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In the late 1800s, Presbyterian missionaries established a presence in what is now northern New Mexico. This provided an alternative to the Catholicism, which was brought to the area by the Spanish Conquistadors and had remained unchanged. The area experienced a "mini" reformation, in that many converts were made to Pr...
When the Catholic church arrived, it caused the United States to do what?
{'text': 'modernize and make efforts at winning the converts back', 'answer_start': 532}
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When the board has no embedded components it is more correctly called a printed wiring board (PWB) or etched wiring board. However, the term printed wiring board has fallen into disuse. A PCB populated with electronic components is called a printed circuit assembly (PCA), printed circuit board assembly or PCB assembly ...
A painted wiring board can also be called what?
{'text': 'etched wiring board', 'answer_start': 102}
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Allusions to legal issues in To Kill a Mockingbird, particularly in scenes outside of the courtroom, has drawn the attention from legal scholars. Claudia Durst Johnson writes that "a greater volume of critical readings has been amassed by two legal scholars in law journals than by all the literary scholars in literary ...
What is another name for Scout's pink cotton penitentiary?
{'text': 'frilly clothes', 'answer_start': 1185}
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Of the five original great powers recognised at the Congress of Vienna, only France and the United Kingdom have maintained that status continuously to the present day, although France was defeated in the Franco-Prussian War and occupied during World War II. After the Congress of Vienna, the British Empire emerged as th...
Who stated that "All politics reduces itself to this formula: try to be one of three, as long as the world is governed by the unstable equilibrium of five great powers.?"
{'text': 'Otto von Bismarck', 'answer_start': 596}
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A sample rate of 44.1 kHz is almost always used, because this is also used for CD audio, the main source used for creating MP3 files. A greater variety of bit rates are used on the Internet. The rate of 128 kbit/s is commonly used, at a compression ratio of 11:1, offering adequate audio quality in a relatively small sp...
The common bit rate on the internet is 128 kbit/s using which compression ratio?
{'text': '11:1', 'answer_start': 258}
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The Monument in the City of London provides views of the surrounding area while commemorating the Great Fire of London, which originated nearby. Marble Arch and Wellington Arch, at the north and south ends of Park Lane respectively, have royal connections, as do the Albert Memorial and Royal Albert Hall in Kensington. ...
The Monument, located in the City of London, was erected to commemorate what event?
{'text': 'the Great Fire of London', 'answer_start': 94}
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Larry Heard, a.k.a. "Mr. Fingers", claims that the term "house" became popular due to many of the early DJs creating music in their own homes using synthesizers and drum machines such as the Roland TR-808, TR-909, and the TB 303.[citation needed] These synthesizers were used to create a house subgenre called acid house...
what was the real name of Mr. Fingers?
{'text': 'Larry Heard', 'answer_start': 0}
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The accession of Valens gave a fresh lease of life to the Arian party. He issued a decree banishing the bishops who had been deposed by Constantius, but who had been permitted by Jovian to return to their sees. The news created the greatest consternation in the city of Alexandria itself, and the prefect, in order to pr...
Valens issued a decree banishing the bishops that were deposed by who?
{'text': 'Constantius', 'answer_start': 136}
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The geographical regions in which Iranian languages were spoken were pushed back in several areas by newly neighbouring languages. Arabic spread into some parts of Western Iran (Khuzestan), and Turkic languages spread through much of Central Asia, displacing various Iranian languages such as Sogdian and Bactrian in par...
By what century had the area inhabited by Sarmatians been absorbed by pre-Slavic people?
{'text': '6th century AD', 'answer_start': 731}
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Other 19th-century critics, following Rousseau have accepted this differentiation between higher and lower culture, but have seen the refinement and sophistication of high culture as corrupting and unnatural developments that obscure and distort people's essential nature. These critics considered folk music (as produce...
What was another name used for the corrupted high culture of the foreign people?
{'text': 'noble savages', 'answer_start': 528}
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Among the notable structures in the town are the three forts built by the Swedes for defense purposes. One of these forts, known as Fort Oscar (formerly Gustav Adolph), which overlooks the sea is located on the far side of La Pointe. However, the ruins have been replaced by a modern military building which now houses t...
In what year was Gustav Adolph renamed Fort Oscar?
{'text': '1787', 'answer_start': 563}
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By the early 1800s, Indian removal was a significant issue throughout the southeastern U.S. and also in Florida. In 1830, the U.S. Congress passed the Indian Removal Act and as settlement increased, pressure grew on the United States government to remove the Indians from Florida. Seminoles harbored runaway blacks, know...
What did congress pass in 1830
{'text': 'In 1830, the U.S. Congress passed the Indian Removal Act', 'answer_start': 113}
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New York grew in importance as a trading port while under British rule in the early 1700s. It also became a center of slavery, with 42% of households holding slaves by 1730, more than any other city other than Charleston, South Carolina. Most slaveholders held a few or several domestic slaves, but others hired them out...
