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10,462 | 10,120 | 56de24b24396321400ee25ff | generic | During the Age of Enlightenment, philosophers such as John Locke advocated the principle in their writings, whereas others, such as Thomas Hobbes, strongly opposed it. Montesquieu was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. His writings considerably influenced the... | Who was a leading advocate of dividing government into different branches? | {'text': 'Montesquieu', 'answer_start': 168} |
56,423 | 56,081 | 5a679303f038b7001ab0c2f8 | generic | Before the advent of the ASA system, the system of Weston film speed ratings was introduced by Edward Faraday Weston (1878–1971) and his father Dr. Edward Weston (1850–1936), a British-born electrical engineer, industrialist and founder of the US-based Weston Electrical Instrument Corporation, with the Weston model 617... | What did Howard N. Potts invent in 1932? | {'text': 'the system of Weston film speed ratings', 'answer_start': 37} |
115,547 | 115,205 | 573299421d5d2e14009ff862 | generic | Interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious ... | What type of antibiotic is most likely to be a problem with alcohol? | {'text': 'specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious side-effects', 'answer_start': 241} |
25,841 | 25,499 | 56f8c4bd9b226e1400dd0f6c | generic | Two groups of invertebrates have notably complex brains: arthropods (insects, crustaceans, arachnids, and others), and cephalopods (octopuses, squids, and similar molluscs). The brains of arthropods and cephalopods arise from twin parallel nerve cords that extend through the body of the animal. Arthropods have a centra... | Arthropods and cephalopods have brains that come from a pair of what? | {'text': 'parallel nerve cords', 'answer_start': 231} |
125,232 | 124,890 | 573250c3b9d445190005ea33 | generic | The Bronx is referred to, both legally and colloquially, with a definite article, as the Bronx. (The County of Bronx, unlike the coextensive Borough of the Bronx, does not place the immediately before Bronx in formal references, nor does the United States Postal Service in its database of Bronx addresses.) The name for... | When was the Bronx added to? | {'text': '1898', 'answer_start': 579} |
120,350 | 120,008 | 57316ffc05b4da19006bd16e | generic | The South American highlands were a center of early agriculture. Genetic testing of the wide variety of cultivars and wild species suggests that the potato has a single origin in the area of southern Peru, from a species in the Solanum brevicaule complex. Over 99% of all modern cultivated potatoes worldwide are descend... | Where did the potato originate? | {'text': 'area of southern Peru', 'answer_start': 183} |
79,635 | 79,293 | 5a5d5e9e5e8782001a9d5edd | generic | Many of the city's buildings are in the Georgian style, although there are a number of examples of modern landmark structures, such as County Hall tower, which was, at one time the tallest building in Ireland until being superseded by another Cork City building: The Elysian. Across the river from County Hall is Ireland... | What replaced The Elysian as Ireland's tallest building? | {'text': 'County Hall tower', 'answer_start': 135} |
128,565 | 128,223 | 5733eb08d058e614000b65ba | generic | Anthropologists, along with other social scientists, are working with the US military as part of the US Army's strategy in Afghanistan. The Christian Science Monitor reports that "Counterinsurgency efforts focus on better grasping and meeting local needs" in Afghanistan, under the Human Terrain System (HTS) program; in... | What efforts focus on better understanding and meeting of local needs in Afghanistan? | {'text': 'Counterinsurgency', 'answer_start': 180} |
100,788 | 100,446 | 572d0faa2babe914003c29c4 | generic | Post-punk is a heterogeneous type of rock music that emerged in the wake of the punk movement of the 1970s. Drawing inspiration from elements of punk rock while departing from its musical conventions and wider cultural affiliations, post-punk music was marked by varied, experimentalist sensibilities and its "conceptual... | What did post-punk artists use in their music? | {'text': 'critical theory, cinema, performance art and modernist literature', 'answer_start': 614} |
7,028 | 6,686 | 56d9aa93dc89441400fdb6c5 | generic | Dog intelligence is the ability of the dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems. Dogs have been shown to learn by inference. A study with Rico showed that he knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly... | How many words did Chaser know? | {'text': 'over 1,000', 'answer_start': 590} |
99,356 | 99,014 | 572b589c34ae481900deadb3 | generic | Guam is governed by a popularly elected governor and a unicameral 15-member legislature, whose members are known as senators. Guam elects one non-voting delegate, currently Democrat Madeleine Z. Bordallo, to the United States House of Representatives. U.S. citizens in Guam vote in a straw poll for their choice in the U... | How many electoral votes does Guam currently have? | {'text': 'Guam has no votes', 'answer_start': 365} |
86,877 | 86,535 | 5728250a4b864d1900164589 | generic | Sub- and quotient groups are related in the following way: a subset H of G can be seen as an injective map H → G, i.e. any element of the target has at most one element that maps to it. The counterpart to injective maps are surjective maps (every element of the target is mapped onto), such as the canonical map G → G / ... | What are the opposites of injective maps? | {'text': 'surjective maps', 'answer_start': 224} |
114,570 | 114,228 | 5a1371e4c8eab200188dc974 | generic | The period saw the growth of a distinct and trained architectural profession; before the mid-century "the high-sounding title, 'architect' was adopted by anyone who could get away with it". But most buildings were still designed by builders and landlords together, and the wide spread of Georgian architecture, and the G... | After what time did anybody you could get away with using the title architect do so? | {'text': 'mid-century', 'answer_start': 89} |
