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The club's original crest was a quartered diamond-shaped crest topped by the Crown of Aragon and the bat of King James, and surrounded by two branches, one of a laurel tree and the other a palm. In 1910 the club held a competition among its members to design a new crest. The winner was Carles Comamala, who at the time ...
Beside a palm, what tree appears on the crest?
{'text': 'laurel', 'answer_start': 161}
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In the autumn of 2009, Glee featured the fictional high school's show choir singing "Somebody to Love" as their second act performance in the episode "The Rhodes Not Taken". The performance was included on the show's Volume 1 soundtrack CD. In June 2010, the choir performed "Another One Bites the Dust" in the episode "...
What Queen song was performed on a May 2012 episode of Glee?
{'text': 'We Are the Champions', 'answer_start': 529}
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Exposure to antibiotics early in life is associated with increased body mass in humans and mouse models. Early life is a critical period for the establishment of the intestinal microbiota and for metabolic development. Mice exposed to subtherapeutic antibiotic treatment (STAT)– with either penicillin, vancomycin, penic...
What is one common result of using genes from a young age?
{'text': 'increased body mass', 'answer_start': 57}
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Each play constitutes a down. The offence must advance the ball at least ten yards towards the opponents' goal line within three downs or forfeit the ball to their opponents. Once ten yards have been gained the offence gains a new set of three downs (rather than the four downs given in American football). Downs do not ...
What is another term for a completed play?
{'text': 'down', 'answer_start': 24}
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The Roman Republic (Latin: Res publica Romana; Classical Latin: [ˈreːs ˈpuːb.lɪ.ka roːˈmaː.na]) was the period of ancient Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom, traditionally dated to 509 BC, and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire. It was during this period that Ro...
When did the Roman Republic begin?
{'text': '509 BC', 'answer_start': 215}
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Some people consider glass to be a liquid due to its lack of a first-order phase transition where certain thermodynamic variables such as volume, entropy and enthalpy are discontinuous through the glass transition range. The glass transition may be described as analogous to a second-order phase transition where the int...
Transition in glass is comparable to what?
{'text': 'a second-order phase transition', 'answer_start': 275}
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Kerry was arrested on May 30, 1971, during a VVAW march to honor American POWs held captive by North Vietnam. The march was planned as a multi-day event from Concord to Boston, and while in Lexington, participants tried to camp on the village green. At 2:30 a.m., local and state police arrested 441 demonstrators, inclu...
Who was being honored on May 30, 1971?
{'text': 'American POWs held captive by North Vietnam', 'answer_start': 65}
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Laird writes that the Ming appointed titles to eastern Tibetan princes, and that "these alliances with eastern Tibetan principalities are the evidence China now produces for its assertion that the Ming ruled Tibet," despite the fact that the Ming did not send an army to replace the Mongols after they left Tibet. Yiu Yu...
Who did the Ming appoint titles to?
{'text': 'eastern Tibetan princes', 'answer_start': 47}
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Many of the leading universities associated with Enlightenment progressive principles were located in northern Europe, with the most renowned being the universities of Leiden, Göttingen, Halle, Montpellier, Uppsala and Edinburgh. These universities, especially Edinburgh, produced professors whose ideas had a significan...
Which university, especially, produced professors whose ideas had a significant impact on the colonies?
{'text': 'Edinburgh', 'answer_start': 261}
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In the UK, Italy and Australia which share the PAL A region, two versions of the NES were released; the "Mattel Version" and "NES Version". When the NES was first released in those countries, it was distributed by Mattel and Nintendo decided to use a lockout chip specific to those countries, different from the chip use...
Which three countries share the PAL A region?
{'text': 'UK, Italy and Australia', 'answer_start': 7}
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Criminal law involves the prosecution by the state of wrongful acts which are considered to be so serious that they are a breach of the sovereign's peace (and cannot be deterred or remedied by mere lawsuits between private parties). Generally, crimes can result in incarceration, but torts (see below) cannot. The majori...
What do torts lead to?
{'text': 'incarceration', 'answer_start': 265}
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Subsequently, in October 2001, U.S. forces (with UK and coalition allies) invaded Afghanistan to oust the Taliban regime. On 7 October 2001, the official invasion began with British and U.S. forces conducting airstrike campaigns over enemy targets. Kabul, the capital city of Afghanistan, fell by mid-November. The remai...
What is the name of the mountain range in Kabul?
{'text': 'Tora Bora', 'answer_start': 420}
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West's fourth studio album, 808s & Heartbreak (2008), marked an even more radical departure from his previous releases, largely abandoning rap and hip hop stylings in favor of a stark electropop sound composed of virtual synthesis, the Roland TR-808 drum machine, and explicitly auto-tuned vocal tracks. Drawing inspirat...
What kind of sound did Kanye abandon a rap and hiphop one for with his fourth album?