Which city in North America held the most slaves in the 1700s?
{'text': 'Charleston, South Carolina', 'answer_start': 210}
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The Plymouth Brethren are a conservative, low church, evangelical movement, whose history can be traced to Dublin, Ireland, in the late 1820s, originating from Anglicanism. Among other beliefs, the group emphasizes sola scriptura. Brethren generally see themselves not as a denomination, but as a network, or even as a c...
When did the Plymouth Brethren originate?
{'text': 'late 1820s', 'answer_start': 131}
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Chen Qingying, Professor of History and Director of the History Studies Institute under the China Tibetology Research Center in Beijing, writes that the Ming court conferred new official positions on ex-Yuan Tibetan leaders of the Phachu Kargyu and granted them lower-ranking positions. Of the county (zong or dzong) lea...
Where is the China Tibetology Research Center located?
{'text': 'Beijing', 'answer_start': 128}
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Since the start of the 1994–95 season, the FA Cup has been sponsored. However, to protect the identity of the competition, the sponsored name has always included 'The FA Cup' in addition to the sponsor's name, unlike sponsorship deals for the League Cup where the word 'cup' is preceded by only the sponsor's name. Spons...
What is the competition called now?
{'text': 'The Emirates FA Cup', 'answer_start': 502}
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Later wax effigies include a likeness of Horatio, Viscount Nelson, wearing some of his own clothes and another of Prime Minister William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, modelled by the American-born sculptor Patience Wright.[citation needed] During recent conservation of Elizabeth I's effigy, a unique corset dating from 1603 wa...
Who modelled the effigies in the museum?
{'text': 'sculptor Patience Wright', 'answer_start': 190}
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Agriculture accounted for less than 20% of both net material product and total employment before the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. After independence, the importance of agriculture in the economy increased markedly, its share at the end of the 1990s rising to more than 30% of GDP and more than 40% of total e...
How much of total employment did agriculture account for at the end of the 1990s?
{'text': '40%', 'answer_start': 306}
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The thirteenth season premiered on January 15, 2014, with Ryan Seacrest returning as host. Randy Jackson and Keith Urban returned, though Jackson moved from the judging panel to the role of in-mentor. Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj left the panel after one season. Former judge Jennifer Lopez and former mentor Harry Conni...
What year did season 13 of American Idol first air?
{'text': '2014', 'answer_start': 47}
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Before the release of iOS 5, the iPod branding was used for the media player included with the iPhone and iPad, a combination of the Music and Videos apps on the iPod Touch. As of iOS 5, separate apps named "Music" and "Videos" are standardized across all iOS-powered products. While the iPhone and iPad have essentially...
What are the titles of the standard media apps on current Apple devices?
{'text': '"Music" and "Videos"', 'answer_start': 207}
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A number of world-leading education institutions are based in London. In the 2014/15 QS World University Rankings, Imperial College London is ranked joint 2nd in the world (alongside The University of Cambridge), University College London (UCL) is ranked 5th, and King's College London (KCL) is ranked 16th. The London S...
In terms of teaching and research, what is the world's foremost institute of social science?
{'text': 'London School of Economics', 'answer_start': 312}
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Colloquially, the term university may be used to describe a phase in one's life: "When I was at university..." (in the United States and Ireland, college is often used instead: "When I was in college..."). In Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Nigeria, the Netherlands, Spain and the German-speaking cou...
Spain refers to a university in what other way?
{'text': 'uni', 'answer_start': 361}
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For decades, the U.S. federal government strenuously tried to force Puerto Ricans to adopt English, to the extent of making them use English as the primary language of instruction in their high schools. It was completely unsuccessful, and retreated from that policy in 1948. Puerto Rico was able to maintain its Spanish ...
How did Puerto Rico stay an English speaking territory?
{'text': 'the relatively small, densely populated island', 'answer_start': 360}
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In his 2003 paper, "Human Genetic Diversity: Lewontin's Fallacy", A. W. F. Edwards argued that rather than using a locus-by-locus analysis of variation to derive taxonomy, it is possible to construct a human classification system based on characteristic genetic patterns, or clusters inferred from multilocus genetic dat...
What might genetic clusters be shown to correspond to one day?
{'text': 'phenotypic variations between groups', 'answer_start': 666}
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Richmond has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with hot and humid summers and generally cool winters. The mountains to the west act as a partial barrier to outbreaks of cold, continental air in winter; Arctic air is delayed long enough to be modified, then further warmed as it subsides in its approach to Richmo...
About how many days a year does the temperature in Richmond go above 32 degrees Celsius?