59,835 | 59,493 | 57265a725951b619008f7063 | generic | The Thuringian Realm existed until 531 and later, the Landgraviate of Thuringia was the largest state in the region, persisting between 1131 and 1247. Afterwards there was no state named Thuringia, nevertheless the term commonly described the region between the Harz mountains in the north, the Weiße Elster river in the... | Where is Thuringia located? | {'text': 'the region between the Harz mountains in the north, the Weiße Elster river in the east, the Franconian Forest in the south and the Werra river in the west.', 'answer_start': 239} |
117,806 | 117,464 | 5730cc66b54a4f140068cc6d | generic | The boreholes on Funafuti, at the site now called Darwin's Drill, are the result of drilling conducted by the Royal Society of London for the purpose of investigating the formation of coral reefs to determine whether traces of shallow water organisms could be found at depth in the coral of Pacific atolls. This investig... | What group conducted a study of coral on Funafuti? | {'text': 'Royal Society of London', 'answer_start': 110} |
74,867 | 74,525 | 57278d02f1498d1400e8fbc6 | generic | Tarragona has one of the region's most complete ritual sequences. The events start with the building of a huge barrel and ends with its burning with the effigies of the King and Queen. On Saturday, the main parade takes place with masked groups, zoomorphic figures, music and percussion bands, and groups with fireworks ... | Who has one of the most complete ritual agendas? | {'text': 'Tarragona', 'answer_start': 0} |
14,872 | 14,530 | 56dfef297aa994140058e294 | generic | The Bingley Arms, Bardsey, Yorkshire, is claimed to date to 905 AD. Ye Olde Salutation Inn in Nottingham dates from 1240, although the building served as a tannery and a private residence before becoming an inn sometime before the English Civil War. The Adam and Eve in Norwich was first recorded in 1249, when it was an... | Where is Ye Olde Salutation Inn located? | {'text': 'Nottingham', 'answer_start': 94} |
23,037 | 22,695 | 56f87420a6d7ea1400e17665 | generic | Southampton as a Port and city has had a long history of administrative independence of the surrounding County; as far back as the reign of King John the town and its port were removed from the writ of the King's Sheriff in Hampshire and the rights of custom and toll were granted by the King to the burgesses of Southam... | Southampton's history of administrative independence dates back to the reign of which king? | {'text': 'King John', 'answer_start': 140} |
69,554 | 69,212 | 5a7e59cc48f7d9001a063517 | generic | Philosophy has become an increasingly academic discipline. More of its practitioners lament this situation than occurs with the sciences; nonetheless most new philosophical work appears in academic journals. Major philosophers through history—Plato, Aristotle, Socrates, Augustine, Descartes, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche—have... | Logic is technical and similar to what field of study? | {'text': 'mathematics', 'answer_start': 549} |
37,561 | 37,219 | 59d2a5782763a6001828415c | generic | The rural Plains have lost a third of their population since 1920. Several hundred thousand square miles (several hundred thousand square kilometers) of the Great Plains have fewer than 6 inhabitants per square mile (2.3 inhabitants per square kilometer)—the density standard Frederick Jackson Turner used to declare the... | In what year was the Great Plains considered "open" to inhabitants and farm activity? | {'text': '1893', 'answer_start': 351} |
32,444 | 32,102 | 57096446ed30961900e8406d | generic | Census-wise, the state is placed 21st on the population chart, followed by Tripura at 22nd place. Kangra district was top ranked with a population strength of 1,507,223 (21.98%), Mandi district 999,518 (14.58%), Shimla district 813,384 (11.86%), Solan district 576,670 (8.41%), Sirmaur district 530,164 (7.73%), Una dist... | Who was last in population strength? | {'text': 'Lahaul Spiti', 'answer_start': 513} |
94,082 | 93,740 | 5ad12a95645df0001a2d104b | generic | Solar thermal power stations include the 354 megawatt (MW) Solar Energy Generating Systems power plant in the USA, Solnova Solar Power Station (Spain, 150 MW), Andasol solar power station (Spain, 100 MW), Nevada Solar One (USA, 64 MW), PS20 solar power tower (Spain, 20 MW), and the PS10 solar power tower (Spain, 11 MW)... | What is the world's largest solar-thermal power plant project currently not under construction? | {'text': 'Ivanpah Solar Power Facility', 'answer_start': 333} |
52,346 | 52,004 | 57266f10f1498d1400e8df96 | generic | In Suriname today, Dutch is the sole official language, and over 60 percent of the population speaks it as a mother tongue. Dutch is the obligatory medium of instruction in schools in Suriname, even for non-native speakers. A further twenty-four percent of the population speaks Dutch as a second language. Suriname gain... | When did Suriname officially become independent from the Netherlands? | {'text': '1975', 'answer_start': 364} |
40,901 | 40,559 | 570d8477fed7b91900d461e1 | generic | The British adopted "effective ceiling", meaning the altitude at which a gun could deliver a series of shells against a moving target; this could be constrained by maximum fuse running time as well as the gun's capability. By the late 1930s the British definition was "that height at which a directly approaching target ... | What term is used to describe the altitude for a gun to shoot shells against a target that is moving? | {'text': '"effective ceiling"', 'answer_start': 20} |
44,632 | 44,290 | 5ad3751d604f3c001a3fe2ec | generic | In a speech on 24 November 1992, to mark the 40th anniversary of her accession, Elizabeth called 1992 her annus horribilis, meaning horrible year. In March, her second son, Prince Andrew, Duke of York, and his wife, Sarah, separated; in April, her daughter, Princess Anne, divorced Captain Mark Phillips; during a state ... | How much in legal fees did the The Sun have to pay to the Queen? | {'text': '£200,000', 'answer_start': 1253} |
