id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 4.06k | question stringlengths 1 25.7k | answers dict | masked_query stringlengths 1 25.7k | query_embedding list | random_answer stringlengths 151 4.06k | similar_answer stringlengths 152 4.06k | similar_answer_v2 stringlengths 151 4.06k ⌀ | answer stringlengths 1 239 | __index_level_0__ int64 0 98.2k |
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56ce3d3aaab44d1400b885ec | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Meanwhile, the Tumed Mongols began moving into the Kokonor region (modern Qinghai), raiding the Ming Chinese frontier and even as far as the suburbs of Beijing under Altan Khan (1507–1582). Klieger writes that Altan Khan's presence in the west effectively reduced Ming influence and contact with Tibet. After Altan Khan ... | The presence of the Altan Khan in the west reduced whos influence? | {
"answer_start": [
92
],
"text": [
"the Ming"
]
} | The presence of [MASK] in the west reduced who s influence? | [
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0.036490... | During the Risorgimento, proponents of Italian republicanism and Italian nationalism, such as Alessandro Manzoni, stressed the importance of establishing a uniform national language in order to better create an Italian national identity. With the unification of Italy in the 1860s, standard Italian became the official n... | Chen states that the fourth Dalai Lama Yonten Gyatso was granted the title "Master of Vajradhara" and an official seal by the Wanli Emperor in 1616. This was noted in the Biography of the Fourth Dalai Lama, which stated that one Soinam Lozui delivered the seal of the Emperor to the Dalai Lama. The Wanli Emperor had inv... | Genghis Khan united the Mongol and Turkic tribes of the steppes and became Great Khan in 1206. He and his successors expanded the Mongol empire across Asia. Under the reign of Genghis' third son, Ögedei Khan, the Mongols destroyed the weakened Jin dynasty in 1234, conquering most of northern China. Ögedei offered his n... | the Ming | 2,417 |
56ce3d3aaab44d1400b885ed | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Meanwhile, the Tumed Mongols began moving into the Kokonor region (modern Qinghai), raiding the Ming Chinese frontier and even as far as the suburbs of Beijing under Altan Khan (1507–1582). Klieger writes that Altan Khan's presence in the west effectively reduced Ming influence and contact with Tibet. After Altan Khan ... | When did Altan Khan make peace with the Ming dynasty? | {
"answer_start": [
356
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"1571"
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} | When did [MASK] make peace with the [MASK] dynasty? | [
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0.1699381... | Bell and his partners, Hubbard and Sanders, offered to sell the patent outright to Western Union for $100,000. The president of Western Union balked, countering that the telephone was nothing but a toy. Two years later, he told colleagues that if he could get the patent for $25 million he would consider it a bargain. B... | Chen states that the fourth Dalai Lama Yonten Gyatso was granted the title "Master of Vajradhara" and an official seal by the Wanli Emperor in 1616. This was noted in the Biography of the Fourth Dalai Lama, which stated that one Soinam Lozui delivered the seal of the Emperor to the Dalai Lama. The Wanli Emperor had inv... | Between 1346 and 1354, Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen toppled the Sakya and founded the Phagmodrupa Dynasty. The following 80 years saw the founding of the Gelug school (also known as Yellow Hats) by the disciples of Je Tsongkhapa, and the founding of the important Ganden, Drepung and Sera monasteries near Lhasa. However,... | 1571 | 2,418 |
56ce3d3aaab44d1400b885ee | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Meanwhile, the Tumed Mongols began moving into the Kokonor region (modern Qinghai), raiding the Ming Chinese frontier and even as far as the suburbs of Beijing under Altan Khan (1507–1582). Klieger writes that Altan Khan's presence in the west effectively reduced Ming influence and contact with Tibet. After Altan Khan ... | Who did Altan Khan invite to meet him in Amdo? | {
"answer_start": [
373
],
"text": [
"the third hierarch of the Gelug—Sönam Gyatso"
]
} | Who did [MASK] invite to meet him in [MASK]? | [
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-0.1787383556... | Often, large multinational corporations exhibit vertical integration, participating in a broad range of drug discovery and development, manufacturing and quality control, marketing, sales, and distribution. Smaller organizations, on the other hand, often focus on a specific aspect such as discovering drug candidates or... | Chen states that the fourth Dalai Lama Yonten Gyatso was granted the title "Master of Vajradhara" and an official seal by the Wanli Emperor in 1616. This was noted in the Biography of the Fourth Dalai Lama, which stated that one Soinam Lozui delivered the seal of the Emperor to the Dalai Lama. The Wanli Emperor had inv... | As a result, by 1206 Temüjin had managed to unite or subdue the Merkits, Naimans, Mongols, Keraites, Tatars, Uyghurs, and other disparate smaller tribes under his rule. It was a monumental feat for the "Mongols" (as they became known collectively). At a Khuruldai, a council of Mongol chiefs, Temüjin was acknowledged as... | the third hierarch of the Gelug—Sönam Gyatso | 2,419 |
56ce3ed1aab44d1400b885fe | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Laird writes that Altan Khan abolished the native Mongol practices of shamanism and blood sacrifice, while the Mongol princes and subjects were coerced by Altan to convert to Gelug Buddhism—or face execution if they persisted in their shamanistic ways. Committed to their religious leader, Mongol princes began requestin... | What practice did Altan Khan put to an end? | {
"answer_start": [
39
],
"text": [
"the native Mongol practices of shamanism and blood sacrifice"
]
} | What practice did [MASK] put to an end? | [
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56ce3ed1aab44d1400b885ff | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Laird writes that Altan Khan abolished the native Mongol practices of shamanism and blood sacrifice, while the Mongol princes and subjects were coerced by Altan to convert to Gelug Buddhism—or face execution if they persisted in their shamanistic ways. Committed to their religious leader, Mongol princes began requestin... | Who did Altan Khan persuade to convert to Gelug Buddhism? | {
"answer_start": [
107
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"text": [
"the Mongol princes and subjects"
]
} | Who did [MASK] persuade to convert to [MASK] Buddhism? | [
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56ce3ed1aab44d1400b88600 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Laird writes that Altan Khan abolished the native Mongol practices of shamanism and blood sacrifice, while the Mongol princes and subjects were coerced by Altan to convert to Gelug Buddhism—or face execution if they persisted in their shamanistic ways. Committed to their religious leader, Mongol princes began requestin... | What did Altan Khan threaten the Mongol princes and subjects with if they did not convert? | {
"answer_start": [
198
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"execution"
]
} | What did [MASK] threaten the [MASK] princes and subjects with if they did not convert? | [
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0.06607188284397... | As of 21 February 2016[update] Spectre has grossed $879.3 million worldwide; $138.1 million of the takings have been generated from the UK market and $199.8 million from North America. | Nevertheless, the ethno-geographic caste hierarchy favoring the Mongols and other ethnicities were accorded higher status than the Han Chinese majority. Although Han Chinese who were recruited as advisers were often actually more influential than high officials, their status was not as well defined. Kublai also abolish... | Patricia Ebrey writes that Tibet, like Joseon Korea and other neighboring states to the Ming, settled for its tributary status while there were no troops or governors of Ming China stationed in its territory. Laird writes that "after the Mongol troops left Tibet, no Ming troops replaced them." Wang and Nyima state that... | execution | 2,422 |
56ce3ed1aab44d1400b88601 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Laird writes that Altan Khan abolished the native Mongol practices of shamanism and blood sacrifice, while the Mongol princes and subjects were coerced by Altan to convert to Gelug Buddhism—or face execution if they persisted in their shamanistic ways. Committed to their religious leader, Mongol princes began requestin... | Who did the Mongol princes ask to grant them titles? | {
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322
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"the Dalai Lama"
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} | Who did the [MASK] princes ask to grant them titles? | [
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0.0682344734668731... | Orange County is a rapidly developing business center that includes Downtown Santa Ana, the South Coast Metro and Newport Center districts; as well as the Irvine business centers of The Irvine Spectrum, West Irvine, and international corporations headquartered at the University of California, Irvine. West Irvine includ... | Nevertheless, the ethno-geographic caste hierarchy favoring the Mongols and other ethnicities were accorded higher status than the Han Chinese majority. Although Han Chinese who were recruited as advisers were often actually more influential than high officials, their status was not as well defined. Kublai also abolish... | The Ming court appointed three Princes of Dharma (法王) and five Princes (王), and granted many other titles, such as Grand State Tutors (大國師) and State Tutors (國師), to the important schools of Tibetan Buddhism, including the Karma Kagyu, Sakya, and Gelug. According to Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain, leading officials of... | the Dalai Lama | 2,423 |
56ce3ed1aab44d1400b88602 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Laird writes that Altan Khan abolished the native Mongol practices of shamanism and blood sacrifice, while the Mongol princes and subjects were coerced by Altan to convert to Gelug Buddhism—or face execution if they persisted in their shamanistic ways. Committed to their religious leader, Mongol princes began requestin... | Why did the Mongol princes ask for titles? | {
"answer_start": [
253
],
"text": [
"Committed to their religious leader"
]
} | Why did the [MASK] princes ask for titles? | [
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0.08398891240358... | In Hindu mythology, Yama, the god of death owns two watch dogs who have four eyes. They are said to watch over the gates of Naraka. Hunter god Muthappan from North Malabar region of Kerala has a hunting dog as his mount. Dogs are found in and out of the Muthappan Temple and offerings at the shrine take the form of bron... | Nevertheless, the ethno-geographic caste hierarchy favoring the Mongols and other ethnicities were accorded higher status than the Han Chinese majority. Although Han Chinese who were recruited as advisers were often actually more influential than high officials, their status was not as well defined. Kublai also abolish... | Meanwhile, the Tumed Mongols began moving into the Kokonor region (modern Qinghai), raiding the Ming Chinese frontier and even as far as the suburbs of Beijing under Altan Khan (1507–1582). Klieger writes that Altan Khan's presence in the west effectively reduced Ming influence and contact with Tibet. After Altan Khan ... | Committed to their religious leader | 2,424 |
56ce4100aab44d1400b88612 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Rawski writes that Altan Khan's conversion to the Gelug "can be interpreted as an attempt to expand his authority in his conflict with his nominal superior, Tümen Khan." To further cement the Mongol-Tibetan alliance, the great-grandson of Altan Khan—the 4th Dalai Lama (1589–1616)—was made the fourth Dalai Lama. In 1642... | Who was Altan Khan's nominal superior? | {
"answer_start": [
157
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"text": [