{'text': 'electropop', 'answer_start': 184}
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There has been much debate over categorizing the situation in Darfur as genocide. The ongoing conflict in Darfur, Sudan, which started in 2003, was declared a "genocide" by United States Secretary of State Colin Powell on 9 September 2004 in testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. Since that time howev...
In front of which committee did Powell testify?
{'text': 'the Senate Foreign Relations Committee', 'answer_start': 259}
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Dvaitādvaita was proposed by Nimbarka, a 13th-century Vaishnava Philosopher from the Andhra region. According to this philosophy there are three categories of existence: Brahman, soul, and matter. Soul and matter are different from Brahman in that they have attributes and capacities different from Brahman. Brahman exis...
Who is Radha's consort?
{'text': 'Krishna', 'answer_start': 574}
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At launch, the Xbox 360 was available in two configurations: the "Xbox 360" package (unofficially known as the 20 GB Pro or Premium), priced at US$399 or GB£279.99, and the "Xbox 360 Core", priced at US$299 and GB£209.99. The original shipment of the Xbox 360 version included a cut-down version of the Media Remote as a...
What replaced the Arcade package?
{'text': 'Xbox 360 Core', 'answer_start': 385}
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Thus, Buckingham Palace is a symbol and home of the British monarchy, an art gallery and a tourist attraction. Behind the gilded railings and gates which were completed by the Bromsgrove Guild in 1911 and Webb's famous façade, which has been described in a book published by the Royal Collection as looking "like everybo...
Aside from being the home of the monarchy and a tourist attraction, what else is Buckingham Palace known for?
{'text': 'art gallery', 'answer_start': 73}
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A group of seven companies began the development of USB in 1994: Compaq, DEC, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC, and Nortel. The goal was to make it fundamentally easier to connect external devices to PCs by replacing the multitude of connectors at the back of PCs, addressing the usability issues of existing interfaces, and s...
How many companies developed USB's?
{'text': 'seven', 'answer_start': 11}
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Southampton's police service is provided by Hampshire Constabulary. The main base of the Southampton operation is a new, eight storey purpose-built building which cost £30 million to construct. The building, located on Southern Road, opened in 2011 and is near to Southampton Central railway station. Previously, the cen...
On what street in Southampton is the police headquarters for the city?
{'text': 'Southern Road', 'answer_start': 219}
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Opponents of the Endangered Species Act argue that with over 2,000 endangered species listed, and only 28 delisted due to recovery, the success rate of 1% over nearly three decades proves that there needs to be serious reform in their methods to actually help the endangered animals and plants. Others argue that the ESA...
How long has the ESA been using the "Shoot, Shovel, and Shut-up" method?
{'text': 'nearly three decades', 'answer_start': 160}
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In addition, Federal Records Centers exist in each region that house materials owned by Federal agencies. Federal Records Centers are not open for public research. For example, the FRC in Lenexa, Kansas holds items from the treatment of John F. Kennedy after his fatal shooting in 1963.
In what year was JFK elected President?
{'text': '1963', 'answer_start': 281}
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In philosophy, idealism is the group of philosophies which assert that reality, or reality as we can know it, is fundamentally mental, mentally constructed, or otherwise immaterial. Epistemologically, idealism manifests as a skepticism about the possibility of knowing any mind-independent thing. In a sociological sense...
What is dualism skeptical about?
{'text': 'knowing any mind-independent thing', 'answer_start': 261}
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After the success of his song "Jesus Walks" from the album The College Dropout, West was questioned on his beliefs and said, "I will say that I'm spiritual. I have accepted Jesus as my Savior. And I will say that I fall short every day." More recently, in September 2014, West referred to himself as a Christian during o...
September of 2014, Kanye called himself a what during one of his concerts?
{'text': 'Christian', 'answer_start': 302}
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The peaceful introduction of Islam in the early medieval era of Somalia's history brought Islamic architectural influences from Arabia and Persia. This had the effect of stimulating a shift in construction from drystone and other related materials to coral stone, sundried bricks, and the widespread use of limestone in ...
Before Islam was introduced, what was a common building material in Somalia?
{'text': 'drystone', 'answer_start': 211}
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Pippy Park is an urban park located in the east end of the city; with over 3,400 acres (14 km2) of land, it is one of Canada's largest urban parks. The park contains a range of recreational facilities including two golf courses, Newfoundland and Labrador's largest serviced campground, walking and skiing trails as well ...
How many golf courses does Pippy Park have?
{'text': 'two', 'answer_start': 211}
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The transition from the mandolino to the mandolin began around 1744 with the designing of the metal-string mandolin by the Vinaccia family, 3 brass strings and one of gut, using friction tuning pegs on a fingerboard that sat "flush" with the sound table. The mandolin grew in popularity over the next 60 years, in the st...