129,153 | 128,811 | 573444a1879d6814001ca43e | generic | Additionally, Richmond is gaining attention from the film and television industry, with several high-profile films shot in the metro region in the past few years, including the major motion picture Lincoln which led to Daniel Day-Lewis's third Oscar, Killing Kennedy with Rob Lowe, airing on the National Geographic Chan... | Who notably appeared in Killing Kennedy? | {'text': 'Rob Lowe', 'answer_start': 272} |
673 | 331 | 56d4d0c32ccc5a1400d8324e | generic | Beyoncé is believed to have first started a relationship with Jay Z after a collaboration on "'03 Bonnie & Clyde", which appeared on his seventh album The Blueprint 2: The Gift & The Curse (2002). Beyoncé appeared as Jay Z's girlfriend in the music video for the song, which would further fuel speculation of their relat... | In which music video did Beyoncé star as Jay Z's girlfriend, creating speculation about their relationship? | {'text': "'03 Bonnie & Clyde", 'answer_start': 94} |
76,650 | 76,308 | 5a8c93b2fd22b3001a8d8b86 | generic | The placing of the nails in the hands, or the wrists is also uncertain. Some theories suggest that the Greek word cheir (χειρ) for hand includes the wrist and that the Romans were generally trained to place nails through Destot's space (between the capitate and lunate bones) without fracturing any bones. Another theory... | Do theories say if Destot's bones were fractured? | {'text': 'uncertain', 'answer_start': 61} |
111,200 | 110,858 | 5ad24140d7d075001a428957 | generic | The Greeks of classical antiquity idealized their Mycenaean ancestors and the Mycenaean period as a glorious era of heroes, closeness of the gods and material wealth. The Homeric Epics (i.e. Iliad and Odyssey) were especially and generally accepted as part of the Greek past and it was not until the 19th century that sc... | What name is usually associated with the underworld? | {'text': 'Hades', 'answer_start': 496} |
122,871 | 122,529 | 5ad14842645df0001a2d1548 | generic | The "religious test" clause has been interpreted to cover both elected officials and appointed ones, career civil servants as well as political appointees. Religious beliefs or the lack of them have therefore not been permissible tests or qualifications with regard to federal employees since the ratification of the Con... | What clause are neither elected officials and appointed ones covered by? | {'text': 'religious test', 'answer_start': 5} |
120,335 | 119,993 | 573148a7497a881900248d4f | generic | Contact with European diseases such as smallpox and measles killed between 50 and 67 per cent of the Aboriginal population of North America in the first hundred years after the arrival of Europeans. Some 90 per cent of the native population near Massachusetts Bay Colony died of smallpox in an epidemic in 1617–1619. In ... | Who were the Native Americans exposed to smallpox because of? | {'text': 'Europeans', 'answer_start': 415} |
39,803 | 39,461 | 570e5b3b0dc6ce1900204f8c | generic | Melbourne is typical of Australian capital cities in that after the turn of the 20th century, it expanded with the underlying notion of a 'quarter acre home and garden' for every family, often referred to locally as the Australian Dream. This, coupled with the popularity of the private automobile after 1945, led to the... | Is much of Melbourne's metropolitan area characterized as low-density sprawl or high-density sprawl? | {'text': 'low density', 'answer_start': 464} |
118,626 | 118,284 | 5a860d34b4e223001a8e740a | generic | Russian is a Slavic language of the Indo-European family. It is a lineal descendant of the language used in Kievan Rus'. From the point of view of the spoken language, its closest relatives are Ukrainian, Belarusian, and Rusyn, the other three languages in the East Slavic group. In many places in eastern and southern U... | In what countries are Surzhyk and Trasianka spoken interchangeably? | {'text': 'in eastern and southern Ukraine and throughout Belarus', 'answer_start': 295} |
84,213 | 83,871 | 5727f4172ca10214002d9a25 | generic | After the war, Nasser returned to his role as an instructor at the Royal Military Academy. He sent emissaries to forge an alliance with the Muslim Brotherhood in October 1948, but soon concluded that the religious agenda of the Brotherhood was not compatible with his nationalism. From then on, Nasser prevented the Brot... | How did Nasser view the terms of the armisitce with Israel? | {'text': 'humiliating', 'answer_start': 582} |
12,432 | 12,090 | 5ad54f595b96ef001a10ac80 | generic | While the Warsaw Pact was established as a balance of power or counterweight to NATO, there was no direct confrontation between them. Instead, the conflict was fought on an ideological basis. Both NATO and the Warsaw Pact led to the expansion of military forces and their integration into the respective blocs. The Warsa... | There was direct confrontation between the Warsaw Pact and which organization? | {'text': 'NATO', 'answer_start': 80} |
110,181 | 109,839 | 57302410947a6a140053d174 | generic | Southeast Tucson continues to experience rapid residential development. The area includes Davis-Monthan Air Force Base. The area is considered to be south of Golf Links Road. It is the home of Santa Rita High School, Chuck Ford Park (Lakeside Park), Lakeside Lake, Lincoln Park (upper and lower), The Lakecrest Neighborh... | Where is a great place to bird watch in Southeast Tuscon? | {'text': 'The Atterbury Wash', 'answer_start': 366} |
83,648 | 83,306 | 5727df983acd2414000deea6 | generic | With an educational system made up of public school districts and independent private institutions, Oklahoma had 638,817 students enrolled in 1,845 public primary, secondary, and vocational schools in 533 school districts as of 2008[update]. Oklahoma has the highest enrollment of Native American students in the nation ... | What does Oklahoma spend per student in public schools as of 2008? | {'text': '$7,755', 'answer_start': 447} |
