url stringlengths 14 987 | title stringlengths 0 45k | headings stringlengths 1 532k | body stringlengths 1 1.4M | docid stringlengths 16 25 |
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http://45.what-are-the-factors.com/ | What Are the Factors of 45? | What Are the Factors of 45?
What Are the Factors of 45? | What Are the Factors of 45?
What Are the Factors of 45?
The factors of 45 are 1, 3, 5, 9, 15, 45.
Calcating the factors of 45 is straightforward. 1 and 45 are the first two factors.
Try 1. 1 x 45 = 45, so put these into our factor list.
1
...
45
Take 2... no good. 45/2 isn't a whole number. So we skip 2.
Now take 3. 3 x 15 = 45, so now we put these in our list of factors.
1
3
...
15
45
Next try 4... no luck. 45/4 isn't a whole number. So we skip 4.
Now try 5. 5 x 9 = 45, so put these into our factor list.
1
3
5
...
9
15
45
Try 6... no good. 45/6 isn't a whole number. So we skip 6.
Take 7... no. 45/7 isn't a whole number. So we skip 7.
Now, since we don't have any more numbers to try, we're done!
1
3
5
9
15
45
... What Are the Factors of 16?
What Are the Factors of 17?
What Are the Factors of 18?
What Are the Factors of 19?
What Are the Factors of 20?
What Are the Factors of 21?
What Are the Factors of 22?
What Are the Factors of 23?
What Are the Factors of 24?
What Are the Factors of 25?
What Are the Factors of 26?
What Are the Factors of 27?
What Are the Factors of 28?
What Are the Factors of 29?
What Are the Factors of 30?
What Are the Factors of 31?
What Are the Factors of 32?
What Are the Factors of 33?
What Are the Factors of 34?
What Are the Factors of 35?
What Are the Factors of 36?
What Are the Factors of 37?
What Are the Factors of 38?
What Are the Factors of 39?
What Are the Factors of 40?
What Are the Factors of 41?
What Are the Factors of 42?
What Are the Factors of 43?
What Are the Factors of 44?
What Are the Factors of 45?
What are the prime factors of 45? What is the prime factorization of 45 ?
What Are the Factors of 46?
What Are the Factors of 47?
What Are the Factors of 48?
What Are the Factors of 49?
What Are the Factors of 50?
What Are the Factors of 51?
What Are the Factors of 52?
What Are the Factors of 53?
What Are the Factors of 54?
What Are the Factors of 55?
What Are the Factors of 56?
What Are the Factors of 57?
What Are the Factors of 58?
What Are the Factors of 59?
What Are the Factors of 60?
What Are the Factors of 61?
What Are the Factors of 62?
What Are the Factors of 63?
What Are the Factors of 64?
What Are the Factors of 65?
What Are the Factors of 66?
What Are the Factors of 67?
What Are the Factors of 68?
What Are the Factors of 69?
What Are the Factors of 70?
What Are the Factors of 71?
What Are the Factors of 72?
What Are the Factors of 73?
What Are the Factors of 74?
What Are the Factors of 75? ...
Try another number:
Need help finding the factors of 45? It's easy! Here you go: the factors of 45 are 1, 3, 5... Randy Tayler | randytayler@gmail.com | msmarco_doc_00_25883427 |
http://450.extensionfile.net/ | Open 450 File | Open 450 File
Open 450 File
How to Open 450 file
What is 450 File?
450 File Applications
| Open 450 File
Open 450 File
To open 450 file you need to find an application which works with that kind of file. 450 file extension is used by operating systems to recognize files with content of type 450. Here is some information which will get you started.
How to Open 450 file
To see if you have an application which support 450 file format you need to double click on the file.
This will either open it with matching application or Windows will suggest you to look for an application for file extension 450 either on web or on local computer.
If there is no application on your computer which can open 450 files you need to search on the internet which application can open 450 files.
What is 450 File?
File extensions help computers locate correct application for specific files. Operating systems will not look into the content of the files to be opened, but instead, it will immediately locate the file extension of the file and locate for associated application that can open 450 files. This helps the computer to organize its functions and work much faster. Most operating systems (Windows) require the use of file extensions, but others do not (Unix).
These file extensions are also beneficial for us. By simply looking at the filename, we can determine what type of information is stored to that and what applications can open these files. Have you noticed that when your computer acquires an unknown file, it will ask your permission to look for associated program to open it or look for these programs over the Internet? Yes! These file extensions make the work of the computer easy. Once there is no application associated with the file, then the computer will immediately ask the users assistance to help look for the source files.
450 File Applications
If you know which application opens file extension 450 and it is not mentioned on our site please e-mail us via contact form.
For more information on how to open 450 files read other articles on this website.
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http://450bushmaster.net/viewtopic.php?t=1077 | 450Bushmaster.net • View topic - Another buffer question | 450Bushmaster.net
450Bushmaster.net
Another buffer question
Another buffer question
Re: Another buffer question
Re: Another buffer question
Re: Another buffer question
Re: Another buffer question
| 450Bushmaster.net • View topic - Another buffer question
450Bushmaster.net
Another buffer question
Talk about the AR15 style rifles chambered in 450 Bushmaster.
Moderator: MudBug
13 posts • Page 1 of 2 • 1
,
2
Another buffer question
by bighole » Sun Sep 26, 2010 5:37 am
OK guys , the more I look into this the more I think I'm getting confused. I had some problems with my 5.56 today and looking into the problem found that my .450 may be wrong too. I have a 20" rifle 450 , with a standard mil-spec collapsible carbine stock. Standard carbine buffer. Is this not good? Shall I get a rifle stock with a rifle buffer / tube? It functions fine but the book I have says not to mix carbine buffers / tubes with rifle buffers / tubes?
bighole
Posts: 11
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Location: SC
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Re: Another buffer question
by lucasphi20 » Sun Sep 26, 2010 5:56 am
What kind of problems did you have? The most common problem you read about in AR forums (I've experienced this myself) is checking to make sure gas key is staked tight to the bolt carrier. As far as the buffer, Bushmaster designed it to be drop in using factory buffers. I use my factory Bushmaster carbine stock and buffer and it works great. Some people say use the heavier M4 buffer or other buffers, but that seems mainly for recoil control. You can not mix carbine buffers with rifle buffer tubes or rifle buffers with carbine buffer tubes. The rifle tube and buffer are longer, if you put a rifle buffer in the carbine buffer tube the bolt carrier would not be able to travel far enough to operate. If a carbine buffer was put in a rifle tube, I can only imagine that the tension would be too light and would not chamber and lock.
“If everybody is thinking alike, then somebody isn't thinking.”
General George S. Patton Jr., USA
lucasphi20
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Re: Another buffer question
by bighole » Sun Sep 26, 2010 11:05 am
The .450 works fine. Yes a rifle buffer is just to long for a carbine tube , it would not operate. My 20" 5.56 has a carbine tube and buffer. The problem is the trigger does not reset. BUT I noticed ( after I got home) the disconector spring was not seated properly , possibly causing a bind with the hammer. I was doing some research ( in my book that I half read ) and the author states that "a carbine buffer and tube on a rifle gas system can sheer off the gas key or crack the lower ". I was just wondering does this apply to the .450 also? Doesent the bore diameter change port pressures ?
"I always herd there were three types of suns in Kansas , sunshine , sunflowers , and sons-a-bitches" The outlaw Josey Wales
bighole
Posts: 11
Joined: Thu Jun 03, 2010 8:29 am
Location: SC
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Re: Another buffer question
by 2zero6 » Sun Sep 26, 2010 12:34 pm
No problems here with an M4 buffer in a mil-spec buffer tube.
"They who can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety, deserve neither liberty nor safety. " - Benjamin Franklin ."
Member #55 of the 450b forum.
2zero6
Posts: 526
Joined: Fri Aug 07, 2009 7:55 am
Location: Washington State
Top
Re: Another buffer question
by Siringo » Sun Sep 26, 2010 4:02 pm
The 450 Bushmaster is built around the rifle buffer tube and buffer that weights about 5.3 oz. Over my tenure of working with this platform, I have gone to a carbine stock (and buffer tube). I HAD used a buffer that weighed 2.8 oz and that did cause some problems while working with heavy slow bullets. Action was opening to soon.
I currently run the carbine system with an H3 buffer. In addition to that, I have a Tubbs Carrier Weight System installed in the bolt. Reason for the additional weight was to slow the action down on opening and chambering (to help minimize bullet jump). If you are using factory or equivalent reloads -- this is not necessary though.
As long as you use a buffer that weights close to the factory weight or heavier -- you will not have problems. Do not use the rifle buffer in a carbine tube -- the buffer is to long. Do not use a carbine buffer in a rifle tube -- it is to short and may cause damage to the upper receiver if fired. Just keep the buffers matched to the correct tube and you'll be fine. Also, there are rifle actions springs and carbine action spring --rifle is longer than the carbine. Use the correct spring per tube.
The 450 Bushmaster platform is built around the standard AR GI parts.
For buffer info go to: "www.heavybuffers.com".
Siringo
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Re: Another buffer question
by bighole » Sun Sep 26, 2010 11:15 pm
Thanks for the replys. I fixed it last night but could not test until today. I was just sweating it until then.It was the disconnector sping. Just one of those things I should have paid more attention to when assembling. The rifle functioned flawless. Three inch groups at 100 with irons is acceptable for me for a battle rifle and ball ammo.
"I always herd there were three types of suns in Kansas , sunshine , sunflowers , and sons-a-bitches" The outlaw Josey Wales
bighole
Posts: 11
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Re: Another buffer question
by Billsmith63 » Tue Sep 28, 2010 2:48 pm
I use a Magpul MOE stock with a carbine length Enidine hydraulic buffer. So far, no problems.
Billsmith63
Posts: 36
Joined: Fri Mar 12, 2010 3:43 am
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Re: Another buffer question
by wackoo450 » Sat Oct 02, 2010 7:53 pm
bighole wrote: OK guys , the more I look into this the more I think I'm getting confused. I had some problems with my 5.56 today and looking into the problem found that my .450 may be wrong too. I have a 20" rifle 450 , with a standard mil-spec collapsible carbine stock. Standard carbine buffer. Is this not good? Shall I get a rifle stock with a rifle buffer / tube? It functions fine but the book I have says not to mix carbine buffers / tubes with rifle buffers / tubes?
I found that the A2 stock with the 308 buffer and 308 spring work great. I have a 50 B,450b,6.5g, 6.8R and use that set-up on all of them. Bolt lock-up time is increased and the recoil is reduced. The MOA on all of them was reduced. i have never had a feed problem or a breakage. I have 2 5.56 rifles , a 20" bull and an 18" of which I use the 5.56 buffer and spring. I just keep things simple.
wackoo450
Posts: 2
Joined: Sun Apr 11, 2010 5:26 am
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Re: Another buffer question
by 2zero6 » Sat Oct 02, 2010 11:46 pm
wackoo450 wrote: I found that the A2 stock with the 308 buffer and 308 spring work great. I have a 50 B,450b,6.5g, 6.8R and use that set-up on all of them. Bolt lock-up time is increased and the recoil is reduced. The MOA on all of them was reduced. i have never had a feed problem or a breakage. I have 2 5.56 rifles , a 20" bull and an 18" of which I use the 5.56 buffer and spring. I just keep things simple.
Like the ones DPMS uses on their LR308 rifle? I never thought to try that. My LR-308 AP4 uses a standard ar15 collapsible tube but with a heaver spring and buffer. I'll have to swap it over to my .450 to see if it still works. Great Idea, and welcome aboard (even though you have been lurking around since April)!
"They who can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety, deserve neither liberty nor safety. " - Benjamin Franklin ."
Member #55 of the 450b forum.
2zero6
Posts: 526
Joined: Fri Aug 07, 2009 7:55 am
Location: Washington State
Top
Re: Another buffer question
by wackoo450 » Sun Oct 03, 2010 1:37 am
2zero6 wrote:
wackoo450 wrote: I found that the A2 stock with the 308 buffer and 308 spring work great. I have a 50 B,450b,6.5g, 6.8R and use that set-up on all of them. Bolt lock-up time is increased and the recoil is reduced. The MOA on all of them was reduced. i have never had a feed problem or a breakage. I have 2 5.56 rifles , a 20" bull and an 18" of which I use the 5.56 buffer and spring. I just keep things simple.
Like the ones DPMS uses on their LR308 rifle? I never thought to try that. My LR-308 AP4 uses a standard ar15 collapsible tube but with a heaver spring and buffer. I'll have to swap it over to my .450 to see if it still works. Great Idea, and welcome aboard (even though you have been lurking around since April)!
I use the DPMS LR 308 A2 stock,spring, and buffer. I make one order and get it as a package. keeping it simple. I like to
"lurk" on the threads,,a lot of info here. I load 57 calibers and for 51 years at the bench. I am a HOOT fan.
I like that 40 carbine thread,,I think i will get a LR308 upper,bolt and barrel, get it rechamberd and bored, 1 in 10 twist,
stretch the neck of the 308 case, with a 40 s@w resizer ball. that is keeping it simple. I make 357 Herret from 30-30 cases, so the 40 carbine should be pretty easy. Let me know how the LR308 AP$ works on the 450b.
wackoo450
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Historical Significance
"Remarkable for its legal content, this work is also an exceptional source of information about the society, religion, economy, and history of this period."
-The Louvre
The Code of Hammurabi allows historians to take a look at daily life in ancient Babylon. It is particularly fair for its time as it demands for a trial by judges, rather than vigilante justice. It symbolizes not only the emergence of justice in the minds of men, but also man’s rise above ignorance and barbarism towards peace and justice, which societies still pursue today.
The laws in the Code of Hammurabi established stability, allowing the ancient Babylon Empire to flourish. It allowed all of Babylon's citizens to read the laws that governed their lives, and the laws could not be manipulated by a ruler to suit his or her own goals. Some historians even point to the Code of Hammurabi as evidence for a society more advanced than the early medieval period in Europe.
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Social Class Discrimination
"If a slave say to his master: "You are not my master," if they convict him his master shall cut off his ear."
- Law 282 of the Code of Hammurabi
The Code of Hammurabi did bring justice for all social classes of Babylon, which is what Hammurabi intended, but it fails to provide equality. Until recently, it was believed that by nature, some people were inferior to others and as such could not receive the same treatment.
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Stele of Hammurabi
"The Law Code of Hammurabi is the emblem of the Mesopotamian civilization. This high basalt stele erected by the king of Babylon in the 18th century B.C.E is a work of art, history and literature, and the most complete legal compendium of Antiquity, dating back to earlier than the Biblical laws. Carried there by a prince from the neighboring country of Elam in Iran in the 12th century B.C.E the monument was exhibited on the Susa acropolis among other prestigious Mesopotamian masterpieces."
- The Louvre Museum
A 7.4-foot tall structure composed of either diorite or basalt, the Stele of Hammurabi manifests various elements which express Hammurabi's religious, social and economical ideologies.
A comparision of a 5' 9" man to the Stele of Hammurabi
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The Stele of Hammurabi was discovered broken into three pieces. Otherwise, it was largely undamaged.
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Atop the stele is a bas-relief depicting Hammurabi receiving the Code of Hammurabi from Shamash. Hammurabi is shown holding his hand in front of his mouth, symbolizing that Hammurabi rules with the permission of the gods. It is the gods who gave him the power to rule, but he himself is not a god; rather, he is the gods' servants
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Beneath the bas-relief are the actual laws. The Stele of Hammurabi was excavated during the winter of 1902 and 1903 by a French archaeological team.
In 1158 B.C.E., Shutruk-Nahhunte I, king of Anshan and Susa, pillaged the art treasures of Mesopotamian civilizations and took them to his capital and modified the stele to fit with his culture. This explains why some text is carefully erased.
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http://45degreeslatitude.com/blog/news/using-a-canadian-credit-card-in-us-gas-pumps-with-zip-code/ | Using a Canadian Credit Card in US Gas Pumps With Zip Code | Using a Canadian Credit Card in US Gas Pumps With Zip Code
Using a Canadian Credit Card in US Gas Pumps With Zip Code | Using a Canadian Credit Card in US Gas Pumps With Zip Code
Using a Canadian Credit Card in US Gas Pumps With Zip Code
February 17, 2021 admin 0 Comments
I travel a lot in the US especially when I wish to add to my stock video footage library I sell on Pond5.com. One of the most frustrating things I found was using self-service gas bars and not being able to use my Canadian credit card at the pump because most of the pumps ask for a Zip Code for authorization. Unfortunately the US pumps don’t recognize Canadian postal codes.
In the past I had to go inside the gas bar, wait in line, then pre-pay for gas or they wanted to hold my credit card while I pumped gas- not a good idea. I read a blog post by someone a few months ago on how to bypass the zip code request. I tried it dozens of times and it has never failed.
Just do this: swipe your card as normal at the pump. When it asks for your zip code, key in the number digits of your postal code followed by zeros to make up 5 digits (there’s 5 digits in a US postal code). For example, my postal code is K0H1K0 so I key in the zero, the one and the last zero. Then I add 2 zeros at the end to make up 5 digits: 01000. Then hit Enter if it requests it. Another example, if your postal code is A2B3C4 you enter 23400 plus two zeros and hit Enter. That’s it!
PS. Credit card companies don’t guarantee this will work in every pump but it’s worth a try.
Hope this works for you!
Tags: Canadian, credit card, gas pump, postal code, US, zip code
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http://45dollarperday.blogspot.com/ | How I Make $25 to $60/ Day Online | How I Make $25 to $60/ Day Online
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http://45thdivisionmuseum.com/index.php/history/from-swastika-to-thunderbird/ | From Swastika to Thunderbird - 45th Infantry Division Museum | From Swastika to Thunderbird
From Swastika to Thunderbird | From Swastika to Thunderbird - 45th Infantry Division Museum
History From Swastika to Thunderbird
From Swastika to Thunderbird
For the first 15 years of its existence, members of the 45th Infantry Division proudly wore on their left shoulders an ancient American Indian symbol of good luck, most commonly referred to as the swastika. The insignia served as recognition of the great number of Native Americans proudly serving in the 45th Infantry Division. The yellow swastika on a square background of red symbolized the Spanish Heritage of the 4 Southwestern states that made up the membership of the 45th—Oklahoma, New Mexico, Colorado, and Arizona. A similar symbol was adopted by the Nazi party in the late 1920’s, and as the N.S.D.A.P. rose to power in 1933 the symbol became so closely associated with German National socialism that it had to be abandoned as the insignia of the 45th Infantry Division.
For many months division members wore no insignia, while the design for a new emblem was being explored. The 45th Infantry Division held a contest to assist in selection of the new insignia and many designs were submitted. The contest was overseen by a board of officers who eventually determined the Thunderbird would become the new insignia of the 45th Infantry Division. In keeping with the tradition formerly established, it was also decided to maintain the same colors and design of the original insignia.
In 1939 after approval of the Commanding General, Eighth Corps Area, and the Chief of the National Guard Bureau, the Thunderbird design was officially approved by the War Department and authorized for manufacture and wear. The document approving the design, which was to become famous in World War II and the Korean War, stated that, the Thunderbird was a Native American symbol signifying “sacred bearer of happiness unlimited.”
Contrary to popular belief the 45th “swastika” was never manufactured reversed as compared to the one used by the Nazis. The main difference was of course the color (the Nazi swastika was invariably black), and whereas (in most cases) theirs was canted at a 45 degree angle, the 45th was plumb.
There are a large number of reverse image 45th swastika patches floating around out there, many look quite old and moth eaten. None of them are authentic. | msmarco_doc_00_25922722 |
http://45thdivisionmuseum.com/index.php/history/history-of-the-45th-infantry/ | History Of the 45th Infantry - 45th Infantry Division Museum | History Of the 45th Infantry
History Of the 45th Infantry | History Of the 45th Infantry - 45th Infantry Division Museum
History History Of the 45th Infantry
History Of the 45th Infantry
Following World War I, the National Defense Act of 1920 created the authority to form the 45th Infantry Division from the four states of Oklahoma, Colorado, Arizona and New Mexico. The division was organized in 1923, and Oklahoma members camped together for the first time at Fort Sill, Oklahoma, in 1924.
In the period pre-dating World War II, the division was called upon to maintain order in times of disasters and keep peace during periods of political unrest. Governor John C. Walton used the Guard to prevent the Legislature from meeting when they were preparing to impeach him in 1923. Governor William H. Murray’s calls to duty included the enforcement of closing of banks and keeping open a free bridge on the Red River, in spite of a federal court order that it not be opened.
In September of 1940 the division was ordered into federal service for one year to engage in a training program. The division’s time in federal service began at Ft. Sill, and at the end of the first year they had participated in the Louisiana Maneuvers. By the end of the year the world situation had worsened, and the Thunderbirds continued their training and prepared for war.
The Thunderbirds trained at Fort Sill, OK; Camp Barkeley, TX; Fort Devens, MA; Pine Camp, NY; and Camp Pickett, VA. They had trained hard for their part in World War II, and on July 10, 1943 the division participated in their first of four amphibious landings. In all the division served 511 days in combat; fighting their way across Sicily, Italy, France, and Germany. The National Guard Division of the southwest became highly regarded by both regular army forces and the enemy for their valiant efforts and fighting abilities.
The 45th Infantry Division served with General George S. Patton’s U.S. 7th Army during the Sicilian campaign, and when the fighting was done, the commander had this to say about the division, “Your division is one of the best, if not the best division in the history of American arms.”
Following World War II the division reverted back to National Guard status, and the 45th Infantry Division became an all-Oklahoma organization. Weekly evening drill periods were again held in armories statewide, and Fort Sill was the site of their annual summer encampment.
In June of 1950 South Korea was invaded by North Korea this action led to the second federal mobilization of the 45th Infantry Division. The Thunderbirds were one of only two National Guard divisions to see combat in the Korean War; the other being the 40th of California.
Training for Korea began at Camp Polk, and in March of 1951 the division shipped out for Hokkaido, Japan for a continuation of their training. The move to Korea was made in December, 1951. The division served in the Yonchon-Chorwon area, and in sectors fronting Old Baldy, Pork Chop Hill, Heartbreak Ridge, and Luke’s Castle. The majority of the Oklahoma’s Guardsmen began returning to the States in the spring of 1952, but the division remained in Korea until the end of the conflict in 1953. In all the 45th Division saw 429 days in battle, participating in 4 campaigns.
After Korea the division reverted to their stateside status as a National Guard unit with reorganization in 1959 changing the structure of the division from a triangular to a pentomic division. The pentomic division was made up of 5 battle groups, each smaller than a regiment, but larger than a battalion. In January 1969 the 45th Infantry Division was disbanded. The former division was restructured into an infantry brigade, an artillery group, and a support command, with state headquarters providing general administrative and logistical support. This did not mean the end of the Thunderbird; the Thunderbird patch was retained by all the organizations, with the exception of the state headquarters, which continued to be identified with the Indian-head patch. | msmarco_doc_00_25925343 |
http://46679212.weebly.com/the-ruby-bridges-foundation.html | The Ruby Bridges Foundation - Ruby Bridges | The Ruby Bridges Foundation
"Racism is a grown-up disease and we must stop using our children to spread it."
The Ruby Bridges Foundation
| The Ruby Bridges Foundation - Ruby Bridges
Ruby Bridges
Home
Background
Integration
Impact
The Ruby Bridges Foundation
Conclusion
Documents
Process Paper
Bibliography
"Racism is a grown-up disease and we must stop using our children to spread it."
- The Ruby Bridges Foundation Motto
Back to home
("In a Class of Only One: Ruby Bridges")
The Ruby Bridges Foundation
In 1999, Ruby Bridges created the "Ruby Bridges Foundation" to help end the fight of racism. The Ruby Bridges Foundation was established in New Orleans in 1999. The foundation's purpose is to promote respect and equal treatment to all races or all differences. "The foundation's primary initiative is to create a school in the William Frantz Elementary building that will serve as a model for integration and equity in education. It will create a learning environment that brings children together so that they can do what previous generations have not been able to do: embrace our racial and cultural differences so that we can move forward." The foundation's purpose was based around one moment when Ruby Bridges crossed the barrier of segregation and changed education. Not only did she desegregate education, she changed society. Instead of different schools, we are together as one big family with the help of Ruby Bridges ("Ruby Bridges Foundation", 2015).
Conclusion | msmarco_doc_00_25929668 |
http://47vibez.com.ng/mc-quakez-roadman-shaq-fire-in-the-booth/ | MC Quakez & Roadman Shaq - Fire in the Booth (Freestyle) | MC Quakez & Roadman Shaq – Fire in the Booth (Freestyle)
Audio
MC Quakez & Roadman Shaq – Fire in the Booth (Freestyle)
What is Fire in the Booth?
DOWNLOAD MC Quakez & Roadman Shaq – Fire in the Booth
| MC Quakez & Roadman Shaq - Fire in the Booth (Freestyle)
Audio
MC Quakez & Roadman Shaq – Fire in the Booth (Freestyle)
By Mr. 47 | 16th September 2017
MC Quakez & Roadman Shaq – Fire in the Booth (Freestyle)
British comedian Michael Dapaah plays the roles of MC Quakez and Roadman Shaq in his Fire in the Booth freestyle. It is the second Fire in the Booth performed by a comedian after 2015’s R.S.
Dapaah begins the freestyle as MC Quakez, an aspiring UK rapper who thinks he has bars but doesn’t realise how bad he is, continuously missing the drop during the first half of the freestyle.
MC Quakez and his partner Shakes then exit for Roadman Shaq (also played by Dapaah) to take over the booth to spit over 67’s “Let’s Lurk”.
What is Fire in the Booth?
Fire in the Booth is a long-running radio freestyle segment on BBC 1Xtra, hosted by Charlie Sloth. It is similar in vein to American freestyle segments like Sway’s “5 Fingers of Death”, except it features upcoming MCs as well as established acts to showcase their lyricism. The segment is highly respected among the British rap audience and has propelled multiple careers.
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DOWNLOAD MC Quakez & Roadman Shaq – Fire in the Booth
Check on the lyrics below:
[Verse 1: Roadman Shaq]
2 plus 2 is 4
Minus 1 that’s 3, quick maths
Everyday man’s on the block, smoke trees
See your girl in the park, that girl is a uckers
When the ting went quack-quack-quack, you man were ducking
Hold tight Asnee, he’s got the pumpy
Hold tight my man, he’s got the frisbee
I trap trap trap on the road, movin’ that cornflakes
Rice Krispie, hold tight my girl Whitney
On the road doin’ ten tours, allow my toes
You man thought I froze
I see a peng girl then I pose
If she’s not on it I ghost
Hah, look at your nose
What? You dickhead!
Look at your nose
Nose long like garden hose, shhhh, you get me?
Boom, man’s gonna come back in
[Interlude]
You know like that, you’re feelin’ that
You dun know, I see you shiverin’ and that
Don’t get shook man’s here you protected-ed
Aight, boom
Let’s go, boom
[Verse 2: Roadman Shaq]
Hop out the four door with the .44
It was 1, 2, 3 and 4
Chillin’ in the corridor, your dad is 44
And he still calling man for a draw
Let him know, when I see him, I’m gonna spin his jaw
Take my Twix by force
Send man shop by force
Your girl knows I’ve got the sauce, no ketchup
Just sauce, raw sauce
Boom, yo, gah
The ting goes Skrrrat!
Pap pap ka ka ka!
Skidiki pap pap!
And a pu pu drrrr boom!
SKYAAA!
Du du ku ku tun tun!
Poom poom!
You dun know, Big Shaq
Ha, yo, yeah yeah
Alright, fire-fire-fire in the booth
You get me, man’s not hot
I tell her man’s not hot
I tell her man’s not hot
The girl told me take off your jacket
I said babes, man’s not hot
Yo, man can never be hot
Perspiration ting, Lynx effect
Yo, you dun know
Related Items Fire in the Booth (Freestyle) MC Quakez Roadman Shaq
Mr. 47
HITMANUZY is a Nigerian music fanatic. A great lover of information and its dispersal | msmarco_doc_00_25931375 |
http://48-laws-of-power.blogspot.com/2008/12/law-2-never-put-too-much-trust-in.html | 48 laws of power: law 2: never put too much trust in friends – learn how to use enemies | 48 laws of power
48 laws of power
Friday, December 19, 2008
law 2: never put too much trust in friends – learn how to use enemies
51 comments:
| 48 laws of power: law 2: never put too much trust in friends – learn how to use enemies
48 laws of power
Friday, December 19, 2008
law 2: never put too much trust in friends – learn how to use enemies
1937 was difficult for Communist China. There was a civil war against the Nationalists and at the same time, Japan was invading. Mao’s advisors told him to let the Nationalists and the Japanese fight each other out. But Mao knew that China was too vast to be conquered by Japan. Instead, the Communists and the Nationalists, bitter rivals, fought alongside each other until Japan retreated. The story does not end there. The Communists had now gained enough experience to defeat the Nationalists once and for all.
Enemies make great motivations. They give us someone we are better than; someone we have to prove something to. They never expect it if they are treated otherwise. When Emperor Sung took over the imperial throne of China, he gave riches and positions in his palace to all those he conquered. This won them over; the Sung Dynasty ruled for 300 years. Enemies treated kindly are forever grateful. At the same time, they are out to prove that they are worthy of your kindness. Abraham Lincoln put it simply, “do I not destroy my enemies when I make them my friends?”
In fact, we have to be even more wary of our friends. They are trusted but too much power and wealth can go to the head too easily. Let your guard down and, well, look at what happened to Michael III. Basilius, a stable boy, saved Michael III’s life and the two became the closest of friends. Who better for Michael III to choose as his councilor, right? Not quite. The power and wealth quickly went to Basilius’ head. One night, the emperor awoke to Basilius in his room and by dawn, he was emperor.
The law tells us (1) to make good use of our enemies and (2) we can never be too sure of our friends. As the old saying goes, keep your friends close but your enemies closer. Like Caesar, we have our own Brutuses, but if we can’t trust our friends, then who is left? Emperor Sung was wise, but, as seen in the film 300, Xerxes did something similar. And all it took was 300 fearless Spartans to unite Greece and knock the Persian off his perch. If a long time friend can too easily betray you, what’s to stop a former enemy from doing so?
Sam Bautista
Hi18 – K
Posted by Andrea Jalandoni at 12:36 AM
51 comments:
Reggae Princess said...
I agree with you Sam, if we don't trust our friends, who is there left to trust?
One thing that went through the my mind when I read this was, "Wow, I pity those who strive for power" for they don't have friends at all.
In my opinion, friendship is in essence a kind of vulnerability in itself. You allow people to reveal themselves to you and you allow yourself to reveal yourself to them. There is no such thing as not completely trusting. Not completely trusting is not trusting at all.
This is manipulation and deception at its best, in my opinion, because you ultimately can't trust anything then. You make your "friends" your potential-enemies and you make your enemies your "friends". And each friendship would then all be based on lies. And you would be stuck in the middle of a vicious circle.
Marion Causing
Hi18- K
December 19, 2008 at 9:32 PM
Anonymous said...
Though that is true, that friends can sometimes betray you, what about the times when a friend will give his life for you? These are the extremes of friendship and i don't think that just discussing one side is fair to the other. Then again, you were only required to defend one side because that was the law. Personally, I would still choose to trust my friends despite the risk. --Loo (ps. I obviously don't know the mechanics of this assignment. haha)
December 19, 2008 at 11:32 PM
Anonymous said...
Sometimes, bitter rivals make the best team. During the last American elections, Barack Obama won as the Democratic candidate over Sen. Hillary Clinton. Now, after winning the presidency over John Mccain, president-elect Obama appointed Sen. Clinton as the new secretary of state. This shows how two, once colliding forces can get together to form a team that can hopefully change the mess that the previous administration has put in their country.
"Hillary's appointment is a sign to friend and foe of the seriousness of my commitment to renew American diplomacy and restore our alliances," Obama said at a news conference in Chicago, Illinois.
Tom Manahan
Hi 18- K
December 21, 2008 at 11:15 PM
Anonymous said...
on a less devious light in using enemies, i think that we should think of it simply as putting differences/hatred aside. Tapping into someone else's resources and expertise does not mean you have to be best friends with them.
Realistically for example, if you hated the owner of a restaurant, but you and everyone knows that his place makes the best brownies in the city, and being a brownie lover, you would not let your hatred for the owner to come between you and those delicious brownies. Just pay for the damn things and don't feel as if it's a personal matter.
monica ang, L
December 23, 2008 at 5:16 AM
Anonymous said...
i really like that Abraham Lincoln quote.
i think that if you do not trust anyone, you make yourself vulnerable to being another target: who cares about you? no one. therefore you have no allies and no one is loyal to you in the same way you are loyal to none. it makes you an island and, that way, you're an easier prey. no one wants to take on an enemy that has powerful friends but no one thinks twice about gunning down someone defenseless and utterly alone.
so you have to make a choice -- you have to pick your friends and you have to be loyal to them otherwise, you're at a risk, as well.
kyra ballesteros Hi18 K
December 27, 2008 at 6:15 AM
Anonymous said...
i really like lincoln's quote, too. i think it's really really smart.
so, i agree with the second statement of the law, in the point of view of what lincoln said. but i disagree w the first one. of course, you have to know who your real friends are. them, you can trust completely. if you don't know them too well, then definitely don't give everything away. that's just being too trusting.
ocampo 18-k
January 4, 2009 at 1:56 AM
happy hammy said...
After reading this, I can't help but think about Alfred Alder's personality theory, the difference between striving for success and striving for superiority. As I can see, the 48 laws of power is all about striving for superiority.
It is all about putting yourself first before others. By never putting too much trust in friends and learning how to use your enemies, all that is gained is for you and yourself only even if it is disguised as something good like social concern. I guess it's just logical, because for liking power, you also want to reduce the negative things that will get back at you.
By this, nothing is ever real because you don't allow yourself to get hurt. I agree with Marion Causing that each friendship would then be based on lies...I think all relationships would be based on lies, even the relationship with your enemies would be based on lies and you would be stuck in the middle of a vicious circle and would later find yourself not being able to move.
Leng Desuasido Hi18-L
January 9, 2009 at 8:56 PM
Miguel Galvez said...
If the closest of friends can possibly turn their backs on you, don't you think it's more likely that friends now who used to be enemies then can turn their backs on you, too? In which case, who can we really trust in this world then?
Well, all the more reason for you to be careful then. After all, it is possible to keep your friends close and your enemies closer.
- Juan Carlos Miguel M. Galvez
Hi18 - L
January 23, 2009 at 7:43 AM
chiocebrero said...
As weird as it sounds, the law does make sense to me. But I don't see the law saying that we're not supposed to trust or friends--it just says that we should know the aspects of our friends that we can trust and ones that can be used against us in the future. No friendship is perfect, after all.
To answer the comment above: we can't COMPLETELY trust anyone in the world. I say we can't even trust ourselves completely. Anyone can suddenly decide to turn their back on you if they chose to. But humans still trust others, because it's human nature to do so. Trust is risky, but a man cannot survive without trusting others. That is why it's important to know how much trust you're willing to give and how much you're willing to risk, should that trust be breached or destroyed.
Chio Cebrero
Hi 18 L
January 23, 2009 at 6:24 PM
Anonymous said...
This is a truly unusual law. (The title definitely caught my attention!)
I can understand how "learning to use enemies" is a logical thing to do. People tend to be close-minded towards their enemies...not realizing how "beneficial" they can be.
But i agree with the comment above (hi chio! ;p ) The statement "never put too much trust in friends" doesn't necessarily mean that we should NOT TRUST THEM.
Its foolish if we start being paranoid of possible "backstabbing" and "betrayal" all too much. It's a matter of being careful and knowing how much trust you should give away.
I'm reminded of that quote by Frank Cane..
"You may be deceived if you trust too much, but you will live in torment if you do not trust enough."
Raizza Encinas
HI 18 Section L
January 24, 2009 at 2:35 AM
Anonymous said...
If "only those you trust can betray you" and if "no friendship is perfect", then it seems that everyone should give up on society after all.
Hahaha, no of course, I would contend that premise. For human life is quite a paradox - we strive to do something (anything!) yet we fade away anyway. But it is precisely this terminability that drives us.
Enemies, after all, also drive us to do something, yes? Free market, anyone?
dyl v, L
January 25, 2009 at 5:04 AM
Anonymous said...
this law makes me think about erap and chavit. They considered each other friends, and in the end, they destroyed one another. we all know how their story goes, so i guess, this law makes sense after all.
But i still believe that everyone need friends. Everyone should choose them wisely. Even in an ordinary context, friends can be the cause of our downfall.
Kriska Rivadillo
Hi18 K
January 26, 2009 at 4:14 AM
Unknown said...
It's probable the author was thinking of this in terms of a zoological analogy. Easily, you'd think it as mere collaboration or mutualism where both parties are benefitted. However, I think commensalism is more apt. In the case of using your enemies, you're probably only going to use them so far as they aid you in your goals. And for your friends, it teaches you to learn to detach when things get too frisky. Either way, the others are marginalized for your sake.
Joey Palma
Hi18-K
January 27, 2009 at 1:47 AM
Gliza Marasigan said...
I can't help but agree with this law -- but to some extent.
Indeed, "keep your friends close but your enemies closer" is an ideal tactic because who could better treat you like dirt and challenge your skills other than your enemy? Your enemy would do almost anything to crush you, and so he won't show any sign of mercy.
One way to prove that you're the best is to beat the best there is, and not some mediocre troop. Yes, you have a great chance of failing, but it's part of the process of gaining power.
If you put your full trust on your friends, always be wary that even your very best friends could turn out to be your worst enemies.
Gliza Marasigan
Hi18-L
January 28, 2009 at 3:36 AM
sambau said...
This comment has been removed by the author.
January 28, 2009 at 3:51 PM
sambau said...
@marion:
I like what you said about not completely trusting as not trusting at all. And people who live like this don't live at all. They say no man is an island. But if you live this way; if, like you said, Marion, you strive for power and have no friends at all, you are alone. Your life would be a lie.
Yeah, friendship is a kind of vulnerability, but I think it's also a strength. The fact that you can trust others in that intimate way is a sign of self confidence. It shows that you trust yourself. Which also makes this law kind of ironic. Sure, you will become powerful, but how secure is your power if you're not even secure with yourself? If all your relationships are based on lies, then how is your power not a lie either?
January 28, 2009 at 3:55 PM
sambau said...
@Loo:
(Yeah, you obviously don't know the mechanics of this assignment. Haha.)
Anyway, it's true what you said: there will be the true friends; those who would die for you. And if you manage to gain such friends, then you are truly lucky. I think that if fate smiles upon you in this way, you won't even need to strive for power. You'll be powerful in your own, better way.
January 28, 2009 at 3:59 PM
Anonymous said...
i think it is only when our friends are not there should we trust our enemies. what are friends for then if enemies could be there. might as well call enemies your friends, right? rely on friends and when worse case scenario happens MAYBE then can you resort to enemies.
Better yet i believe that you should make your enemies your friends. let us all be happy living in a world of LOVE! hahaahhahaha
Raf Sobrepena Hi - K
January 28, 2009 at 5:41 PM
krizia said...
Being able to trust someone is important. You can't keep everything to yourself. It has been said that "no man is an island." People need each other but I agree that one should never ever put too much trust on just anyone and even on the people you think you really know already. By doing so, you reveal the real you. As tempting as it is to make deep relationships with friends, it makes one vulnerable and that is the last thing you want for yourself especially when striving for power.
Krizia Javate
Hi18-K
January 29, 2009 at 5:34 AM
Anonymous said...
I think those who strive for power can never get everything in life because I firmly believe that one cannot be happy without true friends. When power is your main concern, you can't be left vulnerable and are forced to be close minded in the realm of relationships. One cannot get too attached to a person and trust him wholly because there is still a possibility of that person turning against him and using all of his weaknesses in causing the latter's downfall.
Relationships depend on trust and letting one's guard down. Yes there are those who won't stab you at the back and will be with you all the way supporting you in all of your endeavors but not all of us are equipped with a keen sense of spotting genuine friends from the not.
Friendship is all about taking a risk in opening up to people. And for one who strives for eternal glory that's a risk he isn't willing to take.
Teri Marcelo
Hi 18-K
January 29, 2009 at 6:14 AM
sambau said...
@Tom:
Yeah, it is rather amazing to see bitter rivals working together. But what leaves me wondering is how long the partnership can last. They've declared a truce to defeat a common enemy; the enemy of my enemy is my friend, as they say. But what leaves me wondering is how long it can last. In the case you gave, Hillary Clinton does not really owe Obama anything. Given a chance, could she quickly go back onto the other team and let the rivalry ensue again?
January 29, 2009 at 6:42 AM
sambau said...
@monica:
I like brownies. Hehe. But seriously, it's cool to think of the law that way. I guess it's true, we don't have to love our enemies, we just have to use them. But I think that will not be easy, because people usually are proud and arrogant. Buying brownies from someone you hated is one thing, but if you go and buy your ENEMY's brownies, wouldn't he at least be suspicious? It sounds awfully pessimistic, but unfortunately, I don't think something very simple can overcome a long-standing antagonism. Which is where the law makes more sense. If you save his life, he will OWE you. And then it might be easier to overcome the years of hatred.
January 29, 2009 at 6:57 AM
Anonymous said...
When I read the law's title, I thought of the Qin Dynasty and the secret to its success. During the warring states period, China was fragmented into different states that waged war with one another to become the superior state. Qin was one of those states. Shang Yang, the Qin ruler, won the war. During Shang Yang's rule, he implemented a lot of policies. But the secret to his dynasty's survival for a few years was his recruitment of 'enemies'. Whenever he heard of prominent figures from the other states, he thought of how they would benefit his dynasty. And when he realizes the benefits that person might bring, he recruits them to work for his state.
This is an example of using your enemy. An enemy knows your weaknesses. As they say, if you want a blunt opinion, ask an enemy, not a friend. For they would tell you things which your friends might not have the courage to tell you.
Thus, their knowledge might make you realize your weaknesses and you might be given a chance to remedy them.
Monica Copuyoc
Hi18 - L
January 29, 2009 at 9:50 AM
Anonymous said...
I also think that if we can't even trust our friends, we have no one to trust in this world. However, it is true that we have to choose whom to trust. I think a friend who can be at your side at all times, and who can be loyal to you whatever happens, is really valuable, and at the same time hard to find. Learning how to use enemies can also be a good strategy but I prefer choosing a good friend and putting my trust on her.
Yu Chin Hong
Hi18-K
January 29, 2009 at 10:32 AM
Anonymous said...
never put too much in friends?
Hmm. I believe in that. (I like having friends and lots of them. haha the irony) I think it is because your friends know who you are, your strengths and weaknesses that's why when you get into a fight it'll be difficult because they know everything about you. WE should just be careful of what we tell our friends. However, this law can only be applicable to a person's closest friends.
I agree that ENEMIES make us strive for something greater. Like what happened with Scipio and Hannibal. They were enemies. Scipio strove hard and watched Hannibal and learned his strategies. Hannibal made him stronger and smarter. Scipio "used" and copied Hannibal's tactics. In the end, he defeated Hannibal's troops. Scipio became famous for his victory over Hannibal at Cannae. He learned how to use his enemy.
Clarice Manuel
Hi 18 K
January 29, 2009 at 9:17 PM
Anonymous said...
Rome used Hannibal’s tactics against them constructively. Hannibal scared Rome and shook their whole system; this eventually made Rome powerful, conquering across the Mediterranean.
Enemies challenge us which gives us the determination to rise above them. It is human to want to succeed and using enemies for our motivation can give us that sharp advantage over them.
Mara Liboro
January 29, 2009 at 10:03 PM
Anonymous said...
*Mara Liboro
Hi18-K
January 29, 2009 at 10:04 PM
danaceline said...
What are the chances of a friend betraying you? Just because there is that small possibility doesn't mean you should be doubtful of all your friends. You wouldn't want to watch every step of people as if they're all out to get you, would you? it's not worth it. In fact, i think that considering someone as a friend means putting all your trust in that person. But in the kind of world we're in, people would choose to keep their guards up to be safe, but personally, i'd rather let my guard down and think that i have no reason to doubt my friends.
Dana Cammayo
Hi18-L
January 30, 2009 at 1:12 AM
Anonymous said...
I think this law creates a balance of things. Our loyalties should always be neutral, regardless of the state of affairs between your peers and bitter enemies. We should always be in our toes, and we shouldn't let both friends and enemies get an advantage over you. Use your power to subdue them both.
Alan Ortiz
HI18 K
January 30, 2009 at 6:17 AM
Anonymous said...
it's why you should keep your friends close and your enemies closer... haha... It's as simple as that... Not that you should be paranoid and think that everyone is out to get you, but be aware that things can always turn out this way or that and you can at least try to prepare for it...
Gail Lim
Hi 18-K
January 30, 2009 at 6:52 AM
sambau said...
@kyra
That's a good point. That is basically the flaw of this law: in essence, you don't trust anyone. But that is not power. Sure, you may have control over the masses and whatnot, but what's the point if you're all alone? You might be surrounded by minions but you're still alone. And that sucks. That's no way to live life, no matter how powerful you get.
January 30, 2009 at 6:55 AM
sambau said...
@bea o
That Lincoln quote is getting famous I see. He was a great man and that was a brilliant quote.
Moving on... You're right, Bea. I really doubt your true friends will so easily betray you in the face of power. I think former enemies are more likely to do so. But you have to know them pretty well too. You can't just give out your deepest darkest secrets... How painful would it be if someone you trust would betray you at the snap of your fingers? Being untrusting is not at all a good thing, but neither is trusting too much.
January 30, 2009 at 7:08 AM
Sean said...
There is a saying. The friend of my friend is my friend and the enemy of my enemy is my friend. Scipio did the exact same thing against Hannibal. He defeated the Carthaginian army and created allies that were once his enemies. The result was that he was able to defeat Hannibal Barker at the battle at Zama. He knew how to turn his former enemies into friends and use their new friends against their enemies.
Sean Co
Hi 18 K
January 30, 2009 at 7:10 AM
sambau said...
@leng:
Now that I think about it, Adler makes a good point. This law is all about striving for superiority, striving for power. Striving for success is a different story. But things go the other way as well. If you strive for success, you don't need this law. Or any other law for that matter. You'd be content and probably well on your way to a happy life.
The other thing you said is also true. Here's the thing. If all of your relationships are lies, then your life is a lie. And would such a life be worth living, even with all the power in the world?
January 30, 2009 at 8:01 AM
sambau said...
@miguel and chio
You know, the thing is you can't live without trusting anyone either. I think Chio said it pretty well, you can't completely trust anyone. Doesn't mean you shouldn't trust anyone at all.
About keeping your friends close and your enemies closer, I think there's a huge risk in that. Let them get too close and they might use you, or worse. It's all about being careful, not necessarily with who you pick to be your friends, but how much they can be trusted.
January 30, 2009 at 8:08 AM
Anonymous said...
in war, i guess it just makes sense that it's safer and easier to actively do something yourself and use your enemies rather than depend on someone, even if they are indeed your friends or allies. in trusting someone, you are making yourself vulnerable and are obviously putting yourself at risk. so.. in war, i get how this law makes sense if you really want to stay on the safe side and minimize any risk.
in terms of friendship though and outside the context of war, geez. like most of the others have already said, what kind of friendship or view on friendship is that if you can't trust anyone, including your friends?
kristina tan hi18 k
January 30, 2009 at 8:11 AM
Anonymous said...
Although friends could betray you, I personally believe that it's better to trust than not to have trust at all (wahaha). Anyway, like Marion said, friendship makes you vulnerable since you reveal yourself to other people. If you don't make yourself vulnerable, how could you ever learn to trust people? I don't want to end up isolating myself and being paranoid for the rest of my life. Despite the chances of betrayal, I'd gladly take the risk.
PC Magnaye, Hi18-K
January 30, 2009 at 8:27 AM
Anonymous said...
This law could be faulty at certain points. When one fails to put trust in their friends, they often find themselves being alone. However, it is important not to realy on them completely. People oftne fend for themselves rather than catering to the needs of others.
This reminded me of a saying that goes "keep your friends close and your enemies closer". This could be seen in this law. By focusing more on your enemy rather than your friends, you could see how they move and perform. This would give you an advantage with respects to manipulating them for power.
Richard Hahn
L
January 30, 2009 at 8:48 PM
Anonymous said...
Yes, it is true that some people are using you to attain their goal in the name of "friends". They are not true to you and trusting too much in these friends are really dangerous, may be more dangerous than doing so to your enemy.
However, watching out all the people around you who seem to be against you is very wasting and worthless. In this sense, I agree with Dana.
Friends are there to be trusted. True friends, which can be really hard to find, are the ones who can guide you to the right step.
January 30, 2009 at 9:21 PM
Anonymous said...
Yes, it is true that some people are using you to attain their goal in the name of "friends". They are not true to you and trusting too much in these friends are really dangerous, may be more dangerous than doing so to your enemy.
However, watching out all the people around you who seem to be against you is very wasting and worthless. In this sense, I agree with Dana.
Friends are there to be trusted. True friends, which can be really hard to find, are the ones who can guide you to the right step.
Hae In Lee
Hi18 K
January 30, 2009 at 9:22 PM
Anonymous said...
I agree with this law actually, but aren't enemies still enemies, in the same way when a wild dog is given a bone, it would only offer a temporary respite. The wild dog is still a wild dog, too, after all, and once the reason to ally with you is gone, one way or another, he or she will bite you in the ass when you least expect it.
Filbert Tan
Hi18-K
January 30, 2009 at 10:04 PM
Unknown said...
i agree. trust, indeed, is an essential factor to a good relationship. however, one cannot always totally submit their trust as that would leave them vulnerable to attack. in a dog-eat-dog world, you should always anticipate that the moment you open your doors fully, someone is bound to take advantage, in your expense.
-Angelo Mendoza, His18-L
January 31, 2009 at 2:43 AM
Anonymous said...
I think this is a law about trust. Well, actually, it is more appropriate to call it a law about distrust. You can never be too sure that your present friends will not become your future enemies; you can never be too sure that your enemies cannot be your future friends; and you can never be certain that enemies who turned to friends can’t return to being your enemies.
You can’t fully trust anybody so you have to know them and take the opportunity of using them if circumstances allow it.
Lucky are those who actually find true friends, and I think those in power are far from lucky.
Chris Macalinao
Hi18 – L
January 31, 2009 at 6:45 AM
Anonymous said...
This law may seem a little cruel. It’s very manipulative, and asks that you don’t put absolute trust in anyone. In reality any one can betray you. This made me think of alliances. Following this law’s line of thought, how is it that people can form agreements with other nations, when they can actually betray them at any moment?
Paolo Banaga
Hi 18-L
January 31, 2009 at 6:57 AM
Anonymous said...
people are fearful, desperate creatures by nature. if you're powerful, it's best to keep your allies in need of what you give them. if you don't trust your friends you trust in human nature. but i agree with marion. trying too hard to become powerful leaves you friendless. friends are equals, and the very nature of power and friendship make them incompatible. if you're not in an actual war, you really shouldn't think like you are. Loo, what are you doing here? tska bakit di ka nagcomment sakin???
