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573296880342181400a2027d | Antibiotics | The majority of studies indicate antibiotics do interfere with contraceptive pills, such as clinical studies that suggest the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics is very low (about 1%). In cases where antibacterials have been suggested to affect the efficiency of birth control pills, such as for t... | Do antibiotics mess with birth control pills? | {
"answer_start": [
33
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"antibiotics do interfere"
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573296880342181400a2027f | Antibiotics | The majority of studies indicate antibiotics do interfere with contraceptive pills, such as clinical studies that suggest the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics is very low (about 1%). In cases where antibacterials have been suggested to affect the efficiency of birth control pills, such as for t... | What should women do if they are using antibiotics and birth control pills? | {
"answer_start": [
731
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"extra contraceptive measures"
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} | What should women do if they are using antibiotics and birth control pills? | [
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573296880342181400a2027e | Antibiotics | The majority of studies indicate antibiotics do interfere with contraceptive pills, such as clinical studies that suggest the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics is very low (about 1%). In cases where antibacterials have been suggested to affect the efficiency of birth control pills, such as for t... | What is birth control failure rate due to antibiotics? | {
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"about 1%"
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} | What is birth control failure rate due to antibiotics? | [
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57302230a23a5019007fce13 | Antibiotics | Interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious ... | What is one potential issue with drinking alcohol while taking antibiotics? | {
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"decreased effectiveness"
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57302230a23a5019007fce14 | Antibiotics | Interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious ... | Do all antibiotics interact dangerously with alcohol? | {
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57302230a23a5019007fce15 | Antibiotics | Interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious ... | Is it OK to drink alcohol while taking any antibiotic? | {
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57302230a23a5019007fce16 | Antibiotics | Interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious ... | How common is the belief that alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed? | {
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"widespread"
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5731be590fdd8d15006c64e1 | Antibiotics | Interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious ... | What can alcohol and certain antibiotics cause? | {
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"decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy"
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} | What can alcohol and certain antibiotics cause? | [
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5731be590fdd8d15006c64e2 | Antibiotics | Interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious ... | What is unlikely to interfere with with many common antibiotics? | {
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156
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"alcohol consumption"
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} | What is unlikely to interfere with with many common antibiotics? | [
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5731be590fdd8d15006c64e3 | Antibiotics | Interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious ... | What belief should bever be mixed widespread? | {
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573299421d5d2e14009ff861 | Antibiotics | Interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious ... | What common drug can reduce antibiotic effectiveness? | {
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} | What common drug can reduce antibiotic effectiveness? | [
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573299421d5d2e14009ff862 | Antibiotics | Interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious ... | What type of antibiotic is most likely to be a problem with alcohol? | {
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573299421d5d2e14009ff863 | Antibiotics | Interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious ... | Should alcohol be used while on antibiotics? | {
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5731c904b9d445190005e551 | Antibiotics | Several molecular mechanisms of antibacterial resistance exist. Intrinsic antibacterial resistance may be part of the genetic makeup of bacterial strains. For example, an antibiotic target may be absent from the bacterial genome. Acquired resistance results from a mutation in the bacterial chromosome or the acquisition... | What is part of hje the make up of bacterial strains? | {
"answer_start": [
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5731c904b9d445190005e554 | Antibiotics | Several molecular mechanisms of antibacterial resistance exist. Intrinsic antibacterial resistance may be part of the genetic makeup of bacterial strains. For example, an antibiotic target may be absent from the bacterial genome. Acquired resistance results from a mutation in the bacterial chromosome or the acquisition... | What is exchanged between between bacterial strains or species via plasmids that have this resistance? | {
"answer_start": [
712
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"antibacterial resistance genes"
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} | What is exchanged between between bacterial strains or species via plasmids that have this resistance? | [
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5731c904b9d445190005e552 | Antibiotics | Several molecular mechanisms of antibacterial resistance exist. Intrinsic antibacterial resistance may be part of the genetic makeup of bacterial strains. For example, an antibiotic target may be absent from the bacterial genome. Acquired resistance results from a mutation in the bacterial chromosome or the acquisition... | What can be absent from the bacterial genome? | {
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"antibiotic target"
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} | What can be absent from the bacterial genome? | [
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0.44189414381... | The flagship stations of each station in the markets of each team will carry their local play-by-play calls. In Denver, KOA (850 AM) and KRFX (103.5 FM) will carry the game, with Dave Logan on play-by-play and Ed McCaffrey on color commentary. In North Carolina, WBT (1110 AM) will carry the game, with Mick Mixon on pla... | Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that p... | Certain bacteria form close spatial associations that are essential for their survival. One such mutualistic association, called interspecies hydrogen transfer, occurs between clusters of anaerobic bacteria that consume organic acids, such as butyric acid or propionic acid, and produce hydrogen, and methanogenic Archae... | antibiotic target | 1,419 |
5731c904b9d445190005e553 | Antibiotics | Several molecular mechanisms of antibacterial resistance exist. Intrinsic antibacterial resistance may be part of the genetic makeup of bacterial strains. For example, an antibiotic target may be absent from the bacterial genome. Acquired resistance results from a mutation in the bacterial chromosome or the acquisition... | When does the spread of antibacterial resistance frequently occurs/ | {
"answer_start": [
581
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"text": [
"vertical transmission"
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} | When does the spread of antibacterial resistance frequently occurs/ | [
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0.2714067399501... | The FBI frequently investigated Martin Luther King, Jr. In the mid-1960s, King began publicly criticizing the Bureau for giving insufficient attention to the use of terrorism by white supremacists. Hoover responded by publicly calling King the most "notorious liar" in the United States. In his 1991 memoir, Washington P... | Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that p... | Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. Many types of bacteriophage exist, some simply infect and lyse their host bacteria, while others insert into the bacterial chromosome. A bacteriophage can contain genes that contribute to its host's phenotype: for example, in the evolution of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and... | vertical transmission | 1,420 |