"Tümen Khan"
]
} | Who was [MASK] nominal superior? | [
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56ce4100aab44d1400b88613 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Rawski writes that Altan Khan's conversion to the Gelug "can be interpreted as an attempt to expand his authority in his conflict with his nominal superior, Tümen Khan." To further cement the Mongol-Tibetan alliance, the great-grandson of Altan Khan—the 4th Dalai Lama (1589–1616)—was made the fourth Dalai Lama. In 1642... | To make the Mongol-Tibetan alliance stronger who became the 4th Dalai Lama? | {
"answer_start": [
217
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"text": [
"the great-grandson of Altan Khan"
]
} | To make the [MASK]- Tibetan alliance stronger who became the [MASK] Dalai Lama? | [
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56ce4100aab44d1400b88614 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Rawski writes that Altan Khan's conversion to the Gelug "can be interpreted as an attempt to expand his authority in his conflict with his nominal superior, Tümen Khan." To further cement the Mongol-Tibetan alliance, the great-grandson of Altan Khan—the 4th Dalai Lama (1589–1616)—was made the fourth Dalai Lama. In 1642... | Who was the first Dalai Lama to have political control over Tibet? | {
"answer_start": [
322
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"text": [
"the 5th Dalai Lama"
]
} | Who was the [MASK] Dalai Lama to have political control over [MASK]? | [
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56ce4100aab44d1400b88615 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Rawski writes that Altan Khan's conversion to the Gelug "can be interpreted as an attempt to expand his authority in his conflict with his nominal superior, Tümen Khan." To further cement the Mongol-Tibetan alliance, the great-grandson of Altan Khan—the 4th Dalai Lama (1589–1616)—was made the fourth Dalai Lama. In 1642... | When did the 5th Dalai Lama gain political control over Tibet? | {
"answer_start": [
313
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"In 1642"
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} | When did the [MASK] Dalai Lama gain political control over [MASK]? | [
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56ce42afaab44d1400b88620 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Sonam Gyatso, after being granted the grandiose title by Altan Khan, departed for Tibet. Before he left, he sent a letter and gifts to the Ming Chinese official Zhang Juzheng (1525–1582), which arrived on March 12, 1579. Sometime in August or September of that year, Sonam Gyatso's representative stationed with Altan Kh... | Who was given the grandiose title? | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"Sonam Gyatso"
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} | Who was given the grandiose title? | [
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0.35884916... | New York's airspace is the busiest in the United States and one of the world's busiest air transportation corridors. The three busiest airports in the New York metropolitan area include John F. Kennedy International Airport, Newark Liberty International Airport, and LaGuardia Airport; 109 million travelers used these t... | Some scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the ... | According to Chen, the Ming officer of Hezhou (modern day Linxia) informed the Hongwu Emperor that the general situation in Dbus and Gtsang "was under control," and so he suggested to the emperor that he offer the second Phagmodru ruler, Jamyang Shakya Gyaltsen, an official title. According to the Records of the Foundi... | Sonam Gyatso | 2,429 |
56ce42afaab44d1400b88621 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Sonam Gyatso, after being granted the grandiose title by Altan Khan, departed for Tibet. Before he left, he sent a letter and gifts to the Ming Chinese official Zhang Juzheng (1525–1582), which arrived on March 12, 1579. Sometime in August or September of that year, Sonam Gyatso's representative stationed with Altan Kh... | Who granted Sonam Gyatso the title of grandiose? | {
"answer_start": [
57
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"text": [
"Altan Khan"
]
} | Who granted [MASK] the title of grandiose? | [
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0.3083201646804... | Adult contemporary music (AC) is a style of music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, rhythm and blues, quiet storm, and rock influence. Adult contemporary is rather a continuation of the easy list... | Some scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the ... | The Mongol prince Godan, a grandson of Genghis Khan, raided as far as Lhasa. During his attack in 1240, Prince Godan summoned Sakya Pandita (1182–1251), leader of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, to his court in what is now Gansu in Western China. With Sakya Pandita's submission to Godan in 1247, Tibet was officia... | Altan Khan | 2,430 |
56ce42afaab44d1400b88622 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Sonam Gyatso, after being granted the grandiose title by Altan Khan, departed for Tibet. Before he left, he sent a letter and gifts to the Ming Chinese official Zhang Juzheng (1525–1582), which arrived on March 12, 1579. Sometime in August or September of that year, Sonam Gyatso's representative stationed with Altan Kh... | Who did Sonam Gyatso send gifts to? | {
"answer_start": [
161
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"text": [
"Zhang Juzheng"
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} | Who did [MASK] send gifts to? | [
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56ce42afaab44d1400b88623 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Sonam Gyatso, after being granted the grandiose title by Altan Khan, departed for Tibet. Before he left, he sent a letter and gifts to the Ming Chinese official Zhang Juzheng (1525–1582), which arrived on March 12, 1579. Sometime in August or September of that year, Sonam Gyatso's representative stationed with Altan Kh... | Who was the Ming Chinese official? | {
"answer_start": [
161
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"text": [
"Zhang Juzheng"
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} | Who was the [MASK] [MASK] official? | [
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56ce42afaab44d1400b88624 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Sonam Gyatso, after being granted the grandiose title by Altan Khan, departed for Tibet. Before he left, he sent a letter and gifts to the Ming Chinese official Zhang Juzheng (1525–1582), which arrived on March 12, 1579. Sometime in August or September of that year, Sonam Gyatso's representative stationed with Altan Kh... | Where did Sonam Gyatso die? | {
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1050
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"Mongolia"
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} | Where did [MASK] die? | [
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0.080862753... | At the same conference, Marshall Sahlins presented a paper entitled, "Notes on the Original Affluent Society", in which he challenged the popular view of hunter-gatherers lives as "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short," as Thomas Hobbes had put it in 1651. According to Sahlins, ethnographic data indicated that hunt... | Some scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the ... | The Mongol prince Godan, a grandson of Genghis Khan, raided as far as Lhasa. During his attack in 1240, Prince Godan summoned Sakya Pandita (1182–1251), leader of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, to his court in what is now Gansu in Western China. With Sakya Pandita's submission to Godan in 1247, Tibet was officia... | Mongolia | 2,433 |
56ce43ebaab44d1400b88632 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Of the third Dalai Lama, China Daily states that the "Ming dynasty showed him special favor by allowing him to pay tribute." China Daily then says that Sonam Gyatso was granted the title Dorjichang or Vajradhara Dalai Lama in 1587 [sic!], but China Daily does not mention who granted him the title. Without mentioning th... | Who did the Ming dynasty showed favors to? | {
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3
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"the third Dalai Lama"
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} | Who did the [MASK] dynasty showed favors to? | [
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56ce43ebaab44d1400b88633 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Of the third Dalai Lama, China Daily states that the "Ming dynasty showed him special favor by allowing him to pay tribute." China Daily then says that Sonam Gyatso was granted the title Dorjichang or Vajradhara Dalai Lama in 1587 [sic!], but China Daily does not mention who granted him the title. Without mentioning th... | What was the the third Dalai Lama allowed to do? | {
"answer_start": [
111
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"text": [
"pay tribute"
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} | What was the the [MASK] Dalai Lama allowed to do? | [
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56ce43ebaab44d1400b88634 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Of the third Dalai Lama, China Daily states that the "Ming dynasty showed him special favor by allowing him to pay tribute." China Daily then says that Sonam Gyatso was granted the title Dorjichang or Vajradhara Dalai Lama in 1587 [sic!], but China Daily does not mention who granted him the title. Without mentioning th... | What title was Sonam Gyatso granted in 1587? | {
"answer_start": [
177
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"text": [
"the title Dorjichang or Vajradhara Dalai Lama"
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} | What title was [MASK] granted in [MASK]? | [
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56ce43ebaab44d1400b88635 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Of the third Dalai Lama, China Daily states that the "Ming dynasty showed him special favor by allowing him to pay tribute." China Daily then says that Sonam Gyatso was granted the title Dorjichang or Vajradhara Dalai Lama in 1587 [sic!], but China Daily does not mention who granted him the title. Without mentioning th... | In 1653 who did the Qing emperor grant a title to? | {
"answer_start": [
525
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"text": [
"the fifth Dalai Lama"
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} | In [MASK] who did the [MASK] emperor grant a title to? | [
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56ce43ebaab44d1400b88636 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Of the third Dalai Lama, China Daily states that the "Ming dynasty showed him special favor by allowing him to pay tribute." China Daily then says that Sonam Gyatso was granted the title Dorjichang or Vajradhara Dalai Lama in 1587 [sic!], but China Daily does not mention who granted him the title. Without mentioning th... | In 1713 who did the Qing emperor grant a title to? | {
"answer_start": [
572
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"text": [
"the fifth Panchen Lama"
]
} | In [MASK] who did the Qing emperor grant a title to? | [
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56ce451caab44d1400b8863c | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Chen states that the fourth Dalai Lama Yonten Gyatso was granted the title "Master of Vajradhara" and an official seal by the Wanli Emperor in 1616. This was noted in the Biography of the Fourth Dalai Lama, which stated that one Soinam Lozui delivered the seal of the Emperor to the Dalai Lama. The Wanli Emperor had inv... | What title was the fourth Dalai Lama granted? | {
"answer_start": [
76
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"Master of Vajradhara"
]
} | What title was the [MASK] Dalai Lama granted? | [
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56ce451caab44d1400b8863d | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Chen states that the fourth Dalai Lama Yonten Gyatso was granted the title "Master of Vajradhara" and an official seal by the Wanli Emperor in 1616. This was noted in the Biography of the Fourth Dalai Lama, which stated that one Soinam Lozui delivered the seal of the Emperor to the Dalai Lama. The Wanli Emperor had inv... | Who was the fourth Dalai Lama? | {