Du, L
January 31, 2009 at 7:33 AM
Serica Chua Rojas said...
After reading this, I am saddened by the fact that no matter how strong your relationship is with someone, there is no eternal guarantee that your friend won't turn his back on you.
I think this law is somehow connected with law 19 (know who you're dealting with - do not offend the wrong person), in which I also relate it with the famous saying that goes: "Keep your friends close, but keep your enemies closer."
I like the idea that you can actually use your enemies to your advantage. I think that no matter how bad your relationship is with an enemy, there's also a chance for the 2 of you to actually reconcile and do something remotely fruitful. I used to be part of our cheer dance team in school. And when we had this huge competition once, our batch got into a huge fight with this older batch. So what the head of school decided to do was to thrust both of our teams into a scary situation, in which our sole salvation would be to put aside our differences and work together as a team to beat our common enemy. And it actually turned out to be a good thing, because we ended up being good friends with them.
Chua Rojas, Serica
Hi 18 - L
January 31, 2009 at 8:46 PM
Anonymous said...
@ Dana-- I agree that it isn't good or healthy to always second guess your friends' intentions. Friendship should be based on trust and commitment.
I'm puzzled a bit by this law because to me a friend and an enemy are two very different people. I think that it is both true that you should never put too much trust in friends and you must also learn to use enemies, but I don't think that these two are related. I think that one should have a good balance of friends and enemies as to better one's interactions with different sorts of people and learn to utilize the different relationships you have with them to your benefit.
Regina A. Yulo
Hi 18 L
February 2, 2009 at 7:51 PM
Anonymous said...
I agree 100% with this chapter. You're friends are the first to stab you behind your back. Gossip and smile when they meet you.
Give them a chance and they all over your woman - but then again, if your woman lets any friend do that, she's trash anyway.
Watch it with your friends. Many don't see it yet, as they not up there with money, wealth, fame etc.
But the day fame starts to come to you, wealth, the jealous begins, envy begins.
Watch those lottery videos on youtube and you'll see exactly what I mean on how friends start to turn on you or try to get money off you with their tricks and lies.
People too naive or they know this is true but don't want to admit. The other side of the scale is denial.
Many are in denial of who they truly are and their true masks they hide.
July 18, 2012 at 7:37 PM
Anonymous said...
I was thinking that true friendships is that for over a few decades but i was wrong real friendship is how much you let people digging into your private life that means if you dont have money you talk to much i am in the problem i did not pay my bills i have problems at home and you are desperate.But when you have money you can build your own wall around you and selecting people around you so what ever anyone says no money no real live all others is a fairytail
April 3, 2015 at 7:00 AM
Laws of power said...
These are some great tips. For those who could use some more specific advice, tips and information about great article thanks for posting.
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http://48842902.weebly.com/-public-response.html | Public Response - The Jungle: Exposing the Wild Side of American Industry | The Public Response
The Public Response | Public Response - The Jungle: Exposing the Wild Side of American Industry
The Public Response
"The Jungle was fiction, but based on such truth that it was a wake-up call to those who had no idea how gruesome and unhealthy the meatpacking industry was, and a welcome literary piece to those who were aware of such conditions, but waiting for someone to fully expose them." - interview with Professor Lori Flores
"Within months, the aroused -- and gagging -- public demanded sweeping reforms in the meat industry." - capitalcentury.com
This picture shows a vandalized window of the Armour Meatpacking Plant. People were outraged at the slaughtering that had been taking place right under their noses for so long (flickr.com).
"The charges made by Mr. Upton Sinclair against the beef packers methods, put into his novel, but vouched by him to be true, have been examined by two most admirable men selected by the President, and to the surprise of many people the muck rake is vindicated." - The Independent, "an editorial that lent support to the accurate portrayal of Chicago's meatpacking industry in Upton Sinclair's novel, pointing out that independent investigations found similar conditions."
"Unlike the historical significance attributed to the novel, the book was largely a discussion of social and economic disparity in the United States and Sinclair's main objective was a call to the public for a transfer to communist ideals. As such, the President was impressed by Sinclair's allegations and sought to seek the facts of the meat packing industry through his own resources. Roosevelt sent the Labor Commissioner, Charles Neill, and James Reynolds, a social worker to inspect the meat packing plants. The Neill-Reynolds Report largely confirmed all of the allegations insinuated by Sinclair's novel." - federal.laws.com, - photo from dipity.com
"'The question is,' says The Independent reviewer, 'how seriously shall we take this story of life in the packing house district of Chicago?' That seems to be the question with a great many people. For the past year, ever since the story began appearing serially, I have been receiving half a dozen letters a day asking it; so that if a public answer serves no other purpose, it will at least help to lighten the burden of my mail." - The Independent
Sinclair asserted that life in Packingtown was as he described it in The Jungle and assured his readers that although the family he depicted in his book was fictional, the details and attitudes of his characters were true to life.
The cartoon above displays the public's' reaction after reading or hearing of the horrors in Sinclair's novel. People believed that eating canned meat now posed serious threats to their lives.
"When 'The Jungle' was published, the public reaction was instantaneous. Outraged readers deluged President Theodore Roosevelt with letters. Roosevelt was ambivalent, but he invited Sinclair to the White House for lunch, and promised to send his labor commissioner and assistant Treasury secretary to Chicago to investigate." - from the NY Times "100 Years Later, the Food Industry Is Still ‘The Jungle’" by Adam Cohen
- U.S.D.A Documentary, 1946
"Sinclair intended to spark an outrage for the inhumane working conditions, but all he got was 'a revolution among consumers instead'”
- Hitchens 104" Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle Failed to Deliver It's Socialist Message"
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http://48842902.weebly.com/meat-inspection-act.html | Meat Inspection Act - The Jungle: Exposing the Wild Side of American Industry | The Meat Inspection Act
The Meat Inspection Act | Meat Inspection Act - The Jungle: Exposing the Wild Side of American Industry
The Meat Inspection Act
"President Theodore Roosevelt was sickened after reading an advance copy. He called upon Congress to pass a law establishing the Food and Drug Administration and, for the first time, setting up federal inspection standards for meat ." -www.capitalcentury.com
- Discovery Education
"The Federal Meat Inspection Act impacts the inspection procedures, and also the American public which consumes the meat on a daily basis. The FMIA requires inspection of livestock before slaughter, and specific inspection instructions for the livestock postmortem. The Act also set a standard of absolutely necessary sanitary expectations and “allowed the USDA to issue grants of inspection and monitor slaughter and processing operations, enabling the Department to enforce food safety regulatory requirements.” - "Upton Sinclair's The Jungle: The Legal and Social Impacts of a Classic Novel" by Ashley McIntyre
Political cartoon expressing the disgust with the meatpacking industry after "The Jungle" was read by the public.
"Roosevelt overcame meat-packer opposition and pushed through the Meat Inspection Act of 1906. The law authorized inspectors from the U.S. Department of Agriculture to stop any bad or mislabeled meat from entering interstate and foreign commerce. This law greatly expanded federal government regulation of private enterprise. The meat packers, however, won a provision in the law requiring federal government rather than the companies to pay for the inspection.
-U.S.D.A Documentary, 1946
Passage of the Meat Inspection Act opened the way for Congress to approve a long-blocked law to regulate the sale of most other foods and drugs. For over 20 years, Harvey W. Wiley, chief chemist at the Department of Agriculture, had led a "pure food crusade." He and his "Poison Squad" had tested chemicals added to preserve foods and found many were dangerous to human health. The uproar over The Jungle revived Wiley's lobbying efforts in Congress for federal food and drug regulation."
- Constitutional Rights Foundation
Certain material that was deemed important is underlined in red.
"The original 1906 Act authorized the Secretary of Agriculture to inspect and condemn any meat product found unfit for human consumption. Unlike previous laws ordering meat inspections, which were enforced to keep European nations from banning pork trade, this law was strongly motivated to protect the American diet. All labels on any type of food had to be accurate (although not all ingredients were provided on the label). The law was partly a response to the publication of Upton Sinclair's The Jungle, an exposé of the Chicago meat packing industry, as well as to other Progressive Era muckraking publications." - http://crywolfproject.org
-U.S.D.A Documentary, 1946
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http://489.extensionfile.net/ | Open 489 File | Open 489 File
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These file extensions are also beneficial for us. By simply looking at the filename, we can determine what type of information is stored to that and what applications can open these files. Have you noticed that when your computer acquires an unknown file, it will ask your permission to look for associated program to open it or look for these programs over the Internet? Yes! These file extensions make the work of the computer easy. Once there is no application associated with the file, then the computer will immediately ask the users assistance to help look for the source files.
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File extensions help computers locate correct application for specific files. Operating systems will not look into the content of the files to be opened, but instead, it will immediately locate the file extension of the file and locate for associated application that can open 49 files. This helps the computer to organize its functions and work much faster. Most operating systems (Windows) require the use of file extensions, but others do not (Unix).
These file extensions are also beneficial for us. By simply looking at the filename, we can determine what type of information is stored to that and what applications can open these files. Have you noticed that when your computer acquires an unknown file, it will ask your permission to look for associated program to open it or look for these programs over the Internet? Yes! These file extensions make the work of the computer easy. Once there is no application associated with the file, then the computer will immediately ask the users assistance to help look for the source files.
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http://4943415.weebly.talkiforum.com/20100817/bach-vs-handel-differences-106670/ | Bach vs Handel Differences | Bach vs Handel Differences
Bach vs Handel Differences | Bach vs Handel Differences
Bach vs Handel Differences
posted Aug 17, 2010 08:32:39 by Elmasaki
Post the differences between Bach and Handel here. This can be about almost anything but try to keep it on the topic of music, musical influences, and things like that.
page 1
4 replies
kaitlynfujihara said Sep 24, 2010 06:23:28
1. Handel's father disapprove of music, whereas Bach was born into a musical family.
2. Handel went to a university to study law before becoming a composer, whereas Bach was always a musician.
3. Handel did not compose as many pieces as Bach. At one point in Bach's life he was forced to write at least one cantata a week.
4. Handel's work focused on operas and concertos and cantatas for mixed instruments.
5. Bach's work was more widespread, he wrote lots of keyboard/organ pieces, solos, duos/trios, vocal works, canons, concertos, etc.
6. Unlike Handel, Bach left behind three important contributions to music: tempered tuning, the art of fugue, and unaccompanied works for violin and cello.
6. However, Bach did not write operas.
7. Bach wrote primarily for the church.
8. Bach preferred instrumentals while Handel preferred vocals.
9. Bach was polyphonic (because of the fugue) and Handel was more homophonic.
10. Bach used a developed theme, while Handel used sequences.
11. Handel lived most of his life in England so his music reflect the English style, whereas Bach had the German style of writing music which was more complex.
12. Handel was a master of the harpsichord and the violin, while Bach was a master at the organ. However, they would both use organs to compose.
13. It is arguable that some of Handel's music can be considered early classical because apparently the Baroque period ended with the death of Bach in 1750, however, Handel did not die until 1759, and he was composing even though he was blind.
14. Handel was more well known at the time "By 1706, Handel was well known for his musical skills in Venice, Florence, and Rome." Whereas Bach wasn't appreciated until Mozart and Beethoven studied his works.
15. Bach wrote two books called the "Well Tempered Clavier", each consisting of 24 preludes and fugues. He proved that this method of tuning was very effective. Handel never wrote a book about tuning concepts.
16. Handel composed some festival pieces that were meant to be played outdoors, whereas Bach composed more chamber pieces (serious pieces).
AnnaOn said Oct 07, 2010 08:29:23
1) Bach never traveled while Handel traveled a lot.
2) Handel preferred vocal pieces than instrumental, unlike Bach.
3) Bach's music is more complex and Handel uses more simplicity to express the ideas in his pieces.
4) Handel was an extrovert and Bach was an introvert.
TiffanyYesavage said May 02, 2013 20:46:53
1) Handel is music that you can listen to when you are in a good mood, and it will put you in an even better mood. With a few exceptions, Bach doesn't really lift your mood
2) Handel is morning music, Bach plays better at night.
3) Bach's music plays well in the middle of winter, Handel is summer music
4) Handel's music is more passionate, while Bach is restrained.
5) Handel's music appeals more readily to most listeners, while Bach may take dozens and dozens of listenings to figure out what is going on
6) Handel's music has a more modern quality. Some of his arias almost sound as though they could have been written by Mozart or even Verdi. Bach is very Baroque.
7) Trying to play Bach with an overly modern approach ruins it completely. It becomes weak and sickly sounding rather than masculine, as it should sound. There is more freedom to play around with Handel.
8) Handel's music has a "gay" quality to it. Androgyny is an inherent part of it. Not so with Bach.
9) Beethoven copied the entire score of Messiah down by hand so as not to miss a single note. He referred to Handel as the greatest composer who ever lived. Mozart seemed to prefer Bach.
9) Handel achieves higher highs than Bach. Bach has some extraordinary arias in the Saint Matthew Passion and the Goldberg Variations are magnificent, but none of them can compare with the five greatest choruses from Messiah.
Gene Heim said Jul 30, 2014 03:13:11
1) Bach's fame during his lifetime was his ability to improvise. He could perform for HOURS making very complex works. Few knew his compositions. Handel's fame came from his performances and compositions.
2) Bach worked for a select number of people - Royalty, Universities or local Governments. His last post was as a teacher and church composer. Handel had Royal commissions but mostly supported himself by composing for the Public. Handel worked for everyone.
3) Bach's compositions became famous long after his death. Far more powerful were Bach's many students who spread his ideas throughout Germany. Handel was known for his compositions during his own lifetime.
4) Bach was adamant about teaching music theory from "The Root up". Bach wrote many "teaching" pieces that are still as fresh today and are darned hard to play. Handel wrote NO teaching pieces though his works are excellent guides of composition. Handel did instruct some Patrons in music.
5) Some of Bach's most famous works were attempts to get better work - the Brandenburg Concerti and Mass in B Minor for example. Bach also wrote "puzzle works" like the Art of Fugue or the Musical Offering. Handel's most famous works were successes in obtaining a living. As far as I know Handel never wrote something for any other reason than to offer it to the public for their enjoyment or to please a patron.
6) Bach wrote a Cantata about Coffee. One of Handel's most famous Arias, "Umbra Mai Fu" from the Opera Serse, is about a tree and its shade.
7) Neither used keyboards to compose Music. Bach scorned persons who used keyboards to compose as "Knights of the Keyboard". Handel would sit at the table and cry while writing down music. Both men re-wrote and edited extensively. Great works are not written but re-written.
8) Bach had 21 children. All of his descendants live in the United States (through a daughter of his son William Frederick). Handel never married and has no known descendants.
9) Bach's works can be intensely emotional - St. Matthew's Passion and the Mass in b minor are fine examples. Bach "sneaks up on you" and blindsides you. Each and every time from a different direction. Handel wrote very skilled counterpoint that is quite intellectual while being intensely emotional. Handel reaches in and grabs your heart.
10) Bach beat Marchand in Dresden by default. Bach wanted to learn from Marchand and was "disappointed" he'd left town before the contest Handel beat Scarlatti Jr in Italy "head to head".
11) Bach's music has a strange quality when played. It does things to your head, it's hard to describe but is mildly shocking. Handel's music is easy to play but listening to it does things to your head.
12) Mitzler's Musical Society offered its first membership to Bach. Bach turned it down because he wanted to be member 14 (the letters B-A-C-H add to 14). Handel was a member. Mozart turned down a membership in this society.
13) Every voice of a Bach composition "stands on its own" as a fine tune. This is unusual and special for Baroque music. Handel's music sounds best when it played altogether though he has some really catchy melodies too (the theme for the Alleluia chorus is a good example).
14) Bach's family helped him with Copying out scores. There is some suspicion that his wife Anna Magdelina did more than copy music, that she might have contributed to composition or arrangement. Before she married Bach she was a professional Soprano. Given Bach's intense desire to teach and impart musical knowledge he probably did recruit her and respected her contributions to works attributed to him. Handel hired professional copyists for his work.
Both were masters at their work and at least one respected the other. Bach is alleged to have said, "I would have liked to have been Handel if I were not Bach". Mozart said, "I feel the same way as Bach". We will probably never know how Handel felt about Bach though I believe that Handel did know about Bach. Bach's fame in Dresden was far too large for Handel to ignore. My best guess is that Handel felt that Bach had nothing to offer him and that he needed to focus on his business. To me that was Handel's loss as he might have learned a thing or two from the little Kantor from Leipzig.
Our Roman friends said, "In matters of taste there can be no dispute". To me that's the final word on which one is better. Their works are so complex and demanding that it's just not fair to directly compare them. Better to appreciate them. | msmarco_doc_00_25980593 |
http://49817097.weebly.com/steamboat.html | Steamboat - Robert Fulton | Steamboat
Steamboat | Steamboat - Robert Fulton
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Robert Fulton's steamboat was a turning point, transporting people, materials and goods easier and faster than before. The steamboat increased exploration and settlement in America by opening up two-way river travel. It played a key role in the American industrial revolution.
Fulton began "experiments with a view to discover the principles on which boats or vessels should be propelled through the water by the power of steam engines." ( Robert Fulton 1802) Fulton built the North River Steamboat, later known as the Clermont, when he returned to America. People thought it was a crazy idea because it was so different from sailing ships. The noisy boat looked like a rectangle with paddlewheels and smokestacks. Many thought it would explode and called it Fulton's Folly.
Fulton's First steamboat Sketch 1793
Fulton's French Steamboat Sketch 1802
The North River Plans - Hudson 100 Year Celebration.
In 1807, Fulton successfully launched the North River. The ship traveled from New York City to Albany in 32 hours. The trip took sailing ships four days. This trip made Fulton famous.
"The power of propelling boats by steam is now fully proved."
Robert Fulton 1807
Not everyone was happy. Fulton used a monopoly on the Hudson to prevent competition. Sailing ship owners lost business and tried to destroy the steamboat by ramming it.
Fulton built "New Orleans", a turning point in Mississippi River travel when it became the first steamboat to travel from Pittsburgh to New Orleans. Hundreds of steamboats would follow. "It will give a cheap and quick conveyance to merchandise on the Mississippi, Missouri, and other great rivers, which are now laying open their treasures to the enterprise of our countrymen" (Robert Fulton 1807). Fulton used other steamboats as ferries.
Engraving of Fulton's New Orleans c. 1811
Steamship c1870
Steam-powered boats soon crossed the ocean.
"By 1870, more than 90 percent of immigrants to America arrived by steamship."
("On the Water Exhibition" Smithsonian Institute 2012)
“ Henry Ford did not invent the automobile; Samuel Morse did not invent the telegraph; nor did Robert Fulton invent the steamship. But like Morse and Ford after him, Fulton used his insight and energy to turn a challenge of engineering into a large scale commercial success, thereby transforming the world.” ( Inventor of the Week June 2000)
Submarine
Steam Warship
| msmarco_doc_00_25989597 |
http://49cfrpart26.com/ | 49 CFR Part 26 Software |
EBO 49 CFR Part 26 Software
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What is 49 CFR Part 26?
49 CFR Part 26:
Compliance
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Internet Government Solutions
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EBO 49 CFR Part 26 Software
EBO Software:
EBO Software is an award-winning 49 CFR Part 26 administration and reporting platform. EBO was developed for the Internet and features the robust tools needed to manage a complete Government Compliance and Civil Rights program. By incorporating input from Government users and especially Contractors over the years, EBO continues to meet or exceed expectations of all users.
The typical EBO installation supports over 1,000 users and tracks billions of dollars and millions of payrolls, including one of the top 3 largest state Departments Of Transportation in the country.
What is 49 CFR Part 26?
49 CFR Part 26:
Title 49 of the CFR, or Code of Federal Regulations, regulates transportation. Section 26 seeks to ensure nondiscrimination in the award and administration of Department of Transportation (DOT) contracts in the highway, transit, and airport financial assistance programs. 49 CFR part 26 is focused on participation of Disadvantaged Business Enterprises, or DBEs. You may be required to adhere to 49 CFR part 26 if you receive any of the following types of department of transportation funds:
Federal-aid highway funds
Federal transit funds
Airport funds
Compliance
Compliance:
The Equitable Business Opportunity Solution (EBO) Contract Compliance enforces 49 CFR Part 26, Commitments to Attainments, Good Faith Efforts, Subcontractor Approvals and D/M/WBE Work Item Acknowledgements, Labor Affidavits, and continuous monitoring tools to aid in meeting Contract goals. Monitoring tools include Reports and Graphs with drill down and download capabilities to meet ARRA/National Review Team Audits.
Internet Government Solutions
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Email: sales@ebopportunities.com
EBO Training Login | msmarco_doc_00_25992375 |
http://49ers.savesantaclara.org/Denise_Debartolo_York.php | Denise Debartolo York - San Francisco 49ers owner | Gideon Yu - New Face of the San Francisco 49ers in Silicon Valley?
San Francisco 49ers Owner - Denise Debartolo York
Who is the owner of the San Francisco 49ers?
Gideon Yu - New Face of the San Francisco 49ers in Silicon Valley?
Who is Right - The Real Estate Magnate or the Stadium Five?
John and John Edward "Jed" York
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Denise Debartolo York
San Francisco 49ers Owner - Denise Debartolo York
The owner of the San Francisco 49ers NFL football team is Denise Debartolo York. An Ohio resident, she got control of the team in 2000 as a result of a settlement related to the legal problems of her brother Eddie Debartolo Jr. (who was convicted of a crime in Louisiana) and lawsuits within the family. Both she and her brother acquired their immense wealth through inheriting the real estate fortune of their father - Eddie Debartolo Sr (who purchased the San Francisco 49ers in 1977 and gave it to his son).
In 2009, Forbes magazine estimated her wealth at 900 million dollars, saying that one of her major real estate holdings had recently dropped in value 30%.
Although she inherited a fortune from a father who's business was real estate, and while she continues to have the majority of her massive fortune as real estate holdings, there is one type of real estate that Ms. York is unwilling to own - a Santa Clara San Francisco 49ers football stadium .
Who is the owner of the San Francisco 49ers?
Owner
Percentage
Value as of 2/2012
Denise Debartolo York
99%
$841.5 million
Gideon Yu
1%
$8.5 million
Gideon Yu - New Face of the San Francisco 49ers in Silicon Valley?
On February 10, 2012, the San Francisco Examiner reported that Gideon Yu had purchased a portion of the San Francisco 49ers. Yu was also promoted from Chief Strategy Officer (a position he attained in April of 2011) for the San Francisco 49ers, to President. Although the terms of the deal were not given by the 49ers, NFL sources told the newspaper that the amount was 1% of the team for $8.5 million, and that Yu can buy up to five percent of the team in the future. While this only gives Yu - a Korean immigrant turned Silicon Valley millionaire (Yahoo, Facebook, YouTube) - a token ownership of the team, it will no doubt help team marketing in Santa Clara County where Internet millionaires abound and 50% of the households speak a language other than English at home. Yu and the 49ers are now free to refer to him as "co-owner" (as the headline from the San Francisco Examiner does), leaving out the fact that it is only a very minor 1% stake. In fact, it is possible that the "co" will be dropped in the future, as has happened with other professional sports team minority owners such as Al Davis, who did not own a majority of the Oakland Raiders until 2005 but was referred to as the "Raiders owner" for decades.
Who is Right - The Real Estate Magnate or the Stadium Five?
Denise Debartolo York is from a family that made their fortune in the real estate business. The vast majority of her fortune is still in real estate. Denise Debartolo York could afford to build and run an NFL football stadium on her own. The San Francisco 49ers, run by her husband John York and son Jed York, could afford to build and run an NFL football stadium on their own. But the Yorks and their financial advisors have chosen not to. In their expert opinion it is not a good investment. On the other hand, the Stadium Five is jumping up and down claiming an NFL stadium is a great investment and desperately wants the city of Santa Clara to own one. Why would the Yorks and their advisors, real estate investment professionals, think the stadium is a bad investment and yet the Stadium Five think it is a great investment - even claiming it can't fail?
Mahan
For example, Santa Clara Mayor Patricia Mahan said at the June 2, 2009 council meeting:
"I have no fears that going forward this project will be a tremendous success"
First, the Stadium Five probably don't believe that the stadium is guaranteed to make money or be a "tremendous success". They are all politicians and are used to using exaggeration and falsehood in order to convince the public to go along with what they want. Secondly, the Stadium Five are dealing with other people's money, while Denise Debartolo York is dealing with her money. So the Stadium Five can make all kinds of claims, even believing some of it, but in the end they won't lose a penny of their own money if what they are saying is untrue. They are spending the money of the taxpayers of Santa Clara, of which they are only a tiny fraction. Whereas Denise Debartolo York has to make the decision based on whether she will lose her own money. A big difference and why she says owning the stadium is a bad deal while the Stadium Five says it's a great deal. And finally, politicians look at the building of a stadium as a tremendous plus on their resume - even if it loses money for the city. As long as the stadium is the site of large events - like NFL football games - they see it as something they can brag about bringing to the city.
John and John Edward "Jed" York
John and John Edward "Jed" York
Denise Debartolo York has delegated most of the business operations of the San Francisco 49ers to her husband John and son John Edward "Jed" York. | msmarco_doc_00_25994506 |
http://49s.events/lunchtime | UK 49's Lunchtime Results | UK 49's Lunchtime
UK 49's Lunchtime
Latest 10 UK 49's Lunchtime Results
UK 49's Lunchtime Draw Details
UK 49's Lunchtime is drawn on the following days
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UK 49's Lunchtime
This UK 49's Lunchtime data includes all draws up to and including Sunday 30th May 2021. Chronology is used to distinguish ties.
Related UK 49's Teatime
Latest 10 UK 49's Lunchtime Results
Draw Date:
Winning Numbers:
Draw Detail:
Sunday 30 th May 2021
7
29
40
43
45
49
4
View More Info
About This Draw ›
Saturday 29 th May 2021
12
29
33
36
37
46
32
View More Info
About This Draw ›
Friday 28 th May 2021
2
5
7
13
37
45
16
View More Info
About This Draw ›
Wednesday 26 th May 2021
8
11
12
25
28
42
16
View More Info
About This Draw ›
Tuesday 25 th May 2021
1
7
9
22
31
47
26
View More Info
About This Draw ›
Monday 24 th May 2021
15
17
24
28
33
48
37
View More Info
About This Draw ›
Sunday 23 rd May 2021
8
11
20
34
42
46
28
View More Info
About This Draw ›
Saturday 22 nd May 2021
5
30
40
44
45
47
18
View More Info
About This Draw ›
Friday 21 st May 2021
6
25
32
33
35
48
38
View More Info
About This Draw ›
Thursday 20 th May 2021
4
14
31
32
39
48
2
View More Info
About This Draw ›
UK 49's Lunchtime Draw Details
UK 49's Lunchtime is drawn on the following days
Monday
✔
Tuesday
✔
Wednesday
✔
Thursday
✔
Friday
✔
Saturday
✔
Sunday
✔ | msmarco_doc_00_26000252 |
http://49s.events/teatime | UK 49's Teatime Results | UK 49's Teatime
UK 49's Teatime
Latest 10 UK 49's Teatime Results
UK 49's Teatime Draw Details
UK 49's Teatime is drawn on the following days
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Homepage
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UK 49's Teatime
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UK 49's Teatime
This UK 49's Teatime data includes all draws up to and including Friday 14th May 2021. Chronology is used to distinguish ties.
Latest 10 UK 49's Teatime Results
Draw Date:
Winning Numbers:
Draw Detail:
Saturday 15 th May 2021
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
Today's Draw in:
01h 49m 16s
Friday 14 th May 2021
2
6
15
25
34
36
14
View More Info
About This Draw ›
Thursday 13 th May 2021
2
29
30
39
45
47
16
View More Info
About This Draw ›
Wednesday 12 th May 2021
15
19
28
35
39
44
24
View More Info
About This Draw ›
Tuesday 11 th May 2021
14
23
30
33
36
40
27
View More Info
About This Draw ›
Monday 10 th May 2021
10
14
29
35
40
48
1
View More Info
About This Draw ›
Sunday 9 th May 2021
2
7
16
33
35
45
31
View More Info
About This Draw ›
Saturday 8 th May 2021
2
16
17
26
39
49
25
View More Info
About This Draw ›
Friday 7 th May 2021
14
24
31
33
40
49
17
View More Info
About This Draw ›
Thursday 6 th May 2021
2
22
29
42
45
46
39
View More Info
About This Draw ›
Wednesday 5 th May 2021
1
3
6
14
19
34
21
View More Info
About This Draw ›
UK 49's Teatime Draw Details
UK 49's Teatime is drawn on the following days
Monday
✔
Tuesday
✔
Wednesday
✔
Thursday
✔
Friday
✔
Saturday
✔
Sunday
✔ | msmarco_doc_00_26002157 |
http://49thstreetbailbonds.com/how-does-the-bail-process-work/ | Bail Process | 24-hour Bond Office | 49th Street Bail Bonds | How Does The Bail Process Work?
How Does The Bail Process Work?
Why use a Bail Bond Company?
How does the bail bonding process work?
| Bail Process | 24-hour Bond Office | 49th Street Bail Bonds
How Does The Bail Process Work?
How Does The Bail Process Work? admin 2013-08-07T16:32:38+00:00
There are so many aspects of the bail process and most people are completely unaware of how it all works. Please call us at the 49th Street Bail Bonds Office (727-592-0000) and speak with one of our bail bond agents to clarify any questions you may have. We are the bondsman on 49th Street and we are here to help.
Once a person is arrested they are taken to the local jail for processing. The processing (booking) takes about 1-3 hours to complete. Once the booking process is complete the arrested person will have the option to stay in jail or bond out.
By staying in jail, the arrested person will be held until the case (s) are satisfied. This process usually takes more than one month and more than one court appearance. Most people choose to post their bond immediately.
To bond out of jail, you have 2 options. Pay a bond with a bail bond company or cash bail bond by paying the full amount of the bond (s) in cash. The cash bail bond option means that you will have to deliver cash to the jail. Some jails even accept credit cards.
Contact your local jail to find out their payment requirements. If you post a cash bond your money can and will be used to pay all the court fees by Florida statute. Basically you should be aware that you will not receive a refund from this transaction as your money is applied to the court costs. If a refund is available, a check will be mailed to you from the Clerk of Court usually within sixty days after the case (s) are closed. Contact the Clerk of Court regarding any refund on cash bonds.
Posting a bond with a Florida Bail Bond Agent: The bail bond agent (bail bond company) will charge you a premium or percentage of the total bond amount. In the State of Florida the bail bond fees are set by the State and are not negotiable. For any bond that is $1,000 or under will cost you $100. If a bond is greater than $1,000. then you would pay 10% of that bond. Example: one bond set at $500 will cost $100 with a bail bond company. If one bond is set at $1,500 that will cost 10% or $150 premium with a bail bond company.
If your person has multiple bonds (charges) then you must pay for each bond. Example: bonds are set at $750, 150 & 100. You will have to pay $300. $100 per bond as they each fall under $1000. 49th Street Bail Bonds can assist you with some financing (payment plan) if you can’t afford the total fees today. Usually we can start the bonding process before the booking is complete if you know what the bond amount is. Otherwise we may have to wait until the booking process is complete.
Call us now at so we can check your persons booking status.
Why use a Bail Bond Company?
When you cannot afford the total amount of a bond or you choose not to pledge all your money up front. You may decide to hire a Florida bail bondsman. Remember that if a bond is set at $5000 you could post a 10% premium with a bondsman instead of paying all of the $5000 (cash bond). What a bail bond company will do is pay the bond to the jail to secure the release. For our fee we offer extensive experience of the court and jail systems. We can make this very difficult situation quite painless for you and your family.
How does the bail bonding process work?
If you have decided to post a cash bond at the jail, contact the jail and have them tell you exactly what that particular jail requires for payment. Jail payment policies change often so call ahead first.
If you’re posting a bond at our 49th Street Bail Bonds office in Clearwater Florida, we can expedite the process if you call ahead first. It’s ok to just show up as the whole process at our Pinellas County Florida office will take about 15 minutes. A few forms have to be completed but our bail bond staff does most of the work. Once we are done, our bail bond agents will deliver the bond paperwork to the jail immediately. You do not have to do anything more.
Once the jail receives a bond:
The jail has numerous procedures to complete before a person is released from jail. This process generally takes 2-5 hours. As a rule of thumb, the bigger the jail, the longer the release process takes. You do not have to be at the jail for the release. Once the defendant is released he/she will need to stop by the 49th Street Bail Bonds office to complete the paperwork and discuss the next court date. This will take less than 5 minutes.
Court and Court dates:
Our office will provide all the court date information. Typically there is not a scheduled court date at the time of release. The clerk of the court will usually notify 49th Street Bail Bonds within 2-4 weeks for a first court date. This first court date is typically called an arraignment. This is where the defendant will plead guilty or not guilty. A guilty plea will resolve the case that day. A not guilty plea will set the case for additional court dates. A not guilty plea means you are fighting the charge. Expect your case to last for several months and require numerous court appearances. When you fight a charge you will typically need to be represented by an attorney. If you cannot afford an attorney, the court will usually appoint the Public Defender’s Office. Contact the Clerk of Court, Public Defender’s Office or your local Bar Association for additional information.
Charges without pre-set court dates:
If you are released with “To Be Notified” status or “Call of the Court” status, the Clerk of Court will notify you and our office by mail. Our bail bond office will call you the day we receive that notice. This process may take a few weeks before the first court date is set. Trust us! Our office will always notify you of court dates. Our bail bondsman will call you a few days before every court appearance. It is your obligation to keep your contact information current with our office. Also, you can always call us to obtain the latest court information. It is advised that you log into the Clerk of Court website ( www.pinellasclerk.org) to access your online file for the latest updates on your case.
Transfer Bonds:
If your person is incarcerated in a jail outside your home town we can arrange a bond to be posted practically any where in the United States. This process is called a transfer bond. We arrange all the paperwork in our office but the local bail bond company will post the bond and deal with that particular jail to ensure the defendant is released ASAP. All transfer bonds will cost additional fees beyond the normal bail bond premium. In the State of Florida we can get a transfer bond posted between $50-100 additional. Other States may cost considerably more. We have hundreds of affiliated agents throughout the United States. Call us now at to discuss your options.
Collateral:
Collateral is not always required when posting a bond through 49th Street Bail Bonds. Each and every situation is different. If collateral is required, we will hold something of value ( car title, real estate, cash, jewelry, etc) to offset any loss if the defendant fails to appear. As long as the defendant appears and the case is resolved, you will get your collateral back. A contract is considered collateral even though you haven’t given anything except your signature. We usually will only require a signature bond (release).
Signature Bonds-Signature Release/No Collateral Bonds:
This is a term that is used when you post a bond for someone without pledging additional collateral to secure the bond. A signature bond is when you will sign only a contract that you pledge to repay the bonding company if the defendant skips court (failure to appear). If they fail to appear you will come in and pay us back the total amount lost. The two standard contracts generally signed are a Promissory Note and Indemnity Agreement. See a copy of these forms here.
Federal / Immigration Bail Bonds:
If your person is being held in jail on a federal immigration case. You can still post a Federal Bond but the fee will be 15% and will require collateral. Federal bonds are very intricate. These type of cases have additional risk due to Federal guidelines. Call us at 727-592-0000 to discuss your situation.
Warrants/Warrant Checks (capias) for your arrest:
49th Street Bail Bonds has a network we can access to see if you have an outstanding warrant for your arrest. If you have an active warrant we can assist you in turning yourself in and bonding back out immediately. This process is termed a “walk thru arrest”. This process is very quick and convenient.
Jail Inmate Search:
Most County Jails are now offering inmate search information online. 49th Street Bailbonds has an extensive network of jails throughout the United States to access for current inmate information. We have listed just a few local sites to search. Call us if your county is not listed or, if you prefer our on call bail agent can assist you with your search. We can run a county jail inmate search for you. | msmarco_doc_00_26004087 |
http://4a54f0271b66873b1ef4-ddc094ae70b29d259d46aa8a44a90623.r7.cf2.rackcdn.com/assets/Uploads/avigilon-licensing-portal-user-guide-en-rev1.pdf | Avigilon Licensing Portal User Guide
Avigilon
Licensing
Portal
User
Guide
Terms
Registering
an
Account
Logging
In
Users
and
Accounts
Viewing
Users
and
Accounts
Adding
a
User
User
Type
Dealer
Admin
Role
Dealer
User
Role
End
User
Admin
Role
End
User
Role
Updating
a
User
Resetting
Your
Password
Removing
Users
Licenses
Viewing
Unactivated
Licenses
Exporting
Unactivated
Licenses
Viewing
Activated
Licenses
Advanced
License
Management
Transferring
License
Channels
Adding
Channels
to
an
Existing
License
For
More
Information
Technical
Support
Upgrades
Feedback
feedback@avigilon.com.
| Avigilon Licensing Portal User Guide
Avigilon
Licensing
Portal
User
Guide
©
2019,
Avigilon
Corporation.
All
rights
reserved.
AVIGILON
and
the
AVIGILON
logo
are
trademarks
of
Avigilon
Corporation.
Other
names
or
logos
mentioned
herein
may
be
the
trademarks
of
their
respective
owners.
The
absence
of
the
symbols
™
and
®
in
proximity
to
each
trademark
in
this
document
or
at
all
is
not
a
disclaimer
of
ownership
of
the
related
trademark.
Avigilon
Corporation
protects
its
innovations
with
patents
issued
in
the
United
States
of
America
and
other
jurisdictions
worldwide
(see
avigilon.com/patents).
Unless
stated
explicitly
and
in
writing,
no
license
is
granted
with
respect
to
any
copyright,
industrial
design,
trademark,
patent
or
other
intellectual
property
rights
of
Avigilon
Corporation
or
its
licensors.
This
document
has
been
compiled
and
published
using
product
descriptions
and
specifications
available
at
the
time
of
publication.
The
contents
of
this
document
and
the
specifications
of
the
products
discussed
herein
are
subject
to
change
without
notice.
Avigilon
Corporation
reserves
the
right
to
make
any
such
changes
without
notice.
Neither
Avigilon
Corporation
nor
any
of
its
affiliated
companies:
(1)
guarantees
the
completeness
or
accuracy
of
the
information
contained
in
this
document;
or
(2)
is
responsible
for
your
use
of,
or
reliance
on,
the
information.
Avigilon
Corporation
shall
not
be
responsible
for
any
losses
or
damages
(including
consequential
damages)
caused
by
reliance
on
the
information
presented
herein.
Avigilon
Corporation
avigilon.com
PDF-LICSRV-A
Revision:
1
-
EN
20190527
Introduction
Whether
you
are
an
Avigilon
partner
or
customer,
you
can
use
the
Avigilon
Licensing
Portal
to
view
and
manage
your
licenses.
Terms
In
the
Avigilon
Licensing
Portal,
each
sales
order
is
called
an
Entitlement,
with
a
unique
Entitlement
ID.
Each
line
item
in
the
sales
order
corresponds
to
an
Entitlement
Line
Item,
with
a
unique
Activation
ID.
The
Activation
ID
is
the
same
as
the
product
key
needed
to
activate
a
license.
Once
licenses
are
activated,
they
will
appear
as
a
Device
with
an
ID
and
will
no
longer
appear
as
an
Entitlement
Line
Item.
The
following
table
describes
how
sales
orders,
line
items
(unactivated
licenses),
and
activated
licenses
are
referred
to
in
the
Avigilon
Licensing
Portal.
Avigilon
Licensing
Portal
Term
Avigilon
Licensing
Portal
ID
Sales
order
Entitlement
Entitlement
ID
Line
item
(unactivated
license)
Entitlement
Line
Item
Activation
ID
Activated
license
Device
ID
Registering
an
Account
If
you
are
the
Technical
Contact
for
your
organization:
1.
Submit
a
request
to
Avigilon
Order
Management
for
access
to
the
Avigilon
Licensing
Portal.
2.
You
will
receive
an
email
invitation.
Follow
the
instructions
to
complete
your
registration.
Once
registered,
you
can
create
user
accounts
for
other
members
of
your
organization.
See
Users
and
Accounts
on
the
next
page.
Logging
In
1.
Go
to
licensing.avigilon.com.
2.
Enter
your
Email
and
Password.
3.
Click
Login.
Introduction
1
Users
and
Accounts
All
users
are
assigned
to
an
Account.
The
Account
is
your
partner
or
customer
organization.
There
are
regular
users
and
administrators.
Regular
users
can
view
and
manage
licenses,
and
activate
licenses
for
offline
installations.
Administrators
can
create
and
manage
users
in
addition
to
license
management.
Partners
can
also
view
and
manage
their
customer's
licenses.
Viewing
Users
and
Accounts
Partners
can
view
users
in
their
account,
as
well
as
their
customer's
accounts.
Customers
can
only
view
users
in
their
account.
To
view
users
in
your
account,
click
List
users.
(Partners
only)
To
view
your
customer
accounts,
click
List
related
accounts.
If
a
customer
does
not
have
an
account,
contact
Avigilon
Order
Management.
(Partners
only)
To
view
users
in
your
customer
accounts,
click
List
related
users.
Adding
a
User
Add
users
to
view
and
Note:
manage
You
licenses
cannot
in
the
edit
Avigilon
the
Licensing
Email
Address
Portal.
after
the
next
step.
1.
In
the
side
menu,
click
List
users.
2.
Select
Actions
>
Create.
3.
Enter
the
user
information
and
contact
details.
User
Type
Dealer
Admin
Role
Dealer
User
Role
Customer
Administrator
—
—
Customer
User
End
User
Admin
Role
End
User
Role
—
—
—
7.
Click
OK.
An
email
invitation
is
sent
to
the
new
user.
Updating
a
User
You
can
update
a
user's
name,
contact
information,
and
role.
1.
In
the
side
menu,
click
List
users.
2.
Click
a
user's
name.
3.
Edit
the
information,
then
click
Save.
Resetting
Your
Password
If
you
forget
your
password,
you
can
send
yourself
a
password
reset
email.
1.
On
the
log
in
page,
click
Forgot
Password?
2.
Enter
your
email
address
and
click
Submit.
password-reset
email
is
sent.
Removing
Users
You
can
remove
users
from
the
Avigilon
Licensing
Portal.
1.
In
the
side
menu,
click
List
users.
2.
Select
the
check
box
next
to
all
user
you
want
to
remove,
then
select
Actions
>
Delete.
3.
Click
OK
to
confirm.
UpdatingaUser
3
Licenses
Viewing
Unactivated
Licenses
Unactivated
licenses
are
listed
on
the
List
Entitlements
page.
In
the
side
menu,
click
List
Entitlements.
Each
row
in
the
table
represents
a
line
item
in
your
sales
order.
The
columns
are
described
below.
Column
Description
Activation
ID
Product
key
used
to
activate
the
license
Entitlement
ID
Sales
order
number
Sold
to
Customer
name
Product
Part
number
Version
Product
version
Available
quantity
Number
of
channels
available
Total
quantity
Number
of
channels
available
Expiration
Whether
the
license
expires
or
is
permanent
Exporting
Unactivated
Licenses
You
can
export
a
list
of
unactivated
licenses
as
a
CSV
file.
Give
this
file
to
installers
so
they
have
a
list
of
licenses
that
they
can
activate.
1.
In
the
side
menu,
click
List
Entitlements.
2.
Use
the
search
filters
to
display
the
required
licenses.
3.
Select
the
check
box
next
to
the
licenses
you
want
to
export.
4.
Select
Export
>
Export
Selected
Items.
Viewing
Activated
Licenses
After
licenses
are
activated,
they
are
listed
on
the
Devices
page.
1.
In
the
side
menu,
click
Devices.
2.
Click
a
device
Name
to
view
the
license
details.
Licenses
4
Advanced
License
Management
Transferring
License
Channels
If
you
purchased
licenses
in
bulk,
you
can
transfer
all
or
a
portion
of
the
channels
to
another
account.
If
you
transfer
a
portion
of
the
channels,
a
new
Entitlement
Line
Item
with
a
unique
Entitlement
ID
and
Activation
ID
is
created.
1.
In
the
side
menu,
click
List
Entitlements.
2.
Select
the
check
box
next
to
a
license,
then
click
Action
>
Transfer.
3.
Enter
the
number
of
channels
to
transfer
in
the
Transfer
Amount
field.
4.
Click
to
select
an
account
for
the
Target
Account.
5.
Select
No,
then
click
Transfer.
6.
Click
OK
to
continue.
Adding
Channels
to
an
Existing
License
To
add
more
channels
to
an
existing
license,
transfer
channels
from
a
bulk
license
with
the
same
Product
type.
1.
In
the
side
menu,
click
List
Entitlements.
2.
Select
the
check
box
next
to
the
bulk
license,
then
click
Action
>
Transfer.
3.
Enter
the
number
of
channels
to
transfer
in
the
Transfer
Amount
field.
4.
Click
to
select
an
account
for
the
Target
Account.
5.
Select
Yes,
then
select
the
license
to
add
the
channels
to.
6.
Click
Transfer,
then
click
OK
to
continue.
AdvancedLicenseManagement
5
For
More
Information
Visit
Avigilon
at
avigilon.com
for
additional
product
documentation.
Technical
Support
To
contact
Avigilon
Technical
Support,
go
to
avigilon.com/contact-us.
Upgrades
Software
and
firmware
upgrades
will
be
made
available
for
download
as
they
become
available.
Check
for
available
upgrades
at:
avigilon.com/support-and-downloads.
Feedback
We
value
your
feedback.
Please
send
any
comments
on
our
products
and
services
to
feedback@avigilon.com.
ForMoreInformation
6
| msmarco_doc_00_26013560 | |
http://4airportparking.com/lax-parking/ | LAX - El Segundo Parking | Los Angeles Parking Lots | Parking.com | LAX - El Segundo Parking
LAX - El Segundo Parking
Reserve parking now and guarantee a space.
LAX - El Segundo Parking
Due to Covid19, some locations have revised hours - please check location details for more info.
405 Airport Parking Garage
Airport Spectrum
ValuePark LAX
ENTRANCE: 9920 La Cienega Blvd
South Bay Airport Parking (105 Parking)
| LAX - El Segundo Parking | Los Angeles Parking Lots | Parking.com
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No, Switch to Oversized Rates
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Entrance time
May 12, 10:30PM
Exit time
May 13, 01:30AM
Entrance time
Exit time
May 12
10:30PM
12:00AM 12:30AM 01:00AM 01:30AM 02:00AM 02:30AM 03:00AM 03:30AM 04:00AM 04:30AM 05:00AM 05:30AM 06:00AM 06:30AM 07:00AM 07:30AM 08:00AM 08:30AM 09:00AM 09:30AM 10:00AM 10:30AM 11:00AM 11:30AM 12:00PM 12:30PM 01:00PM 01:30PM 02:00PM 02:30PM 03:00PM 03:30PM 04:00PM 04:30PM 05:00PM 05:30PM 06:00PM 06:30PM 07:00PM 07:30PM 08:00PM 08:30PM 09:00PM 09:30PM 10:00PM 10:30PM 11:00PM 11:30PM
Exit time
May 13
01:30AM
12:00AM 12:30AM 01:00AM 01:30AM 02:00AM 02:30AM 03:00AM 03:30AM 04:00AM 04:30AM 05:00AM 05:30AM 06:00AM 06:30AM 07:00AM 07:30AM 08:00AM 08:30AM 09:00AM 09:30AM 10:00AM 10:30AM 11:00AM 11:30AM 12:00PM 12:30PM 01:00PM 01:30PM 02:00PM 02:30PM 03:00PM 03:30PM 04:00PM 04:30PM 05:00PM 05:30PM 06:00PM 06:30PM 07:00PM 07:30PM 08:00PM 08:30PM 09:00PM 09:30PM 10:00PM 10:30PM 11:00PM 11:30PM
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405 Airport Parking Garage
ENTRANCE: 9800 S La Cienega
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Airport Spectrum
ENTRANCE: 5757 Century Blvd
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ValuePark LAX
ENTRANCE: 9920 La Cienega Blvd
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South Bay Airport Parking (105 Parking)
ENTRANCE: 1921 E Walnut Ave
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Due to Covid19, some locations have revised hours - please check location details for more info.
405 Airport Parking Garage
ENTRANCE: 9800 S La Cienega
MOBILE PASS ACCEPTED & MONTHLY PARKIING Use your mobile device to enter and exit this location. Or use the credential provided if you're a monthly parker.
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Airport Spectrum
ENTRANCE: 5757 Century Blvd
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ValuePark LAX
ENTRANCE: 9920 La Cienega Blvd
MOBILE OR PRINTED PASS ACCEPTED Mobile or printed accepted to enter and exit this location.
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South Bay Airport Parking (105 Parking)
ENTRANCE: 1921 E Walnut Ave
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http://4alf.blogspot.com/2013/03/fannie-mae-chapter-13-bankruptcy.html | 4: Fannie Mae Chapter 13 Bankruptcy Guidelines 2011 - How Does It Work? | 4
4
Fannie Mae Chapter 13 Bankruptcy Guidelines 2011 - How Does It Work?
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| 4: Fannie Mae Chapter 13 Bankruptcy Guidelines 2011 - How Does It Work?
4
Fannie Mae Chapter 13 Bankruptcy Guidelines 2011 - How Does It Work?
Fannie Mae Chapter 13 Bankruptcy Guidelines 2011
to see for yourself Fannie Mae Chapter 13 Bankruptcy Guidelines 2011
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It's also advisable to take into account that a number of law firms have a better qualifications as opposed to runners. As the number of cases they've got taken on, along with their training, may be important, you should also consider earlier work. As an example, some attorneys have also were as trustees, meaning they are able to see this procedure from a various point of view, so that they may have an idea of just what trustees will be searching for for you personally. A number of legal professionals happen to be most judges, too, which provides another exclusive viewpoint. Alternatively, possibly your bankruptcy lawyer has been by way of this specific fiscal course of action themselves previously, so that she or he is aware what you are experiencing and will also be sympathetic. These kinds of backdrops may help if you make hard determination to go belly up.
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| msmarco_doc_00_26032576 |
http://4allexams.blogspot.com/2010/07/history-political-history.html | Solved Questions and Answers: History: Political History | History: Political History- The Mughals and The Sikhs
History: Political History | Solved Questions and Answers: History: Political History
History: Political History
History: Political History- The Mughals and The Sikhs
Who united all the sikhs and founded a kingdom in the punjab ?
(a) Guru Teg Bahadur
(b) Maharaja Ranjit Singh
(c) Guru Nanak
(d) Guru Gobind Singh
Answer: Maharaja Ranjit Singh
The Mansabdri system introduced by akbar was borrowed from the system in
(a) Mongolia
(b) Afghanistan
(c) Turkey
(d) Persia
Answer: Mongolia
Who among the following was the first Mughal Emperor to allow Britishers to establish trade links with India ?
(a) Akbar
(b) Aurangzeb
(c) Shahjehan
(d) Jehangir
Answer: Jehangir
Which of the following is wrongly matched with his contemporary Mughal King ?
