Take care not to drop it; it will likely bounce away in an odd direction.
07
of 10
Remove Float
Matt Finley
Carefully pull the float straight out, noting how it came out. You might try putting it back together immediately so you'll be more familiar with it.
08
of 10
Remove Other Parts
Matt Finley
There may be other items on the carburetor that you should remove to allow access for cleaning. Note their locations and watch for springs.
Parts such as idle adjustment screws might not need to be removed if they are mechanical and on the outside of the carb body.
09
of 10
Clean Body and Parts in Solvent
Once you've removed all the major moving parts, clean the carburetor in a solvent bath with something green, such as Simple Green. Using a brush, clean off the dirt on the outside, getting as much off as you can, especially near openings.
Clean the inside with a light stream of solvent or a very light burst of air. Make sure to clean the tiny vents. Clean the small parts in the solvent as well.
10
of 10
Dry Carburetor and Reassemble
After you've cleaned everything, make sure to get all the solvent out of the carb. Turn it around and gently shake it. Use air to clear the fuel and air flow areas. Then let it air dry completely. When you're confident it's dry, reverse the steps to put everything back together.
To clean out any leftover bad gas, run a small amount of clean, fresh fuel through the tank and fuel line before attaching it to the carb.
Once the carb is back together and mounted to the engine and all the hoses and linkage are reattached and the spark plug wire is connected, add some fuel and go for it. | msmarco_doc_00_27046412 |
http://4wheeldrive.about.com/od/offroadatvbasics/a/Towing-4-Wheels-Down.htm | Vehicles You Can and Cannot Tow 4 Wheels Down | Vehicles You Can and Cannot Tow 4 Wheels Down
Vehicles You Can and Cannot Tow 4 Wheels Down
How to Properly Tow Your 4 Wheel Drive Vehicle
4 Wheels Down
4 Wheels Up
Towing 4 Wheel Drive
Check These Lists
Non-Approved Vehicles
Bottom Line
| Vehicles You Can and Cannot Tow 4 Wheels Down
Hobbies Cars & Motorcycles
Vehicles You Can and Cannot Tow 4 Wheels Down
How to Properly Tow Your 4 Wheel Drive Vehicle
Share
PINTEREST
Email
(Karen D'Silva/Getty Images)
Cars & Motorcycles
Cars
Basics
Buying & Selling
How Tos
Reviews
Tools & Products
Classic Cars
Exotic Cars
Corvettes
Mustangs
Tires & Wheels
Motorcycles
Used Cars
SUVs
Trucks
ATVs & Off Road
Public Transportation
By
Matt Finley
Matt Finley is a sports writer specializing in off-road recreation. He has covered ATV, 4x4, motocross, and motorcycles for outlets including ATV magazine, MX Affiliate magazine, and ATV Source.
our editorial process
Matt Finley
Updated January 18, 2018
If you travel a lot and you own a 4-wheel drive vehicle like a Jeep, Toyota TJ, Ford Explorer or any other 4x4 vehicle that you like to play with offroad, chances are you'll want to tow your 4-wheel drive vehicle along with you instead of driving it to the offroad destination. That being said, if you regularly go to far away locations to explore various off-road trails and don't want to sleep in your jeep, then this is a given if you'll be traveling in a motorhome or RV.
4 Wheels Down
Towing a vehicle 4 wheels down (also referred to as "dinghy towing" or "toading" by some hardcore offroaders) has many advantages and is becoming more and more popular. Perhaps it's because this method of towing has little or no effect on the handling, gas mileage, or overall wear of your coach. Not only that, when you tow a vehicle along with your motorhome it gives you the freedom to go sightseeing, shopping, or exploring on a whim without having to take that huge house on wheels with you.
4 Wheels Up
On the other hand, to tow your vehicle 4 wheels up (meaning the wheels are off the ground), you'd have to purchase a trailer, and towing 2 wheels up (meaning the front wheels are off the ground) comes with its own share of inconveniences from using a tow dolly.
Towing 4 Wheel Drive
Without a doubt, the Saturn appears to be #1 choice of a vehicle to tow among most RVers, but what about those who want to tow their 4 wheel drive vehicle? Towing a Jeep with all wheels down has simple instructions.
The best tow vehicle is one that can be towed with its wheels on the ground, is relatively lightweight, and doesn’t register miles while being towed. The lighter the vehicle is, the less wear and tear on the RV and towing system. Does your 4WD qualify?
Check These Lists
Motor Home Magazine provides a list of tow-able pickups and SUVs that is updated each year in their Jan/Feb issue (and online). You can also find their list of towable vehicles from previous years there as well.
These are vehicles that are factory approved by their manufacturers for towing behind a motor home. Some vehicles require special procedures which must be followed, including speed and distance limitations.
Trailer Life compiles annual factory tow ratings for trucks, sport utility vehicles, vans, and automobiles. Here you can find tow-rating data for 1999 through the current model year. For tow ratings prior to 1999, you get year-specific data directly from them.
Bob's Travel Center maintains a Tow Vehicle Guide which lists the towing limits for current-year makes & models.
Non-Approved Vehicles
Most vehicles that are NOT approved by their manufacturers for towing on all four wheels can still be towed using aftermarket accessories such as a cable-operated drive shaft-disconnect device (rear-wheel-drive vehicles only), a drive shaft-disconnect device, or free-wheeling hubs (front-wheel drive).
Bottom Line
The general consensus on towing is that you can tow any front wheel drive manual transmission vehicle as far as you want and as long as you want. As an added precaution, you might want to consider a Lube Pump or Axle Lock to ensure that no transmission damage will occur.
Most 4WD vehicles with a manual transmission, manual transfer case and manual lock out hubs can be towed on all four wheels safely with no problems.
If your 4WD has no manual lockout hubs and/or no manual transfer case, then you will need a coupling device on the rear drive shaft to tow it safely.
Knowing what you can or can not tow 4 wheels down could help save you a lot of money in repair bills. | msmarco_doc_00_27051716 |
http://4wheeldrive.about.com/od/offroadatvbasics/ss/4wd-2wd-difference-between-4x4-4x2.htm | The Differences Between 4x4 and 4x2 Vehicles | The Differences Between 4x4 and 4x2 Vehicles
The Differences Between 4x4 and 4x2 Vehicles
4x4 (4WD)
4 x 2 (2WD)
Part-Time 4WD
Full-Time 4WD
Automatic Four-Wheel Drive (A4WD)
Shift on the Fly 4WD
All-Wheel Drive (AWD)
| The Differences Between 4x4 and 4x2 Vehicles
Hobbies Cars & Motorcycles
The Differences Between 4x4 and 4x2 Vehicles
Share
PINTEREST
Email
Cavan Images/The Image Bank / Getty Images
Cars & Motorcycles
Cars
Basics
Buying & Selling
How Tos
Reviews
Tools & Products
Classic Cars
Exotic Cars
Corvettes
Mustangs
Tires & Wheels
Motorcycles
Used Cars
SUVs
Trucks
ATVs & Off Road
Public Transportation
By
Matt Finley
Matt Finley is a sports writer specializing in off-road recreation. He has covered ATV, 4x4, motocross, and motorcycles for outlets including ATV magazine, MX Affiliate magazine, and ATV Source.
our editorial process
Matt Finley
Updated April 25, 2019
It is a common misconception that 4x4 means that all four wheels are turning at the same speed simultaneously. When a 4-wheel vehicle turns the outside tires spin faster than the inside tires. The differential in the axle will compensate for the further distance that the outside wheel travels than the inside one.
When you drive on a slick surface the power from the engine will go to the wheel with the least amount of traction, so whichever wheel is slipping the most gets the most power. That's because of the laws of nature, a.k.a. physics, tell us that force will always take the path of least resistance.
When an OHV is in four-wheel drive mode the front and rear axles are synchronized so there is always at least one wheel on each of the drive axles that can be driven by the engine's power effectively.
If you're in a 4x2 vehicle you can trick it into acting like a 4x4 by pressing the brake pedal slightly to slow down the wheel that's spinning and transfer that wheel's energy to the wheel with traction.
4x4 (4WD)
A 4x4 vehicle that has four-wheel drive (4WD). "4x4" in a 4WD vehicle means there are 4 wheels total and 4 wheels that are driven. Utility quads are typically 4x4.
4 x 2 (2WD)
A 4x2 or 2WD is a vehicle that has a two-wheel drive (2WD) with four wheels. "4x2" in a 2WD vehicle means there are 4 wheels total and 2 wheels that are driven. The driven wheels can be either back or front wheels but are usually the back wheels. Sport ATVs are typically 4x2.
Part-Time 4WD
This refers to an OHV that has a 4-wheel drive system which operates on-demand and powers all four wheels by synchronizing front and rear axles together via a shift lever. Part-Time 4WDs usually include two-speed ranges, Hi and Lo.
Part-time 4WD systems have to be used in 2WD mode on pavement, cement or other hard, sticky surfaces. They are designed to be engaged only in specific situations when you need extra traction and damage can occur if driven on hard surfaces.
Full-Time 4WD
This refers to a 4-wheel-drive system that can be operated at all times on all surfaces. Full-time 4-wheel-drive systems usually have the option of part-time operation so you can shift to 2WD while on cement or pavement. Full-Time 4WD systems do not always have the Hi and Lo speed ranges.
Automatic Four-Wheel Drive (A4WD)
This type of drive system automatically turns on 4WD when it needs it. This is achieved with monitors that sense different wheel speeds then engage 4WD. The Polaris Ranger Electric Vehicle has this kind of automatic system.
Shift on the Fly 4WD
This 4-Wheel-Drive system allows the driver to manual shift from 2WD to 4WD Hi without stopping first. These systems typically have a speed limit at which you can engage the system; typically it's under 60 mph. OHVs that use an electronic actuator (like a push-button vs a shift lever) will only allow shifting to 4WD-Hi while under the rated speed, so pushing the button will not attempt to engage 4WD.
Vehicles with a shift lever may not know when they are going too fast to shift into 4WD Hi so doing this can cause damage. Consult your owners manual if you have an On the Fly 4WD system.
All-Wheel Drive (AWD)
An all-wheel-drive is a full-time single-speed 4WD system that will supply power to all four wheels. Each system has a different front-to-rear power delivery ratio. | msmarco_doc_00_27056502 |
http://4wheelonline.com/ATV/ATV_Seats.103554 | ATV Seats and ATV Seat Accessories | ATV Seats
ATV Seats
ATV Seats
| ATV Seats and ATV Seat Accessories
ATV Seats
ATV Seats
Protect ATV seats from dirt, fading, sun damage, and weather using these ATV seat category selections. These ATV seat covers universally fit on all ATVs on the market today. This seat covers feature an elasticized hem for a quick and close fit that makes installing the seat covers hassle-free.
ATV Seats offers extreme customization with every ATVs/UTVs everyone had to give new innovative style and design with regards the seats collection and accessories. We have our selected products to choose from with high-quality made materials to give fully on every ATVs/UTVs everyone is needed.
1 to 13 of 13 Results SHOW:
24 48 96
SORT BY:
Recommended Best Ratings Price Low to High Price High to Low
Factory Effex Seat Cover
FROM: $51.95
Quadworks ATV Seat Cover for Arctic Cat
(1)
FROM: $36.67
Quadworks ATV Seat Cover for Can-Am
FROM: $36.67
Classic Accessories UTV Seat Covers
FROM: $44.46
Quadworks Seat Covers for Honda
(1)
FROM: $36.67
Quadworks Seat Cover for Kawasaki
(1)
FROM: $36.67
Quadworks Seat Cover for Polaris
FROM: $36.67
Quadworks Seat Cover for Suzuki
(4)
FROM: $36.67
Quadworks Seat Cover for Yamaha
FROM: $36.67
SDG Complete ATV Seats Honda
FROM: $144.61
Pro Armor Harness
FROM: $81.04
Great Day Ride n' Rest
FROM: $125.39
Great Day Rumble Seats
FROM: $318.67
| msmarco_doc_00_27061000 |
http://4wheelonline.com/ATV/ATV_Windshield.105315 | ATV Windshield and UTV Windshields | 4WheelOnline.com | ATV Windshields
ATV Windshields
ATV & UTV Windshields
| ATV Windshield and UTV Windshields | 4WheelOnline.com
ATV Windshields
ATV & UTV Windshields
Protect yourself from wind, rain, dust and dirt with one of our ATV windshields. Each is constructed from super-tough, impact-resistant and high-quality materials. Each windshield comes with corrosion-resistant hardware and a quick-release design that requires no tools to remove or attach after initial installation.
1 to 8 of 8 Results SHOW:
24 48 96
SORT BY:
Recommended Best Ratings Price Low to High Price High to Low
Classic Accessories Add-On Windshields
FROM: $23.77
Seizmik UTV Windshields
FROM: $185.09
Classic Accessories QuadGear Extreme UTV Rear Windshield
FROM: $45.89
National Cycle ATV U-Clamp Handlebar Mount
FROM: $61.55
Slipstreamer Polaris RZR UTV Windshields
FROM: $152.59
Slipstreamer SS-1 & SS-1-P ATV Windshields
FROM: $113.37
Slipstreamer SS-2P Big Country ATV Windshields
(1)
FROM: $116.21
Powermadd Protek ATV Windshields
FROM: $146.95
Protects you from the oncoming elements!
ATV windshields are made from acrylic to prevent dangerous shattering and potential injury. The acrylic is non-yellowing, non-crazing, non-cracking as well as Ultra-Violet (UV) resistant. The windshield will shelter a rider from the bugs, dust, rain, snow etc. Combine the windshield with the side view enclosure, rear dust guard, aftermarket top and a set of any half doors for ultimate protection from the weather. ATV windshields also offer an exclusive break-away design utilizing a four-point mounting system that allows the windshield to release if the rider is thrown forward, preventing rider injury and windshield damage. This quick-release system also allows every rider to take the shield off or remount it in just seconds.
| msmarco_doc_00_27062647 |
http://4wheelonline.com/BFGoodrich_All-Terrain_Tires.352.0 | BF Goodrich All Terrain T/A KO Tires | 4WheelOnline.com | BF Goodrich All Terrain T/A KO Tires
BF Goodrich All Terrain T/A KO Tires
Product Information
List Price:
Our Price:
Rating:
Part #:
Quantity:
Add to cart
| BF Goodrich All Terrain T/A KO Tires | 4WheelOnline.com
BF Goodrich All Terrain T/A KO Tires
The requested content cannot be found
BF Goodrich Tires now 25% Off and Ships Free. The ferocious All-Terrain T/A KO by BF Goodrich lets you plough through rocks and dirt with ease. It is designed with a dual-compound tread and ShoulderLock technology with wider shoulder grooves that give it more traction and control in aired-down driving situations while enhancing its aggressive appearance. Its three-ply polyester carcass delivers stiffer tread area for more precise steering response, better cornering control, excellent puncture and exceptional bruise resistance. The BF Goodrich All- Terrain T/A KO is designed to last and has proved multiple times to deliver the best results.
Lowest Prices Online with deep discounts
Buy With Confidence using our secure online store
Expert Support service before and after sales
BF Goodrich Tires
Authorized Dealer
This product DOES NOT Fit Your
View Product That Fits
Change Vehicle
What do you drive? We will tell you if it fits.
Select Type...
Select Year...
Select Make...
Select Model...
Don't see your vehicle listed?
Select Extended Vehicle Information
Select Sub Model...
Product Information
List Price:
$.00 - $.00
Our Price:
$.00 - $.00
Free Shipping
Rating:
.0 ( 0 reviews)
Part #:
111292
UPC:
View available part numbers for this product line
Product Options
There are no products available for your selected application. Please clear the filter and choose a new application.
Select Product...
Quantity:
Add to cart
Have a Question? Talk to an expert, we know our products. 1-813-769-2451
| msmarco_doc_00_27064708 |
http://4wheelonline.com/Bushwacker_Fender_Flares.3170 | Bushwacker Fender Flares - 4WheelOnline.Com | Bushwacker
Fender Flares
Bushwacker Fender Flares
Bushwacker Fender Flares
Bushwacker Pocket Style Fender Flare
| Bushwacker Fender Flares - 4WheelOnline.Com
Bushwacker Fender Flares
Bushwacker Fender Flares
We offer the widest selection and lowest prices on Bushwacker Fender Flares than any other Retailer. Right now, on top of our already deeply discounted prices on Bushwacker, we offer free shipping for your convenience. Whether it is a Bushwacker Truck Fender Flare for Ford, Chevy, Dodge, Nissan, Toyota, Mitsubishi or a Bushwacker Jeep Fender Flare, you will find it here. Our staff is ready to help you with your purchase. Call us at (813) 769-2451
1 to 19 of 19 Results SHOW:
24 48 96
SORT BY:
Recommended Best Ratings Price Low to High Price High to Low
Bushwacker Cut-Out ®
Fender Flares
(23)
FROM: $309.99
Bushwacker Extend-A-Fender ®
Fender Flares
(43)
FROM: $305.00
Bushwacker OE Style ®
Fender Flares
(19)
FROM: $295.00
Bushwacker Pocket Style ®
Fender Flares
(108)
FROM: $39.00
Bushwacker Extend-A-Fender ®
Jeep Fender Flares
FROM: $489.99
Bushwacker Flat Style ®
Jeep Fender Flares
(16)
FROM: $345.99
Bushwacker Cut-Out ®
Jeep Fender Flares - 4 Piece Set
FROM: $519.99
Bushwacker Cut-Out ®
Jeep Fender Flares - Front Pair
(1)
FROM: $325.99
Bushwacker Cut-Out ®
Jeep Fender Flares - Rear Pair
FROM: $325.99
Bushwacker Pocket Style ®
Jeep Fender Flares - 4 Piece Set
(3)
FROM: $499.00
Bushwacker Pocket Style ®
Jeep Fender Flares - Front Pair
(2)
FROM: $315.00
Bushwacker Pocket Style ®
Jeep Fender Flares - Rear Pair
FROM: $315.00
Bushwacker Color-Matched Pocket Style ®
Fender Flares for Chevy
(7)
FROM: $799.00
Bushwacker Color-Matched Pocket Style ®
Fender Flares for Ford
(14)
FROM: $32.00
Bushwacker Color-Matched Pocket Style ®
Fender Flares for GMC
(1)
FROM: $799.00
Bushwacker Color-Matched Pocket Style ®
Fender Flares for Dodge
(4)
FROM: $799.00
Bushwacker Color-Matched Pocket Style ®
Fender Flares for Toyota
(3)
FROM: $799.00
Bushwacker DRT
Fender Flares
FROM: $295.00
Bushwacker Pocket Style Fender Flare Bolt Kit
FROM: $37.99
Bushwacker Fender Flares For Sale
No other manufacturer offers the level of detail, craftsmanship, customization and environmentally minded engineering as Bushwacker - all at a low price. Take off those mud flaps and replace them with Bushwacker Fender Flares; easy installation and provide a level of protection from ice, snow, road salt and road debris not many other accessories can offer. When combined with their limited-lifetime warranty, Bushwacker Fender Flares are an undeniable value for your truck, Jeep, or SUV.
Bushwacker - What's NEW! Bushwacker has been making fender flares for you, me, our friends, and our neighbors for years. BUT, they were all Black. But no longer, NOW Bushwacker is offering a Color Matched program. Now for a select group of vehicles with select paint, you can purchase already Painted Bushwacker Fender Flares that will match your vehicle's color. Plus there is No Wait, they are on the shelf, In Stock and ready to ship. 4WheelOnline ships from our multiple warehouses across the country, so your fender flares will ship same day or within 24 hours and you should have them in an average of 1-3 days.
YouTube
4 Wheel Online
22.6K subscribers
Subscribe
Bushwacker Pocket Style Fender Flare
1/5
Info
Shopping
Tap to unmute
If playback doesn't begin shortly, try restarting your device.
More videos
More videos
You're signed out
Videos you watch may be added to the TV's watch history and influence TV recommendations. To avoid this, cancel and sign in to YouTube on your computer.
Cancel
Confirm
Switch camera
Share
Include playlist
An error occurred while retrieving sharing information. Please try again later.
Watch later
Share
Copy link
Watch on
0:00
0:00
0:00 / 6:19
Live
•
Bushwacker Fender Flares Quickview
Bushwacker Jeep Fender Flares Bushwacker Jeep Fender Flares are CAD-engineered to your specific Jeep for a tight custom fit and give your Jeep a clean, finished look.