5733c3f34776f419006611d4 | Antibiotics | Several molecular mechanisms of antibacterial resistance exist. Intrinsic antibacterial resistance may be part of the genetic makeup of bacterial strains. For example, an antibiotic target may be absent from the bacterial genome. Acquired resistance results from a mutation in the bacterial chromosome or the acquisition... | What does some resistance come from? | {
"answer_start": [
265
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"mutation"
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5733c3f34776f419006611d5 | Antibiotics | Several molecular mechanisms of antibacterial resistance exist. Intrinsic antibacterial resistance may be part of the genetic makeup of bacterial strains. For example, an antibiotic target may be absent from the bacterial genome. Acquired resistance results from a mutation in the bacterial chromosome or the acquisition... | What method of spread can occur in antibacterial resistance? | {
"answer_start": [
581
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"text": [
"vertical transmission of mutations"
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} | What method of spread can occur in antibacterial resistance? | [
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5733c3f34776f419006611d6 | Antibiotics | Several molecular mechanisms of antibacterial resistance exist. Intrinsic antibacterial resistance may be part of the genetic makeup of bacterial strains. For example, an antibiotic target may be absent from the bacterial genome. Acquired resistance results from a mutation in the bacterial chromosome or the acquisition... | What do plasmids do in resistance? | {
"answer_start": [
869
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"text": [
"carry several different resistance genes"
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} | What do plasmids do in resistance? | [
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5733c4ca4776f419006611e4 | Antibiotics | Antibacterial-resistant strains and species, sometimes referred to as "superbugs", now contribute to the emergence of diseases that were for a while well controlled. For example, emergent bacterial strains causing tuberculosis (TB) that are resistant to previously effective antibacterial treatments pose many therapeuti... | What are strains that are resistant to antibiotics called sometimes? | {
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71
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"superbugs"
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} | What are strains that are resistant to antibiotics called sometimes? | [
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5733c4ca4776f419006611e5 | Antibiotics | Antibacterial-resistant strains and species, sometimes referred to as "superbugs", now contribute to the emergence of diseases that were for a while well controlled. For example, emergent bacterial strains causing tuberculosis (TB) that are resistant to previously effective antibacterial treatments pose many therapeuti... | What was a once almost controlled disease that is coming back do to resistance? | {
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214
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"tuberculosis"
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} | What was a once almost controlled disease that is coming back do to resistance? | [
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5733c4ca4776f419006611e6 | Antibiotics | Antibacterial-resistant strains and species, sometimes referred to as "superbugs", now contribute to the emergence of diseases that were for a while well controlled. For example, emergent bacterial strains causing tuberculosis (TB) that are resistant to previously effective antibacterial treatments pose many therapeuti... | How many new infections of resistant TB are reported per year? | {
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353
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"half a million"
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5733c4ca4776f419006611e7 | Antibiotics | Antibacterial-resistant strains and species, sometimes referred to as "superbugs", now contribute to the emergence of diseases that were for a while well controlled. For example, emergent bacterial strains causing tuberculosis (TB) that are resistant to previously effective antibacterial treatments pose many therapeuti... | What is the acronym used to describe resistant TB? | {
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415
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"MDR-TB"
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} | What is the acronym used to describe resistant TB? | [
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5733c6d84776f41900661208 | Antibiotics | Inappropriate antibiotic treatment and overuse of antibiotics have contributed to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Self prescription of antibiotics is an example of misuse. Many antibiotics are frequently prescribed to treat symptoms or diseases that do not respond to antibiotics or that are likely to re... | What are the two biggest reasons for resistance? | {
"answer_start": [
0
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"Inappropriate antibiotic treatment and overuse"
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} | What are the [MASK] biggest reasons for resistance? | [
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5733c6d84776f41900661209 | Antibiotics | Inappropriate antibiotic treatment and overuse of antibiotics have contributed to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Self prescription of antibiotics is an example of misuse. Many antibiotics are frequently prescribed to treat symptoms or diseases that do not respond to antibiotics or that are likely to re... | What is a common method of misuse? | {
"answer_start": [
130
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"text": [
"Self prescription"
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} | What is a common method of misuse? | [
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5733c6d84776f4190066120a | Antibiotics | Inappropriate antibiotic treatment and overuse of antibiotics have contributed to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Self prescription of antibiotics is an example of misuse. Many antibiotics are frequently prescribed to treat symptoms or diseases that do not respond to antibiotics or that are likely to re... | What is an example of bad treatment causing resistance? | {
"answer_start": [
440
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"text": [
"overuse of antibiotics"
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} | What is an example of bad treatment causing resistance? | [
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5733c81c4776f4190066121c | Antibiotics | Common forms of antibiotic misuse include excessive use of prophylactic antibiotics in travelers and failure of medical professionals to prescribe the correct dosage of antibiotics on the basis of the patient's weight and history of prior use. Other forms of misuse include failure to take the entire prescribed course o... | What is a way of improperly using antibiotics for those traveling? | {
"answer_start": [
59
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"text": [
"prophylactic antibiotics"
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} | What is a way of improperly using antibiotics for those traveling? | [
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5733c81c4776f4190066121d | Antibiotics | Common forms of antibiotic misuse include excessive use of prophylactic antibiotics in travelers and failure of medical professionals to prescribe the correct dosage of antibiotics on the basis of the patient's weight and history of prior use. Other forms of misuse include failure to take the entire prescribed course o... | What can happen if a doctor doesn't prescribe to a person's weight and prior use? | {
"answer_start": [
101
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"text": [
"failure of medical professionals to prescribe the correct dosage"
]
} | What can happen if a doctor doesn't prescribe to a person's weight and prior use? | [
