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109,803
| 109,461
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572f703ca23a5019007fc62a
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generic
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Linking the information back together is the key to this system. In the relational model, some bit of information was used as a "key", uniquely defining a particular record. When information was being collected about a user, information stored in the optional tables would be found by searching for this key. For instance, if the login name of a user is unique, addresses and phone numbers for that user would be recorded with the login name as its key. This simple "re-linking" of related data back into a single collection is something that traditional computer languages are not designed for.
|
What is a key used for?
|
{'text': 'uniquely defining a particular record', 'answer_start': 135}
|
22,922
| 22,580
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56f6f44f711bf01900a44890
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generic
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Southampton (i/saʊθˈæmptən, -hæmptən/) is the largest city in the ceremonial county of Hampshire on the south coast of England, and is situated 75 miles (121 km) south-west of London and 19 miles (31 km) north-west of Portsmouth. Southampton is a major port and the closest city to the New Forest. It lies at the northernmost point of Southampton Water at the confluence of the River Test and River Itchen, with the River Hamble joining to the south of the urban area. The city, which is a unitary authority, has an estimated population of 253,651. The city's name is sometimes abbreviated in writing to "So'ton" or "Soton", and a resident of Southampton is called a Sotonian.
|
In what ceremonial county is Southampton located?
|
{'text': 'Hampshire', 'answer_start': 87}
|
8,322
| 7,980
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5ad00a9d77cf76001a6867e3
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Sassou also won the following presidential election in July 2009. According to the Congolese Observatory of Human Rights, a non-governmental organization, the election was marked by "very low" turnout and "fraud and irregularities".
|
What governmental organization commented on the election?
|
{'text': 'Congolese Observatory of Human Rights', 'answer_start': 83}
|
36,906
| 36,564
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5ad176a0645df0001a2d1d19
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generic
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The Persian Gulf War was a conflict between Iraq and a coalition force of 34 nations led by the United States. The lead up to the war began with the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in August 1990 which was met with immediate economic sanctions by the United Nations against Iraq. The coalition commenced hostilities in January 1991, resulting in a decisive victory for the U.S. led coalition forces, which drove Iraqi forces out of Kuwait with minimal coalition deaths. Despite the low death toll, over 180,000 US veterans would later be classified as "permanently disabled" according to the US Department of Veterans Affairs (see Gulf War Syndrome). The main battles were aerial and ground combat within Iraq, Kuwait and bordering areas of Saudi Arabia. Land combat did not expand outside of the immediate Iraq/Kuwait/Saudi border region, although the coalition bombed cities and strategic targets across Iraq, and Iraq fired missiles on Israeli and Saudi cities.
|
When did hostilities in the Chinese Gulf War begin?
|
{'text': 'January 1991', 'answer_start': 312}
|
36,178
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570aec4d6b8089140040f616
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generic
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It was only in the 1980s that digital telephony transmission networks became possible, such as with ISDN networks, assuring a minimum bit rate (usually 128 kilobits/s) for compressed video and audio transmission. During this time, there was also research into other forms of digital video and audio communication. Many of these technologies, such as the Media space, are not as widely used today as videoconferencing but were still an important area of research. The first dedicated systems started to appear in the market as ISDN networks were expanding throughout the world. One of the first commercial videoconferencing systems sold to companies came from PictureTel Corp., which had an Initial Public Offering in November, 1984.
|
What is an example of an early form of digital video and audio communication?
|
{'text': 'the Media space', 'answer_start': 350}
|
49,132
| 48,790
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5ace540432bba1001ae4a2c4
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The world's largest deposit of natural bitumen, known as the Athabasca oil sands is located in the McMurray Formation of Northern Alberta. This formation is from the early Cretaceous, and is composed of numerous lenses of oil-bearing sand with up to 20% oil. Isotopic studies attribute the oil deposits to be about 110 million years old. Two smaller but still very large formations occur in the Peace River oil sands and the Cold Lake oil sands, to the west and southeast of the Athabasca oil sands, respectively. Of the Alberta bitumen deposits, only parts of the Athabasca oil sands are shallow enough to be suitable for surface mining. The other 80% has to be produced by oil wells using enhanced oil recovery techniques like steam-assisted gravity drainage.