Bushwacker "OE" Style® Flares Give your truck the appearance of an upmarket trim level with Bushwacker "OE" Style Fender Flares. They install in minutes with no drilling. And, they're designed specifically to complement your vehicle's styling, so it looks like it came from the factory that way, with a fit, finish, and level of protection that exceeds original equipment.
Bushwacker Extend-A-Fender® Flares Bushwacker Extend-A-Fender Flares deliver premium-grade protection and style matched to oversized tires, yet as tough as they are, they go on easily with no drilling required. You can install them in minutes and enjoy them for years.
Bushwacker Pocket Style® Fender Flares With their recessed stainless steel bolts and massive presence, Pocket Style Fender Flares are a Bushwacker original and an off-road icon. They give you the hard-core look of bolt-on flares, with no body-side sheet metal drilling required.
Bushwacker Cut-Out™ Fender Flares For extreme off-road use, there's nothing else like Bushwacker Cut-Out Fender Flares. Each set of Cut-Out Fender Flares is individually designed for your truck, to maximize off-road wheel travel and maintain adequate tire coverage. That custom approach means a smoother appearance, greater strength, and easier bolt-on installation with tough stainless steel hardware.
More About Bushwacker
Proudly made in the U.S.A., Bushwacker Fender Flare are engineered from the highest-quality Dura-Flex 2000 material combining fiberglass, plastic and flex resins for superior durability and flexibility beyond anything else on the market. As a manufacturer of Fender Flares for the past 40 years, Bushwacker has a reputation as being the leader in the industry not only in design and innovation, but in promoting national and local causes as well - from advocating environmental responsibility in their affiliation with the Go Green initiative, an organization promoting conservation and protection of natural resources for future generations, to Community Partnerships across the Country benefiting safe shelter, education and support for children.
Aside from their philanthropic causes and nearly unbeatable standards in product design and quality, the Bushwacker company is renowned for making products that are style-minded, easy to install and affordable - an appreciable combination, especially in today's dime-a-dozen market of aftermarket accessories for Trucks, and SUV's. Available in a matte black finish, Bushwacker Fender Flares are easily customized to match the finish on your vehicle. From Street Style to "OE," Pocket Style, and Cut-Out to Extend-A-Fender, Bushwacker has a Fender Flare guaranteed to fit your vehicle's trim and keep the body protected from mud, water, stones or any debris that gets in your way. Coupled with a limited-lifetime warranty, you can count on Bushwacker Fender Flares to stay solid while keeping your wheel wells and side panels covered.
We are a Preferred Retailer for Bushwacker Products. We encourage you to call if you have any questions or need any assistance, or visit Bushwacker here.
| msmarco_doc_00_27066775 |
http://4wheelonline.com/Nfab_CabLengthNerfSteps.91471.0 | N Fab Cab Length Step Nerf Bars - 10% Off | 4WheelOnline.com | N-Fab
Cab Length Step Nerf Bars
N-Fab
Cab Length Step Nerf Bars
Chevy/GMC
11 Customer Review (s)
Dodge
10 Customer Review (s)
Ford
Nissan
Toyota
N-Fab Cab Length Step Nerf Bars
| N Fab Cab Length Step Nerf Bars - 10% Off | 4WheelOnline.com
N-Fab
Cab Length Step Nerf Bars
The requested content cannot be found
Chevy/GMC
Find your product here:
Click the arrow to the right of this box to find all available products. 1988-96 Chevy/GMC 1500/2500 Ext. Cab 2Dr All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $403.95 - NFAB-C8873XC 1988-96 Chevy/GMC 1500/2500 Ext. Cab 2Dr All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black) - $403.95 - NFAB-C8873XC-TX 1988-98 Chevy/GMC 1500/2500 /3500 Quad Cab 4 Door All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $403.95 - NFAB-C8873QC 1988-98 Chevy/GMC 1500/2500 Quad Cab 4 Door All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black) - $403.95 - NFAB-C8873QC-TX 1988-98 Chevy/GMC 1500/2500 Reg. Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $369.95 - NFAB-C8846RC 1988-98 Chevy/GMC 1500/2500 Reg. Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black) - $369.95 - NFAB-C8846RC-TX 1992-00 Chevy/GMC 2500/3500 Crew Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $437.95 - NFAB-C9280CC 1992-00 Chevy/GMC 2500/3500 Crew Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black) - $437.95 - NFAB-C9280CC-TX 1999-06 Chevy/GMC 1500/2500 Reg. Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $369.95 - NFAB-C9946RC 1999-06 Chevy/GMC 1500/2500 Reg. Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black) - $369.95 - NFAB-C9946RC-TX 1999-06 Chevy/GMC 2500/3500 Ext. Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $403.95 - NFAB-C9973QC 1999-06 Chevy/GMC 2500/3500 Ext. Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black) - $403.95 - NFAB-C9973QC-TX 2001-06 Chevy/GMC 1500/2500/3500 Crew Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $437.95 - NFAB-C0180CC 2001-06 Chevy/GMC 1500/2500/3500 Crew Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black) - $437.95 - NFAB-C0180CC-TX 2007-13 Chevy/GMC 2500/3500, 07-10 1500 Crew Cab All Bed; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $437.95 - NFAB-C0780CC 2007-13 Chevy/GMC 2500/3500, 07-10 1500 Crew Cab All Bed; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black) - $437.95 - NFAB-C0780CC-TX 2007-13 Chevy/GMC 2500/3500, 07-10 1500 Ext; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $403.95 - NFAB-C0773QC 2007-13 Chevy/GMC 2500/3500, 07-10 1500 Ext; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black) - $403.95 - NFAB-C0773QC-TX 2007-13 Chevy/GMC 2500/3500, 07-10 1500 Reg. Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $369.95 - NFAB-C0753RC 2007-13 Chevy/GMC 2500/3500, 07-10 1500 Reg. Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step Textured Black) - $369.95 - NFAB-C0753RC-TX 2011-14 Chevy/GMC 2500/3500 Crew Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $437.95 - NFAB-C1180CC 2011-14 Chevy/GMC 2500/3500 Crew Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black) - $437.95 - NFAB-C1180CC-TX 2011-14 Chevy/GMC 2500/3500 Ext. Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $403.95 - NFAB-C1173QC 2011-14 Chevy/GMC 2500/3500 Ext. Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black) - $403.95 - NFAB-C1173QC-TX 2011-14 Chevy/GMC 2500/3500 Reg. Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $369.95 - NFAB-C1153RC 2011-14 Chevy/GMC 2500/3500 Reg. Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black) - $369.95 - NFAB-C1153RC-TX 2014-17 Chevy/GMC 1500 Crew Cab All Bed; Cab Length RKR Rails (Textured Black) - $486.95 - NFAB-C144RKRCC 2014-17 Chevy/GMC 1500 Crew Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $437.95 - NFAB-C1475CC 2015-17 Colorado/Canyon Ext. Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $437.95 - NFAB-G1566QC 2015-17 Colorado/Canyon Ext. Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black) - $437.95 - NFAB-G1566QC-TX
Quantity:
Product Reviews Summary
Overall: 4.3
11 Customer Review (s)
Appearance
4.5
Ease of Installation
4.5
Price / Value
4.2
Quality
4.2
Click Here to See
Customer Reviews of This Product
Order Reviews by:
--Select-- Newest Oldest Highest Rating Lowest Rating Most Helpful
1988-96 Chevy/GMC 1500/2500 Ext. Cab 2Dr All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black)-NFAB-C8873XC-TX
Review Title: Easy installation
Posted on: 02/11/2017
4.3
Author: Enrique Wilkins
(KS)
4.0
Appearance
4.0
Ease of Installation
4.0
Price / Value
5.0
Quality
Comments:
Nfab Nerf Steps fit perfectly on my Chevy. It only took me about 15 minutes to install both of them.
Was this review helpful?
2007-13 Chevy/GMC 2500/3500, 07-10 1500 Crew Cab All Bed; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black)-NFAB-C0780CC-TX
Review Title: Got the job done
Posted on: 03/07/2017
4.8
Author: Lola Bowen
(CA)
5.0
Appearance
5.0
Ease of Installation
5.0
Price / Value
4.0
Quality
Comments:
I'm picky about what goes on my truck and these nerf bars were perfect. They've got the style I like and are sturdy, even with a big person like me standing on them!
Was this review helpful?
1988-96 Chevy/GMC 1500/2500 Ext. Cab 2Dr All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black)-NFAB-C8873XC-TX
Review Title: Great nerf step bars
Posted on: 04/02/2017
4.3
Author: Nelson Estrada
(WA)
5.0
Appearance
4.0
Ease of Installation
4.0
Price / Value
4.0
Quality
Comments:
Bought these for my 1996 Chevy cab and installs easily. Step tubes are very sturdy and the textured black finish looks really good.
Was this review helpful?
2007-13 Chevy/GMC 2500/3500, 07-10 1500 Crew Cab All Bed; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black)-NFAB-C0780CC-TX
Review Title:
Posted on: 04/18/2017
4.3
Author: Walter Green
(MS)
4.0
Appearance
5.0
Ease of Installation
4.0
Price / Value
4.0
Quality
Comments:
Was this review helpful?
1999-06 Chevy/GMC 1500/2500 Reg. Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black)-NFAB-C9946RC
Review Title: Long lasting nerf step
Posted on: 05/14/2017
4.8
Author: Carlton Daniels
(OH)
5.0
Appearance
5.0
Ease of Installation
5.0
Price / Value
4.0
Quality
Comments:
These nerf steps are really great. Not difficult to install and very sturdy. As soon as I stepped on them I know they will last longer than my old ones.
Was this review helpful?
Dodge
Find your product here:
Click the arrow to the right of this box to find all available products. 1994-01 Ram Quad Cab 4Dr All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $403.95 - NFAB-D9773QC 1994-01 Ram Quad Cab 4Dr All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black) - $403.95 - NFAB-D9773QC-TX 1994-01 Ram Reg. Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $369.95 - NFAB-D9746RC 1994-01 Ram Reg. Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black) - $369.95 - NFAB-D9746RC-TX 2002-08 Ram Quad Cab 4Dr All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $403.95 - NFAB-D0273QC 2002-08 Ram Quad Cab 4Dr All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black) - $403.95 - NFAB-D0273QC-TX 2002-08 Ram Reg. Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $369.95 - NFAB-D0246RC 2002-08 Ram Reg. Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black) - $369.95 - NFAB-D0246RC-TX 2006-09 Ram Mega Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $437.95 - NFAB-D0686CC 2006-09 Ram Mega Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black) - $437.95 - NFAB-D0686CC-TX 2009-15.5 Ram 1500 Quad Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $437.95 - NFAB-D0973QC 2009-15.5 Ram 1500 Quad Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black) - $437.95 - NFAB-D0973QC-TX 2009-17 Ram 1500, 09-15.5 2500/3500/4500 Crew Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Bla - $437.95 - NFAB-D0984CC-TX 2009-17 Ram 1500/09-15.5 2500/3500/4500 Crew Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $437.95 - NFAB-D0984CC 2009-17 Ram 1500/2500/3500 Reg. Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $403.95 - NFAB-D0952RC 2009-17 Ram 1500/2500/3500 Reg. Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black) - $403.95 - NFAB-D0952RC-TX 2010-17 Ram 2500/3500 Mega Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $437.95 - NFAB-D1089MC 2010-17 Ram 2500/3500 Mega Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black) - $437.95 - NFAB-D1089MC-TX
Quantity:
Product Reviews Summary
Overall: 4.3
10 Customer Review (s)
Appearance
3.9
Ease of Installation
4.2
Price / Value
4.5
Quality
4.5
Click Here to See
Customer Reviews of This Product
Order Reviews by:
--Select-- Newest Oldest Highest Rating Lowest Rating Most Helpful
2002-08 Ram Quad Cab 4Dr All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black)-NFAB-D0273QC-TX
Review Title: Looks great
Posted on: 04/17/2017
4.3
Author: Tom Osborne
(VT)
3.0
Appearance
4.0
Ease of Installation
5.0
Price / Value
5.0
Quality
Comments:
Just the right length, doesn't look odd and it installed perfectly.
Was this review helpful?
2006-09 Ram Mega Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black)-NFAB-D0686CC
Review Title: My ideal nerf steps
Posted on: 05/23/2017
4.0
Author: Jessie Gray
(TX)
4.0
Appearance
3.0
Ease of Installation
5.0
Price / Value
4.0
Quality
Comments:
These nerf steps are my ideal thing for my flat bed truck. They are well-designed to be easy to install and to last for many years.
Was this review helpful?
2009-17 Ram 1500, 09-15.5 2500/3500/4500 Crew Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Bla-NFAB-D0984CC-TX
Review Title:
Posted on: 08/29/2017
4.3
Author: Conrad Pratt
(MD)
4.0
Appearance
5.0
Ease of Installation
4.0
Price / Value
4.0
Quality
Comments:
Was this review helpful?
2009-17 Ram 1500, 09-15.5 2500/3500/4500 Crew Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Bla-NFAB-D0984CC-TX
Review Title: Sturdy nerf steps
Posted on: 09/11/2017
4.3
Author: Mario Vasquez
(WI)
3.0
Appearance
4.0
Ease of Installation
5.0
Price / Value
5.0
Quality
Comments:
The steps are built-well and fit exactly as it should be. I was able to install them quickly. These steps are really sturdy.
Was this review helpful?
2009-17 Ram 1500, 09-15.5 2500/3500/4500 Crew Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Bla-NFAB-D0984CC-TX
Review Title:
Posted on: 09/20/2017
4.5
Author: Arturo Lambert
(MT)
4.0
Appearance
4.0
Ease of Installation
5.0
Price / Value
5.0
Quality
Comments:
Was this review helpful?
Ford
Find your product here:
Click the arrow to the right of this box to find all available products. 1987-96 F250/F350 Reg. Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $369.95 - NFAB-F9246RC 1987-96 F250/F350 Reg. Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black) - $369.95 - NFAB-F9246RC-TX 1987-97 F250/F350 Crew Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $437.95 - NFAB-F9284CC 1987-97 F250/F350 Crew Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black) - $437.95 - NFAB-F9284CC-TX 1987-97 F250/F350 Ext. Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $382.95 - NFAB-F9280XC 1997-03 F150/Lobo Extra Cab 4Dr All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $403.95 - NFAB-F9773QC 1997-03 F150/Lobo Extra Cab 4Dr All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black) - $403.95 - NFAB-F9773QC-TX 1997-03 F150/Lobo Reg. Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $369.95 - NFAB-F9746RC 1997-03 F150/Lobo Reg. Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black) - $369.95 - NFAB-F9746RC-TX 1999-16 F250/F350 Super Duty Crew Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $437.95 - NFAB-F9984CC 1999-16 F250/F350 Super Duty Crew Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black) - $437.95 - NFAB-F9984CC-TX 1999-16 F250/F350 Super Duty Reg. Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $369.95 - NFAB-F9946RC 1999-16 F250/F350 Super Duty Reg. Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black) - $369.95 - NFAB-F9946RC-TX 1999-16 F250/F350 Super Duty SuperCab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $403.95 - NFAB-F9973QC 1999-16 F250/F350 Super Duty SuperCab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black) - $403.95 - NFAB-F9973QC-TX 2001-03 F150 SuperCrew All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $437.95 - NFAB-F0180SC 2004-08 F150/Lobo Quad Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $403.95 - NFAB-F0473QC 2004-08 F150/Lobo Quad Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black) - $403.95 - NFAB-F0473QC-TX 2004-08 F150/Lobo Reg. Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $369.95 - NFAB-F0446RC 2004-08 F150/Lobo Reg. Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black) - $369.95 - NFAB-F0446RC-TX 2004-08 F150/Lobo SuperCrew All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $437.95 - NFAB-F0480SC 2004-08 F150/Lobo SuperCrew All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black) - $437.95 - NFAB-F0480SC-TX 2009-14 F150/Raptor/Lobo SuperCab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $403.95 - NFAB-F0973QC 2009-14 F150/Raptor/Lobo SuperCab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black) - $403.95 - NFAB-F0973QC-TX 2009-14 F150/Raptor/Lobo SuperCrew All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $437.95 - NFAB-F0989CC 2009-14 F150/Raptor/Lobo SuperCrew All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black) - $437.95 - NFAB-F0989CC-TX 2015-17 F150 SuperCrew All Beds; Cab Length RKR Rails (Textured Black) - $486.95 - NFAB-F154RKRCC
Quantity:
Product Reviews Summary
Overall: 4.5
8 Customer Review (s)
Appearance
4.4
Ease of Installation
4.4
Price / Value
4.5
Quality
4.6
Click Here to See
Customer Reviews of This Product
Order Reviews by:
--Select-- Newest Oldest Highest Rating Lowest Rating Most Helpful
2004-08 F150/Lobo Quad Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black)-NFAB-F0473QC-TX
Review Title:
Posted on: 10/11/2017
4.5
Author: Lucas Hunt
(CA)
4.0
Appearance
4.0
Ease of Installation
5.0
Price / Value
5.0
Quality
Comments:
Was this review helpful?
2009-14 F150/Raptor/Lobo SuperCrew All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black)-NFAB-F0989CC
Review Title:
Posted on: 10/16/2017
4.3
Author: Don Mitchell
(KS)
4.0
Appearance
5.0
Ease of Installation
4.0
Price / Value
4.0
Quality
Comments:
Was this review helpful?
2004-08 F150/Lobo SuperCrew All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black)-NFAB-F0480SC-TX
Review Title: Low price tire package
Posted on: 12/27/2017
4.0
Author: Wendell Singleton
(OH)
4.0
Appearance
4.0
Ease of Installation
4.0
Price / Value
4.0
Quality
Comments:
This is a low price front and rear tire package. For their price, they are already above average tires in terms of construction and performance.
Was this review helpful?
2009-14 F150/Raptor/Lobo SuperCrew All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black)-NFAB-F0989CC
Review Title:
Posted on: 01/13/2018
4.8
Author: Olga Cox
(NC)
5.0
Appearance
5.0
Ease of Installation
4.0
Price / Value
5.0
Quality
Comments:
Was this review helpful?
2015-17 F150 SuperCrew All Beds; Cab Length RKR Rails (Textured Black)-NFAB-F154RKRCC
Review Title:
Posted on: 06/17/2018
4.5
Author: Sarai Sommers
(KY)
4.0
Appearance
5.0
Ease of Installation
5.0
Price / Value
4.0
Quality
Comments:
Was this review helpful?
Nissan
Find your product here:
Click the arrow to the right of this box to find all available products. 2004-15 Titan Crew Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $403.95 - NFAB-N0477CC 2004-15 Titan Crew Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black) - $403.95 - NFAB-N0477CC-TX 2004-15 Titan King Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $403.95 - NFAB-N0477QC 2004-15 Titan King Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black) - $403.95 - NFAB-N0477QC-TX 2005-17 Frontier/Equator/Navara King Cab/Ext. Cab 4.5' Bed; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $382.95 - NFAB-N0570CC 2005-17 Frontier/Equator/Navara King Cab/Ext. Cab 4.5' Bed; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black) - $382.95 - NFAB-N0570CC-TX 2005-17 Frontier/Equator/Navara King Cab/Ext. Cab 5.5' Bed; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $382.95 - NFAB-N0570QC 2005-17 Frontier/Equator/Navara King Cab/Ext. Cab 5.5' Bed; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black) - $382.95 - NFAB-N0570QC-TX
Quantity:
Product Reviews Summary
Overall: 4.3
1 Customer Review (s)
Appearance
5.0
Ease of Installation
4.0
Price / Value
5.0
Quality
3.0
Click Here to See
Customer Reviews of This Product
Order Reviews by:
--Select-- Newest Oldest Highest Rating Lowest Rating Most Helpful
2004-15 Titan King Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black)-NFAB-N0477QC
Review Title: Low priced nerf steps with good quality
Posted on: 04/09/2018
4.3
Author: Walter Paul
(MD)
5.0
Appearance
4.0
Ease of Installation
5.0
Price / Value
3.0
Quality
Comments:
These are low priced nerf steps with a good design and construction. We installed them to our pickup and only took us a little time to do it.
Was this review helpful?