What year was the beginning of the transition from mandolino to mandolin?
{'text': '1744', 'answer_start': 63}
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It was believed that when people died, they would be confined to a gloomy world of Ereshkigal, whose realm was guarded by gateways with various monsters designed to prevent people entering or leaving. The dead were buried outside the city walls in graveyards where a small mound covered the corpse, along with offerings ...
What realm was guarded by gateways containing various monsters?
{'text': 'Ereshkigal', 'answer_start': 83}
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In the Al-Burhan (On Demonstration) section of The Book of Healing, Avicenna discussed the philosophy of science and described an early scientific method of inquiry. He discusses Aristotle's Posterior Analytics and significantly diverged from it on several points. Avicenna discussed the issue of a proper methodology fo...
What method did Avucenna claim led to absolute certainty?
{'text': 'Aristotelian induction', 'answer_start': 938}
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The cheerful crowds visiting bomb sites were so large they interfered with rescue work, pub visits increased in number (beer was never rationed), and 13,000 attended cricket at Lord's. People left shelters when told instead of refusing to leave, although many housewives reportedly enjoyed the break from housework. Some...
What was Churchill's highest rating?
{'text': '89%', 'answer_start': 702}
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Ganondorf then revives, and Midna teleports Link and Zelda outside the castle so she can hold him off with the Fused Shadows. However, as Hyrule Castle collapses, it is revealed that Ganondorf was victorious as he crushes Midna's helmet. Ganondorf engages Link on horseback, and, assisted by Zelda and the Light Spirits,...
Who does Midna teleport?
{'text': 'Link and Zelda', 'answer_start': 44}
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The president, as noted above, appoints judges with the Senate's advice and consent. He also has the power to issue pardons and reprieves. Such pardons are not subject to confirmation by either the House of Representatives or the Senate, or even to acceptance by the recipient.
Who appoints the President with the approval of judges?
{'text': 'Senate', 'answer_start': 56}
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A study from the Mediterranean Migration Observatory maintains that the 2001 census recorded 762,191 persons residing in Greece without Greek citizenship, constituting around 7% of total population. Of the non-citizen residents, 48,560 were EU or European Free Trade Association nationals and 17,426 were Cypriots with p...
In 2001, what was the population percentage of resident non-citizens?
{'text': '7%', 'answer_start': 175}
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Another potential weapon system for anti-aircraft use is the laser. Although air planners have imagined lasers in combat since the late 1960s, only the most modern laser systems are currently reaching what could be considered "experimental usefulness". In particular the Tactical High Energy Laser can be used in the ant...
What laser can currently be used in the type of role that was first thought of in the late 1960s?
{'text': 'Tactical High Energy Laser', 'answer_start': 271}
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Later wax effigies include a likeness of Horatio, Viscount Nelson, wearing some of his own clothes and another of Prime Minister William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, modelled by the American-born sculptor Patience Wright.[citation needed] During recent conservation of Elizabeth I's effigy, a unique corset dating from 1603 wa...
What is the effigy of Discount Nelson wearing?
{'text': 'some of his own clothes', 'answer_start': 75}
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Collective training at the unit level takes place at the unit's assigned station, but the most intensive training at higher echelons is conducted at the three combat training centers (CTC); the National Training Center (NTC) at Fort Irwin, California, the Joint Readiness Training Center (JRTC) at Fort Polk, Louisiana, ...
What year was ARFORGEN rejected?
{'text': '2006', 'answer_start': 483}
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The Scientific Revolution was a period when European ideas in classical physics, astronomy, biology, human anatomy, chemistry, and other classical sciences were rejected and led to doctrines supplanting those that had prevailed from Ancient Greece to the Middle Ages which would lead to a transition to modern science. T...
What s the Scientific Revolution?
{'text': 'a period when European ideas in classical physics, astronomy, biology, human anatomy, chemistry, and other classical sciences were rejected', 'answer_start': 30}
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Much of the study of the history of science has been devoted to answering questions about what science is, how it functions, and whether it exhibits large-scale patterns and trends. The sociology of science in particular has focused on the ways in which scientists work, looking closely at the ways in which they "produc...
What is the large question that the history of science answers?
{'text': 'what science is', 'answer_start': 90}
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There is very little voice acting in the game, as is the case in most Zelda titles to date. Link remains silent in conversation, but grunts when attacking or injured and gasps when surprised. His emotions and responses are largely indicated visually by nods and facial expressions. Other characters have similar language...
Which person has the most spoken dialogue in the game?
{'text': 'Midna', 'answer_start': 434}
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Pesticides are often referred to according to the type of pest they control. Pesticides can also be considered as either biodegradable pesticides, which will be broken down by microbes and other living beings into harmless compounds, or persistent pesticides, which may take months or years before they are broken down: ...