(a) Jujhar Singh-Shahjehan
(b) Jaswant Singh-Aurangzeb
(c) Prithvi Raj Chauhan-Akbar
(d) Rana Sanga-Babar
Answer: Prithvi Raj Chauhan-Akbar
The capital of the Mughal Empire was shifted from Agra to Delhi by
(a) Jehangir
(b) Humayun
(c) Aurangzeb
(d) Shahjehan
Answer: Shahjehan
The Peacock Throne was made for
(a) Aurangzeb
(b) Akbar
(c) Shahjehan
(d) Jehangir
Answer: Shahjehan
In 1662 A.D., Mirjumla, the Mughal Viceroy of Bengal led a succesful expedition to
(a) Orissa
(b) Avadh
(c) Assam
(d) Tibet
Answer: Assam
During the Mughal period, the incharge of law and order in the villages was
(a) Qanungo
(b) Muqaddam
(c) Patwari
(d) Karkun
Answer: Muqaddam
The dee-aspah sih-aspah system was introduced by
(a) Shahjehan
(b) Aurangzeb
(c) Akbar
(d) Jehangir
Answer: Akbar
Which of the following Rajput dynasties did not surrender to Akbar ?
(a) Sisodiya
(b) Pratihara
(c) Parmar
(d) Rathore
Answer: Pratihara
The East India Company was founded in India during the region of
(a) Jehangir
(b) Aurangzeb
(c) Shahjehan
(d) Akbar
Answer: Akbar
The capital of the kingdom of Maharaja Ranjit Singh was
(a) Amritsar
(b) Kapurthala
(c) Lahore
(d) Patiala
Answer; Lahore
The Sikh Guru was fought Mughals was
(a) Guru Arjun Dev
(b) Guru Teg Bahadur
(c) Guru Gobind Singh
(d) Guru Nanak
Answer: Guru Gobind Singh
The Mughal Empire in India was founded by
(a) Aurangzeb
(b) Zahir-ud-din Babar
(c) Akbar the Great
(d) Shahjehan
Answer: Zahir-ud-din Babar
When Akbar was young, his guardian was
(a) Bairam Khan
(b) Abul Fazal
(c) Hemu
(d) Faizi
Answer: Bairam Khan
During the decline of Mughal empire the Jats were organised into a political force by
(a) Badan Singh
(b) Rajaram
(c) Suraj Mal
(d) Churaman
Answer; Badan Singh
The two great Mughal rulers who wrote their own memories are
(a) Babar and Humayun
(b) Jehangir and Shahjehan
(c) Humayun and Akbar
(d) Babar and Jahengir
Answer: Babar and Jahengir
Whi initiated Din-I-Ilahi ?
(a) Akbar
(b) Jahangir
(c) Shahjehan
(d) Aurangzeb
Answer: Akbar
During Sher Shah's reign, the document containing the information of the tax that the farmer had to pay was called
(a) Jaribana
(b) Patta
(c) Muhaslana
(d) Quabuliat
Answer: Patta
Revenue system during Akbar's riegn was in the hands of
(a) Todar Mal
(b) Birbal
(c) Bairam Khan
(d) Man Singh
Answer: Todar Mal
Akbar assumed actual control over the administration of his empire in
(a) 1560
(b) 1556
(c) 1562
(d) 1558
Answer: 1556
Babar laid the foundation of Mughal empirein 1562 by defeating
(a) Daulat Khan Lodi
(b) Ala-ud-din Khilji
(c) Rana Sanga
(d) Ibrahim Lodi
Answer: Ibrahim Lodi
During the reign of which of the following emperors was the artillery most perfect and numerous ?
(a) Shahjehan
(b) Jahangir
(c) Aurangzeb
(d) Akbar
Answer: Aurangzeb
Who consolited the Mughal empire and gave it a unique multi-religious culture ?
(a) Aurangzeb
(b) Akbar
(c) Humayun
(d) Jehangir
Answer: Akbar
The Sikh Guru was killed by the orders of Aurangzeb was
(a) Guru Ram Das
(b) Guru Gobind Singh
(c) Guru Arjun Dev
(d) Guru Teg Bahadur
Answer: Guru Teg Bahadur
Who among the following Mughals rulers introduced Rajput's patrons in the administration of his empire ?
(a) Babar
(b) Aurangzeb
(c) Jehangir
(d) Akbar
Answer: Akbar
Akbar founded the Din-I-Ilahi primarily to
(a) Establish a national religion which would be acceptable to the Muslims and the Hindus
(b) Form a religious club
(c) Put an end to differences between the Hindus and the Muslims
(d) Ensure racial and communal harmony
Answer: Establish a national religion which would be acceptable to the Muslims and the Hindus
The Sikh Khalsa was founded by
(a) Guru Teg Bahadur
(b) Guru Hargobind
(c) Guru Nanak
(d) Guru Gobind Singh
Answer: Guru Gobind Singh
During the Mughal Period, under the Zabti system, land revenue was assessed and was required to be paid
(a) In cash or kind
(b) By the zamindar on the behalf of the peasants
(c) Only in cash
(d) Only in kind
Answer: In cash or kind
The British allowed Ranjit Singh to rule over the territories west of the Satluj because
(a) He proved to be a faithful ally
(b) They needed his help in conquering Afghanistan
(c) He was amenable to British pressure
(d) They were afraid of his French trend army
Answer: They were afraid of his French trend army
Who was the last Mughal Emperor to sit on the peacock throne ?
(a) Muhammad Shah
(b) Shah Alam II
(c) Bahadur Shah Zafar
(d) Aurangzeb
Answer: Muhammad Shah
Akbar's land revenue system was known as
(a) All of these
(b) Zabti System
(c) Bandobast system
(d) Todarmal's revenue system
Answer; Zabti System
Who among the following Mughal rulers was ignorant of the art of reading and writing ?
(a) Humayun
(b) Jehangir
(c) Akbar
(d) Barber
Answer: Akbar
Which of the following statements about Akbar is incorrect ?
(a) None of these
(b) He maintained goods relations with Rajputs
(c) He was a benavolent ruler
(d) He founded a new religion Din-I-Ilahi
Answer: None of these
The birthplace of Guru Gobind Singh is
(a) Patna
(b) Fatehgarh Sahib
(c) Amritsar
(d) Anandpur Sahib
Answer: Patna
The Mughal ruler Bahadur Shah II was exiled by British and sent to
(a) Hyderabad
(b) Rangoon
(c) Mandalay
(d) Andaman and Nicobar
Answer: Rangoon
Din-I-Ilahi was accepted by
(a) Raja Mansingh
(b) Todarmal
(c) Birbal
(d) Tansen
Answer: Birbal
The first Mughal Emperor to issue a firman in favour of the british to open a factory at Surat was
(a) Shahjehan
(b) Akbar
(c) Jehangir
(d) Aurangzeb
Answer: Jehangir
Barbar won the Battle of Panipat mainly because of
(a) Tulughma system
(b) Afghan's disunity
(c) His Military skill
(d) His cavalry
Answer: His Military skill
The Jaziya was abolished by
(a) Akbar
(b) Sher Shah
(c) Muhammad bin Tughlaq
(d) Barbar
Answer: Akbar
The bitterest war of succession under the great Mughals was fought among the sons of
(a) Babur
(b) Aurangzeb
(c) Jehangir
(d) Shahjehan
Answer: Shahjehan
Which of the following contemporary sources of the Mughal period is especially useful for obtaining the information on the agrarian condition ?
(a) Ain-i-Akbari
(b) Tuzuk-i-Baburi
(c) Akbarnamah
(d) Tariksh-i-Firishta
Answer: Ain-i-Akbari
He left behind him an enemy still unsubdued, a minor son and a mercenary army. This descriptiongiven by Kennedy fits
(a) Sher shah
(b) Jehangir
(c) Humayun
(d) Barbar
Answer: Humayun
Which Mughal ruler had the Chain of Justice fastened up which could be shaken by his subjects to bring their grievances to his notice ?
(a) Jehangir
(b) Shahjehan
(c) Humayun
(d) Akbar
Answer: Jehangir
Sher Shah is created for introducing for the first time the following measure except
(a) Currency system
(b) Kland revenue system based on scientific principles.
(c) Postal system
(d) Spy system
Answer: Currency system
Which of the following statements about Ranjit Singh is incorrect ?
(a) He organised an excellent fighting army
(b) He posed a great challenge and resistance to the british
(c) He was a succesful administrator
(d) He wanted to form a separate Sikh state
Answer: He posed a great challenge and resistance to the british
Sikh Guru Arjun Dev was killed during the reign of
(a) Humayun
(b) Shah Jahan
(c) Akbar
(d) Jehangir
Answer: Jehangir
The Mughal Emperor, who died due to a sudden fall from the staircase, was
(a) Humayun
(b) Aurangzeb
(c) Babar
(d) Jehangir
Answer: Humayun
Which Mughal ruler was the most secular in outlook ?
(a) Babar
(b) Aurangzeb
(c) Humayun
(d) Akbar
Answer: Akbar
Which Mughal emperor gave land for the construction of the Golden Temple at Amritsar ?
(a) Aurangzeb
(b) Akbar
(c) Jehangir
(d) Shahjehan
Answer: Akbar
Who among the following was regarded as Zinda Pir ?
(a) Akbar
(b) Jehangir
(c) Aurangzeb
(d) Babar
Answer: Aurangzeb
Before the rise of Ranjit Singh, Punjab was under the control of
(a) Sikh Misls
(b) Maratha Commanders
(c) Raider Groups
(d) Tribal Chief
Answer: Maratha Commanders
During Aurangzeb's reign, which of the following were not included in the Government ?
(a) Marathas
(b) All of the above
(c) Rajputs
(d) Pathans
Answer: Marathas
Din-e-Ilahi of Akbar was not a succes because
(a) All the Above
(b) Through it was a collection of good principles in different religions, it was not suitably projected to the masses
(c) After Akbar, it was not patronised
(d) The Muslim did not accept other religious practise
Answer: Through it was a collection of good principles in different religions, it was not suitably projected to the masses
Chand Bibi who ceeded Berar to Akbar was the ruler of
(a) Ahmednagar
(b) Bijapur
(c) Golconda
(d) Bahmani
Answer: Ahmednagar
Which of the following pairs was incorrect ?
(a) Bairam Khan - Akbar
(b) Amir Khusrau - Jahangir
(c) Jaswant Singh - Aurangzeb
(d) Ambar Malik - Humayun
Answer: Ambar Malik - Humayun
Which Sikh Guru laid the foundation of the city of Amritsar ?
(a) Guru Nanak
(b) Guru Gobind Singh
(c) Guru Arjun Dev
(d) Guru Ramdas
Answer: Guru Ramdas
Which of the following statements about Din-I-Ilahi is not correct ?
(a) It was a synthesis of all various religion known to Akbar
(b) None of these
(c) It was designed to cement the diverse communities in India
(d) It was patronised by other Mongol rulers
Answer: It was patronised by other Mongol rulers
Mansabdari was introduced in India by
(a) Humayun
(b) Babar
(c) Shahjehan
(d) Akbar
Answer: Akbar
In 1809, Maharaja Ranjit Singh signed a treaty with
(a) Shah Alam
(b) Ruler of Sindh
(c) King of Kashmir
(d) East India Company
Answer: East India Company
Babar won the Battle of Panipat mainly because of
(a) Afghan's disunity
(b) His Military skill
(c) His cavalry
(d) Tulughma system
Answer: His Military skill
Which of the following causes was not responsible for the downfall of Mughal Empire ?
(a) Religious policy of Aurangzeb
(b) Revolts in various provinces of the empire
(c) Mansabdari system
(d) Deccan policy of Aurangzeb
AnswerMansabdari system
Who installed the Chain of Justice?
(a) Jehangir
(b) Akbar
(c) Babar
(d) Humayun
Answer: Jehangir
In the Mughal administration, military recruitment was being looked after by
(a) Bakhshi
(b) Wazir
(c) Kotwal
(d) Diwan
Answer: Bakhshi
Where did Babar die ?
(a) Delhi
(b) Agra
(c) Kabul
(d) Lahore
Answer: Agra
Babar entered India for the first time from the west through
(a) Punjab
(b) Rajasthan
(c) Kashmir
(d) Sind
Answer: Punjab
The bone of contention between the Shah of persia and the Mughals was the control of
(a) Kabul
(b) Kunduz
(c) Ghazni
(d) Kandhar
Answer: Kandhar
Maharaja Ranjit Singh signed a treaty of perpetual friendship with the british in the year 1809 at
(a) Ferozpur
(b) Ludhiana
(c) Faridkot
(d) Amritsar
Answer; Amritsar
Akbar has been called the First national King, mainly because of
(a) Was highly tolerant and secular in his outlook
(b) Provided an efficient government to the people
(c) Was a great administrator
(d) Established a new religion Din-i-Ilahi.
Answer: Was highly tolerant and secular in his outlook
Sher Shah made revenue settlement with
(a) Zamindars
(b) Jagirdars
(c) Cultivators
(d) Mansabdars
Answer: Cultivators
Sher Shah's real name was
(a) Bahadur
(b) Farid
(c) Hemu
(d) Faizi
Answer: Farid
The designation Amil in Akbar's time meant
(a) Scared Law
(b) Sacred book
(c) Revenue officers
(d) Custom officers
Answer; Revenue officers
The king generally considered to be the greatest ruler of Kashmir in the 15th century was
(a) Shah Mirza
(b) Zain-ul-Abidin
(c) Yusuf Shah
(d) Haider Shah
Answer: Zain-ul-Abidin
All of the following Rajput ruler acknowledged the Mughal sway in the second half of 16th century, except the ruler of
(a) Bikaner
(b) Jaisalmer
(c) Amber
(d) Mewar
Answer: Mewar
The Misl of which Ranjit Singh was the leader, was
(a) Ramgarhia
(b) Sukerchakia
(c) Ahluwalia
(d) Phulkia
Answer:Sukerchakia
Aurangzeb attack Bijapur and Golconda because
(a) Aurangzeb was an orthodox Sunni and the ruler of Bijapur and Golconda were siha muslim
(b) Ruler of Bijapur and Golconda were weak and as such if offered easy takeover
(c) Bijapur and Golconda were supporting Marathas
(d) Of Aurangzeb's policy of expansion and to consolidate his supremacy
Answer: Of Aurangzeb's policy of expansion and to consolidate his supremacy
In the Mughal administration, military recruitment was being looked after by
(a) Kotwal
(b) Diwan
(c) Bakshi
(d) Wazir
Answer: Bakshi
Which of the following Rajput dynasties did not surrender to Akbar ?
(a) Parmar
(b) Sisodiya
(c) Rathore
(d) Pratihara
Answer: Pratihara
Which of the following pairs is incorrect ?
(a) Amir Khusrau - Jahangir
(b) Ambar Malik - Humayun
(c) Jaswant Singh - Aurangzeb
(d) Bairam Khan - Akbar
Answer: Bairam Khan - Akbar
Who among the following Hindu courtiers of Akbar accepted Din-i-Ilahi ?
(a) Todar Mal
(b) Raja Man Singh
(c) Birbal
(d) Bhagwan Das
Answer: Birbal
Posted by ശ്രീരാജ്.എസ് at 3:45 AM
Labels: General Knowledge , History
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| msmarco_doc_00_26037006 |
http://4amblogger.com/2011/02/04/the-worst-name-you-can-call-your-spouse/ | The Worst Name you can Call Your Spouse. | The Worst Name you can Call Your Spouse.
The Worst Name you can Call Your Spouse.
Dear Ladies,
| The Worst Name you can Call Your Spouse.
The Worst Name you can Call Your Spouse.
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Warning: this blog post contains bad language and some politically incorrect statements that you may find offensive or possibly funny. Just letting you know.
I’m sure when you read the title of this blog, there are a multitude of names that come to mind when referring to the opposite sex in a demeaning hurtful way. Before you shelter your eyes, there will be no words rhyming with hunt or locksucker. This is really about the most hurtful name you can say, not per se, the crudest name you could use. So the word itself may not make you cringe – but the lasting effects are what make it profound.
The NAME:
Dear Men,
If you want to crumple your wife to the floor and shake her shell of confidence as a partner, a wife, mother, lover but most basically a woman, look her in the eye and in a measured voice say the following, ”you’re a bitch.” That’s it. The bitch offense will make all other conversation come to a halt. Of course there will possibly be some crying and yelling about how crappy you are as a human – but ultimately, you as a man, have rendered your wife defenceless and possibly mute for any further discussion about what you may have been trying to resolve. We all know there are more profane words – but calling a woman a bitch goes to the core of what we try our entire lives not to become. We actually spend time talking about other women that are clearly bitches and pat ourselves on the back for not being “that wife”. Ultimately we don’t want to be the nag, the ball and chain, the bitch.
"Get away from her you bitch"
Dear Ladies,
If you are interested in stripping a man of his ego, his soul and possibly his manhood, the following phrase although may not stop them in their tracks, will resonant around in their brain for a later time when they are fully capable of comprehending the implications. I would suggest a verbal pause, an inhalation of breath, followed by the following phrase: “you’re an infant” or a “4 year old” or any number that represents the fact that your husband is suffering from a bewildering case of permanent pre-adolescense. Now, before you call me out and say, “Heather, you said one word. What you have given me here is a phrase.” You would be right, but let me delve deeper. The actual 2 words I would chose are retarded asshole. Stop. Don’t get on your politically correct high horse, the word ‘retard’ means: cause to move more slowly or operate at a slower rate. The word asshole, has a variety of meanings but in this case it’s just an excellent all round description of your spouse at the time of invocation. So for the sake of simplicity and political correctness, and the fact that I said ‘one word’, if you want to make them walk out the door just say, “honey, you are useless “. Or in the verbal crossfire, “You are a useless asshole.”
Men want to be productive, important, even profound – when you invoke the ‘Useless” incantation, it makes them burn – smoulder and produces a shut down effect like no other word.
THE CASE: From the woman’s lookout.
A small percentage of the time I spend chatting with my girlfriends we are complaining. Mostly about men. Usually the main man in our lives. These can vary from specific complaints – like, ’I wish he would turn the door knob when he is closing the door instead of pushing it shut so it makes that slamming noise’ to broader complaints like, ‘why is there a trail of crap from the front door to every spot he has travelled in the house?’
Inevitably as women we continue along, picking up and shutting up because it’s easier than actually getting our spouses to do what it is we are trying to accomplish. Now, if you have been married for more than – oh say, a day and a half and you perhaps have 0-3 kids thrown into the mix you can understand what happens. Little by little we start to suggest ways in which it would be helpful for you to remember to do things that make our lives easier. It goes like this: suggest, ask, question, assert, nag, and finally bitch. We break. We become the cliche we have strived to avoid. No woman wants to be called a bitch. And let me tell you, it’s not when things are at their worst – no such luck. We snap and move to raging bitch when it appears the simplest thing has gone wrong. Here is the unintended result:
1) You see us as crazy and avoid us thus making us crazier than before
2) when nothing changes from this verbal exchange, we go back to sucking it up until the next straw. Inevitable the next straw comes at closer intervals. Then of course we are labelled temporarily insane.
That’s us. Women are the multi-taskers of the universe. We usually manage the kids, hold down a job, do the majority of the cleaning and the child care as well as the planning and managing the household. When we want you to take care of something we aren’t talking to you in ‘space’ and would be wet with excitement if the task was completed. Oh and if you are going to do what we ask – don’t do it half ass in the hopes that we won’t ask you to do it again. I’ve never seen my husband pack for a hunting trip and forget, well, anything. (See, even the writing is bitchy.)
This is where the Useless label comes from.
1) Managing to plan a trip with your guys friends down to the last detail of who will be preparing each night’s dinner and the appropriate corresponding scotch but not be able to pack your kid’s lunch box without an item that contains nuts. (thus sending a letter home, reminding ‘us’ that other children could die if we weren’t more considerate with our lunch choices.)
2) After spending 4 hours alone with the kids, because mommy ‘gets’ to go out and run errands, arriving home to find that kids have not eaten, the house is a disaster, the kitchen appears to have been the assault of an IED – and your first words are “I feel cooped up – I would like to get out for a run”.
3) After multiple lists, yellow sticky notes and patient discussion of what you will need to bring to the party because I will be coming straight from work and have already prepared the food and taken care of all the arrangements for said evening event, you show up without anything and have forgotten the hostess gift thus making us look cheap and lazy.
THE CASE: From the man’s lookout.
Guys talk to their guy friends about 1) Viral videos, 2) Sports things 3) Getting together to: drink, watch viral videos, do sporty things or some combination there of.
Guys like to have fun, they like to go out, work out, eat out and have sex. Guys generally like to build things, fix things, install things or break things. They mostly enjoy working on their bodys, their vehicles, their projects or watching funny You Tube videos
Things men are good at.
Lots of our guys have a good job, they are decent men, good fathers, and loyal. They are the kings of the “one-off”. Completing projects that are generally one time deals. Building the deck, organizing the garage, setting up the internet, or fixing the drywall hole (more than likely – created by them). Most of our guys are also the caretakers of the lawn, the car maintenance and the snow removal. Call it stereotyping because it is and because it’s mostly true.
Once a guy has finished his day at work, mowed the lawn, emptied the crap out of the car and played with the kids he patiently listens while we make our first set of requests. ’Honey, can you please bath the kids” or can you please make arrangements for our flight to Florida” or can you please tidy the kitchen while I get ready for a project due for work”. Here’s the problem. No matter what the task – we inevitably complain about how it got done or when it got done. This is infuriating for men.
Here’s how we get labeled “bitch”.
1) It doesn’t matter what the task is, we mentally grade your result and then proceed to list our complaints: Tidying the kitchen? “oh I wish you had not left the dishes to dry in the sink” “Why did you put the strainer here? It goes in this cupboard.” ”oh don’t worry, I like the feel of crumbs on my feet, I’ll just sweep again”
We forget to utter even a small word of thanks for doing the task and more often these are the things we say, “thanks for tiding the kitchen, pause, it would have been great if you… (yikes I can hear myself).
2) It doesn’t matter that you took the kids for a great outing in the park. We will complain that you forgot to feed them, why are they still wearing their pajamas and most hatedly, we greet you at the door with words like, oh did they sleep in the car, did you feed them – wow, you didn’t wipe their faces? Rather than a ‘hi honey – I missed you and thanks for taking the kids out”.
3) We foster complaints like mold on bread. We let them develop, ferment and then linger. We have conversations in our minds about how we will tell you how disappointed we are and then we will rehearse them until it has the perfect bitch tone or quality. Inevitably we unleash these complaints at the worst time like when you are happy.
Why? Why do we do this. Why can’t we just be nice and happy to have a husband that is caring, thoughtful, and faithful? Why can’t we just have sex with you on a regular basis without prompting? Ahh these are questions I ponder every day.
Why are guys useless and why are women bitches? I do have some answers…next week will reveal new and startling insights into these two questions.
For now – post your comments on why you think this to be true. Or post a comment telling me you are of course the exception to the rule and how your relationship could make a shit pile smell like roses:)
being together, bitch, divorce, getting along, husband, love, marriage, men, relationships, spouse names, useless, wife, women
| msmarco_doc_00_26051375 |
http://4betterhome.com/convertible-coffee-table-to-dining-solutions/ | 10 Smart and Functional Convertible Coffee Table to Dining Solutions | 10 Smart and Functional Convertible Coffee Table to Dining Solutions
10 Smart and Functional Convertible Coffee Table to Dining Solutions
1. Convertible coffee table from Tom Rossau
2. Transforming coffee table designed by Duffy London
3. Coffee table transforms into dining with seats
4. Modern glass coffee table into dining table
5. Coffee table that rises into dining table
6. Classic style convertible coffee table
7. Contemporary convertible coffee to dining table by Compar
8. Frosted glass coffee table to dining
9. ORFEO convertible coffee table
10. Convertible coffee table with LED lighting
| 10 Smart and Functional Convertible Coffee Table to Dining Solutions
Home > Space Saving Ideas > 10 Smart and Functional Convertible Coffee Table to Dining Solutions
10 Smart and Functional Convertible Coffee Table to Dining Solutions
Space Saving Ideas
In previous article we looked at the different types of transformable tables like coffee tables that transform into full dining, converts to desk and small, compact tables that transform into impressive dining tables. This time lets look closer to the convertible coffee table solutions that turn into a full dining tables.
ALSO READ Top 10 Convertible Coffee Tables with Shipping to USA
Nowadays, this type of tables are very popular among people. At first glance it may seem that convertible coffee tables are only for those who have small space, but not really. These tables are functional and perfect for everyday use, since they maximize living space that can be used for daily activities. When it’s necessary it serves as compact coffee table or spacious dining table where to welcome guests. Therefore, this time lets look closer at 10 different coffee tables in modern, traditional and classics styles to fit in every home.
1. Convertible coffee table from Tom Rossau
This particular coffee table is designed by Tom Rossau and can be used as well as in modern as traditional interior design. When folded its compact coffee table, but when expanded into a dining table, gives seating about 6 to 10 people. Available in bamboo finish. Measurements for coffee table: 150 x 70 x 40cm (LxWxH), dining table: 230 x 70 x 70cm (LxWxH).
2. Transforming coffee table designed by Duffy London
This transforming coffee table is multifunctional and will perfectly fit in a modern and a bit provincial interior. It miraculously converts from a coffee table to a dining table in two simple movements. Producer offer two options when made of wood or metal and can be selected for use indoors or outdoors. Available in many finishes like white melamine and black base or white melamine and white base, oak, walnut and other furnishings as you may wish.
They produce two size coffee tables – MK1 MINI and MK1 LARGE. Measurements for MINI coffee table: 75 x 75 x 35cm (LxWxH), dining 135 x 75 x 75cm (LxWxH). LARGE coffee table dimensions: 120 x 75 x 35cm (LxWxH), dining table 185 x 75 x 75cm (LxWxH).
3. Coffee table transforms into dining with seats
Most often, when there is talk about convertible table, raises question about chairs. Where to store them? This convertible coffee table is interesting with its solution 3 in 1. Its not only coffee and dining table, when its fold out, it gives extra seats as well.
4. Modern glass coffee table into dining table
From an elegant and modern coffee table, it turns into a comfortable dining table. At first glance it seems that the table is fragile, but the first impression may be mistaken. This convertible coffee table is perfectly stable and safe both in the low and the high position thanks to the security system that prevents the table to close suddenly. Available with transparent glass top and chromed metal legs. Measurements for coffee table: 120 x 70 x 34 cm (LxWxH), dining table: 120×70 x 74 cm (LxWxH).
5. Coffee table that rises into dining table
Coffee table with functional, contemporary and timeless design that rises from normal coffee table height to standard dining table. It that can be elevated by a simple button press underneath the table top. Works with a rechargeable battery this way provides desired height. Coffee table is available in oak, walnut, cherry wenge, beech and teak finishes. Measurements for coffee and dining table: 135 x 77 x 49 – 71 cm (LxWxH).
6. Classic style convertible coffee table
When it comes to convertible coffee tables, then most of production is made in modern or traditional style. This particular coffee table is good example of classic style table. Top of the table is made from veneered chipboard (beech), but legs of solid birch. Available in furnishing of walnut, cherry, oak, wenge and dark wenge. Made by Lithuanian company Optimata and costs average 600,- EUR What is more impressive these tables are made in good quality and has impressive dimensions: 124/164/204/244 x 75 x 62/81 cm.
7. Contemporary convertible coffee to dining table by Compar
This charming coffee – dining table is designed by Italian company. Their modern furniture pieces find a perfect match between innovative designs and product functionality. Available in high gloss white with matt white or walnut veneer with metallic bronze lacquer. Measurements for coffee table when folded 120 x 76/83 x 43cm (LxWxH), dining table 120 x 76 (LxH).
8. Frosted glass coffee table to dining
This ice frosted glass coffee – dining table is designed by DOMITALIA. The company’s mission and fundamental values are the manufacture of Made-in-Italy products which are distinguished by their clear-cut design and comfort. This particular coffee table is adjustable both in height and length. Available with tempered glass top and lacquered steel frame. Measurements for coffee- dining table: 110/150x 75x 35.5/82cm (LxWxH).
9. ORFEO convertible coffee table
Compact and functional contemporary coffee table that converts in full dining table by safe closing and opening mechanism with “anti-crushing”. Available in the following color options: laminated in white or brown, veneered in glossy white, dark brown oak or white oak. The base and the mechanism are made of painted steel, that is available in glossy white or matt black colour, but the mechanism only in black colour. Coffee – dining table measurements: 80/160 x 80 x 41/74 cm (LxWxH).
(where to buy)
10. Convertible coffee table with LED lighting
This impressive contemporary convertible coffee table comes with colorful LED lighting system that will give chic to any modern interior. Designed by Italian company Ozzio Design. This company is known for a lot of interesting transformable solutions. This is one of them that got electric adjustable height and transforms from coffee table to dining with sliding side extensions. Available with glass top and “Mirror” aluminium/steel frame. Coffee – dining table measurements: 120/160/200 x 74 x 43/82 cm (LxWxH). Extends in pretty impressive dining table where can freely sit 8 people. | msmarco_doc_00_26061944 |
http://4betterhome.com/convertible-tables-for-small-spaces/ | Convertible Tables: Smart and Modern Solutions for Small Spaces | Convertible Tables: Smart and Modern Solutions for Small Spaces
Convertible Tables: Smart and Modern Solutions for Small Spaces
Convertible Tables – Coffee into Dining
Coffee Table Converts to Desk
Convertible Dining Table
About Costs
| Convertible Tables: Smart and Modern Solutions for Small Spaces
Home > Home Solutions & Space Saving Ideas > Convertible Tables: Smart and Modern Solutions for Small Spaces
Convertible Tables: Smart and Modern Solutions for Small Spaces
Home Solutions, Space Saving Ideas
If you live in a small apartment or house, then probably you are also faced with the dilemma of what to buy- coffee table, dining table or better work desk? Therefore, today, let’s talk about the convertible tables, which combine two or even all three variants- coffee table, dining table and even work desk.
ALSO READ Top 10 Convertible Coffee Tables with Shipping to USA
One of the most popular companies that specialize in modern and multi-functional furniture designs are “Ozzie Design”, “John Strand” and “Calligaris”. Ozzie Company’s main motto is: “Welcome to a new dimension, where everything is possible”. And, indeed, looking at their created furnishings seems surprising how a 43 cm deep and 100 cm wide table turns into a 100 cm deep and 293 cm wide dining table.
Convertible Tables – Coffee into Dining
Among the most popular are coffee tables that convert to dining tables. Their design and shape are different: rectangular, round, with metal or wooden legs. Materials for table tops and legs are available in a wide range, so, it can be matched with a variety of furniture and interior design styles.
These types of transformer tables all work similarly. Mainly differ in the mechanism- picks up with the touch of a dedicated button or knob. Accordingly, after the surface of the table is turned and opened as the book, resulting in a full dining table of 75 cm height. At this table can comfortably sit 4-8 people depending on design and size.
Coffee Table Converts to Desk
This is the second most common type of convertible coffee tables. Great solution for desk combined with a coffee table. The big benefit of this design has a built-in shelf that can be used for books, magazines, documents, stationery, notebook and for other storage. As well provide the ideal working height for those who use laptop or simply work at home.
Mechanism works easy by lifting the tabletop up and pulling it toward you. Convert table back in the same way by simply lowering down.
Convertible Dining Table
Convertible dining tables are third popular category. Nowadays, space saving tables becoming more and more popular. Not without reason. At first, when they are folded, they are small and minimalist, but converted in full can reach an impressive banquet tables.
For example, Ozzio Design table “Golia” has a particularly clever design. Since the minimum size is 75 cm high, 100 cm wide and 43 cm deep. In turn, the maximum size is 75 cm high, 100 cm deep and 293 cm long. At this table can comfortably sit 12-15 people. Pretty impressive, isn’t it?
They mainly work on gas adjustable height and have inside the aluminum mechanism that operates on the principle of the telescope. Thus way dining tables can be pulled out as a series of different sizes.
About Costs
“Ozzie Design”, “John Strand” and “Calligaris” design tables are not cheap. It costs an average range from 400.00 to 2566.00 British pounds, depending on model and choice of materials. But what is good think about buying this type of tables, that you can obtain 2 to 3 tables in one, which are not minor if you have small space.
If you found this post interesting and useful ‘share’ it with others. | msmarco_doc_00_26069188 |
http://4betterhome.com/low-bunk-beds-for-low-ceilings/ | 14 Low Bunk Beds Solutions for Low Ceilings | 14 Low Bunk Beds Solutions for Low Ceilings
14 Low Bunk Beds Solutions for Low Ceilings
Twin Bunk Beds that Can Separate
Short Bunk Bed with Built-in Ladder
Very Low Twin Bunk Bed
Twin Over Twin Bunk Bed with Shelves
Twin Over Twin Bunk Bed with Wardrobe
Low Twin Over Full Low Bunk Bed
Twin Over Twin Solid Wood Bunk Bed
Caribou Twin over Twin Bunk Bed with Ladder
Twin over Twin Standard Bunk Bed with Scalloped Bookcase
Jamie Twin Over Twin Bunk Bed
Rustic Hand-Stained Finish Low Profile Bunk Bed
Sacramento Full over Full Bunk Bed with Built-In Ladder
Twin Over Full Low Height Bunk Bed with Storage
Twin over Twin Standard Bunk Bed with Underbed Storage
| 14 Low Bunk Beds Solutions for Low Ceilings
Home > Space Saving Ideas > 14 Low Bunk Beds Solutions for Low Ceilings
14 Low Bunk Beds Solutions for Low Ceilings
Space Saving Ideas
Low ceilings often make homes feel cramped, especially when longing for a comfortable room for a restful, good night’s sleep. If your space is not tall, you can focus on its horizontal elements and add things that will put emphasize the horizontal aspect of the room. Perhaps you would like to consider having low bunk beds! With some creativity and willingness to try various solutions, you can surely adjust and do other things to help you live with low ceilings better.
Low Bunk beds are all about combining a fun, playful vibe with space-saving solutions that help maximize available room. More than space, low bunk beds can make low ceiling less noticeable because it adds horizontal strength of your room. If you are picking a kids bunk bed, make sure to invest a bit more in bringing home a selection that comes with plenty of drawers and a few smart shelves. You can even go a step further and bring home a smart bunk bed with trundle that allows your kids to quickly tuck away clutter.
Even adult bedrooms and guest rooms can benefit from modern bunk bed designs. However, you should ensure there are at least 2 or 3 feet of space between the top mattress of the bunk bed and the ceiling to avoid injury when sitting up and to prevent bumping the ceiling with your head in middle of the night. Look for low bunk bed designs that have the maximum height of probably with no more than 60 inches.
The abundance of low bunk bed styles proves that it can do more than just saving space. To help you decide on which low bunk bed will fit into the lifestyles of your children and families, here are 14 smart low bunk beds solutions for low ceiling. One good thing about this collection is that they are five to six feet tall which means most 7- 8 foot ceiling will give you the ample room that you need plus they very much available for purchase, we have provided the links for your review and buying convenience.
ALSO READ 13 Low Loft Beds for Kids Rooms with Low Ceilings
Twin Bunk Beds that Can Separate
Bunk beds are known for having flexible designs. A good example is a twin bunk bed that can separate. They are good stacked or separated. It has 43.5” width and 79.25” depth. With only 47.5” height, it fits even for ceilings lower than 7 feet . This is also very practical in the future when you are looking forward moving on to a bigger space.
( where to buy)
Short Bunk Bed with Built-in Ladder
This short bunk bed has the right scale fitted for a space with lower ceilings. It is smaller in size (47” H x 58” W x 31” D ) but offers a sturdy frame with a four-step built-in ladder for safety.
It solves not only your ceiling problem. It also offers extra storage underneath the bottom bunk. You may consider putting storage drawers or an extra bed for additional sleeping space.
( where to buy)
Very Low Twin Bunk Bed
A very low bunk bed emphasizes the ceiling height even more with a vertical slatted design. Having an overall dimension of 50” H x 42.5” W x 80” D, it’s a perfect size for your low ceiling room. Plus the detachable guardrails are high enough to provide safety on the top bed.
( where to buy)
Twin Over Twin Bunk Bed with Shelves
Bunk bed with shelves provides an easy access to keeping cords for lamps, media devices or reading materials. The ladder and the bookcase are reversible to give way for angles and corners of a small room.
For your reference, dimensions are 53.5” H x 38.6” W x 89” D.
( where to buy)
Twin Over Twin Bunk Bed with Wardrobe
A small twin bunk bed that goes all out in the storage department. It has a two-door wardrobe closet, bookshelves and one drawer under the bottom bunk. And you get 2 European twin XL mattresses.
With an overall size of 55.4” H x 109.2” W x 47.6” D, it is best suited for your micro-apartment or condo units.
( where to buy)
Low Twin Over Full Low Bunk Bed
A low size twin over full bunk bed that provides more sleeping space without taking up extra space. This bunk bed configuration has a total height is 60.6”, while depth is 78.1”. Its width from side to side, without the ladder, is 57.24″. And 66.73 wide when the ladder attached.
They are best suited for both boys and girls bedroom design, even perfect for a guest room.
( where to buy)
Twin Over Twin Solid Wood Bunk Bed
This solid wood bunk bed can easily blend with the rest of your furniture that you already have. Its durable and sturdy frame implies that it will last for years. Dimensions are 59.5” H x 42.75” W x 80.24” D. While wood finishes available are Cherry and Dark Walnut.
( where to buy)
Caribou Twin over Twin Bunk Bed with Ladder
A twin over twin bunk bed that is just right for kids sharing a room or for sleepovers. It can comfortably hold a single sleeper on each level, without feeling crowded.
The guard rails are conveniently removable and can accommodate up 10″ mattress height. While, dimensions are 58.25” H x 42.63” W x 78.38” D.
(where to buy)
Twin over Twin Standard Bunk Bed with Scalloped Bookcase
Wooden bunk bed designs are popular because of its versatility. A good example is a bunk bed with bookcase headboard. It is very convenient for kids and young adults who love to read before sleeping. Or an easy grab of their books during exam weeks. Also great for keeping toys of younger children.
Recommended mattress height is 8”, in order not cover the bookcase.
(where to buy)
Jamie Twin Over Twin Bunk Bed
This bunk bed with stairs and storage is the best alternative to ladders. Not only stairs are safer than ladders, but also they often provide more storage space. Like in this product, it has 3 hidden drawers located at the foot-board.
Dimensions are 44” H x 42” W x 93.75” D. While bunk configurations can be done in 2 ways: L-shape and standard.
(where to buy)
Rustic Hand-Stained Finish Low Profile Bunk Bed
Low profile bunk beds are roughly 10-12 inches shorter than traditional bunk beds. They are very useful in spaces with low ceilings and a great option for younger children.
Overall dimensions are 48” H x 80” W x 41” D.
( where to buy)
Sacramento Full over Full Bunk Bed with Built-In Ladder
Metal bunk beds convey a modern, contemporary look. Below is a full over full bunk bed that is perfect when you need to fit two full sized beds into a smaller room, less the ceiling woes.
Overall Dimensions are 59” H x 57” W x 78.25” D. With a wider bed, the chance of an accident happening is very little. The mattress, however, should not be more than 6″ to keep the guardrails safety purpose. Underneath the bottom bunk is compatible with a trundle bed.
(where to buy)
Twin Over Full Low Height Bunk Bed with Storage
Twin over full bunk bed with built-in stairs is the ultimate solution when you are after to safety. If you wish to get a bunk bed for your child. But can’t contain the idea of her/him climbing that ladder up and down over and over, then this is the way to go. Plus, you get nice deep storage drawers, both on steps and underneath the bottom bunk.
( where to buy)
Twin over Twin Standard Bunk Bed with Underbed Storage
This bunk bed with under bed storage drawers has an overall dimension of 56” H x 42” W x 81” D. The under bed drawers provide extra storage for clothes, toys and cut down under bed clutter.
At 56″ height, it still provides enough headroom between the top and bottom of bunk, with 28″ clearance.
(where to buy) | msmarco_doc_00_26073214 |
http://4bombshells.com/locations.aspx | Bombshells Restaurants and Bars | LOCATIONS
Bombshells Houston-South
Bombshells Spring
Bombshells 290
Bombshells Pearland
Bombshells I-10 East
Bombshells 249
Bombshells Katy
Bombshells 59 (I-69)
Bombshells Austin
Bombshells Dallas
| Bombshells Restaurants and Bars
LOCATIONS
Bombshells Houston-South
12810 Gulf Freeway
Houston, TX 77034
Tel. (281) 484-3279
Bombshells Spring
21005 IH 45 North
Spring, TX 77388
Tel. (281) 288-2769
Bombshells 290
14191 Northwest Freeway
Houston, TX 77040
Tel. (281) 845-6411
Bombshells Pearland
13965 South Freeway
Pearland, TX 77584
Tel. (346) 802-2609
Bombshells I-10 East
13732 East Freeway
Houston, TX 77020
Tel. (832) 831-6434
Bombshells 249
24628 State Highway 249
Tomball, TX 77375
Tel. (281) 694-4695
Bombshells Katy
20516 Katy Frwy
Katy, TX 77450
Tel. (346) 322-4805
Fax (281) 397-6730
Bombshells 59 (I-69)
6888 Southwest Fwy
Houston, TX 77036
Tel. (713) 814-5845
Bombshells Austin
15119-C North I-35 Service
Austin, TX 78660
Tel. (512) 670-2662
Bombshells Dallas
7501 N. Stemmons Fwy
Suite 140
Dallas, TX 75247
Tel. (214) 267-2662 | msmarco_doc_00_26081863 |
http://4cameron.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/7/4/13748160/dra-summary_1.pdf |
What
is
the
DRA?
When
and
to
whom
is
the
DRA
administered?
What
does
a
student’s
DRA
level
mean?
Developmental
Reading
Continuum
Emergent
Readers
Early
Readers
Transitional
Readers
Extending
Readers
Grade
Level
Expectations:
How
do
teachers
use
DRA
results?
| DRA
Summary
What
is
the
DRA?
The
Developmental
Reading
Assessment
(DRA)
is
a
standardized
reading
test
used
to
determine
a
student’s
instructional
level
in
reading.
The
DRA
is
administered
individually
to
students
by
teachers
and/or
reading
specialists.
Students
read
a
selection
(or
selections)
and
then
retell
what
they
have
read
to
the
examiner.
As
the
levels
increase,
so
does
the
difficulty
level
for
each
selection.
When
and
to
whom
is
the
DRA
administered?
The
DRA
is
administered
to
all
students
in
Gr.
1-3
during
a
testing
window
in
September
and
again
in
May.
It
may
be
administered
at
other
times
during
the
school
year,
especially
at
mid-year,
so
that
teachers
can
track
student
progress.
What
does
a
student’s
DRA
level
mean?
The
DRA
level
indicated
on
a
student’s
report
card
shows
the
score
attained
during
the
September
or
May
testing
window.
The
levels
can
show
a
student’s
current
reading
level
according
to
a
Developmental
Reading
Continuum,
shown
below,
along
with
grade
level
benchmarks
for
the
beginning
and
end
of
grades
1-3.
A
full
description
of
the
characteristics
of
Emergent,
Early,
Transitional,
and
Extending
Readers
is
on
the
next
page.
Developmental
Reading
Continuum
DRA
Levels:
Emergent
Readers
Early
Readers
Transitional
Readers
Extending
Readers
1
2
3
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
24
28
30
34
38
40
44
Grade
Level
Expectations:
Level
3
–
Beginning
of
Gr.
1
Level
16
–
End
of
Gr.
1
–
Beginning
of
Gr.
2
Level
28
–
End
of
Gr.
2
–
Beginning
of
Gr.
3
Level
38
–
End
of
Gr.
3
How
do
teachers
use
DRA
results?
Teachers
use
DRA
results,
along
with
the
results
of
other
assessments,
to
determine
whether
students
are
reading
on,
above,
or
below
grade
level.
By
knowing
student
DRA
levels,
teachers
can
plan
for
small
group,
guided
reading
instruction,
including
targeted
interventions
and
supplemental
support.
Teachers
select
materials
that
match
students’
instructional
levels
and
provide
appropriate
instruction
to
challenge
them.
PASD,
11/08
Emergent
Readers:
Grade
Level
Benchmark:
Mid-
to
End
of
Kindergarten
Demonstrate
left
to
right
progression
with
one
to
three
lines
of
text
Match
spoken
word
to
printed
word
(one-to-one
correspondence)
Differentiate
words
and
letters
Know
the
sounds
and
names
of
most
letters
Read
patterned
text
using
picture
and
oral
language
clues
Read
familiar
text
with
some
support
Read
new
text
with
support
Locate
and
use
known
words
to
self-monitor
Can
sometimes
retell
story
including
elements
such
as
characters
or
events
DRA
Levels
A-2
Early
Readers:
Grade
Level
Benchmark:
Beginning
to
Mid-Gr.
1
Select
new
texts
with
support
Read
familiar
texts
independently
Read
new
texts
with
some
support
Gather
some
information
about
the
story
from
the
teacher’s
introductions
and
the
pictures
Begin
to
connect
events
when
previewing
pictures
Generally
read
word
by
word
with
a
few
short
phrases
Know
names
and
sounds
of
all
letters
Recognize
a
growing
number
of
high
frequency
words
Pause
at
difficulty
and
begin
to
problem
solve
Detect
and
self-correct
some
miscues
Retell
including
some
story
organization,
story
events
(can
be
out
of
sequence),
and
some
details
about
characters
and
events
Link
the
story
to
personal
experience
DRA
Levels
3-10
Transitional
Readers:
Grade
Level
Benchmark:
Mid-Gr.
1
to
End
of
Gr.
2
Select
appropriately
leveled
reading
materials
most
of
the
time
Read
familiar
and
some
new
texts
independently
Read
longer
text
Read
silently
more
often
Self-initiate
previewing
new
text
and
making
predictions
Read
somewhat
smoothly
with
slight
pauses
at
difficult
parts
of
the
text
Usually
read
with
expression
and
attention
to
punctuation
Use
efficient
strategies
to
problem
solve
unknown
words
Self-correct
miscues
Retell
demonstrating
an
understanding
of
the
text
organization,
including
main
ideas,
details
about
characters,
setting,
and
events,
and
a
literal
interpretation.
Link
the
story
to
personal
experience
and
other
media
or
events
DRA
Levels
12-24
Extending
Readers:
Grade
Level
Benchmark:
Beginning
Gr.
3
to
End
of
Gr.
4
Select
books
for
a
variety
of
purposes
Read
texts
independently
Read
longer
text
over
several
sessions
without
losing
track
of
story
and
meaning
Read
silently
with
good
understanding
Read
new
genres
with
some
support
Self-initiate
previewing
text
making
multiple
predictions
Read
smoothly,
with
effective
expression
and
attention
to
punctuation
Use
strategies
automatically
Retell
demonstrating
a
very
good
understanding
of
text
that
is
organized
and
sequential;
includes
main
ideas,
important
details
about
characters,
setting,
and
events,
and
vocabulary
and
specialized
phrases
from
the
text
Use
background
knowledge
and
experience
to
interpret
the
story
Link
the
story
to
other
literature
DRA
Levels
28-44
PASD,
11/08
| msmarco_doc_00_26083111 | |
http://4castplus.com/key-features/project-tracking/ | Construction Management Solutions | 4castplus Project Cost Management Software |
Field Data Capture from the Jobsite to the Office in Real-Time
4castplus integrates your Jobsite and your office in a single solution. Field personnel enter all labor, equipment, materials, vendor expenses and production quantities into an easy-to-use interface that’s connected live with the office.
Get Free from Paper and Spreadsheets and Re-Keying of Data
No more paper timecards or spreadsheets or multi-entry of information – all your project teams and data are digitally united into a single, powerful system.
Not getting accurate and timely costs & activities from the field or jobsite can significantly compromise the success of any construction project. With 4castplus, there’s no need to struggle with data errors, missed information, delays and a lack of project visibility.
There is simply a better way.
Integrated Construction Management, Project Controls, Procurement in a Collaborative Platform
The 4castplus Jobsite LEM tracking system enables Daily or Multi-Day entry for all project activities and costs. With a fluid 3-clicks workflow and stress-free approvals, users can enter labor time, materials, equipment, third-party vendor expenses, documents and progress in minutes.
Your project managers and project controls staff back in the office all have the full suite of 4castplus project controls tools to efficiently manage, control and report on all your projects.
One-Touch Data
4castplus is completely web-based, in the cloud and available anywhere. All the data is centrally managed and cost information is continuously calculated. No need to manually re-enter your crew data to get a total cost & revenue picture. It’s all just there, all the time.
Key Features
Designed For Field Personnel
Track Vendor Expenses and Vendor Accruals
One-Click LEM Reporting
One-Touch Data – Direct Accounting Integration
Offline or Cloud Versions
Document Management
Track Progress
Project Management and Project Controls
Routing Field Data for Approvals and Billing
Further Reading
| Construction Management Solutions | 4castplus Project Cost Management Software
Field Data Capture from the Jobsite to the Office in Real-Time
4castplus integrates your Jobsite and your office in a single solution. Field personnel enter all labor, equipment, materials, vendor expenses and production quantities into an easy-to-use interface that’s connected live with the office.
Get Free from Paper and Spreadsheets and Re-Keying of Data
No more paper timecards or spreadsheets or multi-entry of information – all your project teams and data are digitally united into a single, powerful system.
Not getting accurate and timely costs & activities from the field or jobsite can significantly compromise the success of any construction project. With 4castplus, there’s no need to struggle with data errors, missed information, delays and a lack of project visibility.
There is simply a better way.
“I love the 4castplus LEM tracking system. It’s fast, easy to use and everything I need is in the same place. I want all my projects in 4castplus. ”
Amy Perrin, Secure Energy Services
Integrated Construction Management, Project Controls, Procurement in a Collaborative Platform
The 4castplus Jobsite LEM tracking system enables Daily or Multi-Day entry for all project activities and costs. With a fluid 3-clicks workflow and stress-free approvals, users can enter labor time, materials, equipment, third-party vendor expenses, documents and progress in minutes.
Your project managers and project controls staff back in the office all have the full suite of 4castplus project controls tools to efficiently manage, control and report on all your projects.
One-Touch Data
4castplus is completely web-based, in the cloud and available anywhere. All the data is centrally managed and cost information is continuously calculated. No need to manually re-enter your crew data to get a total cost & revenue picture. It’s all just there, all the time.
Request a Live Demo
Key Features
Designed For Field Personnel
The 4castplus interface has been specifically designed for ease-of-use for construction workers. In addition to a simple interface, all entry options are pre-configured by project managers in the office so that site personnel only need to enter quantities. All the rates, tasks, allowances, codes and much more are already organized so as to simplify data entry.
Track Vendor Expenses and Vendor Accruals
Third-party vendor expenses can also be captured directly in the field. Site users can scan & upload the associated invoices or receipts as project artifacts. Vendor expenses can either be recorded against a pre-existing purchase order, or as a non-PO expense. 4castplus provides powerful tools and reporting to deliver deep insight into vendor expenses, accruals and adjustments.
One-Click LEM Reporting
4castplus provides customizable LEM reports that are available in a single click. Reports that summarize all the time, expenses, daily log and progress captured. Field staff can print the LEM report – then have it signed, scanned and uploaded back into 4castplus as a project artifact.