Toyota
Find your product here:
Click the arrow to the right of this box to find all available products. 2004-06 Tundra Dbl. Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $437.95 - NFAB-T0480CC 2004-06 Tundra Dbl. Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black) - $437.95 - NFAB-T0480CC-TX 2005-15 Tacoma Access Cab 6' Bed; W2W Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $382.95 - NFAB-T0678QC 2005-15 Tacoma Dbl. Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $382.95 - NFAB-T0678CC 2005-15 Tacoma Dbl. Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black) - $382.95 - NFAB-T0678CC-TX 2007-17 Tundra CrewMax All Beds; Cab Length RKR Rails (Textured Black) - $486.95 - NFAB-T074RKRCC 2007-17 Tundra Dbl. Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $403.95 - NFAB-T0777QC 2007-17 Tundra Dbl. Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black) - $403.95 - NFAB-T0777QC-TX 2007-17 Tundra Reg. Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Gloss Black) - $369.95 - NFAB-T0754RC 2007-17 Tundra Reg. Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black) - $369.95 - NFAB-T0754RC-TX 2016-17 Tacoma Dbl. Cab All Beds; Cab Length RKR Rails (Textured Black) - $486.95 - NFAB-T154RKRCC 2016-21 Tacoma Access Cab; RKR Rails (Textured Black) - $486.95 - NFAB-T154RKRQC
Quantity:
Product Reviews Summary
Overall: 4.4
7 Customer Review (s)
Appearance
4.3
Ease of Installation
4.3
Price / Value
4.4
Quality
4.6
Click Here to See
Customer Reviews of This Product
Order Reviews by:
--Select-- Newest Oldest Highest Rating Lowest Rating Most Helpful
2005-15 Tacoma Dbl. Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black)-NFAB-T0678CC-TX
Review Title:
Posted on: 04/20/2017
4.5
Author: Jonathan Bennett
(MT)
5.0
Appearance
5.0
Ease of Installation
4.0
Price / Value
4.0
Quality
Comments:
Was this review helpful?
2007-17 Tundra Dbl. Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black)-NFAB-T0777QC-TX
Review Title: Heavy-duty nerf step
Posted on: 09/04/2017
4.8
Author: Kayla Carr
(SC)
5.0
Appearance
4.0
Ease of Installation
5.0
Price / Value
5.0
Quality
Comments:
This nerf step works hard as I do. Very sturdy and reliable step access to my work truck. The textured black finish gives a tough look on my Tundra.
Was this review helpful?
2005-15 Tacoma Dbl. Cab All Beds; Cab Length Nerf Step (Textured Black)-NFAB-T0678CC-TX
Review Title: Rugged and reliable step bars
Posted on: 09/06/2017
3.8
Author: Timothy Cole
(KS)
4.0
Appearance
3.0
Ease of Installation
3.0
Price / Value
5.0
Quality
Comments:
I got these step bars for my 2013 Tacoma Crew Cab. They are pretty solid to step on. They look rugged enough for my truck.
Was this review helpful?
2007-17 Tundra CrewMax All Beds; Cab Length RKR Rails (Textured Black)-NFAB-T074RKRCC
Review Title:
Posted on: 10/02/2017
4.5
Author: Preston Ray
(GA)
4.0
Appearance
5.0
Ease of Installation
4.0
Price / Value
5.0
Quality
Comments:
Was this review helpful?
2007-17 Tundra CrewMax All Beds; Cab Length RKR Rails (Textured Black)-NFAB-T074RKRCC
Review Title: Great style, reliable strength
Posted on: 11/22/2017
4.5
Author: Arthur Walker
(UT)
4.0
Appearance
4.0
Ease of Installation
5.0
Price / Value
5.0
Quality
Comments:
I find these Nerf Steps great in terms of style and functionality for my Toyota Tundra. After having them for a quite a while now, I haven't yet experienced any flexing. The strength of these step bars is reliable.
Was this review helpful?
N-Fab Cab Length Step Nerf Bars
Overview
N-Fab Cab Length Step Nerf Bars are made to stand up to the highest level of abuse encountered in work or construction situations. The perfect complement to custom-built trucks with lifted suspensions with oversized tires. Perfect for a flatbed, stake bed, trucks with campers, utility beds, or side exhaust. Featuring a Zinc Base Coat with a High Gloss Black Finish Coat for a high-quality corrosion-protected finish will outlast other steps on the market.
The standard finish is a gloss black powder coat three mm. thick. Bonded chrome powder coat finish looks like transparent silver and comes with a two-year warranty. The bonded process attaches to the metal at the molecular level for a more durable finish that will last longer than conventional plated chrome.
Custom paint colors are also available and come with a one year warranty. These cost more and require a little extra time for delivery. N-Fab Cab Length Step Nerf Bars are available for Chevy, Dodge, Ford, Nissan, and Toyota Trucks.
N-FAB Cab Length Nerf Steps design features drop-down steps with welded step pads on a full 3" tube for rugged durability. Welded, one-piece units for fast, easy installation. That construction gives them a 445-lb. weight rating (highest in the industry). Custom-fit to the vehicle with the main bar built high and tight to hide the vehicle frame and provide better protection from road debris. They are made in USA.
Features
Standard Color Is Gloss Black Powder Coat
Life Time Warranty on Product & 5 Year Warranty on Finish
N-FAB Patented Drop Step Design
Solid 1 Piece Construction (Non Modular Design)
Main Bar Protects Truck From Road Debris
Bar Is Positioned High & Tight For A Better Fit & Cleaner Look
All Bolt On Design That Wont Flex
Cab Length Bars Are Perfect For Trucks With Campers, Flatbeds & Utility Style Beds
| msmarco_doc_00_27074374 |
http://4wheelonline.com/NittoTires.19627 | Nitto Tires - On Sale Now Plus Save $400 - 4WheelOnline.Com | Nitto
Off Road, Mud and Truck Tires
Nitto Off Road, Mud and Truck Tires
Nitto Tires are On Sale Now - Save $400!
| Nitto Tires - On Sale Now Plus Save $400 - 4WheelOnline.Com
Nitto Off Road, Mud and Truck Tires
Nitto Tires are On Sale Now - Save $400!
Nitto Tires are superior when it comes to engineering, design, and functionality. Their staff is completely devoted to delivering the best tires on the market and is constantly in the pursuit of researching and developing new and improved design patterns. Nitto Tires come in a wide variety of design patterns and will serve both off-road and street.
We offer the largest Selection of Nitto Tires available, we have Nitto Grappler Tires for Jeeps, Trucks and SUV's, and Street Tires for Luxury Cars and Sport Cars. Every Nitto Tire is specifically designed to enhance you're your vehicle's handling and control on the streets, in the mud, and on the trails. If you're looking for the best on the market, then look no further than Nitto Tires; built strong for your enjoyment, built strong for your safety. Our staff is ready to help you with your purchase. Call us at (813) 769-2451
Trustpilot Custom Widget
0 out of five star rating on Trustpilot
0 out of five star rating on Trustpilot
0 out of five star rating on Trustpilot
0 out of five star rating on Trustpilot
0 out of five star rating on Trustpilot
5 out of five star rating on Trustpilot
March 28
Nitto 555 / 555r's
Quick delivery ....no issues ...best price by a mile !
Daniel Haapapuro
5 out of five star rating on Trustpilot
March 14
Trust,Excellent service,Knowledgeable, Best prices anywhere!!! I'll buy from you again
I've bought my 2nd set of nitto neo-gem tires from y'all, they have lasted me 3 years...
Bob Baker
5 out of five star rating on Trustpilot
March 19
Hard to find Nittos, fast
I got fresh new Nitto terra Grappler A/T G2s at a good price, and quick from 4wheelon...
Brian N Bohnhoff
Rated 3.6 / 5 based on 801 reviews.
Rated 3.6 / 5 • 801 reviews
Showing our favorite reviews.
Trustpilot
1 to 24 of 24 Results SHOW:
24 48 96
SORT BY:
Recommended Best Ratings Price Low to High Price High to Low
Nitto NT420V Tires
FROM: $158.57
Nitto NT-SN2 Winter Tires
FROM: $85.83
Nitto NT555 G2 Tires
FROM: $135.00
Nitto NT555RII Tires
FROM: $194.00
Nitto Ridge Grappler Tires
FROM: $286.00
Nitto Trail Grappler M/T Tires
FROM: $418.00
Nitto Mud Grappler
(49)
FROM: $297.00
Nitto Dura Grappler
(36)
FROM: $156.15
Nitto Terra Grappler G2
(243)
FROM: $157.49
Nitto Ridge Grappler
FROM: $195.00
Nitto INVO Tires
(20)
FROM: $148.00
Nitto Exo Grappler
FROM: $205.00
Nitto Dune Grappler
FROM: $275.00
Nitto Trail Grappler
(145)
FROM: $249.00
Nitto Terra Grappler
(45)
FROM: $158.31
Nitto Motivo Tires
FROM: $114.03
Nitto NT555R Tires
(3)
FROM: $335.00
Nitto NEO GEN Tires
(6)
FROM: $91.99
Nitto NT01 Street Tires
(1)
FROM: $160.00
Nitto NT05 Tires
(13)
FROM: $117.34
Nitto NT05R™ Tires
FROM: $283.21
Nitto NT90W Tires
FROM: $148.72
Nitto NT421Q Tires
(9)
FROM: $132.00
Nitto Trail Grappler SxS Tires
FROM: $295.30
| msmarco_doc_00_27096970 |
http://4wheelonline.com/Toyo_Open_Country_MT_Tires.202672.0 | Toyo Open Country M/T Tires - On Sale Now | 4WheelOnline.com | Toyo Open Country M/T Tires
Toyo Open Country M/T Tires
Product Information
List Price:
Our Price:
Rating:
Part #:
| Toyo Open Country M/T Tires - On Sale Now | 4WheelOnline.com
Toyo Open Country M/T Tires
The requested content cannot be found
The Open Country M/T is legendary for durability, off-road performance, long tread life, and an aggressive tread pattern. It's designed to help trucks work hard on pavement, then work just as hard when roads are muddy, snowy, and rocky—or when there are no roads at all. The aggressive tread design delivers excellent off-road traction while maintaining great on-road performance. The open, scalloped shoulder blocks help eject mud and snow through the open channels, further maintaining the grip in those conditions.
Lowest Prices Online with deep discounts
Buy With Confidence using our secure online store
Expert Support service before and after sales
Toyo Tires
Authorized Dealer
This product DOES NOT Fit Your
View Product That Fits
Change Vehicle
What do you drive? We will tell you if it fits.
Select Type...
Select Year...
Select Make...
Select Model...
Don't see your vehicle listed?
Select Extended Vehicle Information
Select Sub Model...
Product Information
List Price:
$273.00 - $1149.07
Our Price:
$204.75 - $861.80
Free Shipping
Rating:
4.5 ( 12 reviews)
Part #:
111292
UPC:
View available part numbers for this product line
Select Product... 438-190-360670-Toyo Open Country M/T 275/55R20/8 115/112P 438-190-360100-Toyo Open Country M/T 33X12.50R15/6 108P 438-190-360760-Toyo Open Country M/T 33X12.50R17/10 120Q 438-190-360340-Toyo Open Country M/T 33X12.50R18/10 118Q 438-190-360810-Toyo Open Country M/T 33x12.50R18/12 122Q 438-190-360330-Toyo Open Country M/T 33X12.50R20/10 114Q 438-190-360830-Toyo Open Country M/T 33X12.50R20LT/12 119Q 438-190-360520-Toyo Open Country M/T 33X12.50R22/10 109Q 438-190-360840-Toyo Open Country M/T 33x12.50R22/12 114Q 438-190-360290-Toyo Open Country M/T 33X13.50R15/8 109Q 438-190-360310-Toyo Open Country M/T 35X12.50R17/10 125Q 438-190-360820-Toyo Open Country M/T 35x12.50R18/12 128Q 438-190-360240-Toyo Open Country M/T 35X12.50R20/10 121Q 438-190-360800-Toyo Open Country M/T 35x12.50R20/12 125Q 438-190-360540-Toyo Open Country M/T 35x12.50R22/10 117Q 438-190-360850-Toyo Open Country M/T 35x12.50R22/12 121Q 438-190-361000-Toyo Open Country M/T 35X13.50R15/6 114Q 438-190-360860-Toyo Open Country M/T 35X13.50R20/12 126Q 438-190-360440-Toyo Open Country M/T LT235/85R16/10 120/116P 438-190-360450-Toyo Open Country M/T LT245/75R16/10 120/116P 438-190-360790-Toyo Open Country M/T LT255/75R17/8 111/108Q 438-190-360460-Toyo Open Country M/T LT255/85R16/10 123/120P 438-190-360130-Toyo Open Country M/T LT265/70R17/10 121P 438-190-360320-Toyo Open Country M/T LT265/75R16/10 123P 438-190-360620-Toyo Open Country M/T LT275/65R18/10 123/120P 438-190-360410-Toyo Open Country M/T LT275/65R20/10 126P 438-190-360120-Toyo Open Country M/T LT275/70R18/10 125P 438-190-361040-Toyo Open Country M/T LT285/60R20/10 125/122Q 438-190-360650-Toyo Open Country M/T LT285/70R17/10 121/118P 438-190-360590-Toyo Open Country M/T LT285/70R18/10 127/124Q 438-190-360280-Toyo Open Country M/T LT285/75R16/10 126P 438-190-360610-Toyo Open Country M/T LT295/55R20/10 123/120P 438-190-360660-Toyo Open Country M/T LT295/60R20/10 126/123P 438-190-360630-Toyo Open Country M/T LT295/65R20/10 129/126P 438-190-360360-Toyo Open Country M/T LT295/70R17/10 128P 438-190-360640-Toyo Open Country M/T LT295/70R18/10 129/126P 438-190-360870-Toyo Open Country M/T LT305/55R20/12 125/122Q 438-190-360110-Toyo Open Country M/T LT305/70R16/10 124P 438-190-360510-Toyo Open Country M/T LT315/60R20/10 125Q 438-190-360780-Toyo Open Country M/T LT315/70R17/10 121/118Q 438-190-360560-Toyo Open Country M/T LT315/70R18/10 127/124Q 438-190-360230-Toyo Open Country M/T LT315/75R16/10 127Q 438-190-360090-Open Country M/T 35x12.5R18 123Q 10-Ply Tire 438-190-360420-Open Country M/T 285/75R18 129P 10-Ply Tire 438-190-360430-Open Country M/T 285/75R17 121P 10-Ply Tire 438-190-360470-Open Country M/T 33x10.5R15 114P 6-Ply Tire 438-190-360490-Open Country M/T 31x10.5R15 109Q 6-Ply Tire 438-190-360880-Open Country M/T 325/50R22 122Q 10-Ply Tire 438-190-361090-Open Country M/T 265/70R18 124/121Q 10-Ply Tire 438-190-361100-Open Country M/T 285/70R17 116/113Q 6-Ply Tire 438-190-361110-Open Country M/T 255/80R17 121/118Q 10-Ply Tire 438-190-361120-Open Country M/T 325/50R22 127Q 12-Ply Tire 438-190-361130-Open Country M/T 295/55R22 125/122Q 10-Ply Tire 438-190-361140-Open Country M/T 305/65R18 128/125Q 12-Ply Tire 438-190-361150-Open Country M/T 315/70R17 113/110Q 6-Ply Tire 438-190-360180-Open Country M/T 38x15.5R18 128Q 8-Ply Tire 438-190-360190-Open Country M/T 38x15.5R20 125Q 8-Ply Tire 438-190-360200-Open Country M/T 40x15.5R22 127Q 8-Ply Tire 438-190-360210-Open Country M/T 37x13.5R22 123Q 10-Ply Tire 438-190-360220-Open Country M/T 37x13.5R20 127Q 10-Ply Tire 438-190-360260-Open Country M/T 37x14.5R15 120Q 6-Ply Tire 438-190-360270-Open Country M/T 37x13.5R17 131Q 10-Ply Tire 438-190-360300-Open Country M/T 37x13.5R18 124Q 8-Ply Tire 438-190-360350-Open Country M/T 37x13.5R24 120Q 10-Ply Tire 438-190-360370-Open Country M/T 40x15.5R20 130Q 8-Ply Tire 438-190-360380-Open Country M/T 38x13.5R18 126Q 8-Ply Tire 438-190-360390-Open Country M/T 38x13.5R20 124Q 8-Ply Tire 438-190-360480-Open Country M/T 385/70R16 130Q 8-Ply Tire 438-190-360680-Open Country M/T 40x15.5R24 128P 10-Ply Tire 438-190-360750-Open Country M/T 37x12.5R20 126Q 10-Ply Tire 438-190-360770-Open Country M/T 37x12.5R17 124Q 8-Ply Tire 438-190-361010-Open Country M/T 40x13.5R17 121Q 6-Ply Tire 438-190-361050-Open Country M/T 37x12.5R22 127Q 12-Ply Tire 438-190-361160-Open Country M/T 37x13.5R22 128Q 12-Ply Tire 438-190-360970-Open Country M/T 40x15.5R26 126Q 10-Ply Tire 438-190-360980-Open Country M/T 38x15.5R22 128Q 10-Ply Tire
Quantity:
Add to cart
Have a Question? Talk to an expert, we know our products. 1-813-769-2451
| msmarco_doc_00_27100442 |
http://4wheelonline.com/Truck_Leveling_Kits.54525 | Up to 50% Off Truck Leveling Kits | 4WheelOnline.com | Truck Leveling Kits
Truck Leveling Kits
Truck Leveling Kits - Now get up to 50% Off and Free Shipping!
Truck Leveling Kits
| Up to 50% Off Truck Leveling Kits | 4WheelOnline.com
Truck Leveling Kits
Truck Leveling Kits - Now get up to 50% Off and Free Shipping!
It's not always a simple task when it comes to deciding on the proper truck leveling kit. In reality, a leveling kit functions pretty much in the same way as a body lift kit, but with different purposes. Where a body lift is intended to gain an all-around even lift of a truck, a leveling kit provides additional lift specifically to either the front or the rear. For instance, a truck with a heavy duty winch and front bumper mount is much heavier and may dip at the front. That imbalance can adversely affect handling or tire and suspension wear.
Pro Comp Leveling
Free Shipping!
Fabtech Leveling
Free Shipping!
Skyjacker Leveling
Free Shipping!
1 to 24 of 142 Results SHOW:
24 48 96
SORT BY:
Recommended Best Ratings Price Low to High Price High to Low
Pages 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ground Force Block Kits
FROM: $9.95
ReadyLIFT Chevrolet Avalanche Leveling Kits
FROM: $229.95
ReadyLIFT Nissan Armada Leveling Kits
FROM: $229.95
ReadyLIFT Nissan Titan Leveling Kits
FROM: $194.95
Pro Comp Front Leveling Kits
(9)
FROM: $51.23
Skyjacker Suspensions Leveling Lifts
(6)
FROM: $73.78
Rancho Chevrolet GMC Coil Spring Spacers
FROM: $49.95
Rancho Toyota Quick Lift
FROM: $74.46
ReadyLIFT Hummer H2 Leveling Kits
FROM: $229.95
ReadyLIFT Hummer H3 Leveling Kits
FROM: $229.95
ReadyLIFT Lincoln Mark LT Leveling Kits
FROM: $229.95
Ready Lift SST Lift Kits
FROM: $329.95
REVTEK Chevrolet GMC Leveling Lifts
FROM: $124.44
Chevy/GM Tuff Country Leveling Kits
FROM: $84.37
Dodge Tuff Country Leveling Kits
FROM: $57.98
Ford Tuff Country Leveling Kits
(4)
FROM: $101.96
Truxxx Cadillac Leveling Kits
FROM: $65.31
Truxxx Chevrolet GMC Leveling Kits
(7)
FROM: $59.77
Truxxx Dodge Leveling Kits
(4)
FROM: $98.51
Truxxx Ford Leveling Kits
(4)
FROM: $73.62
Truxxx Honda Leveling Kits
(3)
FROM: $70.84
Truxxx Hummer Leveling Kits
(1)
FROM: $59.77
Truxxx Mazda Leveling Kits
FROM: $109.58
Truxxx Mitsubishi Leveling Kits
FROM: $120.65
Pages 1 2 3 4 5 6
Suspension Lifts
The Best Kits from the Best Manufacturers at the Lowest Prices - PLUS FREE SHIPPING! Body Lifts
Simple Cost-Effective Solutions to Raise Your Truck, Enhance It's Good Looks and Improve It's Performance. Shocks
Choose from Selected Manufacturers of Rugged, High-Performance Truck Shock Absorbers and Keep Your Wheels Firmly Planted on the Trail.