51,117 | 50,775 | 5725c97d89a1e219009abea7 | generic | One of the few city states who managed to maintain full independence from the control of any Hellenistic kingdom was Rhodes. With a skilled navy to protect its trade fleets from pirates and an ideal strategic position covering the routes from the east into the Aegean, Rhodes prospered during the Hellenistic period. It ... | What years were Rhodes under attack by Demetrius Poliorcetes? | {'text': '304-305 BCE', 'answer_start': 538} |
267 | 267 | 138460 | pubqa | An inappropriate cross-connection between sewage and drinking-water pipelines contaminated tap water in a Finnish town, resulting in an extensive waterborne gastroenteritis outbreak in this developed country. According to a database and a line-list, altogether 1222 subjects sought medical care as a result of this expos... | What was the alert of the event? | {'answer_id': 273650, 'document_id': 445515, 'question_id': 138460, 'text': 'officials received reports of bouts of diarrhoea and vomiting among residents, and during that same day an increase in the number of patients with gastroenteritis was observed at the health centre.', 'answer_start': 1511, 'answer_category': 'L... |
84,837 | 84,495 | 5727f6982ca10214002d9a59 | generic | Time is one of the seven fundamental physical quantities in both the International System of Units and International System of Quantities. Time is used to define other quantities—such as velocity—so defining time in terms of such quantities would result in circularity of definition. An operational definition of time, w... | Investigations of what brought questions of space into questions about time? | {'text': 'a single continuum called spacetime', 'answer_start': 813} |
42,033 | 41,691 | 5acecadc32bba1001ae4b421 | generic | During the 1960s the Department of Defense continued to scrutinize the reserve forces and to question the number of divisions and brigades as well as the redundancy of maintaining two reserve components, the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve. In 1967 Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara decided that 15 combat di... | How many brigades did the Secretary of Defense decrease the number to? | {'text': '18', 'answer_start': 505} |
124,483 | 124,141 | 5ad3c2c6604f3c001a3fef98 | generic | Baptism is a requirement for being considered a member of Jehovah's Witnesses. Jehovah's Witnesses do not practice infant baptism, and previous baptisms performed by other denominations are not considered valid. Individuals undergoing baptism must affirm publicly that dedication and baptism identify them "as one of Jeh... | What is the name of one of the Jehovah's Witnesses publications? | {'text': 'Armageddon', 'answer_start': 720} |
46,980 | 46,638 | 5719e19110f8ca1400304e86 | generic | Yet another boom began as the city emerged from the Great Recession. Amazon.com moved its headquarters from North Beacon Hill to South Lake Union and began a rapid expansion. For the five years beginning in 2010, Seattle gained an average of 14,511 residents per year, with the growth strongly skewed toward the center o... | How much of their income do half of Seattle's population have to spend on housing? | {'text': 'more than half', 'answer_start': 483} |
88,574 | 88,232 | 57283a80ff5b5019007d9f86 | generic | In the English language, the capitalized form of God continues to represent a distinction between monotheistic "God" and "gods" in polytheism. The English word God and its counterparts in other languages are normally used for any and all conceptions and, in spite of significant differences between religions, the term r... | What does it mean to read the word LORD in all capitals in the Bible? | {'text': 'signifies that the word represents the tetragrammaton', 'answer_start': 616} |
42,243 | 41,901 | 570d6ba1fed7b91900d4606c | generic | The Germans expected to negotiate an end to the war but immediately ordered an advance on Paris; by 15 September Moltke issued the orders for an investment of Paris and on 20 September the encirclement was complete. Bismarck met Favre on 18 September at the Château de Ferrières and demanded a frontier immune to a Frenc... | On what date was the encirclement of Paris complete? | {'text': '20 September', 'answer_start': 172} |
40,470 | 40,128 | 5ad50b865b96ef001a10aa9e | generic | In 1985, the combination of the Mac, Apple's LaserWriter printer, and Mac-specific software like Boston Software's MacPublisher and Aldus PageMaker enabled users to design, preview, and print page layouts complete with text and graphics—an activity to become known as desktop publishing. Initially, desktop publishing wa... | What applications weakened Mac's position as a graphics computer? | {'text': "Macromedia FreeHand, QuarkXPress, and Adobe's Photoshop and Illustrator", 'answer_start': 428} |
73,473 | 73,131 | 5ad41909604f3c001a40043b | generic | Another popular argument for affirmative action is the compensation argument. Blacks were mistreated in the past for a morally irrelevant characteristic of being black so society today should compensate for the injuries. This causes reverse discrimination in the form of preferential hirings, contracts, and scholarships... | What is a typical argument against affirmative action? | {'text': 'compensation argument', 'answer_start': 55} |
59,045 | 58,703 | 5acd8c7607355d001abf46d1 | generic | Hurricanes pose a severe threat each year during the June 1 to November 30 hurricane season, particularly from August to October. Florida is the most hurricane-prone state, with subtropical or tropical water on a lengthy coastline. Of the category 4 or higher storms that have struck the United States, 83% have either h... | It is common for what weather to pass Florida? | {'text': 'hurricane', 'answer_start': 454} |
31,768 | 31,426 | 5ad424d3604f3c001a4008cb | generic | The second-largest commercial airport is William P. Hobby Airport (named Houston International Airport until 1967) which operates primarily short- to medium-haul domestic flights. However, in 2015 Southwest Airlines launched service from a new international terminal at Hobby airport to several destinations in Mexico, C... | What is the second airport that serves Texas? | {'text': 'William P. Hobby', 'answer_start': 41} |