|
Located in the Peace River, what is the largest deposit of natural bitumen known as?
|
{'text': 'Athabasca oil sands', 'answer_start': 61}
|
118,315
| 117,973
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5acf9e4c77cf76001a685561
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South Africa occupied the colony in 1915 after defeating the German force during World War I and administered it from 1919 onward as a League of Nations mandate territory. Although the South African government desired to incorporate 'South-West Africa' into its territory, it never officially did so, although it was administered as the de facto 'fifth province', with the white minority having representation in the whites-only Parliament of South Africa, as well as electing their own local administration the SWA Legislative Assembly. The South African government also appointed the SWA administrator, who had extensive powers. Following the League's replacement by the United Nations in 1946, South Africa refused to surrender its earlier mandate to be replaced by a United Nations Trusteeship agreement, requiring closer international monitoring of the territory's administration (along with a definite independence schedule). The Herero Chief's Council submitted a number of petitions to the UN calling for it to grant Namibia independence during the 1950s. During the 1960s, when European powers granted independence to their colonies and trust territories in Africa, pressure mounted on South Africa to do so in Namibia. In 1966 the International Court of Justice dismissed a complaint brought by Ethiopia and Liberia against South Africa's continued presence in the territory, but the U.N. General Assembly subsequently revoked South Africa's mandate, while in 1971 the International Court of Justice issued an "advisory opinion" declaring South Africa's continued administration to be illegal.
|
In what year was the League of Nations founded?
|
{'text': '1919', 'answer_start': 118}
|
34,272
| 33,930
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570a56e04103511400d59622
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Furthermore, in terms of job prospects, as of 2014 the average starting salary of an Imperial graduate was the highest of any UK university. In terms of specific course salaries, the Sunday Times ranked Computing graduates from Imperial as earning the second highest average starting salary in the UK after graduation, over all universities and courses. In 2012, the New York Times ranked Imperial College as one of the top 10 most-welcomed universities by the global job market. In May 2014, the university was voted highest in the UK for Job Prospects by students voting in the Whatuni Student Choice Awards Imperial is jointly ranked as the 3rd best university in the UK for the quality of graduates according to recruiters from the UK's major companies.
|
In which year did Imperial University claim the award for being voted the highest in the UK for Job Prospects?
|
{'text': '2014', 'answer_start': 487}
|
38,308
| 37,966
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570bfb6dec8fbc190045bbf5
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generic
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The inherent ambiguity of many control characters, combined with their historical usage, created problems when transferring "plain text" files between systems. The best example of this is the newline problem on various operating systems. Teletype machines required that a line of text be terminated with both "Carriage Return" (which moves the printhead to the beginning of the line) and "Line Feed" (which advances the paper one line without moving the printhead). The name "Carriage Return" comes from the fact that on a manual typewriter the carriage holding the paper moved while the position where the typebars struck the ribbon remained stationary. The entire carriage had to be pushed (returned) to the right in order to position the left margin of the paper for the next line.
|
Teletype machines had to have two codes to termanate a line, what were they?
|
{'text': '"Carriage Return" (which moves the printhead to the beginning of the line) and "Line Feed" (which advances the paper one line without moving the printhead)', 'answer_start': 309}
|
98,973
| 98,631
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5a46af695fd40d001a27dc6a
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The first mention of the name "Rajasthan" appears in James Tod's 1829 publication Annals and Antiquities of Rajast'han or the Central and Western Rajpoot States of India, while the earliest known record of "Rajputana" as a name for the region is in George Thomas's 1800 memoir Military Memories. John Keay, in his book India: A History, stated that "Rajputana" was coined by the British in 1829, John Briggs, translating Ferishta's history of early Islamic India, used the phrase "Rajpoot (Rajput) princes" rather than "Indian princes".