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5733c81c4776f4190066121e | Antibiotics | Common forms of antibiotic misuse include excessive use of prophylactic antibiotics in travelers and failure of medical professionals to prescribe the correct dosage of antibiotics on the basis of the patient's weight and history of prior use. Other forms of misuse include failure to take the entire prescribed course o... | What are 3 other common forms of bad antibiotic practices? | {
"answer_start": [
274
],
"text": [
"failure to take the entire prescribed course of the antibiotic, incorrect dosage and administration, or failure to rest for sufficient recovery"
]
} | What are [MASK] other common forms of bad antibiotic practices? | [
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5733c81c4776f4190066121f | Antibiotics | Common forms of antibiotic misuse include excessive use of prophylactic antibiotics in travelers and failure of medical professionals to prescribe the correct dosage of antibiotics on the basis of the patient's weight and history of prior use. Other forms of misuse include failure to take the entire prescribed course o... | What happens when a cold is treated with antibiotics? | {
"answer_start": [
419
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"text": [
"Inappropriate antibiotic treatment"
]
} | What happens when a cold is treated with antibiotics? | [
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5733c81c4776f41900661220 | Antibiotics | Common forms of antibiotic misuse include excessive use of prophylactic antibiotics in travelers and failure of medical professionals to prescribe the correct dosage of antibiotics on the basis of the patient's weight and history of prior use. Other forms of misuse include failure to take the entire prescribed course o... | What do doctors usually do when a patient seems to want antibiotics even though they may not be right? | {
"answer_start": [
621
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"text": [
"prescribe antibiotics"
]
} | What do doctors usually do when a patient seems to want antibiotics even though they may not be right? | [
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5733cb484776f41900661256 | Antibiotics | Several organizations concerned with antimicrobial resistance are lobbying to eliminate the unnecessary use of antibiotics. The issues of misuse and overuse of antibiotics have been addressed by the formation of the US Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance. This task force aims to actively address antimicr... | What is the name of a US government agency tasked with trying to stop improper use of antibiotics? | {
"answer_start": [
216
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"text": [
"US Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance"
]
} | What is the name of a [MASK] government agency tasked with trying to stop improper use of antibiotics? | [
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5733cb484776f41900661257 | Antibiotics | Several organizations concerned with antimicrobial resistance are lobbying to eliminate the unnecessary use of antibiotics. The issues of misuse and overuse of antibiotics have been addressed by the formation of the US Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance. This task force aims to actively address antimicr... | Which agencies control this task force? | {
"answer_start": [
364
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"text": [
"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the National Institutes of Health (NIH)"
]
} | Which agencies control this task force? | [
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5733cb484776f41900661258 | Antibiotics | Several organizations concerned with antimicrobial resistance are lobbying to eliminate the unnecessary use of antibiotics. The issues of misuse and overuse of antibiotics have been addressed by the formation of the US Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance. This task force aims to actively address antimicr... | When did the French start going after overuse of antibiotics? | {
"answer_start": [
654
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"text": [
"2002"
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} | When did the [MASK] start going after overuse of antibiotics? | [
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5733cd2bd058e614000b62b3 | Antibiotics | The emergence of antibiotic resistance has prompted restrictions on their use in the UK in 1970 (Swann report 1969), and the EU has banned the use of antibiotics as growth-promotional agents since 2003. Moreover, several organizations (e.g., The American Society for Microbiology (ASM), American Public Health Associatio... | When did the EU ban antibiotics for speeding up growth? | {
"answer_start": [
197
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"text": [
"2003"
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} | When did the [MASK] ban antibiotics for speeding up growth? | [
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5733cd2bd058e614000b62b4 | Antibiotics | The emergence of antibiotic resistance has prompted restrictions on their use in the UK in 1970 (Swann report 1969), and the EU has banned the use of antibiotics as growth-promotional agents since 2003. Moreover, several organizations (e.g., The American Society for Microbiology (ASM), American Public Health Associatio... | What report caused the UK to worry about resistance? | {
"answer_start": [
97
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"text": [
"Swann report 1969"
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} | What report caused the [MASK] to worry about resistance? | [
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5733cd2bd058e614000b62b5 | Antibiotics | The emergence of antibiotic resistance has prompted restrictions on their use in the UK in 1970 (Swann report 1969), and the EU has banned the use of antibiotics as growth-promotional agents since 2003. Moreover, several organizations (e.g., The American Society for Microbiology (ASM), American Public Health Associatio... | What 3 US organizations have called for the banning of antibiotics in the production of food animals? | {
"answer_start": [
246
],
"text": [
"American Society for Microbiology (ASM), American Public Health Association (APHA) and the American Medical Association (AMA)"
]
} | What [MASK] [MASK] organizations have called for the banning of antibiotics in the production of food animals? | [
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5733cd2bd058e614000b62b6 | Antibiotics | The emergence of antibiotic resistance has prompted restrictions on their use in the UK in 1970 (Swann report 1969), and the EU has banned the use of antibiotics as growth-promotional agents since 2003. Moreover, several organizations (e.g., The American Society for Microbiology (ASM), American Public Health Associatio... | Name two US bills that want to ban antibiotics in food production? | {
"answer_start": [
830
],
"text": [
"S.742 and H.R. 2562"
]
} | Name [MASK] [MASK] bills that want to ban antibiotics in food production? | [
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5733cd2bd058e614000b62b7 | Antibiotics | The emergence of antibiotic resistance has prompted restrictions on their use in the UK in 1970 (Swann report 1969), and the EU has banned the use of antibiotics as growth-promotional agents since 2003. Moreover, several organizations (e.g., The American Society for Microbiology (ASM), American Public Health Associatio... | What 3 medical associations supported the bills? | {
"answer_start": [
1045
],
"text": [
"American Holistic Nurses' Association, the American Medical Association, and the American Public Health Association (APHA)"
]
} | What [MASK] medical associations supported the bills? | [
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5733d178d058e614000b6321 | Antibiotics | There has been extensive use of antibiotics in animal husbandry. In the United States, the question of emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains due to use of antibiotics in livestock was raised by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1977. In March 2012, the United States District Court for the South... | What besides sick people are antibiotics used for? | {
"answer_start": [
47
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"text": [
"animal husbandry"
]
} | What besides sick people are antibiotics used for? | [
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5733d178d058e614000b6322 | Antibiotics | There has been extensive use of antibiotics in animal husbandry. In the United States, the question of emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains due to use of antibiotics in livestock was raised by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1977. In March 2012, the United States District Court for the South... | When was resistance first discussed as a problem in the raising of farm animals? | {
"answer_start": [
253