Truck Leveling Kits
Leveling kits serve other functions also such as adding extra clearance space for larger tires and wheels or better rear wheel performance while towing or hauling heavy loads. They are simple and effective in how they function, and are also relatively easy to install.
When you like the factory ride of your vehicle but still want some lift, whether for performance, looks or both, we can help to provide you with the Lift Kit you need.
Truck leveling kits are important pieces of equipment for a variety of reasons. Typically, they are the unsung heroes of vehicle performance: a finished painting that is complete in every way, but hangs on your wall slightly crooked.
Why A Leveling Kit?
It's not hard to get confused when it comes to the many different kinds of truck parts out there, and leveling kits are no less intricate than some other pieces of truck hardware. A body lift is meant to produce an even lift of a vehicle, and will provide additional lift for either the front or rear end. This makes leveling kits particularly useful on vehicles where weight distribution causes a vehicle to have an uneven stance. As an example, a modified truck with a heavy duty winch and front bumper mount is heavier on the front end due to the added weight of the extra hardware, and so may dip unevenly towards the front causing an imbalance in your suspension. Aside from being unsightly, this imbalance can affect a variety of other factors, including handling or tire and suspension wear. A leveling kit is just what you would need to even out the stance of your truck.
Understanding Truck Leveling Kits?
While the name and purpose sounds similar to suspension lift kits, a leveling kit is decidedly different in its application. Suspension lift kits offer a number of different options and styles of kits for you to lift your ride, leveling kits are entirely vehicle-specific, and there is no universal kit that will work for every rig. For this reason, it's even more important to know the type of truck leveling kit that will fit your vehicle.
Types of Truck Leveling Kits
Strut Extensions: Strut Extension lifts are for vehicles that utilize a coilover strut for the front suspension, which typically include late-model half ton trucks and SUVs. These extension lifts operate off of the simple premise of applying a spacer on top of a factory strut. In this way, modifying your rig requires no modifications of factory parts, and therefore costs less. Plus, strut extensions are easily removed if need be.
Torsion Keys: Torsion keys replace factory pieces, allowing you to produce lift by manipulating a vehicle's torsion bar. Usually, aftermarket torsion keys are built stronger and sturdier than factory units to ensure that this is a safe and effective method of achieving lift.
Coil Spacers: Coil spacers are similar to strut extensions, only the spacer is added to the top of factory spring buckets. This allows you to enjoy all the benefits of truck leveling kits while maintaining a factory stance and OEM ride quality. In order to compensate for the additional lift, some coil spacer applications will require the installation of shock extensions.
Block Kits: Block kits are the preferred method of altering the ride height of the rear end of a vehicle, whether you're looking for a rear-high stance, or just want to put the rake back into your truck for hauling or towing.
Leveling Kits Articles and Reviews (3)
Even Your Truck with a Leveling Kit
Four Simple Steps to Follow with your Leveling Kit
Understanding Leveling Kits for your Truck
| msmarco_doc_00_27106708 |
http://4wheelonline.com/Truck_Shocks.23 | Truck Shocks - On Sale Now | 4WheelOnline.com | Truck Shocks
Truck Shocks
Shock Absorbers On Sale!
Truck Shock Absorbers
| Truck Shocks - On Sale Now | 4WheelOnline.com
Truck Shocks
Shock Absorbers On Sale!
Truck Shocks - On Sale Now at Low Prices and Free Shipping. Having the ability to keep your wheels on the pavement or trail is a challenge. With proper Shocks you can showcase superior control and handling of your vehicle. Truck Shocks will help control the spring motions on your vehicle, thus giving you a smooth and firm ride. Add strength, durability, better control and handling with new shocks.
Skyjacker Shocks Cash-Back Rebate! Buy 4 Skyjacker Hydro, Nitro or Black MAX Shocks and get $35 cash back rebate.
OR
Buy 4 M95 Monotube shocks and get $55 cash back rebate, during the rebate promotion period.
1 to 24 of 155 Results SHOW:
24 48 96
SORT BY:
Recommended Best Ratings Price Low to High Price High to Low
Pages 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Pro Comp ES1000 Shocks
(3)
FROM: $46.31
Pro Comp ES3000 Shocks
(4)
FROM: $57.63
Pro Comp ES9000 Shocks
(34)
FROM: $60.75
Pro Comp MX-6 Adjustable Shocks
(7)
FROM: $140.34
Rancho RS9000XL Shocks
(36)
FROM: $117.98
Rancho Steering Stabilizers
(7)
FROM: $49.95
Fabtech Performance Shocks
(9)
FROM: $48.19
Superlift Gas Shocks
(2)
FROM: $55.95
Pro Comp Jeep Steering Stabilizer System
FROM: $257.23
Fabtech Ford Steering Stabilizers
FROM: $49.95
Fabtech Dodge Steering Stabilizers
(3)
FROM: $49.95
Skyjacker Hydro 7000 Shocks
(22)
FROM: $41.23
Skyjacker Nitro 8000 Shocks
(6)
FROM: $51.54
Skyjacker Jeep Hydro Shocks
(22)
FROM: $41.23
Skyjacker Jeep Nitro Shocks
(6)
FROM: $51.54
Fabtech Dirt Logic 2.25 Reservoir Shocks
FROM: $349.95
Ground Force Shock Absorbers
FROM: $116.85
Warrior Products Jeep Shock Conversion Mounts
FROM: $49.95
Pro Comp Replacement Leaf Spring and Shock Bushings
FROM: $10.24
RevTek Replacement Shocks
FROM: $57.95
Pro Comp Dual Steering Stabilizer Systems
(1)
FROM: $131.99
Pro Comp Single Steering Stabilizer System Components
(4)
FROM: $18.18
Rubicon Express Jeep JK Monotube Shocks
FROM: $102.26
Rubicon Express Jeep LJ Unlimited Shock Kits
FROM: $244.64
Pages 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Truck Shock Absorbers
Truck Shock Absorbers at 4 Wheel Online are of the highest quality and will surely keep your wheels firmly on the trail or the pavement. We offer a wide assortment of shocks for virtually any truck and SUV. These shocks are made by the industry's leading manufacturers. All our Truck Shock Absorbers are made to last and will provide better handling and control on and off the trails. Having the correct Truck Shocks can make such a difference that it feels like your riding or driving in a completely different vehicle. So break away from the norm, turn an ordinary ride to an extraordinary ride!
>Our Shocks are priced low, but rest assure that low prices doesn't mean a lower quality or a different scale of standards. We deliver the same quality products that other companies do but at a significantly lower price. Check out our promotions on top brands of Truck Shock Absorbers. We know we will have just what you are looking for, see for yourself!
4 Wheel Online delivers the best products at the Lowest Prices. All Orders are processed quickly and accurately so you can start enjoying your products sooner! We have the best deals and look forward saving you money. Being the largest online supplier of truck and SUV parts and accessories, we pride ourselves for carrying the most eligible and outstanding Shocks that you'll ever find. We recommend that you go through our entire shock line, to ensure that you have gathered as much information to what will fit your needs better. With huge savings and exceptional features, there's no way that you will find better deals.
The Right Shock Absorbers will enhance your riding experience, they give you a safer ride and provide you with better control of the vehicle, and serve many purposes, but the main purpose of this energy-absorbing device is to stop a moving load with a minimum load rebound, with the minimum shock to the surrounding equipment and minimum shock to the load. Determining the type and weight of the load is critical when determining what Shock Absorber to get. Knowing the weight is important because there are several types of loads that can be encountered in its applications. The type of load includes pure inertial, rotating, free-falling and loads subjected to an additional propelling force. After considering the type of load, it is important to know the load weight and velocity. Having basic knowledge is critical when determining what Truck Shocks are appropriate for your vehicle.
Next to the type of load are the load weight and velocity that are essential in choosing the size of shocks. Aside from that, the number of impacts per unit of time as well as ambient conditions and potential shock to equipment are also important factors that should be taken into account along with your decision making.
Shock applications must also be significant part of your selection. There are various application conditions that need to be given an immediate attention, such application conditions include load acceleration, maximum propelling force applied to the load, the time limitations imposed in the equipment and extreme temperatures. Under the time limitations, you also have to include minimum and maximum cycle times.
When choosing, we recommend shocks of 50 to 60% of capacity. This is because the quantity of impact that the shock absorbers can manage is inversely proportional to the strength length of its stroke. Thus, if you double the stroke, it will cut the impact of the load in half. We hope that the information above will help you select the right Truck Shocks for your vehicle. If you still need help choosing what fits your needs, than feel free to call our representatives for further assistance. We strive to provide you with as much information to help with your purchase.
4 Wheel Online is committed to providing you, our valued customers, with only the best selection of truck or SUV parts and accessories such as truck shocks and truck shock absorbers. We look forward to providing you with the best Shocks on the market!
Shock Absorber Articles and Reviews (2)
Shock Absorber Information - The Basics
Types of Shock Absorbers
| msmarco_doc_00_27113232 |
http://4wheelonline.com/WeldWheels.1187 | Weld Wheels 20% Off and Ships Free | 4WheelOnline.com | Weld Wheels
Weld Wheels
These Wheels Are No Longer Available.
Have A Look At Our Extensive Line Of Truck Wheels HERE.
Weld Wheels - The Racer's Choice.
Weld Rims
Shop the Largest Selection of Leading Brand Wheels at 4WheelOnline.com!
Watch later
Weld Wheels Gallery
| Weld Wheels 20% Off and Ships Free | 4WheelOnline.com
Weld Wheels
These Wheels Are No Longer Available.
Have A Look At Our Extensive Line Of Truck Wheels HERE.
Weld Wheels - The Racer's Choice.
Weld Wheels are now 20% off and Ship Free. Weld Rims are the highest performance racing wheels on the market. Made from extremely durable alloys, these wheels are able to handle the most vigorous driving known to man. Whether you’re on the track, street, or strip, know that Weld Wheels has you covered. Professionals like Tony Stewart, John Force, Kenny Bernstein, Warren Johnson, and many more are just a few who relies on Weld Rims. If you want performance like the professionals, than you need to ride like the professionals.
Weld Wheels are the most elite wheels on the market. Made to endure strenuous conditions, these wheels are specialty designed for the competitor at heart. With a set of Weld Wheels, your vehicle will look like a professional. Weld Wheels offers a large line of both street and racing wheels, and allows you to perform at your optimum levels. Browse through our complete line of Weld Wheels and find the perfect set for your speed machine.
Choose Your Weld Wheels Style
Weld Wheels 788 Aluma Star Polished
Weld Wheels 791 Weld Star R/T Black
Weld Wheels 90 Draglite Polished
Weld Wheels 96 Pro Star Polished
Weld Wheels Articles and Reviews
Weld Racing Drivers Use the Six Wheel Series
Weld Racing Wheels: The Ultimate Pick for A Race Car
Weld Wheels - A Long History in Performance
Weld Rims
Creating excellent wheels is no different than winning a race; Weld Rims has a steadfast and zealous team of people who know how to plan, concoct and build wheels for racing and street performance applications.
Most people think that wheels are made the same way and that’s far from the truth. Weld Wheels has carefully calculated weight and many other engineering principals to bring customers the fastest, strongest, truest and most durable wheel for the intentions of racing. Weld Wheels has perfectly balanced weight and strength which makes them the best wheels for racing. Feel the difference in performance, acceleration, braking, cornering and much more with Weld Wheels.
YouTube
4 Wheel Online
22.6K subscribers
Subscribe
Shop the Largest Selection of Leading Brand Wheels at 4WheelOnline.com!
Watch later
Copy link
Info
Shopping
Tap to unmute
If playback doesn't begin shortly, try restarting your device.
More videos
More videos
You're signed out
Videos you watch may be added to the TV's watch history and influence TV recommendations. To avoid this, cancel and sign in to YouTube on your computer.
Cancel
Confirm
Switch camera
Share
Include playlist
An error occurred while retrieving sharing information. Please try again later.
Watch on
0:00
0:00
0:00 / 0:31
Live
•
Weld Wheels Gallery
| msmarco_doc_00_27119833 |
http://4wheelonline.com/all-terrain-tires.259586 | All Terrain Tires - On Sale Now | 4WheelOnline.com | All Terrain Tires
All Terrain Tires
All Terrain Tires
| All Terrain Tires - On Sale Now | 4WheelOnline.com
All Terrain Tires
All Terrain Tires
All Terrain Tires are ON SALE and Ship Free! All Terrain Tires feature versatile performance on or off the road. This selection of tires will give your vehicle good traction on any road and weather condition. We offer All Terrain Tires at the lowest prices on the internet. We have sizes ranging from 31 inch tires, 33 inch tires, 35 inch tires, 37 inch tires and even larger tires. With such a large selection to choose from, we are more than confident that you'll find the truck tires you need. Our staff is ready to help you with your purchase. Call us at (813) 769-2451
WHEEL & NITTO TIRE KIT PROMO - Save $400
FREE Mounting, FREE Balancing, FREE Install Kit & FREE Shipping
Order 4 or More Nitto Tires with a Set of Wheels - Use Promo Code MOUNT in cart
1 to 24 of 86 Results SHOW:
24 48 96
SORT BY:
Recommended Best Ratings Price Low to High Price High to Low
Pages 1 2 3 4
Fury Off Road Country Hunter R/T Tires
FROM: $203.00
Fuel Offroad Gripper X/T Tires
FROM: $321.00
Cooper Discoverer A/T3 4S Tires
FROM: $129.42
Cooper Discoverer A/T3 LT Tires
FROM: $182.99
Cooper Discoverer A/T3 XLT Tires
FROM: $180.99
Dick Cepek Trail Country EXP Tires
FROM: $151.99
General Grabber A/TX Tires
FROM: $125.10
Hankook Dynapro AT2 RF11 Tires
FROM: $135.30
Pirelli Scorpion All Terrain Plus Tires
FROM: $159.32
Pirelli Scorpion Verde All Season Plus II Tires
FROM: $159.31
Pirelli Scorpion Zero All Season Tires
FROM: $193.25
Pirelli Scorpion Zero Asimmetrico Tires
FROM: $320.19
Toyo Open Country A26 Tires
FROM: $186.35
Toyo Open Country A38 Tires
FROM: $155.29
Toyo Open Country A39 Tires
FROM: $226.85
Toyo Open Country H/T II Tires
FROM: $124.15
Toyo Proxes Sport SUV Tires
FROM: $220.22
Toyo Proxes Sport Tires
FROM: $114.95
Toyo Proxes TS Tires
FROM: $221.77
Toyo TYA36 Tires
FROM: $148.30
Uniroyal Tiger Paw GTZ A/S 2 Tires
FROM: $102.80
Uniroyal Tiger Paw Touring A/S Tires
FROM: $71.44
TrXuS STS Radial Tires
(2)
FROM: $181.10
TrXuS STS Bias Tires
(1)
FROM: $274.18
Pages 1 2 3 4
| msmarco_doc_00_27123233 |
http://4wheelonline.com/atv/Silent_Rider.107385 | The Silent Rider ATV Slip-On - On Sale Now | 4WheelOnline.com | The Silent Rider ATV Slip-On
The Silent Rider ATV Slip-On | The Silent Rider ATV Slip-On - On Sale Now | 4WheelOnline.com
The Silent Rider ATV Slip-On
These ATV Accessories Are No Longer Available.
The Silent Rider (formerly known as "Benz Silent Rider") Quiet Mufflers and ATV Silencers are among the best of your choices of accessories to install on your ATV or UTV, especially if you're a hunter. With the Benz Silencer installed, noise levels are reduced significally without sacrificing power. Your friends will be astounded when they hear the difference that the ATV Silencer makes. Benz ATV Silencers are recommend for anyone looking for a quiet ride. Benz Silent Rider Exhaust, is far superior to any other STEALTH MUFFLER on the market. With the Benz ATV Silencer installed, you will have the quietest ATV on the block.
Guaranteed the best manufacturing warranty on the market.
Easiest ATV silencer to install.
There are no products available for your selected application. Please clear the filter or choose a new application.
All silencers are custom designed to fit the individual unit, with heat shield & turndown pipe. They mount very sturdy without any rattling or loose components.
Honda Rancher / Foreman
Yamaha Kodiak 400 (00-02)
Suzuki King Quad 250/300
800 Can Am Bombardier
The Silent Rider (formerly known as "Benz Silent Rider") ATV Silencer fits most 4-stroke ATV's engine to quiet the exhaust noise by 60%. Benz Silent Rider guarantees its Benz System 100% without any engine loss of power or performance. Benz Silent Rider ATV exhaust silencers has been tested and used for over 7 years by game wardens, satisfied hunters, Military, Law enforcement etc..
The Benz is manufactured by a large exhaust company in North Carolina. It is made of 14 gauge aluminized steel. When it goes through production, the brackets and heat shield are positioned and welded into place. This makes a more compact looking unit. The Benz has a baffled with fiberglass packing providing the ultimate silencing. If the silencer uses an adapter, they are each pre-fitted to make sure of a tight fit, so no clamping will be necessary at the exhaust. The Benz carries a Patent for an Auxiliary silencer for All Terrain Vehicles.
| msmarco_doc_00_27125729 |
http://4wheelonline.com/fog-lights.248752 | Fog Lights - FREE SHIPPING - 4WheelOnline.Com | Fog Lights
Fog Lights
Fog Lights are ON SALE with FREE SHIPPING!
| Fog Lights - FREE SHIPPING - 4WheelOnline.Com
Fog Lights
Fog Lights are ON SALE with FREE SHIPPING!
Fog lights can provide you with additional lighting when you are driving at night or in foggy conditions. If you live in low lying areas, in a valley, or even on a mountain, make sure you have a set of fog lamps on as most of these areas are susceptible to heavy fog. Most authentic fog lights are made with die-cast aluminum casing, which enables them to stand up to harsh weather conditions. These lights are normally built to last for a long time without developing any serious hitch. A genuine fog light must have the necessary features and functionalities. For instance, it should have powerful LEDs to ensure it doesn’t consume a lot of power. Its housing should be built from high grade compounds so that it can resist impact and any other damaging element. A reflector is always important because it helps to improve the overall style of the lamp, while enhancing the illumination. Check if your fog lights have the necessary mounting hardware and instructions for installation.
Rigid Industries
Get 5% Off!
Use Coupon Code:
RIGID5OFF
Recon
Get 5% Off!
Use Coupon Code:
RECON5OFF
1 to 24 of 115 Results SHOW:
24 48 96
SORT BY:
Recommended Best Ratings Price Low to High Price High to Low
Pages 1 2 3 4 5
PIAA 2100 SERIES XTreme White Plus
FROM: $219.95
PIAA 510 SERIES Ion Yellow & Super White
FROM: $219.95
PIAA 520 SERIES Ion Yellow
FROM: $234.95
PIAA 540 SERIES Fog & Driving
FROM: $219.95
KC HiLiTES
ShockMounted
FROM: $70.97
KC HiLiTES SlimLite
Fog
(1)
FROM: $20.74
KC HiLites 26 Series
Fog
FROM: $20.40
Hella FF 100 Series Lights
(2)
FROM: $20.74
Hella Rallye 4000 Fog Chrome Lights
FROM: $37.79
KC HiLiTES
Jeep Lights & Lighting Accessories
FROM: $46.48
KC HiLiTES Apollo DIY
Fog
(4)
FROM: $20.74
PIAA 2000 SERIES Plasma Ion Yellow Fog
FROM: $189.95
PIAA 2000 SERIES Xtreme White Plus Fog
(1)
FROM: $189.95
Hella FF 75 Fog Lamp Lights
FROM: $26.14
Hella 450 Fog Lamp Halogen
FROM: $37.79
Hella 500 Fog Lamps Halogen
FROM: $20.93
Hella 550 Fog Lamps Halogen
FROM: $20.93
Hella 450 Fog Amber Lamp
FROM: $37.79
Hella 550 Amber Fog Lamps Halogen
FROM: $20.93
Hella FF 50 Fog Lamps
FROM: $26.14
Hella FF 200 Fog Lamps
FROM: $29.05
Hella Jumbo FF 320 Fog Lamps
FROM: $18.80
Hella Micro FF Fog Lamps
FROM: $49.71
Delta Auxiliary 30x Series Lights
FROM: $234.45
Pages 1 2 3 4 5
| msmarco_doc_00_27128206 |
http://4wheelonline.com/goodyear-wrangler-tires.248525 | GoodYear Tires - 25% Off Plus Free Shipping - 4WheelOnline.C | GoodYear
Off Road, Mud and Truck Tires
GoodYear Off Road, Mud and Truck Tires
GoodYear Tires Now 25% Off Plus Free Shipping!