61,020 | 60,678 | 57274c04708984140094dbd3 | generic | Unlike in higher animals, where parthenogenesis is rare, asexual reproduction may occur in plants by several different mechanisms. The formation of stem tubers in potato is one example. Particularly in arctic or alpine habitats, where opportunities for fertilisation of flowers by animals are rare, plantlets or bulbs, m... | Why do plants develop bulbs? | {'text': 'opportunities for fertilisation of flowers by animals are rare', 'answer_start': 235} |
4,354 | 4,012 | 56d108f917492d1400aab7b5 | generic | Numerous major American cultural movements began in the city, such as the Harlem Renaissance, which established the African-American literary canon in the United States. The city was a center of jazz in the 1940s, abstract expressionism in the 1950s, and the birthplace of hip hop in the 1970s. The city's punk and hardc... | What musical style was prominent in New York in the 1940s? | {'text': 'jazz', 'answer_start': 195} |
17,190 | 16,848 | 5a550f01134fea001a0e188a | generic | According to the Centre for Law and Democracy (CLD) and the African Union/United Nations Information Support Team (IST), Somalia did not have systemic internet blocking or filtering as of December 2012. The application of content standards online was also unclear. | What type of internet blocking did Somalia use? | {'text': 'systemic', 'answer_start': 142} |
64,045 | 63,703 | 5726df7c5951b619008f80e5 | generic | Yale's central campus in downtown New Haven covers 260 acres (1.1 km2) and comprises its main, historic campus and a medical campus adjacent to the Yale-New Haven Hospital. In western New Haven, the university holds 500 acres (2.0 km2) of athletic facilities, including the Yale Golf Course. In 2008, Yale purchased the ... | What is the former Bayer Pharmaceutical campus used for? | {'text': 'laboratory and research space', 'answer_start': 442} |
38,040 | 37,698 | 570bdd6fec8fbc190045bb9c | generic | Habitat size and numbers of species are systematically related. Physically larger species and those living at lower latitudes or in forests or oceans are more sensitive to reduction in habitat area. Conversion to "trivial" standardized ecosystems (e.g., monoculture following deforestation) effectively destroys habitat ... | What is systematically related to the numbers of species? | {'text': 'Habitat size', 'answer_start': 0} |
80,523 | 80,181 | 5727bbc1ff5b5019007d93ae | generic | On 3 November 2007, the Sichuan Transportation Bureau announced that the Sui-Yu Expressway was completed after three years of construction. After completion of the Chongqing section of the road, the 36.64 km (22.77 mi) expressway connected Cheng-Nan Expressway and formed the shortest expressway from Chengdu to Chongqin... | How long did it take to complete the Sui-Yu Expressway? | {'text': 'three years', 'answer_start': 111} |
59,824 | 59,482 | 5726599df1498d1400e8dcda | generic | The name Thuringia or Thüringen derives from the Germanic tribe Thuringii, who emerged during the Migration Period. Their origin is not completely known. An older theory claimed that they were successors of the Hermunduri, but later research rejected the idea. Other historians argue that the Thuringians were allies of ... | Where does the name Thuringia come from? | {'text': 'the Germanic tribe Thuringii', 'answer_start': 45} |
51,422 | 51,080 | 57261be989a1e219009ac27b | generic | Hellenistic warfare was a continuation of the military developments of Iphicrates and Philip II of Macedon, particularly his use of the Macedonian Phalanx, a dense formation of pikemen, in conjunction with heavy companion cavalry. Armies of the Hellenistic period differed from those of the classical period in being lar... | From whom did Seleucus receive war elephants? | {'text': 'Mauryan empire', 'answer_start': 1285} |
128,639 | 128,297 | 57340bdf4776f419006617a5 | generic | However, at the state level, the pattern of split ticket voting and divided government holds. Democrats currently hold one of the state's U.S. Senate seats, as well as four of the five statewide offices (Governor, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Secretary of State and State Auditor). The lone congressional distri... | What is the split in the state Senate controller by the Republicans? | {'text': '29 to 21', 'answer_start': 675} |
31,650 | 31,308 | 570a898d4103511400d59835 | generic | Houston was founded in 1836 on land near the banks of Buffalo Bayou (now known as Allen's Landing) and incorporated as a city on June 5, 1837. The city was named after former General Sam Houston, who was president of the Republic of Texas and had commanded and won at the Battle of San Jacinto 25 miles (40 km) east of w... | Where is Allen's Landing? | {'text': 'Buffalo Bayou', 'answer_start': 54} |
123,625 | 123,283 | 57320c0ee17f3d1400422615 | generic | Most of the differences in the revised budget deficit numbers were due to a temporary change of accounting practices by the new government, i.e., recording expenses when military material was ordered rather than received. However, it was the retroactive application of ESA95 methodology (applied since 2000) by Eurostat,... | What were the majority of the differences in the revised budget due to the temporary changing of? | {'text': 'accounting practices', 'answer_start': 96} |
85,069 | 84,727 | 57280c162ca10214002d9ca2 | generic | On the other hand, the crew on board the spaceship also perceives the observer as slowed down and flattened along the spaceship's direction of travel, because both are moving at very nearly the speed of light relative to each other. Because the outside universe appears flattened to the spaceship, the crew perceives the... | What the crew perceives as seconds might be seen as how long to a stationary observer? | {'text': 'hundreds of years', 'answer_start': 592} |
95,144 | 94,802 | 5a2c47ecbfd06b001a5aeac6 | generic | In the early 20th century, the writings of Albert Richardson were responsible for a re-awakening of interest in pure neoclassical design. Vincent Harris (compare Harris's colonnaded and domed interior of Manchester Central Reference Library to the colonnaded and domed interior by John Carr and R R Duke), Bradshaw Gass ... | What type of building did Vincent Harris design during the interwar period? | {'text': 'public buildings', 'answer_start': 374} |