{'text': '43', 'answer_start': 996}
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In an essay on Sephardi Jewry, Daniel Elazar at the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs summarized the demographic history of Ashkenazi Jews in the last thousand years, noting that at the end of the 11th century, 97% of world Jewry was Sephardic and 3% Ashkenazi; by the end of XVI century, the: 'Treaty on the redemptio...
According to Daniel Elazar at the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, at the end of the 11th century, what percentage of the world's Jewry was Sephardic?
{'text': '97%', 'answer_start': 213}
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Like most other regions of central and southern Germany, Thuringia has a significant industrial sector reaching back to the mid-19th-century industrialisation. The economic transition after the German reunification in 1990 led to the closure of most large-scale factories and companies, leaving small and medium-sized on...
How far back does Thuringia's industrial sector go back?
{'text': 'the mid-19th-century industrialisation', 'answer_start': 120}
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Historical studies reveal that policing agents have undertaken a variety of cross-border police missions for many years (Deflem, 2002). For example, in the 19th century a number of European policing agencies undertook cross-border surveillance because of concerns about anarchist agitators and other political radicals. ...
Which police force monitored Karl Marx?
{'text': 'Prussian', 'answer_start': 381}
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The original town of San Diego was located at the foot of Presidio Hill, in the area which is now Old Town San Diego State Historic Park. The location was not ideal, being several miles away from navigable water. In 1850, William Heath Davis promoted a new development by the Bay shore called "New San Diego", several mi...
Who was largely responsible for the population growth of Downtown San Francisco?
{'text': 'Alonzo Horton', 'answer_start': 481}
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Internationally, the torch and its accompanying party traveled in a chartered Air China Airbus A330 (registered B-6075), painted in the red and yellow colors of the Olympic Games. Air China was chosen by the Beijing Committees of the Olympic Game as the designated Olympic torch carrier in March 2008 for its long-standi...
What was the name of the airline that transported the Olympic Torch?
{'text': 'Air China', 'answer_start': 78}
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In 1993, the newly formed government of Namibia received funding from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) through its Living in a Finite Environment (LIFE) Project. The Ministry of Environment and Tourism with the financial support from organisations such as USAID, Endangered Wildlife Trust, ...
What is the primary focus of USAID?
{'text': 'tourism', 'answer_start': 587}
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In 1965, Paul VI decided on the creation of a joint working group with the World Council of Churches to map all possible avenues of dialogue and cooperation. In the following three years, eight sessions were held which resulted in many joint proposals. It was proposed to work closely together in areas of social justice...
In what country did the World Council of Churches meet in 1968?
{'text': 'Sweden', 'answer_start': 680}
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Different cultures have evolved various ways of creating clothes out of cloth. One approach simply involves draping the cloth. Many people wore, and still wear, garments consisting of rectangles of cloth wrapped to fit – for example, the dhoti for men and the sari for women in the Indian subcontinent, the Scottish kilt...
What nationality wears kilts?
{'text': 'Scottish', 'answer_start': 307}
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On 3 November 2007, the Sichuan Transportation Bureau announced that the Sui-Yu Expressway was completed after three years of construction. After completion of the Chongqing section of the road, the 36.64 km (22.77 mi) expressway connected Cheng-Nan Expressway and formed the shortest expressway from Chengdu to Chongqin...
What was the longest espressway from Chengdu to Chongqing?
{'text': 'Sui-Yu Expressway', 'answer_start': 73}
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Roosevelt Boulevard and the Roosevelt Expressway (U.S. 1) connect Northeast Philadelphia with Center City. Woodhaven Road (Route 63), built in 1966, and Cottman Avenue (Route 73) serve the neighborhoods of Northeast Philadelphia, running between Interstate 95 and the Roosevelt Boulevard (U.S. 1). The Fort Washington Ex...
What is US-30 also known as?
{'text': 'Lancaster Avenue', 'answer_start': 510}
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Thermographic cameras detect radiation in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum (roughly 900–14,000 nanometers or 0.9–14 μm) and produce images of that radiation. Since infrared radiation is emitted by all objects based on their temperatures, according to the black body radiation law, thermography makes it...
In nanometers, what is the electromagnetic spectrum's range?
{'text': '900–14,000', 'answer_start': 102}
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Everton's second successful era started when Harry Catterick was made manager in 1961. In 1962–63, his second season in charge, Everton won the League title and in 1966 the FA Cup followed with a 3–2 win over Sheffield Wednesday. Everton again reached the final in 1968, but this time were unable to overcome West Bromwi...
What was the score of the first Everton game Harry Catterick managed?
{'text': '3–2', 'answer_start': 196}
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According to a study by the China Earthquake Administration (CEA), the earthquake occurred along the Longmenshan fault, a thrust structure along the border of the Indo-Australian Plate and Eurasian Plate. Seismic activities concentrated on its mid-fracture (known as Yingxiu-Beichuan fracture). The rupture lasted close ...