Price -
Brand -
Ratings -
Goodyear Tire Gallery
Goodyear Tires Video
| GoodYear Tires - 25% Off Plus Free Shipping - 4WheelOnline.C
GoodYear Off Road, Mud and Truck Tires
GoodYear Tires Now 25% Off Plus Free Shipping!
GoodYear Tires has been making tires for over 100 years. Since the early days, GoodYear has striven to make the perfect tire. Whether for work or play, GoodYear knows you have a lot riding on their tires. It doesn't matter if you have a car, truck, or SUV, GoodYear tires has you covered. Our staff is ready to help you with your purchase. Call us at (813) 769-2451.
Price -
Brand -
GoodYear
Ratings -
Not Yet Rated
1 to 24 of 0 Results SHOW:
24 48 96
SORT BY:
Recommended Best Ratings Price Low to High Price High to Low
Goodyear Tire Gallery
The requested content cannot be found
Goodyear Tires Video
| msmarco_doc_00_27131027 |
http://4wheelonline.com/lug-pattern-offset.226681.0 | What is Wheel Lug Pattern and Wheel Offset | What is Wheel Lug Pattern and Wheel Offset
What is Wheel Lug Pattern and Wheel Offset
Lug Patterns
Wheel Offset
| What is Wheel Lug Pattern and Wheel Offset
What is Wheel Lug Pattern and Wheel Offset
NASCAR crews are incredibly fast at changing a car’s wheels in the middle of a race. An entire race can be determined in the pit. With the pressure of a race's outcome, these crew members know the importance of a vehicle’s wheels. They have refined the dynamics of changing a tire, and one of the most important aspects of changing a tire so quickly is the lugs. These NASCAR crews keep their lugs glued in place so a quicker exchange can be made. When purchasing and changing the wheels of a vehicle, it is beneficial to have some of the knowledge that the NASCAR crew members have. Two of the most important aspects to be familiar with are the vehicle’s Lug Pattern and the vehicle’s Offset.
Ex. 1: For even numbers, make sure to measure from the center of one hole to the center of its counterpart
Lug Patterns
In order to choose new wheels for a truck or car, the bolt pattern will be the first thing needed.
Bolt patterns appear in a series of numbers that look like 4x100 or 5x114.3. As you can see, there are two numbers needed to complete this equation. The first number represents the amount of lugs on your wheel. Today, lug patterns have 4,5,6,7, or 8 holes and some may even use studs. So, if your wheel has 5 lugs, the first number will be a 5. It’s as simple as that.
The second number describes the diameter between those lugs. These numbers are most often recorded in
Ex. 2: For odd numbers, make sure to measure from outside of one hole to the middle of its counterpart
millimeters.
For a wheel with an even amount of lugs (say 4 or 6), just measure the distance between the middle of any one lug to the middle of the lug located directly across from it (Ex. 1).
For a wheel with an odd number of lugs, measuring the distance from the edge of one lug to the center of the lug directly across from it will give the diameter (Ex. 2). After determining the amount of lugs and the diameter between them, you will have a better idea of which wheels to buy for your truck or car.
Wheel Offset
Wheel Offset is another important aspect to keep in mind when looking for new wheels. The Wheel Offset indicates how the wheel sits in relation to the car’s suspension and body components.
If a wheel has a mounting area measurement of zero, then the mounting area and spokes are located in the center of the wheel.
If the mounting surface moves inward from the center, than it moves into a negative offset. This is often found in muscle cars of the 60s and 70s. The wheels of these muscle cars often jut
The Shelby Cobra GT500 is an American 60s muscle car. The wheels of this car are located slightly outside of the car’s body and is a perfect example of the deep dish style
out more from the vehicle’s body. This is because the mounting area and spokes were deeper in the wheel, also known as a “deep dish” style. Negative offsets are also common with trucks and cars that are being lifted because the owner can place a larger tire.
Today however, most mounting areas that hold the spokes are located on the edge of the wheel, which moves the wheel closer to the body and leads to better handling. This is known as a positive offset. The further the mounting area moves outward from the center of the wheel, the more the measurement will move away from zero. So, if you want a tighter fit look for a higher offset number.
The vehicle and the tires you plan to use will also play a key factor in the offset you will be looking for. To find out a vehicle’s original wheel size, just look on the inside of the door jamb or in the glove box to find the factory’s original measurements. With a little bit of math, you can figure what, if any, adjustments to can make for modifications, but staying with the original sizes is always a safer bet.
4wheelonline offers a wide range of wheels so make sure to know the vehicle’s lug pattern and offset measurements before shopping. The better an idea you have about what you want will only help us help you. If you have any further questions, check out our website 4WheelOnline Truck Accessories .
By: Tim Snyder Google
Posted on May 7th, 2013
There are no products available for your selected application. Please clear the filter or choose a new application.
| msmarco_doc_00_27132276 |
http://4wheelonline.com/method-race-wheels.226641 | Truck Wheels | Method Race
Truck Wheels
Method Race Truck Wheels
Truck Rims
| Truck Wheels
☰ MENU
MY GARAGE
+ Add Vehicle
813-769-2451
Monday - Friday:
9:00am - 6:00pm EST
813-769-2451
HELP
My Account
Shipping
Tracking
Refunds/Returns
Warranty
Site Policy
About Us
Contact Us
CART
View Cart
Checkout
×
search
Login
Existing Account:
For returning customers, please enter your email and password to log in to your account.
Forgot Password?
Logging-in please wait...
Select Vehicle:
Optional:
Extended:
Note: Due to the number of combinations, this feature will not apply to wheel and tire fitments.
Truck Accessories
Wheel and Tire Packages
Truck Wheels
Method Race
Change Vehicle
Method Race Truck Wheels
Truck Rims
Our choices of truck wheels are the most sought-after brands. We have a wide range of sizes, bolt patterns, and finishes that can fulfill your vision. With the best off-road wheels, in black, chrome, and many more colors and finishes. Make sure your truck stands out from the crowd. We are here to help you. Call us at (813) 769-2451.
Check Out Our *NEW* Wheel and Tire Package Configurator Choose Your Wheels - Choose Your Tires - Easy-to-Use!
Find Your Bolt Pattern Here! Wheel Accessories - Shop Now!
Bolt Pattern Tool
Bolt Pattern Tool Enter Your Vehicle Year Make and Model Below
Select Year
Select Make
Select Model
1 to 24 of 63 Results SHOW:
24 48 96
SORT BY:
Recommended Best Ratings Price Low to High Price High to Low
Pages 1 2 3
Method Race MR301 The Standard Black Wheels
(1)
FROM: $182.30
Method Race MR304 Double Standard Black Wheels
FROM: $199.29
Method Race MR305 NV Black Wheels
(2)
FROM: $239.80
Method Race MR301 The Standard Machined Wheels
(5)
FROM: $182.30
Method Race MR306 Mesh Matte Black Wheels
FROM: $262.02
Method Race MR307 Hole Matte Black Wheels
(4)
FROM: $277.70
Method Race MR308 Roost Bronze Wheels
FROM: $262.02
Method Race MR308 Roost Matte Black Wheels
(2)
FROM: $262.02
Method Race MR305 NV HD Matte Black Wheels
FROM: $326.05
Method Race MR309 Grid Matte Black Wheels
FROM: $277.70
Method Race MR305 NV Bronze/Black Street Loc Wheels
FROM: $255.48
Method Race MR101 Beadlock Machined Wheels
FROM: $415.45
Method Race MR309 Grid Titanium/Black Street Loc Wheels
FROM: $277.70
Method Race MR310 Con6 Matte Black Wheels
FROM: $286.85
Method Race MR310 Con6 Bronze/Black Street Loc Wheels
FROM: $303.84
Method Race MR311 Vex Matte Black Wheels
FROM: $281.62
Method Race MR501 VT-SPEC Matte Black Wheels
FROM: $225.43
Method Race MR501 Rally Titanium Wheels
FROM: $277.70
Method Race MR501 Rally Bronze Wheels
FROM: $277.70
Method Race MR605 NV Bronze Wheels
FROM: $376.92
Method Race MR605 NV Matte Black Wheels
FROM: $355.32
Method Race MR610 Con 6 Matte Black Wheels
FROM: $315.27
Method Race MR305 NV HD Matte Black Machined Face Wheels
FROM: $239.80
Method Race MR103 Beadlock Raw Machined Wheels
FROM: $457.46
Pages 1 2 3
Trucks / SUV
Exterior Accessories
Exterior Accessories Shop All »
Parts & Accessories Air Compressors Air Horns Batteries & Chargers Body Protection Locks & Security Skid Plates Sport Cameras Trim Pieces and Accents Truck Bed Rails Valance Add-Ons - Front Air Dams Wheel Accessories Shop More »
Exterior Styling Air Dams Billet Grilles Bumper Covers Pocket Fenders Roll Pans SUV Spoilers Truck Bed Spoilers Shop More »
Mud Flaps Access Go Industries Owens Mud Flaps Plasticolor Mud Flaps Putco RBP Rolling Big Power Rock Tamers Dually Mud Flaps Auto Emblem Shop More »
Grille Inserts Aries Automotive Go Industries Good Hood GrillCraft Kelderman Putco Rampage RBP Rigid Industries Smittybilt T-Rex Shop More »
Interior Accessories
Interior Accessories Shop All »
Floor Protection Floor Mats & Liners Door Sill Protectors Jeep Floor Boards Shop More » Steering Wheels Security System Installation Kits Horn Buttons Shop More »
Interior Accessories Coolers / Drink Holders Grab Handles Shop More » Storage & Organization Emergency Storage Fuel Storage Underseat Storage Portable Fridge/Freezers Truck Bed Organization Shop More »
Automotive Gauges Gauge Faces Exotic Gauges Gauge Kits Shop More »
Bumpers, Grille Guards & Bull Bars
Bumpers, Grille Guards & Bull Bars
Bumpers Addictive Desert Designs ARB Fab Fours Go Rhino N-FAB Smittybilt Tough Country Westin Shop More »
Grille Guards Aries Automotive Factory Outlet Go Industries Go Rhino Onki Tough Country Warn Westin Automotive Shop More »
Bull Bars ARB Aries Factory Outlet Go Industries Go Rhino Smittybilt Westin Shop More »
Bug Shields & Visors
Bug Shields & Visors
Spoilers & Diffusers Akrapovic Good Hood Vorsteiner Shop More »
Hood Shields & Bug Deflectors AVS Auto Ventshade Lund Truck Accessories Putco Stampede Truck Accessories Westin Automotive Shop More »
Vent Visors AVS Auto Ventshade Factory Outlet Lund Truck Accessories Premium Accessories Putco Stampede Truck Accessories Westin Automotive Shop More »
Cargo Management
Cargo Management Shop All »
Bed Cargo Management Bed Slide SlideZilla BedXtender Access Lund Shop More »
Roof Racks ARB Lund ProRac Smittybilt Warrior Products Shop More »
Cargo Carriers Lund Smittybilt Surco Warrior Products Shop More »
Drivetrain, Differentials & Brakes
Drivetrain, Differentials & Brakes
Axle Components Axle Shafts Differential Covers Differentials Rings & Pinions Install & Overhaul Kits Locking Hubs Shop More »
Brakes Banks Power Crown Automotive Baer SSBC Shop More »
Fender Flares
Fender Flares Shop All »
Bolt Style Fender Flares Bushwacker Bolt Style Prestige RX Rivet G2 Pocket-N-Bolt Shop More » OEM Fender Flares Prestige SX OEM Premium OEM G2 OEM Shop More »
Wide Style Fender Flares Bushwacker Extend-a-Fender TruEdge Extendz - Painted Shop More » Lighted Fender Flares Premium Textured Pocket-n-Bolt Premium Smooth Pocket-n-Bolt Premium Textured Round Premium Smooth Round Shop More »
Street Style Fender Flares G2 Street TruEdge Street Shop More » Brands Aries Automotive Bushwacker G2 Poison Spyder Prestige Rampage Smittybilt Superlift TrueEdge Warn
Headache Racks
Headache Racks Shop All »
Headache Racks Aries B&W BackRack Fab Fours Go Industries Premium Westin Shop More »
Sale!
On Sale! Aries BackRack Premium Shop More »
Lighting & LEDs
Lighting, LEDs & Accessories Shop All »
Headlights KC HiLiTes Oracle Delta Lights Recon Lights Rigid industries Shop More » Electrical Components Controllers / Remotes / Dimmers Relays Shop More »
Light Bars KC HiLiTes PIAA Lights Rigid Industries Shop More » Emergency & Work Lights JW Speaker Truck-Lite KC HiLites Westin Shop More »
Interior Lights Delta Recon Truck-Lite Shop More » Truck Bed Lights Access Recon Shop More »
Nerf Bars & Running Boards
Nerf Bars & Running Boards Shop All »
Power Running Boards AMP Research Bestop Powerboard NX Bestop Powerboard Shop More » Running Boards Premium Romik Westin Shop More »
Side Steps AMP Research Go Rhino RBP Shop More » Hitch Steps Go Rhino Lund Romik Shop More »
Nerf Bars Round Nerf Bars Oval Nerf Bars Wheel-2-Wheel Nerf Bars Running Boards Powered Running Boards Step Nerf Bars Truck Steps Hitch Steps Shop More »
Performance & Diesel
Performance & Diesel Parts
Air Intakes & Filters AFE Stage 1 AFE Stage 2 Volant RBP Takeda Shop More » Batteries Chargers & Tenders Jump Starters Battery / Charger Components
Performance Exhausts Dynomax MagnaFlow RBP MBRP Borla Gibson Flowmaster Shop More » Diesel Exhaust Banks Power MBRP MagnaFlow
Performance Electronics Diablosport Hypertech Edge Jet Superchips AFE Scorcher Shop More »
Diesel Performance Airdog Banks Power Tuners Banks Power Exhaust Magnaflow FASS MBRP Shop More » Boosters Nitrous Oxide Systems Turbos
Suspensions & Shocks
Suspensions & Shocks
Suspension Lift Kits Pro Comp Fabtech Rancho Skyjacker Tuff Country Shop More » Lowering Kits Ground Force Traxda Shop More »
Leveling Kits Front Leveling Rear Leveling Lift Blocks & U-Bolts Shop More » Body Lift Kits Daystar JKS Manufacturing Skyjacker Warrior Products Shop More »
Truck Shocks Bilstein Daystar Fabtech FOX Shocks JKS Manufacturing King Shocks Pro Comp Rancho ReadyLift Rock Krawler Rubicon Express Skyjacker Superlift Tuff Country Shop More Brands »
Tonneau Covers
Tonneau Covers Shop All »
Folding Tonneau Covers Extang Trifecta UnderCover Flex Premium Tonno Pro Shop More » Retractable Tonneau Covers Roll-N-Lock Retrax Truck Covers USA Shop More »
Hard Tonneau Covers Premium Tonno Pro Torza Hard Hat Undercover Flex Shop More » Heavy Duty Tonneau Covers Diamondback Retrax Roll-N-Lock Shop More »
Roll Up Tonneau Covers Premium Tonno Pro Access Bestop EZ Shop More » Brands Extang Undercover BAKFlip Access Lund Roll N Lock TruXedo TonnoPro
Truck Bed & Accessories
Truck Bed & Accessories Shop All »
Bed Management Cargo Bars UnderCover Swing Case Shop More » Bed Mats & Liners Al's Liner BedRug Bed Mats BedRug Bed Liner Access Bed Mats Shop More »
Bed Rail Caps Bushwacker Shop More » Bed Rails Black Chrome Stainless Steel Shop More »
Tailgates & Accessories Tailgates Tailgate Liners Truck Bed Lights Shop More » Truck Bed Super Top
Truck Utility Racks Adarac ARB Go Rhino Smittybilt Contractor Smittybilt Defender TracRac Shop More »
Wheels & Tires
Wheels & Tires
Wheel and Tire Packages Check Out Our NEW Easy-to-Use Wheel and Tire Package Configurator.
Get Free Mounting, Free Balancing and a Free Install Kit - All with Free Shipping! Try It Now! »
All Wheels Jeep Wheels Car Wheels SUV Wheels Truck Wheels Dually Wheels Shop More »
Truck Tires Dick Cepek Falken Mickey Thompson Nitto Super Swamper Toyo Shop More »
Winches, Recovery & Plows
Winches, Recovery & Plows Shop All »
Winches 8,000lb Self Recovery Winches 9,000lb to 9,500lb Self Recovery Winches Heavy Duty Winches (10,000+ lbs.) Electric AC Winches Utility & Trailer Winches ATV Winches Shop More »
Winch Accessories Air Compressors Hi-Lift Jacks RotopaX Monster Hooks Winch Remote Controls Winch Fairleads Winch Snatch Blocks Winch Accessory Kits Shop More »
Winch Lines, Cables, Ropes Bubba Ropes Factor 55 Shock Straps Mile Marker Synthetic Mile Marker Replacement Smittybilt Synthetic Shop More »
Winch Brands DV8 Off-Road Mile Marker Premium Accessories Recon Lights Smittybilt Superwinch Warn Shop More »
Shop by Brand »
Shop by Brand
Use our quick and easy navigation below to find that product you're looking for! A - B - C D - E - F G - H - I J - K - L M - N - O - P Q - R - S T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z
Looking for a motorcycle or ATV brand? ATV Brands Motorcycle Brands
Other Sections
Truck and SUV
Towing
Jeep
ATV and UTV
SEE OUR PROMOTIONS!
View All Motorcycle Products
Dirt - Offroad
Street - Sport
Touring - Cruiser
Harley - V-Twin
Account Information
Promos & Specials
Truck Articles & Reviews
Privacy Policy
My Account
Customer Rides!
Returns
Warranty Info
Tracking Info
Price Quotes / Match
| msmarco_doc_00_27136987 |
http://4wheelonline.com/xd-rockstar-811-black-machined-wheel.247444.0 | XD Series XD811 Rockstar II Matte Black Machined Wheels | 4WheelOnline.com | XD Series XD811 Rockstar II Matte Black Machined Wheels
XD Series XD811 Rockstar II Matte Black Machined Wheels
Product Information
List Price:
Our Price:
Rating:
Part #:
Product Options
| XD Series XD811 Rockstar II Matte Black Machined Wheels | 4WheelOnline.com
XD Series XD811 Rockstar II Matte Black Machined Wheels
The requested content cannot be found
The XD Series XD811 Rockstar II wheels by KMC feature a unique five spoke design complemented with a matte black finish and machined accents. They are the newer edition of the 775 series. These wheels boldly display the XD Rockstar Logo Center Cap. The XD Series XD811 Rockstar II Matte Black Machined wheel is a flashy wheel and looks great on any vehicle. Available here in 17", 20" and 22" rim sizes.
Lowest Prices Online with deep discounts
Buy With Confidenceusing our secure online store
Expert Support service before and after sales
XD Series Wheels
Authorized Dealer
This product DOES NOT Fit Your
View Product That Fits
Change Vehicle
What do you drive? We will tell you if it fits.
Select Type...
Select Year...
Select Make...
Select Model...
Don't see your vehicle listed?
Select Extended Vehicle Information
Select Sub Model...