119,668 | 119,326 | 5a14d7f2a54d420018529380 | generic | Japan and Germany are great powers too, though due to their large advanced economies (having the third and fourth largest economies respectively) rather than their strategic and hard power capabilities (i.e., the lack of permanent seats and veto power on the UN Security Council or strategic military reach). Germany has... | How large are France and Russia's economies? | {'text': 'the third and fourth largest economies', 'answer_start': 93} |
12,558 | 12,216 | 5ad574b85b96ef001a10af2d | generic | In November 2005, the Polish government opened its Warsaw Treaty archives to the Institute of National Remembrance, who published some 1,300 declassified documents in January 2006. Yet the Polish government reserved publication of 100 documents, pending their military declassification. Eventually, 30 of the reserved 10... | What plan gave commanders many defensive-war strategies for fighting NATO? | {'text': 'Seven Days to the River Rhine', 'answer_start': 989} |
66,671 | 66,329 | 5ad11348645df0001a2d0c58 | generic | The historian Piers Brendon asserts that Burke laid the moral foundations for the British Empire, epitomised in the trial of Warren Hastings, that was ultimately to be its undoing: when Burke stated that "The British Empire must be governed on a plan of freedom, for it will be governed by no other", this was "...an ide... | What historian laid the foundations for the morals of the British Empire? | {'text': 'Piers Brendon', 'answer_start': 14} |
92,178 | 91,836 | 5728db98ff5b5019007da83a | generic | Leucothea was daughter of Orchamus and sister of Clytia. She fell in love with Apollo who disguised himself as Leucothea's mother to gain entrance to her chambers. Clytia, jealous of her sister because she wanted Apollo for herself, told Orchamus the truth, betraying her sister's trust and confidence in her. Enraged, O... | Who was Leucothea's mother? | {'text': 'Orchamus', 'answer_start': 26} |
98,771 | 98,429 | 572aadc2be1ee31400cb8153 | generic | After Kerry's third qualifying wound, he was entitled per Navy regulations to reassignment away from combat duties. Kerry's preferred choice for reassignment was as a military aide in Boston, New York or Washington, D.C. On April 11, 1969, he reported to the Brooklyn-based Atlantic Military Sea Transportation Service, ... | Which wound allowed Kerry to leave combat duty? | {'text': 'third', 'answer_start': 14} |
12,883 | 12,541 | 5ad2dcaed7d075001a42a53c | generic | Another Arabic word sometimes used for Christians, particularly in a political context, is Ṣalībī (صليبي "Crusader") from ṣalīb (صليب "cross") which refers to Crusaders and has negative connotations. However, Salibi is a modern term; historically, Muslim writers described European Christian Crusaders as al-Faranj or Al... | Which Arabic term for Franks is particularly used in political context? | {'text': 'Ṣalībī', 'answer_start': 91} |
53,048 | 52,706 | 57262d20271a42140099d706 | generic | The first successful light bulb filaments were made of carbon (from carbonized paper or bamboo). Early carbon filaments had a negative temperature coefficient of resistance — as they got hotter, their electrical resistance decreased. This made the lamp sensitive to fluctuations in the power supply, since a small increa... | What properties of graphite improved the filament? | {'text': 'further strengthened and smoothed the filament', 'answer_start': 923} |
57,111 | 56,769 | 57267f2af1498d1400e8e1ba | generic | After a decade of constant warfare, France and Britain signed the Treaty of Amiens in March 1802, bringing the Revolutionary Wars to an end. Amiens called for the withdrawal of British troops from recently conquered colonial territories as well as for assurances to curtail the expansionary goals of the French Republic.... | What position was Napoleon granted in Article 1 of the new French constitution? | {'text': 'First Consul for Life', 'answer_start': 1132} |
90,031 | 89,689 | 5ad410d5604f3c001a4001d2 | generic | The Alaska Railroad was one of the last railroads in North America to use cabooses in regular service and still uses them on some gravel trains. It continues to offer one of the last flag stop routes in the country. A stretch of about 60 miles (100 km) of track along an area north of Talkeetna remains inaccessible by r... | When aren't cabooses still used occasionally? | {'text': 'some gravel trains', 'answer_start': 125} |
10,433 | 10,091 | 56dfbc8c231d4119001abd4f | generic | Flares can also be used by the military to mark positions, usually for targeting, but laser-guided and GPS weapons have eliminated this need for the most part. | What can be used by military for targeting? | {'text': 'Flares', 'answer_start': 0} |
45,685 | 45,343 | 5ad3fd32604f3c001a3ffbd9 | generic | African Americans made up 41 percent of death row inmates while making up only 12.6 percent of the general population. (They have made up 34 percent of those actually executed since 1976.) However, that number is lower than that of prison inmates, which is 47 percent. According to the US Department of Justice, African ... | What percentage of the Canadian population is Hispanic? | {'text': '17.4%', 'answer_start': 840} |
6,664 | 6,322 | 56d383b159d6e414001465e6 | generic | Fox announced on May 11, 2015 that the fifteenth season would be the final season of American Idol; as such, the season is expected to have an additional focus on the program's alumni. Ryan Seacrest returns as host, with Harry Connick Jr., Keith Urban, and Jennifer Lopez all returning for their respective third, fourth... | How many seasons of American Idol have there been? | {'text': '15', 'answer_start': 27} |
1,202 | 860 | 56cbdea66d243a140015edae | generic | Fryderyk may have had some piano instruction from his mother, but his first professional music tutor, from 1816 to 1821, was the Czech pianist Wojciech Żywny. His elder sister Ludwika also took lessons from Żywny, and occasionally played duets with her brother. It quickly became apparent that he was a child prodigy. By... | At what age did Frédéric start giving public concerts? | {'text': '7', 'answer_start': 391} |