|
When was the word Ferishta coined by the British?
|
{'text': '1829', 'answer_start': 390}
|
103,311
| 102,969
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572ebc76cb0c0d14000f14e9
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However, performance enhancements cannot be generalized as the benefits and limitations of the system are dependent on many factors. One problem is that the system is subject to gaming. Sometimes, one person enters the destination for a large group of people going to the same floor. The dispatching algorithm is usually unable to completely cater for the variation, and latecomers may find the elevator they are assigned to is already full. Also, occasionally, one person may press the floor multiple times. This is common with up/down buttons when people believe this to be an effective way to hurry elevators. However, this will make the computer think multiple people are waiting and will allocate empty cars to serve this one person.
|
Why is this a bad practice?
|
{'text': 'this will make the computer think multiple people are waiting and will allocate empty cars to serve this one person', 'answer_start': 622}
|
114,041
| 113,699
|
573019f0b2c2fd1400568864
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The islands are at relatively low altitudes, with central Ireland and southern Great Britain particularly low lying: the lowest point in the islands is Holme, Cambridgeshire at −2.75 m (−9.02 ft). The Scottish Highlands in the northern part of Great Britain are mountainous, with Ben Nevis being the highest point on the islands at 1,343 m (4,406 ft). Other mountainous areas include Wales and parts of Ireland, however only seven peaks in these areas reach above 1,000 m (3,281 ft). Lakes on the islands are generally not large, although Lough Neagh in Northern Ireland is an exception, covering 150 square miles (390 km2).[citation needed] The largest freshwater body in Great Britain (by area) is Loch Lomond at 27.5 square miles (71 km2), and Loch Ness, by volume whilst Loch Morar is the deepest freshwater body in the British Isles, with a maximum depth of 310 m (1,017 ft). There are a number of major rivers within the British Isles. The longest is the Shannon in Ireland at 224 mi (360 km).[citation needed] The river Severn at 220 mi (354 km)[citation needed] is the longest in Great Britain. The isles have a temperate marine climate. The North Atlantic Drift ("Gulf Stream") which flows from the Gulf of Mexico brings with it significant moisture and raises temperatures 11 °C (20 °F) above the global average for the islands' latitudes. Winters are cool and wet, with summers mild and also wet. Most Atlantic depressions pass to the north of the islands, combined with the general westerly circulation and interactions with the landmass, this imposes an east-west variation in climate.
|
Where is the highest point in the British Isles?
|
{'text': 'Ben Nevis', 'answer_start': 280}
|
52,855
| 52,513
|
5725cafc89a1e219009abebf
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generic
|
Incandescent bulbs have been replaced in many applications by other types of electric light, such as fluorescent lamps, compact fluorescent lamps (CFL), cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFL), high-intensity discharge lamps, and light-emitting diode lamps (LED). Some jurisdictions, such as the European Union, China, Canada and United States, are in the process of phasing out the use of incandescent light bulbs while others, including Colombia, Mexico, Cuba, Argentina, Brazil and Australia, have prohibited them already.
|
How is the United States treating incandescent light bulbs?
|
{'text': 'phasing out the use of incandescent light bulbs', 'answer_start': 365}
|
11,490
| 11,148
|
56de7a464396321400ee2941
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generic
|
BBC Television returned on 7 June 1946 at 15:00. Jasmine Bligh, one of the original announcers, made the first announcement, saying, 'Good afternoon everybody. How are you? Do you remember me, Jasmine Bligh?'. The Mickey Mouse cartoon of 1939 was repeated twenty minutes later.[unreliable source?] Alexandra Palace was the home base of the channel until the early 1950s when the majority of production moved into the newly acquired Lime Grove Studios.[original research?]