What quality caused DDT to build up in various organisms?
{'text': 'persistence', 'answer_start': 331}
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The United Nations formulates multiple regional divisions as is convenient for its various operations. But few of them include a Near East, and that poorly defined. UNICEF recognizes the "Middle East and North Africa" region, where the Middle East is bounded by the Red Sea on the west and includes Iran on the east. UNE...
The Food and Agriculture Organization describes its entire theater of operations as what?
{'text': 'the Near East', 'answer_start': 792}
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Greek colonies and communities have been historically established on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea, but the Greek people have always been centered around the Aegean and Ionian seas, where the Greek language has been spoken since the Bronze Age. Until the early 20th century, Greeks were distributed b...
Where have Egyptian colonies been historically established?
{'text': 'on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea', 'answer_start': 66}
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The earliest divergence within the Neognathes was that of the Galloanserae, the superorder containing the Anseriformes (ducks, geese, swans and screamers) and the Galliformes (the pheasants, grouse, and their allies, together with the mound builders and the guans and their allies). The earliest fossil remains of true b...
What was the earliest divergence within the Neognathes?
{'text': 'Galloanserae', 'answer_start': 62}
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In central banking, the privileged status of the central bank is that it can make as much money as it deems needed. In the United States Federal Reserve Bank, the Federal Reserve buys assets: typically, bonds issued by the Federal government. There is no limit on the bonds that it can buy and one of the tools at its di...
What kinds of assets does the US Federal Reserve ban?
{'text': 'bonds issued by the Federal government', 'answer_start': 203}
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As of the 2000 census other Christian minority communities include Neo-Pietism (0.44%), Pentecostalism (0.28%, mostly incorporated in the Schweizer Pfingstmission), Methodism (0.13%), the New Apostolic Church (0.45%), Jehovah's Witnesses (0.28%), other Protestant denominations (0.20%), the Old Catholic Church (0.18%), ...
According to the census of 2000, what percentage of Swiss are pentecostal?
{'text': '0.28%', 'answer_start': 104}
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In time, some ideas from these experiments and paradigm challenges may be adopted as the norm in education, just as Friedrich Fröbel's approach to early childhood education in 19th-century Germany has been incorporated into contemporary kindergarten classrooms. Other influential writers and thinkers have included the S...
When did Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi die?
{'text': '19th-century', 'answer_start': 176}
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Interracial relationships, common-law marriages, and marriages occurred since the earliest colonial years, especially before slavery hardened as a racial caste associated with people of African descent in the British colonies. Virginia and other English colonies passed laws in the 17th century that gave children the so...
English common law generally said what?
{'text': 'a man gave his status to his children', 'answer_start': 513}
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Alsace is one of the most conservative régions of France. It is one of just two régions in metropolitan France where the conservative right won the 2004 région elections and thus controls the Alsace Regional Council. Conservative leader Nicolas Sarkozy got his best score in Alsace (over 65%) in the second round of the ...
What constitution was voted on in 2010?
{'text': 'European Constitution', 'answer_start': 789}
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Switzerland (/ˈswɪtsərlənd/), officially the Swiss Confederation (Latin: Confoederatio Helvetica, hence its abbreviation CH), is a country in Europe. While still named the "Swiss Confederation" for historical reasons, modern Switzerland is a federal directorial republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat o...
How many cantons are in Switzerland's federal directorial republic?
{'text': '26', 'answer_start': 285}
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In 1971, the United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare approached Marvel Comics editor-in-chief Stan Lee to do a comic book story about drug abuse. Lee agreed and wrote a three-part Spider-Man story portraying drug use as dangerous and unglamorous. However, the industry's self-censorship board, the Com...
When did the Comics Code Authority request Marvel to do a comic on drug abuse?
{'text': '1971', 'answer_start': 3}
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Following various military conquests in the Greek East, Romans adapted a number of Greek educational precepts to their own fledgling system. They began physical training to prepare the boys to grow as Roman citizens and for eventual recruitment into the army. Conforming to discipline was a point of great emphasis. Girl...
Who could be expected to obtain guidance in the art of weaving?
{'text': 'Girls', 'answer_start': 316}
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Medieval thought experiments into the idea of a vacuum considered whether a vacuum was present, if only for an instant, between two flat plates when they were rapidly separated. There was much discussion of whether the air moved in quickly enough as the plates were separated, or, as Walter Burley postulated, whether a ...
what was the belief that nature abhorred a vaccuum called?
{'text': 'horror vacui', 'answer_start': 432}
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After the Seleucid defeat at the Battle of Magnesia in 190 BC, the kings of Sophene and Greater Armenia revolted and declared their independence, with Artaxias becoming the first king of the Artaxiad dynasty of Armenia in 188. During the reign of the Artaxiads, Armenia went through a period of hellenization. Numismatic...