Product Information
List Price:
$188.36 - $481.37
Our Price:
$141.27 - $361.02
Free Shipping
Rating:
.0 ( 0 reviews)
Part #:
111292
UPC:
View available part numbers for this product line
Product Options
Select Finish - Color... Machined, Milled
Select Detailed Finish... Matte Black Machined
Select Size (in)... 17 20 22
Select Width (in)... 8 9 9.5
Select Bolt Pattern... 5 x 5 5 x 127 5 x 135 5 x 150 6 x 5.5 6 x 135 6 x 139.7
Select Offset (mm)... -12 10 30 35
Select Backspacing (in)... 4.53 4.89 6.18 6.63
Select Bore (mm)... 87.1 100.5 106.25 110.5
Select Cap... SC-198 SC-205
Finish - Color: Machined, Milled
Detailed Finish: Matte Black Machined
Select Product... 322-XD81122966535-XD811 Rockstar II 22x9.5, 6x135/6x5.5 (6x139.7), OS: 35, BS: 6.63, Bore: 100.5; Finish: Matte Black Machined 322-XD81129058530-XD811 Rockstar II 20x9, 5x150, OS: 30, BS: 6.18, Bore: 110.5; Finish: Matte Black Machined 322-XD81178043510-XD811 Rockstar II 17x8, 5x5 (5x127)/5x135, OS: 10, BS: 4.89, Bore: 87.1; Finish: Matte Black Machined 322-XD81178067510-XD811 Rockstar II 17x8, 6x135/6x5.5 (6x139.7), OS: 10, BS: 4.89, Bore: 106.25; Finish: Matte Black Machined 322-XD81179067512N-XD811 Rockstar II 17x9, 6x135/6x5.5 (6x139.7), OS: -12, BS: 4.53, Bore: 106.25; Finish: Matte Black Machined
Quantity:
Add to cart
Have a Question? Talk to an expert, we know our products. 1-813-769-2451
Details
Brand: KMC XD Series
Model: XD811 Rockstar II
Design: Five Spokes
Construction: One Piece Cast Aluminum
Finish: Matte Black with Machined Spokes and Lip
Available Sizes: 17", 20" and 22"
Leading Wheel Manufacturers (9)
KMC Wheels
KMC Wheels
Fuel Wheels
Fuel Wheels
Helo Wheels
Helo Wheels
Dropstars
Dropstars
Monster Wheels
Monster Wheels
HD Wheels
HD Wheels
American Racing Wheels
American Racing Wheels
Moto Metal Wheels
Moto Metal Wheels
Gear Wheels
Gear Wheels
XD - Favorite Wheel Models (9)
XD Series XD811 Rockstar II Matte Black Machined Wheels
XD Series XD811 Rockstar II Matte Black Machined Wheels
XD Series XD811 Rockstar II PVD w/ Matte Black Accent Wheels
XD Series XD811 Rockstar II PVD w/ Matte Black Accent Wheels
KMC XD811 Rockstar II Matte Black Wheels
KMC XD811 Rockstar II Matte Black Wheels
YouTube
4 Wheel Online
22.3K subscribers
Subscribe
XD811 Rockstar II Black Wheels
Info
Shopping
Tap to unmute
If playback doesn't begin shortly, try restarting your device.
You're signed out
Videos you watch may be added to the TV's watch history and influence TV recommendations. To avoid this, cancel and sign in to YouTube on your computer.
Cancel
Confirm
More videos
More videos
Switch camera
Share
Include playlist
An error occurred while retrieving sharing information. Please try again later.
Watch later
Share
Copy link
0:00
0:00
/
Live
•
KMC KM775 Rockstar Car Matte Black Wheels
KMC KM775 Rockstar Car Matte Black Wheels
KMC XD775 Rockstar Dually Matte Black Wheels
KMC XD775 Rockstar Dually Matte Black Wheels
KMC XD775 Rockstar Matte Black Wheels
KMC XD775 Rockstar Matte Black Wheels
KMC XD825 Buck 25 Gloss Black Milled Wheels
KMC XD825 Buck 25 Gloss Black Milled Wheels
KMC XD820 Grenade Satin Black Wheels
KMC XD820 Grenade Satin Black Wheels
KMC XD820 Grenade Satin Black Machined Wheels
KMC XD820 Grenade Satin Black Machined Wheels
| msmarco_doc_00_27148863 |
http://4willis.com/corian/ | High-Performance Porcelain Countertops - Corian® Endura™ |
Introducing Corian® Endura™ High-Performance Porcelain
Introducing Corian® Endura™ High-Performance Porcelain - Ultimate Durability.
Features & Benefits
Suitable for Outdoors
Scratch & Heat-Resistant
Non-Porous & Easy-to-Clean
Talk to a Willis team member today
| High-Performance Porcelain Countertops - Corian® Endura™
Introducing Corian® Endura™ High-Performance Porcelain
Pushing the boundaries of innovation, style, and ultimate durability. Suitable for commercial, residential, interior and exterior applications.
YouTube
Corian Design
3.65K subscribers
Subscribe
Introducing Corian® Endura™ High-Performance Porcelain - Ultimate Durability.
Watch later
Copy link
Info
Shopping
Tap to unmute
If playback doesn't begin shortly, try restarting your device.
You're signed out
Videos you watch may be added to the TV's watch history and influence TV recommendations. To avoid this, cancel and sign in to YouTube on your computer.
Cancel
Confirm
More videos
More videos
Switch camera
Share
Include playlist
An error occurred while retrieving sharing information. Please try again later.
Watch on
0:00
0:00
0:00 / 1:14
Live
•
Features & Benefits
Colors
Downloadables
Features & Benefits
Corian® Endura™ is a premium high-performance porcelain made from a recipe of natural minerals and cutting-edge technology. Compressed together under extreme pressure and then heated at high temperature in a similar way to how nature forges a diamond, this innovative material is a densely packed mass characterized by its durability and beauty. Unlock the potential of today’s cutting edge material – discover more below.
Suitable for Outdoors
The ultimate durability and UV-resistance of Corian Endura make it the perfect solution for outdoor applications that see light every day. The material is long-lasting and can stand up to all types of weather, hot or cold.
Scratch & Heat-Resistant
Corian Endura offers superior resistance to extreme heat, abrasions, scratches, and stains, allowing you to use the countertop to its full potential – without any worry.
Non-Porous & Easy-to-Clean
Corian Endura offers advanced hardness, is non-porous, and does not promote the growth of mold, bacteria or mildew. These features make the surface extremely hygienic and suitable for contact with food. It is also easy-to-clean using everyday cleaning methods.
Colors of Endura™
The Corian Endura color palette matches up effortlessly with a wide selection of design styles, from sleek modern interiors for the city to traditional settings suitable for the country living. Elaborated aesthetics of variegated marble or the patina of rusted metal open up a wealth of creative possibilities to ensure the Corian Endura countertop is always a standout feature in any commercial or residential application.
Customize without compromise.
Four color families make up the Corian® Endura™ color palette – monochromatic, marble, metal and cement – to completely customize your space.
View All Colors
Previous
Next
Downloadable Resources
Corian® Endura™ – Swatch Book
May 6, 2021
13.4 MB
Corian® Endura™ – Color Portfolio
Dec 10, 2020
4.4 MB
Corian® Endura™ Brochure
Sep 16, 2020
7.0 MB
Corian® Endura™ Commercial Leaflet
Sep 16, 2020
3.0 MB
Corian® Endura™ Residential Leaflet
Sep 16, 2020
3.0 MB
Corian® Endura™ – Kitchen Countertops
Dec 4, 2020
3.3 MB
Corian® Endura™ Interior Vertical Application
Sep 16, 2020
119.7 KB
Corian® Endura™ Care and Maintenance
Sep 16, 2020
113.2 KB
Corian® Endura™ – Greenguard Gold Certificate
Nov 12, 2020
288.9 KB
Corian® Endura™ – Greenguard Certificate
Nov 12, 2020
279.1 KB
Corian® Endura™ – Residential Warranty
Nov 12, 2020
125.0 KB
Corian® Endura™ – Material Properties
Jan 27, 2021
108.5 KB
Talk to a Willis team member today
Discover our wide range of surface material solutions with our sales team.
Send us a Message
or call us at 1-888-994-5547 | msmarco_doc_00_27153703 |
http://4willis.com/zodiaq/ | Distributor of Corian, Lapitec, Fenix, Arpa, Kohler design materials - Willis | Curated design materials for interior and exterior applications
Curated design materials for interior and exterior applications
Commercial Applications
Residential Applications
Technical Services
Partnerships mean everything to us
Just Launched – Monthly Podcast For Design Enthusiasts!
Corian® Quartz SPARQ program introduces three new aesthetics!
Enrich your next design with these unique colors – Arabesque Perla, Ethereal White and Calacatta Villa.
Recent News
Proud Sponsor of Modernism Week 2021
Willis is officially FSC Certified!
Talk to a Willis team member today
| Distributor of Corian, Lapitec, Fenix, Arpa, Kohler design materials - Willis
MENU MENU
Willis Logo
Curated design materials for interior and exterior applications
Explore Our Materials
Commercial Applications
Discover a segmented collection of design inspiration and material solutions utilizing our market-leading design materials
Residential Applications
Discover a collection of design inspiration and solutions that help create functional and alluring spaces throughout the home.
Technical Services
Find essential resources including fabrication manuals, technical bulletins, certificates, material information, training and more.
Partnerships mean everything to us
We’re proud to partner with these global, market-leading manufacturers.
Listen Now
Just Launched – Monthly Podcast For Design Enthusiasts!
More Than Materials with Dallas Gabriel, President at Willis, and John Topic, Director of Marketing, dives deep into the design world with special guests each episode.
Our podcast series features industry-leading innovators who take you beyond the surface. We explore material design trends and solutions, share exciting design ideas, inspiration, technical aspects, and so much more.
Corian® Quartz SPARQ program introduces three new aesthetics!
As part of this new program, which is the next evolution of the recent Maple Leaf Promotion, Corian ® Quartz reveals three new colors, accompanying four other well-known aesthetics.
Enrich your next design with these unique colors – Arabesque Perla, Ethereal White and Calacatta Villa.
To learn more, reach out to your local Willis Material Application Specialist today!
View Colors
Recent News
Find out what Willis is talking about
April 1, 2021
Proud Sponsor of Modernism Week 2021
Willis is proud to be a Premier Sponsor of Modernism Week 2021, together with Corian® Design and Lapitec®. Check out this year’s featured show homes… Tour H3K’s …
January 11, 2021
Willis is officially FSC Certified!
We’re starting the year off with some exciting news… Willis is now officially FSC-certified for our FENIX® and Arpa HPL materials! Now, what does that …
Talk to a Willis team member today
Discover our wide range of surface material solutions with our sales team.
Send us a Message
or call us at 1-888-994-5547 | msmarco_doc_00_27158119 |
http://4words-answers.com/ | 4 Words cheats, answers, solution :: 4 Words |
4 Words
Levels
Can't find the answer?
4 Words
Download 4 Words
Disclaimer
| 4 Words cheats, answers, solution :: 4 Words
4 Words
4 Words - Guess the Word Association is a very fun game for iPhone and Android where you must guess a word related to other 4 given clue words. Squeeze your brains and associate words with this fun word game!
Levels 1 to 10
Levels 11 to 20
Levels 21 to 30
Levels 31 to 40
Levels
Select level Levels 1 to 10 Levels 11 to 20 Levels 21 to 30 Levels 31 to 40
Can't find the answer?
Can't find here the answer you are searching for? Try out our Word Suggestor for 4 Words
4 Words
4words-answers.com - Hints, Cheats, Solutions, Strategies and Answers for 4 Words.
4 Words - Guess the Word Association is a very fun and addictive game where for each level you get 4 clue words and you must guess a fifth word, related to all of them. Each clue word can be associated to the answer in a unique way. They can be synonyms. They can be antonyms. They can be compound words. They just have to be related! And if you need help, this site offers you cheats and answers for many game levels. Browse this site to find any 4Word answer you may need, or use the search feature, searching for one or more of the given clue words.
Download 4 Words
Disclaimer
All intellectual property rights in and to 4 Words are owned by their author/publisher, including copyrighted images from the game itself.
4words-answers.com and AppAnswers.it are not affiliated with them in any way.
Privacy Policy | msmarco_doc_00_27161287 |
http://4x-dynamicautotrader.com/forex.asp | 4X-DAT - The Future of Forex Trading | 4X-DAT - The Future of Forex Trading
4X-DAT
Menu
Home
4X-DAT
Forex
Tutorials
Investors
Contact Us
{"error":true,"iframe":true} | msmarco_doc_00_27162970 | |
http://4x-trading.com/ | 4x-Trading | Most Powerful Crypto Revolution
Most Powerful Crypto Revolution
Easygo System
Best returns
Tuning Market
What is 4x-Trading?
Interactive and most advanced features.
Our Features
Private
Secure
Global
Instant
Low Fees
Peer To Peer
Business Plan
PLAN : A
Capping : $100
PLAN : B
Capping : $500
PLAN : C
Capping : $1,000
PLAN : D
Capping : $5,000
PLAN : E
Capping : $10,000
Over All Income
Level Income From Downline
GET IN TOUCH
East Madison St, Baltimore, MD,
1234567891
contact@4x-trading.com
Write To Us
Special Offer
| 4x-Trading
Customer Support
Registration Fee : $20
Previous Next
Most Powerful Crypto Revolution
Easygo System
The entire process is very friendly and made easy to use thing
Best returns
We promise the most satisfying returns and benefits on your efforts
Tuning Market
We help you go along with updating technologies and market ethics
What is 4x-Trading?
4x-Trading is the global leader in the Digital Asset Management (DAM) space, empowering the New tarding channel, a proven approach to generating digital assets to actionable knowledge that tarders need to accelerate resources and energize marketing program ROI.
Interactive and most advanced features.
4x-Trading Dashboard is a powerful, self-service analytics module that helps traders looking for an analytics solution to help them understand their panel. Dashboard enables tarders to Update , Buy , view records , Withdraw , Transfer , re-invest , learn and more of data by leveraging a catalogue of pre-built visualizations, which have been distilled over a decade of Secure Btc leadership in the Secure Bit world.
Read More
Our Features
Private
Keep your payments private so nobody can track
Secure
Advanced encryption and a 2-tier network for complete security.
Global
You can send money anywhere in the world
Instant
Payments are received instantly by the other party.
Low Fees
Much lower than banks or credit cards, almost free.
Peer To Peer
Uses a decentralized network, so no centralized third party is involved.
Business Plan
Registration Fee : $20
PLAN : A
$ 100
Capping : $100
Buy Now
PLAN : B
$ 500
Capping : $500
Buy Now
Most popular plan
PLAN : C
$ 1,000
Capping : $1,000
Buy Now
PLAN : D
$ 5,000
Capping : $5,000
Buy Now
PLAN : E
$ 10,000
Capping : $10,000
Buy Now
Over All Income
* Binary : 10%
* Direct : 10%
* Growth 10% to 15% Monthly for 20 Months
* Left and Right direct is compulsory for binary income
* Minimum Withdrawal is 10 USD
Level Income From Downline
Sr. No.
Level
Income
1.
1st
Level 5%
2.
2nd
Level 4%
3.
3rd
Level 3%
4.
4th
Level 2%
5.
5th
Level 1%
GET IN TOUCH
We Provide High Quality Services
East Madison St, Baltimore, MD,
USA
1234567891
Mon-Fri 8:30am-6:30pm
contact@4x-trading.com
24/7 online support
Write To Us
Special Offer
Top
× | msmarco_doc_00_27163278 |
http://4x4abc.com/4WD101/definition_part.html | What is part time 4WD? What is the difference to full time or all wheel drive? | What is part time 4WD? What is the difference to full time or all wheel drive?
Main mode is 2 wheel drive for everyday pavement use. Usually only rear wheels * are powered.
When needed (usually beyond pavement) 4WD can be engaged.
4WD is used part of the time.
When 4WD is engaged front wheels are powered as well - if the vehicle has manual hubs on the front wheels, they need to be locked first.
There are two different settings for 4WD - "high" and "low"
4WD "high", sometimes called high range, cannot be used on dry pavement with a "part time " system.
For extreme situations 4WD "low"is available, it cannot be used on dry pavement either.
4WD "low", also called low range, does not provide more traction,
however, it provides two to three times more torque at about half or a third of the speeds in high range.
* In some cases front wheels are powered instead
Part Time 4WD requires:
a transfer case
two drive shafts
two axle differentials
two powered axles
Part time 4WD has no center differential !
how to properly use part time 4WD
how to shift into 4WD
when to engage the hubs
Useless on pavement or high traction surfaces
full time 4WD - all wheel drive - automatic 4WD - combination systems
| 2WD use of traction | 4WD layouts | crawl ratio | 4WD components | do you need 4WD? |
Learn from professionals to get the most out of your 4WD:
2005 hands-on 4WD seminars | msmarco_doc_00_27166274 | |
http://4x4abc.com/4WD101/hubs.html | locking hubs - to lock or not to lock, how to use manual locking hubs | locking hubs - to lock or not to lock, how to use manual locking hubs
why 4WD?
4WD Glossary
larger tires ?
ten stupid things
all 4WD systems on one page
Expert 4WD seminars
differential locks
buddy system ?
contact me
© 1996-2010 Harald Pietschmann
When should you lock your hubs?
When should you unlock them?
Could you leave them locked?
Locking hub were invented to engage/disengage the front wheels from the front axle shafts. Idea was to keep parts that were not needed in 2WD mode from rotating in order to reduce mechanical drag and thus save gas.
Good idea but the savings are extremely minimal.
A proposed additional benefit of locking hubs is less wear and tear of front axle parts.
Lousy argument! Are they saying that your front axle components are not strong enough to constantly rotate like your rear axle, and need to be disconnected if not in use? Hmmmm...
An often overlooked draw back is that hubs stick out and can get damaged when off-road. Hub components are usually cast aluminum that break easily. A broken hub could leave you stranded in the back country.
So, what should you do?
I would recommend that you leave your locking hubs disconnected when there is no need for 4WD in sight. You'll achieve a quieter ride on pavement with less vibrations with hubs unlocked. Lock them as needed for 4WD operation (doesn't matter whether you lock them before you shift into 4WD or right after) and unlock them when going back to 2WD (again, doesn't matter whether you unlock them before shifting out of 4WD or right after). Leaving them locked while in 2WD will have no negative effects.
I would recommend you leave your hubs locked while in 2WD during bad weather seasons. This will allow you to shift in and out of 4WD whenever the need arises. Good news is that you will not need to stop for shifting into 4WD - with the locking hubs engaged the drive lines are synchronized. Leaving your hubs locked will cause no damage to your vehicle and will not influence it's handling.
However, driving with part time 4WD engaged (if you have hubs - you have part time 4WD) on dry sections of pavement you will not only create unsafe driving due to understeer - you may also cause expensive repairs due to "drive line bind".
By the way, locking hubs do not create more traction. They are not to be confused with differential locks!
I n 2WD with locking hubs disengaged rear drive shaft, rear differential and rear axle are rotating. Front tires are rolling along - only rear tires are pulling. Red lines indicate rotating parts.
In 2WD with locking hubs engaged front drive shaft, front diff and front axle, rear drive shaft, rear diff and rear axle are rotating. Front tires are rolling along (since connected to the axle, they make the front drive line parts rotate) - only rear tires are pulling.
In 4WD with hubs disengaged front drive shaft, front diff and front axle, rear drive shaft, rear diff and rear axle are rotating. Front tires are rolling along (the transfer case makes the front drive line parts rotate, but since the wheels are disconnected the power flow does not reach the tires) - rear tires are pulling.
In 4WD with hubs engaged front drive shaft, front diff and front axle, rear drive shaft, rear diff and rear axle are rotating. Front tires are pulling - rear tires are pulling. | msmarco_doc_00_27167925 | |
http://4x4abc.com/4WD101/who.html | 4WD History - Who invented four wheel drive? Which one is the first 4WD car? |
Who invented four wheel drive ?
Historians seem not certain who invented four wheel drive for cars. Somehow the history of 4WD is not well recorded. According to what I found on the internet, the first 4WD vehicle was designed by Ferdinand Porsche (yes, the founder of Porsche cars) for the Austrian truck manufacturer Jacob Lohner in 1900 (no typo).
The first vehicle in the history of 4WD had electric hub motors on each wheel - the engine powered a generator for power supply. Porsche was 25 years old when he designed the vehicle. By the way, NASA used the idea of electric wheel hub motors to put its lunar vehicle in motion
First mechanical 4WD (transfer case, drive shafts etc.) was built by the Dutch company Jacobus Spyker in 1902. Since the Lohner/Porsche four wheel drive has such an unusual status with its electric hub motors the Spyker is considered to be the world's first four wheel drive car.
more: spykercars.com 4WDonline.com
The world's first automaker, Daimler Benz has a solid place in 4WD history as well. Mercedes started building 4WD vehicles 1903 - some of them already with all wheel steering.
The first US four wheel drive vehicle, was built 1911 by the Four Wheel Drive auto company (FWD) . The company was formed by Zachow and Besserdich, and the latter was subsequently involved in forming a company that took its name from the town of Oshkosh and manufactured 4x4 trucks. FWD supplied 4x4 trucks to both the British and US armies during World War One
Some of the claims, having invented the first 4WD in history, are pretty hilarious.