"answer_start": [
39
],
"text": [
"Yonten Gyatso"
]
} | Who was the [MASK] Dalai Lama? | [
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56ce451caab44d1400b8863e | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Chen states that the fourth Dalai Lama Yonten Gyatso was granted the title "Master of Vajradhara" and an official seal by the Wanli Emperor in 1616. This was noted in the Biography of the Fourth Dalai Lama, which stated that one Soinam Lozui delivered the seal of the Emperor to the Dalai Lama. The Wanli Emperor had inv... | When did the Wanli Emperor grant the title Master of Vajradhara to Yonten Gyatso? | {
"answer_start": [
143
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"text": [
"1616"
]
} | When did [MASK] grant the title Master of [MASK] to [MASK]? | [
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56ce451caab44d1400b8863f | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Chen states that the fourth Dalai Lama Yonten Gyatso was granted the title "Master of Vajradhara" and an official seal by the Wanli Emperor in 1616. This was noted in the Biography of the Fourth Dalai Lama, which stated that one Soinam Lozui delivered the seal of the Emperor to the Dalai Lama. The Wanli Emperor had inv... | Who did the Wanli Emperor invite to Beijing in 1616? | {
"answer_start": [
39
],
"text": [
"Yonten Gyatso"
]
} | Who did the Wanli Emperor invite to [MASK] in [MASK]? | [
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-0.199369952... | In recent Mercer’s 2015 annual quality-of-living survey, New Delhi ranks at number 154 out of 230 cities due to bad air quality and pollution. The World Health Organization ranked New Delhi as the world’s worst polluted city in 2014 among about 1,600 cities the organization tracked around the world. | Rawski writes that Altan Khan's conversion to the Gelug "can be interpreted as an attempt to expand his authority in his conflict with his nominal superior, Tümen Khan." To further cement the Mongol-Tibetan alliance, the great-grandson of Altan Khan—the 4th Dalai Lama (1589–1616)—was made the fourth Dalai Lama. In 1642... | In addition to tributary relations with the Kushans, the Han Empire received gifts from the Parthian Empire, from a king in modern Burma, from a ruler in Japan, and initiated an unsuccessful mission to Daqin (Rome) in AD 97 with Gan Ying as emissary. A Roman embassy of Emperor Marcus Aurelius (r. 161–180 AD) is recorde... | Yonten Gyatso | 2,442 |
56ce451caab44d1400b88640 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Chen states that the fourth Dalai Lama Yonten Gyatso was granted the title "Master of Vajradhara" and an official seal by the Wanli Emperor in 1616. This was noted in the Biography of the Fourth Dalai Lama, which stated that one Soinam Lozui delivered the seal of the Emperor to the Dalai Lama. The Wanli Emperor had inv... | Why didn't Yonten Gyatso make it to Beijing? | {
"answer_start": [
389
],
"text": [
"he died"
]
} | Why did n't [MASK] make it to [MASK]? | [
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0.0658231303095... | In addition to the true folded mountains, known as the ridge and valley province, the area of dissected plateau to the north and west of the mountains is usually grouped with the Appalachians. This includes the Catskill Mountains of southeastern New York, the Poconos in Pennsylvania, and the Allegheny Plateau of southw... | Rawski writes that Altan Khan's conversion to the Gelug "can be interpreted as an attempt to expand his authority in his conflict with his nominal superior, Tümen Khan." To further cement the Mongol-Tibetan alliance, the great-grandson of Altan Khan—the 4th Dalai Lama (1589–1616)—was made the fourth Dalai Lama. In 1642... | The Ming dynasty granted titles to lamas of schools such as the Karmapa Kargyu, but the latter had previously declined Mongol invitations to receive titles. When the Ming Yongle Emperor invited Je Tsongkhapa (1357–1419), founder of the Gelug school, to come to the Ming court and pay tribute, the latter declined. Wang a... | he died | 2,443 |
56ce4821aab44d1400b88656 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Kolmaš writes that, as the Mongol presence in Tibet increased, culminating in the conquest of Tibet by a Mongol leader in 1642, the Ming emperors "viewed with apparent unconcern these developments in Tibet." He adds that the Ming court's lack of concern for Tibet was one of the reasons why the Mongols pounced on the ch... | Who's presence increased in Tibet? | {
"answer_start": [
291
],
"text": [
"the Mongols"
]
} | Who 's presence increased in [MASK]? | [
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0.0839954987168... | A reconciliation of these views is suggested by William Atwood: "Undoubtedly [Chopin's] use of traditional musical forms like the polonaise and mazurka roused nationalistic sentiments and a sense of cohesiveness amongst those Poles scattered across Europe and the New World ... While some sought solace in [them], others... | Chen Qingying, Professor of History and Director of the History Studies Institute under the China Tibetology Research Center in Beijing, writes that the Ming court conferred new official positions on ex-Yuan Tibetan leaders of the Phachu Kargyu and granted them lower-ranking positions. Of the county (zong or dzong) lea... | Laird writes that Altan Khan abolished the native Mongol practices of shamanism and blood sacrifice, while the Mongol princes and subjects were coerced by Altan to convert to Gelug Buddhism—or face execution if they persisted in their shamanistic ways. Committed to their religious leader, Mongol princes began requestin... | the Mongols | 2,444 |
56ce4821aab44d1400b88657 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Kolmaš writes that, as the Mongol presence in Tibet increased, culminating in the conquest of Tibet by a Mongol leader in 1642, the Ming emperors "viewed with apparent unconcern these developments in Tibet." He adds that the Ming court's lack of concern for Tibet was one of the reasons why the Mongols pounced on the ch... | What were the Mongols trying to reclaim? | {
"answer_start": [
336
],
"text": [
"their old vassal of Tibet"
]
} | What were the [MASK] trying to reclaim? | [
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56ce4821aab44d1400b88658 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Kolmaš writes that, as the Mongol presence in Tibet increased, culminating in the conquest of Tibet by a Mongol leader in 1642, the Ming emperors "viewed with apparent unconcern these developments in Tibet." He adds that the Ming court's lack of concern for Tibet was one of the reasons why the Mongols pounced on the ch... | When did the conquest of Tibet reach its peak? | {
"answer_start": [
122
],
"text": [
"1642"
]
} | When did the conquest of [MASK] reach its peak? | [
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0.115308851... | One of the league's early success stories was the Detroit Drive. A primary team for some of the AFL's most highly regarded players, including George LaFrance and Gary and Alvin Rettig, as well as being a second career chance for quarterback Art Schlichter, the Drive regularly played before sold out crowds at Joe Louis ... | Chen Qingying, Professor of History and Director of the History Studies Institute under the China Tibetology Research Center in Beijing, writes that the Ming court conferred new official positions on ex-Yuan Tibetan leaders of the Phachu Kargyu and granted them lower-ranking positions. Of the county (zong or dzong) lea... | Tsai writes that shortly after the visit by Deshin Shekpa, the Yongle Emperor ordered the construction of a road and of trading posts in the upper reaches of the Yangzi and Mekong Rivers in order to facilitate trade with Tibet in tea, horses, and salt. The trade route passed through Sichuan and crossed Shangri-La Count... | 1642 | 2,446 |
56ce4821aab44d1400b88659 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Kolmaš writes that, as the Mongol presence in Tibet increased, culminating in the conquest of Tibet by a Mongol leader in 1642, the Ming emperors "viewed with apparent unconcern these developments in Tibet." He adds that the Ming court's lack of concern for Tibet was one of the reasons why the Mongols pounced on the ch... | Who's lack of concern helped the Mongols jump at a chance to reclaim their old vassal of Tibet? | {
"answer_start": [
221
],
"text": [
"the Ming court"
]
} | Who 's lack of concern helped the [MASK] jump at a chance to reclaim their old vassal of [MASK]? | [
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56ce4a58aab44d1400b88668 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | In 1565, the powerful Rinbung princes were overthrown by one of their own ministers, Karma Tseten who styled himself as the Tsangpa, "the one of Tsang", and established his base of power at Shigatse. The second successor of this first Tsang king, Karma Phuntsok Namgyal, took control of the whole of Central Tibet (Ü-Tsa... | When were the Rinbung princes overthrown? | {
"answer_start": [
3
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"text": [
"1565"
]
} | When were the [MASK] princes overthrown? | [
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0.18405069410... | Federalism is one of the entrenched constitutional principles of Germany. According to the German constitution (called Grundgesetz or in English Basic Law), some topics, such as foreign affairs and defense, are the exclusive responsibility of the federation (i.e., the federal level), while others fall under the shared ... | The 5th Dalai Lama is known for unifying the Tibetan heartland under the control of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism, after defeating the rival Kagyu and Jonang sects and the secular ruler, the Tsangpa prince, in a prolonged civil war. His efforts were successful in part because of aid from Güshi Khan, the Oirat le... | When the Dzungar Mongols attempted to spread their territory from what is now Xinjiang into Tibet, the Kangxi Emperor (r. 1661–1722) responded to Tibetan pleas for aid with his own expedition to Tibet, occupying Lhasa in 1720. By 1751, during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor (r. 1735–1796), a protectorate and permanen... | 1565 | 2,448 |
56ce4a58aab44d1400b88669 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | In 1565, the powerful Rinbung princes were overthrown by one of their own ministers, Karma Tseten who styled himself as the Tsangpa, "the one of Tsang", and established his base of power at Shigatse. The second successor of this first Tsang king, Karma Phuntsok Namgyal, took control of the whole of Central Tibet (Ü-Tsa... | Who took control of the whole of Central Tibet? | {
"answer_start": [
247
],
"text": [
"Karma Phuntsok Namgyal"
]
} | Who took control of the whole of [MASK]? | [
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56ce4a58aab44d1400b8866a | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | In 1565, the powerful Rinbung princes were overthrown by one of their own ministers, Karma Tseten who styled himself as the Tsangpa, "the one of Tsang", and established his base of power at Shigatse. The second successor of this first Tsang king, Karma Phuntsok Namgyal, took control of the whole of Central Tibet (Ü-Tsa... | When did Karma Phuntsok Namgyal reign? | {
"answer_start": [
339
],
"text": [
"1611–1621"
]
} | When did [MASK] reign? | [
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56ce4a58aab44d1400b8866b | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | In 1565, the powerful Rinbung princes were overthrown by one of their own ministers, Karma Tseten who styled himself as the Tsangpa, "the one of Tsang", and established his base of power at Shigatse. The second successor of this first Tsang king, Karma Phuntsok Namgyal, took control of the whole of Central Tibet (Ü-Tsa... | Who did Ü-Tsang king have an alliance with? | {
"answer_start": [
490
],
"text": [
"the Karmapa"
]
} | Who did [MASK] king have an alliance with? | [