|
In the decade following the war, where did a large portion of the BBC move to?
|
{'text': 'Lime Grove Studios', 'answer_start': 432}
|
64,382
| 64,040
|
5ad0217377cf76001a686b17
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generic
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As the European population was severely reduced, land became more plentiful for the survivors, and labour consequently more expensive. Attempts by landowners to forcibly reduce wages, such as the English 1351 Statute of Laborers, were doomed to fail. These efforts resulted in nothing more than fostering resentment among the peasantry, leading to rebellions such as the French Jacquerie in 1358 and the English Peasants' Revolt in 1381. The long-term effect was the virtual end of serfdom in Western Europe. In Eastern Europe, on the other hand, landowners were able to exploit the situation to force the peasantry into even more repressive bondage.
|
What English law was scrapped in order to forcibly reduce wages?
|
{'text': 'Statute of Laborers', 'answer_start': 209}
|
94,936
| 94,594
|
5acfcba277cf76001a686060
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generic
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Other sources include fortified food and dietary supplements, which come in various forms. A 1998 review concluded that zinc oxide, one of the most common supplements in the United States, and zinc carbonate are nearly insoluble and poorly absorbed in the body. This review cited studies which found low plasma zinc concentrations after zinc oxide and zinc carbonate were consumed compared with those seen after consumption of zinc acetate and sulfate salts. However, harmful excessive supplementation is a problem among the relatively affluent, and should probably not exceed 20 mg/day in healthy people, although the U.S. National Research Council set a Tolerable Upper Intake of 40 mg/day.
|
What is the recommended daily dose of zinc supplement in unhealthy adults?
|
{'text': '20 mg/day', 'answer_start': 577}
|
84,226
| 83,884
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5727f67d3acd2414000df0f1
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On 11 October 1951, the Wafd government abrogated the 1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty, which had given the British control over the Suez Canal until 1956. The popularity of this move, as well as that of government-sponsored guerrilla attacks against the British, put pressure on Nasser to act. According to Sadat, Nasser decided to wage "a large scale assassination campaign". In January 1952, he and Hassan Ibrahim attempted to kill the royalist general Hussein Sirri Amer by firing their submachine guns at his car as he drove through the streets of Cairo. Instead of killing the general, the attackers wounded an innocent female passerby. Nasser recalled that her wails "haunted" him and firmly dissuaded him from undertaking similar actions in the future.
|
Who helped Nasser with the assassination attempt?
|
{'text': 'Hassan Ibrahim', 'answer_start': 396}
|
82,440
| 82,098
|
5acffad777cf76001a6866ce
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generic
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The atmosphere is severely dry nine months of the year, and average annual snowfall is only 18 inches (46 cm), due to the rain shadow effect. Western passes receive small amounts of fresh snow each year but remain traversible all year round. Low temperatures are prevalent throughout these western regions, where bleak desolation is unrelieved by any vegetation bigger than a low bush, and where wind sweeps unchecked across vast expanses of arid plain. The Indian monsoon exerts some influence on eastern Tibet. Northern Tibet is subject to high temperatures in the summer and intense cold in the winter.
|
What has an annual average of only 9 inches?
|
{'text': 'snowfall', 'answer_start': 75}
|
30,719
| 30,377
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5706b8b42eaba6190074ac78
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A new generation of clubs such as Liverpool's Cream and the Ministry of Sound were opened to provide a venue for more commercial sounds. Major record companies began to open "superclubs" promoting their own acts. These superclubs entered into sponsorship deals initially with fast food, soft drinks, and clothing companies. Flyers in clubs in Ibiza often sported many corporate logos. A new subgenre, Chicago hard house, was developed by DJs such as Bad Boy Bill, DJ Lynnwood, DJ Irene, Richard "Humpty" Vission and DJ Enrie, mixing elements of Chicago house, funky house and hard house together. Additionally, Producers such as George Centeno, Darren Ramirez, and Martin O. Cairo would develop the Los Angeles Hard House sound. Similar to gabber or hardcore techno from the Netherlands, this sound was often associated with the "rebel" culture of the time. These 3 producers are often considered "ahead of their time" since many of the sounds they engineered during the late 20th century became more prominent during the 21st century.