Check them out!
Mercedes and BMW introduced really sophisticated four wheel drive vehicles in 1926
Mercedes G 5
BMW 4x4
Mercedes-Benz 4x4 history | 4WD History - Who invented four wheel drive? Which one is the first 4WD car?
Who invented four wheel drive ?
Historians seem not certain who invented four wheel drive for cars. Somehow the history of 4WD is not well recorded. According to what I found on the internet, the first 4WD vehicle was designed by Ferdinand Porsche (yes, the founder of Porsche cars) for the Austrian truck manufacturer Jacob Lohner in 1900 (no typo).
The first vehicle in the history of 4WD had electric hub motors on each wheel - the engine powered a generator for power supply. Porsche was 25 years old when he designed the vehicle. By the way, NASA used the idea of electric wheel hub motors to put its lunar vehicle in motion
First mechanical 4WD (transfer case, drive shafts etc.) was built by the Dutch company Jacobus Spyker in 1902. Since the Lohner/Porsche four wheel drive has such an unusual status with its electric hub motors the Spyker is considered to be the world's first four wheel drive car.
more: spykercars.com 4WDonline.com
The world's first automaker, Daimler Benz has a solid place in 4WD history as well. Mercedes started building 4WD vehicles 1903 - some of them already with all wheel steering.
The first US four wheel drive vehicle, was built 1911 by the Four Wheel Drive auto company (FWD) . The company was formed by Zachow and Besserdich, and the latter was subsequently involved in forming a company that took its name from the town of Oshkosh and manufactured 4x4 trucks. FWD supplied 4x4 trucks to both the British and US armies during World War One
Some of the claims, having invented the first 4WD in history, are pretty hilarious.
Check them out!
Mercedes and BMW introduced really sophisticated four wheel drive vehicles in 1926
Mercedes G 5
BMW 4x4
Mercedes-Benz 4x4 history | msmarco_doc_00_27171466 |
http://4x4abc.com/4WD101/whodiff.html | Who invented the differential ? Many are credited with the invention | Who invented the differential ? Many are credited with the invention
4WD glossary
who invented 4WD?
ten stupid things
4WD seminars
contact me
© 1997 - 2010 H. Pietschmann
Rumor has it, that Leonardo Davinci invented the differential. Was it really his invention?
Many more have been credited with the invention of the differential. Here is a selection of inventors:
The differential was first invented in China, in the third century, A.D.
(87BC) Differential assembly in the Antikythera
Mechanism.
(1810) Differential gear invented by German Rudolph Ackermann revolutionizes carriage steering.
1827 - modern automotive differential patented by French watchmaker Onésiphore Pecqueur (1792-1852) His differential gearing was conceived for a steam-powered machine.
1832 - Richard Roberts of England patents 'gear of compensation', a differential for road locomotives.
.. in the late1800's. A compulsive tinkerer, Mr. Worksman invented a differential gear for an early three-wheeled Harley-Davidson
motorcycle
James Starley (1830-1881), perfected the basic mechanism of the sewing machine (1850+), designed the traditional spoked bicycle wheel with solid rubber tyres (1870+), and invented a chain-drive differential gear in 1877.
1897 - first use of differential on an Australian steam car by David Shearer.
1913 - Packard introduces the spiral-gear differerential, which cuts gear noise.
1926 - Packard introduces the hypoid differerential, which enables the propeller shaft and its hump in the interior of the car to be lowered.
Most of all branches of engineering owe something to clock making; for example, the thermostat in a oven, the chain
drive of a dredger, and the differential gear in the back axle of a car. They were all fist invented for clockwork.
Best description so far on how a differential works can be found on Wikipedia | msmarco_doc_00_27175211 | |
http://4x4abc.com/jeep101/torque.html | Torque and horsepower - clarification and definition
torque and horsepower - definition and clarification
Torque and Horsepower - A Primer
From Bruce Augenstein, rba@augenstein.ultranet.com
There's been a certain amount of discussion, in this and other files, about the concepts of horsepower and torque, how they relate to each other, and how they apply in terms of automobile performance. I have observed that, although nearly everyone participating has a passion for automobiles, there is a huge variance in knowledge. It's clear that a bunch of folks have strong opinions (about this topic, and other things), but that has generally led to more heat than light, if you get my drift :-). I've posted a subset of this note in another string, but felt it deserved to be dealt with as a separate topic. This is meant to be a primer on the subject, which may lead to serious discussion that fleshes out this and other subtopics that will inevitably need to be addressed.
OK. Here's the deal, in moderately plain english.
Force, Work and Time
If you have a one pound weight bolted to the floor, and try to lift it with one pound of force (or 10, or 50 pounds), you will have applied force and exerted energy, but no work will have been done. If you unbolt the weight, and apply a force sufficient to lift the weight one foot, then one foot pound of work will have been done. If that event takes a minute to accomplish, then you will be doing work at the rate of one foot pound per minute. If it takes one second to accomplish the task, then work will be done at the rate of 60 foot pounds per minute, and so on.
In order to apply these measurements to automobiles and their performance (whether you're speaking of torque, horsepower, newton meters, watts, or any other terms), you need to address the three variables of force, work and time.
Awhile back, a gentleman by the name of Watt (the same gent who did all that neat stuff with steam engines) made some observations, and concluded that the average horse of the time could lift a 550 pound weight one foot in one second, thereby performing work at the rate of 550 foot pounds per second, or 33,000 foot pounds per minute, for an eight hour shift, more or less. He then published those observations, and stated that 33,000 foot pounds per minute of work was equivalent to the power of one horse, or, one horsepower.
Everybody else said OK.
For purposes of this discussion, we need to measure units of force from rotating objects such as crankshafts, so we'll use terms which define a *twisting* force, such as foot pounds of torque. A foot pound of torque is the twisting force necessary to support a one pound weight on a weightless horizontal bar, one foot from the fulcrum.
Now, it's important to understand that nobody on the planet ever actually measures horsepower from a running engine. What we actually measure (on a dynomometer) is torque, expressed in foot pounds (in the U.S.), and then we *calculate* actual horsepower by converting the twisting force of torque into the work units of horsepower.
Visualize that one pound weight we mentioned, one foot from the fulcrum on its weightless bar. If we rotate that weight for one full revolution against a one pound resistance, we have moved it a total of 6.2832 feet (Pi * a two foot circle), and, incidently, we have done 6.2832 foot pounds of work.
OK. Remember Watt? He said that 33,000 foot pounds of work per minute was equivalent to one horsepower. If we divide the 6.2832 foot pounds of work we've done per revolution of that weight into 33,000 foot pounds, we come up with the fact that one foot pound of torque at 5252 rpm is equal to 33,000 foot pounds per minute of work, and is the equivalent of one horsepower. If we only move that weight at the rate of 2626 rpm, it's the equivalent of 1/2 horsepower (16,500 foot pounds per minute), and so on. Therefore, the following formula applies for calculating horsepower from a torque measurement:
Torque * RPM
Horsepower = ------------------------------------------
5252
This is not a debatable item. It's the way it's done. Period.
The Case For Torque
Now, what does all this mean in carland?
First of all, from a driver's perspective, torque, to use the vernacular, RULES :-). Any given car, in any given gear, will accelerate at a rate that *exactly* matches its torque curve (allowing for increased air and rolling resistance as speeds climb). Another way of saying this is that a car will accelerate hardest at its torque peak in any given gear, and will not accelerate as hard below that peak, or above it. Torque is the only thing that a driver feels, and horsepower is just sort of an esoteric measurement in that context. 300 foot pounds of torque will accelerate you just as hard at 2000 rpm as it would if you were making that torque at 4000 rpm in the same gear, yet, per the formula, the horsepower would be *double* at 4000 rpm. Therefore, horsepower isn't particularly meaningful from a driver's perspective, and the two numbers only get friendly at 5252 rpm, where horsepower and torque always come out the same.
In contrast to a torque curve (and the matching pushback into your seat), horsepower rises rapidly with rpm, especially when torque values are also climbing. Horsepower will continue to climb, however, until well past the torque peak, and will continue to rise as engine speed climbs, until the torque curve really begins to plummet, faster than engine rpm is rising. However, as I said, horsepower has nothing to do with what a driver *feels*.
You don't believe all this?
Fine. Take your non turbo car (turbo lag muddles the results) to its torque peak in first gear, and punch it. Notice the belt in the back? Now take it to the power peak, and punch it. Notice that the belt in the back is a bit weaker? Fine. Can we go on, now?
The Case For Horsepower
OK. If torque is so all-fired important, why do we care about horsepower?
Because (to quote a friend), "It is better to make torque at high rpm than at low rpm, because you can take advantage of *gearing*.
For an extreme example of this, I'll leave carland for a moment, and describe a waterwheel I got to watch awhile ago. This was a pretty massive wheel (built a couple of hundred years ago), rotating lazily on a shaft which was connected to the works inside a flour mill. Working some things out from what the people in the mill said, I was able to determine that the wheel typically generated about 2600(!) foot pounds of torque. I had clocked its speed, and determined that it was rotating at about 12 rpm. If we hooked that wheel to, say, the drivewheels of a car, that car would go from zero to twelve rpm in a flash, and the waterwheel would hardly notice :-).
On the other hand, twelve rpm of the drivewheels is around one mph for the average car, and, in order to go faster, we'd need to gear it up. To get to 60 mph would require gearing the wheel up enough so that it would be effectively making a little over 43 foot pounds of torque at the output, which is not only a relatively small amount, it's less than what the average car would need in order to actually get to 60. Applying the conversion formula gives us the facts on this. Twelve times twenty six hundred, over five thousand two hundred fifty two gives us:
6 HP.
Oops. Now we see the rest of the story. While it's clearly true that the water wheel can exert a *bunch* of force, its *power* (ability to do work over time) is severely limited.
At The Dragstrip
OK. Back to carland, and some examples of how horsepower makes a major difference in how fast a car can accelerate, in spite of what torque on your backside tells you :-).
A very good example would be to compare the current LT1 Corvette with the last of the L98 Vettes, built in 1991. Figures as follows:
Engine Peak HP @ RPM Peak Torque @ RPM
L98 250 @ 4000 340 @ 3200
LT1 300 @ 5000 340 @ 3600
The cars are geared identically, and car weights are within a few pounds, so it's a good comparison.
First, each car will push you back in the seat (the fun factor) with the same authority - at least at or near peak torque in each gear. One will tend to *feel* about as fast as the other to the driver, but the LT1 will actually be significantly faster than the L98, even though it won't pull any harder. If we mess about with the formula, we can begin to discover exactly *why* the LT1 is faster. Here's another slice at that formula:
Horsepower * 5252
Torque = -----------------
RPM
If we plug some numbers in, we can see that the L98 is making 328 foot pounds of torque at its power peak (250 hp @ 4000), and we can infer that it cannot be making any more than 263 pound feet of torque at 5000 rpm, or it would be making more than 250 hp at that engine speed, and would be so rated. In actuality, the L98 is probably making no more than around 210 pound feet or so at 5000 rpm, and anybody who owns one would shift it at around 46-4700 rpm, because more torque is available at the drive wheels in the next gear at that point.
On the other hand, the LT1 is fairly happy making 315 pound feet at 5000 rpm, and is happy right up to its mid 5s redline.
So, in a drag race, the cars would launch more or less together. The L98 might have a slight advantage due to its peak torque occuring a little earlier in the rev range, but that is debatable, since the LT1 has a wider, flatter curve (again pretty much by definition, looking at the figures). From somewhere in the mid range and up, however, the LT1 would begin to pull away. Where the L98 has to shift to second (and throw away torque multiplication for speed), the LT1 still has around another 1000 rpm to go in first, and thus begins to widen its lead, more and more as the speeds climb. As long as the revs are high, the LT1, by definition, has an advantage.
Another example would be the LT1 against the ZR-1. Same deal, only in reverse. The ZR-1 actually pulls a little harder than the LT1, although its torque advantage is softened somewhat by its extra weight. The real advantage, however, is that the ZR-1 has another 1500 rpm in hand at the point where the LT1 has to shift.
There are numerous examples of this phenomenon. The Integra GS-R, for instance, is faster than the garden variety Integra, not because it pulls particularly harder (it doesn't), but because it pulls *longer*. It doesn't feel particularly faster, but it is.
A final example of this requires your imagination. Figure that we can tweak an LT1 engine so that it still makes peak torque of 340 foot pounds at 3600 rpm, but, instead of the curve dropping off to 315 pound feet at 5000, we extend the torque curve so much that it doesn't fall off to 315 pound feet until 15000 rpm. OK, so we'd need to have virtually all the moving parts made out of unobtanium :-), and some sort of turbocharging on demand that would make enough high-rpm boost to keep the curve from falling, but hey, bear with me.
If you raced a stock LT1 with this car, they would launch together, but, somewhere around the 60 foot point, the stocker would begin to fade, and would have to grab second gear shortly thereafter. Not long after that, you'd see in your mirror that the stocker has grabbed third, and not too long after that, it would get fourth, but you'd wouldn't be able to see that due to the distance between you as you crossed the line, *still in first gear*, and pulling like crazy.
I've got a computer simulation that models an LT1 Vette in a quarter mile pass, and it predicts a 13.38 second ET, at 104.5 mph. That's pretty close (actually a tiny bit conservative) to what a stock LT1 can do at 100% air density at a high traction drag strip, being powershifted. However, our modified car, while belting the driver in the back no harder than the stocker (at peak torque) does an 11.96, at 135.1 mph, all in first gear, of course. It doesn't pull any harder, but it sure as hell pulls longer :-). It's also making *900* hp, at 15,000 rpm.
Of course, folks who are knowledgeable about drag racing are now openly snickering, because they've read the preceeding paragraph, and it occurs to them that any self respecting car that can get to 135 mph in a quarter mile will just naturally be doing this in less than ten seconds. Of course that's true, but I remind these same folks that any self-respecting engine that propels a Vette into the nines is also making a whole bunch more than 340 foot pounds of torque.
That does bring up another point, though. Essentially, a more "real" Corvette running 135 mph in a quarter mile (maybe a mega big block) might be making 700-800 foot pounds of torque, and thus it would pull a whole bunch harder than my paper tiger would. It would need slicks and other modifications in order to turn that torque into forward motion, but it would also get from here to way over there a bunch quicker.
On the other hand, as long as we're making quarter mile passes with fantasy engines, if we put a 10.35:1 final-drive gear (3.45 is stock) in our fantasy LT1, with slicks and other chassis mods, we'd be in the nines just as easily as the big block would, and thus save face :-). The mechanical advantage of such a nonsensical rear gear would allow our combination to pull just as hard as the big block, plus we'd get to do all that gear banging and such that real racers do, and finish in fourth gear, as God intends.
The only modification to the preceeding paragraph would be the polar moments of inertia (flywheel effect) argument brought about by such a stiff rear gear, and that argument is outside of the scope of this already massive document. Another time, maybe, if you can stand it :-).
At The Bonneville Salt Flats
Looking at top speed, horsepower wins again, in the sense that making more torque at high rpm means you can use a stiffer gear for any given car speed, and thus have more effective torque *at the drive wheels*.
Finally, operating at the power peak means you are doing the absolute best you can at any given car speed, measuring torque at the drive wheels. I know I said that acceleration follows the torque curve in any given gear, but if you factor in gearing vs car speed, the power peak is *it*. An example, yet again, of the LT1 Vette will illustrate this. If you take it up to its torque peak (3600 rpm) in a gear, it will generate some level of torque (340 foot pounds times whatever overall gearing) at the drive wheels, which is the best it will do in that gear (meaning, that's where it is pulling hardest in that gear).
However, if you re-gear the car so it is operating at the power peak (5000 rpm) *at the same car speed*, it will deliver more torque to the drive wheels, because you'll need to gear it up by nearly 39% (5000/3600), while engine torque has only dropped by a little over 7% (315/340). You'll net a 29% gain in drive wheel torque at the power peak vs the torque peak, at a given car speed.
Any other rpm (other than the power peak) at a given car speed will net you a lower torque value at the drive wheels. This would be true of any car on the planet, so, theoretical "best" top speed will always occur when a given vehicle is operating at its power peak.
"Modernizing" The 18th Century
OK. For the final-final point (Really. I Promise.), what if we ditched that water wheel, and bolted an LT1 in its place? Now, no LT1 is going to be making over 2600 foot pounds of torque (except possibly for a single, glorious instant, running on nitromethane), but, assuming we needed 12 rpm for an input to the mill, we could run the LT1 at 5000 rpm (where it's making 315 foot pounds of torque), and gear it down to a 12 rpm output. Result? We'd have over *131,000* foot pounds of torque to play with. We could probably twist the whole flour mill around the input shaft, if we needed to :-).
The Only Thing You Really Need to Know
Repeat after me. "It is better to make torque at high rpm than at low rpm, because you can take advantage of *gearing*."
Thanks for your time.
Bruce
This article was originally published on the Corvette Forum
Ten stupid things men do to mess up their 4WD
More basic off-road driving tips coming soon
Topics so far:
tire safety
mudflaps
when to engage 4WD
where to mount chains
4WD glossary
who invented 4WD ?
most unique 4x4
future of 4WD?