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56ce4a58aab44d1400b8866c | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | In 1565, the powerful Rinbung princes were overthrown by one of their own ministers, Karma Tseten who styled himself as the Tsangpa, "the one of Tsang", and established his base of power at Shigatse. The second successor of this first Tsang king, Karma Phuntsok Namgyal, took control of the whole of Central Tibet (Ü-Tsa... | Who refused an audience with the Ü-Tsang king? | {
"answer_start": [
623
],
"text": [
"The fourth Dalai Lama"
]
} | Who refused an audience with the [MASK] king? | [
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-0.2618403... | During the late 1920s and early 1930s, Eisenhower's career in the post-war army stalled somewhat, as military priorities diminished; many of his friends resigned for high-paying business jobs. He was assigned to the American Battle Monuments Commission directed by General Pershing, and with the help of his brother Milt... | The 5th Dalai Lama is known for unifying the Tibetan heartland under the control of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism, after defeating the rival Kagyu and Jonang sects and the secular ruler, the Tsangpa prince, in a prolonged civil war. His efforts were successful in part because of aid from Güshi Khan, the Oirat le... | A. Tom Grunfeld says that Tsongkhapa claimed ill health in his refusal to appear at the Ming court, while Rossabi adds that Tsongkhapa cited the "length and arduousness of the journey" to China as another reason not to make an appearance. This first request by the Ming was made in 1407, but the Ming court sent another ... | The fourth Dalai Lama | 2,452 |
56ce4b8baab44d1400b8867a | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | When an ally of the Ü-Tsang ruler threatened destruction of the Gelugpas again, the fifth Dalai Lama Lozang Gyatso pleaded for help from the Mongol prince Güshi Khan (1582–1655), leader of the Khoshut (Qoshot) tribe of the Oirat Mongols, who was then on a pilgrimage to Lhasa. Güshi Khan accepted his role as protector, ... | Who did the 5th Dalai Lama beg for help from? | {
"answer_start": [
137
],
"text": [
"the Mongol prince Güshi Khan"
]
} | Who did the [MASK] Dalai Lama beg for help from? | [
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56ce4b8baab44d1400b8867b | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | When an ally of the Ü-Tsang ruler threatened destruction of the Gelugpas again, the fifth Dalai Lama Lozang Gyatso pleaded for help from the Mongol prince Güshi Khan (1582–1655), leader of the Khoshut (Qoshot) tribe of the Oirat Mongols, who was then on a pilgrimage to Lhasa. Güshi Khan accepted his role as protector, ... | What role did Güshi Khan take on? | {
"answer_start": [
309
],
"text": [
"protector"
]
} | What role did [MASK] take on? | [
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56ce4b8baab44d1400b8867c | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | When an ally of the Ü-Tsang ruler threatened destruction of the Gelugpas again, the fifth Dalai Lama Lozang Gyatso pleaded for help from the Mongol prince Güshi Khan (1582–1655), leader of the Khoshut (Qoshot) tribe of the Oirat Mongols, who was then on a pilgrimage to Lhasa. Güshi Khan accepted his role as protector, ... | Which enemies did Güshi Khan defeat? | {
"answer_start": [
60
],
"text": [
"the Gelugpas"
]
} | Which enemies did [MASK] defeat? | [
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-0.2070486098527... | Law offers more ambiguity. Some writings of Plato and Aristotle, the law tables of Hammurabi of Babylon, or even the early parts of the Bible could be seen as legal literature. Roman civil law as codified in the Corpus Juris Civilis during the reign of Justinian I of the Byzantine Empire has a reputation as significant... | Sonam Gyatso, after being granted the grandiose title by Altan Khan, departed for Tibet. Before he left, he sent a letter and gifts to the Ming Chinese official Zhang Juzheng (1525–1582), which arrived on March 12, 1579. Sometime in August or September of that year, Sonam Gyatso's representative stationed with Altan Kh... | In 1227, Genghis Khan's army attacked and destroyed the Tangut capital of Ning Hia and continued to advance, seizing Lintiao-fu, Xining province, Xindu-fu, and Deshun province in quick succession in the spring. At Deshun, the Tangut general Ma Jianlong put up a fierce resistance for several days and personally led char... | the Gelugpas | 2,455 |
56ce4b8baab44d1400b8867d | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | When an ally of the Ü-Tsang ruler threatened destruction of the Gelugpas again, the fifth Dalai Lama Lozang Gyatso pleaded for help from the Mongol prince Güshi Khan (1582–1655), leader of the Khoshut (Qoshot) tribe of the Oirat Mongols, who was then on a pilgrimage to Lhasa. Güshi Khan accepted his role as protector, ... | Where did Güshi Khan resettle his tribe? | {
"answer_start": [
389
],
"text": [
"Amdo"
]
} | Where did [MASK] resettle his tribe? | [
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0.058817010372877... | Many Latin American migrants have been mestizo, Amerindian, or other mixed race. Multiracial Latinos have limited media appearance; critics have accused the U.S. Hispanic media of overlooking the brown-skinned indigenous and multiracial Hispanic and black Hispanic populations by over-representation of blond and blue/gr... | Sonam Gyatso, after being granted the grandiose title by Altan Khan, departed for Tibet. Before he left, he sent a letter and gifts to the Ming Chinese official Zhang Juzheng (1525–1582), which arrived on March 12, 1579. Sometime in August or September of that year, Sonam Gyatso's representative stationed with Altan Kh... | Patricia Ebrey writes that Tibet, like Joseon Korea and other neighboring states to the Ming, settled for its tributary status while there were no troops or governors of Ming China stationed in its territory. Laird writes that "after the Mongol troops left Tibet, no Ming troops replaced them." Wang and Nyima state that... | Amdo | 2,456 |
56ce4b8baab44d1400b8867e | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | When an ally of the Ü-Tsang ruler threatened destruction of the Gelugpas again, the fifth Dalai Lama Lozang Gyatso pleaded for help from the Mongol prince Güshi Khan (1582–1655), leader of the Khoshut (Qoshot) tribe of the Oirat Mongols, who was then on a pilgrimage to Lhasa. Güshi Khan accepted his role as protector, ... | When did the Ü-Tsang forces surrender? | {
"answer_start": [
623
],
"text": [
"1642"
]
} | When did the [MASK] forces surrender? | [
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0.07188854... | However, some computational problems are easier to analyze in terms of more unusual resources. For example, a non-deterministic Turing machine is a computational model that is allowed to branch out to check many different possibilities at once. The non-deterministic Turing machine has very little to do with how we phys... | Sonam Gyatso, after being granted the grandiose title by Altan Khan, departed for Tibet. Before he left, he sent a letter and gifts to the Ming Chinese official Zhang Juzheng (1525–1582), which arrived on March 12, 1579. Sometime in August or September of that year, Sonam Gyatso's representative stationed with Altan Kh... | In 1227, Genghis Khan's army attacked and destroyed the Tangut capital of Ning Hia and continued to advance, seizing Lintiao-fu, Xining province, Xindu-fu, and Deshun province in quick succession in the spring. At Deshun, the Tangut general Ma Jianlong put up a fierce resistance for several days and personally led char... | 1642 | 2,457 |
56ce4d2baab44d1400b8868e | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Soon after the victory in Ü-Tsang, Güshi Khan organized a welcoming ceremony for Lozang Gyatso once he arrived a day's ride from Shigatse, presenting his conquest of Tibet as a gift to the Dalai Lama. In a second ceremony held within the main hall of the Shigatse fortress, Güshi Khan enthroned the Dalai Lama as the rul... | Who did Güshi Khan organize a welcome ceremony for? | {
"answer_start": [
81
],
"text": [
"Lozang Gyatso"
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} | Who did [MASK] organize a welcome ceremony for? | [
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56ce4d2baab44d1400b8868f | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Soon after the victory in Ü-Tsang, Güshi Khan organized a welcoming ceremony for Lozang Gyatso once he arrived a day's ride from Shigatse, presenting his conquest of Tibet as a gift to the Dalai Lama. In a second ceremony held within the main hall of the Shigatse fortress, Güshi Khan enthroned the Dalai Lama as the rul... | What did Güshi Khan present as a gift to the Dalai Lama? | {
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150
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"his conquest of Tibet"
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} | What did [MASK] present as a gift to the Dalai Lama? | [
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56ce4d2baab44d1400b88690 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Soon after the victory in Ü-Tsang, Güshi Khan organized a welcoming ceremony for Lozang Gyatso once he arrived a day's ride from Shigatse, presenting his conquest of Tibet as a gift to the Dalai Lama. In a second ceremony held within the main hall of the Shigatse fortress, Güshi Khan enthroned the Dalai Lama as the rul... | Who did Güshi Khan enthrone the ruler of Tibet? | {
"answer_start": [
185
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"the Dalai Lama"
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} | Who did [MASK] enthrone the ruler of [MASK]? | [
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56ce4d2baab44d1400b88691 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Soon after the victory in Ü-Tsang, Güshi Khan organized a welcoming ceremony for Lozang Gyatso once he arrived a day's ride from Shigatse, presenting his conquest of Tibet as a gift to the Dalai Lama. In a second ceremony held within the main hall of the Shigatse fortress, Güshi Khan enthroned the Dalai Lama as the rul... | Who did Güshi Khan grant the governing authority to? | {
"answer_start": [
381
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"text": [
"the regent Sonam Chöpel"
]
} | Who did [MASK] grant the governing authority to? | [
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0.101313874125... | The People's Committees led to a high percentage of public involvement in decision making, within the limits permitted by the RCC, but exacerbated tribal divisions. They also served as a surveillance system, aiding the security services in locating individuals with views critical of the RCC, leading to the arrest of Ba... | Between 1346 and 1354, Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen toppled the Sakya and founded the Phagmodrupa Dynasty. The following 80 years saw the founding of the Gelug school (also known as Yellow Hats) by the disciples of Je Tsongkhapa, and the founding of the important Ganden, Drepung and Sera monasteries near Lhasa. However,... | According to Chen, the Ming officer of Hezhou (modern day Linxia) informed the Hongwu Emperor that the general situation in Dbus and Gtsang "was under control," and so he suggested to the emperor that he offer the second Phagmodru ruler, Jamyang Shakya Gyaltsen, an official title. According to the Records of the Foundi... | the regent Sonam Chöpel | 2,461 |
56ce4d2baab44d1400b88692 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Soon after the victory in Ü-Tsang, Güshi Khan organized a welcoming ceremony for Lozang Gyatso once he arrived a day's ride from Shigatse, presenting his conquest of Tibet as a gift to the Dalai Lama. In a second ceremony held within the main hall of the Shigatse fortress, Güshi Khan enthroned the Dalai Lama as the rul... | The title of 'King of Tibet belonged to whom? | {
"answer_start": [
35
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"text": [
"Güshi Khan"
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} | The title of' King of [MASK] belonged to whom? | [
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56ce4f64aab44d1400b886a2 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Meanwhile, the Chinese Ming dynasty fell to the rebellion of Li Zicheng (1606–1645) in 1644, yet his short-lived Shun dynasty was crushed by the Manchu invasion and the Han Chinese general Wu Sangui (1612–1678). China Daily states that when the following Qing dynasty replaced the Ming dynasty, it merely "strengthened a... | Who did the the Chinese Ming dynasty fall to? | {