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"text": [
"1977"
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} | When was resistance [MASK] discussed as a problem in the raising of farm animals? | [
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5733d178d058e614000b6323 | Antibiotics | There has been extensive use of antibiotics in animal husbandry. In the United States, the question of emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains due to use of antibiotics in livestock was raised by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1977. In March 2012, the United States District Court for the South... | When did a district court order the FDA to stop approving antibiotics in animals? | {
"answer_start": [
262
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"text": [
"March 2012"
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} | When did a district court order the [MASK] to stop approving antibiotics in animals? | [
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5733d2444776f419006612d8 | Antibiotics | Before the early 20th century, treatments for infections were based primarily on medicinal folklore. Mixtures with antimicrobial properties that were used in treatments of infections were described over 2000 years ago. Many ancient cultures, including the ancient Egyptians and ancient Greeks, used specially selected mo... | What methods did people use before antibiotics to treat infections? | {
"answer_start": [
81
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"text": [
"medicinal folklore"
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} | What methods did people use before antibiotics to treat infections? | [
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5733d2444776f419006612d9 | Antibiotics | Before the early 20th century, treatments for infections were based primarily on medicinal folklore. Mixtures with antimicrobial properties that were used in treatments of infections were described over 2000 years ago. Many ancient cultures, including the ancient Egyptians and ancient Greeks, used specially selected mo... | When were some kinds of antimicrobials first used? | {
"answer_start": [
198
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"text": [
"over 2000 years ago"
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} | When were some kinds of antimicrobials first used? | [
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5733d2444776f419006612da | Antibiotics | Before the early 20th century, treatments for infections were based primarily on medicinal folklore. Mixtures with antimicrobial properties that were used in treatments of infections were described over 2000 years ago. Many ancient cultures, including the ancient Egyptians and ancient Greeks, used specially selected mo... | What type of things did Egyptians and Greeks use? | {
"answer_start": [
318
],
"text": [
"mold and plant materials and extracts"
]
} | What type of things did [MASK] and [MASK] use? | [
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5733d2444776f419006612db | Antibiotics | Before the early 20th century, treatments for infections were based primarily on medicinal folklore. Mixtures with antimicrobial properties that were used in treatments of infections were described over 2000 years ago. Many ancient cultures, including the ancient Egyptians and ancient Greeks, used specially selected mo... | What does antibiosis mean? | {
"answer_start": [
727
],
"text": [
"against life"
]
} | What does antibiosis mean? | [
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5733d2444776f419006612dc | Antibiotics | Before the early 20th century, treatments for infections were based primarily on medicinal folklore. Mixtures with antimicrobial properties that were used in treatments of infections were described over 2000 years ago. Many ancient cultures, including the ancient Egyptians and ancient Greeks, used specially selected mo... | Who came up with the term antibiosis? | {
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786
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"text": [
"Jean Paul Vuillemin"
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5733d3334776f419006612e2 | Antibiotics | The effects of some types of mold on infection had been noticed many times over the course of history (see: History of penicillin). In 1928, Alexander Fleming noticed the same effect in a Petri dish, where a number of disease-causing bacteria were killed by a fungus of the genus Penicillium. Fleming postulated that the... | What type of organism has been reported to have worked on infections? | {
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29
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"mold"
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5733d3334776f419006612e3 | Antibiotics | The effects of some types of mold on infection had been noticed many times over the course of history (see: History of penicillin). In 1928, Alexander Fleming noticed the same effect in a Petri dish, where a number of disease-causing bacteria were killed by a fungus of the genus Penicillium. Fleming postulated that the... | Who noticed in a lab the antibacterial characteristics of mold? | {
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141
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5733d3334776f419006612e4 | Antibiotics | The effects of some types of mold on infection had been noticed many times over the course of history (see: History of penicillin). In 1928, Alexander Fleming noticed the same effect in a Petri dish, where a number of disease-causing bacteria were killed by a fungus of the genus Penicillium. Fleming postulated that the... | What mold did Fleming notice had antibacterial properties? | {
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5733d3334776f419006612e5 | Antibiotics | The effects of some types of mold on infection had been noticed many times over the course of history (see: History of penicillin). In 1928, Alexander Fleming noticed the same effect in a Petri dish, where a number of disease-causing bacteria were killed by a fungus of the genus Penicillium. Fleming postulated that the... | What did Fleming initially think a good use would be for it? | {
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451
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"chemotherapy"
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5733d4364776f419006612f2 | Antibiotics | The first sulfonamide and first commercially available antibacterial, Prontosil, was developed by a research team led by Gerhard Domagk in 1932 at the Bayer Laboratories of the IG Farben conglomerate in Germany. Domagk received the 1939 Nobel Prize for Medicine for his efforts. Prontosil had a relatively broad effect a... | What was the first available antibiotic? | {
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70
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"Prontosil"
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5733d4364776f419006612f3 | Antibiotics | The first sulfonamide and first commercially available antibacterial, Prontosil, was developed by a research team led by Gerhard Domagk in 1932 at the Bayer Laboratories of the IG Farben conglomerate in Germany. Domagk received the 1939 Nobel Prize for Medicine for his efforts. Prontosil had a relatively broad effect a... | What company developed Prontosil? | {
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177
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"IG Farben"
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5733d4364776f419006612f4 | Antibiotics | The first sulfonamide and first commercially available antibacterial, Prontosil, was developed by a research team led by Gerhard Domagk in 1932 at the Bayer Laboratories of the IG Farben conglomerate in Germany. Domagk received the 1939 Nobel Prize for Medicine for his efforts. Prontosil had a relatively broad effect a... | Who led the team that came up with Prontosil? | {
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121
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"Gerhard Domagk"
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} | Who led the team that came up with [MASK]? | [
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5733d4364776f419006612f5 | Antibiotics | The first sulfonamide and first commercially available antibacterial, Prontosil, was developed by a research team led by Gerhard Domagk in 1932 at the Bayer Laboratories of the IG Farben conglomerate in Germany. Domagk received the 1939 Nobel Prize for Medicine for his efforts. Prontosil had a relatively broad effect a... | What prize did Domagk get for his work? | {
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232
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"text": [
"1939 Nobel Prize for Medicine"