What was the most displacement caused by the earthquake?
{'text': '9 meters', 'answer_start': 577}
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Satyagraha, an opera by Philip Glass, uses texts from the Bhagavad Gita, sung in Sanskrit. The closing credits of The Matrix Revolutions has a prayer from the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad. The song "Cyber-raga" from Madonna's album Music includes Sanskrit chants, and Shanti/Ashtangi from her 1998 album Ray of Light, which ...
Where did the Gayatri Mantra taken from Rigveda come from?
{'text': 'Battlestar Galactica 2004', 'answer_start': 579}
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Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are mainly officials of the Roman Curia holding various posts in the church administration. Their number and influence has varied through the years. While historically predominantly Italian the group has become much more internationally diverse in later years. While in 1939 abou...
In 1939, how many Cardinals were Italian?
{'text': 'about half', 'answer_start': 316}
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During World War II, the development of the anti-aircraft proximity fuse required an electronic circuit that could withstand being fired from a gun, and could be produced in quantity. The Centralab Division of Globe Union submitted a proposal which met the requirements: a ceramic plate would be screenprinted with metal...
What company developed the first electronic circuit that could be mass produced and was durable enough to be fired from a gun?
{'text': 'Globe Union', 'answer_start': 210}
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Neptune has a number of known trojan objects occupying both the Sun–Neptune L4 and L5 Lagrangian points—gravitationally stable regions leading and trailing Neptune in its orbit, respectively. Neptune trojans can be viewed as being in a 1:1 resonance with Neptune. Some Neptune trojans are remarkably stable in their orbi...
What isn't the object identified with Neptune's trailing L5 Lagrangian point?
{'text': '2008 LC18', 'answer_start': 505}
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The migration-period peoples who later coalesced into a "German" ethnicity were the Germanic tribes of the Saxons, Franci, Thuringii, Alamanni and Bavarii. These five tribes, sometimes with inclusion of the Frisians, are considered as the major groups to take part in the formation of the Germans. The varieties of the G...
The tribes that moved out of east Germany took to inhabit what fallen empires lands?
{'text': 'Roman Empire', 'answer_start': 904}
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can coexist with asthma and can occur as a complication of chronic asthma. After the age of 65 most people with obstructive airway disease will have asthma and COPD. In this setting, COPD can be differentiated by increased airway neutrophils, abnormally increased wall thickness, an...
How can you tell who has stopped smoking and who hasn't?
{'text': 'increased airway neutrophils, abnormally increased wall thickness, and increased smooth muscle in the bronchi', 'answer_start': 251}
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However, leeches and their closest relatives have a body structure that is very uniform within the group but significantly different from that of other annelids, including other members of the Clitellata. In leeches there are no septa, the connective tissue layer of the body wall is so thick that it occupies much of th...
What lines the bones of leeches?
{'text': 'mesothelium', 'answer_start': 533}
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A freight elevator, or goods lift, is an elevator designed to carry goods, rather than passengers. Freight elevators are generally required to display a written notice in the car that the use by passengers is prohibited (though not necessarily illegal), though certain freight elevators allow dual use through the use of...
What is another name for a freight elevator?
{'text': 'goods lift', 'answer_start': 23}
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Zhejiang is mountainous and has therefore fostered the development of many distinct local cultures. Linguistically speaking, Zhejiang is extremely diverse. Most inhabitants of Zhejiang speak Wu, but the Wu dialects are very diverse, especially in the south, where one valley may speak a dialect completely unintelligible...
What type of geography is Zhejiang never considered?
{'text': 'mountainous', 'answer_start': 12}
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In 2002 the Antarctic Peninsula's Larsen-B ice shelf collapsed. Between 28 February and 8 March 2008, about 570 km2 (220 sq mi) of ice from the Wilkins Ice Shelf on the southwest part of the peninsula collapsed, putting the remaining 15,000 km2 (5,800 sq mi) of the ice shelf at risk. The ice was being held back by a "t...
How large was the ice chunk that melted and refroze?
{'text': 'California', 'answer_start': 543}
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An example of the first view is the regulation of attorneys and judges, and the establishment of rules for the conduct of the courts, by the Congress and in the states the legislatures. Although in practice these matters are delegated to the Supreme Court, the Congress holds these powers and delegates them to the Supre...
While Supreme Court holds these powers, who does it delegate them to?
{'text': 'Congress', 'answer_start': 261}
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Musée Territorial de St.-Barthélemy is a historical museum known as the "St. Barts Municipal Museum" also called the "Wall House" (musée – bibliothèque) in Gustavia, which is located on the far end of La Pointe. The museum is housed in an old stone house, a two-storey building which has been refurbished. The island’s h...