Artaxian coins called some Armenian kings what?
{'text': 'Philhellenes', 'answer_start': 436}
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The curious location on Catalina Island stemmed from Cubs owner William Wrigley Jr.'s then-majority interest in the island in 1919. Wrigley constructed a ballpark on the island to house the Cubs in spring training: it was built to the same dimensions as Wrigley Field. (The ballpark is long gone, but a clubhouse built b...
Who had a majority interest in Cataline island in 1919?
{'text': 'William Wrigley Jr', 'answer_start': 64}
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Reports on the Delhi relay were similarly distinct. Despite intended torchbearers Kiran Bedi, Soha Ali Khan, Sachin Tendulkar and Bhaichung Bhutia all withdrawing from the event, the official Chinese website for the relay reported "Indian torchbearers vow to run for spirit of Olympics", and quoted torchbearers Manavjit...
Though several torchbearers withdrew from the torch relay, the official website for China stated that Indian torch participants vowed to run for what?
{'text': 'spirit of Olympics', 'answer_start': 267}
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Early HDTV commercial experiments, such as NHK's MUSE, required over four times the bandwidth of a standard-definition broadcast. Despite efforts made to reduce analog HDTV to about twice the bandwidth of SDTV, these television formats were still distributable only by satellite.
How much more bandwith was required from early HDTV commercial experiments than an SD broadcast?
{'text': 'over four times', 'answer_start': 64}
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Birds need to alter their metabolism in order to meet the demands of migration. The storage of energy through the accumulation of fat and the control of sleep in nocturnal migrants require special physiological adaptations. In addition, the feathers of a bird suffer from wear-and-tear and require to be molted. The timi...
How often do birds molt?
{'text': 'usually once a year', 'answer_start': 338}
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The city of Montevideo suffered a siege of eight years between 1843 and 1851, during which it was supplied by sea with British and French support. Oribe, with the support of the then conservative Governor of Buenos Aires Province Juan Manuel de Rosas, besieged the Colorados in Montevideo, where the latter were supporte...
What year did the Colorados defeat Oribe?
{'text': '1851', 'answer_start': 422}
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The western edge of the Oklahoma panhandle is out of alignment with its Texas border. The Oklahoma/New Mexico border is actually 2.1 to 2.2 miles east of the Texas line. The border between Texas and New Mexico was set first as a result of a survey by Spain in 1819. It was then set along the 103rd Meridian. In the 1890s...
Which one is more accurately placed, the TX/NM border or the OK/NM border?
{'text': 'Oklahoma/New Mexico border', 'answer_start': 766}
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The city is home to numerous international organisations. The Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology of the UNESCAP servicing the Asia-Pacific region is headquartered in New Delhi. New Delhi is home to most UN regional offices in India namely the UNDP, UNODC, UNESCO, UNICEF, WFP, UNV, UNCTAD, FAO, UNFPA, W...
What is one regional UN office located in New Delhi?
{'text': 'UNDP', 'answer_start': 260}
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One person may presume knowledge of another person's sexual orientation based upon perceived characteristics, such as appearance, clothing, tone of voice, and accompaniment by and behavior with other people. The attempt to detect sexual orientation in social situations is known as gaydar; some studies have found that g...
What did this research also show about face-shape?
{'text': 'not an accurate indication of orientation.', 'answer_start': 507}
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Matsushita provided a cash infusion, but the clash of cultures was too great to overcome, and five years later Matsushita sold an 80% stake in MCA/Universal to Canadian drinks distributor Seagram for $5.7 billion. Seagram sold off its stake in DuPont to fund this expansion into the entertainment industry. Hoping to bui...
How did MCA/Universal sell their stake to?
{'text': 'Seagram', 'answer_start': 188}
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3 kV DC is used in Belgium, Italy, Spain, Poland, the northern Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Chile, and former Soviet Union countries (also using 25 kV 50 Hz AC). It was formerly used by the Milwaukee Road from Harlowton, Montana to Seattle-Tacoma, across the Continental Divide and including extensi...
New York transit in the United States uses what?
{'text': '3 kV DC', 'answer_start': 0}
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Electrolytic capacitors use an aluminum or tantalum plate with an oxide dielectric layer. The second electrode is a liquid electrolyte, connected to the circuit by another foil plate. Electrolytic capacitors offer very high capacitance but suffer from poor tolerances, high instability, gradual loss of capacitance espec...
Why might the method gradually applying the operating voltage not be suitable to protect electrolytic capacitors in modern devices?
{'text': 'these produce full output voltage even with reduced input', 'answer_start': 1534}
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Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections do not have symptoms, known as latent tuberculosis. About 10% of latent infections progress to active diseas...
What primary body part is affected by tuberculosis?