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} | What prize did [MASK] get for his work? | [
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5733d4c24776f41900661304 | Antibiotics | In 1939, coinciding with the start of World War II, Rene Dubos reported the discovery of the first naturally derived antibiotic, tyrothricin, a compound of 20% gramicidin and 80% tyrocidine, from B. brevis. It was one of the first commercially manufactured antibiotics universally and was very effective in treating woun... | What was the first antibiotic developed from nature? | {
"answer_start": [
129
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"text": [
"tyrothricin"
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} | What was the [MASK] antibiotic developed from nature? | [
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5733d4c24776f41900661305 | Antibiotics | In 1939, coinciding with the start of World War II, Rene Dubos reported the discovery of the first naturally derived antibiotic, tyrothricin, a compound of 20% gramicidin and 80% tyrocidine, from B. brevis. It was one of the first commercially manufactured antibiotics universally and was very effective in treating woun... | When was tyrothricin created? | {
"answer_start": [
3
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"1939"
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} | When was tyrothricin created? | [
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5733d4c24776f41900661306 | Antibiotics | In 1939, coinciding with the start of World War II, Rene Dubos reported the discovery of the first naturally derived antibiotic, tyrothricin, a compound of 20% gramicidin and 80% tyrocidine, from B. brevis. It was one of the first commercially manufactured antibiotics universally and was very effective in treating woun... | What also happened in 1939 besides tyrothricin? | {
"answer_start": [
29
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"text": [
"start of World War II,"
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} | What also happened in [MASK] besides tyrothricin? | [
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5733d4c24776f41900661307 | Antibiotics | In 1939, coinciding with the start of World War II, Rene Dubos reported the discovery of the first naturally derived antibiotic, tyrothricin, a compound of 20% gramicidin and 80% tyrocidine, from B. brevis. It was one of the first commercially manufactured antibiotics universally and was very effective in treating woun... | Who discovered tyrothricin? | {
"answer_start": [
52
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"text": [
"Rene Dubos"
]
} | Who discovered tyrothricin? | [
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5733d4c24776f41900661308 | Antibiotics | In 1939, coinciding with the start of World War II, Rene Dubos reported the discovery of the first naturally derived antibiotic, tyrothricin, a compound of 20% gramicidin and 80% tyrocidine, from B. brevis. It was one of the first commercially manufactured antibiotics universally and was very effective in treating woun... | What was tyrothricin used for during the war? | {
"answer_start": [
316
],
"text": [
"wounds and ulcers"
]
} | What was tyrothricin used for during the war? | [
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5733d5f24776f41900661314 | Antibiotics | Florey and Chain succeeded in purifying the first penicillin, penicillin G, in 1942, but it did not become widely available outside the Allied military before 1945. Later, Norman Heatley developed the back extraction technique for efficiently purifying penicillin in bulk. The chemical structure of penicillin was determ... | When was penicillin G first purified? | {
"answer_start": [
79
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"text": [
"1942"
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} | When was penicillin G first purified? | [
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5733d5f24776f41900661315 | Antibiotics | Florey and Chain succeeded in purifying the first penicillin, penicillin G, in 1942, but it did not become widely available outside the Allied military before 1945. Later, Norman Heatley developed the back extraction technique for efficiently purifying penicillin in bulk. The chemical structure of penicillin was determ... | When did penicillin G become available outside of military use? | {
"answer_start": [
159
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"text": [
"1945"
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} | When did [MASK] become available outside of military use? | [
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5733d5f24776f41900661316 | Antibiotics | Florey and Chain succeeded in purifying the first penicillin, penicillin G, in 1942, but it did not become widely available outside the Allied military before 1945. Later, Norman Heatley developed the back extraction technique for efficiently purifying penicillin in bulk. The chemical structure of penicillin was determ... | Who came up with a way to quickly produce penicillin? | {
"answer_start": [
172
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"text": [
"Norman Heatley"
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} | Who came up with a way to quickly produce penicillin? | [
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5733d5f24776f41900661317 | Antibiotics | Florey and Chain succeeded in purifying the first penicillin, penicillin G, in 1942, but it did not become widely available outside the Allied military before 1945. Later, Norman Heatley developed the back extraction technique for efficiently purifying penicillin in bulk. The chemical structure of penicillin was determ... | When was the chemical make-up of penicillin discovered? | {
"answer_start": [
356
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"text": [
"1945"
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} | When was the chemical make-up of penicillin discovered? | [
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5733d5f24776f41900661318 | Antibiotics | Florey and Chain succeeded in purifying the first penicillin, penicillin G, in 1942, but it did not become widely available outside the Allied military before 1945. Later, Norman Heatley developed the back extraction technique for efficiently purifying penicillin in bulk. The chemical structure of penicillin was determ... | Who discovered the chemical structure of penicillin? | {
"answer_start": [
328
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"text": [
"Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin"
]
} | Who discovered the chemical structure of penicillin? | [
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5733d670d058e614000b6379 | Antibiotics | Vaccines rely on immune modulation or augmentation. Vaccination either excites or reinforces the immune competence of a host to ward off infection, leading to the activation of macrophages, the production of antibodies, inflammation, and other classic immune reactions. Antibacterial vaccines have been responsible for a... | What do vaccines need to work? | {
"answer_start": [
17
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"text": [
"immune modulation or augmentation"
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} | What do vaccines need to work? | [
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5733d670d058e614000b637a | Antibiotics | Vaccines rely on immune modulation or augmentation. Vaccination either excites or reinforces the immune competence of a host to ward off infection, leading to the activation of macrophages, the production of antibodies, inflammation, and other classic immune reactions. Antibacterial vaccines have been responsible for a... | What type of vaccines have saved millions of lives? | {
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270
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"text": [
"Antibacterial vaccines"
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} | What type of vaccines have saved [MASK] of lives? | [
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5733d670d058e614000b637b | Antibiotics | Vaccines rely on immune modulation or augmentation. Vaccination either excites or reinforces the immune competence of a host to ward off infection, leading to the activation of macrophages, the production of antibodies, inflammation, and other classic immune reactions. Antibacterial vaccines have been responsible for a... | What types of vaccines have been phased out? | {
"answer_start": [
369
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"text": [
"Vaccines made from attenuated whole cells or lysates"
]
} | What types of vaccines have been phased out? | [