What is the Swedish name for the historic museum in St. Barts?
{'text': 'Musée Territorial de St.-Barthélemy', 'answer_start': 0}
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Henry II wanted to secure the southern borders of Aquitaine and decided to betroth his youngest son to Alais, the daughter and heiress of Humbert III of Savoy. As part of this agreement John was promised the future inheritance of Savoy, Piedmont, Maurienne, and the other possessions of Count Humbert. For his part in th...
Henry II wanted to secure the southern borders of what?
{'text': 'Aquitaine', 'answer_start': 50}
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The initial cost of an incandescent bulb is small compared to the cost of the energy it uses over its lifetime. Incandescent bulbs have a shorter life than most other lighting, an important factor if replacement is inconvenient or expensive. Some types of lamp, including incandescent and fluorescent, emit less light as...
What is more cost-effective, heat from incandescent bulbs or heat from a building's heating system?
{'text': 'heat from the heating system', 'answer_start': 1040}
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Tucson's primary electrical power source is a coal and natural gas power-plant managed by Tucson Electric Power that is situated within the city limits on the south-western boundary of Davis-Monthan Air-force base adjacent to Interstate-10. The air pollution generated has raised some concerns as the Sundt operating sta...
Who runs Tucson's main power plant?
{'text': 'Tucson Electric Power', 'answer_start': 90}
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Bern lies on the Swiss plateau in the Canton of Bern, slightly west of the centre of Switzerland and 20 km (12 mi) north of the Bernese Alps. The countryside around Bern was formed by glaciers during the most recent Ice Age. The two mountains closest to Bern are Gurten with a height of 864 m (2,835 ft) and Bantiger wit...
What is the tallest mountain closests to Bern?
{'text': 'Bantiger', 'answer_start': 308}
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For example, 1920×1080p25 identifies progressive scanning format with 25 frames per second, each frame being 1,920 pixels wide and 1,080 pixels high. The 1080i25 or 1080i50 notation identifies interlaced scanning format with 25 frames (50 fields) per second, each frame being 1,920 pixels wide and 1,080 pixels high. The...
The 580i25 or 1380i50 notion identifies interlaced scanning format with how many frames per second?
{'text': '25', 'answer_start': 225}
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Although its PlayStation predecessors had been very dominant against the competition and were hugely profitable for Sony, PlayStation 3 had an inauspicious start, and Sony chairman and CEO Sir Howard Stringer initially could not convince investors of a turnaround in its fortunes. The PS3 lacked the unique gameplay of t...
What did Wii offer that PS3 could compete with?
{'text': 'unique gameplay', 'answer_start': 300}
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Several of the city's large general museums are located near the Boulevard. On Boulevard proper are the Virginia Historical Society and the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, lending their name to what is sometimes called the Museum District. Nearby on Broad Street is the Science Museum of Virginia, housed in the neoclassic...
What museum is next to the Science Museum of Virginia?
{'text': "Children's Museum of Richmond", 'answer_start': 391}
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For centuries, Jews worldwide have spoken the local or dominant languages of the regions they migrated to, often developing distinctive dialectal forms or branches that became independent languages. Yiddish is the Judæo-German language developed by Ashkenazi Jews who migrated to Central Europe. Ladino is the Judæo-Span...
For how long have Jews not spoken the local languages of the regions they migrated to?
{'text': 'centuries', 'answer_start': 4}
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Investitures, which include the conferring of knighthoods by dubbing with a sword, and other awards take place in the palace's Ballroom, built in 1854. At 36.6 m (120 ft) long, 18 m (59 ft) wide and 13.5 m (44 ft) high, it is the largest room in the palace. It has replaced the throne room in importance and use. During ...
Which room has The Ballroom replaced in terms of both use and importance?
{'text': 'the throne room', 'answer_start': 274}
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Despite efforts to revive Hebrew as the national language of the Jewish people, knowledge of the language is not commonly possessed by Jews worldwide and English has emerged as the lingua franca of the Jewish diaspora. Although many Jews once had sufficient knowledge of Hebrew to study the classic literature, and Jewis...
What language is spoken by more Jews in history than any other language?
{'text': 'Yiddish', 'answer_start': 686}
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By 1640, the town's theocratic government and nine-square grid plan were in place, and the town was renamed Newhaven from Quinnipiac. However, the area north of New Haven remained Quinnipiac until 1678, when it was renamed Hamden. The settlement became the headquarters of the New Haven Colony. At the time, the New Have...
In what year was the northern area of New Haven renamed Hamden?
{'text': '1678', 'answer_start': 197}
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Provided some additional requirements are met (e.g. providing an authoritative statement of the archivist), the United States patent office and the European Patent Office will accept date stamps from the Internet Archive as evidence of when a given Web page was accessible to the public. These dates are used to determin...