{'text': 'lungs', 'answer_start': 144}
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Unlike the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), which is a domestic security service, CIA has no law enforcement function and is mainly focused on overseas intelligence gathering, with only limited domestic collection. Though it is not the only U.S. government agency specializing in HUMINT, CIA serves as the national...
What is the only agency that is authorized to carry out action on behalf of the president?
{'text': 'CIA', 'answer_start': 437}
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In 2005, seventeen countries produced concentrated uranium oxides, with Canada (27.9% of world production) and Australia (22.8%) being the largest producers and Kazakhstan (10.5%), Russia (8.0%), Namibia (7.5%), Niger (7.4%), Uzbekistan (5.5%), the United States (2.5%), Argentina (2.1%), Ukraine (1.9%) and China (1.7%)...
How many tonnes of uranium was Australia expected to produce in 2009?
{'text': '9,430', 'answer_start': 567}
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Following the adoption of UN Resolution 390A(V) in December 1950, Eritrea was federated with Ethiopia under the prompting of the United States. The resolution called for Eritrea and Ethiopia to be linked through a loose federal structure under the sovereignty of the Emperor. Eritrea was to have its own administrative a...
What country was being led by an Emperor in 1950?
{'text': 'the United States', 'answer_start': 125}
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His father encouraged Bell's interest in speech and, in 1863, took his sons to see a unique automaton, developed by Sir Charles Wheatstone based on the earlier work of Baron Wolfgang von Kempelen. The rudimentary "mechanical man" simulated a human voice. Bell was fascinated by the machine and after he obtained a copy o...
In what year did Bell's father take him to see an automaton?
{'text': '1863', 'answer_start': 56}
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St. John's is served by St. John's International Airport (YYT), located 10 minutes northwest of the downtown core. In 2011, roughly 1,400,000 passengers travelled through the airport making it the second busiest airport in Atlantic Canada in passenger volume. Regular destinations include Halifax, Montreal, Ottawa, Toro...
How far is St. John's International Airport from the downtown core?
{'text': '10 minutes', 'answer_start': 72}
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On 15 December 1944 landings against minimal resistance were made on the southern beaches of the island of Mindoro, a key location in the planned Lingayen Gulf operations, in support of major landings scheduled on Luzon. On 9 January 1945, on the south shore of Lingayen Gulf on the western coast of Luzon, General Krueg...
Lingayen Gulf operations supported what landings?
{'text': 'Luzon', 'answer_start': 214}
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generic
More recently, films such as Das Boot (1981), The Never Ending Story (1984) Run Lola Run (1998), Das Experiment (2001), Good Bye Lenin! (2003), Gegen die Wand (Head-on) (2004) and Der Untergang (Downfall) (2004) have enjoyed international success. In 2002 the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film went to Carolin...
In what year did The Lives of Others win the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language?
{'text': '2007', 'answer_start': 351}
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The city's charter was granted by Prince John, as Lord of Ireland, in 1185. The city was once fully walled, and some wall sections and gates remain today. For much of the Middle Ages, Cork city was an outpost of Old English culture in the midst of a predominantly hostile Gaelic countryside and cut off from the English ...
When was Cork a Gaelic outpost?
{'text': 'Middle Ages', 'answer_start': 171}
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generic
In the Hesiodic Catalogue of Women, Graecus is presented as the son of Zeus and Pandora II, sister of Hellen the patriarch of Hellenes. Hellen was the son of Deucalion who ruled around Phthia in central Greece. The Parian Chronicle mentions that when Deucalion became king of Phthia, the previously called Graikoi were n...
Where do modern theorist believe the name of Greek originated from ?
{'text': 'A modern theory derives the name Greek (Latin Graeci) from Graikos, "inhabitant of Graia/Graea," a town on the coast of Boeotia.', 'answer_start': 733}
158
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138460
pubqa
In November 2010, 27,000 (45%) inhabitants of stersund, Sweden, were affected by a waterborne outbreak of cryptosporidiosis. The outbreak was characterized by a rapid onset and high attack rate, especially among young and middle-aged persons. Young age, number of infected family members, amount of water consumed dai...
What was the alert of the event?
{'answer_id': 273727, 'document_id': 445541, 'question_id': 138460, 'text': 'received numerous calls from persons with gastroenteritis', 'answer_start': 6571, 'answer_category': 'LONG'}
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The site selected for the university was a hill known as Mount Oread, which was owned by former Kansas Governor Charles L. Robinson. Robinson and his wife Sara bestowed the 40-acre (16 ha) site to the State of Kansas in exchange for land elsewhere. The philanthropist Amos Adams Lawrence donated $10,000 of the necessary...
On what geographic feature was KU torn down?
{'text': 'Mount Oread', 'answer_start': 57}
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generic
In 2005, Apple faced two lawsuits claiming patent infringement by the iPod line and its associated technologies: Advanced Audio Devices claimed the iPod line breached its patent on a "music jukebox", while a Hong Kong-based IP portfolio company called Pat-rights filed a suit claiming that Apple's FairPlay technology br...