"answer_start": [
44
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"text": [
"the rebellion of Li Zicheng"
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} | Who did the the [MASK] Ming dynasty fall to? | [
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56ce4f64aab44d1400b886a5 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Meanwhile, the Chinese Ming dynasty fell to the rebellion of Li Zicheng (1606–1645) in 1644, yet his short-lived Shun dynasty was crushed by the Manchu invasion and the Han Chinese general Wu Sangui (1612–1678). China Daily states that when the following Qing dynasty replaced the Ming dynasty, it merely "strengthened a... | According to Kolmaš who accepted an invite from a Manchu to send envoys to the capital at Mukden? | {
"answer_start": [
373
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"text": [
"the Dalai Lama"
]
} | According to [MASK] who accepted an invite from a [MASK] to send envoys to the capital at [MASK]? | [
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-0.290589064... | Although colloquially Delhi and New Delhi as names are used interchangeably to refer to the jurisdiction of NCT of Delhi, these are two distinct entities, and the latter is a small part of the former. | A. Tom Grunfeld says that Tsongkhapa claimed ill health in his refusal to appear at the Ming court, while Rossabi adds that Tsongkhapa cited the "length and arduousness of the journey" to China as another reason not to make an appearance. This first request by the Ming was made in 1407, but the Ming court sent another ... | When an ally of the Ü-Tsang ruler threatened destruction of the Gelugpas again, the fifth Dalai Lama Lozang Gyatso pleaded for help from the Mongol prince Güshi Khan (1582–1655), leader of the Khoshut (Qoshot) tribe of the Oirat Mongols, who was then on a pilgrimage to Lhasa. Güshi Khan accepted his role as protector, ... | the Dalai Lama | 2,464 |
56ce4f64aab44d1400b886a6 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Meanwhile, the Chinese Ming dynasty fell to the rebellion of Li Zicheng (1606–1645) in 1644, yet his short-lived Shun dynasty was crushed by the Manchu invasion and the Han Chinese general Wu Sangui (1612–1678). China Daily states that when the following Qing dynasty replaced the Ming dynasty, it merely "strengthened a... | Who was said to have treated the Dalai Lama as an independent sovereign of Tibet? | {
"answer_start": [
630
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"text": [
"Shunzhi"
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} | Who was said to have treated the Dalai Lama as an independent sovereign of [MASK]? | [
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56ce5125aab44d1400b886ac | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | When the Dzungar Mongols attempted to spread their territory from what is now Xinjiang into Tibet, the Kangxi Emperor (r. 1661–1722) responded to Tibetan pleas for aid with his own expedition to Tibet, occupying Lhasa in 1720. By 1751, during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor (r. 1735–1796), a protectorate and permanen... | Who tried to spread their territory into Tibet? | {
"answer_start": [
5
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"text": [
"the Dzungar Mongols"
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} | Who tried to spread their territory into [MASK]? | [
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0.257500469... | UNFPA is the world's largest multilateral source of funding for population and reproductive health programs. The Fund works with governments and non-governmental organizations in over 150 countries with the support of the international community, supporting programs that help women, men and young people: | When an ally of the Ü-Tsang ruler threatened destruction of the Gelugpas again, the fifth Dalai Lama Lozang Gyatso pleaded for help from the Mongol prince Güshi Khan (1582–1655), leader of the Khoshut (Qoshot) tribe of the Oirat Mongols, who was then on a pilgrimage to Lhasa. Güshi Khan accepted his role as protector, ... | Following the Xinhai Revolution against the Qing dynasty in 1912, Qing soldiers were disarmed and escorted out of Tibet Area (Ü-Tsang). The region subsequently declared its independence in 1913 without recognition by the subsequent Chinese Republican government. Later, Lhasa took control of the western part of Xikang, ... | the Dzungar Mongols | 2,466 |
56ce5125aab44d1400b886ad | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | When the Dzungar Mongols attempted to spread their territory from what is now Xinjiang into Tibet, the Kangxi Emperor (r. 1661–1722) responded to Tibetan pleas for aid with his own expedition to Tibet, occupying Lhasa in 1720. By 1751, during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor (r. 1735–1796), a protectorate and permanen... | Who helped the Tibetan? | {
"answer_start": [
99
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"text": [
"the Kangxi Emperor"
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} | Who helped the [MASK]? | [
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56ce5125aab44d1400b886ae | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | When the Dzungar Mongols attempted to spread their territory from what is now Xinjiang into Tibet, the Kangxi Emperor (r. 1661–1722) responded to Tibetan pleas for aid with his own expedition to Tibet, occupying Lhasa in 1720. By 1751, during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor (r. 1735–1796), a protectorate and permanen... | When did the Kangxi Emperor occupy Lhasa? | {
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"1720"
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} | When did [MASK] occupy [MASK]? | [
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56ce5125aab44d1400b886af | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | When the Dzungar Mongols attempted to spread their territory from what is now Xinjiang into Tibet, the Kangxi Emperor (r. 1661–1722) responded to Tibetan pleas for aid with his own expedition to Tibet, occupying Lhasa in 1720. By 1751, during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor (r. 1735–1796), a protectorate and permanen... | When was The Qing dynasty garrison established in Tibet? | {
"answer_start": [
230
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"text": [
"1751"
]
} | When was The [MASK] garrison established in [MASK]? | [
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56ce5125aab44d1400b886b0 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | When the Dzungar Mongols attempted to spread their territory from what is now Xinjiang into Tibet, the Kangxi Emperor (r. 1661–1722) responded to Tibetan pleas for aid with his own expedition to Tibet, occupying Lhasa in 1720. By 1751, during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor (r. 1735–1796), a protectorate and permanen... | When did the Qianlong Emperor reign? | {
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281
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"text": [
"1735–1796"
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} | When did the Qianlong Emperor reign? | [
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56cc55856d243a140015ef0a | IPod | The iPod is a line of portable media players and multi-purpose pocket computers designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The first line was released on October 23, 2001, about 8½ months after iTunes (Macintosh version) was released. The most recent iPod redesigns were announced on July 15, 2015. There are three current vers... | Which company produces the iPod? | {
"answer_start": [
105
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56cc55856d243a140015ef0b | IPod | The iPod is a line of portable media players and multi-purpose pocket computers designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The first line was released on October 23, 2001, about 8½ months after iTunes (Macintosh version) was released. The most recent iPod redesigns were announced on July 15, 2015. There are three current vers... | When was the original iPod released? | {
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56cc55856d243a140015ef0c | IPod | The iPod is a line of portable media players and multi-purpose pocket computers designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The first line was released on October 23, 2001, about 8½ months after iTunes (Macintosh version) was released. The most recent iPod redesigns were announced on July 15, 2015. There are three current vers... | How many different types of iPod are currently available? | {
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302
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56cc55856d243a140015ef0d | IPod | The iPod is a line of portable media players and multi-purpose pocket computers designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The first line was released on October 23, 2001, about 8½ months after iTunes (Macintosh version) was released. The most recent iPod redesigns were announced on July 15, 2015. There are three current vers... | What kind of device is the iPod? | {
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22
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"text": [
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56cc55856d243a140015ef0e | IPod | The iPod is a line of portable media players and multi-purpose pocket computers designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The first line was released on October 23, 2001, about 8½ months after iTunes (Macintosh version) was released. The most recent iPod redesigns were announced on July 15, 2015. There are three current vers... | The iPod Touch uses what kind of interface? | {
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400
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56ce726faab44d1400b88791 | IPod | The iPod is a line of portable media players and multi-purpose pocket computers designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The first line was released on October 23, 2001, about 8½ months after iTunes (Macintosh version) was released. The most recent iPod redesigns were announced on July 15, 2015. There are three current vers... | In what year was the first iPod released? | {
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56ce726faab44d1400b88792 | IPod | The iPod is a line of portable media players and multi-purpose pocket computers designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The first line was released on October 23, 2001, about 8½ months after iTunes (Macintosh version) was released. The most recent iPod redesigns were announced on July 15, 2015. There are three current vers... | What company manufactures the iPod? | {
"answer_start": [
105
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"text": [
"Apple"
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} | What company manufactures the [MASK]? | [
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56ce726faab44d1400b88793 | IPod | The iPod is a line of portable media players and multi-purpose pocket computers designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The first line was released on October 23, 2001, about 8½ months after iTunes (Macintosh version) was released. The most recent iPod redesigns were announced on July 15, 2015. There are three current vers... | How many versions of the iPod currently exist? | {
"answer_start": [
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56ce726faab44d1400b88794 | IPod | The iPod is a line of portable media players and multi-purpose pocket computers designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The first line was released on October 23, 2001, about 8½ months after iTunes (Macintosh version) was released. The most recent iPod redesigns were announced on July 15, 2015. There are three current vers... | Which is the smallest version of the iPod? | {
"answer_start": [
361
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"text": [
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56ce726faab44d1400b88795 | IPod | The iPod is a line of portable media players and multi-purpose pocket computers designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The first line was released on October 23, 2001, about 8½ months after iTunes (Macintosh version) was released. The most recent iPod redesigns were announced on July 15, 2015. There are three current vers... | In what year was the iPod most recently redesigned? | {