What are used to determine if a patent is available?
{'text': 'dates', 'answer_start': 294}
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Schwarzenegger was a founding celebrity investor in the Planet Hollywood chain of international theme restaurants (modeled after the Hard Rock Cafe) along with Bruce Willis, Sylvester Stallone and Demi Moore. Schwarzenegger severed his financial ties with the business in early 2000. Schwarzenegger said the company had ...
When did Schwarzenegger withdraw from involvement with Planet Hollywood?
{'text': '2000', 'answer_start': 278}
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Aristotle however suggested that swallows and other birds hibernated. This belief persisted as late as 1878, when Elliott Coues listed the titles of no less than 182 papers dealing with the hibernation of swallows. Even the "highly observant" Gilbert White, in his posthumously published 1789 The Natural History of Selb...
Until what year did the belief of hibernating birds persist?
{'text': '1878', 'answer_start': 103}
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In 1898, Bell experimented with tetrahedral box kites and wings constructed of multiple compound tetrahedral kites covered in maroon silk.[N 23] The tetrahedral wings were named Cygnet I, II and III, and were flown both unmanned and manned (Cygnet I crashed during a flight carrying Selfridge) in the period from 1907–19...
Who was on Cygnet I when it crashed?
{'text': 'Selfridge', 'answer_start': 283}
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In the instance when the Presidency and both Houses of Congress are controlled by one party, the Speaker normally assumes a lower profile and defers to the President. For that situation the House Minority Leader can play the role of a de facto "leader of the opposition", often more so than the Senate Minority Leader, d...
What minority leaders have played prominenct roles to opposing incumbent president?
{'text': 'Gerald Ford, Richard Gephardt, Nancy Pelosi, and John Boehner', 'answer_start': 499}
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After a lengthy period of formal racial segregation in the former Confederacy following the Reconstruction Era, and bans on interracial marriage in various parts of the country, more people are openly forming interracial unions. In addition, social conditions have changed and many multiracial people do not believe it i...
What has brought more mixed race people to the US?
{'text': '. Diverse immigration has brought more mixed-race people into the United States', 'answer_start': 369}
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Using histological stains on expectorated samples from phlegm (also called "sputum"), scientists can identify MTB under a microscope. Since MTB retains certain stains even after being treated with acidic solution, it is classified as an acid-fast bacillus. The most common acid-fast staining techniques are the Ziehl–Nee...
If a scientist didn't want to use an acid-fast staining technique, what type of microscopy could they use instead?
{'text': 'fluorescence', 'answer_start': 470}
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The FBI is organized into functional branches and the Office of the Director, which contains most administrative offices. An executive assistant director manages each branch. Each branch is then divided into offices and divisions, each headed by an assistant director. The various divisions are further divided into sub-...
Who manages each CIA branch?
{'text': 'executive assistant director', 'answer_start': 125}
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Currently, the largest professional wrestling company worldwide is the United States-based WWE, which bought out many smaller regional companies in the late 20th century, as well as its primary US competitors WCW and Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) in early 2001. Other prominent professional wrestling companies wo...
What is the biggest wrestling company?
{'text': 'the United States-based WWE', 'answer_start': 67}
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Because of the vastness and diversity of the territory occupied by Slavic people, there were several centers of Slavic consolidation. In the 19th century, Pan-Slavism developed as a movement among intellectuals, scholars, and poets, but it rarely influenced practical politics and did not find support in some nations th...
When did the Russian Empire create pan-slavism?
{'text': 'the 19th century', 'answer_start': 137}
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Since the middle of the 19th century, Masonic historians have sought the origins of the movement in a series of similar documents known as the Old Charges, dating from the Regius Poem in about 1425 to the beginning of the 18th century. Alluding to the membership of a lodge of operative masons, they relate a mythologise...
The fifteenth century also shows evidence of what in Masonic history?
{'text': 'ceremonial regalia.', 'answer_start': 494}
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Gram quantities of various copper salts have been taken in suicide attempts and produced acute copper toxicity in humans, possibly due to redox cycling and the generation of reactive oxygen species that damage DNA. Corresponding amounts of copper salts (30 mg/kg) are toxic in animals. A minimum dietary value for health...
What amount of copper salt is toxic in animals?
{'text': '30 mg/kg', 'answer_start': 254}
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Others argue that the rule of law has survived but was transformed to allow for the exercise of discretion by administrators. For much of American history, the dominant notion of the rule of law, in this setting, has been some version of A. V. Dicey's: “no man is punishable or can be lawfully made to suffer in body or ...
Who can determine if a law should be approached differently?
{'text': 'administrators', 'answer_start': 110}
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The 2004 election was the first to be affected by the campaign finance reforms mandated by the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (also known as the McCain–Feingold Bill for its sponsors in the United States Senate). Because of the Act's restrictions on candidates' and parties' fundraising, a large number of so-cal...