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5733d6e64776f41900661328 | Antibiotics | Phage therapy is another option that is being looked into for treating resistant strains of bacteria. The way that researchers are doing this is by infecting pathogenic bacteria with their own viruses, more specifically, bacteriophages. Bacteriophages, also known simply as phages, are precisely bacterial viruses that i... | What has been talked about to treat resistant bacteria? | {
"answer_start": [
0
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"Phage therapy"
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} | What has been talked about to treat resistant bacteria? | [
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5733d6e64776f41900661329 | Antibiotics | Phage therapy is another option that is being looked into for treating resistant strains of bacteria. The way that researchers are doing this is by infecting pathogenic bacteria with their own viruses, more specifically, bacteriophages. Bacteriophages, also known simply as phages, are precisely bacterial viruses that i... | How have researchers been doing this? | {
"answer_start": [
148
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"text": [
"infecting pathogenic bacteria"
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} | How have researchers been doing this? | [
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5733d6e64776f4190066132a | Antibiotics | Phage therapy is another option that is being looked into for treating resistant strains of bacteria. The way that researchers are doing this is by infecting pathogenic bacteria with their own viruses, more specifically, bacteriophages. Bacteriophages, also known simply as phages, are precisely bacterial viruses that i... | What is a worry of using phages? | {
"answer_start": [
801
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"text": [
"phages will infect \"good\" bacteria"
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} | What is a worry of using phages? | [
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5733d88b4776f41900661344 | Antibiotics | In April 2013, the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) reported that the weak antibiotic pipeline does not match bacteria's increasing ability to develop resistance. Since 2009, only 2 new antibiotics were approved in the United States. The number of new antibiotics approved for marketing per year declines con... | How many antibiotics have been created in the last 7 years? | {
"answer_start": [
192
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"2"
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} | How many antibiotics have been created in [MASK]? | [
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5733d88b4776f41900661345 | Antibiotics | In April 2013, the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) reported that the weak antibiotic pipeline does not match bacteria's increasing ability to develop resistance. Since 2009, only 2 new antibiotics were approved in the United States. The number of new antibiotics approved for marketing per year declines con... | How many are in the pipelin to fight GNB? | {
"answer_start": [
353
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"text": [
"seven"
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} | How many are in the pipelin to fight GNB? | [
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5733d88b4776f41900661346 | Antibiotics | In April 2013, the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) reported that the weak antibiotic pipeline does not match bacteria's increasing ability to develop resistance. Since 2009, only 2 new antibiotics were approved in the United States. The number of new antibiotics approved for marketing per year declines con... | What year did the Infectious Disease Society of America say that production of new antibiotics does not keep up with resistance? | {
"answer_start": [
9
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"text": [
"2013"
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} | What year did [MASK] say that production of new antibiotics does not keep up with resistance? | [
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5733d91e4776f4190066134a | Antibiotics | Possible improvements include clarification of clinical trial regulations by FDA. Furthermore, appropriate economic incentives could persuade pharmaceutical companies to invest in this endeavor. Antibiotic Development to Advance Patient Treatment (ADAPT) Act aims to fast track the drug development to combat the growing... | Who regulates antibiotic approval? | {
"answer_start": [
77
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"text": [
"FDA"
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} | Who regulates antibiotic approval? | [
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5733d91e4776f4190066134b | Antibiotics | Possible improvements include clarification of clinical trial regulations by FDA. Furthermore, appropriate economic incentives could persuade pharmaceutical companies to invest in this endeavor. Antibiotic Development to Advance Patient Treatment (ADAPT) Act aims to fast track the drug development to combat the growing... | What could help to spur pharmaceuticals to make new antibiotics? | {
"answer_start": [
107
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"text": [
"economic incentives"
]
} | What could help to spur pharmaceuticals to make new antibiotics? | [
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5733d91e4776f4190066134c | Antibiotics | Possible improvements include clarification of clinical trial regulations by FDA. Furthermore, appropriate economic incentives could persuade pharmaceutical companies to invest in this endeavor. Antibiotic Development to Advance Patient Treatment (ADAPT) Act aims to fast track the drug development to combat the growing... | What are resistant bacteria called in the media? | {
"answer_start": [
332
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"text": [
"superbugs"
]
} | What are resistant bacteria called in the media? | [
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5733d91e4776f4190066134d | Antibiotics | Possible improvements include clarification of clinical trial regulations by FDA. Furthermore, appropriate economic incentives could persuade pharmaceutical companies to invest in this endeavor. Antibiotic Development to Advance Patient Treatment (ADAPT) Act aims to fast track the drug development to combat the growing... | Who is a director at the Pew Charitable Trusts? | {
"answer_start": [
763
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"text": [
"Allan Coukell,"
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} | Who is a director at [MASK]? | [
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56cbd2356d243a140015ed66 | Frédéric_Chopin | Frédéric François Chopin (/ˈʃoʊpæn/; French pronunciation: [fʁe.de.ʁik fʁɑ̃.swa ʃɔ.pɛ̃]; 22 February or 1 March 1810 – 17 October 1849), born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin,[n 1] was a Polish and French (by citizenship and birth of father) composer and a virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era, who wrote primarily for the so... | What was Frédéric's nationalities? | {
"answer_start": [
182
],
"text": [
"Polish and French"
]
} | What was [MASK] 's nationalities? | [
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56cbd2356d243a140015ed67 | Frédéric_Chopin | Frédéric François Chopin (/ˈʃoʊpæn/; French pronunciation: [fʁe.de.ʁik fʁɑ̃.swa ʃɔ.pɛ̃]; 22 February or 1 March 1810 – 17 October 1849), born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin,[n 1] was a Polish and French (by citizenship and birth of father) composer and a virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era, who wrote primarily for the so... | In what era was Frédéric active in? | {
"answer_start": [
276
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"text": [
"Romantic era"
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} | In what era was [MASK] active in? | [
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56cbd2356d243a140015ed68 | Frédéric_Chopin | Frédéric François Chopin (/ˈʃoʊpæn/; French pronunciation: [fʁe.de.ʁik fʁɑ̃.swa ʃɔ.pɛ̃]; 22 February or 1 March 1810 – 17 October 1849), born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin,[n 1] was a Polish and French (by citizenship and birth of father) composer and a virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era, who wrote primarily for the so... | For what instrument did Frédéric write primarily for? | {
"answer_start": [
318
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"text": [
"solo piano"
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56cbd2356d243a140015ed69 | Frédéric_Chopin | Frédéric François Chopin (/ˈʃoʊpæn/; French pronunciation: [fʁe.de.ʁik fʁɑ̃.swa ʃɔ.pɛ̃]; 22 February or 1 March 1810 – 17 October 1849), born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin,[n 1] was a Polish and French (by citizenship and birth of father) composer and a virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era, who wrote primarily for the so... | In what area was Frédéric born in? | {