Which company sued Apple for breach of a "music jukebox" patent in 2005?
{'text': 'Advanced Audio Devices', 'answer_start': 113}
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Africa separated from Antarctica in the Jurassic, around 160 Ma, followed by the Indian subcontinent in the early Cretaceous (about 125 Ma). By the end of the Cretaceous, about 66 Ma, Antarctica (then connected to Australia) still had a subtropical climate and flora, complete with a marsupial fauna. In the Eocene epoch...
When did New-Australia Guinea separate from Antarctica?
{'text': 'In the Eocene epoch', 'answer_start': 301}
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generic
Though the music varied widely between regions and artists, the post-punk movement has been characterized by its "conceptual assault" on rock conventions and rejection of aesthetics perceived of as traditionalist, hegemonic or rockist in favor of experimentation with production techniques and non-rock musical styles su...
What type of music did post-punk inspire most?
{'text': 'rock', 'answer_start': 996}
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generic
In mathematics, a group is an algebraic structure consisting of a set of elements equipped with an operation that combines any two elements to form a third element. The operation satisfies four conditions called the group axioms, namely closure, associativity, identity and invertibility. One of the most familiar exampl...
What are the two elements called?
{'text': 'group axioms', 'answer_start': 216}
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5728aa0f2ca10214002da56d
generic
According to statistics collected by the Association of Religion Data Archives from 2010, about 34% of Alaska residents were members of religious congregations. 100,960 people identified as Evangelical Protestants, 50,866 as Roman Catholic, and 32,550 as mainline Protestants. Roughly 4% are Mormon, 0.5% are Jewish, 1% ...
Which other nearby states are also considered to be less religious than others?
{'text': 'Washington and Oregon', 'answer_start': 744}
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generic
Broadly speaking, government phonology (or its descendant, strict-CV phonology) has a greater following in the United Kingdom, whereas optimality theory is predominant in the United States.[citation needed]
What followed government phonology?
{'text': 'strict-CV phonology', 'answer_start': 59}
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generic
Most sports and physical activities are practiced wearing special clothing, for practical, comfort or safety reasons. Common sportswear garments include shorts, T-shirts, tennis shirts, leotards, tracksuits, and trainers. Specialized garments include wet suits (for swimming, diving or surfing), salopettes (for skiing) ...
Leotards are an example of what type of garment?
{'text': 'sportswear', 'answer_start': 125}
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generic
As is known from the "Sumerian Farmer's Almanac", after the flood season and after the Spring Equinox and the Akitu or New Year Festival, using the canals, farmers would flood their fields and then drain the water. Next they made oxen stomp the ground and kill weeds. They then dragged the fields with pickaxes. After dr...
What did farmers flood just before the new year?
{'text': 'their fields', 'answer_start': 176}
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generic
Videoconferencing can enable individuals in distant locations to participate in meetings on short notice, with time and money savings. Technology such as VoIP can be used in conjunction with desktop videoconferencing to enable low-cost face-to-face business meetings without leaving the desk, especially for businesses w...
What technology can be used along with videoconferencing?
{'text': 'VoIP', 'answer_start': 154}
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generic
Miami is a major center, and a leader in finance, commerce, culture, media, entertainment, the arts, and international trade. In 2012, Miami was classified as an Alpha−World City in the World Cities Study Group's inventory. In 2010, Miami ranked seventh in the United States in terms of finance, commerce, culture, enter...
Where didn't Miami rank among cities around the world in regard to finance?
{'text': '33rd', 'answer_start': 379}
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A dialect is distinguished by its vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation (phonology, including prosody). Where a distinction can be made only in terms of pronunciation (including prosody, or just prosody itself), the term accent may be preferred over dialect. Other types of speech varieties include jargons, which are c...
Along with jargon and pronunciation, how is a dialect distinguished?
{'text': 'vocabulary, grammar', 'answer_start': 34}
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generic
Indigenous education refers to the inclusion of indigenous knowledge, models, methods, and content within formal and non-formal educational systems. Often in a post-colonial context, the growing recognition and use of indigenous education methods can be a response to the erosion and loss of indigenous knowledge and lan...
What education is only a formal educational system?
{'text': 'formal and non-formal', 'answer_start': 106}
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generic
The Platyzoa include the phylum Platyhelminthes, the flatworms. These were originally considered some of the most primitive Bilateria, but it now appears they developed from more complex ancestors. A number of parasites are included in this group, such as the flukes and tapeworms. Flatworms are acoelomates, lacking a b...
What are some parasites included in the Platyhelminthes group?