One-Touch Data – Direct Accounting Integration
All entries into 4castplus job tracking modules can be synchronized with your accounting system and payroll. Reduce errors and save valuable time – there’s just no need to touch this information more than once.
Offline or Cloud Versions
For users working in areas with sketchy internet connections, 4castplus provides an Offline interface which can be synchronized with the server later when the user has access to internet.
Document Management
On any day at the Jobsite, there can be a vast array of documents that need to be coordinated and accounted for. As part of this 4castplus field data capture tool, field personnel can upload all their documents – which will be attached to the day`s entries to keep them organized and cataloged. All the field guy needs to do, is drag and drop the document into the right drop zone, and the document will be tagged with an abundance of metadata for appropriate routing and classification.
Track Progress
Site personnel can track physical progress made on any activities. This progress can be used for determining Percent Complete, and for Unit Price projects.
Project Management and Project Controls
The office team have a full suite of project controls and project management dashboards that are updated instantaneously delivering the full picture of your project’s health.
Routing Field Data for Approvals and Billing
Every billable entry into a 4castplus Tracking Module is available to the integrated 4castplus Invoicing system. No need to sync data or copy information from one place to the next; it’s all tightly tied together for a fully closed-loop application.
Further Reading
Real-time project information – Start a Revolution
Get it Right the First Time – How to Ensure Accuracy in Jobsite Tracking
Managing Vendor Accruals and Vendor Invoice Matching on Large Construction Projects
Managing the Complexities of Labor Rate Rules
Jobsite LEM Tracking – What About Vendor Accruals?
How to reduce Errors when tracking LEM from the Jobsite | msmarco_doc_00_26091903 |
http://4chairdiscipling.com/ | 4 Chair Discipling by Dann Spader (Sonlife) // Growing a Movement of Disciple-Makers |
4 Chair Discipling
Jesus recognized that the people He encountered were at different stages of growth and development, and He worked to challenge each of them to move to the next level.
– Joe Stowell
President Cornerstone University / Grand Rapids MI
– Ed Stetzer
President Lifeway Research
Which chair are you in?
Chair 1
Chair 2
Chair 3
Chair 4
| 4 Chair Discipling by Dann Spader (Sonlife) // Growing a Movement of Disciple-Makers
4 Chair Discipling by Dann Spader
Welcome
Videos
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4 Chair Discipling
Growing a Movement of Disciple-Makers
by Dann Spader.
4 Chair Discipling
Jesus recognized that the people He encountered were at different stages of growth and development, and He worked to challenge each of them to move to the next level.
In 4 Chair Discipling, you'll get a clear and simple picture of how to follow in Jesus' footsteps and do the same thing.
Preview Chapter 1 (PDF)
Order Book
Feature 1
"Of all the disciplers I know, my friend Dann Spader is at the top of the list. He disciples with his life, through his seminars and workshops, and now, thankfully, through this powerful book. Highly recommended!"
– Joe Stowell
President Cornerstone University / Grand Rapids MI
"Few people have the reputation of Dann Spader-- with a life's passion for making disciples. Now in 4 Chair Discipling, Dann challenges us to walk more faithfully in Jesus' calling. Read and dwell on this helpful book."
– Ed Stetzer
President Lifeway Research
Which chair are you in?
Chair 1
Come and See
John 1:39
Chair 2
Follow Me
John 1:43
Chair 3
Become a
Fisher of People
Matthew 4:19
Chair 4
Go and Bear Fruit
John 15:16 | msmarco_doc_00_26099423 |
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http://4collegewomen.org/fact-sheets/mononucleosis.html | 4collegewomen.org - mononucleosis
Search 4collegewomen using Google:
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Men's Health
mononucleosis
Introduction
Who is At Risk?
What Causes Mono?
How is it Spread?
What are the Symptoms?
What are the Long-Term Effects?
How is Mono Diagnosed?
How is Mono Treated?
How Long Will I be Sick?
Will it Come Back?
How Can I Prevent Mono?
Resources
Introduction
The disease mononucleosis is most common in people 10 to
35 years old, with its peak incidence in those 15 to 17 years
old. Only 50 people out of 100,000 in the general population
get mono, but it strikes as many as 2 out of 1,000 teens and
twenty-somethings, especially those in high school, college,
and the military. While mono is not usually considered a
serious illness, it may have serious complications and can
sometimes be life-threatening. Without a doubt your lifestyle
will change for several months. [1]
[ To Top]
Who is At Risk?
While there are many illnesses that teens and young adults
don't get, unfortunately, mono is most common among
15-35 year olds. The reason that not everyone comes
down with mono during these years is that most of the
population has already exposed to the virus that causes mono
(usually the Epstein-Barr virus) before we reach the age of
18. Exposure at a young age usually is asymptomatic,
meaning that no symptoms result, or instead may seem like a
cold. This type of exposure usually makes us immune to
re-infection later on in life. However if exposure has
not occurred by the age of 18 then encountering EBV often
results in mono.
[ To Top]
What Causes Mono?
Two viruses can cause mono: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and
cytomegalovirus (CMV). Both viruses are in the herpes family,
whose other members include viruses responsible for cold
sores and chickenpox. The EBV is responsible for
approximately 85% of mono cases. Both of these viruses,
like other Herpes viruses, have no cure and will stay in your
body for life.[2][ To Top]
How is it Spread?
Many people think of mono as the "kissing
disease", and with good reason. It is found in
moist exhaled air, nasal and oral secretions like saliva and
mucus, and is not as easy to transmit as many other viruses
such as colds. It generally requires direct contact,
like kissing, though it can be spread by other means as well,
such as coughing. A person with mono is most contagious
just before they feel sick and while they ARE sick because
this is the time when the most viral particles are
produced. Even after you have completely recovered, you
can still spread the virus that causes mono. Every so
often you can produce the virus in your saliva and spread it
to another person, even if you feel fine.
[ To Top]
What are the Symptoms?
Symptoms of mononucleosis generally resemble those of the
flu and include fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph glands. Sometimes, a swollen spleen or liver involvement may develop. These symptoms usually last for more than two days and may
appear slowly. Heart problems or involvement of the central
nervous system occurs only rarely, and mono is almost never
fatal.
[3][ To Top]
What are the Long-Term Effects?
Mono can make a person feel miserable for a while, but
when taken care of, the disease goes away within a couple of
months. There are some instances when complications can
arise. One such complication may include enlargement
and rupture of the spleen. define This is a
serious concern because it can lead to death. Some of
the signs and symptoms of this complication include pain in
your upper left abdomen, difficulty breathing,
lightheadedness, excessive bleeding, and feeling like your
heart is beating harder and faster than normal. A very
common complication is dehydration. A sore throat can
make you hesitant to drink enough fluids so that you become
dehydrated. There are also several other rare
complications that include:
Complication
What it is
Thrombocytopenia
a low number of platelets define in the blood
Granulocytosis
a low number of white blood cells in the blood
Hemolytic
anemia
a low number of red blood cells in the blood
Myocarditis
inflammation of the heart muscle
Encephalitis or aseptic
meningitis
inflammation of the
brain and membranes around it
Guillain-Barre
syndrome
paralyzing disorder
** The illness Chronic Fatigue Syndromehas not
been shown to be related to the viruses that cause
mono. For more information on this disease visit: http://www.niaid.nih.gov/factsheets/cfs.htm
[ To Top]
How is Mono Diagnosed?
The clinical diagnosis of mononucleosis is suggested on
the basis of the symptoms of fever, sore throat, swollen
lymph glands, and the age of the patient. Usually, laboratory
tests are needed for confirmation. Blood test results for
people with mono include a high white blood cell count, an
increased percentage of certain atypical white blood cells,
and a positive reaction to a "mono spot" test.[4] This test is
designed to look to see if your blood plateletcount
is too low and if your white blood cells are abnormal. A blood chemistry panel can be done to see if the enzymes in
your liver are abnormal, which can be a sign that you have
mono.
Mono tests may not show positive results until you have
been sick for a few days. This is because it may take
about five days or so for your body to produce enough
antibodies to show up on the test. If your mono test is
negative and you are still feeling sick after a couple of
days, you may want to consider a follow-up visit with your
doctor. It is sometimes necessary to be tested
more than once; after a week or two of being sick the tests
are approximately 85% accurate.
[ To Top]
How is Mono Treated?
There is no specific treatment for mononucleosis, other
than treating the symptoms. No antiviral drugs or vaccines
are available. Some physicians have prescribed a 5-day course
of steroids to control the swelling of the throat and
tonsils. The use of steroids has also been reported to
decrease the overall length and severity of illness, but
these reports have not been published. Therefore, the
best course of action is to rest and let you body fight the
virus. You can feel more comfortable when you are sick
by taking some over-the-counter medications to alleviate
symptoms.
Acetaminophen for fever (no aspirin)
Ibuprofen for pain (consult your doctor if you want to
take aspirin)
Rest (plan to take lots of naps)
Drink more fluids (at least 2 quarts a day)
Throat lozenges, salt water gargle, and ice cream for your
sore throat
No vigorous exercise, contact sports, or heavy lifting
Antibiotics if strep throat or another bacterial infection
is present (this is determined by your doctor)
Good nutrition and NO alcohol
It can take anywhere from one week to three months to
fully recover, so take care of your body and continue to rest
until your doctor says it's ok to get back to your
normal routine.
[ To Top]
How Long Will I be Sick?
There are generally four stages of mono. The first
is the incubation period (you've been exposed to the
virus, but you feel normal) that can last as long as 2-6
weeks. The prodromal period is next (the time just
before you get sick, but you feel like you're
"coming down with something") and lasts from
3-5 days. Generally symptoms at this point include
fatigue, lack of appetite, and an overall
"blah" feeling. The third stage is called
the acute stage (you ARE sick), which usually lasts from 7-20
days. Now you have the symptoms of mono like sore
throat, fever, swollen glands, etc. The final stage,
the convalescent period, can last from 2-6 weeks to up to 3
months. During this time you'll feel much
better, but are still weak and tired.
[ To Top]
Will it Come Back?
Most people get mono only once during their lifetime and
then become immune to it. However, it is possible to
get it more than once, just not very likely.
[ To Top]
How Can I Prevent Mono?
Mono is a difficult disease to prevent. It can take
up to two months to develop symptoms and you can be
contagious for as long as a year afterward and at different
points in your lifetime. By the time you realize that
you have mono, it's usually too late to find out where
you got it from and prevent other people from getting it
too. The best way to protect yourself is to get plenty
of rest and keep yourself healthy (no all-nighters, or at
least not too many in a row). Try to maintain a
healthy, nutritious diet, practice good personal hygiene, and
don't share plates and silverware.
[ To Top]
Resources
[1]http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/1998/398_mono.html
[2]http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/1998/398_mono.html
[3]http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/ebv.htm
[4]http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/ebv.htm
[ To Top]
This website is an information resource center and does not provide medical advice. Information from 4collegewomen.org website
should not be a substitute for medical advice from a health care professional.
Complication
What it is
Thrombocytopenia
a low number of platelets define in the blood
Granulocytosis
a low number of white blood cells in the blood
Hemolytic
anemia
a low number of red blood cells in the blood
Myocarditis
inflammation of the heart muscle
Encephalitis or aseptic
meningitis
inflammation of the
brain and membranes around it
Guillain-Barre
syndrome
paralyzing disorder
Myocarditis
inflammation of the heart muscle
Encephalitis or aseptic
meningitis
inflammation of the
brain and membranes around it
Guillain-Barre
syndrome
paralyzing disorder
| msmarco_doc_00_26102949 | ||
http://4collegewomen.org/fact-sheets/ovariancysts.html | 4collegewomen.org - Ovarion Cysts
Search 4collegewomen using Google:
General Health and Prevention
Tobacco, Alcohol and Substance Abuse
Reproductive Health
Emotional and Mental Health
Diseases and Conditions
Safety and Violence Related Issues
Alternative and Complementary Medicine
Minority Women's Health
Women and Disabilities
Health Career Opportunities
Health Insurance Issues
Helpful Resources
Health Library
Health Information In Different Languages
Men's Health
Ovarion Cysts
What are Ovarian Cysts?
What are the Symptoms of Ovarian Cysts?
When are Women Most Likely to Have Ovarian Cysts?
How are Ovarian Cysts Diagnosed and Treated?
What Questions Should a Woman With an Ovarian Cyst Ask her Doctor?
Myths and Facts about Ovarian Cysts
References
What are Ovarian Cysts?
The ovaries produce the eggs in the female reproductive
system. Eggs grow, develop, and mature in the ovaries and
then are released during ovulation, part of the monthly
menstrual cycle that
occurs during the childbearing years. Ovarian cysts are
fluid-filled sacs that form on the ovaries when the follicles
(sacs) on the ovary that contain the egg mature, but do not
release the egg into the fallopian tube where it would be
fertilized. A woman can develop one cyst or many cysts. Ovarian cysts can vary in size-from as small as a pea to as
big as a grapefruit. Most cysts are small and do not cause
symptoms. Some cysts might cause a dull ache in the abdomen
because they are twisted, bleeding, or have burst; others
might cause pain during sexual intercourse. Most cysts are
benign (not cancerous). A few cysts, though, may turn out to
be malignant (cancerous). For this reason, your doctor should
check all cysts. If ovarian cysts are found early, many of
the problems they cause can be treated. There are different
types of ovarian cysts:
Functional cysts- These cysts are completely
normal and form during ovulation. The follicles (sacs) on the
ovary that contain the egg often do not mature, and become
cysts. These cysts usually disappear during menstruation,
before another menstrual cycle begins. If not, they will
shrink in about one to three months. Your doctor may want to
check in a few months to make sure the cyst has gotten
smaller. Only women who are ovulating form functional cysts. If a woman is in menopausedefine or past menopause
and not having periods, she should not have functional
cysts.
Endometriomas- These cysts develop in women who
have endometriosis, a condition in which tissue from the
lining of the uterus (endometrium) grows in other areas, such
as on the fallopian tubes, the ovaries, and on other organs
outside of the uterus in the
stomach
abdomen. View is #nullThese may be filled
with a thick, brown blood and so also are called "chocolate
cysts." Because uterine tissue is sensitive to hormones, even
when it's located outside the uterus, the tissue will bleed
monthly, which may cause the formation of a growing cyst on
the ovary. These cysts can be painful during sexual
intercourse and during menstruation.
Benign cystic tumors(cystadenomas) - These tumors
are non-cancerous and are often filled with a fatty liquid. They develop from cells on the outer surface of the ovary. Some of these tumors, called dermoid cysts, are lined with
structures such as hair, or pieces of bone. They are often
small and may not cause symptoms. They can, however, become
large and uncomfortable.
Multiple Cysts- Women who do not ovulate regularly
can develop multiple cysts. This is a disorder in which the
ovaries are enlarged and contain many small cysts. This can
be caused by a condition called polycystic ovary syndrome
(PCOS). Symptoms of PCOS include irregular menstrual periods,
infertility, and increased body hair.
[1][ To Top]
What are the Symptoms of Ovarian Cysts?
Many women may have functional cysts or benign cystic
tumors without having any symptoms. Sometimes, though, a cyst
will swell large enough to cause pressure or pain in the
abdomen. The cysts also may put pressure on the urinary tract
and cause problems with urine flow. Some women may have pain
during sexual intercourse. Although it is rare, it is
possible for a very large cyst to become twisted, stopping
its own supply of blood. This can cause nausea, fever, and
severe abdominal pain. In women with endometriosis, ovarian
cysts can cause the commonly felt symptoms of pelvic pain,
painful menstrual periods, abnormal bleeding and painful
sexual intercourse.
[ To Top]
When are Women Most Likely to Have Ovarian Cysts?
Ovarian cysts are very common during the childbearing
years so that means as college women many of us will have
them. Most often, cysts in women of this age group are not
cancerous. Women who are past menopause (ages 50-70),
however, and have ovarian cysts, have a higher risk of having
ovarian cancer. If you are over 50 and have an ovarian cyst,
your doctor will probably want to do surgery to remove it. However, if you think you might have a cyst, at any age, you
should tell your health care provider.
[ To Top]
How are Ovarian Cysts Diagnosed and Treated?
Ovarian cysts usually are found during routine pelvic
examinations. During this examination, your doctor is able to
feel the swelling of the cyst on your ovary. Once a cyst is
found, the doctor may perform an ultrasound, or a screening
to see if the cyst is hollow or solid, determine its size and
exact location, and see if it contains fluid or abnormal
structures that help show its type. The doctor may decide to
"wait and see" if the cyst will shrink on its own in a few
months. If you frequently develop cysts, your doctor may
prescribe birth control pillslink to contraception
page to section on these to prevent you from ovulating. This
will prevent follicles from developing and new cysts from
forming. Your doctor might talk with you about birth control
pills, and if they are right for you.
If the cyst does not go away after several menstrual
periods, if it has gotten larger or more painful, or it does
not appear to be a functional cyst, your doctor may want to
perform other tests or procedures to look at and remove the
cyst. To detect your risk for ovarian cancer, your doctor may
want to do a blood test to measure a substance in the blood
called CA-125. The amount of this protein is increased in the
blood of women with ovarian cancer. However, some ovarian
cancers do not produce enough CA-125 to be detected by the
test, and there are other non-cancerous diseases that also
increase the levels of CA-125. For these reasons, the CA-125
test is recommended mostly for women who are at high risk for
the disease.
If the cyst is small and looks benign on the ultrasound,
your doctor may perform a laparoscopy. This procedure is done
under general anesthesia on an outpatient basis and allows
the doctor to closely examine all of your reproductive
organs. A very small incision is made above or below the
navel, and a small instrument called a laparoscope that acts
like a telescope is inserted into the abdomen. If the cyst is
small and looks benign, it can be removed after the doctor
makes very small incisions in the pubic hairline.
If the cyst is too large to remove this way, the doctor
may perform a procedure called a laparotomy. This procedure
involves making bigger incisions in the stomach to remove the
cyst. While you are under general anesthesia, the doctor is
able to have the cyst tested to find out if the tissue is
cancerous. If it is cancerous, the doctor will then be able
to remove other tissue that could be affected, like the
ovary, fallopian tubes, uterus, or lymph nodes. Before any
surgery, your doctor will talk to you about what will happen
during the surgery, the risks, and how long it will take you
to recover. It is important to remember that most cysts are
not cancerous and are relatively harmless if treated
properly.
[ To Top]
What Questions Should a Woman With an Ovarian Cyst Ask her Doctor?
[2]
If you have an ovarian cyst, you may want to ask:
How big is the cyst and where is it located?
Do I need to have it removed immediately, or can we "watch
and wait" for one to two months?
How much of my ovary might be removed along with the cyst,
and how would this affect my fertility?
What did the pathologist's report say about the cyst?
What are the chances that the cyst will recur, or that
another cyst will form?
[ To Top]
Myths and Facts about Ovarian Cysts
All Ovarian Cysts are malignant
This is a myth. In fact, most Ovarian Cysts are
benign (non-cancerous). Since functional cysts are
common during menstruation, they often appear and disappear
quickly without causing harm.
Ovarian Cysts can affect women of any age group
Fact. Although they occur most often during a
woman's child-bearing years (puberty to menopause), they may
occur at any time. In fact, women during menopause are
more prone to ovarian cancer.
Ovarian Cysts can grow as large as the size of an egg and
may contain follicles and cartilage.
Fact. These types of cysts are called dermoids and
come from undeveloped tissue forming into, usually, a
non-cancerous growth over a period of time.
Some complicated forms of Ovarian Cysts require surgical
removal and some may go away on their own
Fact. Since some cysts are f unctional and thus
present during the menstrual cycle, they are usually harmless
and disintegrate on their own. However, cysts that are
non-functional and may affect the ovary with their size
and/or location need to be removed.
Biopsy is recommended for ALL women diagnosed with an
Ovarian Cyst.
Myth. Since some cysts are functional and are
directly linked with the menstrual cycle, they mostly
dissolve on their own. However, a biopsy may be advised
when a cyst persists or causes symptoms so that your doctor
can determine whether the growth is cancerous or
non-cancerous.
There is no known way to prevent functional Ovarian
Cysts.
Fact. They are part of a natural biological process
and are often present during ovulation. Therefore,
there is no method of preventing cyst formation. However, birth control pills may help women who are
constantly forming cysts and experiencing heavy menstrual
cycles. Birth control pills stabilize your period and
help minimize cyst formation in many women.
[ To Top]
References
[1]http://www.4woman.gov/faq/ovarian_cysts.htm
[2]http://www.4woman.gov/faq/ovarian_cysts.htm
[ To Top]
This website is an information resource center and does not provide medical advice. Information from 4collegewomen.org website
should not be a substitute for medical advice from a health care professional. | msmarco_doc_00_26114280 | ||
http://4cornerswelding.com/ | Welding, Metal Fabrication Bozeman - Handrails - Four Corners |
4 Corners Welding, Metal Fabrication Bozeman
We are your premier full-service welding, metal fabrication and welding repair shop in Gallatin County, located in Four Corners of Bozeman, Montana. We provide quality work for any residential, commercial, industrial, or personal welding projects. Our AWS certified staff offers over 50 years of combined welding experience, making our service second to none in Bozeman, Belgrade and surrounding areas. We provide top of the line welding and fabrication repairs to fix any problem you might run up against. Problem solving is one of our strong points, fixing issues on the job site, mending flawed joints, repairing metal damage, is all within our scope of ability. Our top of the line shop is equipped with all the tools imaginable, enabling our staff to repair any welding problems, along with the ability for full metal fabrication. Our experience allows us to offer a diverse array of repairs to steel, aluminum and cast iron along with performing steel fabrications, TIG, MIG, and STICK welding, to ensure that all your welding problems will go away with one stop out at 4 Corners Welding.
Our custom welding work enables you to let your imagination run free. We have built everything from handrails to stoves to doors to tables to ornaments. In addition, our staff is specialized in large projects from structural steel or architectural work to custom hand rails or custom flat beds and trailers. All you need is an idea, and we can build it, No job is too big or too small for our welding and metal fabrication skills. At 4 Corners Welding, we pay special attention to detail along with the current building and industry codes and standards, to make sure that you are receiving the highest quality welding and fabrication work on all of your projects. We strive to make your projects flow as smoothly as possible by offering free, thorough, cost and time estimates. When you choose to work with 4 Corners Welding, you are choosing the highest quality of detail, experience, work, and personal relations in the Gallatin County. For more information on how our welding, repair, and fabrication skills can serve you, contact us today.
Weekly Wisdom
“If you have a dream, don’t just sit there. Gather courage to believe that you can succeed and leave no stone unturned to make it a reality.”
-Roopleen
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CONTACT US
4 Corners Welding, Metal Fabrication Bozeman
We are your premier full-service welding, metal fabrication and welding repair shop in Gallatin County, located in Four Corners of Bozeman, Montana. We provide quality work for any residential, commercial, industrial, or personal welding projects. Our AWS certified staff offers over 50 years of combined welding experience, making our service second to none in Bozeman, Belgrade and surrounding areas. We provide top of the line welding and fabrication repairs to fix any problem you might run up against. Problem solving is one of our strong points, fixing issues on the job site, mending flawed joints, repairing metal damage, is all within our scope of ability. Our top of the line shop is equipped with all the tools imaginable, enabling our staff to repair any welding problems, along with the ability for full metal fabrication. Our experience allows us to offer a diverse array of repairs to steel, aluminum and cast iron along with performing steel fabrications, TIG, MIG, and STICK welding, to ensure that all your welding problems will go away with one stop out at 4 Corners Welding.
Our custom welding work enables you to let your imagination run free. We have built everything from handrails to stoves to doors to tables to ornaments. In addition, our staff is specialized in large projects from structural steel or architectural work to custom hand rails or custom flat beds and trailers. All you need is an idea, and we can build it, No job is too big or too small for our welding and metal fabrication skills. At 4 Corners Welding, we pay special attention to detail along with the current building and industry codes and standards, to make sure that you are receiving the highest quality welding and fabrication work on all of your projects. We strive to make your projects flow as smoothly as possible by offering free, thorough, cost and time estimates. When you choose to work with 4 Corners Welding, you are choosing the highest quality of detail, experience, work, and personal relations in the Gallatin County. For more information on how our welding, repair, and fabrication skills can serve you, contact us today.
Weekly Wisdom
“If you have a dream, don’t just sit there. Gather courage to believe that you can succeed and leave no stone unturned to make it a reality.”
-Roopleen
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http://4cs.gia.edu/EN-US/diamond-carat-weight.htm | Learn What Carat Means and What Diamond Carat Measures | 4Cs of Diamond Quality by GIA | DIAMOND CARAT WEIGHT
DIAMOND CARAT WEIGHT
Diamond Carat Weight Measures a Diamond’s Apparent Size
How did the carat system start?
What are “magic sizes”?
An unanticipated problem was encountered, check back soon and try again
| Learn What Carat Means and What Diamond Carat Measures | 4Cs of Diamond Quality by GIA
DIAMOND CARAT WEIGHT
Diamond Carat Weight Measures a Diamond’s Apparent Size
To put it simply, diamond carat weight measures how much a diamond weighs.
A metric “carat” is defined as 200 milligrams. Each carat is subdivided into 100 ‘points.’ This allows very precise measurements to the hundredth decimal place. A jeweler may describe the weight of a diamond below one carat by its ‘points’ alone. For instance, the jeweler may refer to a diamond that weighs 0.25 carats as a ‘twenty-five pointer.’ Diamond weights greater than one carat are expressed in carats and decimals. A 1.08 carat stone would be described as ‘one point oh eight carats.’
All else being equal, diamond price increases with diamond carat weight because larger diamonds are rarer and more desirable. However, two diamonds of equal carat weight can have very different values (and prices) depending on three other factors of the diamond 4Cs: Color, Clarity, and Cut.
While now you know what carat means, it’s also important to remember that a diamond’s value is determined using all of the 4Cs, and not just carat weight.
This short video explains carat weight and shows how diamonds are weighed in GIA’s lab on an extremely precise electronic scale.
How did the carat system start?
In order to understand what a diamond carat measures, it would help to know the origins of the modern carat system. Carat weight started with the carob seed, when early gem traders used the small, uniform seeds as counterweights in their balance scales. Today, the carat is the same milligram weight in every corner of the world.
What are “magic sizes”?
Some weights are considered “magic sizes” – half carat, three-quarter carat, and carat. Visually, there’s little difference between a 0.99 carat diamond and one that weighs a full carat. But the price differences between the two can be significant.
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http://4cs.gia.edu/EN-US/diamond-clarity.htm | What is Diamond Clarity | The 4Cs of Diamond Quality by GIA | WHAT IS DIAMOND CLARITY?
WHAT IS DIAMOND CLARITY?
Diamond Clarity Refers to the Absence of Inclusions and Blemishes
How did the GIA Clarity Scale come to be?
What causes inclusions?
| What is Diamond Clarity | The 4Cs of Diamond Quality by GIA
WHAT IS DIAMOND CLARITY?
Diamond Clarity Refers to the Absence of Inclusions and Blemishes
To understand diamond clarity, we must first understand how diamonds are created. Natural diamonds are the result of carbon exposed to tremendous heat and pressure deep in the earth. This process can result in a variety of internal characteristics called ‘inclusions’ and external characteristics called ‘blemishes.’
Evaluating diamond clarity involves determining the number, size, relief, nature, and position of these characteristics, as well as how these affect the overall appearance of the stone. If you are trying to determine what is the best clarity for a diamond, remember that no diamond is perfectly pure. But the closer it comes to purity, the better its clarity.
The GIA Diamond Clarity Scale has 6 categories, some of which are divided, for a total of 11 specific grades.
Flawless (FL) No inclusions and no blemishes visible under 10x magnification
Internally Flawless (IF) No inclusions visible under 10x magnification
Very, Very Slightly Included (VVS1 and VVS2) Inclusions so slight they are difficult for a skilled grader to see under 10x magnification
Very Slightly Included (VS1 and VS2) Inclusions are observed with effort under 10x magnification, but can be characterized as minor
Slightly Included (SI1 and SI2) Inclusions are noticeable under 10x magnification
Included (I1, I2, and I3) Inclusions are obvious under 10x magnification which may affect transparency and brilliance
This short video explains the GIA clarity scale and how GIA classifies diamonds with a clarity grade ranging from Flawless to I 3 by using a 10X magnification loupe and a microscope to see and plot the diamond’s inclusions.
Many inclusions and blemishes are too tiny to be seen by anyone other than a trained diamond grader. To the naked eye, a VS1 and an SI2 diamond may look exactly the same, but these diamonds are quite different in terms of overall quality. This is why expert and accurate assessment of diamond clarity is extremely important. Knowing what diamond clarity truly means helps you understand the factors that contribute to diamond quality and price.
How did the GIA Clarity Scale come to be?
Like the color scale, GIA’s clarity grading system developed because jewelers were using terms that could be misinterpreted, “loupe clean” or “piqué.” Today, even if you buy a diamond somewhere else in the world, the jeweler will most likely use terms like VVS1 or SI2 to indicate the clarity of a diamond, even if his or her language is French or Japanese instead of English.
What causes inclusions?
Small crystals can become trapped in a diamond when it’s forming. Sometimes as a crystal grows, it can develop irregularities in its atomic structure. The size, position and visibility of inclusions can have a significant impact on diamond clarity. | msmarco_doc_00_26135687 |
http://4cs.gia.edu/EN-US/diamond-color.htm | Learn What Diamond Color Is and What it Means | GIA 4Cs of Diamond Quality | DIAMOND COLOR
DIAMOND COLOR
Diamond Color Actually Means Lack of Color
Why does the GIA color grading system start at D?
Are diamonds graded as Z s considered fancy-color?
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| Learn What Diamond Color Is and What it Means | GIA 4Cs of Diamond Quality
DIAMOND COLOR
Diamond Color Actually Means Lack of Color
Understanding what diamond color means helps in choosing the right diamond. Interestingly, the diamond color evaluation of most gem-quality diamonds is based on the absence of color. A chemically pure and structurally perfect diamond has no hue, like a drop of pure water, and consequently, a higher value. GIA’s D-to-Z diamond color-grading system measures the degree of colorlessness by comparing a stone under controlled lighting and precise viewing conditions to masterstones of established color value.
Many of these diamond color distinctions are so subtle that they are invisible to the untrained eye; however, these distinctions make a very big difference in diamond quality and price. Hence, it is important to get a GIA expert’s opinion in evaluating the best color for your diamond.
This short video explains the GIA color scale and how GIA classifies a diamond with a letter grade from D-to-Z by comparing it to masterstones representing the color grades on the GIA scale.
Why does the GIA color grading system start at D?
Before GIA universalized the D-to-Z Color Grading Scale, there was no clear standard to define what diamond color is. A variety of other systems were used loosely, from A, B, and C (used without clear definition), to Arabic (0, 1, 2, 3) and Roman (I, II, III) numbers, to descriptive terms like “gem blue” or “blue white,” which are notorious for misinterpretation. So, the creators of the GIA Color Scale wanted to start fresh, without any association with earlier systems. Thus the GIA scale starts at the letter D. Very few people still cling to other grading systems, and no other system has the clarity and universal acceptance of the GIA scale.
Are diamonds graded as Z s considered fancy-color?
No. Naturally colored diamonds outside the normal color range are called fancy-color diamonds. The FTC provides no guidelines for the use of the term “fancy-color” in the US, but there is general agreement in the international trade about what diamond color range is customary for fancy-color diamonds. These are either yellow or brown diamonds that have more color than a Z master stone or they exhibit a color other than yellow or brown.
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http://4cs.gia.edu/EN-US/diamond-cut.htm | Learn What Diamond Cut Actually Means and All About Diamond Cut Grades| 4Cs of Diamond Quality | DIAMOND CUT
DIAMOND CUT
Understanding Diamond Cut
How does pavilion depth affect a diamond’s cut?
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| Learn What Diamond Cut Actually Means and All About Diamond Cut Grades| 4Cs of Diamond Quality
DIAMOND CUT
Understanding Diamond Cut
Diamonds are renowned for their ability to transmit light and sparkle so intensely. We often think of a diamond’s cut as shape (round, heart, oval, marquise, pear), but what diamond cut actually does mean how well a diamond’s facets interact with light. Precise artistry and workmanship are required to fashion a stone so its proportions, symmetry and polish deliver the magnificent return of light only possible in a diamond.
Achieving the best cut for a diamond reflects in the stone’s final beauty and value. And of all the diamond 4Cs, it is the most complex and technically difficult to analyze. To determine the cut grade of the standard round brilliant diamond – the shape that dominates the majority of diamond jewelry – GIA calculates the proportions of those facets that influence the diamond’s face-up appearance. These proportions allow GIA to evaluate what the best cut for a diamond is, by studying how successfully a diamond interacts with light to create desirable visual effects, such as:
Brightness: Internal and external white light reflected from a diamond
Fire: The scattering of white light into all the colors of the rainbow
Scintillation: The amount of sparkle a diamond produces, and the pattern of light and dark areas caused by reflections within the diamond
This short video explains the GIA cut scale and how GIA classifies round brilliant cut diamonds with a cut grade ranging from Excellent to Poor by factoring in a range of parameters including the diamond’s proportions, culet size, girdle thickness, polish and symmetry descriptions.
GIA’s diamond cut grade also takes into account the design and craftsmanship of the diamond, including its weight relative to its diameter, its girdle thickness (which affects its durability), the symmetry of its facet arrangement, and the quality of polish on those facets.
The GIA Diamond Cut Scale for standard round brilliant diamonds in the D-to-Z diamond color range contains 5 grades ranging from Excellent to Poor and is the definitive scale for classifying diamond cuts.
How does pavilion depth affect a diamond’s cut?
The distance from the bottom of the girdle to the culet is the pavilion depth. A pavilion depth that’s too shallow or too deep will allow light to escape from the side of the stone or leak out of the bottom. A well-cut diamond will direct more light through the crown.
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4C s OF DIAMOND QUALITY
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| 4Cs of Diamond Quality by GIA | Learn about Diamond Buying | What are the Diamond 4Cs
4C s OF DIAMOND QUALITY
Beautiful. Rare. Cherished. Each diamond is unique and is a miracle of time, place and change. And each has specific qualities that establish its value.
Until the middle of the twentieth century, there was no agreed-upon standard by which diamonds could be judged. GIA created the first, and now globally accepted standard for describing diamonds: Color, Clarity, Cut and Carat Weight. Today, the 4Cs of Diamond Quality is the universal method for assessing the quality of any diamond, anywhere in the world. The creation of the Diamond 4Cs meant two very important things: diamond quality could be communicated in a universal language, and diamond customers could now know exactly what they were about to purchase.
As creator of the Diamond 4Cs and the International Diamond Grading System™, GIA is not only a global authority, but the world’s trusted source for unbiased assessment.
HOW TO CHOOSE A DIAMOND
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http://4cs.gia.edu/en-us/blog/diamond-fluorescence-good-bad/ | Is Diamond Fluorescence Good or Bad? | Is Diamond Fluorescence Good or Bad?
Is Diamond Fluorescence Good or Bad?
1. What is diamond fluorescence?
2. Do all diamonds fluoresce?
3. Is there a diamond fluorescence grade?
4. Will diamond fluorescence make a yellow diamond look whiter?
5. Can an average person tell the difference between diamonds that do and don’t fluoresce?
6. Is diamond fluorescence good or bad?
| Is Diamond Fluorescence Good or Bad?
More on Diamonds
Is Diamond Fluorescence Good or Bad?
May 10, 2016
What is diamond fluorescence? Is it good or bad? Should you buy (or not buy) a diamond because of it? These and other similar questions are often raised as diamond shoppers seek answers in making an informed buying decision.
In this post, we answer the most frequent questions about diamond fluorescence to help you choose your perfect diamond.
1. What is diamond fluorescence?
Fluorescence is the glow you sometimes see when an object emits visible light. Some diamonds fluoresce when they are exposed to ultraviolet (UV) rays from sources like the sun and fluorescent lamps. This can cause them to emit a bluish light or more rarely, a yellow or orangy light. Once the UV light source is removed, the diamond stops fluorescing.
2. Do all diamonds fluoresce?
No. Only about 25% to 35% of diamonds exhibit some degree of fluorescence.
3. Is there a diamond fluorescence grade?
GIA considers diamond fluorescence an identifying characteristic. It is not a grading factor like the GIA 4Cs ( color, clarity, cut, and carat weight ). GIA Diamond Grading Reports and Diamond Dossiers describe a diamond’s fluorescence by its intensity (None, Faint, Medium, Strong and Very Strong) when compared to masterstones used in the lab. If the fluorescence is Medium, Strong, or Very Strong, the color of the fluorescence will be noted.
Learn more about how GIA Diamond Grading Reports describe diamond color and fluorescence.
Blue is by far the most common fluorescence color in diamonds when they are exposed to longwave UV rays. Copyright: GIA and Harold & Erica Van Pelt. Courtesy: Harry Winston, Inc.
4. Will diamond fluorescence make a yellow diamond look whiter?
Some trade professionals think blue fluorescence enhances a diamond’s appearance, especially diamonds with I to M color grades. Bluish fluorescence can make a faint yellowish diamond appear more colorless in UV light, such as natural daylight. As a result, near colorless to faint yellow diamonds with a very strong to medium bluish fluorescence may have a slightly higher per carat price than similar diamonds that do not fluoresce.
The opposite is true for diamonds with higher color grades: diamonds in the D to H color range with a bluish fluorescence are often considered less desirable by the trade. Some believe that a bluish fluorescence may cause a hazy or oily appearance in these diamonds, but only if the fluorescence intensity is very strong. Not all diamonds with very strong bluish fluorescence look oily, however, and they may sell for less than diamonds that do not have blue fluorescence.
If you’re not yet familiar with the 23 color grades on the GIA Color Scale, you can learn more about them with the GIA Diamond Color Chart.
This comet design brooch of gold set with colorless and fancy colored diamonds showers sparks when exposed to UV light. Photo: Andrew Quinlan/GIA
5. Can an average person tell the difference between diamonds that do and don’t fluoresce?
GIA has studied the effect of blue fluorescence on diamond appearance. The Institute screened a large number of diamonds, assembling four sets of six diamonds, with each group representing a different color grade (E, G, I, and K). The diamonds in each set were as similar as possible in all respects except the intensity of blue fluorescence. Diamond graders, trained professionals, and average observers viewed the diamonds in controlled conditions to make a judgment about their appearance.
Here is what GIA found: “For the average observer, meant to represent the jewelry buying public, no systematic effects of blue fluorescence on the face-up appearance of the groups of diamonds were detected. Even experienced observers did not consistently agree on the effects of fluorescence from one stone to the next.”
Simply put, blue fluorescence had a negligible effect on the face-up appearance of diamonds in the colorless or near-colorless grade ranges (grades D through J) except for a slight improvement in the rare instances of very strong fluorescence intensity.
If you’d like to dig deeper into the science, read GIA’s research findings on diamond fluorescence.
On the left, a group of seven diamonds under daylight-equivalent illumination. On the right, the same diamonds fluorescing under long-wave UV illumination. Photo: Kevin Schumacher/GIA
6. Is diamond fluorescence good or bad?
Fluorescence is neither good nor bad. A diamond’s beauty is in the eye of the beholder. You may perceive fluorescence, or you may not. You may like it, or you may not.
If you are considering a diamond with bluish fluorescence, take the time to look at it under different kinds of lighting, including natural daylight, and compare it to other diamonds of the same color. See if you notice any difference.
This beautiful brooch contains several diamonds that fluoresce under longwave UV illumination.
Perhaps diamond fluorescence sparks so much conversation because its effect is so subjective. Opinions range across the spectrum. See if you notice it the next time you’re in a jewelry store – and then decide if it appeals to you. You should love what you end up buying. There’s no hard rule, so let your heart lead the way.
Now that you know more about fluorescence, you probably want to dig deeper into light’s effect on another aspect of diamond quality. Read on to learn how light affects a diamond’s cut appearance.
Main Image Copyright: GIA and Harold & Erica Van Pelt. Courtesy: Harry Winston, Inc. | msmarco_doc_00_26154506 |
http://4cs.gia.edu/en-us/blog/fascinating-faceted-cultured-pearl/ | The Fascinating Faceted Cultured Pearl | The Fascinating Faceted Cultured Pearl
The Fascinating Faceted Cultured Pearl | The Fascinating Faceted Cultured Pearl
The Fascinating Faceted Cultured Pearl
May 22, 2014
The pearl has been shrouded in myth and mystery since antiquity.
The ancient Romans imagined they were the tears of gods and angels. The ancient Chinese thought they offered protection from fire-breathing dragons. And Europeans believed they symbolized modesty, chastity, and purity.
In the 20 th century, the classic cultured pearl necklace became an essential fashion accessory, adorning icons of sophistication like Jackie Kennedy Onassis, Audrey Hepburn, and Coco Chanel.
Paspaley South Sea cultured pearl suite: necklace, bracelet, earring and ring. Courtesy of Fine Gems International
Pearls have been coveted for thousands of years, and in 1998, pearl lovers were given a new and unique option: the faceted cultured pearl. With up to 200 facets, these miniature marvels were the result of 20 years of experimentation by Komatsu Diamond Industry, a Japanese diamond-cutting company – and were a dramatic alternative from smoother surfaced cultured pearls.
From left to right: a faceted white South Sea cultured pearl; a faceted golden South Sea cultured pearl; and a faceted black Tahitian cultured pearl. Courtesy of Komatsu Diamond Industry
While only the finest cultured pearls were first faceted, cultured pearls of all qualities and colors are now cut and polished. To facet cultured pearls, gem cutters utilize the same cutting equipment that is used for cutting gemstones. Designers continue to experiment in pursuit of perfecting these geometric beauties.
“Nature makes pearls, and faceting brings out their beauty,” says award-winning designer Mark Schneider, who has earned a reputation for featuring faceted cultured pearls in his work. “I take what nature creates and put my fingerprints on it.”
A GIA Pearl Identification Report for faceted cultured pearls describes them using three of GIA’s 7 Pearl Value Factors ™: Size, Shape and Color. Due to the modified surface of faceted cultured pearls, the GIA reports do not describe Luster, Surface, Nacre Quality or Matching (if applicable).
The GIA Pearl Identification Report also identifies if the faceted cultured pearl is natural or cultured; the type of nucleation (bead or non-bead); mollusk (if determinable); the environment (saltwater or freshwater); and any detectable treatments. With this information, you can make your purchase with peace of mind.
Whether your taste is for the traditional or the Avant Garde, you’re sure to enjoy these unique creations.
“Equilibrium” ring has a faceted black Tahitian cultured pearl mounted in platinum. Gift of Mark Schneider.
Jewelry designer Mark Schneider says that architecture inspires his work, and his “Equilibrium” ring bears testimony. Winning first place in the 2004 American Vision Awards, Platinum Distinction category, the left and right portions of the ring shank, accented with diamonds, hold a faceted black Tahitian cultured pearl mounted in platinum. The bottom of the shank is black onyx. This ring would make a serious statement on the runway or at a red carpet gala.
“Pearl Protrusion”. A faceted white cultured pearl sits opposite a faceted black cultured pearl.
Jeffrey Appling won first place in the 2007 Jewelry Arts Awards, Rings category, for this eclectic piece named “Pearl Protrusion”. The contrast is striking: a faceted white cultured pearl sits opposite a faceted black cultured pearl (in the trade, the color may be referred to as “peacock,” which has a dark green-gray to blue-gray body color and a pink to purple overtone). The shank is decorated with tsavorite garnets and pink sapphires. The inside of the ring is rounded on the bottom to make the design not only unique, but also more comfortable to wear. Intricate engraving and an unorthodox setting are the finishing touches on this unusual work.
The Vertebrae collection by K. Brunini Jewels uses faceted black cultured pearls as the crowning ornament.
These two rings by K. Brunini Jewels draw their inspiration from nature. The ring on the left, from the Vertebrae collection, is meant to express the human center of energy. The ring on the right is from the Twig collection, where natural forms are forged into precious metal. Brunini adds tension to the mix by using faceted black cultured pearls as the crowning ornament.
Mark Schneider’s 2001 AGTA Spectrum Award-winning design features a faceted black Tahitian cultured pearl.
In Mark Schneider’s 2001 AGTA Spectrum Award-winning creation, a faceted black Tahitian cultured pearl holds center stage in this exquisite ring. The black opal inlay creates a waterfall effect. The bed of green tsavorite garnets bring to mind the ocean on a summer’s day.
What do you think of the faceted cultured pearl? Do you prefer the traditional un-faceted cultured pearl? Or do you like the unique, and are drawn to the unusual look of the faceted cultured pearl? | msmarco_doc_00_26160720 |
http://4cs.gia.edu/en-us/blog/majestic-jadeite-breaks-records-auction/ | Majestic Jadeite Breaks Records at Auction | Majestic Jadeite Breaks Records at Auction
Majestic Jadeite Breaks Records at Auction | Majestic Jadeite Breaks Records at Auction
Majestic Jadeite Breaks Records at Auction
June 25, 2014
Jadeite, the king of all jade, stole the show at Sotheby’s Hong Kong spring auction on April 7, 2014. Nearly 80% of 36 jadeite pieces available sold over their estimates, highlighting the recent incredible demand for the gem. The Hutton-Mdivani necklace (shown above), once owned by socialite and Woolworth heiress Barbara Hutton received the most attention at the auction earning a world auction record for any jadeite jewelry. It was purchased by the Cartier Collection for a record-setting $27.4 million (214,040,000 HKD).
Barbara Hutton wearing the Hutton-Mdivani necklace at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York in 1933, accompanied by her first husband Prince Alexis Mdivani. Hutton may have received the necklace from her father as a wedding gift. Image Courtesy of Sotheby’s.
The Hutton-Mdivani necklace is crafted from 27 jadeite beads, which date back to the late Qing dynasty, graduating from 15 to 19 mm. It’s accented with an Art Deco Cartier clasp set with rubies and baguette diamonds. The process of cutting the beads from one large jade boulder and precise color-matching adds to this piece’s incredible value.
The Highly Important Jadeite Bangle, has an inner diameter and thickness of approximately 55.45 – 47.30 x 13.41mm. It sold at Sotheby’s Hong Kong for over $5.6 million USD (43,800,000 HKD). Image courtesy of Sotheby’s.
Known as “the stone of heaven,” jade is revered in Chinese culture and commonly worn as a protective ornament, often in the shape of a bangle. Modern gemologists use the term jade to refer to both jadeite and nephrite, but today it’s jadeite that’s the most prized material. Ancient Chinese artisans carved tools and sculptures using nephrite jade until jadeite jade–with its vivid, green color and fine transparency–reached their country from Burmese mines (present day Myanmar) in the mid-18 th century. Some traders estimate that only 10 to 20 years of jadeite reserves are left. This shrinking supply, combined with China’s new wealth and love for luxury, is driving collectors to pay top dollar for superior jadeite.
A lavender jadeite bead necklace with emerald green jadeite bead spacers with a clasp fashioned from a green jadeite cabochon (left) sold at the Sotheby’s Hong Kong auction for over $120,000 USD (937,500 HKD). The necklace and bracelet set (right) which features lavender jadeite cabochons sold for over $27,000 USD (212,500 HKD). Image courtesy of Sotheby’s.
Color is jadeite’s most important value factor. An even tone and strong saturation increases the worth of this gem. The most coveted “Imperial” jadeite is a pure, penetrating green with no hint of gray. But the mineral also comes in a variety of other hues including lavender, white, yellow to reddish orange, brown, gray and black. Spring hues of lavender jadeite captivated buyers at this auction as well.
The Laughing Buddha (right) and Guan Yin (left) pendants illustrate the translucent tones of jadeite. The pair sold for more than $12,000 USD (93,750 HKD) at Sotheby’s Hong Kong auction. Image courtesy of Sotheby’s.
Transparency and texture also help determine jadeite’s value. Top-quality jadeite is semi-transparent, and has a fine texture that feels smooth to the skin. Manufacturers can treat jadeite with dye, wax or plastic impregnation to make it appear more attractive. Some treatments a trained gemologist can easily identify, but other treatments are difficult to detect and require advanced testing techniques used by laboratories. All treatments should be disclosed.
Are you considering a jadeite addition to your jewelry collection? GIA’s Jade Buying Guide is a helpful reference filled with tips and factors you should consider before making a purchase. | msmarco_doc_00_26166022 |
http://4cs.gia.edu/en-us/blog/neil-lane-engagement-ring-designer-interview/ | Neil Lane Engagement Ring Designer Interview | Q&A with Neil Lane: Engagement Ring Designer to the Stars
Q&A with Neil Lane: Engagement Ring Designer to the Stars | Neil Lane Engagement Ring Designer Interview
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Q&A with Neil Lane: Engagement Ring Designer to the Stars
January 17, 2017
Neil Lane engagement rings are coveted by celebrities, brides-to-be and contestants vying for a “final rose” on ABC-TV’s hit reality show “The Bachelor.” Find out how the Brooklyn-raised artist became a designer to the stars.
For this post, we turn to guest blogger and industry veteran Dawn Moore, who mined her contacts to get an exclusive interview with Neil Lane. Read on to learn how humble beginnings, a chance encounter in Paris and a life-long love affair with antique jewelry made him one of the most sought-after engagement ring designers in the industry.
Neil Lane meets with contestant Nick Viall on ABC-TV’s “Bachelor in Paradise.” Nick will try for love again as he stars as “The Bachelor” in the show’s 21st season debuting January 2017. Photo: Rick Rowell. Courtesy: ABC Copyright: 2016 American Broadcasting Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
DM: How did you become Hollywood’s go-to jeweler for vintage engagement rings?
Neil Lane: When I came to California in the late 1980’s, I had a little counter at a vintage mall called Antiquarius in Beverly Hills and I didn’t really know where I was within Los Angeles or even in relation to Hollywood. Barbra Streisand and Goldie Hawn were my first clients at that little counter. I never really liked diamonds per se, that really wasn’t my thing. Actually, I didn’t even like engagement rings – it’s kind of crazy. They were annoying to me! My expertise was in 19th century gold. But I really started looking and studying these Edwardian and Art Deco engagement rings and began to love them. I would study the detail – tiny little diamonds, curves, millgrain, unusual stones, and I was fascinated.
Eventually, Hollywood started appreciating antique and vintage styles and young celebrities were looking for something different. I started making rings for their engagements. I made so many engagement rings – people liked my aesthetic and I began to get noticed.
This Art Deco diamond and emerald engagement ring from the Neil Lane Archival Collection takes us a step back in time. Courtesy: Neil Lane
DM: You were going to be an artist – a painter – what turned your creativity to jewels?
Neil Lane: Because I loved the flea market! As a teenager in Brooklyn, I was fascinated by what people threw out. I grew up in a house with antiques. My father would say, “Be careful, that’s expensive!” So I had this concept that older objects were more valuable. I was in high school and I was exhibiting at the Brooklyn Museum.
DM: Wait… you were exhibiting your painting at the Brooklyn Museum while you were still in high school? Something in you must have shifted…
Neil Lane: What shifted was, I was finding these things in the street – you know I never worked for anyone – and I discovered the Sunday 26th Street Flea Market. I didn’t even have a table – I’d put my items on a cloth and I’d make $300 at 17 years old. Then I’d go home and paint and draw. With this money I went to Paris.