|
who began opening "superclubs"?
|
{'text': 'Major record companies', 'answer_start': 137}
|
103,768
| 103,426
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5acee39d32bba1001ae4b8a7
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On 11 July 2011, Neptune completed its first full barycentric orbit since its discovery in 1846, although it did not appear at its exact discovery position in the sky, because Earth was in a different location in its 365.26-day orbit. Because of the motion of the Sun in relation to the barycentre of the Solar System, on 11 July Neptune was also not at its exact discovery position in relation to the Sun; if the more common heliocentric coordinate system is used, the discovery longitude was reached on 12 July 2011.
|
Why did Neptune appear to be in it's exact discover position?
|
{'text': 'Earth was in a different location', 'answer_start': 176}
|
28,417
| 28,075
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5a81fce131013a001a33504d
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Natural phonology is a theory based on the publications of its proponent David Stampe in 1969 and (more explicitly) in 1979. In this view, phonology is based on a set of universal phonological processes that interact with one another; which ones are active and which are suppressed is language-specific. Rather than acting on segments, phonological processes act on distinctive features within prosodic groups. Prosodic groups can be as small as a part of a syllable or as large as an entire utterance. Phonological processes are unordered with respect to each other and apply simultaneously (though the output of one process may be the input to another). The second most prominent natural phonologist is Patricia Donegan (Stampe's wife); there are many natural phonologists in Europe, and a few in the U.S., such as Geoffrey Nathan. The principles of natural phonology were extended to morphology by Wolfgang U. Dressler, who founded natural morphology.
|
Aside from being active what other condition can the natural morphology exist in?
|
{'text': 'suppressed', 'answer_start': 271}
|
16,207
| 15,865
|
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In 1953, Korolev was given the go-ahead to develop the R-7 Semyorka rocket, which represented a major advance from the German design. Although some of its components (notably boosters) still resembled the German G-4, the new rocket incorporated staged design, a completely new control system, and a new fuel. It was successfully tested on August 21, 1957 and became the world's first fully operational ICBM the following month. It would later be used to launch the first satellite into space, and derivatives would launch all piloted Soviet spacecraft.
|
The first satellite launched into space used what rocket?
|
{'text': 'R-7 Semyorka rocket', 'answer_start': 55}
|
19,681
| 19,339
|
56e77c8900c9c71400d771a2
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The RIBA has three parts to the education process: Part I which is generally a three-year first degree, a year-out of at least one year work experience in an architectural practice precedes the Part II which is generally a two-year post graduate diploma or masters. A further year out must be taken before the RIBA Part III professional exams can be taken. Overall it takes a minimum of seven years before an architecture student can seek chartered status.
|
What occurs between the second and third parts of the education process prescribed by the Royal Institute?
|
{'text': 'A further year out', 'answer_start': 266}
|
15,885
| 15,543
|
5acd27b607355d001abf3725
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generic
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They are unaspirated for almost all speakers when immediately following word-initial s, as in spill, still, skill. After an s elsewhere in a word they are normally unaspirated as well, except sometimes in compound words. When the consonants in a cluster like st are analyzed as belonging to different morphemes (heteromorphemic) the stop is aspirated, but when they are analyzed as belonging to one morpheme the stop is unaspirated.[citation needed] For instance, distend has unaspirated [t] since it is not analyzed as two morphemes, but distaste has an aspirated middle [tʰ] because it is analyzed as dis- + taste and the word taste has an aspirated initial t.
|
What word-initial is aspirated for almost all speakers?