89,951 | 89,609 | 5ad40d8f604f3c001a4000e8 | generic | The Trans-Alaska Pipeline can transport and pump up to 2.1 million barrels (330,000 m3) of crude oil per day, more than any other crude oil pipeline in the United States. Additionally, substantial coal deposits are found in Alaska's bituminous, sub-bituminous, and lignite coal basins. The United States Geological Surve... | Alaska's coastline also has potential in which three environmentally friendly energy types? | {'text': 'wind and geothermal energy', 'answer_start': 637} |
52,465 | 52,123 | 57260cd1ec44d21400f3d845 | generic | The original early 19th-century interior designs, many of which survive, include widespread use of brightly coloured scagliola and blue and pink lapis, on the advice of Sir Charles Long. King Edward VII oversaw a partial redecoration in a Belle Époque cream and gold colour scheme. Many smaller reception rooms are furni... | Who suggested the use of brightly coloured scagliola and blue and pink lapis? | {'text': 'Sir Charles Long', 'answer_start': 169} |
74,016 | 73,674 | 572962873f37b319004782ef | generic | In 2010 and 2011, state and federal funds were awarded to Connecticut (and Massachusetts) to construct the Hartford Line, with a southern terminus at New Haven's Union Station and a northern terminus at Springfield's Union Station. According to the White House, "This corridor [currently] has one train per day connectin... | Generally how fast are these trains? | {'text': '180 km/h', 'answer_start': 902} |
75,303 | 74,961 | 57278c79dd62a815002ea00f | generic | International influences help to encourage legal actions to be taken in India, such as the Geneva Declaration of the Right of Children Act was passed in 1924. This act was followed by The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 to which incorporated the basic human rights and needs of children for proper progress... | What child working conditions are they protected from? | {'text': 'hazardous conditions', 'answer_start': 617} |
126,495 | 126,153 | 5a82119631013a001a33519e | generic | Humanists reacted against this utilitarian approach and the narrow pedantry associated with it. They sought to create a citizenry (frequently including women) able to speak and write with eloquence and clarity and thus capable of engaging the civic life of their communities and persuading others to virtuous and prudent... | Who disliked women the most? | {'text': 'Humanists', 'answer_start': 0} |
91,995 | 91,653 | 572900de3f37b31900477f61 | generic | Like the rest of France, Paris has been predominantly Roman Catholic since the early Middle Ages, though religious attendance is now low. A majority of Parisians are still nominally Roman Catholic. According to 2011 statistics, there are 106 parishes and curates in the city, plus separate parishes for Spanish, Polish a... | What is the most predominant religion in France? | {'text': 'Roman Catholic', 'answer_start': 54} |
6,995 | 6,653 | 56d9a315dc89441400fdb66e | generic | The longest-lived breeds, including Toy Poodles, Japanese Spitz, Border Terriers, and Tibetan Spaniels, have median longevities of 14 to 15 years. The median longevity of mixed-breed dogs, taken as an average of all sizes, is one or more years longer than that of purebred dogs when all breeds are averaged. The dog wide... | When did Bluey die? | {'text': '1939', 'answer_start': 380} |
21,523 | 21,181 | 56e887cd99e8941900975e6a | generic | The Federal Palace (Bundeshaus), built from 1857 to 1902, which houses the national parliament, government and part of the federal administration, can also be visited. | What is the Federal Palace called? | {'text': 'Bundeshaus', 'answer_start': 20} |
50,306 | 49,964 | 5724b5d10a492a1900435624 | generic | A dispute during the Lausanne Congress of Supreme Councils of 1875 prompted the Grand Orient de France to commission a report by a Protestant pastor which concluded that, as Freemasonry was not a religion, it should not require a religious belief. The new constitutions read, "Its principles are absolute liberty of cons... | Who withdrew recognition from the Grand Orient de France? | {'text': 'United Grand Lodge of England', 'answer_start': 681} |
102,270 | 101,928 | 57317e0505b4da19006bd1ec | generic | Gaddafi sought to develop closer links in the Maghreb; in January 1974 Libya and Tunisia announced a political union, the Arab Islamic Republic. Although advocated by Gaddafi and Tunisian President Habib Bourguiba, the move was deeply unpopular in Tunisia and soon abandoned. Retaliating, Gaddafi sponsored anti-governme... | Against what government was the Hassi Messaoud defense agreement directed against? | {'text': 'Moroccan', 'answer_start': 474} |
50,425 | 50,083 | 57264651dd62a815002e8030 | generic | The denomination with the longest history of objection to Freemasonry is the Roman Catholic Church. The objections raised by the Roman Catholic Church are based on the allegation that Masonry teaches a naturalistic deistic religion which is in conflict with Church doctrine. A number of Papal pronouncements have been is... | The Roman Catholic Church objection to Freemasons are based on what? | {'text': 'Masonry teaches a naturalistic deistic religion', 'answer_start': 184} |
40,833 | 40,491 | 570d5301fed7b91900d45ea7 | generic | Passive air defence is defined by NATO as "Passive measures taken for the physical defence and protection of personnel, essential installations and equipment in order to minimize the effectiveness of air and/or missile attack". It remains a vital activity by ground forces and includes camouflage and concealment to avoi... | Some airfield runways were painted green during what war? | {'text': 'the Cold War', 'answer_start': 468} |