DM: Paris is definitely vintage jewelry heaven! Did you go with the intent to start collecting?
Neil Lane: No! I went to see the Mona Lisa. I took the ferry from Dover to Calais and then that long schlep into Paris. My first night I went to the Louvre. I walked past The Winged Victory and ran down the hall asking, “Where’s the Mona Lisa?” And when I found it and saw it’s actual size, I thought, “That’s it?”
DM: Tell us about the jewel that sparked your business…
Neil Lane: I might have been 20 or 22, drawing and painting in Paris – studying art in the museums. But I was becoming fascinated by enameled jewelry and color and started buying little bits of art nouveau jewelry – not expensive.
One day, wandering the rue du Faubourg Saint-Honore I found myself in front of a store. In the window was a demon-like brooch with a big pearl in its belly and a big diamond in its mouth covered in red and green enamel. I couldn’t take my eyes off it! The shop was closed, but I kept knocking on the door until they finally let me in and showed me the brooch. It was priced at $4,000 – an incredible sum at the time: I only had $10,000 to last me for my entire trip. I tried to negotiate with them and they threw me out.
I probably walked around the block 30 times until I went back to shop and the same routine – but this time I bought the brooch. And I trembled with it. It was my first visceral, experience with jewelry.
The dragon diamond and pearl brooch that sparked Neil Lane’s interest in vintage jewelry during his studies in Paris. Courtesy: Neil Lane
DM: Fancy cuts and colored diamonds are clearly your passion. What are you looking for in a stone?
Neil Lane: Shape, shape, shape. I’m a very visual person. Shapes inform me, they teach me. A lot of the cuts today are based on the yield, but they didn’t have that technology 100 years ago, so some of the diamonds are much more lumpy and imperfect – they have character. So when you find an Asscher cut from the 1920’s, there is much diamond material above the girdle and when you look into it you can see eternity. I just fall in love with these old diamonds.
Neil Lane engagement rings are inspired by his passion for vintage and antique jewelry. This 4.5 carat (ct) Asscher cut diamond Edwardian engagement ring is from the Neil Lane Archival Collection. Courtesy: Neil Lane
DM: Your sophisticated eye for the glamour of estate diamonds translates beautifully in your collection for Kay Jewelers.
Neil Lane: I believed intuitively that bridal would be for me a very, very important part of my life, so it was a kismet moment with Kay Jewelers. We had a great first meeting where I described to them what I thought America should do (laughs). I thought America was ready for pretty. I also suggested they should sell cushion-cut diamonds. When Jenna Dewan received a cushion cut for her engagement to Channing Tatum it got a lot of attention. The next year, the cushion collection was the best seller. Then we started introducing my aesthetic: pear shapes, marquise shapes, and it was fantastic.
A 5 ct round-cut diamond has the starring role in this Neil Lane engagement ring designed for actress Jennifer Hudson’s engagement to David Otunga. Courtesy: Neil Lane
DM: What trends do you see in engagement rings? Are we ever going to see yellow gold prevail again?
Neil Lane: I worked with athlete Amy Purdy to design a yellow gold ring with a cognac diamond surrounded by filigree and beadwork. The Miley Cyrus ring got a lot of attention – that was yellow gold. I created an Art Nouveau style ring – hand chased with a vintage diamond. Yellow gold is a beautiful thing. I don’t like to make claims … but I don’t think we’re going to see yellow gold take over again. What’s doing very well is rose gold and we mix it with white gold and it’s very, very pretty. It’s evocative of a past.
The Neil Lane engagement ring for athlete Amy Purdy. The yellow gold and platinum vintage-style engagement ring features a brown cushion-cut diamond. Courtesy: Neil Lane
DM: You’ve loaned jewels to some of the most stunning women in Hollywood. Your designs are on their ring fingers and you have one of the world’s premier vintage jewelry collections. What’s still looming out there for you?
Neil Lane: Interesting… Maybe taking my design elements into china patterns or a silver vase or linens. Or maybe… a wedding dress!
ABC-TV’s “The Bachelor” Nick Viall © 2016 American Broadcasting Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
DM: Speaking of weddings – don’t miss Neil Lane’s guest appearance on the 21st season of ABC-TV’s hit reality series “The Bachelor” as he helps Nick Viall pick out an engagement ring – or so we hope! After being a castoff as a runner-up on two episodes of “The Bachelorette,” we hope to hear wedding bells for Nick Viall and his ladylove.
More posts by Dawn Moore:
The Five Non-Negotiable Rules for Buying Jewelry Online
Pearl Jewelry Essentials: 5 Easy Pieces
A Conversation with Martin Katz – A Jeweler Like No Other
GIA Guest Blogger: Dawn Moore, GIA AJP
Drawing on her experience as Regional Director at Harry Winston, Mikimoto and Chopard, Dawn Moore writes about world-class jewels for The Huffington Post, C Magazine, The Los Angeles Times and Santa Barbara Magazine. Read more about her: www.mooreabout.com
(Main image: Neil Lane engagement rings get their start at the drafting table. Courtesy: Neil Lane) | msmarco_doc_00_26170245 |
http://4cs.gia.edu/en-us/blog/understanding-diamond-fluorescence/ | Understanding Diamond Fluorescence - GIA 4Cs | Understanding Diamond Fluorescence
Understanding Diamond Fluorescence
What is diamond fluorescence?
Is fluorescence common?
What impact does fluorescence have on the appearance of a diamond?
Does fluorescence compromise the structural integrity of the diamond?
Should I buy a diamond that exhibits fluorescence?
| Understanding Diamond Fluorescence - GIA 4Cs
Understanding Diamond Fluorescence
May 09, 2012
Have you ever noticed the term “Fluorescence” on a GIA Diamond Grading Report? Did you know that some, but not all, diamonds show effects under ultraviolet light?
For most people who purchase diamonds, fluorescence will be a non-issue, but some might be confused by the term. Below are commonly asked questions, and helpful answers from GIA researchers who have studied fluorescence in depth.
What is diamond fluorescence?
Diamond fluorescence, in its most simple form, is the effect that ultraviolet (UV) light has on a diamond. When you stand under a blue light or ultraviolet light, sometimes you can see your whites get brighter or your teeth appear to glow. This is the same effect the diamond has under the UV rays. Fluorescence is the visible light that a diamond emits when it is exposed to the UV rays.
On a GIA Diamond Grading Report, fluorescence refers to the strength, or intensity, of the diamond’s reaction to long-wave UV, which is an essential component of daylight. The light emitted lasts as long as the diamond is exposed to the ultraviolet source.
Is fluorescence common?
Yes. Of the diamonds submitted to GIA over the past decade, approximately 25% to 35% exhibit some degree of fluorescence. However, only 10% of those show strengths of fluorescence that may affect appearance (i.e., strengths noted on laboratory reports as medium, strong, or very strong).
In more than 95% of the diamonds that exhibit fluorescence, the visible color is blue. As blue is the complementary color to yellow, the most common tinted color in diamonds, blue fluorescence can make yellowish diamonds look white or colorless. In rare instances, the reaction to fluorescence is yellow, white or another color.
What impact does fluorescence have on the appearance of a diamond?
GIA studies show that for the overwhelming majority of diamonds, the strength of fluorescence has no widely noticeable effect on appearance. In the GIA Fluorescence Study, it was found that the average person could not make a distinction between a diamond with fluorescence and a diamond without.
In many instances, observers prefer the appearance of diamonds that have medium to strong fluorescence. In rare cases, some diamonds with extremely strong fluorescence may appear hazy or oily; fewer than 0.2% of the fluorescent diamonds submitted to GIA exhibit this effect
Does fluorescence compromise the structural integrity of the diamond?
No. A diamond that fluoresces has the same integrity as one with no reaction to UV. Submicroscopic substitutions and/or shifts in the diamond structure can cause fluorescence or can prevent it. Nothing in either instance inherently weakens or is bad for the diamond.
Should I buy a diamond that exhibits fluorescence?
The preference to buy a diamond that exhibits fluorescence is a personal one, as a diamond’s appearance must be taken as a whole. Other factors can influence color appearance more strongly than fluorescence, such as how the diamond has been cut, whether the diamond is viewed in natural or artificial light, and even what you’re wearing on any given day. | msmarco_doc_00_26179477 |
http://4cs.gia.edu/en-us/diamond-carat-weight/ | Learn What Carat Means and What Diamond Carat Measures | 4Cs of Diamond Quality by GIA | DIAMOND CARAT WEIGHT
DIAMOND CARAT WEIGHT
Diamond Carat Weight Measures a Diamond’s Apparent Size
How did the carat system start?
What are “magic sizes”?
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| Learn What Carat Means and What Diamond Carat Measures | 4Cs of Diamond Quality by GIA
DIAMOND CARAT WEIGHT
Diamond Carat Weight Measures a Diamond’s Apparent Size
To put it simply, diamond carat weight measures how much a diamond weighs.
A metric “carat” is defined as 200 milligrams. Each carat is subdivided into 100 ‘points.’ This allows very precise measurements to the hundredth decimal place. A jeweler may describe the weight of a diamond below one carat by its ‘points’ alone. For instance, the jeweler may refer to a diamond that weighs 0.25 carats as a ‘twenty-five pointer.’ Diamond weights greater than one carat are expressed in carats and decimals. A 1.08 carat stone would be described as ‘one point oh eight carats.’
All else being equal, diamond price increases with diamond carat weight because larger diamonds are rarer and more desirable. However, two diamonds of equal carat weight can have very different values (and prices) depending on three other factors of the diamond 4Cs: Color, Clarity, and Cut.
While now you know what carat means, it’s also important to remember that a diamond’s value is determined using all of the 4Cs, and not just carat weight.
This short video explains carat weight and shows how diamonds are weighed in GIA’s lab on an extremely precise electronic scale.
How did the carat system start?
In order to understand what a diamond carat measures, it would help to know the origins of the modern carat system. Carat weight started with the carob seed, when early gem traders used the small, uniform seeds as counterweights in their balance scales. Today, the carat is the same milligram weight in every corner of the world.
What are “magic sizes”?
Some weights are considered “magic sizes” – half carat, three-quarter carat, and carat. Visually, there’s little difference between a 0.99 carat diamond and one that weighs a full carat. But the price differences between the two can be significant.
HOW TO CHOOSE A DIAMOND
Learn about the 4Cs and how to choose a diamond.
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RELATED TOPICS
DIAMOND COLOR
WHAT IS DIAMOND CLARITY?
DIAMOND CUT
HOW TO BUY A DIAMOND
DIAMOND ORIGIN
GIA 4Cs APP
Learn more about buying a diamond with the GIA 4Cs app. | msmarco_doc_00_26183220 |
http://4cs.gia.edu/en-us/diamond-clarity/ | What is Diamond Clarity | The 4Cs of Diamond Quality by GIA | WHAT IS DIAMOND CLARITY?
WHAT IS DIAMOND CLARITY?
Diamond Clarity Refers to the Absence of Inclusions and Blemishes
How did the GIA Clarity Scale come to be?
What causes inclusions?
| What is Diamond Clarity | The 4Cs of Diamond Quality by GIA
WHAT IS DIAMOND CLARITY?
Diamond Clarity Refers to the Absence of Inclusions and Blemishes
To understand diamond clarity, we must first understand how diamonds are created. Natural diamonds are the result of carbon exposed to tremendous heat and pressure deep in the earth. This process can result in a variety of internal characteristics called ‘inclusions’ and external characteristics called ‘blemishes.’
Evaluating diamond clarity involves determining the number, size, relief, nature, and position of these characteristics, as well as how these affect the overall appearance of the stone. If you are trying to determine what is the best clarity for a diamond, remember that no diamond is perfectly pure. But the closer it comes to purity, the better its clarity.
The GIA Diamond Clarity Scale has 6 categories, some of which are divided, for a total of 11 specific grades.
Flawless (FL) No inclusions and no blemishes visible under 10x magnification
Internally Flawless (IF) No inclusions visible under 10x magnification
Very, Very Slightly Included (VVS1 and VVS2) Inclusions so slight they are difficult for a skilled grader to see under 10x magnification
Very Slightly Included (VS1 and VS2) Inclusions are observed with effort under 10x magnification, but can be characterized as minor
Slightly Included (SI1 and SI2) Inclusions are noticeable under 10x magnification
Included (I1, I2, and I3) Inclusions are obvious under 10x magnification which may affect transparency and brilliance
This short video explains the GIA clarity scale and how GIA classifies diamonds with a clarity grade ranging from Flawless to I 3 by using a 10X magnification loupe and a microscope to see and plot the diamond’s inclusions.
Many inclusions and blemishes are too tiny to be seen by anyone other than a trained diamond grader. To the naked eye, a VS1 and an SI2 diamond may look exactly the same, but these diamonds are quite different in terms of overall quality. This is why expert and accurate assessment of diamond clarity is extremely important. Knowing what diamond clarity truly means helps you understand the factors that contribute to diamond quality and price.
How did the GIA Clarity Scale come to be?
Like the color scale, GIA’s clarity grading system developed because jewelers were using terms that could be misinterpreted, “loupe clean” or “piqué.” Today, even if you buy a diamond somewhere else in the world, the jeweler will most likely use terms like VVS1 or SI2 to indicate the clarity of a diamond, even if his or her language is French or Japanese instead of English.
What causes inclusions?
Small crystals can become trapped in a diamond when it’s forming. Sometimes as a crystal grows, it can develop irregularities in its atomic structure. The size, position and visibility of inclusions can have a significant impact on diamond clarity. | msmarco_doc_00_26187439 |
http://4cs.gia.edu/en-us/diamond-color/ | Learn What Diamond Color Is and What it Means | GIA 4Cs of Diamond Quality | DIAMOND COLOR
DIAMOND COLOR
Diamond Color Actually Means Lack of Color
Why does the GIA color grading system start at D?
Are diamonds graded as Z s considered fancy-color?
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| Learn What Diamond Color Is and What it Means | GIA 4Cs of Diamond Quality
DIAMOND COLOR
Diamond Color Actually Means Lack of Color
Understanding what diamond color means helps in choosing the right diamond. Interestingly, the diamond color evaluation of most gem-quality diamonds is based on the absence of color. A chemically pure and structurally perfect diamond has no hue, like a drop of pure water, and consequently, a higher value. GIA’s D-to-Z diamond color-grading system measures the degree of colorlessness by comparing a stone under controlled lighting and precise viewing conditions to masterstones of established color value.
Many of these diamond color distinctions are so subtle that they are invisible to the untrained eye; however, these distinctions make a very big difference in diamond quality and price. Hence, it is important to get a GIA expert’s opinion in evaluating the best color for your diamond.
This short video explains the GIA color scale and how GIA classifies a diamond with a letter grade from D-to-Z by comparing it to masterstones representing the color grades on the GIA scale.
Why does the GIA color grading system start at D?
Before GIA universalized the D-to-Z Color Grading Scale, there was no clear standard to define what diamond color is. A variety of other systems were used loosely, from A, B, and C (used without clear definition), to Arabic (0, 1, 2, 3) and Roman (I, II, III) numbers, to descriptive terms like “gem blue” or “blue white,” which are notorious for misinterpretation. So, the creators of the GIA Color Scale wanted to start fresh, without any association with earlier systems. Thus the GIA scale starts at the letter D. Very few people still cling to other grading systems, and no other system has the clarity and universal acceptance of the GIA scale.
Are diamonds graded as Z s considered fancy-color?
No. Naturally colored diamonds outside the normal color range are called fancy-color diamonds. The FTC provides no guidelines for the use of the term “fancy-color” in the US, but there is general agreement in the international trade about what diamond color range is customary for fancy-color diamonds. These are either yellow or brown diamonds that have more color than a Z master stone or they exhibit a color other than yellow or brown.
HOW TO CHOOSE A DIAMOND
Learn about the 4Cs and how to choose a diamond.
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GIA RETAILER LOOKUP
Find a retailer that offers GIA-graded diamonds.
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Learn more about buying a diamond with the GIA 4Cs app. | msmarco_doc_00_26190808 |
http://4cs.gia.edu/en-us/diamond-cut/ | Learn What Diamond Cut Actually Means and All About Diamond Cut Grades| 4Cs of Diamond Quality | DIAMOND CUT
DIAMOND CUT
Understanding Diamond Cut
How does pavilion depth affect a diamond’s cut?
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| Learn What Diamond Cut Actually Means and All About Diamond Cut Grades| 4Cs of Diamond Quality
DIAMOND CUT
Understanding Diamond Cut
Diamonds are renowned for their ability to transmit light and sparkle so intensely. We often think of a diamond’s cut as shape (round, heart, oval, marquise, pear), but what diamond cut actually does mean how well a diamond’s facets interact with light. Precise artistry and workmanship are required to fashion a stone so its proportions, symmetry and polish deliver the magnificent return of light only possible in a diamond.
Achieving the best cut for a diamond reflects in the stone’s final beauty and value. And of all the diamond 4Cs, it is the most complex and technically difficult to analyze. To determine the cut grade of the standard round brilliant diamond – the shape that dominates the majority of diamond jewelry – GIA calculates the proportions of those facets that influence the diamond’s face-up appearance. These proportions allow GIA to evaluate what the best cut for a diamond is, by studying how successfully a diamond interacts with light to create desirable visual effects, such as:
Brightness: Internal and external white light reflected from a diamond
Fire: The scattering of white light into all the colors of the rainbow
Scintillation: The amount of sparkle a diamond produces, and the pattern of light and dark areas caused by reflections within the diamond
This short video explains the GIA cut scale and how GIA classifies round brilliant cut diamonds with a cut grade ranging from Excellent to Poor by factoring in a range of parameters including the diamond’s proportions, culet size, girdle thickness, polish and symmetry descriptions.
GIA’s diamond cut grade also takes into account the design and craftsmanship of the diamond, including its weight relative to its diameter, its girdle thickness (which affects its durability), the symmetry of its facet arrangement, and the quality of polish on those facets.
The GIA Diamond Cut Scale for standard round brilliant diamonds in the D-to-Z diamond color range contains 5 grades ranging from Excellent to Poor and is the definitive scale for classifying diamond cuts.
How does pavilion depth affect a diamond’s cut?
The distance from the bottom of the girdle to the culet is the pavilion depth. A pavilion depth that’s too shallow or too deep will allow light to escape from the side of the stone or leak out of the bottom. A well-cut diamond will direct more light through the crown.
HOW TO CHOOSE A DIAMOND
Learn about the 4Cs and how to choose a diamond.
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RELATED TOPICS
DIAMOND COLOR
WHAT IS DIAMOND CLARITY?
DIAMOND CARAT WEIGHT
HOW TO BUY A DIAMOND
DIAMOND ORIGIN
GIA 4Cs APP
Learn more about buying a diamond with the GIA 4Cs app. | msmarco_doc_00_26195276 |
http://4cs.gia.edu/en-us/how-gia-grades-diamonds/ | About GIA Diamond Grading | 4Cs of Diamond Quality by GIA | GIA GRADING
GIA GRADING
The Original Source for Diamond Grading
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| About GIA Diamond Grading | 4Cs of Diamond Quality by GIA
GIA GRADING
The Original Source for Diamond Grading
Before GIA created the 4Cs of Diamond Quality and the International Diamond Grading System™, there were as many ways to describe diamonds, as there were methods for evaluating their quality.
Then in the 1940s and 50s, GIA transformed the way diamonds were bought and sold by doing three things:
Creating a common language for diamonds. The 4Cs and the GIA International Diamond Grading System™ provide a consistent way to describe a diamond’s characteristics.
Establishing the methods and best practices used to grade diamonds.
Issuing the first GIA Diamond Grading Report, as a way to consistently and accurately communicate grading results.
GIA’s innovations have been adopted universally. In every corner of the world, virtually every diamond is described using the language GIA developed. Other reports from other entities have since made their way into the marketplace, but GIA is recognized as the original and unrivaled source for accuracy and integrity in diamond grading.
The GIA Diamond Grading Report contains scientifically determined information on diamond shape, color, clarity, cut, carat weight, proportions and finish. It also identifies any known treatments.
The GIA Diamond Origin Report represents GIA’s latest innovation in diamond identification. In addition to a full, unbiased 4Cs assessment, the report also identifies the diamond’s country of origin.
The GIA Diamond Dossier® is a more concise, compact version of the GIA Diamond Grading Report and is available for diamonds that weigh between 0.15 and 1.99 carats. This report includes all the important 4Cs grading results as the Diamond Grading Report, but does not include the plotted diagram. GIA also offers online-only reports with full 4Cs grading results: the GIA Diamond eReport and the GIA Diamond Focus™ Report.
As an added security measure, GIA also offers optional laser inscription with its reports (included with the Diamond Origin, Diamond Dossier and Diamond Focus Report) where the diamond’s report number is inscribed on the diamond’s girdle. GIA can also inscribe customized messages, dates, text and symbols that not only personalize a diamond, but allow for easy identification.
HOW TO CHOOSE A DIAMOND
Learn about the 4Cs and how to choose a diamond.
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RELATED TOPICS
GRADING THE 4C s
DIAMOND GRADING REPORTS
WHY ASK FOR A GRADING REPORT?
DIAMOND ORIGIN
GIA 4Cs APP
Learn more about buying a diamond with the GIA 4Cs app. | msmarco_doc_00_26199941 |
http://4daydiet.net/page3.html | 4DayDiet.net - The 4 Day Stewardess Diet | The 4 Day Stewardess Diet
The 4 Day Stewardess Diet | 4DayDiet.net - The 4 Day Stewardess Diet
The 4 Day Stewardess Diet
It’s a fact: fad diets come and go. But the concept of diet and exercise to achieve weight loss has been around for centuries. In fact, CNN recently released a news article summarizing some of the most famous diets recorded. It lists that Lord Byron came up with the idea of combining water with apple cider vinegar in 1820, and that the diet actually became popular. The Grapefruit Diet or Hollywood Diet was borne in the 1930s and as its name suggests, it was a low calorie diet that prescribed grapefruit to be eaten with every meal. The infamous Cookie Diet was borne in 1975 by a Florida doctor. It’s premise? Eat cookies and lots of them. While Hollywood ate up this diet with aficionado, the amino acid based Cookie Diet craze didn’t last long.
While you may not be like President William Howard Taft, who resolved to shed some pounds after getting stuck in the bathtub at the White House, and you may not jump on the fad diet bandwagon, if you’re interested in slimming down in just a few days, the 4 day stewardess diet just might be the solution.
4 Day Diet in a Nut Shell
The origins of 4 day diet plans began with Margaret Danbroke in 1985 with her book, The 4 Day Wonder Diet . Since then there have been alterations in her prescribed plan, but 4 day diets are generally based in the idea of consuming ultra-low levels of calories over the course of 4 days. Approved food items include lean protein, fish, and fruits and vegetables, but serving sizes are extremely small. Keep in mind that while foods that are acceptable to eat on this diet can come from a variety of sources, the diet isn’t something to continue beyond the four day mark simply because the caloric intake and nutrients are so limited.
4 Day Diet Options
The results of following 4 day diet guidelines vary from person to person, but it’s reported that you can lose anywhere from 2 to 10 pounds. Various menu options and diet guidelines are published online. Most of them limit carbohydrates and encourage the consumption of lots of water. A few plans recommend the elimination of caffeine and others allow diet soda, coffee and tea. Day one for one menu option looks like this:
Option 1
Breakfast: 1 hard-boiled egg, ½ orange
Lunch: 3.5 ounce water packed tuna, 3.5 ounce lettuce, 2 radishes
Dinner: 6 ounce chicken breast, ½ cup boiled spinach, ½ tomato, ½ apple
While the above menu provides protein from a variety of sources and incudes fruits and vegetables, it lacks key nutrients like vitamin D and calcium. Some dieticians recommend that if you want to try the diet, include whole grains and low-fat or nonfat dairy to meet your nutritional needs.
Another option is the Master Cleanse or Lemonade Diet. It’s a fast and requires participants to concoct and consume this beverage:
Option 2: the Master Cleanse
2 tablespoons lemon juice, freshly squeezed
2 tablespoons organic maple syrup
1 dash cayenne pepper
10 ounces water
Some recommend 10 days or longer fasting, but participants on fasts of any sort generally feel weak and lethargic, even if the fast lasts 3 or 4 days in length.
Why the Diet is Popular
4 day diets are used by people looking to shed a few pounds quickly. They are popular because they produce results in only 4 days. It’s important to remember that while weight loss will occur, intense, short-term dieting is not intended to produce long term weight loss. You might, however, consider it as a way to kick start your longer term weight loss goals.
Who Might Consider 4 Day Diets
From a nutritional perspective, an extremely caloric restrictive diet that lasts four days cannot provide adequate nutrients for your body. Conversely, it’s only four days of restriction so the nutritional consequences may not be all that bad. Individuals who are looking to shed a few pounds before a big event like a wedding or a vacation can do so by following the guidelines of any of the published 4 day stewardess diets. Fasting and ultra-restrictive diets are not acceptable for women who are pregnant or lactating, and they are not recommended for individuals with nutritional deficiencies, diabetes and other health related concerns.
Food for Thought
You can do anything for 4 days. While different 4 day diets are not intended to last longer than 4 days, it’s surprising what dieting strategies and goals you can achieve in that short period of time. If you’re looking for a way to control food choices and to improve your success in dieting, one of the 4 day diet strategies can help. Typically the downfall of dieting is that menu options are limited and participants get bored eating the same thing. Four days’ worth of dieting, however, isn’t generally enough time to get fed up with boring foods.
The 4 day stewardess diet is a short-term plan without any guidelines for weight loss maintenance, but the concept of consuming lower calories and eating a variety of lean proteins, fruits and vegetables is a good foundation for future eating.
PLEASE NOTE: Saperecom does not provide medical or any other health care advice, diagnosis or treatment. see additional information
| msmarco_doc_00_26204319 |
http://4degreez.com/misc/hypochondria_test.html | Hypochondria Test | Hypochondria Test
Hypochondria Test | Hypochondria Test
Hypochondria Test
Are you a man or a woman?
Man
Woman
How often do you worry about your health?
Almost all the time
Sometimes
Rarely
Do your worries distract you from enjoying normal activities?
Yes, regularly
Yes, sometimes
Rarely
Do your worries make it difficult for you to concentrate at work?
Yes, regularly
Yes, sometimes
Rarely
Do you frequently visit health-related web sites?
Almost every day
Maybe once a week
Rarely ever
Have you gone to the doctor and he or she was unable to find anything wrong with you?
Yes
No
Do you frequently think about what would happen if you were to die?
Yes
No
Are other people tired of hearing about your ailment (s)?
Yes
No
When you feel an ache or pain, do you instinctively wonder what serious illness might be causing it?
Yes
No
Do you get frustrated when others dismiss your health worries?
Yes
No
Would you trade your life savings in exchange for a guarantee that you don't have a particular disease?
Yes
Maybe
No
Are you afraid to see a doctor for fear of what he or she might tell you?
Yes
No
Do you make yourself upset contemplating your mortality?
Yes
No
Would you say you have a lot of stress?
Yes
No
Do you Google your symptoms regularly?
Yes
No
How many distinct illnesses have you been convinced you had in the last three years?
Zero One Two Three Four Five Six or more
Do people take your pains seriously?
Yes
No
Are you self-educated about any of these terms: glioma, globus, Crohn's, pleurisy?
Yes
No
Have you been seriously distressed over your heartbeat, breathing, a rash, a nosebleed, or a headache, and it turned out to be nothing?
Yes
No
Have you switched doctors because you believed your regular doc wasn't taking your complaints seriously?
Yes
No
Do you think you have obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) when it comes to avoiding germs?
Yes
Maybe
No
When reading about a disease, does the thought that you might have some of the symptoms cross your mind?
Yes
No
Can medical web sites cause mood swings, sometimes bringing you great relief and other times bringing depression and worry?
Yes
No
Do you have recurring fears about cancer, AIDS, and other diseases with low cure rates?
Yes
No
Have you been called "neurotic" or "crazy" by others over your health concerns?
Yes
No
Do you have more aches and pains than the average person?
Yes
No
That's it! To get your results, click the button on the right------>
| msmarco_doc_00_26210000 |
http://4degreez.com/misc/seven_deadly_sins.html | Seven Deadly Sins Quiz - What's Your Sin? | The Seven Deadly Sins Quiz
The Seven Deadly Sins Quiz | Seven Deadly Sins Quiz - What's Your Sin?
The Seven Deadly Sins Quiz
Your age:
Your gender:
Male Female
1. Check all that apply to you and your vehicle:
I own a gas-powered vehicle
My vehicle is a sports car, luxury car, or SUV
My vehicle was bought second-hand
I really want a bigger/better/faster vehicle
A friend of mine has a vehicle I'm jealous of
It's safe to say that I ride in style
My vehicle is very fuel efficient
I prefer to walk whenever possible
2. Check all that apply to your charitable nature:
I give more than 15% of my earnings to charity
I give between 5% and 15% of my earnings to charity
I give to charity, but less than 5% of my earnings
I devote several weeks or more per year doing volunteer work
I devote several days per year doing volunteer work
I'm always willing to lend a hand
3. Check any scenario in which you might lose your temper:
A pushy salesman won't take no for an answer
A dinner serving at a restaurant arrives cold
A know-it-all coworker or classmate makes you look foolish
Your girl/boyfriend won't stop nagging you
4. Check all that apply to you and your computer:
It's the latest and greatest
It's cheap or old, but gets the job done
When it malfunctions, I want to smash it
If you looked, you might find dirty pictures on it
I spend hours on it playing games or web surfing
I own several personal-use computers
5. Check any of the following that you would refrain from doing, based on your morality:
Spend a lot of money on a house, car, TV, etc.
Date several people at once
Talk publicly about your spiritual piety
Use drugs/alcohol at parties
"Settle a score" with someone who wronged you
6. Check all that apply to you and your work/school:
I work so hard, I barely have time to sleep
I avoid work whenever possible
I'll work hard but draw the line to create personal time
I'm working hard now so that I'll earn a lot of money
"Work hard, party hard" is my motto
If I got a raise, I'd give more to charity
7. Check all that apply to you and exercise:
I usually don't stick to an exercise routine
I exercise to improve my health
I exercise to improve my looks
I exercise to be stronger in fights
Gyms are good places to check out attractive people
8. Check all that apply to your love life:
I hate seeing happy couples fawning over each other
I am in a happy, secure relationship or marriage
I am in a conflicted relationship or marriage
I'd like to date but lack the motivation to pursue it
People are jealous of me for my attractive significant other
My current relationship is okay, but I'd like something better
9. Check all of the following that you have no moral objections to:
Wearing tight or skimpy clothing
Wearing flashy jewelry
Buying expensive, trendy brands
Relationships turning sexual in a short amount of time
Sleeping past noon on weekends
Throwing a punch at someone who is angering you
Gambling, playing the lottery
Keeping extra change when a cashier gives back too much
10. Check all that apply to you and eating:
I eat out most days
I eat out 1 to 3 days a week
I eat a lot of packaged, processed, or fast foods
I support brands/restaurants that are humane and environmentally-friendly
I grow/raise some of my own food
11. Check all of the following that would annoy you:
A low-income housing project is built nearby
A coworker gets a larger year-end bonus than you
A parent or significant other asks you to do some chores that he/she usually does
Knowing you have to apologize for something you did
When people won't do what you want them to do
Being on a no-frills camping trip
My significant other glancing at other guys/girls
Someone saying "a stronger person walks away from a fight"
12. Which of these have you done in the last year?:
Cheated on someone
Lied to make yourself look good
Treated someone badly, because you were jealous of him/her
Stolen something
Slept with more than one person (not at the same time)
Broken something, out of anger
| msmarco_doc_00_26212674 |
http://4devolution.info/ | 4Devolution | Evolving Democracy
Evolving Democracy
Is democracy dead?
OZ & NZ
Webinars on Democracy
The Dimensions of Democracy
| 4Devolution
Evolving Democracy
Welcome to this website about democracy. Here you will learn cutting edge ideas about how society can change for the better. I hope it will entertain and inform you!
Is democracy dead?
This is a podcast between Joanne Cotterill and Vittorio Cintio discussing changing how Democracy, Social Work and Community Development are connected.
OZ & NZ
Read about the organisations in Australia and NZ that are working towards evolving democracy and why they are doing it ... Read More
Webinars on Democracy
The Dimensions of Democracy | msmarco_doc_00_26216928 |
http://4dimres.com/trends.html | Market Trends
Commercial Real Estate Vacancy Rate Overview
Washington, DC, Maryland, and Northern Virginia
Office Vacancy rates in Montgomery County and Northern Virginia have remained in the 15% range over the past 5+ years. Those markets that are served by Metrorail stations have seen the bulk of the leasing activity. Markets such a Bethesda and the White Flint Corridor in Montgomery County, and Tysons Corner and Reston in Northern Virginia, have been the big winners with Metrocentric development. These markets are seeing office vacancy rates under 10%, while non-Metrorail markets are seeing vacancy rates of 20%-30%+.
While development of new office buildings continues in Washington, D.C. the strong level of leasing activity has allowed the vacancy rates to remain in the 10%-12%. As DC continues to see re-gentrification occurring in neighborhoods throughout the City, more businesses are finding DC to be a great place for employees to work. Redevelopment projects have brought an incredible assortment of restaurants, retailers, and residential options, as well as brand new office buildings. DC is now a 24/7 location attracting a demographic that includes millennials, empty nesters, and all others in between. The next phase of redevelopment will be renovation and/or repurposing of older office buildings.
Flex and Warehouse Vacancy in Montgomery Co. and Northern Virginia have seen a slight reduction in vacancy rates. The flex/industrial market in both areas has dropped to 10%, down from 15% in early 2014. Quality warehouse space is becoming harder to find in Montgomery County and NoVa as the cost of land has made the construction of new warehouse properties cost ineffective, and putting a cap on available space. Rents for warehouse space here have increased over the last 5 years from $7-$9 psf NNN to $12+ psf NNN. Many warehouse tenants have started looking in Howard and Prince George’s counties in MD for less expensive quality warehouse options. Flex properties remain an excellent option for suburban based tenants looking for less expensive office space.
Quality Retail Vacancy space across the DC area is rarely available. Most of the larger chunks of vacancy are in the older centers. Rents for newer retail properties in high traffic areas are in the $50-$80+ psf NNN with some locations seeing rents $100+ psf. As Etail continues to grab a higher share of purchases made by consumers, retail tenants are finding it difficult to justify rental costs for storefront retail. Some of the big box retailers and larger grocery store chains are considering significant downsizing and redesign in which grocery type stores will only sell perishable goods (meats, fish, vegetable, dairy) and all non-perishable products will be purchased online and delivered to the home. Clothing and home goods based retailers will carry samples or demos of items, but most purchases will be online. The Etail market is slowly eliminating the Mom & Pop and local retailers. Unless they are selling a very unique product, they cannot compete with the online based retailers or generate the revenues to support current rents. Look for more restaurants and service based business at your local shopping areas and get used to buying your clothes and most everything else online.
Baltimore
The Baltimore area commercial real estate market is typically very constant. Anne Arundel, Howard, Baltimore, and Harford counties, and Baltimore City has remained at approx 11% since 2012 with very little fluctuation in rental rates. In many cases rentals rates at most office and flex properties in the Baltimore area are the same today as they were 20 years ago. The entire office property market for Baltimore consists of approx 190M sf, while the entire DC market includes over 500M sf. The Baltimore area does not offer a coordinated suburban alternate transportation option like the Metrorail in the DC area, but there are local bus systems that offer a form of transportation to those employees that prefer not to drive. Like the DC market, office developments that are located near strong amenity bases are much more desirable and are experiencing lower vacancy rates. Those office and flex properties that do not offer easy access to amenities are trying to compensate with lower rental rates and larger incentive packages, but vacancy rates in these projects are more than double that of properties with better access to amenities.
Like the DC area, the retail real estate market in Baltimore is very strong. The current vacancy rate is just over 5% like DC, but rents top out in the $60 psf range at the higher end retail locations – well below the premiums in the DC market. However, as noted in the DC summary, a major change in the retail real estate market may be on the horizon.
Baltimore offers a lot more variety in the warehouse sector. Baltimore’s industrial market consists of more than 180M sf that includes an abundance of large distribution warehouse and small bay warehouse properties for tenants to consider. The DC area has a total inventory of approx 163M sf, primarily consisting of small bay warehouse options. Warehouse rents in the Baltimore area are typically more affordable, ranging $1.75 psf-$5 psf for distribution warehouse and $6-$9 psf for small bay locations.
SBA Loan Allows 90% Financing of Commercial Property
Recent revisions in SBA loan program allow small businesses to use refinancing of real estate to fund expansion
The U.S. Small Business Administration's (SBA) 504 Certified Development Company lending program can now be used to finance the purchase of owner-occupied commercial real estate (CRE). Eligible businesses can borrow up to 90% of purchase price plus construction costs associated with the construction of a new building or renovation of an existing property. In some circumstances, the financing can include equipment and/or machinery. Full details of this program's new features can be found in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.
This news is a welcome development for business owners looking for alternatives to help stabilize occupancy costs. The 504 loan structure also allows for the refinancing of existing owner-occupied properties. Depending on the loan-to-value ratio, this program allows businesses to borrow additional funds to be used for business expansion.
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| msmarco_doc_00_26217739 | ||
http://4dmv.com/ca_dmvofficenservices_locations_&_hours.php?state=California | Ca Dmv Hours And Locations For Local California Dmv Offices
For nearby CA locations to DMV offices or for the most up-to-date DMV hours of operation, peruse our list of available resources. Obtaining the correct locations
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Home/REGISTRATION & TITLING/DMV OFFICE AND SERVICES/Locations & Hours
Locations & Hours
CA DMV LOCATIONS & HOURS
For nearby CA locations to DMV offices or for the most up-to-date DMV hours of operation, peruse our list of available resources.
Obtaining the correct locations for DMV offices and learning up-to-date DMV hours is important. Without this knowledge, provided by 4DMV.com, you could lose time and energy at the California DMV. In order to travel California state roads, you must keep up with vehicle registration, titling information and more -- which is why it is up to you to gain the knowledge necessary to complete your services in the shortest amount of time. 4DMV.com can help.
Schedule Your California DMV Appointment: Learn the DMV Hours
No matter which service you require at the California DMV, we recommend checking the DMV hours of operation and setting an appointment. If possible, check to see if the services you seek are available online, which will allow you to skip the visit to the office altogether, saving you from having to research nearby locations of DMV offices. A website entitled “DMV Any Time,” will help you determine which online services are available and how to receive these services either online or via telephone.
If you find that the California DMV services you need aren’t offered online or by phone, or that you aren’t able to mail in the paperwork from home, you will need to schedule an appointment within the available DMV hours of operation to ensure that you don’t have to wait in line. The appointment will ultimately allow you to access services you require in a shorter amount of time.
To schedule an appointment by phone, call 1-800-777-0133 for single service appointments or 1-800-921-1117 for multiple service appointments. This number provides automated assistance; however, you will not be able to schedule a Class C driving exam or a motorcycle exam through this number. For these services, you will need to use the online appointment scheduler or the alternate DMV phone number.
Reasons to Make an Appointment at the California DMV
There are many services that may require you to report to local California DMV locations, as they cannot be completed online or by mail. Additionally, some may prefer completing important processes in person, at as it ensures a better understanding as well as comprehensive assistance with your inquiries, including:
Applying for your California license or ID
Completing non-commercial road exams
First-time titling and registration for your vehicle
Obtaining California state moving permits
Vehicle inspection of salvage, junked, and custom-build vehicles
To find out what other tasks you may need to perform at locations of DMV offices, visit the California official Department of Motor Vehicles Appointment FAQ page. Check the relevant DMV hours of operation and set your appointment in advance, as most DMVs do not allow same day appointments. Additionally, you must limit your appointment scheduling to no more than 45 days in advance.
Local California DMV Hours of Operation
California DMV hours of operation vary throughout each county; however, the standard timeframe is typically Monday, Tuesday, Thursday and Friday from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. pacific time, as well as Wednesday from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. pacific time. Contacting the California DMV and setting schedules should be done within this time frame. While there are automated phone services available 24 hours a day, you must call within the DMV hours of operation to speak to a live representative. If you require assistance, we recommend calling the live number at 1-800-777-0133 to speak to a representative for comprehensive answers to any questions or for direction to appropriate services.
Many California DMVs will be closed during numerous holidays. You can check to see which locations of DMV offices will be closed by visiting Holidays in 2012. The webpage is updated annually to ensure that you receive the latest and most updated information about DMV hours and days of operation.
DMV Any Time offers 24/7 phone or internet services which can be accessed at home, allowing you to forgo an in-person appointment or a lengthy visit to locations of DMV branch offices. Not all DMV services are offered online, phone or via mail, and you can learn about which services are offered through specific means by visiting DMV Anytime
Finding the Right California Locations for DMV Offices
There are several DMV offices located throughout the state of California, and you must report or conduct transactions through the appropriate county DMV office, which will greatly expedite your requests. Below are several resources you can visit in order to determine the most relevant locations of DMV offices near you:
Visit DMV Public Offices by Location for a directory of field office locations by county.
Visit for a Regional California DMV map.
Visit for locations of DMV field offices that administer CDL road tests.
Currently, there are 15 California locations of DMV driver safety offices that can be utilized to file requests for administrative hearing procedures and departmental re-examination. Visit for a directory of California DMV driver safety officesin order to find one closest to you.
If you are in need of services for an occupational license, you will need to make an appointment with the occupational licensing inspector. Reference the DMV hours of operation, as the inspector will only be available Monday through Thursday between 9 a.m. and 12 p.m. pacific time, and Tuesday and Friday between 1 p.m. and 4 p.m., with no public access on Wednesday without an appointment. To make an appointment or to find nearby locations of a DMV driver safety office.
If you need to find or make an appointment, please visit any of the California DMV service centers, Make an appointment, find the appropriate numbers and learn about the DMV hours of operation to expedite your time at the DMV.
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http://4dmv.com/nv_dmvofcnservice_schedule_appointment.php?state=Nevada | Make Your Nevada DMV Appointment Online: NV DMV Appt Resources | Schedule DMV Appointments in Nevada
SCHEDULE APPOINTMENT
Schedule DMV Appointments in Nevada
Scheduling a DMV Appointment
| Make Your Nevada DMV Appointment Online: NV DMV Appt Resources
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Need help scheduling your Nevada DMV appointments? 4DMV.com’s user-friendly guide makes it as easy as possible to schedule a DMV appointment in NV.
DMV offices can be a confusing place at times, and the official government websites can be even more confusing. Both require time to find the information you need, which can be extremely time consuming. 4DMV.com provides you with all of the information you need to schedule a DMV appointment, right here in our user-friendly guide.
Scheduling a DMV Appointment
There’s no reason to wait in long lines at the DMV or to sift through the government websites to schedule your DMV appt. Below is all the information you need to easily and conveniently schedule DMV appointments.
Road Tests: To schedule your road test DMV appointment, call your local DMV office. For an office nearest you visit our Locations and Hours Section.
CDL Road Tests: To schedule DMV appts for a CDL road test, call your local DMV office. For general information about scheduling a DMV appointment or to learn more about the requirements for a CDL road test, contact your local DMV office. | msmarco_doc_00_26234972 |
http://4do.se.cutestat.com/ | 4do : 4do.se | Web Analysis for 4do
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If you are looking for advanced SEO keyword search tool to analyze your website rankings and top organic keywords, then visit Clear Web Stats | msmarco_doc_00_26238397 |
http://4dpnr.com/more-national-narrow-gauge-convention/ | More National Narrow Gauge Convention – Welcome to the 4th Division | More National Narrow Gauge Convention
More National Narrow Gauge Convention
By Russ Segner
I saw several fine layouts
A new section on Model Railroading is open now in October. We got a preview.
| More National Narrow Gauge Convention – Welcome to the 4th Division
More National Narrow Gauge Convention
October 13, 2019 Written by Russ Segner
Leave a Comment
By Russ Segner
The recent Narrow Gauge Convention featured many very interesting things. There were great clinics, many fine layouts and several prototype attractions. There were also several award winners from our area: Greg Wright and Harry Avis of Olympia both won awards as was previously reported.
Mark Allen from Roche Harbor won two 2nd Place awards; one for his module Mystic Mine and one for his Parlor Car “Cascade”
Don Rose of Gig Harbor won 1st Place Motive Power Rod Locomotive a CB&Q Consolidation
I saw several fine layouts
Jeff Reynolds – Mears Madness is a famous HOn3 layout which has been relocated to Nevada City, CA in the hill country northeast of Sacramento. It is in it’s own 30′ x 40′ building. It is one of the largest HOn3 layouts in California.
Aaron Splawn – Nighthawk Branch of the Copper River & Yukon Railroad
Aaron has restored the best parts of Brian Ellerby’s famous Copper River and Yukon Sn3 layout. When we had to dismantle Brian’s layout, we were able to keep the beautiful Nighthawk scenes intact. Jimmy Booth of PBL was able to truck it to California where it is now located. It is possible that this famous layout will ultimately move to the California Railway Museum in the new Model Railroad Section.
California Railway Museum
This is one of the finest railway museums in the world. A major portion is dedicated to the history of the rails through the Sierra’s. Beautiful 4-4-0’s are displayed alongside one of the Southern Pacific cab forwards.
A new section on Model Railroading is open now in October. We got a preview.
I certainly hope many of you will get to Sacramento to visit this fine museum. Plan to spend the day viewing all the exhibits and the nearby historic Old Town.
Next year, the National Narrow Gauge Convention will be in St. Louis and the Convention will be in Seattle in 2022. | msmarco_doc_00_26243360 |
http://4dpnr.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/DCC_Wiring.pdf | DCC Wiring – Practical Guide.
Practical
Guide.
DCC:
The
Prevailing
Attitude
–Still
!!
???
NMRA
Bulletin
March
2003
p
37
What
This
Clinic
Will
Cover
What
This
Clinic
Will
NOT
Cover:
Comparison:
DC
Block
Wiring
vs.
DCC
Wiring
DCC
Wiring
14
AWG
is
minimum
for
track
bus
wire
(except
very
small
layouts.)
DCC
Wiring
Basics
II
DCC
Wiring
Basics
III
Basic
Plain
Track
Wiring
for
DCC
BOOSTER
Typical
Wiring
Arrangement
–
Soldered
Joints
Volts
DC
Accessory
Power
Wiring
Arrangements
–
Solder
less
Splices
Very
Handy
Tool
Turnout
Wiring
Turnout
Wiring
Example,
Isolated
Frog.
(Atlas
“Super
Track”)
Turnout
Wiring
Example
(Peco
code
75
–
optional
wiring)
To
Switch
Motor
Contacts
Turnout
Wiring
Example:
Power
Routing.
(Older
Shinohara
type)
Metal
Tie-bars
Tricks
with
Auto
Lamps
I
Reversing
Loops
(+
Wyes
and
Turntables)
I
Alternative
Method:
Programming
Track
-
Example
Summary
References
| DCC Wiring – Practical Guide.
DCC
Wiring
–
Practical
Guide.
Max
Maginness
MMR,
2003-2004
April
2003
ver.
02
July
2004
ver.
03
DCC:
The
Prevailing
Attitude
–Still
!!
???
NMRA
Bulletin
March
2003
p
37
DCC
Really
Is
Less
Complicated!!
Easy,
Lionel
Strang,
Kalmbach
2003.
Much
more
information
on
much
less
wire!
What
This
Clinic
Will
Cover
Requirements
and
Installation
of
DCC
Wiring
Materials
and
tools.
Basic
power
and
track
wiring
Handling
common
track
features
–
turnouts,
reversing
loops.
Tricks
Demonstration
Module.
What
This
Clinic
Will
NOT
Cover:
DCC
Theory
(except
if
you
ask
or
I
can’t
resist.)
Installing
decoders
in
Locomotives.
Programming
Decoders.
Competitive
Equipment
Comparisons
Requests
to
wire
your
layout
not
accompanied
by
generous
rewards.
Fixing
Problems
if
you
already
wired
it
or
messed
with
it.
(for
any
rewards
no
matter
how
generous).
Comparison:
DC
Block
Wiring
vs.
DCC
Wiring
Locomotive
Controlled
by
Block
Voltage
and
Polarity.
One
train
per
cab
and
block
Locomotive
decodes
and
responds
only
to
its
own
address
regardless
of
position
on
track.
Any
number
of
trains
per
booster.
DCC
Wiring
Needed
wiring:
Track
Power
Bus
Same
regardless
of
Manufacturer
Power
Blocking
or
Districts
on
larger
layouts
Automatic
Reversing
Switch
for
Loops
Programming
Track
Cab
Bus
Links
multiple
outlets
for
plug
in
cabs
Varies
depending
on
Manufacturer.
Telephone
wire
commonly
used.
Not
needed
for
very
simple
set
ups
(no
walk-around)
Accessory
Power
(optional
but
recommended)
+/-
9
to
12
volts
DC
for
turnouts,
lights,
signal
power
……
With
DC
cab
control
the
maximum
current
in
a
block
~1-2
Amps.
Each
wiring
run
needs
to
handle
just
one
block
current.
18
AWG
is
ample.
limited
capacity
of
DC
cab
prevents
high
currents
in
a
short
circuit.
Usually
recovers
fast
from
transient
problems.
Often
not
noticed.
Short
in
one
block
will
shut
down
just
that
one
block
and
train.
Rest
of
layout
is
unaffected.
With
DCC
all
the
current
for
all
the
trains
comes
from
one
source
through
one
wiring
“bus”
run.
Minimum
capacity
provided
is
normally
5
Amps.
Wiring
needs
to
handle
this
current
level.
14
AWG
is
minimum
for
track
bus
wire
(except
very
small
layouts.)
An
uncontrolled
short
has
as
much
power
as
a
60
watt
light
bulb!
For
protection
the
booster
trips
out
and
shuts
down
very
fast
–
stopping
the
whole
layout.
The
fast
reaction
gives
zero
tolerance
for
transient
short
circuits
that
you
might
not
notice
with
DC.
(Some
causes
can
be
controlled
e.g.
in
turnouts)
The
overall
electrical
resistance
must
be
low.
A
short
must
draw
the
trip
current
momentarily
to
make
the
protection
work.
(“25
cent
test”)
For
an
existing
DC
cab
control
layout
with
no
electrical
problems
at
all
you
may
be
able
to
convert
by
using
a
DCC
supply
in
place
of
one
cab.
DCC
Wiring
Basics
II
With
just
one
large
block,
wiring
mistakes
and
failures
can
be
very
hard
to
locate
–
one
defect
anywhere
and
its
no
go
everywhere.
Be
very
careful
in
wiring
methods
and
workmanship.
Leave
no
bare
wire.
Check
for
short
circuits
as
you
go,
before
the
booster
is
connected.
Simple
multi-
meter
is
fine.
Select
and
stick
with
a
simple
color
code.
(
here
its
mostly
blue
and
red
for
the
rails
and
green
for
switching
frog
connections)
Track
electrical
gaps
are
still
needed
but
simpler
to
figure
than
with
DC.