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0.0442725... | Richard Phillips Feynman was born on May 11, 1918, in Queens, New York City, the son of Lucille (née Phillips), a homemaker, and Melville Arthur Feynman, a sales manager. His family originated from Russia and Poland; both of his parents were Ashkenazi Jews. They were not religious, and by his youth Feynman described hi... | On April 9, 2007, it was announced that Apple had sold its one-hundred millionth iPod, making it the biggest selling digital music player of all time. In April 2007, Apple reported second quarter revenue of US$5.2 billion, of which 32% was made from iPod sales. Apple and several industry analysts suggest that iPod user... | The third generation began including a 30-pin dock connector, allowing for FireWire or USB connectivity. This provided better compatibility with non-Apple machines, as most of them did not have FireWire ports at the time. Eventually Apple began shipping iPods with USB cables instead of FireWire, although the latter was... | 2015 | 2,480 |
56cc55fa6d243a140015ef14 | IPod | Like other digital music players, iPods can serve as external data storage devices. Storage capacity varies by model, ranging from 2 GB for the iPod Shuffle to 128 GB for the iPod Touch (previously 160 GB for the iPod Classic, which is now discontinued). | In addition to playing music, what other function can the iPod perform? | {
"answer_start": [
62
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"text": [
"data storage"
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} | In addition to playing music, what other function can the [MASK] perform? | [
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56cc55fa6d243a140015ef15 | IPod | Like other digital music players, iPods can serve as external data storage devices. Storage capacity varies by model, ranging from 2 GB for the iPod Shuffle to 128 GB for the iPod Touch (previously 160 GB for the iPod Classic, which is now discontinued). | What is the smallest data capacity for an iPod product? | {
"answer_start": [
131
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"text": [
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56cc55fa6d243a140015ef16 | IPod | Like other digital music players, iPods can serve as external data storage devices. Storage capacity varies by model, ranging from 2 GB for the iPod Shuffle to 128 GB for the iPod Touch (previously 160 GB for the iPod Classic, which is now discontinued). | What is the largest data capacity for an iPod product? | {
"answer_start": [
160
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"text": [
"128 GB"
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} | What is the largest data capacity for an [MASK] product? | [
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0.271057128906... | The Roman Republic (Latin: Res publica Romana; Classical Latin: [ˈreːs ˈpuːb.lɪ.ka roːˈmaː.na]) was the period of ancient Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom, traditionally dated to 509 BC, and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire. It was during this period that Ro... | USB connections also come in five data transfer modes, in ascending order: Low Speed (1.0), Full Speed (1.0), High Speed (2.0), SuperSpeed (3.0), and SuperSpeed+ (3.1). High Speed is supported only by specifically designed USB 2.0 High Speed interfaces (that is, USB 2.0 controllers without the High Speed designation do... | iPods cannot play music files from competing music stores that use rival-DRM technologies like Microsoft's protected WMA or RealNetworks' Helix DRM. Example stores include Napster and MSN Music. RealNetworks claims that Apple is creating problems for itself by using FairPlay to lock users into using the iTunes Store. S... | 128 GB | 2,483 |
56cc55fa6d243a140015ef17 | IPod | Like other digital music players, iPods can serve as external data storage devices. Storage capacity varies by model, ranging from 2 GB for the iPod Shuffle to 128 GB for the iPod Touch (previously 160 GB for the iPod Classic, which is now discontinued). | Which iPod product features the smallest data storage capacity? | {
"answer_start": [
144
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"text": [
"iPod Shuffle"
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} | Which [MASK] product features the smallest data storage capacity? | [
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56cc55fa6d243a140015ef18 | IPod | Like other digital music players, iPods can serve as external data storage devices. Storage capacity varies by model, ranging from 2 GB for the iPod Shuffle to 128 GB for the iPod Touch (previously 160 GB for the iPod Classic, which is now discontinued). | Which current iPod product features the largest data storage capacity? | {
"answer_start": [
175
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"text": [
"iPod Touch"
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} | Which current [MASK] product features the largest data storage capacity? | [
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0.2626782... | Several companies, refusing to pay the licensing fee or having been rejected by Nintendo, found ways to circumvent the console's authentication system. Most of these companies created circuits that used a voltage spike to temporarily disable the 10NES chip in the NES. A few unlicensed games released in Europe and Austr... | USB connections also come in five data transfer modes, in ascending order: Low Speed (1.0), Full Speed (1.0), High Speed (2.0), SuperSpeed (3.0), and SuperSpeed+ (3.1). High Speed is supported only by specifically designed USB 2.0 High Speed interfaces (that is, USB 2.0 controllers without the High Speed designation do... | Many accessories have been made for the iPod line. A large number are made by third party companies, although many, such as the iPod Hi-Fi, are made by Apple. Some accessories add extra features that other music players have, such as sound recorders, FM radio tuners, wired remote controls, and audio/visual cables for T... | iPod Touch | 2,485 |
56ce72ecaab44d1400b8879b | IPod | Like other digital music players, iPods can serve as external data storage devices. Storage capacity varies by model, ranging from 2 GB for the iPod Shuffle to 128 GB for the iPod Touch (previously 160 GB for the iPod Classic, which is now discontinued). | What's the storage capacity of the iPod Shuffle? | {
"answer_start": [
131
],
"text": [
"2 GB"
]
} | What's the storage capacity of [MASK]? | [
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0.33967873454093... | By 1790, the Jewish population of Alsace was approximately 22,500, about 3% of the provincial population. They were highly segregated and subject to long-standing anti-Jewish regulations. They maintained their own customs, Yiddish language, and historic traditions within the tightly-knit ghettos; they adhered to Talmud... | USB connections also come in five data transfer modes, in ascending order: Low Speed (1.0), Full Speed (1.0), High Speed (2.0), SuperSpeed (3.0), and SuperSpeed+ (3.1). High Speed is supported only by specifically designed USB 2.0 High Speed interfaces (that is, USB 2.0 controllers without the High Speed designation do... | The cartridge media of the console is officially referred to as Game Pak in most Western regions, and as Cassette (カセット, Kasetto?) in Japan and parts of Latin America. While the SNES can address 128 Mbit,[f] only 117.75 Mbit are actually available for cartridge use. A fairly normal mapping could easily address up to 95... | 2 GB | 2,486 |
56ce72ecaab44d1400b8879c | IPod | Like other digital music players, iPods can serve as external data storage devices. Storage capacity varies by model, ranging from 2 GB for the iPod Shuffle to 128 GB for the iPod Touch (previously 160 GB for the iPod Classic, which is now discontinued). | What's the storage capacity for the iPod Touch? | {
"answer_start": [
160
],
"text": [
"128 GB"
]
} | What's the storage capacity for [MASK]? | [
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0.289719909... | Kathmandu Metropolitan City (KMC), in order to promote international relations has established an International Relations Secretariat (IRC). KMC's first international relationship was established in 1975 with the city of Eugene, Oregon, United States. This activity has been further enhanced by establishing formal relat... | USB connections also come in five data transfer modes, in ascending order: Low Speed (1.0), Full Speed (1.0), High Speed (2.0), SuperSpeed (3.0), and SuperSpeed+ (3.1). High Speed is supported only by specifically designed USB 2.0 High Speed interfaces (that is, USB 2.0 controllers without the High Speed designation do... | iPods cannot play music files from competing music stores that use rival-DRM technologies like Microsoft's protected WMA or RealNetworks' Helix DRM. Example stores include Napster and MSN Music. RealNetworks claims that Apple is creating problems for itself by using FairPlay to lock users into using the iTunes Store. S... | 128 GB | 2,487 |
56cc56856d243a140015ef1e | IPod | Apple's iTunes software (and other alternative software) can be used to transfer music, photos, videos, games, contact information, e-mail settings, Web bookmarks, and calendars, to the devices supporting these features from computers using certain versions of Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows operating systems. | What Apple program is used to communicate between computers and portable devices? | {
"answer_start": [
8
],
"text": [
"iTunes"
]
} | What [MASK] program is used to communicate between computers and portable devices? | [
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56cc56856d243a140015ef1f | IPod | Apple's iTunes software (and other alternative software) can be used to transfer music, photos, videos, games, contact information, e-mail settings, Web bookmarks, and calendars, to the devices supporting these features from computers using certain versions of Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows operating systems. | Which operating systems are compatible with iTunes? | {
"answer_start": [
261
],
"text": [
"Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows"
]
} | Which operating systems are compatible with [MASK]? | [
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56ce732faab44d1400b8879f | IPod | Apple's iTunes software (and other alternative software) can be used to transfer music, photos, videos, games, contact information, e-mail settings, Web bookmarks, and calendars, to the devices supporting these features from computers using certain versions of Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows operating systems. | What's the name of the software used to manage music and other media on Apple devices? | {
"answer_start": [
8
],
"text": [
"iTunes"
]
} | What's the name of the software used to manage music and other media on [MASK] devices? | [
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0.15904417634010... | The "Bleacher Bums" is a name given to fans, many of whom spend much of the day heckling, who sit in the bleacher section at Wrigley Field. Initially, the group was called "bums" because it referred to a group of fans who were at most games, and since those games were all day games, it was assumed they did not work. Ma... | iPods have won several awards ranging from engineering excellence,[not in citation given] to most innovative audio product, to fourth best computer product of 2006. iPods often receive favorable reviews; scoring on looks, clean design, and ease of use. PC World says that iPod line has "altered the landscape for portabl... | Windows Store apps run within a new set of APIs known as Windows Runtime, which supports programming languages such as C, C++, Visual Basic .NET, C#, along with HTML5 and JavaScript. If written in some "high-level" languages, apps written for Windows Runtime can be compatible with both Intel and ARM versions of Windows... | iTunes | 2,490 |
56cc57466d243a140015ef24 | IPod | Before the release of iOS 5, the iPod branding was used for the media player included with the iPhone and iPad, a combination of the Music and Videos apps on the iPod Touch. As of iOS 5, separate apps named "Music" and "Videos" are standardized across all iOS-powered products. While the iPhone and iPad have essentially... | Prior to iOS 5, how many apps were required to play music and videos on iPhone and iPad? | {