easy trips
tough trips
4x4abc.com:: 4WD 101:: Jeep 101:: 4x4 Training:: SUV Trips
rubicon-trail.com:: baja101.com
JimRogers:: M-Class:: G-Class
contact
Copyright © 1996-2009Harald Pietschmann | msmarco_doc_00_27177280 | ||
http://4x4dakota.org/dodge-dakota-1987-1990-specs/ | Dodge Dakota- 1987-1990 specs | 4x4Dakota.org: Midsize Mopar 4 Wheel Drive | 1987-1990 Dodge Dakota Specifications
Dodge Dakota- 1987-1990 specs
1987-1990 Dodge Dakota Specifications
| Dodge Dakota- 1987-1990 specs | 4x4Dakota.org: Midsize Mopar 4 Wheel Drive
Dodge Dakota- 1987-1990 specs
Posted on August 20, 2012 by admin Leave a comment
1987-1990 Dodge Dakota Specifications
standard cab/short bed
Wheelbase: 111.9″
Track Width: 60.8″
Overall Length: 184.2″
Overall Width: 69.4″
Overall Height: 67.3″ (2WD), 68.5″ (4WD)
Bed Length: 6.5′
Maximum Ground Clearance:
Turning Circle:
Drag Coefficient:
Available Engines: 2.2L I-4, (’87-’88 2wd), 2.5L I4 (’89-up 2wd), 3.9L V6, 5.2L V8 (2wd Shelby conversions only)
Available Transmissions:
Available Transfer Cases:
Available Axle Ratios:
Fuel Capacity: 15 gallon, 22 gallon (optional)
Front Seat Head Room: 39.5″
Front Seat Leg Room: 41.8″
Front Seat Shoulder Room: 58.0″
Front Seat Hip Room: 56.0″
convertible cab/short bed
Wheelbase: 111.9″
Track Width: 60.8″
Overall Length: 184.2″
Overall Width: 69.4″
Overall Height: 67.3″ (2WD), 68.5″ (4WD)
Bed Length: 6.5′
Maximum Ground Clearance:
Turning Circle:
Drag Coefficient:
Available Engines: 2.2L I-4, (’87-’88 2wd), 2.5L I4 (’89-up 2wd only), 3.9L V6, 5.2L V8 (2wd Shelby conversions only)
Available Transmissions:
Available Transfer Cases:
Available Axle Ratios:
Fuel Capacity: 15 gallon, 22 gallon (optional)
Front Seat Head Room: 39.5″
Front Seat Leg Room: 41.8″
Front Seat Shoulder Room: 58.0″
Front Seat Hip Room: 56.0″
standard cab/long bed
Wheelbase: 123.9″
Track Width: 60.8″
Overall Length:
Overall Width: 69.4″
Overall Height: 67.3″ (2WD), 68.5″ (4WD)
Bed Length: 8.0′
Maximum Ground Clearance:
Turning Circle:
Drag Coefficient:
Available Engines: 2.2L I-4 (’87-’88 2wd), 2.5L I4 (’89-up 2wd), 3.9L V6
Available Transmissions:
Available Transfer Cases:
Available Axle Ratios:
Fuel Capacity: 15 gallon, 22 gallon (optional)
Front Seat Head Room: 39.5″
Front Seat Leg Room: 41.8″
Front Seat Shoulder Room: 58.0″
Front Seat Hip Room: 56.0″
extended cab/short bed
Wheelbase: 130.9″
Track Width: 60.8″
Overall Length:
Overall Width: 69.4″
Overall Height: 67.3″ (2WD), 68.5″ (4WD)
Bed Length: 6.5′
Maximum Ground Clearance:
Turning Circle:
Drag Coefficient: 0.391
Available Engines: 3.9L V6
Available Transmissions:
Available Transfer Cases:
Available Axle Ratios:
Fuel Capacity: 15 gallon, 22 gallon (optional)
Front Seat Head Room: 39.5″
Front Seat Leg Room: 41.8″
Front Seat Shoulder Room: 58.0″
Front Seat Hip Room: 56.0″
| msmarco_doc_00_27193939 |
http://4x4dakota.org/dodge-dakota-1997-2004-specs/ | Dodge Dakota- 1997-2004 specs | 4x4Dakota.org: Midsize Mopar 4 Wheel Drive | 1997-2004 Dodge Dakota specifications
Dodge Dakota- 1997-2004 specs
1997-2004 Dodge Dakota specifications
| Dodge Dakota- 1997-2004 specs | 4x4Dakota.org: Midsize Mopar 4 Wheel Drive
Dodge Dakota- 1997-2004 specs
Posted on August 20, 2012 by admin Leave a comment
1997-2004 Dodge Dakota specifications
standard cab/short bed
Wheelbase: 112.1″
Track Width: 61.9″
Overall Length: 196.0″
Overall Width: 71.6″”
Overall Height: 68.6″
Bed Length: 6.5′
Maximum Ground Clearance: 9.4″
Turning Circle: 35.8′
Drag Coefficient:
Available Engines: 3.7 liter Magnum V8, 3.9 liter Magnum V6, 4.7 liter Magnum V8, 5.2 liter Magnum V8
Available Transmissions: 5-speed manual, 4-speed automatic, 5-speed automatic
Available Transfer Cases:
Available Axle Ratios:
Fuel Capacity: 22.0 gallons
Front Seat Head Room: 40.0″
Front Seat Leg Room: 41.9″
Front Seat Shoulder Room: 57.2″
Front Seat Hip Room: 54.9″
standard cab/long bed (early 2wd only)
Wheelbase: 124.1″
Track Width: 61.9″
Overall Length: 196.0″
Overall Width: 71.6″
Overall Height: 68.6″
Bed Length: 8.0′
Maximum Ground Clearance: 9.3″
Turning Circle:
Drag Coefficient:
Available Engines: 3.9 liter Magnum V6, 5.2 liter Magnum V8
Available Transmissions: 5-speed manual, 4-speed automatic
Available Transfer Cases:
Available Axle Ratios:
Fuel Capacity: 22.0 gallons
Front Seat Head Room: 40.0″
Front Seat Leg Room: 41.9″
Front Seat Shoulder Room: 57.2″
Front Seat Hip Room: 54.9″
extended cab/short bed
Wheelbase: 123.9″”
Track Width: 60.8″
Overall Length: 196.0″
Overall Width: 69.4″
Overall Height:
Bed Length: 8.0′
Maximum Ground Clearance: 9.4″
Turning Circle: 41.2′
Drag Coefficient:
Available Engines: 3.7 liter Magnum V8, 3.9 liter Magnum V6, 4.7 liter Magnum V8, 5.2 liter Magnum V8
Available Transmissions: 5-speed manual, 4-speed automatic, 5-speed automatic
Available Transfer Cases:
Available Axle Ratios:
Fuel Capacity: 22.0 gallons
Front Seat Head Room: 40.0″
Front Seat Leg Room: 41.9″
Front Seat Shoulder Room: 57.2″
Front Seat Hip Room: 54.9″
quad cab/short bed
Wheelbase: 131.1″
Track Width: 60.8″
Overall Length: 208.1″
Overall Width: 69.4″
Overall Height:
Bed Length: 5.5′
Maximum Ground Clearance: 9.4″
Turning Circle: 41.2′
Drag Coefficient:
Available Engines: 4.7 liter Magnum V8, 5.2 liter Magnum V8, 5.9 liter Magnum V8
Available Transmissions: 5-speed manual, 4-speed automatic, 5-speed automatic
Available Transfer Cases:
Available Axle Ratios:
Fuel Capacity: 22.0 gallons
Front Seat Head Room: 39.6″
Front Seat Leg Room: 41.9″
Front Seat Shoulder Room: 57.2″
Front Seat Hip Room: 54.9″
| msmarco_doc_00_27196946 |
http://4x4wire.com/entry/toyota-tech-pickup-and-4runner-model-year-specifications | 4x4Wire - Toyota Tech: Pickup and 4Runner Model Year Specifications | Toyota Tech: Pickup and 4Runner Model Year Specifications
Toyota Tech: Pickup and 4Runner Model Year Specifications | 4x4Wire - Toyota Tech: Pickup and 4Runner Model Year Specifications
Font size: + –
Subscribe to this blog post
Unsubscribe
Print
13 minutes reading time (2699 words)
Toyota Tech: Pickup and 4Runner Model Year Specifications
Toyota Maintenance
John Stewart
Thursday, 03 December 2009
16446 Hits
Toyota Tech: Pickup and 4Runner Model Year Specifications
Http://www.4x4Wire.com/toyota/faq
Short Cuts
| Toyota Section | Toyota Tech | Maintenance Section |
Below are the basic features and options for Toyota pickups and 4Runners for each model year. This is a living document that is meant to be all inclusive, but certainly there are details that have been missed. If you have information that you wish to have added to this document, please email Harry Wagner. Contributions of pictures listed as "Coming Soon" are appreciated, as they are needed to complete this document. Further information can be found listed by part or by VIN.
1979 Toyota Hilux Pickup
1979 Shortbed Hilux Pickup. 1st generation
The Hilux pickup was first offered in a factory 4wheel drive configuration in 1979. This pickup featured a 20R 2.2L 4 cylinder motor backed by a L43 4-speed transmission and a RF1A gear driven 21 spline transfer case with the shifter on the top of the transfer case. Driveshafts were attached to the transfer case and pinion flanges with 8 mm bolts. Leaf springs and solid axles geared with 4.10 gears could be found at each end of the truck, the front controlled by a push-pull steering configuration. Both front and rear axles featured 8" ring gears and 1 5/16", 30 spline axle shafts. The two configurations offered were a shortbed with a 103" wheelbase and a longbed with a 109" wheelbase. These trucks can be identified by their round headlights and bench seat.
1980 Toyota Hilux Pickup
The only notable difference from the 1979 model is the use of 4.37 gears standard instead of 4.10s and the addition of a small gusset on the front axle housing.
1981 Toyota Hilux Pickup
1981 Trekker.
1981 saw the first major changes in the Hilux model. A 2.4L 22R motor replaced the previous 20R and could be found connected to a L45 4-speed or a L50 5-speed. Both transmissions contained "top" shifters for the RF1A 21 spline gear driven transfer case. The standard gear ratio used in 1981 was 3.90 and the front end received a new grill and square headlights in place of the previous round lights. 1981 saw the introduction of Trekkers made by Winnebago and Trailblazers by Griffith. These were the predecessors to the 4Runner.
1982 Toyota Hilux Pickup
Few changes were made to the Hilux for the '82 model year. The only significant difference was the return to 4.10 gears.
1983 Toyota Hilux Pickup
1983 Longbed Hilux Pickup.
1983 marked the last year for the first generation Hilux pickup. A L52 5-speed transmission was the only option behind the carbureted 22R engine and in front of the RF1A "top" shifting 21 spline gear driven transfer case. Luxuries such as bucket seats, air conditioning, power steering, and power brakes were first offered this year. Otherwise, technical features remained unchanged from the previous model year.
1984 Toyota Pickup & 4Runner
1984 4Runner. 1st generation 1984 pickup. 2nd generation
1984 brought a new body style for pickups and the introduction of the Xtra Cab and 4Runner. The shortbed pickup and 4Runner both had 103" wheelbases, while the Xtra Cab and longbed pickups had 112" wheelbases. The 2.4L 22R motor carries over from the previous model, but now contains plastic timing chain guides. The motor was backed by a G52 transmission mated to the familiar RF1A 21 spline, gear driven transfer case with a "forward" shifter. The front axle received additional trussing in 1984 and the driveshaft flange bolts were increased from the previous 8 mm to 10 mm, otherwise the axles and suspension remained unchanged. New options included a clinometer/altimeter in the dash as well as a rear heater on the 4Runner.
1985 Toyota Pickup
1985 Xtra Cab Pickup.
Electronic fuel injection was first offered as an option on 1985 models. A multitude of transmissions were first available in '85, including the existing G52 behind the 22R motor. The 22RE came backed with a W56 5 speed manual or A340F 4 speed automatic transmission. Trucks and 4Runners equipped with a manual transmission contained 4.10 gears, while automatic rigs typically came with 4.30s. Another difference between the auto and manuals were the transfer cases; manuals came with "top" shifting RF1A gear driven transfer cases while automatics came with VF2A chain driven transfer cases. 1985 was the last year for a front solid axle with leaf springs and push-pull steering. Automatic locking front hubs came standard on SR5 Xtra Cab model only.
1986 Toyota Pickup & 4Runner
1986 Shortbed Pickup.
More new innovations were available from Toyota in 1986. The solid front axle gave way to a new independent front suspension (IFS) utilizing torsion bars and a-arms. This new suspension housed a differential with a 7.5" ring gear and 1 1/8", 27 spline axle shafts. A turbocharged 22RE was added to the available 22R and 22RE to compete with Nissan's new V6 powered pickup. The 22RTE was available with an R151F 5 speed manual transmission in the pickups only, or a 4 speed automatic A340H as an option in pickups and standard in 4Runners. The R151F came backed with a RF1A gear driven transfer case equipped with a 23 spline output shaft instead of the standard 21 spline shaft. This transfer case utilized a "forward" shifter in models with bench seats, while pickups equipped with buckets had a top shifting transfer case. 22R motors once again came backed by G52 or G54 5 speed manuals and "forward" shift RF1A gear driven transfer case. The 22RE was available with either a W56 5 speed manual and top shifting RF1A 21 spline gear driven transfer case or a A340F 4 speed automatic tranmission with a VF2A chain drive transfer case. Other mechanical changes for 1986 were optional automatic hubs and a standard 3" wider 8" solid rear axle with larger (10") drum brakes and axle tubes. The automatic used with models equipped with automatic hubs was the A340H 4 speed automatic transmission came with an electronically controlled integral transfer case. A digital dash was optional on the turbo 4Runner and all turbo models came equipped with a stronger four pinion rear differential.
1987 Toyota Pickup & 4Runner
No significant model changes were made for 1987.
1988 Toyota Pickup & 4Runner
1988 Xtra Cab Pickup.
1988 saw the introduction of the 3VZE 3.0L V6 motor and the demise of the 22RTE and 22R motors. The 3VZE came backed by a R150 transmission and VF1A 23 spline chain driven transfer case or the A340H transmission with an integral transfer case. Vehicles equipped with this motor inherited the previous turbos' stronger four pinion rear differential and featured larger brake master cylinders and front calipers. The 22RE was still offered with a W56 5 speed manual and top shifting, gear driven RF1A transfer case or a A340F 4 speed automatic transmission with a VF2A chain drive transfer case. Other features such as body style, wheelbase, suspension, and options remained the same as the previous year.
1989 Toyota Pickup & 4Runner
1989 Shortbed Pickup. 3rd generation
A new, rounder body style for pickups became available in 1989. Only the pickups received the new body style, not the 4Runner. With this body style came a much improved interior, galvanized beds, and a longer wheelbase for longbeds and Xtra Cabs at 122". Shortbed and 4Runners kept the same 103" wheelbase as previous years. Other changes included the optional 4.56 gears in addition to the to the previously available 4.10s and 4.30s and the location of the shifter used on the RF1A transfer case behind W56 transmissions changed from the top of the transfer case to the tailhousing of the transmission. While the basic suspenion and axles remained the same, the rear springs increased in length 3 inches to 51".
Rear ABS became standard on pickups in 1989, but is only activated in 2WD. Automatic Differential Disconnect (ADD), a vacuum operated four wheel drive system, was first available in 1989 as an option. 4 cylinder trucks equipped with this system utilized a 5 speed G58 manual transmission and a 26 spline VF1A chain drive transfer case or a A340F with a VF2A 23 spline chain driven transfer case. Starting in 1989 the 22RE received a revised intake manifold with an integral air control valve, otherwise the motor options remained the same as the previous year.
1990 Toyota Pickup & 4Runner
1990 4Runner. 2nd generation
The only significant change for the 1990 model year was the updated 4Runner, which shared the new, rounder body style that the pickups unveiled in 1989. The new 4Runner was available in a four door version for the first time, however a rare two door version was also available until 1992. Both versions of the new 4Runner came with integrated rooflines in place of the previous removable tops. All other features are basically the same as in the previous year. Note that starting in 1990 and continuing through 1995, the 3VZE motor was subject to special service campaign V06 for headgasket problems.
1991 Toyota Pickup & 4Runner
No significant model changes were made in 1991.
1992 Toyota Pickup & 4Runner
1992 Shortbed Pickup.
The only notable addition in the 1992 model year was the availability of 4.88 gears in pickups and 4Runners equipped with automatic transmissions. These gears came in a unique rear third member that is not compatible with other gears. A slight redesign of the front headlights, grill, and bumper also took place for the 1992 model year. Wheelbase, suspension, and drivetrain options all remained the same.
1993 Toyota Pickup & 4Runner
The two door 4Runner was discontinued in 1993, otherwise Toyota saw little reason to alter their rugged pickup line.
1994 Toyota Pickup & 4Runner
1994 4Runner.
Side impact beams, CFC-free air conditioning, and a third brake light became standard features in 1994, and four wheel ABS became an option on V6 models. These were the only changes to pickup and 4Runners from the previous model year.
1995 Toyota Pickup & 4Runner
1995 Xtra Cab Pickup.
1995 marked the last year of the venerable Toyota pickup before the introduction of the Tacoma in 1995.5.
1996 Toyota 4Runner
1996 was the first year for the all new 3rd generation 4Runner. The redesign includes all new engines, transmissions, suspension, and frames. For the first time, the 4Runners did not share chassis and sheet metal with the pickup, which had been redesigned and named the Tacoma. The 4Runner is still designed and built in Japan by Toyota, with a full length boxed frame, where the Tacoma was designed and built in California with various components such as the c-channel frame and drive shafts made by the Dana Spicer Corporation.
The 3rd generation featured much more comfortable interior and road friendly suspension, whcih consisted of coilover independent front suspension, rack and pinion steering, and a rear 5 link coilover suspension and the standard 8" V6 solid axle. For the first time, an electric locker was an optional item. The engines were updated too, including a new 3.4L V6 5vz-fe quad cam and a 2.7L 3rz-fe 4cy dual cam engine. Auto trans was the A340F, and the manual trans was the R150F. Transfer cases were chain driven, and driver's side drop (unline the previous passenger side drop) with a push button 4wd option on the Limited models.
Other notable changes were a liftgate instead of a tailgate, 16" wheels, 4 wheel ABS, dual airbags, and an optional factory TRD supercharger for the 3.4L V6.
1997 Toyota 4Runner
Some minor changes for '97 include a 2wd Limited model, direct ignition with "coil packs" on the 3rz-fe engine, among other minor changes.
1998 Toyota 4Runner
Minor changes include items such as combination meter layout, radio, and A/C controls changed from lever to dial type.
1999 Toyota 4Runner
Some significant changes took place in '99, which include a redesigned front bumper and grille, reflector style headlights, available hood scoop, new multi-mode 4wd transfer case with center differential, fully automatic A/C controls with digital display, digital odometer, and engine immobilizer, among other things.
2000 Toyota 4Runner
No major changes for 2000.
2001 Toyota 4Runner
Some major changes for 2001 include the discontinuation of the 4cy engine, manual transmission, and electronic rear differential lock. Also the rear tail lights have been upgraded to a reflector style, upgraded grille design, pre-wired trailer harness, new alloy wheels, electronic throttle control, A-TRAC (traction control), VSC (vehicle skid control), EBD (Electronic Brake force Distribution), hydraulic brake booster, rear proportioning valve has been discontinued, CRS (Child Restraint System), heated seats, and garage door opener, just to name a few.
2002 Toyota 4Runner
In the last year for the 3rd generation 4Runner came a few changes, such as a chrome package that included chrome front grille, side mirrors, door handles, wheel arch moldings, taillamp garnish, rear license plate garnish, exhaust tip, and available 16-inch high-gloss alloy wheels, a sport edition model was added that included a perforated aluminum front skidplate, new interior sport fabric, Sport Edition badges, and embroidered floor mats.
1995.5-2004 Toyota Tacoma 1st generation
The all new 1995.5 Tacoma shares the same engine and transmission choices as the 3rd generation 4Runner. The rest of the truck looks simmilar, but is different. The frame is a c-channel design and designed and built by the Dana Corporation. Notable changes are the availablility of a locking rear differential, TRD superchager for the V6, pre runner model, S-runner sport model for 2001, and a double cab option in 2001.
2005-current Toyota Tacoma 2nd generation
The 2nd generation was completely redesigned for '05 and included 2 new engines, a 4.0L VVT-I V6, and a 2.7L 4cy, and an X-runner sport model with a 6 speed manual transmission and lowered suspension.
2003 Toyota 4Runner 4th generation
The all new 2003 4Runner includes new engines, a 4.0L VVT-I 1GR-FE V6, and for the first time, a 4.7L 2UZ-FE V8. Tranmission choices were the same A340F 4 speed auto trans on the V6, and a A750F 5 speed auto trans on the V8. No manual transmission were offered on any 4th gen. The frame was still a fully boxed designed, designed and built in Japan. Front suspension is coilover independent with rack and pinion steering. Rear suspension is 5 link with the 8" V6 rear axle. All 4wd 4Runners had a torsen type limited slip center differential. Traction control (TRAC) and Vehicle Stability Control (VSC) are standard on all models. Also standard are Toyota's Downhill Assist Control, (DAC) and Hill-start Assist Control. (HAC)
Some optional features on different models were a hood scoop, 17" alloy wheels, X-REAS shocks, dual-zone automatic climate control, rear-seat audio controls and wireless headphone capability, an auto-dimming rearview mirror with compass, 115 volt AC power inverter, DVD entertainment system with GPS navigation, rain-sensing windshield wipers, auto on/off headlamps, and adaptive Variable AIR Suspension damping and Adaptive Height Contro, just to name a few.
2004 Toyota 4Runner
Some minor changes for the 2004 4Runner include 3rd row seating, tire pressure warning system, and side curtain airbags.
2005 Toyota 4Runner
Some minor changes for '05 include the 5 speed auto trans standard on V6 and V8 engines, chrome plated grille, and VVT-i (Variable Valve Timing-intelligent) was added to the 2UZ-FE V8.
2006 Toyota 4Runner
Some minor changes include projector style headlights, redesigned grille, LED tail lights, redesigned side panel cladding, 18" alloy wheels, and NAV/AV system with Bluetooth.
2007/08 Toyota 4Runner
No significant changes for '07/'08, except for a new grille in '08.
2009 Toyota 4Runner
In the last year for the 4th generation 4Runner, a few significant changes happened. 2 new models were added, Trail Edition, and Urban Runner. The electronic locking rear differential was brought back.
2010 Toyota 4Runner
An all new, 5th generation 4Runner was introduced in 2010. The V8 was droped, and the 4cy has returned. The 1grfe v6 has been given VVT-I and 32 extra HP, and a all new 2.7L 4cy is debuted. The multi-mode transfer case has been done away with also, choices now include a part time stick shift t-case and a full time 4wd with torsen center differential. Some new options include 20" wheels, optitron gauges, crawl control, eco driving indicator, rear gate speakers, multi-terrain ABS, Kinetic Dynamic Suspension System, larger rear ring and pinion, electronic locking rear differential, and Available Safety Connect system (simmilar to onstar)
Tags:
Toyota Tech Toyota pickups
Defog It - Keeps Optics Fog-Free
Toyota Tech: Pickup and 4Runner Part Specification... | msmarco_doc_00_27200034 |