99%
of
all
cases
are
covered
by
one
set
of
rules.
Gap
any
rail
coming
from
a
turnout
frog.
If
in
doubt
gap
both
rails
at
this
location.
-
Fill
the
gaps
with
solid
insulating
material.
-
Try
the
fancier
track
work
(three
way
turnouts
etc.)
as
they
come
before
modifying.
DCC
Wiring
Basics
III
Learn
to
solder
well.
You
can
make
many
under
baseboard
connections
with
solder-less
splices,
but
still
need
to
solder
to
the
rails
at
least.
The
five
basics
for
electrical
soldering:
Clean
all
surfaces
(fresh
wire
surfaces,
no
oxide
on
track,
no
track
weathering…)
Clean
again
If
any
doubt
clean
again!
Apply
heat
and
a
little
rosin
cored
solder
wire.
When
the
initial
solder
runs,
apply
some
more
and
stop.
Keep
the
soldering
tip
clean
and
“tinned”
Solder
guns
are
not
recommended,
too
hard
to
control
the
heat.
Result
must
be
smooth
and
shiny.
Basic
Plain
Track
Wiring
for
DCC
3
feet+
OK
between
feeds,
closer
on
smaller
code
BOOSTER
track.
Solder
rail
joints
between
feeders
and/or
at
least
one
feeder
each
rail
length.
Track
Feeders
less
than
3
feet
long
20
–24
gauge
stranded
Track
Bus
Wires:
10
gauge
–
14
gauge,
solid
conduit
wire
(14
gauge
more
than
sufficient
for
100
feet
run
in
HO.)
Typical
Wiring
Arrangement
–
Soldered
Joints
DCC
Track
Power
Bus
Volts
DC
Accessory
Power
Tape
the
Joints!
Secure
the
Tape!
Finding
stray
connections
later
is
very
exasperating!
Wiring
Arrangements
–
Solder
less
Splices
Use
the
Correct
Size
splices
They
are
color
coded:
Blue
=
14-16
AWG
Red
=
18-22
AWG
Double
over
undersized
wire
All
materials:
Lowes
etc.
Very
Handy
Tool
Automatically
Adjusting
Wire
Stripper.
About
$19
at
the
home
improvement
store
of
your
choice.
Avoids
wire
nicks
and
stray
strands.
There
are
4
track
sections
(blocks)
but
all
are
fed
from
the
same
Track
Power
Bus
Turnout
Wiring
From:
Digital
Command
Control.
Ames
et
al,
Allt
om
Hobby/NMRA;
1998
How
Well
do
Available
Turnouts
meet
this?
What
is
the
meaning
of
“DCC
friendly”?
Turnout
Wiring
Example,
Isolated
Frog.
(Atlas
“Super
Track”)
For
Live
Frog,
Add
Track
Feeds
Insulated
Tie-bar
Stock
and
Point
rails
electrically
bonded
wire
to
switch
on
turnout
motor
or
linkage
Isolated
Frog
Rail
Gaps
Turnout
Wiring
Example
(Peco
code
75
–
optional
wiring)
Insulated
Tie-bar
To
Switch
Motor
Contacts
ex
factory:
wiring
is
equivalent
to
older
Shinohara
As
Supplied
Rail
Gaps
Jumpers
cut
These
rails
must
be
gapped
and
adjacent
rails
isolated
by
cutting
jumpers
Modified/Add
rails
exposed
in
base
gap.
Rails
Bonded
To
switch
on
turnout
motor
or
linkage
Turnout
Wiring
Example:
Power
Routing.
(Older
Shinohara
type)
Track
Feeds
All
Frog
Rails
Bonded
Contact
Metal
Tie-bars
Careful
Observance
of
Standards
Gauge
Clearances
is
Essential!
These
rails
must
be
gapped
Current
Limiter,
1156
Auto
Bulb
contacts
on
switch
machine
With
electrical
contacts
on
switch
motor
for
better
frog
powering,
any
mistiming
of
point
blade
and
contact
movement
causes
a
momentary
short
–
but
enough
to
trip
DCC
Tricks
with
Auto
Lamps
I
Momentary
Shorts
that
would
just
stall
one
train
with
DC
can
shut
down
the
entire
layout
with
DCC.
Switch
No
current
limiting,
booster
will
shut
down
whole
layout.
To
Switch
Gaps
Current
Limiter
1156
Light
bulb
has
less
than
1
ohm
resistance
at
low
current,
drops
full
12
volts
with
2.1
amps.
Goof
Proof
Isolated
Frog
Turnout.
This
protection
is
suited
to
a
smaller
layout
with
just
one
booster
supply.
Separate
boosters
can
be
used
for
each
section
or
“power
district”
on
larger
layout
with
more
than
5-6
locos
running
at
once.
Reversing
Loops
(+
Wyes
and
Turntables)
I
Module
flips
polarity
of
reverse
loop
section
to
match
that
of
main
line
as
train
starts
across
insulated
gaps.
Reacts
so
fast
that
main
power
station
does
not
trip
out.
Alternative
Method:
More
$$$
Good
for
multiple
train
storage
loops.
Complete
Train
Length
between
gaps
Gaps
X
From:
DCC
Made
Easy;
Lionel
Strang,
Kalmbach
,
2003;
p27
slight
mistake
in
the
book!
Programming
Track
-
Example
Exact
arrangement
can
differ
depending
on
command/booster
configuration
and
manufacturer.
Configuration
variables
(CV’s)
can
often
be
set
“on
the
main”
but
not
the
initial
address
setting.
Summary
DCC
wiring
is
different
from
DC
blocks
and
cab
control
in
consideration
of
wiring
methods,
but
many
of
the
same
basic
rules
for
electrical
gaps
etc.
still
apply.
Higher
currents
=
heavier
power
wiring,
and
overload
protection
must
work.
DCC
wiring
is
simpler,
but
intolerant
of
sloppy
workmanship
and
“make
do”
practices.
Electrical
joints
must
be
soldered
or
properly
crimped
–
gas
tight
Turnouts
need
certain
attention
for
trouble
free
operation.
Special
devices
drastically
simplify
reverse
loops,
wyes
etc.
References
“DCC
Made
Easy”;
Lionel
Strang;
Kalmbach
2003
“The
Digitrax
Big
Book
of
DCC”;
Zana
Ireland
ed;
Digitrax,
1999
“Digital
Command
Control”;
Stan
Ames,
Rutger
Friberg,
Ed
Loizeaux;
Allt
om
Hobby,
1998
“Easy
Model
Railroad
Wiring”;
Andy
Sperandeo;
Kalmbach,
1990
http://www.wiringfordcc.com/
Allan
Gartner
| msmarco_doc_00_26245857 | |
http://4drecovery.org/ | The 4th Dimension Recovery Center | A Recovery Community Organization for Young People |
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Our goal is to honor each young person’s recovery journey and support them in finding a pathway that suits their unique needs through peer-based support, community centers, and supportive housing. We believe that each individual is an expert on their own life and that any pathway of recovery they choose is valid. That includes methods of harm reduction and medication-assisted recovery.
Our support services are founded upon a model of peer support because we know that they as just as effective as clinically delivered services. The fact that our staff are in recovery helps individuals know that they are deeply understood and that they do not have to walk this path alone. This makes our program attractive and successful, with hundreds of young people visiting our centers each day.
4D Recovery Services
4D Recovery is a peer-run organization, meaning that all of its staff identify as people in recovery. We believe that people in recovery are the best suited to direct a recovery organization because they have the lived experience of finding and sustaining their recovery.
1. Peer Mentoring
As peers, we use our experiences to help inspire, motivate, and guide individuals to navigate their own recovery journeys. We believe that we are the experts in our lives and we inherently know our individual needs.
2. 4D’s Community Centers
In addition to our peer-delivered services, we have three recovery community centers where hundreds of young adults can gather to attend a variety of free recovery support services in a safe, alcohol and drug-free environment. Over 600 young people attend our community centers each month. Whether you want to hang out with your friends, if you just need a place to use a computer or just catch a meeting, 4D community centers can help. Our MLK center is open 7 days/week for meetings.
3. Recovery Housing
Currently, 4D has one recovery house for male-identified individuals in recovery with plans to expand to more housing in the near future. Our housing provides a safe, peer-supported, affordable, and substance-free housing opportunity.
4. Civic Engagement
At 4D, we believe that the only way to overcome the substance use disorder epidemic is to be active in the community through increased civic engagement opportunities. We envision a future where systems, communities, and individuals work together to ensure all people receive the support needed to find and sustain recovery from substances.
5. Recovery Meetings
At 4D we embrace all pathways to recovery, whether that’s 12-step meetings, therapy, or medication-assisted recovery. We believe that every individual is an expert in their own lives and that as such, they have the right to choose a self-directed approach to recovery that meets their needs
About Us
4D Recovery — formerly 4th Dimension Recovery/4th Dimension Recovery Center — got its name from Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), the world’s largest recovery mutual-aid program.
AA co-founder Bill Wilson stated that working with another alcoholic* to overcome drinking was like “being rocketed into the 4th dimension.”
In 2012, 4th Dimension’s name was created by one of 4D’s founding members Devin Andrade, one of many young recovering leaders responsible for starting the nonprofit. In the early days, 4D’s primary purpose was to provide a safe environment free from drugs and alcohol where young people recovering from alcohol and substance use disorders could hang out and achieve recovery.
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“4D is like a home to me., a place where I can just go and be myself. I know that whatever I am going through in my life 4D will be there to support me in my recovery.”
4D Mentor Client
“The coolest thing about 4D is that it supported me when I was in early recovery. I got to meet other young people that were on a similar path as me. Now, after two years, I’m working as a mentor and I get to provide the same hope, support, and connection that I received.”
Adrian B.
4D Mentor
“I attended 4D meetings at their first location when I was in treatment. At the time it was a huge help to have a place to go to both have fun and find support for my recovery. I still attend this events to this day and help to support the mission in any way I can.”
Ryan A.
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http://4emergence.com/evidence-based-practice/cognitive-behavioral-therapy | Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/Franklin Reality Model | Emergence | Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/Franklin Reality Model
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/Franklin Reality Model
Identification and Description of Evidence-Based Practices
| Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/Franklin Reality Model | Emergence
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/Franklin Reality Model
Identification and Description of Evidence-Based Practices
Within our groups, EMERGENCE utilizes the cognitive-based Franklin Reality Model (FRM.) It teaches all persons they have a filtering system which is labeled the "belief window," and that all of us are constantly placing principles on our belief window as a function of age.
Once we accept a principle, we attach rules to it. Our behavior follows our principles and as a result, our behavior generally has an easily predictable result; e.g., if I believe school is a waste of time ... then I will probably drop out. The model also includes four basic human needs: to live, to feel important, to love and be loved, and variety.
There are seven "natural laws" that accompany the Franklin Reality Model:
1. If the results of your behavior do not meet your needs, there is an incorrect principle in your belief window.
2. Results take time to measure.
3. Growth is the process of changing principles on your belief window.
4. If your self-worth is dependent on anything external, you are in big trouble.
5. Addictive behavior is the result of deep and unmet needs (of the four above mentioned needs.)
6. The mind will naturally seek harmony when presented with two opposing principles.
7. When the results of your behavior do meet your needs you experience inner peace.
The "laws" lay out a path to develop self-reflection, self-responsibility, delay of gratification or impulse control, self-efficacy, and self-determination, all of which counter the impulse to abuse substances.
EMERGENCE counselors lead clients through the Franklin Reality Model with examples from their lives. As they practice tracing the natural outcomes of their beliefs or start from the consequences in their lives that they dislike, and trace back to the underlying belief system, they engage in a cognitive restructuring process. The next step is to choose and practice new beliefs and behaviors that can lead to desirable outcomes. Thus, the Franklin Reality Model is the foundation for cognitive-behavioral change when applied to destructive use of alcohol and/or other drugs or problem behaviors.
Maladaptive beliefs are identified and replaced over time. The model is further used to strengthen engagement in other aspects of recovery such as taking responsibility to resolve legal obligations, repair of family relationships, and engagement with community recovery support networks including 12-step programs. FRM brings the key ingredients of most successful psychotherapies - the provision of education, a convincing rationale for the treatment, enhancing expectations of improvement, provision of support and encouragement, behavioral treatments - and can effectively bridge to motivational enhancement and stages of change.
This model is a theoretical base within many of our treatment groups. It is where clients learn, develop and practice positive coping skills. As employed at EMERGENCE, FRM is essentially a framework in which to introduce Reality Therapy. Reality Therapy was developed by William Glasser, who holds the view that people who are behaving in inappropriate ways do not need help to find a defense for their behavior; rather, they need help to acknowledge their behavior as being inappropriate, and then learn how to act in a more logical and productive manner. Reality Therapy is an evidence-based practice. EMERGENCE employs FRM as a cognitive restructuring tool used to coach clients regarding erroneous thinking patterns (thinking errors). Cognitive Restructuring is an evidence-based practice. | msmarco_doc_00_26266926 |
http://4emergence.com/evidence-based-practice/moral-reconation-therapy | Moral Reconation Therapy | Emergence | Moral Reconation Therapy
Moral Reconation Therapy | Moral Reconation Therapy | Emergence
Moral Reconation Therapy
Moral Reconation Therapy (MRT) is a systematic treatment strategy that seeks to decrease recidivism among juvenile and adult criminal offenders by increasing moral reasoning. Its cognitive-behavioral approach combines elements from a variety of psychological traditions to progressively address ego, social, moral, and positive behavioral growth.
MRT takes the form of group and individual counseling using structured group exercises and prescribed homework assignments. The MRT workbook is structured around 16 objectively defined steps (units) focusing on seven basic treatment issues: confrontation of beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors; assessment of current relationships; reinforcement of positive behavior and habits; positive identity formation; enhancement of self-concept; decrease in hedonism and development of frustration tolerance; and development of higher stages of moral reasoning.
Participants meet in groups once or twice weekly and can complete all steps of the MRT program in a minimum of 3 to 6 months. MRT attempts to change how drug abusers and alcoholics make decisions and judgments by raising moral reasoning as articulated in Lawrence Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development.
MRT is one of the most widely implemented cognitive behavior programs, implemented in 40 states and several countries. MRT seeks to move clients from hedonistic (pleasure vs. pain) reasoning to levels where concern for social rules and others becomes important. Research on MRT has shown that as clients pass steps, moral reasoning increases in adult drug and alcohol as well as juvenile offenders. Controlled evaluations of MRT indicate that program participants have lower recidivism rates than controls.
In 2005, a meta-analysis of nine published outcome studies detailed the effects of MRT on recidivism in parolees and probationers. The studies found MRT cut expected recidivism by nearly two-thirds over a time period of six months to over two years. It is designed specifically for treatment resistant clients.
EMERGENCE also will provides integrated co-occurring treatment for people with substance abuse and mental health issues, and MRT is an effective component of integrated co-occurring treatment. | msmarco_doc_00_26271015 |
http://4ento.com/edible-insects-which-can-you-eat/ | Edible Insects List – Which Insects Can You Eat? | 4ento |
List of Common Edible Insects
Crickets
Grasshoppers
Want to try some insects? Check out these delicious Insect Recipes and Recipe Books.
Mealworm (also known as Tenebrio molitor)
Scorpions (eg. Yellow and Black)
Ants (eg. Giant Black & Queen Weaver)
Other Insects
Insects Eaten in the Developing World
Giant Water Beetles
Witchetty Grubs
Termites
Cicadas
Silk Worms
Ant Eggs (Escamoles)
Wasp Eggs
Bamboo Worm
Want to try some insects? Check out these delicious Insect Recipes and Recipe Books.
| Edible Insects List – Which Insects Can You Eat? | 4ento
Edible Insects List – Which Insects Can You Eat?
There are over 900 thousand documented types of insects in the world, but of course not all of them are edible or readily available.
Below is a list of the most common edible insects (or bugs if you prefer) and why you should be trying them. Even if you do not believe insects are for human consumption.
List of Common Edible Insects
This is a small but useful list of the edible insects/bugs available as products at the moment.
Crickets
One of the insects leading the way in the edible insect movement is the cricket. They contain a reasonable amount of protein in their raw form (about 13%) but excel when it comes to powders and flour with nearly 70%.
Because of this fact, cricket powder and flour based products are being produced in quite a variety with such options as:
milled whole cricket powder from All Things Bugs
crickets and cricket powder from Aspire
cricket based baked goods from Bitty Foods
chirps cricket chips from Six Foods
cricket flour protein bars from Exo Protein
the original cricket bar from Chapul
Grasshoppers
Grasshoppers are one of the most commonly eaten insects around. And in places like Mexico, where they are considered a delicacy and more expensive than other meats. they are eaten with gusto.
In fact, grasshoppers are incredibly high in protein with some species in Mexico (the Orthoptera) having up to 77% protein, which is far higher than most other meats on the market.
There are also a lot of products on the market at the moment containing grasshoppers such as:
flavored grasshoppers from Jimini’s
grasshoppers from DeliBugs
other grasshopper products from Grub
Want to try some insects? Check out these delicious Insect Recipes and Recipe Books.
Mealworm (also known as Tenebrio molitor)
This is another commonly seen insect in the edible category, with the actual larva being used in most cases, not the worm itself. In fact the mealworm is actually a Mealworm Beetle or Darkling Beetle (scientific name Tenebrio Molitor). And they are quite easy to raise and are also very high in protein ( approximately 20% by weight).
Although you can eat the mealworm whole, the larva is often used and placed in such dishes as pasta. Here are some of the variants around:
raw mealworms from Grub
pasta from Goffard Sisters
flavored mealworms from Jimini’s
raw mealworms from Micronutris
variety of mealworm snacks from Bush Grub
mealworm flour from Next Millennium Farms
toffee mealworms from Don Bugito
burgers and nuggets from Damhert
Scorpions (eg. Yellow and Black)
Not something you would normally consider eating, some species of scorpion have been seen on the edible insect market. They are more of a novelty than the others mentioned above, but are still readily available:
edible black scorpions from Insectéo
as candy from HotLix
in raw form from Sexy Food & DeliBugs
Ants (eg. Giant Black & Queen Weaver)
Also less common, but still available on the market are a variety of Ants:
as candy from Delibugs & Sexy Food
dried queen weaver ants from Insectèo
Other Insects
There are also a range of other raw insects available from a variety of producers such as:
Giant Waterbugs
Locusts
Rhino Beetles
Sago & Super Worms
Insects Eaten in the Developing World
There is also a huge range of insects that are being eaten on a daily basis in the developing world.
Important: Don’t try raw insects at home! We always recommend to cook insects before eating them.
Many of these are eaten raw or cooked, but in the most cases unprocessed. People in these countries are used to eating them in their diet and do not need convincing like we do.
Here are some of the common insects you will find if you ever travel to these countries.
Giant Water Beetles
Considered a cheap treat in Thailand. giant water beetles are usually friend and apparently taste like scallops (at a fraction of the price I am guessing)>
Witchetty Grubs
Commonly known as something sustains the Aborigines in Australia, witchetty grubs are a wood-eating moth or beetle larvae found in the deserts.
Termites
These are eaten in parts of Africa as well as some other continents around the world. These can grow to over 3 inches and are very high in protein, so no wonder they are popular for the locals.
Cicadas
Cicadas are a highly nutritious treat that are sometimes called the “shrimp of the land”. Previously eaten by Native Americans, they are also consumed by a variety of other cultures.
Silk Worms
Something we assume is just used to make silk, the silk worm is also regularly consumed. They are also high in nutrients such as fat and protein, they also contain plenty of calcium, magnesium, and B vitamins.
Ant Eggs (Escamoles)
Mexicans seem to be fond of insect eating with not only the crickets hand harvested from crops but also their own form of caviar! Escalmoles are very common in Mexico and can even be found in your Taco, if you are not careful!
Wasp Eggs
The Japanese consider these to be a bit of a delicacy, so if you are ever in the neighborhood, try them out.
Bamboo Worm
Very common in many parts of South East Asia, the bamboo worm are often likened to potato chips in taste.
The above is only a list of the most common edible insects. If you have any other examples you think we should add, feel free to get in touch
Want to try some insects? Check out these delicious Insect Recipes and Recipe Books. | msmarco_doc_00_26273547 |
http://4f76d818da408bb189a4-8618b06b40f31494140c01b0d4572d23.r39.cf2.rackcdn.com/uploaded/h/0e8129381_1544013992_hope-candlelayout2.pdf | O Israel, hope in the Lord! For with the Lord there is steadfast love, and with him is plentiful redemption. Psalm 130:7
O Israel, hope in the Lord! For with the Lord there is steadfast love, and with him is plentiful redemption. Psalm 130:7
Advent 2018 Southeastern District, LCMS #SEDLutheran #SEDadvent2018
Advent, from the Latin word adventus meaning arrival, is the 4-week period before Christmas. An Advent wreath symbolizes the passage of these four weeks with a candle for each week and includes a fifth candle, lit on Christmas Day. Each candle represents an aspect of the spiritual preparation for the celebration of the birth of our Lord, Jesus Christ. Each candle reminds us of the virtues Jesus brings us: Hope, Love, Joy and Peace, the fifth candle is the Christ candle. The first candle is HOPE - We can have hope because God is faithful and will keep the promises made to us. Our hope comes from God! “And again, Isaiah says, ‘The Root of Jesse will spring up, one who will arise to rule over the nations; the Gentiles will hope in him.’ May the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace as you trust in him, so that you may overflow with hope by the power of the Holy Spirit.” ~ Romans 15:12-13
Title
hope candle_Layout 1
Author
Sirpa Quinn
Created Date
12/4/2018 7:21:04 PM
| msmarco_doc_00_26279811 | ||
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http://4faculty.org/includes/108r2.jsp | Classroom Management | Classroom Management
Classroom Management
Issues / Solution Suggestions Table
Setting the Classroom Atmosphere
Managing Tempo and Time
Making a Connection Between Faculty and Students:
Making Connections: Student-to-Student
Helping Students Learn to Be College Students
| Classroom Management
Classroom Management
by Lisa Rodriguez, Ph.D.
Elements of classroom management vary. In researching this topic, it is clear that a common understanding for the term management might be useful. For this purpose, management refers to issues of supervision, refereeing, facilitating, and even academic discipline. Not all student behaviors require intervention or confrontation while some are serious enough in nature to warrant formal disciplinary action. Rest assured that while there are current studies in higher education literature that suggest a growing trend of rudeness and even overt animosity towards faculty by students, the vast majority of classroom experiences are not dramatic.
Since many professors teach for years without encountering some of the management instances we discuss here, our intent is to move beyond identification of classroom problems to suggest preventative strategies and practical solutions. For some faculty, teaching comes quite naturally and the notion of management in the classroom is irrelevant. But situations within the classroom do occasionally occur that lead us to seek out advice in order to maintain the learning environment for students not to mention our personal sanity.
Typical classroom management topics are listed in faculty handbooks to reflect pragmatic concerns such as policies on classroom breaks, adds and drops, disruptive and dangerous students, emergency procedures including weapons and drugs in the classroom, location of phones, etc. Keeping essential records is a component of this topic and is addressed in the previous Read section.
A rule of thumb for faculty is to keep current on policies regarding student and faculty interactions as well as the role of your teaching assistants, if you have one. Know your college and state policy on student conduct.
As a new faculty member, I was terrified that I would not know how to handle students who were older than I. I wanted very much to hear "for instances" from other faculty. Serendipitously, our campus Staff Learning Department instituted an online discussion forum where faculty could seek collective advice on issues of classroom management. Your campus may use the services of the 4faculty discussion forums. If your campus doesn’t utilize the 4faculty system, you might encourage them to do so or ask if you might work with your Professional Development Office or Information Technology to establish this valuable communication forum on your campus.
Some common conduct issues identified by Gerald Amada in his research for Coping With Misconduct in the College Classroom (1999) are listed in the table below. In discussing what constitutes problematic classroom behaviors with colleagues, I have decided to add to Dr. Amada’s list. While his approach does not necessarily align with learner-centered teaching, his work does cover many sticky issues of navigating the uncomfortable situations that occur from time to time and suggests several strategies for working with student services and other administrators to remedy situations.
Issues / Solution Suggestions Table
Issue
Solution
1. Undermining the instructor’s authority
This is tricky as it speaks to "attitude." A student might belittle the instructor or engage in a battle of the wills. This student would need to be privately told that their attitude was confrontational and asked how this might be resolved mutually.
"Be careful not to read most questions about content, interpretation, or assignments as a challenge of authority. Acting as it they are not, even when you suspect they are, can convey a sense of confidence and control. Sometimes merely assuring the student, while smiling, that you have indeed reflected on this issue at length and that they too will understand soon why the information or the assignment is valuable diffuses the situation. You may even want to encourage them to ask the question again at a later date if necessary."
2. Leaving class too frequently
Camps are divided as to whether or not students should ask for permission to leave for bathroom breaks or wait for a break in the class. I don’t require my students to limit their bathroom breaks or ask permission, however, this is contentious for some faculty when breaks are taken too frequently. You might privately ask the student if everything is OK so that they know that you are concerned by their behavior. Don’t assume disrespect – it might be a bladder infection or some other physical problem.
3. "Spacing Out" or Sitting With Back to Instructor
If this is a repeated problem, students need to know that their non-verbal behavior is perceived as disinterest. You might ask them after class if they need a more comfortable seat. Some students are extremely shy and it might take half of the semester before they open up enough to make sustained eye contact or face the instructor completely. Remember also that sustained eye contact is a culturally dictated practice that might not be feasible for some students.
4. Poor hygiene (possible cultural considerations)
Poor hygiene, too much perfume, cigarette odor or other strong odors can be distracting or even nauseating to students. The cause for the odor might be culturally based in bathing preferences between cultures. This can be a real problem for some faculty while others will never encounter the dilemma. I suggest letting the offending student know that in close quarters, some students have issues with strong smell. It might be suggested that for the course (not their outside of class lives) that the odor be masked in some way.
5. Verbal or physical threats
Verbal or physical threats are serious matters. They are discussed in detail by experts in the field in "Handling Crisis."
As a general rule consult professional experts for assistance immediately.
6. Gum, Food, Pagers, and Cell Phone Disruption
If decided upon by class, consequences for breaking this policy might range from the loss of participation points to the offender having to present on a topic of interest to the class. Some instructors allow pagers and cells to be on the vibrate setting as long as they are attended to at the break rather than used when it interrupts the class. Instructors need to abide by this rule as well and allow for at least one mistake per student as accidents do happen from oversight. The idea here is to prevent habitual disruption from gum popping and phones ringing.
7. Monopolizing Discussions
This is common but manageable. Many students are excited and talkative so it might be good to give them a few class periods to settle in. However, if it’s evident right away that this is a trend, it’s best to ask them to stay after class. You might approach them initially by saying that you are pleased with the amount of enthusiasm they have for discussion but were hoping that they have suggestions for getting the other class members equally involved. The student will most likely get your drift with minimal humiliation.
8. Sleeping in class
Sleeping in class is usually considered rude. Most faculty believe it should not be tolerated and is best curbed up front by waking a sleeping student and asking them to step outside with you. Once there faculty often tell students that it’s best for the rest of the class if they return when they are awake enough to be an active participant. This occurs from time to time and you obviously are the one to choose lenience or punitive action. If it’s one of your more regularly involved students, perhaps give them an option of an extra credit research assignment they can bring to your next class period covering the subject matter they missed while they were sleeping.
An alternative approach is to assume that the student does not feel well, was up most of the night with a sick child, or has some other condition that results in sleepiness when still for long periods of time. You might simply choose to wake the student and ask them if they are feeling alright. To pull this off you need to approach it with true concern for the student's health and well being. Most of the time, student's are so embarrased and so appreciative of your genuine concern that they don't let it happen again.
Encourage students to actively participate, take notes (explain that this is helpful to their learning as it stimulates memory in the brain) and in particularly long classes break up the session with activities or paired conversations about a topic to ensure that students stay engaged. Students don't learn much from listening, so remember that the more they "experience" the learning process the more you are really teaching.
9. Repeated Tardiness:
There should be clear parameters set around this issue up front – either in your syllabus or in the class decided norms. Stick to your guns on the policy. Some fair policies might include 3 tardies equals one abs ence.
It might be best to discuss this with students individually; some are habitually late because they are dependant on bus routes or other drivers for transportation to school.
10. Refusal to Participate or Speak
We cannot force students to speak in class nor participate in group projects. This can be addressed and become a win-win situation by either giving the student alternative options to verbal participation (unless it’s a speech class) or simply carefully coaxing some response out of them and praising whatever minimal effort you receive from them. Remember, some students are terrified to be in a class setting –especially if there are round tables rather than desks – allowing for little anonymity.
11. Sexual Innuendo, Flirting, or Other Inappropriate Suggestion
This behavior should be curbed as soon as it occurs. It’s never comfortable to tell a student that they aren’t being appropriate and if you are uncomfortable, a short, positive e-mail or phone call might suffice. Your response should be not judgmental and you might discuss it with your department chair or faculty mentor before broaching it with your student.
12. Sharing/Copying Work
In some cultures, students work together to produce homework. It may come as a shock to these students that they cannot submit identical work. This may also come as a surprise to couples, parent-child, siblings, or close friends. Be careful to give thought to how you will handle this before you encounter it and react as if it were intentional cheating. This can also occur when the class does a great deal of group work. Make sure you are clear about what is individual vs. group work in your assignments.
13. Plagiarism or Lying
Depending upon the class and the student’s prior knowledge of what plagiarism entails, some faculty issue an automatic F for the first instance, then expulsion from the class with a report to the department chair and division dean on a second instance. Most colleges have specific policies. Be sure to know you college policy before taking action.
Plagiarism should be outlined in your syllabus with a reference for students to the college catalog for more information.
14. Too Much Chit Chat
Give 2-minute chat times for groups or before class begins let them know that you have material to be covered and that their talking isn’t helping you achieve your goals for the class. Know too that some students occasionally translate a word or phrase to a tablemate who might not have as strong an understanding of English, be patient and observant when curbing this behavior.
15. Disrespectful Behavior
The reality is that sometimes students just plain won’t like you. You will find yourself in a conversation with yourself about why they don’t like you and treat you with disrespect. Animosity will perpetuate itself so remember your role and look for a way to positively invite the student to engage more deeply in the class. Perhaps offer them a special task based on a self-disclosed talent; for instance, a student whose hobby is Origami (Japanese paper folding) might lead a lesson on the art of following instructions.
Printable version of this table ( solutionstable.pdf )
A few notes on confronting the behaviors listed above:
Avoid calling a student to the carpet publicly. This can be humiliating and break down respect and the sense of a safe environment that students need in the classroom.
Start with a positive statement if possible: for example, if a student is monopolizing class discussion, you might start by saying, "I’m really pleased that you take such an interest in discussions and have a lot to share. But I was wondering if you might have suggestions to help others get equally involved?"
Document incidents that you feel might continue or are egregious enough to warrant a paper trail. Keep in mind that your dean will likely suggest you take a graduated approach: verbal warning, written warning, meeting with the dean, etc.
Remember that you were once a student. Think before you act. Take a deep breath if necessary before saying or doing anything you might later regret.
Setting the Classroom Atmosphere
You may wish to revisit and reflect upon the importance of the first day of class. A successful first day and week often contributes to a semester free of classroom management problems. Setting ground rules, as discussed in Module 4, can be particularly helpful.
Managing Tempo and Time
I f you have an early morning, after lunch, or after dinner class time, you might notice some problems with rhythm and attentiveness. You might start these classes with brainteasers or wake up exercises that get students ready to focus. Being aware of circadian rhythm might save you some frustration in getting used to timing issues with your class.
New instructors often become surprised by how even the best-laid lesson plans go awry. It is often the case that students will lead the discussion off topic and the instructor, pleased to have such lively interaction, will not be able to bring the class back on track. As mentioned in Making a Good First Impression, a handy practice is to have key phrases pre-planned to bring class back to topic such as "time to come together now, please wrap it up in 2 minutes."
Some classrooms don’t have clocks where faculty can see them, so as is practiced in Toastmasters (the professional speaking organization) it might be useful to select a timekeeper whose function it is to notify you when discussion time is up and transition is needed. I often write a reminder to the class not to let me get off track or talk past a certain time amount when we have a good amount of material to be covered or group activities planned. With this reminder written on the board under the daily agenda, students aren’t as hesitant to let me know that while they are fascinated by my words, I have exceeded a self-imposed limit.
Taking this a bit further, the act of student input into the pacing of the class adds to a sense of empowerment and lessens the sense that they are powerless to mood or whims of the instructor. Finally, if you have taken the advice to audio or video tape your instruction but still find that you are prone to tangents, you might bring a kitchen timer with a soft bell to keep track of time limits on lecturing or group projects. This is especially helpful with question and answer times following student presentations. With limited time allotted to groups or individuals to present, a timer can serve to maintain the sense of fairness.
Making a Connection Between Faculty and Students:
Students can feel disconnected and disoriented in a new class. Returning students might feel self-conscious about their age and out of place returning to school while younger students might bring emotional remnants of negative high school experiences with them to their first college classroom.
Breaking the ice is essential in establishing this connection. In Planning for the First Day of Class, you found solid advice for the first day of class. Some ideas for lessening the tensions that might exist from lack of familiarity include:
Know your philosophy regarding education and tell your students what it is. This can be an enlightening experience for them to realize that you consider your career to be deeper in meaning beyond merely collecting a paycheck.
Take digital photos (with permission) of the class to let them know that you value them and want know their names and faces as soon as possible. Other options are name tents in on their desk, or practice as a group with name memory tricks. Harry Lorraine is a memory expert whose video " Memory Power " teaches name and face recognition tricks. There is also ample information available on the Internet for getting students names learned quickly.
Present a visual depiction of your life such as a Power Point that contains family photos, pictures of a pet, a mission statement, examples of artwork, hobbies, short biographical sketch, etc. Allow students to ask questions within your comfort zone. I have found this to be a useful introduction to technology in presentations as well as breaking down student-perceived barriers. See Sample
Share an instance when you struggled as a student and how you dealt with it.
Share your memories of your best and your worst instructors when you were a student. Let them know that you are evolving as an instructor and hope to develop into one that learns to meet student’s expectations.
Distribute a questionnaire. I usually distribute a single-page (confidentially and with a clear statement that the decision to not answer the questions does not constitute lack of participation) for students’ e-mail address, phone number, age, number of children, hobbies, favorite books, expectations about the class, favorite movies, music, number of hours worked, special information that would help them succeed in the class, favorite subject in high school, plan of study, and more. Answers to the questionnaire are later discussed with the class in terms of averages and areas of interest. Often students make connections with each other when they hear commonalties.
Let the students know what you want them to call you. "Miss," "Mr.," "Mrs.," "Ms.," "First Name," "Professor," or "Dr." are the choices most commonly agreed upon. Remember, some students will not feel comfortable being required to call you by your first name based on cultural background or prior educational experience, so it’s recommended that they are not forced to do so. Conversely, be aware that some students interpret the informality of being on a first name basis or the discovery of commonalties as permission to try to bend boundaries or challenge standards. There is much to be gained from balancing friendliness with expectations.
Announce your boundaries for communication. Be it e-mail or talking after class, let them know what you will and will not accept. Tell students that you want to have outside of class communications but you need a certain amount of time for replies and need courtesy in communication. For example, I give a separate e-mail address to my students than my home address and let them know that they may not Spam me, add me to chain e-mail lists, send me unsolicited or unidentified attachments, nor add me to their instant message buddy lists without prior permission. Additionally, let them know that you want to be equitable in sharing your office hours with others students, so they might be asked to come to office hours with concrete questions or concerns.
Walk your talk: give students a list of things and behaviors they can expect from you. If you agree to give assignments back graded within one week, do so. Avoid contradicting yourself or appearing indecisive. Model the behaviors you expect of your students.
Allow students to form a list of expectations they have for you, the instructor. This can serve to empower students as well as provide a forum to discuss what their fears, concerns, expectations, and needs as students really are. This activity will most likely aid in the classroom sense of fairness and serve to prevent later challenges to fairness and or documentation issues by students.
Making Connections: Student-to-Student
Research into student retention suggests that students drop out of college most frequently citing lack of connection as the key factor. With this in mind, it is good practice to pepper the first few classes of the term with connection building activities. Having established a connection amongst peers, students will be more likely to contact each other outside of class for support, ask each other for missed notes, feel safer to offer answers aloud during discussions, and ask for advice regarding other academic and personal concerns. One of the most gratifying feelings as a new faculty was to witness my students staying after class to chat informally.
Some suggestions for fostering student connectedness are:
Pair off or small groups of three in which students find answers to questions written on the board such as "where were you born?," "why are you taking this class?," "what kind of car do you drive?," etc.
Scavenger hunts such as finding one person with 2 kids, one person who has a famous relative, one person who is born in January, 2 people who have unusual pets, etc.
For more suggestions, you might consult with your staff development office for books on team building exercises or search the Internet for "ice breaker" activities.
Helping Students Learn to Be College Students
Distributing this list of desirable and undesirable behaviors can serve to avert management issues in that some students simply do not realize that their behavior is negative or disruptive to the instructor or to their classmates. The following table identifies some common positive and negative behaviors that provide students with a guide for managing themselves as students. You might wish to distribute this list to your class at the time you discuss your syllabus or set class norms as a group. Feel free to modify this list as needed for your students.
Positive Impression Givers
Negative Impression Givers
Book on desk, pencil or pens ready
Picking face, nose, grooming, knuckle cracking, nail filing or cleaning teeth
Note taking or recording the lecture/class with permission from the instructor
Heavy sighs, eye rolling
Ask questions that are appropriate
Laughing AT the instructor rather than WITH the class
Make an effort to maintain eye contact
Leaving early without letting the instructor know ahead of time
Sit where you can see and be attentive
Frequent tardiness or absences
Submit assignments on time, ask if there is supplemental material you can explore to better complete your assignments such as video titles or other materials
Distracting noises: foot tapping, nail biting, pen twirling/tapping, yawning w/o covering your mouth, mumbling, zipping up bags to indicate you want the class to end, paper tearing, paper toy making, etc.
Help your classmates whenever possible
Head on desk to indicate boredom
Make certain you understand assignments when assigned
Staring at the clock or your watch
Save announcements about necessary absences for before or after class
Skipping assignments and/or breaking assignment policy, handing in shoddy, unstapled, ripped out pages that show no care for the assignment
Refrain from doing other course work or paying bills in class
Refer to sexual situations inappropriately in assignments (unless it’s asked for in the assignment such as a human sexuality class)
When using the Internet in class, stay on task rather than surfing for fun
Frequently forget text and notebook
Give the instructor the respect you wish to be treated with
Attempt to be class clown inappropriately; a joke here and there is fine, but repetitious clowning is distracting
Don’t interrupt, belittle, or put down fellow students
Squinting or face making to show disapproval
Keeping an open mind when issues arise you disagree with. Disagreeing with dignity.
Note passing or hand signals to others
Make certain you pay your fees for enrollment and get your text on the first day of class
Interrupting the instructor to ask what you missed when you were absent or if you missed anything "important"
Be positive with expectations of success in the course
Acting as if the class or topic of discussion is irrelevant or stupid – if you really feel so, drop the class
Know the instructor’s name and call them only what they prefer to be called – ask if necessary
Leaving your belongings where they inconvenience others
Spell the class, instructor, and assignment name correctly on all submitted work
Tipping in your chair | msmarco_doc_00_26282258 |
http://4fi8v2446i0sw2rpq2a3fg51-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/IdentificationBooklet_web.pdf | Visual Guide to Identifying Cats
Visual
Guide
to
Identifying
Cats
Coat
Colors
Black
Gray
White
Buff
Brown
Orange
Tortoiseshell
Calico
Coat
Patterns
Pointed
Shaded
Tabby
Classic
Mackerel
Ticked
Spotted
Markings
Locket
Tail
Tip
Socks
Did
You
Know?
Blaze
Eye
patch
Tuxedo
Snowshoe
Van
Feature
Colors
Eye
Color
Did
You
Know?
Whiskers
Noses
Paw
pads
Unique
Identifiers
Eartip
Ear
Notch
Folded
Ears
Polydactyl
Manx
Determining
Sex
Female
Neutered
Male
Intact
Male
It’s
helpful
to
consider
other
distinct
features:
Additional
Resources:
| Visual Guide to Identifying Cats
Visual
Guide
to
Identifying
Cats
When
cats
have
similar
colors
and
patterns,
like
two
gray
tabbies,
it
can
seem
impossible
to
tell
them
apart!
That
is,
until
you
take
note
of
even
the
smallest
details
in
their
appearance.
Knowledge
is
power,
whether
you’re
an
animal
control
officer
or
animal
shelter
employee
who
needs
to
identify
cats
regularly,
or
you
want
to
identify
your
own
cat.
This
guide
covers
cats’
traits
from
their
overall
looks,
like
coat
pattern,
to
their
tiniest
features,
like
whisker
color.
Let’s
use
our
office
cats
as
examples:
Oliver
(left):
neutered
male,
shorthair,
solid
black,
pale
green
eyes,
black
whiskers,
a
black
nose,
and
black
paw
pads.
Charles
(right):
neutered
male,
shorthair,
brown
mackerel
tabby
with
spots
toward
his
rear,
yellow-green
eyes,
white
whiskers
with
some
black
at
the
roots,
a
pink-brown
nose,
and
black
paw
pads.
Coat
Colors
Below
you’ll
find
the
most
common
base
coat
colors.
Coats
may
be
solid
color
or
a
combination
of
colors.
Tortoiseshell
and
calico,
while
technically
coat
patterns,
are
only
seen
in
the
specific
colors.
Black
Black
is
one
of
the
most
common
colors.
Many
black
cats
have
golden
eyes.
Gray
Gray
is
a
diluted
black.
It
is
often
seen
under
tabby
stripes.
White
Pure
white
cats
exist,
but
the
most
common
way
to
see
white
on
a
cat
is
in
a
bicolor
pattern—patches
of
white
with
another
color.
Buff
Buff,
or
tan,
is
a
diluted
orange,
often
accompanied
by
dark
orange
tabby
stripes.
Brown
Solid
brown
cats
are
very
rare
and
usually
only
seen
in
specific
breeds.
Brown
is
more
commonly
seen
along
with
tabby
stripes.
Orange
Orange,
also
known
as
red,
is
another
very
common
color.
About
80
percent
of
orange
cats
are
male.
Tortoiseshell
Tortoiseshell
(tortie)
is
a
mixed
blend
of
orange
and
black,
or
a
diluted
version
with
gray
and
buff.
Torties
are
almost
always
female.
Calico
Calico
is
distinct
patches
of
solid
orange,
black,
and
white,
or
a
diluted
version
with
buff,
gray,
and
white.
They
are
almost
always
female.
Coat
Patterns
Patterns
can
appear
in
many
colors,
and
cats
can
have
multiple
patterns.
For
example,
a
cat
can
be
orange
and
white
bicolor
with
tabby
stripes
(as
seen
below
left).
Bicolor
Pointed
Also
called
•
Light-colored
piebald
body
Always
white
and
•
Darker
color
on
another
color
Can
have
a
lot
of
white
or
very
little
ears,
face,
tail,
and
legs
Shaded
Fur
is
white
at
base
and
gets
darker
toward
tips
Typically
seen
in
longhair
cats
Four
types
of
tabby
patterns
Tabby
M-shape
pattern
on
forehead
Typically
striped,
but
there
are
four
types
Can
appear
in
any
color
or
pattern
Classic
Wide
stripes
in
a
marbled,
circular
pattern
Mackerel
Thin
vertical
stripes
down
from
the
back,
with
a
dark
stripe
the
length
of
the
back
Ticked
No
body
stripes
(individual
hairs
have
bands
of
color)
and
thin
stripes
on
face,
legs,
and
tail
Spotted
Round
spots
instead
of
stripes
Markings
Markings
are
an
important
factor
in
identifying
cats.
They
can
present
themselves
in
different
colors
and
patterns,
and
non-white
markings
can
also
have
patterns.
Cats
can
have
several
markings
at
once.
These
are
just
a
few
common
markings.
Locket
Triangular
white
patch
on
the
chest
Tail
Tip
Different
color,
usually
white,
on
the
tip
of
the
tail
Socks
Different
color,
usually
white,
on
paw
or
leg
Did
You
Know?
Kittens
can
be
born
with
tabby
markings
that
disappear
over
time,
or
be
born
a
solid
color
and
develop
markings.
Blaze
White
stripe
between
the
eyes
Eye
patch
Colored
spot
across
one
eye,
on
a
mostly
white
face
Tuxedo
Typically
black
and
white,
with
a
blaze
up
the
nose
and
a
“jacket”
on
the
back
Snowshoe
Pointed
pattern
with
blue
eyes
and
white
markings
on
the
face
and
body
Van
All-white
body
with
colored
markings
on
the
head
and
tail
only
Feature
Colors
Eye
Color
Typically
cats
have
green,
yellow,
or
blue
eyes
in
a
variety
of
shades.
All
kittens
are
born
with
blue
eyes,
but
their
true
color
develops
between
6
and
8
weeks
old.
dichroic
eye
(not
pictured)
has
patches
of
different
colors.
Odd-eye
cats
have
different
colored
eyes.
Did
You
Know?
The
wild
ancestor
of
the
domestic
cat
species
had
tabby
stripes.
Through
breeding,
a
variety
of
different
patterns
and
markings
developed
over
time.
The
color
of
cats’
eyes,
paw
pads,
whiskers,
and
noses
can
help
in
their
identification.
Whiskers
Whiskers
are
typically
black,
white,
or
a
combination.
Even
individual
whiskers
can
have
both
colors.
Noses
Noses
are
typically
black,
pink,
gray,
brown,
tan,
or
a
spotted
combination
of
these
colors.
Paw
pads
Paw
pads
are
typically
black,
pink,
mauve,
or
a
spotted
combination
of
these
colors.
Each
paw
pad
can
be
a
different
color.
Unique
Identifiers
Eartip
The
universal
sign
that
a
community
cat
has
been
spayed
or
neutered.
Learn
more
at
alleycat.org/Eartip.
Ear
Notch
An
alternative
to
the
eartip,
but
not
recommended
by
Alley
Cat
Allies.
Folded
Ears
The
tips
of
the
ears
are
folded
over,
often
due
to
genetics.
Polydactyl
Also
called
Hemingway
cats,
these
felines
have
an
extra
toe,
or
toes,
on
one
or
more
paws.
Manx
missing
or
partial
tail,
due
to
genetics
or
previous
injury.
Determining
Sex
It
can
be
dicult
to
determine
if
cats
are
male
or
female.
The
easiest
and
quickest
way
to
tell
is
by
looking
at
the
space
between
the
anus
and
the
genital
opening.
Less
than
½
inch
Female
Females
have
less
than
½
inch
between
the
anus
and
the
genital
opening.
If
she
is
spayed,
you
may
see
a
surgery
scar
on
her
stomach,
but
you
can’t
always
tell
without
a
veterinarian’s
help.
More
than
inch
Neutered
Male
Neutered
males
have
more
than
1
inch
between
the
anus
and
the
genital
opening.
Although
neutered
males
no
longer
have
testicles,
some
cats
still
have
the
extra
skin
and
fur
in
that
area.
More
than
inch
Intact
Male
Intact
males
have
more
than
1
inch
between
the
anus
and
the
genital
opening,
and
have
testicles.
They
also
have
broader
heads
and
jawlines.
But
my
cat
doesn’t
look
like
any
of
these
cats!
All
cats
are
unique
and
can
have
a
variety
of
colors,
patterns,
and
markings.
This
guide
covers
the
basics
of
cat
identification,
but
no
guide
can
capture
all
the
distinct
characteristics,
variations,
and
combinations
of
features.
It’s
helpful
to
consider
other
distinct
features:
Does
she
have
any
unique
markings,
like
an
orange
tail
tip
or
spot
shaped
like
a
heart?
Does
she
have
old
injuries
that
stand
out,
like
a
missing
eye
or
patch
of
missing
hair?
Does
she
have
all
her
teeth?
Is
she
declawed?
If
so,
on
which
paws?
Note:
Alley
Cat
Allies
is
against
the
cruel
and
unnecessary
practice
of
declawing
cats.
However,
if
a
cat
has
been
declawed,
it
can
help
identify
her.
Additional
Resources:
Learn
more
about
identifying
cats
to
increase
their
chances
of
returning
to
their
owners
at
alleycat.org/IDGuide.
Record
your
own
cat’s
colors,
markings,
and
more
with
our
helpful
worksheet.
That
way,
you’ll
be
able
to
accurately
describe
your
cat’s
appearance
if
needed.
Download
for
free
at
alleycat.org/IDGuide.
Get
an
at-a-glance
version
of
this
guide
with
our
“Cat
Coat
Colors,
Patterns,
and
Lengths”
poster.
Hang
it
up
in
your
shelter
or
veterinary
clinic
for
quick
reference,
and
to
make
identifying
cats
easier.
You
can
find
it
in
our
shop
at
alleycat.org/Shop.
Microchips
play
a
critical
role
in
reuniting
cats
with
their
families.
Owners
should
ensure
their
cats
are
microchipped,
and
animal
shelter
staff
and
veterinarians
should
plan
to
scan
every
cat
who
comes
into
their
facility
for
a
microchip.
Not
only
does
it
get
cats
back
home,
it
also
saves
lives.
Learn
more
about
the
importance
of
microchipping
and
our
Plan
to
Scan
campaign
at
alleycat.org/PlanToScan.
Connect
with
us
online!
facebook.com/AlleyCatAllies
instagram.com/AlleyCatAllies
twitter.com/AlleyCatAllies
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http://4gbritain.org/how-to-kick-or-ban-members-from-a-discord-channel/ | SOLVED! - How To Remove Someone From A Discord Group/Channel | How To Remove Someone From A Discord Group/Channel
How To Remove Someone From A Discord Group/Channel
Table of Contents
Reasons for a kick/ban
How to Remove Someone from a Discord Chart on PC
To Kick Someone Out of a Discord Group DM Chat
Locating A User to A Different Channel
Pruning Your Server
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How To Remove Someone From A Discord Group/Channel
February 5, 2021
March 1, 2020 by Hardik Hardiya
Table of Contents
Reasons for a kick/ban
How to Remove Someone from a Discord Chart on PC
To Kick Someone Out of a Discord Group DM Chat
Locating A User to A Different Channel
Pruning Your Server
Sometimes it may suck to become the one who takes control over any community or group, especially when you have to decide who will stay and who will be kicked out. Removing or banning someone from a Discord channel just because an individual disturbs others, spam or break the rules. These kinds of punishments happen on servers all the time. If you are the server owner who is wondering to find ways to remove someone from a Discord chat channel, don’t worry! We are here to help you.
Reasons for a kick/ban
It would be a great idea if reasons for banning or kicking someone from a Discord channel are set because sometimes “the victim” wants to know exactly why they have to get such punishment. Unfortunately, as of it right now, there have not had any clue about why this person get banished or kicked.
How to Remove Someone from a Discord Chart on PC
Follow these steps below to kick or ban users from a room in Discord.