61,847 | 61,505 | 572691ff708984140094ca75 | generic | Around the second century BC the first-known city-states emerged in central Myanmar. The city-states were founded as part of the southward migration by the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states, the earliest inhabitants of Myanmar of whom records are extant, from present-day Yunnan. The Pyu culture was heavily influen... | What period was the first known city states established in Myanmar? | {'text': 'Around the second century BC', 'answer_start': 0} |
78,068 | 77,726 | 5727b61fff5b5019007d9323 | generic | Ramanuja (c. 1037–1137) was the foremost proponent of the philosophy of Viśiṣṭādvaita or qualified non-dualism. Viśiṣṭādvaita advocated the concept of a Supreme Being with essential qualities or attributes. Viśiṣṭādvaitins argued against the Advaitin conception of Brahman as an impersonal empty oneness. They saw Brahma... | For the existence of what did the Visistadvaita philosophy argue? | {'text': 'Supreme Being', 'answer_start': 153} |
125,616 | 125,274 | 573342a9d058e614000b57f0 | generic | Prior to the crisis, financial institutions became highly leveraged, increasing their appetite for risky investments and reducing their resilience in case of losses. Much of this leverage was achieved using complex financial instruments such as off-balance sheet securitization and derivatives, which made it difficult f... | What did financial institutions do prior to the crisis? | {'text': 'became highly leveraged', 'answer_start': 44} |
116,813 | 116,471 | 5a4e914a755ab9001a10f4fe | generic | The majority of the world's airports are non-towered, with no air traffic control presence. However, at particularly busy airports, or airports with other special requirements, there is an air traffic control (ATC) system whereby controllers (usually ground-based) direct aircraft movements via radio or other communicat... | How are clearance delivery responsibilities divided? | {'text': 'into at least two main areas: ground and tower', 'answer_start': 524} |
44,663 | 44,321 | 5ad383dd604f3c001a3fe505 | generic | Elizabeth has held many titles and honorary military positions throughout the Commonwealth, is Sovereign of many orders in her own countries, and has received honours and awards from around the world. In each of her realms she has a distinct title that follows a similar formula: Queen of Jamaica and her other realms an... | What is one of Elizabeth's realms and territories besides Jamaica and Australia? | {'text': 'Isle of Man,', 'answer_start': 448} |
125,636 | 125,294 | 573349f34776f41900660800 | generic | The term financial innovation refers to the ongoing development of financial products designed to achieve particular client objectives, such as offsetting a particular risk exposure (such as the default of a borrower) or to assist with obtaining financing. Examples pertinent to this crisis included: the adjustable-rate... | What term refers to the ongoing development of financial products? | {'text': 'financial innovation', 'answer_start': 9} |
56,504 | 56,162 | 57265bf25951b619008f7085 | generic | For digital photo cameras ("digital still cameras"), an exposure index (EI) rating—commonly called ISO setting—is specified by the manufacturer such that the sRGB image files produced by the camera will have a lightness similar to what would be obtained with film of the same EI rating at the same exposure. The usual de... | What is another name for an exposure index rating? | {'text': 'ISO setting', 'answer_start': 99} |
99,346 | 99,004 | 5ace56ec32bba1001ae4a31f | generic | The core culture or Pengngan Chamorro is based on complex social protocol centered upon respect: From sniffing over the hands of the elders (called mangnginge in Chamorro), the passing down of legends, chants, and courtship rituals, to a person asking for permission from spiritual ancestors before entering a jungle or ... | What are used as slingstones by the Chamorro traditionally? | {'text': 'gourd', 'answer_start': 487} |
12,908 | 12,566 | 5ad2ded9d7d075001a42a596 | generic | In the past, the Malays used to call the Portuguese Serani from the Arabic Nasrani, but the term now refers to the modern Kristang creoles of Malaysia. | Who did the Malays call Kristang creoles in the past? | {'text': 'Portuguese', 'answer_start': 41} |
13,602 | 13,260 | 56dfb034231d4119001abc7c | generic | Hunter-gatherer societies manifest significant variability, depending on climate zone/life zone, available technology and societal structure. Archaeologists examine hunter-gatherer tool kits to measure variability across different groups. Collard et al. (2005) found temperature to be the only statistically significant ... | What does temperature impact on tool kits? | {'text': 'increased variability of tools', 'answer_start': 551} |
66,305 | 65,963 | 572699c4dd62a815002e8ab4 | generic | Burke was born in Dublin, Ireland. His mother Mary née Nagle (c. 1702 – 1770) was a Roman Catholic who hailed from a déclassé County Cork family (and a cousin of Nano Nagle), whereas his father, a successful solicitor, Richard (died 1761), was a member of the Church of Ireland; it remains unclear whether this is the sa... | When did Burke's mother die? | {'text': '1770', 'answer_start': 72} |
19,949 | 19,607 | 5ad3b8ce604f3c001a3fee5c | generic | Tristan da Cunha /ˈtrɪstən də ˈkuːnjə/, colloquially Tristan, is both a remote group of volcanic islands in the south Atlantic Ocean and the main island of that group. It is the most remote inhabited archipelago in the world, lying 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) from the nearest inhabited land, Saint Helena, 2,400 kilomet... | What is the name for the group of remote volcanic islands in the south Pacific Ocean? | {'text': 'Tristan da Cunha', 'answer_start': 0} |
33,752 | 33,410 | 570a78f94103511400d5974e | generic | The main active ingredient of beer is alcohol, and therefore, the health effects of alcohol apply to beer. Consumption of small quantities of alcohol (less than one drink in women and two in men) is associated with a decreased risk of cardiac disease, stroke and diabetes mellitus. The long term health effects of contin... | How many deaths are believed to have been caused by alcohol? | {'text': '3.3 million', 'answer_start': 446} |
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