What act was passed during the 2000 campaign?
{'text': 'the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act', 'answer_start': 91}
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Most food in Alaska is transported into the state from "Outside", and shipping costs make food in the cities relatively expensive. In rural areas, subsistence hunting and gathering is an essential activity because imported food is prohibitively expensive. Though most small towns and villages in Alaska lie along the coa...
Which state in the US is the only to have lower fuel prices than Alaska?
{'text': 'Hawaii', 'answer_start': 979}
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Bern is also served by Bern Airport, located outside the city near the town of Belp. The regional airport, colloquially called Bern-Belp or Belpmoos, is connected to several European cities. Additionally Zürich Airport, Geneva Airport and EuroAirport Basel-Mulhouse-Freiburg also serve as international gateways, all rea...
What is the name of Bern's airport?
{'text': 'Bern Airport', 'answer_start': 23}
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A new device for granting assent was created during the reign of King Henry VIII. In 1542, Henry sought to execute his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, whom he accused of committing adultery; the execution was to be authorised not after a trial but by a bill of attainder, to which he would have to personally assent after ...
Who was the last monarch to grant assent personally?
{'text': 'Queen Victoria', 'answer_start': 902}
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Although each institution is organized differently, nearly all universities have a board of trustees; a president, chancellor, or rector; at least one vice president, vice-chancellor, or vice-rector; and deans of various divisions. Universities are generally divided into a number of academic departments, schools or fac...
What are the different departments of a university called?
{'text': 'schools or faculties', 'answer_start': 306}
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There is confusion currently as to the name of the eldest Vinaccia luthier who first ran the shop. His name has been put forth as Gennaro Vinaccia (active c. 1710 to c. 1788) and Nic. Vinaccia. His son Antonio Vinaccia was active c. 1734 to c. 1796. An early extant example of a mandolin is one built by Antonio Vinaccia...
Who built an early mandolin in 1795?
{'text': 'Antonio Vinaccia', 'answer_start': 304}
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If the aircraft are VTOL-capable or helicopters, they do not need to decelerate and hence there is no such need. The arrested-recovery system has used an angled deck since the 1950s because, in case the aircraft does not catch the arresting wire, the short deck allows easier take off by reducing the number of objects b...
What does the angled deck separate the recovery operation area from?
{'text': 'the launch area', 'answer_start': 440}
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Shortly after his birth, John was passed from Eleanor into the care of a wet nurse, a traditional practice for medieval noble families. Eleanor then left for Poitiers, the capital of Aquitaine, and sent John and his sister Joan north to Fontevrault Abbey. This may have been done with the aim of steering her youngest so...
John was taught by who?
{'text': 'Ranulph Glanville', 'answer_start': 737}
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In practice, not all rule violations will result in a disqualification as the referee may use their own judgement and is not obligated to stop the match. Usually, the only offenses that the referee will see and immediately disqualify the match on (as opposed to having multiple offenses) are low blows, weapon usage, int...
What must the referee do to rule the match at an end via disqualification?
{'text': 'must see the violation with their own eyes', 'answer_start': 376}
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Second, Democrats have always elevated their minority floor leader to the speakership upon reclaiming majority status. Republicans have not always followed this leadership succession pattern. In 1919, for instance, Republicans bypassed James R. Mann, R-IL, who had been minority leader for eight years, and elected Frede...
Who was Frederick Gillett a protege of?
{'text': 'autocratic Speaker Joseph Cannon', 'answer_start': 466}
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At the end of November, Chopin returned to Paris. He passed the winter in unremitting illness, but gave occasional lessons and was visited by friends, including Delacroix and Franchomme. Occasionally he played, or accompanied the singing of Delfina Potocka, for his friends. During the summer of 1849, his friends found ...
Who was anonymously paying for Chopin's apartment?
{'text': 'Princess Obreskoff', 'answer_start': 439}
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Generally, the greater the contact and exchange that have existed between two languages, or between those languages and a third one, the greater is the ratio of metaphrase to paraphrase that may be used in translating among them. However, due to shifts in ecological niches of words, a common etymology is sometimes misl...
How would you convey that something is "presently of importance" in Swedish?
{'text': 'aktuell', 'answer_start': 586}
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Some contemporaries alleged that Bonaparte was put under house arrest at Nice for his association with the Robespierres following their fall in the Thermidorian Reaction in July 1794, but Napoleon's secretary Bourrienne disputed the allegation in his memoirs. According to Bourrienne, jealousy was responsible, between t...
When did the Thermidorian Reaction take place?