1. Open Discord. Select the server from the list on the left side of the screen
Discord’s main interface
2. Scroll through and select which channel (voice or text chat channel) you want the user to leave from.
Select the server on discord
3. Select a user you want to ban. A pop-up menu will appear with a few different options.
Select the channel on Discord
4. Click Ban (username) at the bottom of the list. A pop-up message will appear. to confirm
Select the user to be banned
5. Click Ban to confirm.
Ban username
*Note: The user can join the channel only when given permission by those with the proper roles.
Although there’s no real way to “ban” someone from a direct message for a certain amount of time, you can kick them off the chat group if you want to give them another chance to rejoin the group.
To Kick Someone Out of a Discord Group DM Chat
1. Open Discord. Select the group message. All of your direct messages appear under the “Direct Messages” heading.
Account on discord
2. Click the member icon on the top-right corner of the screen.
Member icon
3. Select the one you want to kick out, then a pop-up will appear.
The person you want to remove
4. Click ‘Remove from Group’. This person will no longer be a part of this group conversation.
Remove a person from a Discord group
Locating A User to A Different Channel
Sometimes you may not want to kick a user from the channel, but move them to a different one. This can occur if someone has left but let their microphone on and all of their background noise can be heard in the channel. There are two ways to move a user from one channel to another:
Method 1: Drag a user’s name from the channel to another similar channel. You can only move a user from a voice channel to another voice channel, or text channel to text channel. You’ll also need to have the move-members permission enabled.
Method 2: Right-click the user’s name –> Select Move to from the popup menu –> choose the channel you want that user moved.
Pruning Your Server
If you are in trouble keeping track of members and need to kick stale users who haven’t logged into your server for a set of time, you can mass kick them all with the Prune option instead of policing each member individually. To prune, please follow these steps:
Select Server Settings on the top of the screen then the server you want to prune.
Server Settings
2. In the “Members” tab, you’ll see the whole list of members with their roles in your server. You’ll also find the Prune.
Prune option
3. Select the time threshold for last activity you want to prune members for. You can choose among 1 day, 7 days, 30 days.
Keep in mind that before pruning if you’re trying to remove someone, you are needed to remove the role because pruning will only work on those members without a currently assigned role. This is a really good way to keep your servers clean of freeloaders. But, be careful while Pruning as sometimes you probably miskick your friends out.
Hardik Hardiya
I am a Software developer with approx 4 years of experience in building various responsive and beautiful websites and apps.
Language: Ruby, Java, HTML/CSS, Android
Frameworks: Ruby on Rails, Hosting: Heroku, Godaddy
Database: Mysql, Postgres, Mongo, Oracle
Also please look on my stack overflow profile.
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http://4h.ansci.cornell.edu/animal-programs/goats/ | Goat Program | NYS 4-H Youth Development Program | Goat Program
Goat Program
Owning a goat is a serious commitment – they live about as long as a large dog.
Dairy Goat Projects
Meat Goat Projects
Working Goat Projects (Driving & Pack)
Fiber Goat Projects
| Goat Program | NYS 4-H Youth Development Program
Home Animal Programs Goat Program
Goat Program
Owning a goat is a serious commitment – they live about as long as a large dog.
Goat projects of many kinds are available to New York youth ages 5-19 through the Cornell Cooperative Extension program. For more information, contact your county CCE office or the address at the end of this page. 2019 NYS Fair Youth Meat Goat Placings
Dairy Goat Projects
If your family likes dairy products, dairy goats may be the perfect animals for you.
Though smaller than cows, they give family-sized amounts of milk daily.
They cost less to house and feed, are very affectionate and make great companions.
Like cows, they need to be milked twice a day.
Meat Goat Projects
Goat meat is one of the most commonly eaten meats in the world.
Goat meat tastes similar to venison and beef.
Meat goats do not need to be milked every day.
Check out our: Fact Sheet Series on Meat Goat Herd Management Practices
Working Goat Projects (Driving & Pack)
Goats make wonderful companions. Female goats (does) and especially castrated male goats (wethers) can be trained to pull carts or carry packs to help you with chores or provide recreational enjoyment.
Owning a working goat is a long term project. Working goats have approximately the same life span as a dog and require regular training and exercise.
Basic training can start as early as 2 to 3 months of age. However, they will not be ready to carry or pull substantial weight until mature.
Some of the equipment can be fairly expensive to purchase. The NYS 4-H Working Goat Committee offers a lending program which allows 4-Hers to borrow goat packs or harnesses for up to 3 months to see if these activities are for you!
Fiber Goat Projects
A fiber goat project is perfect for someone who likes goats, wants to learn how to spin, and likes to knit, crochet or weave.
The fleece of a sheep is made up of a fiber called wool. The fleece of a goat is made up of either cashmere or mohair fiber.
All goats with the exception of Angora goats produce a fuzzy undercoat of soft fiber in the winter to help keep them warm. This fiber is called cashmere.
Angora goats produce lots of long, curly fiber. However, this fiber is not called angora. Instead, it is called mohair. Only Angora rabbits produce Angora!
Some goats produce so much cashmere that it is worth the time and effort to harvest the cashmere by combing or shearing to make it into yarn.
You can use either does or wethers for a fiber goat project.
A fiber goat’s fleece must be kept clean all winter and harvested every year.
Michigan State University offers an Angora Goat Project record book and a 22pg booklet entitled “Your Angora Goat Project”.
Contact: tatiana Stanton | msmarco_doc_00_26328218 |
http://4h.ucanr.edu/About/4-H_Emblem_Motto_-_Creed/ | 4-H Emblem, Motto & Creed - University of California 4-H Youth Development Program | 4-H Emblem, Motto & Creed
4-H Emblem, Motto & Creed
4-H Emblem
4-H Motto
4-H Creed
| 4-H Emblem, Motto & Creed - University of California 4-H Youth Development Program
4-H Emblem, Motto & Creed
4-H Emblem
The official emblem is green with white H's - the 4-H colors. The white symbolizes purity. The green represents nature's most common color and is emblematic of youth, life and growth. The 4-H flag consists of a green, four-leaf, stemmed clover on a white background. The clover has a letter “H” in white or metallic gold on each leaf. The H’s stand for Head, Heart, Hands and Health.
The 4-H emblem symbolizes the aim and desired results of effective learning for each individual.
HEAD - Problem solving: ability to sort out complex problems.
HEART - Emotional development: developing good attitudes toward work and learning; developing acceptance and appreciation of other people.
HANDS - Skills development: ability to do, skill in doing and habit of doing.
HEALTH - Physical development: understanding and appreciating a growing and changing body.
Use of 4-H Colors, Symbols and Emblem:
The use of 4-H symbols is optional. However, if 4-H symbols are used to publicize events or represent activities as official 4-H functions, their use must conform to certain regulations. See Using the 4-H Name and Emblem for more information.
Suspected violations in the use of the 4-H name or emblem should be reported to the UCCE county director at the county level. Violations that extend beyond one county or a multi-county partnership should be reported to the Associate Director of 4-H Program and Policy.
4-H Motto
“To Make the Best Better.” Its intent is to inspire young people to continue to learn and grow, to make their best efforts better through participating in educational experiences. The 4-H motto supports the California 4-H YDP mission of engaging youth in reaching their fullest potential.
4-H Creed
I believe in 4-H Club work for the opportunity it will give me to become a useful citizen.
I believe in the training of my HEAD for the power it will give me to think, plan and to reason.
I believe in the training of my HEART for the nobleness it will give me to be kind, sympathetic and true.
I believe in the training of my HANDS for the ability it will give me to be helpful, skillful, and useful.
I believe in the training of my HEALTH for the strength it will give me to enjoy life, to resist disease, and to work efficiently.
I believe in my country, my state, and my community and in my responsibility for their development.
In all these things I believe, and am willing to dedicate my efforts to their fulfillment. | msmarco_doc_00_26331429 |
http://4h.ucanr.edu/About/History/ | 4-H History - University of California 4-H Youth Development Program | 4-H History
4-H History
History of the 4-H Pledge
California 4-H History
Collegiate 4-H History
| 4-H History - University of California 4-H Youth Development Program
4-H History
The 4-H program began around the start of the 20th century with the work of several people throughout the United States who were concerned about the positive growth of young people.
The seed of the 4-H idea of practical and "hands-on" learning came from the desire to make public school education more connected to country life. Early programs tied both public and private resources together for the purpose of helping rural youth.
During this time, researchers at experiment stations of the land-grant college system and USDA saw that adults in the farming community did not readily accept new agricultural discoveries. However, educators found that youth could "experiment" with these new ideas and then share their experiences and successes with the adults.
As a result, rural youth programs became a way to introduce new agricultural technology to adults. A.B. Graham started one such youth program in Ohio in 1902, considered the birth of the 4-H program in the U.S. When Congress created the Cooperative Extension Service in the USDA in 1914, it included boys' and girls' club work. These soon became known as 4-H clubs - head, heart, hands, and health.
Nearing its 50th anniversary, 4-H began to undergo several changes. In 1948, a group of American youth traveled to Europe, and a group of Europeans came to the United States on the first International Farm Youth Exchange. Since then, thousands of young people have participated in the 4-H out-of-state and international exchange programs.
In the 1950s, 4-H began to extend into urban areas as well. Soon, the focus of 4-H became centered around the personal growth of the member. Life skills development was built into 4-H projects, activities and events to help youth become contributing, productive, self-directed members of society. The organization changed in the 1960s, combining 4-H groups divided by gender or race into a single integrated program.
Read more about National 4-H History.
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History of the 4-H Pledge
Written by Otis Hall of the Kansas State College of Agriculture
June 1927 - Officially adopted by the 4-H program at the first National 4-H Camp
1973 - At the request of several states and on the recommendation of 4-H members attending the National 4-H Conference, the pledge was changed in 1973 to include "my world." Their addition is the only change ever made to the 4-H pledge.
See the 4-H Pledge in multiple languages.
California 4-H History
As early as 1912, the University of California had encouraged the formation of boys' and girls' agricultural clubs in rural areas and collaborated with school districts to organize them. In 1913, the forerunner of 4-H was founded - an agricultural club at the college of agriculture in Davis. By 1914, eighty-four high school agricultural clubs were reported in California. The goal of these clubs was not only to train youth in agricultural skills, but to influence the practices of adult farmers and homemakers through their ongoing projects. University Extension staff outlined project work and ultimately concentrated the twenty-four original projects into six. Although girls were not specifically excluded, membership in the earliest clubs consisted only of boys.
Each club sponsored contests in animal or crop production, with members keeping detailed records and competing to make the largest profit. In 1915, thirty-seven clubs had at least six boys each and were competing against each other in local contests. By 1917, 2,716 participants in 208 high school agricultural clubs were engaged in projects under the direction of the University of California. Contest winners received prizes, usually a trip to Berkeley or the University Farm in Davis. In the summer of 1914, 142 boys enjoyed three days of camping in militia tents at the University Farm in Davis, establishing the start of the annual summer 4-H conference.
During the 1920s, agricultural club work continued to grow. More than 5,000 youth were enrolled by mid-decade, and more than 400 volunteer leaders contributed their time to club work. The ever popular club summer camps continued at the University Farm, bringing youth together from throughout California.
In 1928, the title "4-H" appeared in California reports of youth work. In the 1930s, over 10,000 youth in California 4-H clubs were developing skills through individual projects and learning leadership and civic responsibility through community improvement projects. As totalitarianism threatened Europe toward the end of the decade, 4-H leaders placed a new emphasis on citizenship training, the history of democracy, government processes, political parties, and voting.
In 1953, a state 4-H club leader was assigned by the University Extension. 4-H programs were reorganized with a widened project base aimed to reach a broader audience than just rural boys and girls. Projects were offered in rural electricity, tractor maintenance, entomology, and home economics. Projects were no longer required to show an economic return, and many 4-H clubs were used to extend research.
During the late 1960s, the traditional 4-H program received new stimulus. Congress appropriated funds for programs in low income urban areas and state funds were allocated for urban youth work. Some counties developed experimental 4-H programs, adopting projects and methods for new groups with special needs. In 1964, there were 37,000 4-H members in 1,000 clubs. By 1969, 4-H had grown to 50,000 members, with 20 percent of members coming from low income areas.
In the 1970s and 1980s, federal legislation focused on women, the handicapped, and minorities with respect to equal opportunity. The 4-H program attracted minorities with short-term projects, after-school programs, and special urban and migrant outreach efforts. Since not all programs effectively incorporated inner-city youth, 4-H specialists expanded the program by seeking grant funding and private support for special projects, such as the summer outdoor education project in the San Joaquin Valley.
During the 1980s, dramatic demographic and social changes spanning the dimensions of race, ethnicity, language, and socioeconomic positions arose in California. Many immigrants from Asia, Latin America, Russia, and the Caribbean settled in California. Family patterns that included single-parent households and working mothers had an impact on youth needs. As a result, 4-H fostered new ideas to revitalize existing programs and started new ones. In Los Angeles, 4-H pioneered programs in low-income housing projects such as drama, arts and crafts, cooking, math, and reading. Due to urban areas having large and heterogeneous populations, many urban programs were operated collaboratively with community organizations. In doing so, 4-H became a partner in federally funded programs that help children catch up in school, obtain health care, and adapt to new communities.
Today, after more than 100 years, 4-H offers opportunities in communications, leadership, career development, livestock, home improvement, and computer technology to 7 million American youth. Programs are found in rural and urban areas throughout the country and similar programs around the world. 4-H continues to grow and develop with the head, heart, hands, and health of our youth.
Collegiate 4-H History
In California, collegiate 4-H clubs were founded at UC Davis and UC Berkeley in 1932. Both clubs were inactive during WWII. UC Davis was re-activated in 1952, while the club at UC Berkeley remained inactive. There have been other collegiate 4-H clubs in California, including Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo, Stanford, Fresno State, and Humboldt State.
Nationally, collegiate 4-H clubs were formed as early as 1921. However, often they were not referred to as collegiate 4-H clubs. As an example, the North Carolina State University collegiate 4-H club began as the 4-H Supper Club. Growth of collegiate 4-H through the years has been demonstrated through a gradual movement toward objectives and goals as a collegiate 4-H "service oriented" organization. Founded in 1925 at Washington State College, Pullman, Mu Beta Beta 4-H Club Fraternity was established as a national 4-H honor fraternity to promote interest in college 4-H clubs. The motto was "Seek to Improve the Best." The fraternity is no longer active. | msmarco_doc_00_26334339 |
http://4h.ucanr.edu/About/Pledge/ | 4-H Pledge - University of California 4-H Youth Development Program | 4-H Pledge
4-H Pledge
Promesa 4-H (Spanish)
4-H Cog Lus (Hmong)
Ich verspreche (German)
4-H no Seiyaku (Japanese)
Les membres engagent (French)
Norwegian Bokmål (Norwegian)
| 4-H Pledge - University of California 4-H Youth Development Program
4-H Pledge
The 4-H pledge is commonly said at the beginning of 4-H club meetings, conferences, and events.
As a true 4-H member, I pledge...
My head to clearer thinking,
My heart to greater loyalty,
My hands to larger service,
My health to better living
for my club, my community,
my country and my world.
Here is the 4-H Pledge in other languages.
Promesa 4-H (Spanish)
Promesa 4H
Prometo usar mi mente para pensar con más claridad,
mi corazón para ser más leal,
mis manos para ser más servicial,
mi salud para cuidarme más,
por mi club, mi comunidad, mi país y mi mundo.
Translated by Dr. Lisa Lauxman, National 4-H Foundation
4-H Cog Lus (Hmong)
Kuv cog lus kuv:
Kuv lub taub hau rau meej meej xav kev,
Kuv lub plawv rau loj dua kev ncaj ncess,
Kuv txhais tes rau pab cov neeg,
Thiab kuv cov kev mob rau kov zoo dua ciaj,
Muab rau kuv lub koom haum,
Kub vlub zos, kub lub tebchaws, thiab kuv tub ntiaj teb.
- Translated by Roberta Xiong, Merced County 4-H Member (2002)
Ich verspreche (German)
Ich verspreche
Den Kopf zu klarem Denken,
Das Herz zu größerer Treue,
Die Hände zu größerem Dienst, und
Die Gesundheit zu besserem Leben,
Für meinen Klub, meine Gemeinschaft, mein Land, und meine Welt.
- Translated by Henrik Nielsen (2004)
4-H no Seiyaku (Japanese)
Meikaku ni kangaeru kotono dekiru atama,
Seijitsu to Yujo ni tomu kokoro,
Shakai ni yakudatsu ude,
Yori kenkona seikatsu o shite,
Kazoku, chiiki, sekai ni hoshi o shiyou.
- Translated by 4-H Japanese Exchange Summer Hosting Program (2002)
Les membres engagent (French)
Les membres engagent
Ma tête à penser plus clair
Mon coeur à la plus grande loyauté
Mes mains au plus grand service, et
Ma santé le meilleur habiter,
Pour mon club, ma communauté, mon pays et mon monde.
- Translated by Florida 4-H Program
Norwegian Bokmål (Norwegian)
Vi lover å arbeide,
Mot det mål,
Å bli en ungdom,
Med klart hode,
Varmt hjerte,
Flinke hender, og
God helse.
- Translated by Inger Marie Angeltveit, Norway (2006) | msmarco_doc_00_26343617 |
http://4h.ucanr.edu/Programs/Clubs/Officers/ | Youth Officers - University of California 4-H Youth Development Program | Youth Officers
Youth Officers
Responsibilities
Resources
| Youth Officers - University of California 4-H Youth Development Program
Youth Officers
4-H club officers are elected annually in accordance with the club's constitution and bylaws. Under the guidance of the 4-H community club leader and/or the officer's advisor, officers are responsible for a particular part of the 4-H club's function. Generally, 4-H clubs have a president, vice president, secretary, treasurer, and sergeant at arms. However, 4-H units may have additional officers according to their constitution and bylaws. Other activities and events may be planned by a committee.
Together, the 4-H club officer team is responsible for the administration of the 4-H club and its programs. Club officers plan and carry out community club meetings. This process engages officers by encouraging them to learn experientially. The officer advisor serves as a facilitator, counselor, resource provider, and coach to the officers.
These objectives of holding an office include increased:
planning and organizing skills.
teamwork, leadership, and social skills.
communication and public speaking skills.
self-responsibility.
decision making skills.
record keeping and management skills.
Responsibilities
As an officer, you will manage the planning and implementation of the club’s programs and business. You will be a guardian of the club’s legal, financial, social, and educational responsibilities. Officers are responsible for ensuring that the club is inclusive and does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, religion, sex, or disability.
The general duties of holding an office include:
Learn and act upon the duties of your office.
Be an active member of the board of officers.
Attend officer executive board meetings.
Attend club meetings and activities.
Lead in planning meetings and events.
Give your opinion on issues, but also listen to what others have to say.
Actively represent 4-H in your community.
Let the officer advisor know if you are unable to attend a meeting.
Club officers and officer advisors have an important responsibility to their club, the University of California, and the public. The club has educational goals for its membership, service and membership goals for the community, and fiscal and legal responsibilities to the University of California.
Resources
4-H Officer's Manual (2013)
4-H Club Program Planning Guide
4-H Choose Health Officers Guide
Civic Engagement Officer
Civic Engagement Officer Training
Healthy Living Officer Training
Officer Forms:
4-H Club Business Meeting Agenda (Word)
4-H Club Business Meeting Agenda (PDF)
Annual 4-H Club Planner (Word)
Annual 4-H Club Planner (PDF)
4-H Club Meeting Planner (Word)
4-H Club Meeting Planner (PDF)
4-H Outreach Methods Documentation Form (Word)
4-H Outreach Methods Documentation Form (PDF)
4-H Club Meeting Minutes (Word)
4-H Club Meeting Minutes (PDF)
Treasurer's Manual (2014)
As the 4-H treasurer, you help plan the club’s budget for the year, keep all the banking and financial records for your club and help make sure that your club’s money is used responsibly, ethically and fairly. Use this manual and the forms below.
Form 5.2 Mid-Year Club Peer Review Report
Form 5.3 Mid-Year Club Peer Review Committee Checklist
Form 6.1 4-H Club Monthly Report
Form 6.2 Annual Inventory Report
Form 6.3 Annual Financial Report
Form 7.1 4-H Treasurer's Checklist
Form 8.1 4-H Club Ledger
Form 8.2 Club Project Ledger
Form 8.3 Checkbook Balancing
Form 8.4 4-H Club Budget
Form 8.5 Year-End Club Peer Review Report
Form 8.6 Year-End Club Peer Review Checklist
Form 8.7 Fundraising Approval
Form 8.8 Monthly Statement of Cash Collections
Form 8.9 Club Check Request
Form 8.10 Missing Receipt
Treasurer Forms (Excel)
Other resources:
4-H Donation Receipt
4-H_Donation_Receipt_for_Auctions
4-H_Donation_Receipt_Template_Letter | msmarco_doc_00_26346192 |
http://4h.ucanr.edu/Resources/Member_Resources/RecordBook/ | 4-H Record Books - University of California 4-H Youth Development Program | 4-H Record Books
4-H Record Books
Record Books during social isolation
Record Books during Social Isolation
Record Book Virtual Evaluations
Virtual Record Book Evaluations
Record Book Competitions
The Online Record Book (ORB)
About 4-H Record Books
Why have 4-H Record Books?
Benefits of completing a 4-H Record Book:
Do I have to do a Record Book?
| 4-H Record Books - University of California 4-H Youth Development Program
4-H Record Books
Record Books during social isolation
Tips on meeting 4-H club and project requirements with virtual learning. Here are some tips for earning your Star Rank credits virtually and ideas on how to record them in your Record Book. Remember to talk to your Club or Project Leader about options for meeting project or club completion projects.
Are you a Club Officer? How can you help the younger members in your club finish their 4-H year successfully?
Download Tips for Earning and Recording Star Rank Credits in a Virtual World
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Record Books during Social Isolation
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Record Book Virtual Evaluations
Trying to decide if you want to host Club and County Record Book Evaluations/Competitions virtually? This recorded webinar discusses options to consider.
Covered in the slide deck and video recording:
Considerations such as unknowns, inequitable access to tools, and reducing stress on families
Star Rank Achievements
Evaluation/Competition Recommendations—guidance regardless of how you decide to complete evaluations
Options for collecting signatures
Options for submitting books: email, scanned, drop-off
Options to evaluate virtual independently, virtual small group, in-person after SIP lifted
Supports provided by Statewide Incentives & Recognition Advisory Committee
Download the Slide Deck of this recorded webinar: RB Virtual Evaluations
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University of California 4-H Youth Development Progam
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Virtual Record Book Evaluations
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•
Record Book Competitions
Record books can be submitted for review and evaluation at the Club, County, and State level. Learn more about Record Book Competitions.
The Online Record Book (ORB)
As of of July 1, 2020, ORB is no longer being used to complete record books.
Those who have begun a 2019-2020 record book in the ORB system will have access to the system till December 31, 2020 to complete them. Visit the ORB Sunset Support Page for information, timeline, tips, and tools to help you during this transition.
About 4-H Record Books
The 4-H program has a long history of record keeping. The focus reflects the importance of this life skill in our daily lives. Completing a 4-H Record Book is a process where you record project and club work using a standard format.
Why have 4-H Record Books?
Completing the Personal Development Report in the Record Book provides you an incentive for participation, learning, and achievement.
Benefits of completing a 4-H Record Book:
Practice Records Management - Track your activities, events, profits and losses, skill development and learning experiences. In this competency skill you identify, create, classify, archive and preserve records.
Reflect on your yearly work - Document your skill development and learning experiences in a written report.
Measure your achievements and growth throughout your years in 4-H.
Set goals, pursue strategies to meet those goals, and record how you may have had to shift gears in the face of challenges and obstacles.
Do I have to do a Record Book?
We encourage all our 4-H youth to do a Record Book to record their project information and reflections, but 4-H Record Books are not required for membership or participation in 4-H activities such as club events, 4-H camps, or conferences.
A 4-H Record Book may be required to receive participation awards (such as star ranking, medals, or pins based on 4-H Record Book achievements). | msmarco_doc_00_26350377 |
http://4h.ucanr.edu/files/224697.pdf | Project Port Pillow for SFR
Project
Port
Pillow
for
SFR
Do
you
know
what
a
portacath
is?
How
can
4-H
help?
You
only
need
5
things:
Directions
for
Making
a
Port
Pillow
for
SFR
2016
| Project Port Pillow for SFR
Project
Port
Pillow
for
SFR
Do
you
know
what
a
portacath
is?
portacath
is
a
small
port
placed
beneath
the
skin
so
that
cancer
patients
can
get
their
chemotherapy.
It
is
often
uncomfortable
when
a
seatbelt
rubs
it.
Port
Pillow
attaches
onto
the
seatbelt
to
protect
the
port
from
being
irritated.
How
can
4-H
help?
By
using
our
hands
(&
sewing
skills)
to
help
our
community!
You
only
need
5
things:
Soft
material,
like
cotton
or
flannel
Polyester
Fiber
Fill
Thread
Velcro
Sewing
Machine
Once
you
have
completed
your
Port
Pillows,
find
a
local
organization
that
will
hand
them
out
for
you
and
email
us
with
how
many
you
made
and
where
you
donated
them.
Or
bring
them
to
State
Fashion
Revue
May
28,
2016.
Examples:
American
Cancer
Society,
Local
Cancer
Centers,
Links
for
Life
Explain
to
the
organization
what
a
Port
Pillow
is
and
how
it
works.
Thank
you!
Northwest.4H@bak.rr.com
Directions
for
Making
a
Port
Pillow
for
SFR
2016
=
right
side
of
fabric
=
wrong
side
of
fabric
2.
3.
Rectangle,
right
side
up.
Velcro
bottom
edge
of
the
fabric,
making
sure
that
the
opposite
sides
of
the
Velcro
come
together
and
stick
in
the
middle.
Fold
the
fabric
in
half
and
check
that
the
Velcro
is
stuck
together
properly.
Pin
2.5
of
the
open
sides,
leaving
half
of
a
side
open
to
turn
and
stuff.
4.
5.
6.
the
2
½
open
sides,
beginning
and
ending
with
a
back
stitch.
Cut
the
corners
at
a
diagonal.
7.
Turn
the
pillow
right
side
out,
making
sure
the
corners
are
all
out.
Stuff
the
pillow
with
fiber
fill
until
it
is
a
comforting
thickness.
Make
sure
to
get
the
stuffing
into
the
corners.
For
decoration,
sew
a
decorative
button
or
accessory
on
to
the
Velcro,
or
add
a
ribbon
and
a
caring
note
with
your
pillow.
Sew
the
opening
closed
either
by
hand
or
by
machine,
tucking
in
the
seams
and
sewing
well.
| msmarco_doc_00_26355543 | |
http://4h.ucanr.edu/files/263720.pdf | California 4-H Record Book Manual
California
4-H
Record
Book
Manual
Purpose
of
Record
Books
History
The
Purpose
of
the
4-H
Record
Book:
Positive
Youth
Development
Terms
General
Information
Your
Record
Book
is
YOURS…
Hours
of
Participation
Special
Accommodations
Questions?
Formatting
Instructions
Organization
Overview
Section
1:
Preliminary
Information
Section
2:
Personal
Development
Record
Section
4:
Projects*
Section
6:
Leadership
Development
Report
(Intermediate
and
Senior
Members
Only)
Section
7:
4-H
Resume
(Senior
Members
Only)
Are
you
a
Junior,
Intermediate,
or
Senior
Member?
Section
1:
Preliminary
Information
Title
Page
Section
2:
Personal
Development
Report
(PDR)
Example:
Additional
Space
Level
of
participation
Star
Ranks
Activities
Inside
and
Outside
of
4-H
Activities
from
the
Previous
Year
Personal
Development
Record
(PDR)
Categories
Examples:
| California 4-H Record Book Manual
California
4-H
Record
Book
Manual
For
Junior,
Intermediate
and
Senior
Members
2020
–
2021
This
is
the
most
current
Manual.
Please
discard
all
previous
manuals.
Purpose
of
Record
Books
History
The
California
4-H
Youth
Development
Program
(YDP)
has
a
long
history
of
record-keeping
as
an
activity
by
4-H
members.
To
move
youth
on
a
path
toward
thriving
within
their
communities,
the
4-H
Record
Book
goes
through
periodic
changes
to
meet
the
needs
of
youth
and
mission
of
4-H
YDP.
The
Purpose
of
the
4-H
Record
Book:
Reflect
on
your
yearly
work
by
documenting
your
skill
development,
learning
experiences
and
growth
in
4-H.
Set
goals,
pursue
strategies
to
meet
those
goals
and
shift
gears
in
the
face
of
challenges
and
obstacles.
Be
awarded
for
your
involvement
in
4-H
activities.
Earn
Star
Ranks.
Build
competency
through
creating
and
preserving
your
records.
Help
you
grow
through
continued
exposure
to
positive
experiences
that
support
your
development
of
the
6
Cs:
competence,
confidence,
character,
caring,
connection
and
contribution.
Positive
Youth
Development
Terms
The
California
4-H
Record
Book
incorporates
thriving
language.
Thriving
is
also
called
reaching
your
full
potential—and
that’s
what
4-H
is
all
about—helping
you
be
the
best
you!
Here
are
some
of
the
words
and
terms
you
will
see
that
you
may
want
to
know
more
about
while
completing
your
Record
Book:
Sparks
are
passions
and
skills
that
are
meaningful
and
motivating
to
you.
If
you
do
or
are
something
in
4-H
or
your
life
that
brings
you
great
joy
AND
you
use
that
thing
to
make
a
positive
difference
in
the
world—
then
that’s
your
Spark!
Growth
mindset.
The
effort
that
you
put
into
completing
the
Record
Book
helps
strengthen
the
connections
in
your
brain.
A
growth
mindset
includes
viewing
challenges
as
opportunities
to
learn
even
if
it
means
changing
or
not
reaching
a
goal
or
strategy.
GPS
goal
management
skills.
Throughout
the
4-H
Record
Book,
you
set
Goals,
Pursue
strategies
to
reach
those
goals
and
Shift
gears
in
the
face
of
challenges
or
obstacles.
The
6
Cs:
competence,
confidence,
character,
caring,
connection
and
contribution;
all
of
them
are
important
on
your
path
to
thriving.
Adult
Volunteers
are
adults
or
staff
members
who
have
been
appointed
as
leaders
of
a
particular
activity
or
group.
They
can
be
project
leaders,
community
club
leaders,
advisors,
etc.
When
a
form
asks
for
an
adult
volunteer
signature,
it
means
an
appointed
4-H
adult
who
may
or
may
not
be
a
parent
or
guardian.
General
Information
Your
Record
Book
is
YOURS…
4-H
Record
Books
must
be
completed
by
the
4-H
member
–
that
means
you!
This
includes
completing
forms,
writing
the
4-H
Story
and
other
records.
Adults
may
assist
by
guiding,
explaining
and
helping
to
compile
information
and
proofreading.
…And
it
Goes
Where
You
Go!
Personal
Development
Report
participation
and
star
ranks
transfer
from
one
California
county
to
other
counties.
Former
participation
in
other
states
can
be
counted
in
the
California
4-H
Record
Book
PDR
form
as
long
as
you
write
it
down.
Record
Books
are
OPTIONAL!
Record
Books
cannot
be
required
for
participation
in
4-H
activities
and
events.
They
also
cannot
be
required
for
you
to
be
elected
as
an
officer
or
other
leadership
roles.
A
4-H
Record
Book
or
parts
may
be
required
to
receive
participation
awards
(such
as
star
ranks,
medals
or
pins)
that
are
based
on
Record
Book
achievements.
Some
members
only
complete
the
Personal
Development
Report
to
keep
track
of
their
Star
Ranks.
Autographs,
please!
You’ll
need
to
get
signatures
on
some
forms
from
an
adult
volunteer
after
they
review
the
4-H
work
you
have
documented
in
your
Record
Book.
Review,
discussion
and
signatures
are
required
on
the
following
forms:
Where?
Who
Signs?
First
page
of
Personal
Development
Report
Youth
Member
and
Adult
Volunteer
Last
page
of
each
Annual
Project
Report
Youth
Member
and
Project
Leader
Part
1
(Post)
of
Leadership
Development
Report
Youth
Member
Part
2
(Pre)
and
Part
2
(Post)
of
Leadership
Development
Report
Youth
Member
and
Adult
Volunteer
Hours
of
Participation
You
will
be
asked
to
record
the
number
of
hours
spent
in
4-H
meetings,
activities,
events,
planning/organizing
and
other
4-H
activities
in
the
PDR
and
the
APR
forms.
Record
times
as
decimals
or
whole
numbers.
See
the
time
conversion
chart
below
to
help
change
minutes
to
decimal
hours.
Do
not
count
hours
you
are
not
spending
in
a
4-H
activity.
For
example,
do
not
count
hours
while
you
are
asleep
at
4-H
camp.
Special
Accommodations
The
core
values
of
the
California
4-H
Youth
Development
Program
state
that
we
“appreciate,
respect
and
value
diversity
through
a
commitment
to
inclusion
of
diverse
Californians.”
If
you
cannot
complete
your
Record
Book
in
the
standard
format,
4-H
is
more
than
happy
to
accommodate
you.
Accommodations
are
made
on
a
case-by-case
basis.
Speak
with
your
UCCE
County
Community
Education
Specialist
to
make
a
request.
Questions?
If
you
have
questions
while
completing
your
Record
Book,
ask
an
Adult
Volunteer
in
your
club
or
county
to
help
you.
This
Record
Book
Manual
is
designed
for
members
and
more
information
can
be
found
in
the
4-H
Record
Book
Guide
for
Adult
Volunteers
as
well
as
on
the
State
4-H
website.
Formatting
Instructions
If
you
plan
to
submit
your
Record
Book
to
any
competition,
you
must
follow
these
guidelines
to
receive
the
maximum
points
for
this
section.
We
highly
recommend
that
you
use
a
computer
to
complete
your
Record
Book
forms.
However,
handwritten
forms
are
acceptable.
Paper:
8
½
inch
x
11
inch
plain
white
copier
paper
for
most
sections.
The
Title
Page
may
be
any
color
or
special
paper
and
still
must
be
8
½
inch
x
11
inch.
Double-sided
is
okay.
Photo
quality
paper
is
okay
only
on
pages
with
photographs
in
the
Collection
of
Work
and/or
Expression
Pages.
Margins:
Left
margin
between
1
inch
and
1½
inch.
All
other
margins
(top,
bottom,
and
right)
should
be
between
½
inch
and
1
inch.
If
used,
headers,
footers
should
be
inside
these
margins.
Page
numbers
can
be
outside
the
margins.
Typeface:
Typed
or
handwritten
in
black
ink.
Color
may
be
used
on
the
Cover,
Table
of
Contents,
Expression
Pages
and
the
Collection
of
Work.
If
handwritten,
text
must
be
written
legibly.
If
typed,
no
less
than
11
point
in
an
easy
to
read
font.
Font
size
may
differ
for
headings
and
emphasis
in
text.
Divide
and
Label
Sections:
Use
tabs
and
divider
pages
to
separate
sections
and
improve
overall
organization.
Colored
paper
may
be
used
as
section
dividers.
Graphics:
Graphics,
pictures
and
drawings
may
only
be
included
on
the
Title
Page,
Table
of
Contents,
Expression
Pages
and
the
Collection
of
Work.
Number
the
Pages:
Use
a
logical
system
that
matches
your
Table
of
Contents
to
number
the
pages
of
your
Record
Book.
Hand
numbering
is
acceptable
due
to
the
significant
number
of
inserted
pages.
Numbering
using
printed
stickers
is
okay.
Folder
or
Binder:
Use
an
Acco
fastener
folder
or
3-ring
binder,
not
more
than
1”
wide.
Acco
Record
Book
Covers
may
be
purchased
from
the
Shop
4-H.
Other:
Do
not
exceed
the
page
limits
for
each
section.
Do
not
use
plastic
page
covers
or
laminate
any
pages.
ANOTHER
LOOK
AT
PAGE
GUIDELINES
Organization
Overview
California
4-H
Record
Book
contains
the
following
items.
Section
1:
Preliminary
Information
Title
Page
Table
of
Contents
Section
2:
Personal
Development
Record
Complete
one
Personal
Development
Report
(PDR)
form
each
year.
Section
3:
My
4-H
Story
Section
4:
Projects*
One
Annual
Project
Report
(APR)
form
for
every
project
you
have
completed.
One
expression
page
for
every
project.
Section
5:
Collection
of
4-H
Work
Section
6:
Leadership
Development
Report
(Intermediate
and
Senior
Members
Only)
Complete
one
Leadership
Development
Report
(LDR)
Part
1(Pre)
and
Part
1(Post)
per
year.
Complete
one
Leadership
Development
Report
(LDR)
Part
2(Pre)
and
2(Post)
per
leadership
role,
per
year.
Section
7:
4-H
Resume
(Senior
Members
Only)
Senior
members
create
a
4-H
Resume
that
highlights
their
skills,
leadership
and
civic
engagement
development
throughout
their
4-H
career.
Note
about
previous
year’s
records:
All
of
your
previous
years
records
can
be
inserted
at
the
back
of
the
current
year’s
book,
in
reverse
chronological
order
(that
means
by
year
and
the
year
you
started
is
in
the
back
and
you
work
forward
to
the
current
year
in
the
front)
or
you
can
have
a
separate
book
for
each
year—the
option
is
up
to
you.
Some
county
competitions
want
to
see
all
of
your
previous
records—so
be
sure
to
find
out
what
your
county
wants
before
you
compete.
Sending
to
State
Competition?
Only
submit
the
current
year’s
records—don’t
send
any
previous
year’s
records.
The
last
section
will
be
Section
7:
4-H
Resume,
there
shouldn’t
be
anything
behind
that.
Are
you
a
Junior,
Intermediate,
or
Senior
Member?
Ages
9
through
10
Ages
11
through
13
Ages
14
through
19
Junior
Member
Intermediate
Member
Senior
Member
*You
must
complete
at
least
one
Annual
Project
Report
(APR)
form
to
receive
a
year
stripe
and
pin.
Section
1:
Preliminary
Information
Title
Page
title
page
includes
your
full
name,
4-H
Club,
your
county
and
the
program
year.
The
title
page
may
be
a
color
other
than
white
paper,
use
graphics,
photos
and
larger
text.
The
title
page
must
not
exceed
one
standard
page.
Table
of
Contents
table
of
contents
lists
the
order
of
the
4-H
Record
Book
sections.
Include
the
titles
of
the
section
headers
and
page
numbers.
A
4-H
Record
Book
is
organized
into
the
following
sections.
Section
1:
Personal
Development
Report……………………….………………
page
numbers
Section
2:
My
4-H
Story…………………………………………………………...
page
numbers
Section
3:
Annual
Projects..…………………….…………………………...……
page
numbers
(This
section
includes
Annual
Project
Reports
and
Expression
Pages.
Each
project
may
have
its
own
subsection
or
all
of
the
projects
may
be
contained
within
one
section)
Section
4:
Collection
of
4-H
Work…………………………….………………….
page
numbers
Section
5:
Leadership
Development
Reports(s)………………………………..
page
numbers
(Intermediate
and
Senior
Members
Only)
Section
6:
4-H
Resume……….…………………………………………………..
page
numbers
(Senior
Members
Only)
“Strive
for
excellence,
not
perfection.”
~
H.
Jackson
Brown
Jr.
Section
2:
Personal
Development
Report
(PDR)
Record
participation
and
activities
both
inside
and
outside
of
4-H
for
the
current
program
year.
When
you
attend
a
4-H
event,
both
virtually
and
in-person,
record
it
as
a
4-H
Event
Attended.
If
you
did
something
at
that
event
that
meets
the
requirements
in
another
area(s),
you
can
record
that
as
well,
BUT
that
activity
can
only
be
counted
in
one
category—it’s
your
choice.
Record
activities
in
the
most
appropriate
or
needed
category
for
Star
Ranks.
Example:
State
Field
Day—Event
Attended
At
Field
Day
you
gave
a
presentation
on
how
to
create
a
service-learning
project.
You
could
count
this
presentation
as
a
Communication
Skill.
If
you
won
a
gold
seal/medal
for
your
presentation,
you
would
list
that
award
in
Honors
and
Recognition.
Additional
Space
You
may
add
pages
or
lines
to
each
category
as
needed.
Level
of
participation
In
categories
2
through
8,
identify
your
level
of
participation
in
each
activity.
The
levels
are:
I
=
Individual,
L
=
Local
Club/Unit/Project,
C
=
County,
M
=
Multi-county,
S
=
State,
N
=
National/Multi-State,
G
=
Global
Star
Ranks
Star
ranks
are
designed
to
encourage
you
to
participate
in
a
wide
variety
of
activities
and
to
provide
you
with
an
opportunity
to
set
(and
reach!)
your
goals.
Each
category
lists
the
Star
Rank
requirement.
On
the
first
page
of
the
PDR,
the
second
box
asks
you
to
list
your
club
meeting
attendance
for
the
year.
If
you
are
in
a
SPIN
club,
your
project
meetings
also
count
as
your
club
meetings
–
so
your
club
meeting
attendance
(on
the
first
page)
and
project
meeting
attendance
(on
the
third
page)
will
be
the
same.
Activities
Inside
and
Outside
of
4-H
You
may
record
up
to
two
significant
activities
outside
of
4-H
in
categories
2,
4,
5,
6
and
7.
Category
8
may
ONLY
include
activities
outside
of
4-H.
All
activities
must
meet
the
instructions
and
guidelines
for
each
category.
Activities
from
the
Previous
Year
If
you
have
not
recorded
an
activity
or
event
from
a
previous
program
year,
you
may
record
it
on
the
current
year’s
PDR.
You
must
have
proof
of
participation
and
the
approval
of
an
adult
volunteer.
Record
all
information
as
you
would
for
activities
and
events
of
the
current
year
(date,
activity,
location,
and
level).
Personal
Development
Record
(PDR)
Categories
Projects
Completed
Record
the
projects
you
have
completed.
Complete
a
minimum
of
six
hours
of
project
instruction
or
more
as
required
by
the
project
leader.
Instruction
can
be
virtual
or
in-person.
If
you
are
participating
in
a
training
related
to
your
project
and
you
want
to
count
it
toward
your
project
completion,
get
permission
from
your
project
leader
first.
During
the
current
year,
80%
average
attendance
across
all
projects
is
required
to
receive
an
achievement
rank.
Project
Skill
Activities
Record
events
or
activities
that
demonstrate
your
knowledge
to
an
audience
or
judge.
Activities
may
be
recorded
even
if
you
are
not
enrolled
in
the
corresponding
project
–
as
long
as
the
skills
are
related
to
a
4-H
project.
Exhibits:
Record
exhibition
entries
such
as
animals,
foods,
crafts
or
other
items.
You
may
receive
multiple
credits
for
the
same
exhibit
presented
before
a
new
audience
at
a
different
event.
Judged
Exhibits:
Each
entry
or
collection
of
entries
related
to
one
project
counts
as
one
credit.
For
livestock,
each
species
and
project
shown
counts
as
one
credit.
All
foods
entries
count
as
one
credit,
all
photography
entries
count
as
one
credit,
all
market
chicken
entries
and
all
show
chicken
entries
each
count
as
one
credit.
Examples:
Fair
entries,
Fashion
Revue,
State
Photography
Competition,
educational
displays
(if
judged).
Non-Judged
Exhibits:
Each
show
or
event
counts
as
one
credit
regardless
of
the
number
of
items
exhibited.
Examples:
Parents’
Night,
National
4-H
Week
exhibit,
public
building
display.
Showmanship:
Record
each
time
you
compete
in
a
showmanship
competition
as
a
4-H
member.
Each
individual
showmanship
competition
may
be
counted
separately.
Knowledge
Contests:
Record
participation
in
4-H
knowledge
bowls,
contests
or
other
activities
that
test
your
knowledge.
Examples:
Horse
bowl,
Avian
bowl,
Horticulture
Contest,
Champion
Challenge.
Judging
Contest:
Record
participation
in
any
organized
4-H
judging
contest
where
you
are
judged
by
a
set
of
standards
on
how
well
you
judged.
Examples:
Livestock
Judging
Day,
Field
Day
Judging
Contests.
Project
Skill
Activities
Outside
4-H:
Record
participation
at
shows,
competitions
and
contests
that
relate
to
a
4-H
project
skill
but
are
NOT
strictly
4-H
events
or
do
not
have
4-H
classes.
Examples:
Pacific
Poultry
Breeders
Association
Show,
ARBA
National
Convention,
AKC
Dog
Show,
Quilting
Conference
(QuiltCon).
You
may
not
participate
as
a
4-H
member
or
record
activities
in
jackpot
or
prospector
shows
that
do
not
comply
with
4-H
Policy.
Events
that
do
not
comply
with
4-H
Policy
may
not
be
recorded
in
the
Record
Book
at
all.
3.
Events
Attended
Record
4-H
virtual
and
in-person
events
that
you
attend
during
the
year.
Count
any
4-H
event
that
you
attend
outside
of
regular
club
and
project
meetings.
Be
sure
to
get
permission
from
your
club
or
project
leader(s)
for
virtual
events
that
you
attend
that
could
count
for
4-H
learning.
Multiple
day
events,
such
as
County
Fair
and
Conferences
count
as
one
event.
Examples:
California
Focus
Fashion
Revue
Club
Holiday
Dinner
Field
Days
Achievement
Night
Officer
Training
Fundraisers
Livestock
Clinics
Equine
Play
Days
Leadership
Conference
You
may
receive
credit
for
attending
the
event
as
well
as
completing
an
activity
that
fits
in
another
category.
Example:
Attending
County
4-H
Presentation
Day
is
counted
in
category
3
(Events
Attended)
and
presenting
a
demonstration
is
counted
in
category
6
(Communication
Skills).
Note
about
Fairs:
If
the
fair
you
attend
has
a
4-H/FFA
class,
you
can
enter
it
as
a
4-H
Event
Attended,
even
if
the
fair
is
not
operated
by
4-H.
Shows
and
contests
that
are
neither
operated
by
4-H
nor
consisting
of
4-H
showing
divisions/classes
are
NOT
considered
4-H
events.
If
the
show
or
contest
relates
to
a
4-H
project
skill,
it
may
be
included
in
category
2
as
a
“Project
Skill
Activity
Outside
4-H.”
4.
Leadership
Development
Record
each
project
that
you
lead
and
each
leadership
position
you
hold
at
the
club,
county,
sectional,
state
and/or
national
levels.
The
duties
you
perform
in
leadership
roles
are
considered
part
of
the
position
and
cannot
be
counted
as
separate
activities
for
any
category
on
the
PDR—for
example,
if
you
have
to
give
a
report
as
a
Club
Officer,
you
cannot
count
your
report
as
a
Communication
Skill
because
this
reporting
is
part
of
your
job
as
an
officer.
Committee
Chair
or
Member:
Record
the
committee
where
you
served.
Examples:
Club
phone
tree,
Field
Day
Set
up
committee,
4-H
Parents’
Night
Decorations
committee,
County
Presentation
Day
Judges
Refreshment
committee.
Junior
Leader:
If
you
are
younger
than
11
and
not
yet
an
intermediate
member,
count
your
project
leadership
in
the
PDR.
Lead
a
4-H
Group
Activity:
An
activity
can
be
planned
ahead
or
it
can
be
spontaneous*,
usually
on
a
one-time
basis,
to
benefit
4-H
members,
volunteers
or
the
community.
As
long
as
you
took
the
lead
to
make
it
happen,
you
can
count
it.
*Spontaneous
means
that
you
didn’t
prepare
anything,
but
you
responded
to
lead,
in
the
moment
that
something
happened,
that
required
knowledge
and
leadership
skills
to
solve
the
situation.
Leadership
Outside
of
4-H:
You
may
count
two
of
your
most
significant
leadership
roles
outside
of
4-H
and
record
them
in
this
category.
Examples:
Student
Body
President,
School
Math
Tutor,
Youth
Group
Leader
Significant
4-H
Leadership
Roles
for
Intermediate
and
Senior
Members
To
meet
the
Star
Rank
criteria
for
gold
and
platinum
stars,
you
must
hold
significant
4-H
leadership
roles
that
require
20
hours
or
more
of
leadership
contribution.
Count
all
of
your
training,
meeting,
planning
and
research
hours
as
well
as
the
hours
spent
leading
toward
this
requirement.
You
must
complete
the
Leadership
Development
Report
form
to
receive
credit
for
these
roles.
See
next
page
for
examples
of
Significant
Leadership
Roles.
Examples
of
Significant
4-H
Leadership
Roles
for
Intermediate
and
Senior
Members:
Enrolled
in
a
4-H
Leadership
Development
Project,
County
Ambassador,
Junior
or
Teen
Leader,
Club
Officer,
Camp
Counselor,
Exchange
Program,
State
Ambassador,
Youth
Board
Member,
Youth
Key
Leader
Junior
members
may
earn
Significant
Leadership
credits
if
these
conditions
are
met:
You
are
a
Club
Officer
You
already
have
earned
a
Silver
or
Gold
Star
and
you
are
working
on
either
Gold
or
Platinum
Star
You
and
your
adult
volunteer
believe
you
understand
all
of
the
questions
in
the
LDR
and
you
believe
that
you
can
learn
something
by
completing
them.
5.
Civic
Engagement
and
Community
Service
Record
your
active
participation
in
a
planned,
publicized
and
approved
civic
engagement,
service
learning
or
community
service
activity.
Credits
are
counted
by
event
attended,
not
separate
activities
at
that
event.
If
an
event
or
activity
is
recurring,
separately
count
your
participation
in
each
one.
Example:
Record
each
monthly
visit
to
a
convalescent
home.
Do
not
count
fundraising
activities
for
personal
benefit
under
Civic
Engagement/Community
Service.
This
includes
fundraising
activities
that
support
group
attendance
at
county,
sectional,
state
or
national
4-H
events.
You
may
record
this
activity
under
category
3
(Events
Attended).
Community
Service
Project:
Record
events
and
activities
that
serve
the
common
good
in
the
interest
of
the
community
or
members
of
the
community.
Examples:
Canned
food
drive,
beach
cleanup,
clothes
drive,
convalescent
home
visit.
Service
Learning
Project:
Service
learning
combines
service
and
education
to
address
a
recognized
need
in
the
community.
It
involves
collaboration
with
others
and
includes
a
time
for
reflection
on
the
experience.
See
the
state
4-H
website
for
more
information
on
how
to
conduct
service
learning
events.
You
can
receive
two
(2)
credits
for
Service
Learning
Projects.
Make
one
entry
for
Service
Learning
Project
Learning
and
Planning
and
one
entry
for
the
Service
Learning
Project
Event—that’s
when
you
actually
do
what
you
planned.
Examples:
Learning
about
water
issues
and
painting
storm
drain
signs;
learning
about
persons
with
disabilities
and
designing
a
help
aid
to
meet
an
identified
need.
Civic
Engagement
and
Civic
Affairs:
Record
events
and
activities
in
which
you
are
engaging
in
one
or
both
of
the
following
categories
as
a
part
of
your
4-H
experiences:
Civic
Engagement
Advocacy,
activism
and
discussion
on
civic
issues
with
informed
decision
making.