"answer_start": [
98
],
"text": [
"one"
]
} | Prior to iOS 5, how many apps were required to play music and videos on [MASK] and [MASK]? | [
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56cc57466d243a140015ef26 | IPod | Before the release of iOS 5, the iPod branding was used for the media player included with the iPhone and iPad, a combination of the Music and Videos apps on the iPod Touch. As of iOS 5, separate apps named "Music" and "Videos" are standardized across all iOS-powered products. While the iPhone and iPad have essentially... | In mid-2010, which Apple device had higher sales than iPod? | {
"answer_start": [
95
],
"text": [
"iPhone"
]
} | In [MASK], which [MASK] device had higher sales than [MASK]? | [
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56ce73d1aab44d1400b887ab | IPod | Before the release of iOS 5, the iPod branding was used for the media player included with the iPhone and iPad, a combination of the Music and Videos apps on the iPod Touch. As of iOS 5, separate apps named "Music" and "Videos" are standardized across all iOS-powered products. While the iPhone and iPad have essentially... | With what iOS release did Apple standardize media apps on all their products? | {
"answer_start": [
22
],
"text": [
"iOS 5"
]
} | With what [MASK] release did [MASK] standardize media apps on all their products? | [
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56ce73d1aab44d1400b887ac | IPod | Before the release of iOS 5, the iPod branding was used for the media player included with the iPhone and iPad, a combination of the Music and Videos apps on the iPod Touch. As of iOS 5, separate apps named "Music" and "Videos" are standardized across all iOS-powered products. While the iPhone and iPad have essentially... | In what year did iPhone sales surpass those of iPods? | {
"answer_start": [
444
],
"text": [
"2010"
]
} | In what year did [MASK] sales surpass those of [MASK]? | [
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0.2642479... | One theory suggests the name stems from a palatalised version of the Mongolian and Turkic word tenggis, meaning "ocean", "oceanic" or "wide-spreading". (Lake Baikal and ocean were called tenggis by the Mongols. However, it seems that if they had meant to call Genghis tenggis they could have said, and written, "Tenggis ... | On April 9, 2007, it was announced that Apple had sold its one-hundred millionth iPod, making it the biggest selling digital music player of all time. In April 2007, Apple reported second quarter revenue of US$5.2 billion, of which 32% was made from iPod sales. Apple and several industry analysts suggest that iPod user... | Apple debuted the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store on September 5, 2007, in its Media Event entitled "The Beat Goes On...". This service allows users to access the Music Store from either an iPhone or an iPod Touch and download songs directly to the device that can be synced to the user's iTunes Library over a WiFi connection,... | 2010 | 2,494 |
56ce73d1aab44d1400b887ad | IPod | Before the release of iOS 5, the iPod branding was used for the media player included with the iPhone and iPad, a combination of the Music and Videos apps on the iPod Touch. As of iOS 5, separate apps named "Music" and "Videos" are standardized across all iOS-powered products. While the iPhone and iPad have essentially... | What are the titles of the standard media apps on current Apple devices? | {
"answer_start": [
207
],
"text": [
"\"Music\" and \"Videos\""
]
} | What are the titles of the standard media apps on current [MASK] devices? | [
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56cc58436d243a140015ef2a | IPod | In mid-2015, a new model of the iPod Touch was announced by Apple, and was officially released on the Apple store on July 15, 2015. The sixth generation iPod Touch includes a wide variety of spec improvements such as the upgraded A8 processor and higher-quality screen. The core is over 5 times faster than previous mode... | What processor model is used in the iPod Touch? | {
"answer_start": [
230
],
"text": [
"A8"
]
} | What processor model is used in [MASK]? | [
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56cc58436d243a140015ef2c | IPod | In mid-2015, a new model of the iPod Touch was announced by Apple, and was officially released on the Apple store on July 15, 2015. The sixth generation iPod Touch includes a wide variety of spec improvements such as the upgraded A8 processor and higher-quality screen. The core is over 5 times faster than previous mode... | Which generation of iPod Touch was made availalbe in July of 2015? | {
"answer_start": [
136
],
"text": [
"sixth"
]
} | Which generation of [MASK] was made availalbe in [MASK]? | [
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0.287480175... | In Estonian, nouns and pronouns do not have grammatical gender, but nouns and adjectives decline in fourteen cases: nominative, genitive, partitive, illative, inessive, elative, allative, adessive, ablative, translative, terminative, essive, abessive, and comitative, with the case and number of the adjective(s) always ... | Like other digital music players, iPods can serve as external data storage devices. Storage capacity varies by model, ranging from 2 GB for the iPod Shuffle to 128 GB for the iPod Touch (previously 160 GB for the iPod Classic, which is now discontinued). | iPods have also gained popularity for use in education. Apple offers more information on educational uses for iPods on their website, including a collection of lesson plans. There has also been academic research done in this area in nursing education and more general K-16 education. Duke University provided iPods to al... | sixth | 2,497 |
56ce750daab44d1400b887b1 | IPod | In mid-2015, a new model of the iPod Touch was announced by Apple, and was officially released on the Apple store on July 15, 2015. The sixth generation iPod Touch includes a wide variety of spec improvements such as the upgraded A8 processor and higher-quality screen. The core is over 5 times faster than previous mode... | What's the most recent generation of iPod Touch? | {
"answer_start": [
136
],
"text": [
"sixth"
]
} | What's the most recent generation of [MASK]? | [
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56ce750daab44d1400b887b2 | IPod | In mid-2015, a new model of the iPod Touch was announced by Apple, and was officially released on the Apple store on July 15, 2015. The sixth generation iPod Touch includes a wide variety of spec improvements such as the upgraded A8 processor and higher-quality screen. The core is over 5 times faster than previous mode... | In what year was the most recent iPod Touch released? | {
"answer_start": [
7
],
"text": [
"2015"
]
} | In what year was the most recent [MASK] released? | [
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56ce750daab44d1400b887b3 | IPod | In mid-2015, a new model of the iPod Touch was announced by Apple, and was officially released on the Apple store on July 15, 2015. The sixth generation iPod Touch includes a wide variety of spec improvements such as the upgraded A8 processor and higher-quality screen. The core is over 5 times faster than previous mode... | What type of processor does the current iPod Touch use? | {
"answer_start": [
230
],
"text": [
"A8"
]
} | What type of processor does the current [MASK] use? | [
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0.2174019962549... | World Trade Center Montevideo officially opened in 1998, although work is still ongoing as of 2010[update]. The complex is composed of three towers, two three-story buildings called World Trade Center Plaza and World Trade Center Avenue and a large central square called Towers Square. World Trade Center 1 was the first... | Like other digital music players, iPods can serve as external data storage devices. Storage capacity varies by model, ranging from 2 GB for the iPod Shuffle to 128 GB for the iPod Touch (previously 160 GB for the iPod Classic, which is now discontinued). | On October 21, 2008, Apple reported that only 14.21% of total revenue for fiscal quarter 4 of year 2008 came from iPods. At the September 9, 2009 keynote presentation at the Apple Event, Phil Schiller announced total cumulative sales of iPods exceeded 220 million. The continual decline of iPod sales since 2009 has not ... | A8 | 2,500 |
56ce750daab44d1400b887b4 | IPod | In mid-2015, a new model of the iPod Touch was announced by Apple, and was officially released on the Apple store on July 15, 2015. The sixth generation iPod Touch includes a wide variety of spec improvements such as the upgraded A8 processor and higher-quality screen. The core is over 5 times faster than previous mode... | In how many colors is the current iPod Touch available? | {
"answer_start": [
10
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"text": [
"5"
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} | In how many colors is the current [MASK] available? | [
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56cc5f3f6d243a140015ef46 | IPod | Though the iPod was released in 2001, its price and Mac-only compatibility caused sales to be relatively slow until 2004. The iPod line came from Apple's "digital hub" category, when the company began creating software for the growing market of personal digital devices. Digital cameras, camcorders and organizers had we... | In what year was the iPod first introduced? | {
"answer_start": [
32
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"text": [
"2001"
]
} | In what year was the [MASK] first introduced? | [
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56cc5f3f6d243a140015ef47 | IPod | Though the iPod was released in 2001, its price and Mac-only compatibility caused sales to be relatively slow until 2004. The iPod line came from Apple's "digital hub" category, when the company began creating software for the growing market of personal digital devices. Digital cameras, camcorders and organizers had we... | In what year did iPod sales show improvement? | {
"answer_start": [
116
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"2004"
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} | In what year did [MASK] sales show improvement? | [
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0.07784504443... | Baptists have faced many controversies in their 400-year history, controversies of the level of crises. Baptist historian Walter Shurden says the word "crisis" comes from the Greek word meaning "to decide." Shurden writes that contrary to the presumed negative view of crises, some controversies that reach a crisis leve... | Many accessories have been made for the iPod line. A large number are made by third party companies, although many, such as the iPod Hi-Fi, are made by Apple. Some accessories add extra features that other music players have, such as sound recorders, FM radio tuners, wired remote controls, and audio/visual cables for T... | The first generation iPod Nano may overheat and pose a health and safety risk. Affected iPod Nanos were sold between September 2005 and December 2006. This is due to a flawed battery used by Apple from a single battery manufacturer. Apple recommended that owners of affected iPod Nanos stop using them. Under an Apple pr... | 2004 | 2,503 |
56cc5f3f6d243a140015ef48 | IPod | Though the iPod was released in 2001, its price and Mac-only compatibility caused sales to be relatively slow until 2004. The iPod line came from Apple's "digital hub" category, when the company began creating software for the growing market of personal digital devices. Digital cameras, camcorders and organizers had we... | Which Apple engineer led original iPod design group? | {
"answer_start": [
601
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56cc5f3f6d243a140015ef49 | IPod | Though the iPod was released in 2001, its price and Mac-only compatibility caused sales to be relatively slow until 2004. The iPod line came from Apple's "digital hub" category, when the company began creating software for the growing market of personal digital devices. Digital cameras, camcorders and organizers had we... | What radio was the primary inspiration for the look of the iPod? | {