{'text': 'flukes and tapeworms', 'answer_start': 260}
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generic
In 1899 the state legislature passed a new constitution, with requirements for poll taxes and literacy tests for voter registration which disfranchised most black Americans in the state. Exclusion from voting had wide effects: it meant that black Americans could not serve on juries or in any local office. After a decad...
What year was the Federal Civil Rights Act?
{'text': '1964', 'answer_start': 528}
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generic
Deuterostomes differ from protostomes in several ways. Animals from both groups possess a complete digestive tract. However, in protostomes, the first opening of the gut to appear in embryological development (the archenteron) develops into the mouth, with the anus forming secondarily. In deuterostomes the anus forms f...
What do deuterostomes and protostomes have in common?
{'text': 'both groups possess a complete digestive tract', 'answer_start': 68}
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generic
Madonna Louise Ciccone (/tʃɪˈkoʊni/; Italian: [tʃikˈkoːne]; born August 16, 1958) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and businesswoman. She achieved popularity by pushing the boundaries of lyrical content in mainstream popular music and imagery in her music videos, which became a fixture on MTV. Madonna is kno...
What is Madonna's real name?
{'text': 'Madonna Louise Ciccone', 'answer_start': 0}
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generic
The first blue-violet LED using magnesium-doped gallium nitride was made at Stanford University in 1972 by Herb Maruska and Wally Rhines, doctoral students in materials science and engineering. At the time Maruska was on leave from RCA Laboratories, where he collaborated with Jacques Pankove on related work. In 1971, t...
What substance helped demonstrate the first blue electroluminescence?
{'text': 'zinc-doped gallium nitride', 'answer_start': 455}
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generic
Between 64 and 104 major aftershocks, ranging in magnitude from 4.0 to 6.1, were recorded within 72 hours of the main quake. According to Chinese official counts, "by 12:00 CST, November 6, 2008 there had been 42,719 total aftershocks, of which 246 ranged from 4.0 MS to 4.9 MS, 34 from 5.0 MS to 5.9 MS, and 8 from 6.0 ...
When were the aftershocks recorded?
{'text': 'within 72 hours of the main quake.', 'answer_start': 90}
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generic
A party may claim that a treaty should be terminated, even absent an express provision, if there has been a fundamental change in circumstances. Such a change is sufficient if unforeseen, if it undermined the “essential basis” of consent by a party, if it radically transforms the extent of obligations between the parti...
The radical transformation of what aspect of the obligations between the parties is a necessary condition for a claim of a fundamental change in circumstances to terminate a treaty?
{'text': 'the extent of obligations', 'answer_start': 277}
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generic
In many countries, national and regional poultry shows are held where enthusiasts exhibit their birds which are judged on certain phenotypical breed traits as specified by their respective breed standards. The idea of poultry exhibition may have originated after cockfighting was made illegal, as a way of maintaining a ...
In such competitions what are the chickens juged on? What attibutes are considered viable?
{'text': 'birds which are judged on certain phenotypical breed traits as specified by their respective breed standards', 'answer_start': 96}
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572e81f2cb0c0d14000f1205
generic
The war has been described as the first "world war", although this label was also given to various earlier conflicts like the Eighty Years' War, the Thirty Years' War, the War of the Spanish Succession and the War of the Austrian Succession, and to later conflicts like the Napoleonic Wars. The term "Second Hundred Year...
What does the term "Second Hundred Years' War" describe?
{'text': 'The term "Second Hundred Years\' War" has been used in order to describe the almost continuous level of world-wide conflict during the entire 18th century,', 'answer_start': 291}
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generic
The United States accused Manuel Noriega's government in Panama of being a "narcokleptocracy", a corrupt government profiting on illegal drug trade. Later the U.S. invaded Panama and captured Noriega.
What is a narcokleptocracy?
{'text': 'government profiting on illegal drug trade', 'answer_start': 105}
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generic
The metal's distinctive natural green patina has long been coveted by architects and designers. The final patina is a particularly durable layer that is highly resistant to atmospheric corrosion, thereby protecting the underlying metal against further weathering. It can be a mixture of carbonate and sulfate compounds i...
What property does the final patina on copper avoid?
{'text': 'highly resistant to atmospheric corrosion', 'answer_start': 153}
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generic
Broadly speaking, government phonology (or its descendant, strict-CV phonology) has a greater following in the United Kingdom, whereas optimality theory is predominant in the United States.[citation needed]
What government idea is seen more in the UK?
{'text': 'optimality theory', 'answer_start': 135}
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generic
In early February, the South Korean 11th Division ran the operation to destroy the guerrillas and their sympathizer citizens in Southern Korea. During the operation, the division and police conducted the Geochang massacre and Sancheong-Hamyang massacre. In mid-February, the PVA counterattacked with the Fourth Phase Off...
Who's attack resulted in victory at Hoengseong?
{'text': 'the PVA', 'answer_start': 271}