Civic
Education
Government
principles,
processes
and
structures;
personal
roles
and
responsibilities;
history
and
cultural
heritage;
global
understanding
Examples:
attending
Citizenship
Washington
Focus
or
California
Focus,
volunteering
at
a
voter
registration,
completing
a
Safe
Space
training.
Civic
Engagement
and
Community
Service
Outside
of
4-H:
Count
two
significant
civic
engagement
or
community
service
roles
and
record
them
here.
Examples:
School
clothing
drive
for
disaster
victims,
donating
at
a
blood
drive.
6.
Communication
Skills
Record
communication
activities
that
you
participate
in
at
any
event
inside
or
outside
4-H.
Do
not
include
thank
you
letters
as
communication
activities.
4-H
Presentations:
To
be
counted
as
a
presentation,
you
must
meet
the
requirements
in
the
State
4-H
Presentation
Manual.
Any
time
you
speak
to
a
new
audience
at
a
new
event,
record
it
(repeating
at
the
same
event
or
practicing
your
presentation
does
not
count).
Prepared
Talk:
Any
time
you
prepare
(in
advance
of
the
event
or
activity)
a
report
or
talk,
record
this
here.
Officer
reports
or
committee
reports
are
considered
part
of
your
role
and
are
not
counted.
Radio
and
Television
Appearances:
When
you
appear
as
a
guest
representing
4-H
before
a
radio
or
television
audience,
record
it
here.
You
must
be
actively
involved
in
the
interview
or
presentation.
Newspaper
Articles:
Record
the
number
of
articles
that
you
write
and
submit
to
local/school
papers,
4-H
newsletters
and
4-H
websites.
If
the
article
was
not
published,
you
may
receive
credit
if
it
is
submitted
and
approved
by
your
adult
volunteer.
This
does
not
include
articles
that
are
written
about
you—regardless
of
who
the
author
is.
Letters:
Record
letters
that
you
crafted
to
teach
others
about
4-H
and/or
persuade
community
members
to
participate
in
a
4-H
event.
If
you
wrote
one
letter
and
sent
it
to
multiple
recipients,
it
still
counts
as
one
credit.
Do
not
include
thank
you
letters.
Examples:
letters
to
potential
buyers,
letters
to
city
council
or
other
government
representatives.
Judge:
Served
as
a
Judge
for
a
4-H
activity
or
contest.
Representing
4-H:
Record
events
or
activities
where
you
represented
4-H
to
outside
groups
or
community
audiences
(non
4-H).
You
must
be
identified
as
a
4-H
member.
Examples:
Speak
about
4-H
at
a
school
assembly,
host
an
information
booth
about
4-H
at
community
event
On-Line
Communication:
Record
activities
where
you
created
a
4-H
website,
moderated
a
4-H
email
list,
or
created
a
4-H
social
networking
page.
Examples:
Facebook,
Twitter,
blogs
or
other
social
media
platforms
that
you
created
and
moderated
on
a
regular
basis.
“Liking”
or
commenting
on
a
post
does
not
count.
Communication
Outside
of
4-H:
Select
up
to
two
significant
communication
activities
outside
of
4-H
and
record
them
in
this
category.
Examples:
give
a
presentation
at
a
school
science
fair,
create
and
manage
a
personal
blog,
appear
as
a
guest
on
a
radio
show
about
an
upcoming
performance
that
you
are
in.
7.
Honors
and
Recognition
Record
all
high
honors
and
recognition
you
have
earned!
Other
project-specific
honors
and
recognition
like
seals
and
ribbons
go
in
your
Annual
Project
Report.
You
can
record
high
honors
and
recognition
if
it
is
very
big
deal
to
you.
You
don’t
have
to
get
the
top
award
to
record
it
here.
If
you
are
very,
very,
very
proud
of
an
award
or
honor,
record
it!
Think
about
it
like
this:
Last
year
you
placed
15th
in
the
contest
you
entered
and
this
year
you
placed
3rd.
That’s
a
big
jump
and
you
should
be
very,
very,
very
proud
of
that—and
you
should
record
it
here.
If
you
don’t
know
how
to
decide
if
an
honor
or
award
should
be
recorded,
ask
a
parent
or
another
adult
to
help
you
reflect
on
how
you
have
grown
to
achieve
that
award.
Examples
(names
and
titles
may
vary):
Grand
Champion
o
Record
Book
Winner
or
Medalist
Reserve
Grand
Champion
o
Gold
and
Platinum
Presentation
Day
100%
Club
Attendance
winners
County
Ambassador/All
Star
o
State
Ambassador
Diamond
Clover
Award
o
Star
Ranks
Emerald
Star
o
Golden
Clover
Award
Fashion
Revue
winner
o
Food
Fair
winner
In
standard-based
(Danish)
4-H
competitions:
Blue
ribbons
or
gold
seals
in
any
judged
contest.
Example:
A
blue
ribbon
or
gold/platinum
seal
may
be
counted
if
it
is
the
highest
placement
in
a
judged
contest
where
gold,
blue,
red
and
white
ribbons/seals
are
awarded.
Additionally,
if
there
is
a
Best
of
Show
in
that
contest,
it
may
also
be
counted.
In
peer-to-peer
(American)
4-H
competition:
The
1st
or
2nd
place
of
a
division,
1st
and
2nd
place
overall,
Grand
and
Reserve
Grand
Champion
may
all
be
counted.
Examples:
1st
or
2nd
place
Showmanship;
1st
or
2nd
place
market
class
Best
of:
Breed,
Class,
Division,
or
Show
Director’s
Award
Honors
and
Recognitions
Outside
of
4-H:
Select
two
significant
recognitions
outside
of
4-H
and
record
them
here.
Examples:
Student
of
the
Year
Champion
Sports
team
Eagle
Scout
Honor
Roll
Musicianship
Award
8.
Healthy
Lifestyle
Activities
Record
participation
in
organized
group
activities
related
to
a
healthy
lifestyle
outside
of
the
4-H
program.
The
idea
of
this
section
is
to
show
that
you
use
your
free
time
actively
engaged
in
healthy
leisure.
This
shows
you
are
a
person
who
is
connected
to
your
community.
Each
organization,
group,
activity
or
sport
counts
as
one
credit
per
25
hours
of
active
participation,
and
can
be
counted
per
quarter,
up
to
four
times
per
year.
If
you
did
not
complete
at
least
25
hours
of
active
participation,
that
activity
cannot
be
counted.
Examples:
Faith-based
youth
group
Employment
Music
lessons
Organization
meetings
and
active
participation
School
or
community
camp
(4-H
camp
is
recorded
in
category
3
“Events
Attended”)
Sports
teams
Extracurricular
activities
related
to
school
work,
such
as
choir
performances,
tutoring,
etc.
You
can
list
the
same
sport,
music
instrument,
etc.,
multiple
times
as
long
as
the
dates
entered
cover
a
period
of
time
and
you
have
participated
at
least
25
hours
to
receive
each
credit.
Examples:
If
you
play
an
instrument
and
participate
in
several
performing
groups,
you
may
list
each
group
separately
as
long
as
each
group
requires
at
least
25
hours
of
practice
and
performance
time.
Sarah
plays
the
cello
in
the
school
orchestra,
the
pit
orchestra
for
the
school
musical,
community
orchestra
and
a
chamber
group.
Each
group
meets
at
least
weekly
and
they
have
devoted
25
hours
to
each
group.
They
may
list
all
four
groups
as
separate
credits
for
Healthy
Lifestyle
Activities.
If
you
play
a
sport
year-round
and
devote
at
least
25
hours
per
“quarter”
(or
3
months)
of
the
program
year,
you
may
list
it
up
to
four
times
per
program
year.
Armando
plays
soccer
year-round
and
practices
for
25
hours
per
season.
They
can
list
soccer
as
a
Healthy
Lifestyle
Activity
up
to
four
times
(one
for
each
season)
in
this
section
and
receive
four
credits.
These
activities
are
not
counted:
Family
vacations
Academic
work
during
school
hours
and
homework
(homeschool
or
traditional
school)
Care
for
your
pets
or
livestock
Spectator
activities
(watching
a
play,
observing
a
faith-based
ceremony
or
gathering)
Events/activities
that
are
not
consistent
with
4-H
policy
“Children
are
our
most
valuable
natural
resource.”
~
Herbert
Hoover
Section
3:
My
4-H
Story
Instructions
Your
4-H
story
is
an
opportunity
to
reflect
on
your
4-H
experiences
that
focuses
on
the
current
4-H
year.
Your
story
can
be
printed
on
both
sides
and
should
meet
these
minimum
word
counts.
Do
not
write
more
than
2000
words.
Junior
(or
first
year
member):
250
–
500
words
Intermediate:
500
–
1000
words
Senior:
1000
–
2000
words
Follow
these
formatting
guidelines:
Double
space.
Print
single
OR
double
sided,
you
choose.
Use
an
easy-to-read
font
such
as
Times
New
Roman
or
Garamond.
Keep
the
text
size
between
12
point
and
14
point.
The
following
may
help
in
developing
your
story:
Pick
a
theme
and
build
the
story
around
that
theme
so
the
story
flows
naturally.
If
you
are
having
trouble
developing
a
theme,
you
may
use
the
following
questions
to
help
think
about
what
to
say.
Part
1
-
About
You
What
might
be
one
of
your
Sparks:
What
are
your
plans
for
the
future?
interests
or
passions?
Part
2
–
4-H
Projects
and
Activities
What
goals
did
you
set
in
your
projects
and
which
ones
did
you
reach?
What
would
you
do
differently
if
you
were
to
try
it
again?
What
skills
have
you
learned
in
4-H?
How
have
you
handled
financing
your
projects,
if
needed?
Who
was
especially
helpful
to
you?
How?
Part
3
–
Leadership
and
Civic
Engagement
How
has
4-H
helped
you
become
a
better
leader
and
citizen?
What
types
of
civic
engagement
projects
or
leadership
roles
have
you
been
involved
in?
How
did
you
work
with
others
to
contribute
to
your
community
or
your
school?
What
have
you
learned
from
working
with
other
4-H'ers
through
your
leadership
positions?
Part
4
–
4-H’s
Impact
on
You
What
kinds
of
relationships
have
you
had
with
your
4-H
leaders?
How
has
your
4-H
participation
changed
how
you
feel
about
yourself?
How
has
your
participation
influenced
your
school
and
career
goals?
What
has
being
a
4-H
member
meant
to
you?
How
has
4-H
helped
you
identify
your
Spark?
Section
4:
Annual
Project
Report
(APR)
Instructions
Projects
are
all
about
learning
new
things
and
teaching
others.
Each
year
you
will
participate
in
at
least
one
project.
A
minimum
of
six
hours
of
project
instruction
or
more,
as
required
by
the
project
leader,
must
be
completed.
Completing
this
Section
This
section
is
used
to
document
your
specific
project
experiences
Place
items
in
the
following
order
for
each
separate
project:
Annual
Project
Report
(APR)
form
for
every
project
you
have
completed.
Expression
page
for
that
project,
behind
the
APR.
Section
4:
Annual
Project
Report
Form
In
the
Learning
Experiences
box,
record
every
project-related
activity
or
event
where
you
learned
something
new
or
developed
a
skill
related
to
the
project.
Write
about
what
you
did,
where
you
did
it
and
what
you
learned
or
the
skill
you
practiced.
Be
sure
to
list
the
hours
of
work
you
dedicated
to
that
event
or
activity.
In
the
second,
third
and
fourth
tables
in
the
APR:
List
things
raised,
grown
or
improved,
honors
and
awards,
civic
engagement
and
leadership
activities
and
keep
track
of
your
expenses
and
income
related
to
that
project.
To
find
the
value
of
something
you
made,
you
might
ask
an
adult
volunteer
to
help
you
do
some
research
to
find
a
similar
item.
You
may
not
participate
as
a
4-H
member
in
jackpot
or
prospector
shows
that
do
not
comply
with
4-H
Policy.
Participation
in
these
shows
should
NOT
be
recorded
as
a
4-H
experience
or
as
an
“Outside
4-H”
experience.
Events
that
do
not
comply
with
4-H
Policy
may
not
be
recorded
in
the
Record
Book
at
all.
Each
Annual
Project
Report
form
completed
and
signed
by
the
Project
Leader
counts
as
a
separate
project
on
the
PDR
under
category
1
(Projects
Completed).
If
you
are
a
Junior
or
Teen
Leader:
And
you
are
enrolled
in
that
project,
you
will
complete
an
APR
and
LDR
(see
page
20)
for
that
project.
And
you
are
not
enrolled
in
that
project,
you
will
not
complete
an
APR,
but
you
will
complete
an
LDR
for
that
project.
Expression
Page
(Not
to
be
confused
with
the
Collection
of
Work)
Include
one
Expression
page
for
each
Annual
Project
Report.
The
Expression
page
must:
Teach
the
reader
something
that
you
learned
which
was
interesting
to
you
How
you
build
your
Spark(s)
through
this
project
The
use
of
photos,
drawings,
graphics
and/or
written
story
should
demonstrate
something
that
you
learned,
which
was
interesting
to
you,
that
you
are
now
teaching
the
reader.
The
design
should
be
age
appropriate
and
creative.
Page
must
be
one
side
of
an
8
½”
x
11”
piece
of
paper.
You
may
draw,
write,
use
graphic
design
elements,
or
other
creative
elements,
etc.
The
Expression
Pages
are
not
to
be
used
to
expand
the
Collection
of
Work.
Section
5:
Collection
of
4-H
Work
Your
Collection
of
4-H
Work
supports
the
other
sections
of
your
Record
Book.
It
is
an
opportunity
for
you
to
display
what
you
have
done
and
learned
throughout
the
year
through
photos,
samples
and
examples.
If
you
listed
something
in
your
PDR
or
APR,
this
is
a
good
place
to
show
an
example
of
that.
The
Collection
of
4-H
Work
should
not
be
more
than
11+
pages
and
follow
the
standard
formatting
and
paper
guidelines
except
as
noted
below.
You
can
have
a
few
more
than
11
pages,
if
one
brochure
or
one
letter
is
more
than
one
page.
The
following
items
may
be
included.
Items
may
be
compiled
in
any
order
and
must
represent
the
current
4-H
year.
Newspaper
or
Newsletter
Articles
2
pages
maximum
Limited
to
two
pages,
each
side
counts
as
a
page.
Newspaper
or
newsletter
articles
must
be
written
by
you
or
can
be
about
you.
If
an
article
is
about
you,
you
can’t
get
Communication
credits
for
it,
but
it’s
nice
to
put
them
in
this
section.
Articles
may
not
be
shingled—that
means
not
stacked
on
top
of
each
other.
It’s
best
to
make
a
photocopy
of
a
newspaper
article
and
put
the
whole
sheet
of
paper
in
the
Record
Book.
Digital
copies
or
printouts
from
on-line
sources
are
acceptable.
List
source
and
date.
Flyers
or
Brochures
2
maximum
Limited
to
two
brochures
or
flyers,
single
or
double
sided.
Flyers
or
brochures
must
feature
you
or
must
have
been
created
by
you.
Brochures
may
be
attached
to
a
standard
sheet
of
paper
or
hole-punched
and
inserted.
Do
not
use
plastic
sheet
covers.
Letters
or
Certificates
2
maximum
Limited
to
two
letters
and/or
certificates.
Letters
may
either
be
written
by
you
or
about
you.
Certificates
must
have
been
presented
to
you
in
the
current
year.
Photographs
5
pages
maximum
Limited
to
five
pages,
each
side
counts
as
a
page
Photographs
should
show
project
work,
leadership
and
civic
engagement
activities.
They
should
demonstrate
your
Spark(s).
Captions
for
each
photo
should
explain
what
is
taking
place
in
the
photograph
and
indicating
when
and
where
the
photograph
was
taken.
Space
used
for
captions
counts
as
part
of
the
five
pages.
Pictures
may
not
be
shingled—not
stacked
on
top
of
each
other.
They
must
be
firmly
attached
to
the
page
(no
“flip-ups”).
Digital
or
computerized
photos
are
acceptable.
You
may
use
photo
quality
paper.
Total:
11+
pages
maximum
Section
6:
Leadership
Development
Report
(LDR)
Instructions
(Intermediate
and
Senior
Members
Only)
This
Report
is
completed
by
intermediate
and
senior
members
only.
You
can
learn
valuable
leadership
skills
in
the
4-H
program
by
participating
in
many
leadership
activities
and
in
different
roles.
Work
collaboratively
with
your
adult
volunteers
to
set
goals,
develop
lesson
plans,
teach
skills
and
evaluate
the
activity
or
project.
Coordinate
details
such
as
meeting
times,
locations,
materials
and
supplies
and
expenses
with
the
adult
volunteer.
Communicate
with
the
adult
volunteer
and
members
about
group
expectations,
responsibilities
and
expected
outcomes.
Keep
track
of
your
hours
in
a
calendar,
notebook
or
journal.
It
is
okay
if
it
takes
more
than
one
year
to
complete
the
20
hours—you
just
have
to
complete
20
hours
in
the
same
role
for
it
to
count
in
this
category.
Complete
Part
1
Pre
and
Post
in
the
year
when
you
start
your
role
and
complete
Part
2
Pre
and
Post
in
the
year
that
you
finish.
This
form
has
two
parts
and
each
part
has
beginning
of
the
year
and
end
of
the
year
components
(Pre
and
Post).
Part
1
(Pre):
At
the
beginning
of
the
year,
explain
all
of
your
leadership
roles
and
why
they
are
important
to
you.
Set
personal
leadership
goals
to
be
accomplished
by
the
end
of
the
program
year.
Part
1
(Post):
At
the
end
of
the
year,
reflect
on
how
your
experiences
throughout
the
year
contributed
to
your
development
as
a
leader.
Part
2:
Complete
one
set
(Pre
and
Post)
per
leadership
role.
Explain
how
the
goals
set
in
Part
1
(Pre)
will
be
accomplished
and
are
relevant
to
each
leadership
role.
Complete
Part
2
(Pre)
at
the
beginning
of
the
program
year
Complete
Part
2
(Post)
at
the
end
of
the
program
year
Example:
If
you
are
a
Junior
Leader
and
you
are
the
Secretary
of
your
club
at
the
beginning
of
the
year,
you
will
complete:
Part
1
(Pre)
once
for
everything
Part
2
(Pre)
one
for
your
Junior
Leader
role
and
one
for
your
Secretary
role
At
the
end
of
the
year,
you
will
complete:
Part
1
(Post)
for
everything
Part
2
(Post)
one
for
your
Junior
Leader
role
and
one
for
your
Secretary
role
To
meet
the
Star
Rank
criteria
for
gold
and
platinum
stars,
you
must
hold
significant
leadership
roles
that
require
20
hours
or
more
of
leadership
contribution.
Count
all
of
your
trainings,
meeting,
planning
and
research
hours
as
well
as
the
hours
spent
leading
the
activity
or
event.
You
must
complete
the
Leadership
Development
Report
form
to
receive
credit
for
these
roles.
Each
“Part
2,
including
both
Pre
and
Post”
of
the
Leadership
Development
Report
form
completed
and
signed
by
an
Adult
Volunteer,
counts
as
a
separate
credit
on
the
PDR
under
category
4
(Leadership
Development).
All
Leadership
Development
Reports
are
placed
in
their
own
section
in
the
Record
Book.
Leadership
Development
Report
Frequently
Asked
Questions
How
do
I
know
if
I
need
to
complete
an
LDR?
If
you
are
working
on
your
Gold
or
Platinum
Star
Rank,
you
need
to
earn
two
credits
in
the
Significant
Leadership
category
for
each
of
those
ranks—a
total
of
four.
So
you
would
need
to
complete
an
LDR
for
four
leadership
roles
over
time.
If
you
are
not
working
on
Star
Ranks,
and
you
want
to
submit
your
book
to
competition
at
any
level,
you
must
complete
at
least
one
LDR
to
get
full
leadership
points
on
the
score
form.
In
this
case,
choose
the
leadership
role
where
you
learned
or
grew
the
most
or
was
the
one
most
important
to
you
and
complete
one
LDR
for
that
role.
Can
I
accumulate
hours
over
more
than
one
year
to
count
on
the
LDR?
Yes,
in
the
same
role
(if
you
are
a
junior
leader
one
year
and
a
teen
leader
the
next
year
for
the
same
project,
this
counts
as
the
same
role).
Keep
track
of
the
hours
you
spend
on
leadership
role
in
a
calendar,
journal
or
other
document.
In
the
first
year,
complete
Part
1
and
Part
2
Pre
and
make
a
goal
that
you
plan
to
complete
your
20
hours
over
two
years.
Then
in
the
second
year,
complete
Part
1
and
Part
2
Post
and
talk
about
how
you
achieved
your
goal
to
complete
20
hours
over
the
two
years.
Be
sure
to
be
specific
about
how
you
completed
the
20
hours.
If
you
submit
your
book
for
county
or
state
competition,
in
year
one,
include
Part
1
and
Part
2
Pre
forms.
In
year
two,
include
Part
1
and
Part
2
both
Pre
and
Post
forms.
The
LDR
is
for
Intermediate
and
Senior
members
only.
Can
Junior
members
who
are
Club
Officers
complete
the
LDR
and
get
Significant
Leadership
credit?
Yes,
under
these
conditions:
You
are
a
Club
Officer
You
already
have
earned
a
Silver
or
Gold
Star
and
you
are
working
on
either
Gold
or
Platinum
Star
You
believe
you
understand
all
of
the
questions
in
the
LDR
and
you
believe
that
you
can
learn
something
by
completing
them.
You
should
work
with
an
adult
to
help
you
decide
if
these
forms
are
right
for
you.
If
I
don’t
want
to
complete
an
LDR
do
I
have
to?
No,
you
do
not
have
to
complete
any
parts
of
the
Record
Book
if
you
don’t
want
to—it’s
your
book—do
the
parts
that
are
meaningful
to
you.
Here
are
some
reasons
to
complete
the
LDR
that
you
might
want
to
think
about:
If
a
full
Record
Book
is
required
by
the
fair
that
you
want
to
enter—you
should
complete
it.
If
you
want
to
participate
in
county
or
state
Record
Book
competitions—you
will
get
more
Leadership
points
if
you
complete
it.
If
you
are
thinking
about
going
to
college
or
applying
for
a
job
someday,
a
complete
Record
Book
will
help
you
remember
all
of
the
leadership
skills
that
you
have
developed.
If
I
don’t
have
enough
hours
to
complete
the
LDR,
but
I
still
want
Leadership
credits,
where
do
I
record
those?
In
the
PDR.
You
can
record
leadership
activity
in
the
PDR,
Section
4,
as
long
as
it
meets
the
criteria
listed
on
page
12
of
this
manual.
If
I
take
a
leadership
development
training
(not
a
project)
can
I
count
the
hours
that
I
spent
in
training
more
than
once
for
multiple
Significant
Leadership
roles?
No—good
question,
though!
Count
it
once
and
if
it
were
us,
we
would
use
it
where
you
need
the
most
hours
to
reach
your
20
hours.
Section
7:
4-H
Resume
(Senior
Members
Only)
resume
is
an
opportunity
to
show
your
strengths,
skills,
talents
and
creativity.
You
want
to
stand
out
and
be
remembered
and
at
the
same
time
present
yourself
professionally.
If
you
want
to
be
creative
in
the
style
and
design,
try
to
follow
these
tips:
Use
no
more
than
2
different
fonts
and
no
more
than
3
different
sizes
of
fonts.
Follow
a
pattern
of
font
use,
heading
use
and
description
format
Leave
plenty
of
white
space
on
the
page,
consider
1
inch
margins
all
around
Use
bullet
points
and
phrases
instead
of
full
sentences
except
in
the
Personal
Development
Statement—use
full
sentences
there.
4-H
Record
Book
Resume:
Maximum
of
2
pages.
Each
side
counts
as
a
page.
Highlight
your
4-H
experiences
and
include
a
little
of
your
outside
of
4-H
involvement—
highlight
the
most
significant
skills
you
have
gained,
the
ones
that
you
are
most
proud
of.
Include
the
following:
Name,
Address,
Phone,
Email
in
a
heading
Personal
Development
Statement:
One
to
three
sentences
that
describe
what
you
stand
for
and
what
you
aspire
to
become
as
a
human
being.
It
is
not
a
statement
of
what
you
want
to
do,
but
rather
how
you
want
to
be
in
the
world.
Education
and
Professional
Development:
Highest
grade
achieved
so
far.
Trainings
and
specialized
course
work.
Leadership
Skills:
Describe
skills
you
have
gained
through
significant
leadership
roles
you
have
filled.
Include
date
range
of
experience.
Example:
Co-Chair,
County
Harvest
Festival,
August
-
October
2014:
With
an
adult
volunteer,
planned
and
organized
a
countywide
event
for
500
people.
Developed
problem-solving,
group
management
and
organizational
skills.
Civic
Engagement
Skills:
Same
format
as
Leadership
Skills.
Other
Skills:
Examples:
Expert
pianist,
10
years
of
lessons
and
over
100
recitals
300
hours
work
experience
in
housing
painting
Certificates
&
Honors:
List
name
of
certificate
and
who
issued
it.
Example:
Lifeguard/Professional
CPR,
American
Red
Cross,
August
2015
Evaluation
and
Competition
4-H
Record
Book
competitions
measure
your
leadership
development,
civic
engagement
activities
and
personal
growth,
as
well
as
project
involvement.
4-H
Record
Books
may
be
evaluated
at
the
club,
county
and
state
levels.
The
Purpose
of
Record
Book
Competitions:
Provide
an
incentive
for
you
to
record
your
project
work
and
personal
achievement.
Receive
feedback
and
encouragement
on
your
4-H
project
skill
development,
leadership
and
civic
engagement
development
and
record-keeping
skills.
Get
recognized
for
outstanding
4-H
work!
After
completing
your
Record
Book,
you
can
submit
your
book
to
competitions
at
the
club,
county
and/or
state
level.
Club
and
county
level
competitions
are
not
required
for
State
Evaluation.
Club
Review
and
Evaluation
Record
Books
are
usually
reviewed
and
may
be
evaluated
by
adult
volunteers
(this
varies
between
clubs).
If
books
are
evaluated,
it
must
follow
the
State
guidelines
for
evaluation.
Star
Ranks
are
awarded
at
the
club
level
and
may
include
a
county
review
and
verification
process,
which
could
be
a
different
process
than
County
Competition.
County
Competition
This
level
of
competition
is
not
the
same
in
all
counties
so
check
with
your
County
4-H
Office
to
find
out
what
your
county
does.
The
State
4-H
Incentives
and
Recognition
Advisory
Committee
requires
the
use
of
the
County
Record
Book
Evaluation
Worksheet,
posted
on
the
State
4-H
website.
State
Competition
Only
senior
members
(ages
14
–
18)
are
eligible
to
submit
Record
Books
to
State
Competition.
Your
book
will
be
evaluated
against
standards
found
on
the
State
Competition
Evaluation
Worksheet.
You
do
not
need
to
win
or
even
enter
your
County
Competition
in
order
to
submit
your
Record
Book
to
State
Competition.
You
must
complete
all
of
the
pre-requisites
to
submit
your
book
to
State
Competition.
See
the
annual
Record
Book
Evaluation
Process
form
for
specific
information,
found
at:
http://4h.ucanr.edu/Resources/Members/RecordBook/RBCompetition/
Please
do
not
make
any
changes
to
the
forms,
formatting
or
requirements
outlined
in
this
manual.
Inaccurate
forms
are
reasons
for
disqualification
from
competition.
Submitting
Your
Book
to
State
Competition
If
you
are
a
senior
member
(14-19
years
old)
you
are
eligible
to
submit
your
book
to
State
Competition!
It’s
a
great
learning
experience,
a
chance
to
receive
feedback
on
your
record
keeping
skills
and
participation
in
4-H
and
it’s
another
opportunity
to
earn
recognition.
Once
you’ve
completed
your
book,
there
are
a
few
steps
you
must
go
through
before
submitting
it
to
State
Competition.
All
of
this
information
can
also
be
found
on
the
State
website
at:
http://4h.ucanr.edu/Resources/Members/RecordBook/RBCompetition/
If
you
are
planning
to
submit
your
Record
Book
to
state
competition
you
must
complete
this
form
by
the
published
due
date
of
the
year
you
plan
to
enter
competition.
The
State
4-H
Evaluation
Cover
Page
must
be
included
with
your
4-H
Record
Book
entered
for
state
competition.
The
Cover
Page
may
not
be
altered.
4-H
Record
Books
missing
the
Cover
Page
will
be
reason
for
disqualification.
County
Check
Sheet
must
be
included
with
your
4-H
Record
Book
entered
for
state
competition.
4-H
Staff
from
the
County
4-H
Cooperative
Extension
Office,
must
complete
the
checklist
and
ensure
the
completeness
of
the
4-H
Record
Book.
4-H
Record
Books
missing
the
Check
Sheet
is
reason
for
disqualification.
Send
your
physical
book
or
a
digital
copy
to
your
County
4-H
Office
by
their
established
deadline.
Counties
are
then
responsible
for
sending
digital
scans
of
Record
Books
to
the
State
Office.
Email
Gemma
Miner
(gmminer@ucanr.edu)
with
any
questions.
4-H
Record
Book
Resources
http://4h.ucanr.edu/Resources/Member_Resources/RecordBook/
Join
the
4-H
Record
Book
Support
Discussion
Board
(to
be
determined)
Questions
and
comments
may
be
directed
to:
California
State
4-H
Office
2801
2nd
Street
Davis,
CA
95618-7774
(530)-750-1334
ca4h@ucanr.edu
Have
Questions?
Need
Support?
Join
our
private
Facebook
Group.
(this
replaces
the
old
Yahoo
Group)
| msmarco_doc_00_26359190 | |
http://4hatsandfrugal.com/2013/06/how-to-set-quarterly-goals.html | How to Set Quarterly Goals - 4 Hats and Frugal | How to Set Quarterly Goals
How to Set Quarterly Goals
Sharing is caring!
Set Quarterly Goals The Right Way
Step 1: List your accomplished goals
Step 2: Create categories
Step 3: Set those quarterly goals in stone
Step 4: Get visual
What are some of your quarterly goals for the next 3 months? Have you written them down?
| How to Set Quarterly Goals - 4 Hats and Frugal
How to Set Quarterly Goals
Sharing is caring!
Now is the perfect time to start thinking about what your goals will be for the rest of the year. I’ve found that I do much better with setting quarterly goals, rather than making yearly resolutions. The key is to figure out how you want to categorize your goals.
Set Quarterly Goals The Right Way
I’ve talked about making goals previously on the blog, so getting down to creating quarterly ones for myself is so important to me.
Just a note: this is how I set quarterly goals, so feel free to use the guide for yourself or at least feel inspired to go your own route and make your own.
Step 1: List your accomplished goals
How can you make new goals without seeing which ones have been accomplished? By taking accountability of what goals have come to fruition and which ones you still need to work on, you can easily make your goal list for the next quarter.
Write it down in a list, or make a video where you tell your favorite accomplished goals during the last quarter.
By getting them out in the open, you’ll also be able to see which goals you’d like to build upon and which one aren’t worth the extra energy in the upcoming months.
Step 2: Create categories
This is where your personal preference will come into play. When picking categories for your goals, try to keep them down to 4 or 5. I’ve selected 4 categories: work, home, voluteering and me. Yes, I have a me category!
One of my biggest mistakes is leaving myself off of my list of priorities and goals. I’m changing that this year. Also, I like to keep my categories a bit generalized (hence the “home” instead of “family” category) so I can place a few different goals in each one.
For example, within my work category, I have goals for this here blog, as well as goals for my military career.
Step 3: Set those quarterly goals in stone
We as a society tend to love creating to-do lists, and then adding more “to-dos” to it as we complete a task. For your quarterly goals, don’t do that. Once you accomplish a goal, you’ll have the duty of maintaining that accomplishment.
Adding on yet another goal mid-quarter will only stress you out. Also, by accomplishing a goal, some of that energy can be transferred to another goal on the list.
Step 4: Get visual
Set quarterly goals by writing them down in a journal, notebook, or get really crafty and create a big poster board with all goals categorized and in lots of bright colors. Cross them off of the list as you accomplish each one.
By visually seeing all goals and crossing them off as they are attained, you’ll be able to create more motivation as the weeks go along, and your momentum will be less likely to falter. When I put goals on my poster board, I use colorful post it notes for each goal.
Then, once they are accomplished, I take the note down. For me, It helps to see the goals “disappearing” as I accomplish them. Since I am an uber-visual learner, I not only place my goals on a poster board, but I’ve recently announced them in a video.
What are some of your quarterly goals for the next 3 months? Have you written them down?
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http://4hforestryinvitational.org/training/topographic-map-contest/determining-elevation-change | Determining the Difference in Elevation — 4H Forestry Invitational | Determining the Difference in Elevation
Determining the Difference in Elevation | Determining the Difference in Elevation — 4H Forestry Invitational
Determining the Difference in Elevation
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Contour lines are the continuous brown lines found on topographic maps. They provide a reference for elevation. Every 5th contour line is dark brown. These lines are called "Index Contours", and often have a number associated with them that indicates the elevation they represent. The distance between contour lines is called the "Contour Interval". All USGS 7.5 minute quadrangle topographic maps will have the words "Contour Interval 20 Feet" either in the map legend or in the bottom frame. The number 20 indicates their is an elevation change of 20ft between contour lines. This interval may vary if they are not USGS 7.5 minute quadrangle maps, so please be sure to check the interval in the legend at the bottom of the map.
To determine the difference in elevation between two points, determine the elevation at each point and then calculate the difference. Record your answer in feet. In the example below, point A is at 1220 ft. and point B is at 1800 ft. The difference between 1800 ft. and 1220 ft. = 580 ft. | msmarco_doc_00_26445152 |
http://4humanities.org/2014/12/what-are-the-humanities/ | What Are the Humanities? | 4Humanities | 4Humanities
4Humanities
What Are the Humanities?
Posted by Alan Liu
Here are five good, short definitions of the humanities.
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| What Are the Humanities? | 4Humanities
4Humanities
What Are the Humanities?
Posted by Alan Liu
December 21, 2014 Bibliography on the Humanities Alan Liu
Here are five good, short definitions of the humanities.
These definitions are a sample from a variety of sources and more than one nation–something like a starter kit on the humanities (and their overlapping relation with what different countries also call “the liberal arts,” “the arts,” “humanities and arts,” and sometimes also the humanistically-oriented “social sciences.”
“The term ‘humanities’ includes, but is not limited to, the study and interpretation of the following: language, both modern and classical; linguistics; literature; history; jurisprudence; philosophy; archaeology; comparative religion; ethics; the history, criticism and theory of the arts; those aspects of social sciences which have humanistic content and employ humanistic methods; and the study and application of the humanities to the human environment with particular attention to reflecting our diverse heritage, traditions, and history and to the relevance of the humanities to the current conditions of national life.”
— National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities Act, 1965, as amended (the U. S. Congressional Act that created the National Endowment for the Humanities)
“The humanities—including the study of languages, literature, history, jurisprudence, philosophy, comparative religion, ethics, and the arts—are disciplines of memory and imagination, telling us where we have been and helping us envision where we are going.”
— The Heart of the Matter (Report of the American Academy of Arts & Science’s Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences to the U. S. Congress in June 2013)
“What are the humanities? It is like the notion of ‘time’ in St. Augustine: if you don’t ask, we know, but if you ask, we are left empty handed. Since the nineteenth century the humanities have generally been defined as the disciplines that investigate the expressions of the human mind. Such expressions include language, music, art, literature, theatre, and poetry. Thus, philology, linguistics, musicology, art history, literary studies, and theatre studies all belong to the realm of the humanities.”
–Rens Bod, A New History of the Humanities: The Search for Principles and Patterns from Antiquity to the Present (Oxford Univ. Press, 2013)
“Research stemming from a detailed understanding of human behaviour, economies, cultures and societies can dramatically redefine the crucial decisions we need to make. These decisions may involve the future direction of our economy, ways of broadening and strengthening education provision at all levels, or how we deal with the effects of climate or constitutional change… The humanities and social sciences teach us how people have created their world, and how they in turn are created by it.”
–The British Academy for Humanities & Social Sciences, “Press Pack”.
“The humanities are academic disciplines that study human culture. The humanities use methods that are primarily critical, or speculative, and have a significant historical element—as distinguished from the mainly empirical approaches of the natural sciences. The humanities include ancient and modern languages, literature, philosophy, religion, and visual and performing arts such as music and theatre. Areas that are sometimes regarded as social sciences and sometimes as humanities include history, archaeology, anthropology, area studies, communication studies, classical studies, law and linguistics…. The humanities and social sciences teach us how people have created their world, and how they in turn are created by it.”
–Wikipedia, “Humanities,” 2014.
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How to play 4K Videos with Surface Pro 4 Windows 10 tablet?
October 15, 2015
Category : Mobile Devices
With an October launch, the Surface Pro 4 is also expected to come with the first major Windows 10 upgrade and will be divided into two screen categories; namely 12 and 14 inches. The low end Surface Pro 4 will be coming with the same display resolution as last year, while the high end variant is expected to go as high as 4K. What’s more, the battery lasts up to 9 hours so you can work uninterrupted. So if you are out for traveling, it is a good choice for you to watch 4K movies on Surface Pro 4 just for fun or for displaying during a meeting.
To watch 4K movies on Surface Pro 4 online, you need to click on the gear icon, move to Quality option and choose 2160p 4k. But please note that watching 4K content requires a 25Mbps or faster downstream internet connection which is faster than most people have. Thus, watching online 4K movies on Surface Pro 4 may be stutter.
Yes, it is true that Microsoft has offered 4K playback support on Surface Pro 4 which means you can play downloaded 4K movies on Surface Pro 4 offline. Due to the native support for MKV on Windows 10, playing 4K movies wrapped by MKV on Surface Pro 4 is no problem. However, if you have 4K movies in format like MTS, MOV, FLV, etc. which is not supported by Surface Pro 4, a video converter for Surface Pro 4 is necessary, better with a long list of input/output video codecs, fast converting speed and ability to maintain the original quality. What’s more, you also need to scale the 4K resolution and tweaking a setting.
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http://4k-solution.com/upload-4k-video-to-facebook/ | Upload 4K Video to Facebook – 4K Solutions | Upload 4K Video to Facebook
Upload 4K Video to Facebook
Upload 4K Video to Facebook
Facebook adapts to 4K video
Facebook supported upload formats and size
File size and video length limitation
Best 4K Video Converter for Facebook uploading
Trim or split 4K video for Facebook
How to Compress and Convert 4K Video for Facebook Smooth Uploading with Best Quality?
Step 1: Load 4K video into the application.
Step 2: Define the output format.
Step 3: Trim or split 4K video.
Trim
Split
Step 4: Start the final conversion process.
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Upload 4K Video to Facebook
December 12, 2017
Category : 4K Formats
Facebook adapts to 4K video
For those people who are sick of your beautiful video looking crummy on Facebook, there are some good news for you. The company is starting to test 4K video support by giving a small group of profiles and pages the ability to upload 4K videos at 2160p resolution – the same standard as 4K Ultra HD sets.
Facebook won’t say if or when it plans to expand the upload support to more accounts, but the current test should be a promising sign to content creators even if it’s coming much later than many would have liked.
From above information, we can see that only a small group of profiles and pages gains the permission to share 4K video on Facebook. Most Facebook users is still limited to upload video to Facebook with the maximum resolution of 1980 x 1020. For those people who have recorded some 4K video with your smartphone, camera or camcorder, you will definitely need to compress 4K to 1080p that Facebook supports.
Related article: Upload 4K to YouTube | Upload Red One 4K to YouTube
Facebook supported upload formats and size
Before downscaling 4K video to 1080p for Facebook sharing, you should also be clear what video formats requirements and and file size upload limitation for Facebook.
List of Facebook supported uploading formats
3G2, 3GP, 3GPP, ASF, AVI, DAT, DIVX, DV, F4V, FLV, M2TS, M4V, MKV, MOD, MOV, MP4, MPE, MPEG, MPEG-4, MPG, MTS, NSV, OGM, OGV, QT, TOD, TS, VOB, and WMV.
Although Facebook has uploading support for a wide range of file formats. However, only proper file format won’t ensure you a successful uploading. There are still other important factors such as video codec, file size, frame rate, aspect ratio, etc that will influence your uploading process and quality.
Proper video/audio profile settings
Video Profile Settings
Codec
The best format to upload to Facebook is H.264 video with AAC audio in MP4 or MOV format. It currently gives you a great bang for your buck in the file size to relative quality ratio, offering the best video compression available, and due to the file size limitations, this format is the optimal choice for Facebook video. And there’s no need to change the parameter during Facebook uploading.
Resolution
Use a file with the larger edge of the video constrained to1280px. If your video is less than 1280px in size on the larger edge, try to keep your dimensions to multiples of 16px for best compression.
Frame Rate
Usually videos have the best quality if the frame rate is between 25-30 fps. So you are recommended to keep the frame rate of your video at or below30fps.
Aspect Ratio
The aspect ratio of the video must be within the range of 9×16 to 16x9which most videos should have, and the video exceeding the file size or length that the upload page suggests will be rejected.
Bitrate
There is no recommendation for Bitrate as it highly rests upon codec. So you are suggested to optimize video for resolution, aspect ratio and frame rate rather than bitrate.
Audio Profile Settings
Codec
MP3 is preferred
Samping Rate
Use stereo audio with a sample rate of 44,100hz.
Channels
The number of audio channels will be maintained for stereo and mono streams. 5.1-channel audio will be down-mixed to stereo. All other channel configurations are currently unsupported.
File size and video length limitation
Video length: the maximum length for a video is 120 minutes
File size: 4 GB
Best 4K Video Converter for Facebook uploading
To produce a video from 4K video that meet all the requirements listed above, you can download our best 4K Video to Facebook Converter – Pavtube Video Converter. The program has full importing support for all 4K video wrapped with different container file formats such as AVI/WMV/MP4/MOV/MKV/MXF/TS/XAVC/XAVC S and compression codec like H.264, H.265, Prores, etc. Thanks to its batch conversion mode, you can load multiple video into the application at one time for conversion.
The program not only assists you to transcode and compress 4K video to Facebook supported uploading 1080p or 720p or SD file formats listed above, but also facilitate you to flexibly adjust output profile parameters such as video codec, resolution, bit rate, frame rate and audio codec, bit rate, sample rate and channels to produce the best uploading settings for Facebook.
Trim or split 4K video for Facebook
If the video length of your 4K video exceeds 120 minutes, you can use the trim function to shorten the video length, if your 4K video is larger than 4GB, you can use the splitting function offered by the program to split it into smaller parts by file size, count or length.
How to Compress and Convert 4K Video for Facebook Smooth Uploading with Best Quality?
Step 1: Load 4K video into the application.
Download the free trial version of the program. Launch it on your computer. Click “File” menu and select “Add Video/Audio” or click the “Add Video” button on the top tool bar to import source 4K video files into the program.
Step 2: Define the output format.
Clicking the Format bar, from its drop-down list, select Facebook most favorable “H.264 HD Video (*.mp4)” under “HD Video” main category.
Tips: Click “Settings” on the main interface to open “Profile Settings” window, here, you can adjust the output profile parameters to export Facebook best compatible H.264 video codec, 1080p or 720p resolution or others, bit rate, frame rate between 25-30fps, audio codec as AAC, bit rate, sample rate as 44100, channels as stereo or mono, etc.
Step 3: Trim or split 4K video.
Trim
In the video editor window, choose the “Trim” tab and this tab is selected by default when the editing window appears. The “Trim” feature allows users to decide where to start and where to end when converting the selected clip, so that unwanted segments will be cut out after conversion. To trim a video, switch to “Trim” tab in “Video Editor” window and follow any of the methods below:
1. Drag the control sliders to include the segment you want to remain.
2. Click the left square bracket to set start point, and click the right square bracket to set end point when previewing the video.
3. Input specific values to “Start” and “End” box.
Split
Click the split button on the file list to launch the Video Split window. Ticking “Enable” option, you can split the file by file count, time length, or file size.
Step 4: Start the final conversion process.
After all setting is completed, hit the “Convert” button at the right bottom of the main interface to begin 4K video to Facebook supported 1080p video with compatible file format, profile parameters, size and video length.
When the conversion is finished, click “Open Output Folder” icon on the main interface to open the folder with generated files. Then you can fast upload compressed 4K video for Facebook uploading with best quality.
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http://4kcc.com/How2/ar_update.html | How To Update Adobe Reader | How To Update Adobe Reader
How To Update Adobe Reader | How To Update Adobe Reader
How To Update Adobe Reader
Updating Adobe Reader is very simple. Here are the steps you can use to make sure your Adobe Reader is up-to-date within the same version number:
1) Go to the Adobe Reader icon and open Adobe Reader.
2) When Adobe Reader opens, go to the HELP MENU.
3) From the drop-down menu, choose CHECK FOR UPDATES.
4.1) If your version of Adobe Reader is up-to-date, you will receive the following screen message:
Simply choose QUIT and you have completed the process.
4.2 If there are updates available for your version of Adobe Reader, a message similar to this one will appear on the screen:
5) As the updating process proceeds, you will usually receive the following message:
6) Click CONTINUE to finish the updating procedure.
7) When the update is completed, you will receive the following message:
8) Choose QUIT and you've finished the updating process. | msmarco_doc_00_26467944 |
http://4kcc.com/How2/sp_version.html | How To Find Which Service Packs (SP) Are Installed In Your Microsoft Software |
In Windows XP, Windows Vista and Windows 7
In Microsoft Office 2003:
In Microsoft Office 2007:
In Microsoft Office 2010:
In Microsoft Office 2013:
| How To Find Which Service Packs (SP) Are Installed In Your Microsoft Software
Service Packs are software updates from Microsoft (some other companies use the term, as well) which may contain updates making the software more reliable, more compatible and more secure. Service Packs can only be installed if there's a previous version of the same product on a computer.
Microsoft issues service packs for its operating system and for its Office Suites.
This is the list of the most current service packs:
For Windows XP
Service Pack 3
For Windows Vista
Service Pack 2
For Windows 7
Service Pack 1
For Office 2003
Service Pack 3
For Office 2007
Service Pack 3
For Office 2010
Service Pack 2
For Office 2013
Service Pack 1
How can you tell which Service Pack you have? Here's how to check:
In Windows XP, Windows Vista and Windows 7
1) From the Start Menu, RIGHT-click on (My) Computer. (It's only called "My" in Windows XP.)
2) Left-click on PROPERTIES.
3) At the top of the System Properties window, you will find both the version of Windows you are operating and which Service Pack is installed, if any. Here's an example from Windows 7 (notice it has Service Pack 1 installed) and another example from Windows XP (SP3).
Windows Vista would look the same as this Windows 7 screen.
In Microsoft Office 2003:
1) Open Word.
2) Click on the HELP menu.
3) Click on About Microsoft Office Word. The edition and the service packs installed, if any, will be listed at the top of the window which appears.
In Microsoft Office 2007:
1) Open Word.
2) Click on the Windows Logo drop-down menu in the upper left-hand corner of Word.
3) Click on Word Options.
4) In the left column, click on RESOURCES.
5) On the right-hand side of the window, find ABOUT Microsoft Office Word. The version and any service packs will be listed directly underneath.
In Microsoft Office 2010:
1) Open Word or any other Office Program.
2) On the FILE menu, choose HELP.
3) Under "About Microsoft Word." Click on "Additional Version and Copyright Information."
4) You'll find the Office 2010 Version and Service Pack information at the top of the new window which appears.
In Microsoft Office 2013:
1) Open Word or any other Office Program.
2) On the FILE menu, choose ACCOUNT.
3) Under "Product Information,"click on "ABOUT WORD" (Or whichever Office Product you opened.).
4) You'll find the Office 2013 Version at the top of the new window which appears. You have service pack 1 if the version is higher than 15.0.4569.1506. | msmarco_doc_00_26469064 |
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http://4kmand4kj.global2.vic.edu.au/2012/11/09/procedural-texts/ | Procedural Texts | 4KM and 4KJ @ Leopold PS | Procedural Texts
Procedural Texts
During the year, 4KM and 4KJ have focussed on a variety of text types or genres during our writing lessons.
This week we have been writing procedural texts.
Here are two examples of procedural texts that were written in our class this week…
How to Eat a Banana
What you need:
Method:
How to Brush Your Teeth
Requirements:
Instructions:
What did you think of Trent and Liv’s procedural texts?
When have you used a procedural text to make or do something?
Do you have a favourite text type or genre of writing?
| Procedural Texts | 4KM and 4KJ @ Leopold PS
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Procedural Texts
Posted on November 9, 2012 by Miss Kelly Jordan
During the year, 4KM and 4KJ have focussed on a variety of text types or genres during our writing lessons.
This week we have been writing procedural texts.
A procedural text instructs the reader how to do or make something. There are usually three parts to a procedural text:
1. The goal or title – this tells the reader what will be achieved.
2. Requirements or materials – a list of the items needed to achieve the goal.
3. Instructions or method – a step by step description of what the reader needs to do to achieve the goal.
Common procedural texts are recipes, rules for games, science experiments, instructional manuals (eg. putting furniture or toys together) and operating manuals (eg. how to operate a vacuum cleaner).
We learnt that it is very important to be specific when writing the instructions. Every detail possible should be included so that the reader knows exactly what to do.
Here are two examples of procedural texts that were written in our class this week…
How to Eat a Banana
By Trent
What you need:
A banana
Method:
1. Firstly, you must get a banana.
2. Hold the banana in your hand with the stem up.
3. Hold the stem with your hand.
4. Pull skin back in any direction.
5. One strip of the banana skin should be off.
6. Get the other two strips of skin and pull them down.
7. All strips of skin should now be down.
8. Hold the banana up to your mouth.
9. Put half a mouthful of banana into your mouth and bite it off.
10. Take the banana away from your mouth.
11. Chew it.
12. Do everything from step 8-13 until done.
13. When finished, put the banana skin in the bin.
****************
How to Brush Your Teeth
By Liv
Requirements:
A soft bristle toothbrush
Fluoride toothpaste
Sink
Mouthwash or water
Cup (optional)
Floss (optional)
Instructions:
1. With the toothbrush in one of your hands, squeeze a centimetre of toothpaste onto the bristles of the toothbrush.
2. Turn the tap on cold, and wet your toothbrush to let the toothpaste soften.
3. Put the toothbrush into your mouth and slowly brush in small circles.
4. Make sure you brush all of your top teeth and your bottom teeth, back and front.
5. You should brush your teeth for two to three minutes, twice per day.
6. Once you have finished brushing your teeth, before removing your toothbrush, gently brush the top of your tongue to get rid of any bacteria.
7. Take the toothbrush out of your mouth, turn the tap on cold and rinse your toothbrush out.
8. Grab the cup, fill a quarter of it with water and rinse out your mouth.
****************
What did you think of Trent and Liv’s procedural texts?
When have you used a procedural text to make or do something?
Do you have a favourite text type or genre of writing? | msmarco_doc_00_26472133 |