{'text': 'July 1794', 'answer_start': 173}
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The early settlement was often subject to attack from sea and land, including periodic assaults from Spain and France (both of whom contested England's claims to the region), and pirates. These were combined with raids by Native Americans, who tried to protect themselves from so-called European "settlers," who in turn ...
Which group raided the settlement as a means to protect themselves from settlers?
{'text': 'Native Americans', 'answer_start': 222}
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Beyoncé and her mother introduced House of Deréon, a contemporary women's fashion line, in 2005. The concept is inspired by three generations of women in their family, the name paying tribute to Beyoncé's grandmother, Agnèz Deréon, a respected seamstress. According to Tina, the overall style of the line best reflects h...
What types of garments are sold by Beyonce's clothing line?
{'text': 'sportswear, denim offerings with fur, outerwear and accessories that include handbags and footwear', 'answer_start': 670}
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The High Middle Ages was a period of tremendous expansion of population. The estimated population of Europe grew from 35 to 80 million between 1000 and 1347, although the exact causes remain unclear: improved agricultural techniques, the decline of slaveholding, a more clement climate and the lack of invasion have all ...
Along with manors, where did peasants in the High Middle Ages often live?
{'text': 'villages', 'answer_start': 525}
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When Ibn Sina was 22 years old, he lost his father. The Samanid dynasty came to its end in December 1004. Ibn Sina seems to have declined the offers of Mahmud of Ghazni, and proceeded westwards to Urgench in modern Turkmenistan, where the vizier, regarded as a friend of scholars, gave him a small monthly stipend. The p...
What modern country did Ibn Sina travel to after the end of the Samanid dynasty?
{'text': 'Turkmenistan', 'answer_start': 215}
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In response to concerns that clubs were increasingly passing over young English players in favour of foreign players, in 1999, the Home Office tightened its rules for granting work permits to players from countries outside of the European Union. A non-EU player applying for the permit must have played for his country i...
In what year did the Home Office tighten its rules for clubs wishing to sign players?
{'text': '1999', 'answer_start': 121}
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Children working at a young age has been a consistent theme throughout Africa. Many children began first working in the home to help their parents run the family farm. Children in Africa today are often forced into exploitative labour due to family debt and other financial factors, leading to ongoing poverty. Other typ...
How many children in Africa are working in the arigucultural sector?
{'text': 'estimated five million', 'answer_start': 460}
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In the 1960s, the term bandes dessinées ("drawn strips") came into wide use in French to denote the medium. Cartoonists began creating comics for mature audiences, and the term "Ninth Art"[e] was coined, as comics began to attract public and academic attention as an artform. A group including René Goscinny and Albert U...
What year did Pilote end?
{'text': '1959', 'answer_start': 357}
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One of the major developments in the military sphere during the Late Middle Ages was the increased use of infantry and light cavalry. The English also employed longbowmen, but other countries were unable to create similar forces with the same success. Armour continued to advance, spurred by the increasing power of cros...
What troops were uniquely successful in English service?
{'text': 'longbowmen', 'answer_start': 160}
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Chopin's public popularity as a virtuoso began to wane, as did the number of his pupils, and this, together with the political strife and instability of the time, caused him to struggle financially. In February 1848, with the cellist Auguste Franchomme, he gave his last Paris concert, which included three movements of ...
Who did Chopin have at his last Parisian concert in 1848?
{'text': 'Auguste Franchomme', 'answer_start': 234}
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The Alps are a classic example of what happens when a temperate area at lower altitude gives way to higher-elevation terrain. Elevations around the world that have cold climates similar to those of the polar regions have been called Alpine. A rise from sea level into the upper regions of the atmosphere causes the tempe...
Elevations around the world that have a cold climate similar to that of the polar region have been called what?
{'text': 'Alpine', 'answer_start': 233}
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By the start of the 20th century, Germany and the United States challenged Britain's economic lead. Subsequent military and economic tensions between Britain and Germany were major causes of the First World War, during which Britain relied heavily upon its empire. The conflict placed enormous strain on the military, fi...
How many overseas territories remain under British sovereignty?
{'text': 'Fourteen', 'answer_start': 1051}
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The brain generally forms a ring round the pharynx (throat), consisting of a pair of ganglia (local control centers) above and in front of the pharynx, linked by nerve cords either side of the pharynx to another pair of ganglia just below and behind it. The brains of polychaetes are generally in the prostomium, while t...
Where are polychaetes' brains?
{'text': 'in the prostomium', 'answer_start': 294}
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When their migratory movements ended, there appeared among the Slavs the first rudiments of state organizations, each headed by a prince with a treasury and a defense force. Moreover, it was the beginnings of class differentiation, and nobles pledged allegiance either to the Frankish/ Holy Roman Emperors or the Byzanti...
Who did the Byzantine Emperors pledge allegiance to?
{'text': 'nobles', 'answer_start': 236}