"answer_start": [
1045
],
"text": [
"Braun T3 transistor radio"
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} | What radio was the primary inspiration for the look of the [MASK]? | [
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56cc5f3f6d243a140015ef4a | IPod | Though the iPod was released in 2001, its price and Mac-only compatibility caused sales to be relatively slow until 2004. The iPod line came from Apple's "digital hub" category, when the company began creating software for the growing market of personal digital devices. Digital cameras, camcorders and organizers had we... | What was the storage capacity of the first iPod? | {
"answer_start": [
1369
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"5 GB"
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} | What was the storage capacity of the [MASK] [MASK]? | [
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56ce75d4aab44d1400b887bd | IPod | Though the iPod was released in 2001, its price and Mac-only compatibility caused sales to be relatively slow until 2004. The iPod line came from Apple's "digital hub" category, when the company began creating software for the growing market of personal digital devices. Digital cameras, camcorders and organizers had we... | in what year was the original iPod released? | {
"answer_start": [
32
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"text": [
"2001"
]
} | in what year was the original [MASK] released? | [
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0.1103519126772... | Civil disobedience is usually defined as pertaining to a citizen's relation to the state and its laws, as distinguished from a constitutional impasse in which two public agencies, especially two equally sovereign branches of government, conflict. For instance, if the head of government of a country were to refuse to en... | Many accessories have been made for the iPod line. A large number are made by third party companies, although many, such as the iPod Hi-Fi, are made by Apple. Some accessories add extra features that other music players have, such as sound recorders, FM radio tuners, wired remote controls, and audio/visual cables for T... | The first generation iPod Nano may overheat and pose a health and safety risk. Affected iPod Nanos were sold between September 2005 and December 2006. This is due to a flawed battery used by Apple from a single battery manufacturer. Apple recommended that owners of affected iPod Nanos stop using them. Under an Apple pr... | 2001 | 2,507 |
56ce75d4aab44d1400b887be | IPod | Though the iPod was released in 2001, its price and Mac-only compatibility caused sales to be relatively slow until 2004. The iPod line came from Apple's "digital hub" category, when the company began creating software for the growing market of personal digital devices. Digital cameras, camcorders and organizers had we... | How large was the hard drive on the original iPod? | {
"answer_start": [
1369
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"text": [
"5 GB"
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} | How large was the hard drive on the original [MASK]? | [
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0.056182261... | Due to the top secret nature of the work, Los Alamos was isolated. In Feynman's own words, "There wasn't anything to do there." Bored, he indulged his curiosity by learning to pick the combination locks on cabinets and desks used to secure papers. Feynman played many jokes on colleagues. In one case he found the combin... | Many accessories have been made for the iPod line. A large number are made by third party companies, although many, such as the iPod Hi-Fi, are made by Apple. Some accessories add extra features that other music players have, such as sound recorders, FM radio tuners, wired remote controls, and audio/visual cables for T... | Apple did not develop the iPod software entirely in-house, instead using PortalPlayer's reference platform based on two ARM cores. The platform had rudimentary software running on a commercial microkernel embedded operating system. PortalPlayer had previously been working on an IBM-branded MP3 player with Bluetooth hea... | 5 GB | 2,508 |
56ce75d4aab44d1400b887bf | IPod | Though the iPod was released in 2001, its price and Mac-only compatibility caused sales to be relatively slow until 2004. The iPod line came from Apple's "digital hub" category, when the company began creating software for the growing market of personal digital devices. Digital cameras, camcorders and organizers had we... | What other popular music player did Apple compare their new product to? | {
"answer_start": [
1203
],
"text": [
"the Walkman"
]
} | What other popular music player did [MASK] compare their new product to? | [
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56ce75d4aab44d1400b887c0 | IPod | Though the iPod was released in 2001, its price and Mac-only compatibility caused sales to be relatively slow until 2004. The iPod line came from Apple's "digital hub" category, when the company began creating software for the growing market of personal digital devices. Digital cameras, camcorders and organizers had we... | What is the name of Apple's hardware engineering chief who helped design the iPod? | {
"answer_start": [
601
],
"text": [
"Jon Rubinstein"
]
} | What is the name of [MASK] 's hardware engineering chief who helped design the [MASK]? | [
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56ce75d4aab44d1400b887c1 | IPod | Though the iPod was released in 2001, its price and Mac-only compatibility caused sales to be relatively slow until 2004. The iPod line came from Apple's "digital hub" category, when the company began creating software for the growing market of personal digital devices. Digital cameras, camcorders and organizers had we... | Who manufactured the hard drives for the first iPods? | {
"answer_start": [
807
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"text": [
"Toshiba"
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} | Who manufactured the hard drives for the [MASK] [MASK]? | [
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0.262371271848... | Nasser's Egyptian detractors considered him a dictator who thwarted democratic progress, imprisoned thousands of dissidents, and led a repressive administration responsible for numerous human rights violations. Islamists in Egypt, particularly members of the politically persecuted Brotherhood, viewed Nasser as oppressi... | Many accessories have been made for the iPod line. A large number are made by third party companies, although many, such as the iPod Hi-Fi, are made by Apple. Some accessories add extra features that other music players have, such as sound recorders, FM radio tuners, wired remote controls, and audio/visual cables for T... | Many accessories have been made for the iPod line. A large number are made by third party companies, although many, such as the iPod Hi-Fi, are made by Apple. Some accessories add extra features that other music players have, such as sound recorders, FM radio tuners, wired remote controls, and audio/visual cables for T... | Toshiba | 2,511 |
56cc60186d243a140015ef5a | IPod | Apple did not develop the iPod software entirely in-house, instead using PortalPlayer's reference platform based on two ARM cores. The platform had rudimentary software running on a commercial microkernel embedded operating system. PortalPlayer had previously been working on an IBM-branded MP3 player with Bluetooth hea... | Which company worked with Apple in creating the user interface for the iPod? | {
"answer_start": [
363
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"text": [
"Pixo"
]
} | Which company worked with [MASK] in creating the user interface for the [MASK]? | [
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56cc60186d243a140015ef5b | IPod | Apple did not develop the iPod software entirely in-house, instead using PortalPlayer's reference platform based on two ARM cores. The platform had rudimentary software running on a commercial microkernel embedded operating system. PortalPlayer had previously been working on an IBM-branded MP3 player with Bluetooth hea... | What was the name of the font used prior to the release of the iPod Mini? | {
"answer_start": [
577
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"text": [
"Chicago"
]
} | What was the name of the font used prior to the release of [MASK]? | [
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56cc60186d243a140015ef5c | IPod | Apple did not develop the iPod software entirely in-house, instead using PortalPlayer's reference platform based on two ARM cores. The platform had rudimentary software running on a commercial microkernel embedded operating system. PortalPlayer had previously been working on an IBM-branded MP3 player with Bluetooth hea... | In what year was the 6th gen iPod Classic released? | {
"answer_start": [
858
],
"text": [
"2007"
]
} | In what year was the [MASK] gen [MASK] released? | [
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56cc60186d243a140015ef5d | IPod | Apple did not develop the iPod software entirely in-house, instead using PortalPlayer's reference platform based on two ARM cores. The platform had rudimentary software running on a commercial microkernel embedded operating system. PortalPlayer had previously been working on an IBM-branded MP3 player with Bluetooth hea... | The 6th gen iPod Classic and 3rd gen iPod nano featured which font? | {
"answer_start": [
1018
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"text": [
"Helvetica"
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} | The [MASK] gen [MASK] and [MASK] gen [MASK] featured which font? | [
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0.0675404518... | The Mahayana sutras are a very broad genre of Buddhist scriptures that the Mahayana Buddhist tradition holds are original teachings of the Buddha. Some adherents of Mahayana accept both the early teachings (including in this the Sarvastivada Abhidharma, which was criticized by Nagarjuna and is in fact opposed to early ... | Apple announced a battery replacement program on November 14, 2003, a week before a high publicity stunt and website by the Neistat Brothers. The initial cost was US$99, and it was lowered to US$59 in 2005. One week later, Apple offered an extended iPod warranty for US$59. For the iPod Nano, soldering tools are needed ... | For all iPods released in 2006 and earlier, some equalizer (EQ) sound settings would distort the bass sound far too easily, even on undemanding songs. This would happen for EQ settings like R&B, Rock, Acoustic, and Bass Booster, because the equalizer amplified the digital audio level beyond the software's limit, causin... | Helvetica | 2,515 |
56ce78c5aab44d1400b887d1 | IPod | Apple did not develop the iPod software entirely in-house, instead using PortalPlayer's reference platform based on two ARM cores. The platform had rudimentary software running on a commercial microkernel embedded operating system. PortalPlayer had previously been working on an IBM-branded MP3 player with Bluetooth hea... | Who supervised the design and implementation of the iPod user interface? | {
"answer_start": [
449
],
"text": [
"Steve Jobs"
]
} | Who supervised the design and implementation of the [MASK] user interface? | [
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-0.4516201615... | In Puerto Rico, various department stores have operated, such as Sears, JC Penney, Macy's, Kmart, Wal-Mart, Marshalls, Burlington Coat Factory, T.J. Maxx, Costco, Sam's Club and others. La New York was a Puerto Rican department store. Topeka, Capri and Pitusa are competitors on the Puerto Rican market that also have hy... | Apple announced a battery replacement program on November 14, 2003, a week before a high publicity stunt and website by the Neistat Brothers. The initial cost was US$99, and it was lowered to US$59 in 2005. One week later, Apple offered an extended iPod warranty for US$59. For the iPod Nano, soldering tools are needed ... | Apple's application to the United States Patent and Trademark Office for a patent on "rotational user inputs", as used on the iPod interface, received a third "non-final rejection" (NFR) in August 2005. Also in August 2005, Creative Technology, one of Apple's main rivals in the MP3 player market, announced that it held... | Steve Jobs | 2,516 |
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