"answer_start": [
559
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"text": [
"Duchy of Warsaw"
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} | In what area was [MASK] born in? | [
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56cbd2356d243a140015ed6a | Frédéric_Chopin | Frédéric François Chopin (/ˈʃoʊpæn/; French pronunciation: [fʁe.de.ʁik fʁɑ̃.swa ʃɔ.pɛ̃]; 22 February or 1 March 1810 – 17 October 1849), born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin,[n 1] was a Polish and French (by citizenship and birth of father) composer and a virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era, who wrote primarily for the so... | At what age did Frédéric depart from Poland? | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"20"
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} | At what age did [MASK] depart from [MASK]? | [
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56ce0a3762d2951400fa69d6 | Frédéric_Chopin | Frédéric François Chopin (/ˈʃoʊpæn/; French pronunciation: [fʁe.de.ʁik fʁɑ̃.swa ʃɔ.pɛ̃]; 22 February or 1 March 1810 – 17 October 1849), born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin,[n 1] was a Polish and French (by citizenship and birth of father) composer and a virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era, who wrote primarily for the so... | What year was Chopin born? | {
"answer_start": [
113
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"text": [
"1810"
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} | What year was [MASK] born? | [
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56ce0a3762d2951400fa69d7 | Frédéric_Chopin | Frédéric François Chopin (/ˈʃoʊpæn/; French pronunciation: [fʁe.de.ʁik fʁɑ̃.swa ʃɔ.pɛ̃]; 22 February or 1 March 1810 – 17 October 1849), born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin,[n 1] was a Polish and French (by citizenship and birth of father) composer and a virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era, who wrote primarily for the so... | What era was Chopin active during? | {
"answer_start": [
276
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"text": [
"Romantic era"
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} | What era was [MASK] active during? | [
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0.040950145572... | The word "Slavs" was used in the national anthem of the Slovak Republic (1939–1945), Yugoslavia (1943–1992) and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992–2003), later Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006). | At the end of November, Chopin returned to Paris. He passed the winter in unremitting illness, but gave occasional lessons and was visited by friends, including Delacroix and Franchomme. Occasionally he played, or accompanied the singing of Delfina Potocka, for his friends. During the summer of 1849, his friends found ... | Chopin's music remains very popular and is regularly performed, recorded and broadcast worldwide. The world's oldest monographic music competition, the International Chopin Piano Competition, founded in 1927, is held every five years in Warsaw. The Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland lists on its website over eighty so... | Romantic era | 1,489 |
56ce0a3762d2951400fa69d8 | Frédéric_Chopin | Frédéric François Chopin (/ˈʃoʊpæn/; French pronunciation: [fʁe.de.ʁik fʁɑ̃.swa ʃɔ.pɛ̃]; 22 February or 1 March 1810 – 17 October 1849), born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin,[n 1] was a Polish and French (by citizenship and birth of father) composer and a virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era, who wrote primarily for the so... | Where did Chopin grow up? | {
"answer_start": [
568
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"text": [
"Warsaw"
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} | Where did [MASK] grow up? | [
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56ce0a3762d2951400fa69d9 | Frédéric_Chopin | Frédéric François Chopin (/ˈʃoʊpæn/; French pronunciation: [fʁe.de.ʁik fʁɑ̃.swa ʃɔ.pɛ̃]; 22 February or 1 March 1810 – 17 October 1849), born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin,[n 1] was a Polish and French (by citizenship and birth of father) composer and a virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era, who wrote primarily for the so... | What instrument did he mostly compose for? | {
"answer_start": [
318
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"text": [
"solo piano"
]
} | What instrument did he mostly compose for? | [
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56ce0a3762d2951400fa69da | Frédéric_Chopin | Frédéric François Chopin (/ˈʃoʊpæn/; French pronunciation: [fʁe.de.ʁik fʁɑ̃.swa ʃɔ.pɛ̃]; 22 February or 1 March 1810 – 17 October 1849), born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin,[n 1] was a Polish and French (by citizenship and birth of father) composer and a virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era, who wrote primarily for the so... | At what age did Chopin leave Poland? | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"20"
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} | At what age did [MASK] leave [MASK]? | [
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56cf54a2aab44d1400b89006 | Frédéric_Chopin | Frédéric François Chopin (/ˈʃoʊpæn/; French pronunciation: [fʁe.de.ʁik fʁɑ̃.swa ʃɔ.pɛ̃]; 22 February or 1 March 1810 – 17 October 1849), born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin,[n 1] was a Polish and French (by citizenship and birth of father) composer and a virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era, who wrote primarily for the so... | When did Chopin die? | {
"answer_start": [
120
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"text": [
"17 October 1849"
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} | When did [MASK] die? | [
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56cf54a2aab44d1400b89008 | Frédéric_Chopin | Frédéric François Chopin (/ˈʃoʊpæn/; French pronunciation: [fʁe.de.ʁik fʁɑ̃.swa ʃɔ.pɛ̃]; 22 February or 1 March 1810 – 17 October 1849), born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin,[n 1] was a Polish and French (by citizenship and birth of father) composer and a virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era, who wrote primarily for the so... | What was Chopin's full name? | {
"answer_start": [
143
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"text": [
"Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin"
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} | What was [MASK] 's full name? | [
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0.0965664312243461... | The sociology of culture concerns culture—usually understood as the ensemble of symbolic codes used by a society—as manifested in society. For Georg Simmel (1858–1918), culture referred to "the cultivation of individuals through the agency of external forms which have been objectified in the course of history". Culture... | At the end of November, Chopin returned to Paris. He passed the winter in unremitting illness, but gave occasional lessons and was visited by friends, including Delacroix and Franchomme. Occasionally he played, or accompanied the singing of Delfina Potocka, for his friends. During the summer of 1849, his friends found ... | Chopin's output as a composer throughout this period declined in quantity year by year. Whereas in 1841 he had written a dozen works, only six were written in 1842 and six shorter pieces in 1843. In 1844 he wrote only the Op. 58 sonata. 1845 saw the completion of three mazurkas (Op. 59). Although these works were more ... | Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin | 1,494 |
56cf54a2aab44d1400b89009 | Frédéric_Chopin | Frédéric François Chopin (/ˈʃoʊpæn/; French pronunciation: [fʁe.de.ʁik fʁɑ̃.swa ʃɔ.pɛ̃]; 22 February or 1 March 1810 – 17 October 1849), born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin,[n 1] was a Polish and French (by citizenship and birth of father) composer and a virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era, who wrote primarily for the so... | The majority of Chopin's compositions were for what instrument? | {
"answer_start": [
318
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"text": [
"solo piano"
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} | The majority of [MASK] 's compositions were for what instrument? | [
