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--- |
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dataset_info: |
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features: |
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- name: timestamp |
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dtype: timestamp[us] |
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- name: id |
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sequence: string |
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- name: past_values |
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sequence: |
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sequence: float32 |
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- name: past_observed_mask |
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sequence: |
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sequence: bool |
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- name: static_categorical_values |
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sequence: float32 |
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- name: static_real_values |
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sequence: float64 |
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- name: future_values |
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sequence: |
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sequence: float32 |
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- name: future_observed_mask |
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sequence: |
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sequence: bool |
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splits: |
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- name: train |
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num_bytes: 61803996485 |
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num_examples: 8306132 |
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- name: validation |
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num_bytes: 8813372653 |
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num_examples: 1184471 |
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- name: test |
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num_bytes: 17811677540 |
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num_examples: 2393795 |
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download_size: 2106288708 |
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dataset_size: 88429046678 |
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configs: |
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- config_name: default |
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data_files: |
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- split: train |
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path: data/train-* |
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- split: validation |
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path: data/validation-* |
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- split: test |
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path: data/test-* |
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license: cc |
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task_categories: |
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- time-series-forecasting |
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pretty_name: ONS Capacity Factor Dataset |
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--- |
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# Dataset Card for ONS-Capacity-Factor-Dataset-Full |
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## Dataset Summary |
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The **ONS-Capacity-Factor-Dataset-Full** provides hourly data for wind and solar power plants in Brazil. These values are published by the **Operador Nacional do Sistema Elétrico (ONS)** — the Brazilian National Electric System Operator — which is responsible for coordinating and controlling electricity generation and transmission in the National Interconnected System (SIN). |
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The dataset includes data from **2009 to 2025**, with files provided yearly from 2009 to 2021 and monthly from 2022 onwards. Each entry represents the capacity factor of a plant or group of plants, calculated as the ratio between the actual generation and the installed capacity. |
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This dataset is useful for research in renewable energy forecasting, time series analysis, energy systems modeling, and applications of artificial intelligence in the power sector. |
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## Supported Tasks and Benchmarks |
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- **Time Series Forecasting**: Predict future capacity factor values for wind and solar energy. |
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- **Renewable Energy Modeling**: Analyze the performance of renewable plants over time. |
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- **ML for Energy Systems**: Train and evaluate machine learning models for grid optimization and resource planning. |
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## Languages |
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The dataset contains metadata and headers in **Portuguese**, as provided by ONS. However, variable names are intuitive and can be easily adapted to English in preprocessing. |
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## Dataset Structure |
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### Data Fields |
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Each file includes the following fields (translated from Portuguese): |
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- `timestamp`: Start of the time series (YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM). |
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- `id`: Id of the time series. |
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- `past_values`: The context values of shape `(512, 1)`. |
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- `past_observed mask`: The mask of context values of shape `(512, 1)`. |
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- `static_categorical_values`: If it is wind or solar energy `(0 or 1)`. |
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- `static_real_values`: Latitude and longitude. |
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- `future_values`: The target sequence. |
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- `future_observerd_mask`: The mask of target sequence. |
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Note: Some years or months may lack some of these fields depending on the ONS publication format. |
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### File Formats |
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- Parquet (`.parquet`) |
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## Data Splits |
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There are no predefined train/test/validation splits. Users are encouraged to split the data according to their application (e.g., temporal split for forecasting). |
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## Licensing Information |
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This dataset is licensed under the **Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0)**. You are free to share and adapt the data, provided that appropriate credit is given to **ONS**. |
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More information: [http://opendefinition.org/od/2.1/pt-br](http://opendefinition.org/od/2.1/pt-br) |
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## Source |
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- Website: [ONS Historical Operation Data](http://www.ons.org.br/Paginas/resultados-da-operacao/historico-da-operacao/fator-capacidade.aspx) |
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- Maintainer: ONS (Operador Nacional do Sistema Elétrico) |
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- Contact: relacionamento.agentes@ons.org.br |
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## Citation |
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If you use this dataset in your research, please cite ONS as the data provider: |
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```bibtex |
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@misc{ |
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ons_capacity_factor, |
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title = {ONS Capacity Factor Dataset}, |
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author = {Operador Nacional do Sistema Elétrico (ONS)}, |
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year = {2025}, |
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url = {http://www.ons.org.br} |
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} |
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``` |
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## Acknowledgements |
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This dataset is made available through the ONS Open Data Initiative and the AWS Open Data Sponsorship Program: [https://registry.opendata.aws/ons-opendata-portal/](https://registry.opendata.aws/ons-opendata-portal/) |