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56cf54a2aab44d1400b8900a | Frédéric_Chopin | Frédéric François Chopin (/ˈʃoʊpæn/; French pronunciation: [fʁe.de.ʁik fʁɑ̃.swa ʃɔ.pɛ̃]; 22 February or 1 March 1810 – 17 October 1849), born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin,[n 1] was a Polish and French (by citizenship and birth of father) composer and a virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era, who wrote primarily for the so... | Chopin was active during what era? | {
"answer_start": [
276
],
"text": [
"Romantic era"
]
} | [MASK] was active during what era? | [
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0.05611135065... | A Misratan militia took Gaddafi prisoner, beating him, causing serious injuries; the events were filmed on a mobile phone. A video appears to picture Gaddafi being poked or stabbed in the rear end "with some kind of stick or knife" or possibly a bayonet. Pulled onto the front of a pick-up truck, he fell off as it drove... | At the end of November, Chopin returned to Paris. He passed the winter in unremitting illness, but gave occasional lessons and was visited by friends, including Delacroix and Franchomme. Occasionally he played, or accompanied the singing of Delfina Potocka, for his friends. During the summer of 1849, his friends found ... | Chopin's music remains very popular and is regularly performed, recorded and broadcast worldwide. The world's oldest monographic music competition, the International Chopin Piano Competition, founded in 1927, is held every five years in Warsaw. The Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland lists on its website over eighty so... | Romantic era | 1,496 |
56d1ca30e7d4791d009021a7 | Frédéric_Chopin | Frédéric François Chopin (/ˈʃoʊpæn/; French pronunciation: [fʁe.de.ʁik fʁɑ̃.swa ʃɔ.pɛ̃]; 22 February or 1 March 1810 – 17 October 1849), born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin,[n 1] was a Polish and French (by citizenship and birth of father) composer and a virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era, who wrote primarily for the so... | In what year was Chopin born? | {
"answer_start": [
113
],
"text": [
"1810"
]
} | In what year was [MASK] born? | [
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0.237355276... | A distinction can be made between emotional episodes and emotional dispositions. Emotional dispositions are also comparable to character traits, where someone may be said to be generally disposed to experience certain emotions. For example, an irritable person is generally disposed to feel irritation more easily or qui... | At the end of November, Chopin returned to Paris. He passed the winter in unremitting illness, but gave occasional lessons and was visited by friends, including Delacroix and Franchomme. Occasionally he played, or accompanied the singing of Delfina Potocka, for his friends. During the summer of 1849, his friends found ... | Although this period had been productive, the bad weather had such a detrimental effect on Chopin's health that Sand determined to leave the island. To avoid further customs duties, Sand sold the piano to a local French couple, the Canuts.[n 8] The group traveled first to Barcelona, then to Marseilles, where they staye... | 1810 | 1,497 |
56d1ca30e7d4791d009021a8 | Frédéric_Chopin | Frédéric François Chopin (/ˈʃoʊpæn/; French pronunciation: [fʁe.de.ʁik fʁɑ̃.swa ʃɔ.pɛ̃]; 22 February or 1 March 1810 – 17 October 1849), born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin,[n 1] was a Polish and French (by citizenship and birth of father) composer and a virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era, who wrote primarily for the so... | In what city was Chopin born and raised? | {
"answer_start": [
568
],
"text": [
"Warsaw"
]
} | In what city was [MASK] born and raised? | [
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56d1ca30e7d4791d009021a9 | Frédéric_Chopin | Frédéric François Chopin (/ˈʃoʊpæn/; French pronunciation: [fʁe.de.ʁik fʁɑ̃.swa ʃɔ.pɛ̃]; 22 February or 1 March 1810 – 17 October 1849), born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin,[n 1] was a Polish and French (by citizenship and birth of father) composer and a virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era, who wrote primarily for the so... | How old was Chopin when he left Poland? | {
"answer_start": [
777
],
"text": [
"20"
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} | How old was [MASK] when he left [MASK]? | [
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56d1ca30e7d4791d009021aa | Frédéric_Chopin | Frédéric François Chopin (/ˈʃoʊpæn/; French pronunciation: [fʁe.de.ʁik fʁɑ̃.swa ʃɔ.pɛ̃]; 22 February or 1 March 1810 – 17 October 1849), born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin,[n 1] was a Polish and French (by citizenship and birth of father) composer and a virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era, who wrote primarily for the so... | In what era of music did Chopin compose? | {
"answer_start": [
276
],
"text": [
"Romantic"
]
} | In what era of music did [MASK] compose? | [
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56d1ca30e7d4791d009021ab | Frédéric_Chopin | Frédéric François Chopin (/ˈʃoʊpæn/; French pronunciation: [fʁe.de.ʁik fʁɑ̃.swa ʃɔ.pɛ̃]; 22 February or 1 March 1810 – 17 October 1849), born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin,[n 1] was a Polish and French (by citizenship and birth of father) composer and a virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era, who wrote primarily for the so... | What year did Chopin die? | {
"answer_start": [
131
],
"text": [
"1849"
]
} | What year did [MASK] die? | [
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0.24133734... | Green and the CPI further noted another exploit of the ESA in their discussion of the critically endangered cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus). Not only had they found documentation that 151 of these primates had inadvertently made their way from the Harvard-affiliated New England Regional Primate Research Center in... | Chopin's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians. Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann. Elements of Chopin's music can be traced in many of Liszt's later works. Liszt later transcribed for pi... | Chopin took the new salon genre of the nocturne, invented by the Irish composer John Field, to a deeper level of sophistication. He was the first to write ballades and scherzi as individual concert pieces. He essentially established a new genre with his own set of free-standing preludes (Op. 28, published 1839). He exp... | 1849 | 1,501 |
56cbd2f96d243a140015ed70 | Frédéric_Chopin | At the age of 21 he settled in Paris. Thereafter, during the last 18 years of his life, he gave only some 30 public performances, preferring the more intimate atmosphere of the salon. He supported himself by selling his compositions and teaching piano, for which he was in high demand. Chopin formed a friendship with Fr... | At what age did Frédéric move to Paris? | {
"answer_start": [
14
],
"text": [
"21"
]
} | At what age did [MASK] move to [MASK]? | [
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56cbd2f96d243a140015ed71 | Frédéric_Chopin | At the age of 21 he settled in Paris. Thereafter, during the last 18 years of his life, he gave only some 30 public performances, preferring the more intimate atmosphere of the salon. He supported himself by selling his compositions and teaching piano, for which he was in high demand. Chopin formed a friendship with Fr... | How many public performances was Frédéric estimated to have given during the remainder of his life? | {
"answer_start": [
106
],
"text": [
"30"
]
} | How many public performances was [MASK] estimated to have given during the remainder of his life? | [
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-0.213844850659... | As the Laws were formulated in England, and were initially administered solely by the four British football associations within IFAB, the standard dimensions of a football pitch were originally expressed in imperial units. The Laws now express dimensions with approximate metric equivalents (followed by traditional unit... | Some of his friends provided music at his request; among them, Potocka sang and Franchomme played the cello. Chopin requested that his body be opened after death (for fear of being buried alive) and his heart returned to Warsaw where it rests at the Church of the Holy Cross. He also bequeathed his unfinished notes on a... | Some of his friends provided music at his request; among them, Potocka sang and Franchomme played the cello. Chopin requested that his body be opened after death (for fear of being buried alive) and his heart returned to Warsaw where it rests at the Church of the Holy Cross. He also bequeathed his unfinished notes on a... | 30 | 1,503 |
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