|
{'text': 's', 'answer_start': 85}
|
70,837
| 70,495
|
5726ea8d708984140094d5d3
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On 24 March 2009, the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Science and Technology, NigComSat Ltd. and CGWIC signed another contract for the in-orbit delivery of the NigComSat-1R satellite. NigComSat-1R was also a DFH-4 satellite, and the replacement for the failed NigComSat-1 was successfully launched into orbit by China in Xichang on December 19, 2011. The satellite according to then-Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan which was paid for by the insurance policy on NigComSat-1 which de-orbited in 2009, would have a positive impact on national development in various sectors such as communications, internet services, health, agriculture, environmental protection and national security.
|
What paid for Nigeria's fourth satellite?
|
{'text': 'the insurance policy on NigComSat-1', 'answer_start': 439}
|
86,589
| 86,247
|
572a9ea734ae481900deabe4
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In Commonwealth realms other than the UK, royal assent is granted or withheld either by the realm's sovereign or, more frequently, by the representative of the sovereign, the governor-general. In federated realms, assent in each state, province, or territory is granted or withheld by the representatives of the sovereign. In Australia, this is the governors of the states, administrators of the territories, or the governor-general in the Australian Capital Territory. For Canada, this is the lieutenant governors of the provinces. A lieutenant governor may defer assent to the governor general, and the governor general may defer assent to federal bills to the sovereign.
|
Who grants royal assent in Canada?
|
{'text': 'lieutenant governors of the provinces', 'answer_start': 494}
|
47,461
| 47,119
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5a8cefc4fd22b3001a8d906e
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Memorization is a method of learning that allows an individual to recall information verbatim. Rote learning is the method most often used. Methods of memorizing things have been the subject of much discussion over the years with some writers, such as Cosmos Rossellius using visual alphabets. The spacing effect shows that an individual is more likely to remember a list of items when rehearsal is spaced over an extended period of time. In contrast to this is cramming: an intensive memorization in a short period of time. Also relevant is the Zeigarnik effect which states that people remember uncompleted or interrupted tasks better than completed ones. The so-called Method of loci uses spatial memory to memorize non-spatial information.
|
What learning tool did Cosmo Kramer write about?
|
{'text': 'using visual alphabets', 'answer_start': 270}
|
92,395
| 92,053
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572956463f37b31900478286
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The first debate was held on September 30 at the University of Miami, moderated by Jim Lehrer of PBS. During the debate, slated to focus on foreign policy, Kerry accused Bush of having failed to gain international support for the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, saying the only countries assisting the U.S. during the invasion were the United Kingdom and Australia. Bush replied to this by saying, "Well, actually, he forgot Poland." Later, a consensus formed among mainstream pollsters and pundits that Kerry won the debate decisively, strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign. In the days after, coverage focused on Bush's apparent annoyance with Kerry and numerous scowls and negative facial expressions.
|
What was thought to be the main focal point of the debate?
|
{'text': 'foreign policy', 'answer_start': 140}
|
98,416
| 98,074
|
5ad398a7604f3c001a3fe800
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Construction is currently underway on the Miami Intermodal Center and Miami Central Station, a massive transportation hub servicing Metrorail, Amtrak, Tri-Rail, Metrobus, Greyhound Lines, taxis, rental cars, MIA Mover, private automobiles, bicycles and pedestrians adjacent to Miami International Airport. Completion of the Miami Intermodal Center is expected to be completed by winter 2011, and will serve over 150,000 commuters and travelers in the Miami area. Phase I of Miami Central Station is scheduled to begin service in the spring of 2012, and Phase II in 2013.
|
When was Phase III of the Miami Center Station supposed to enter service?
|
{'text': '2013', 'answer_start': 565}
|
102,732
| 102,390
|
57318b4e05b4da19006bd278
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|
Spielberg was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, to an Orthodox Jewish family. His mother, Leah (Adler) Posner (born 1920), was a restaurateur and concert pianist, and his father, Arnold Spielberg (born 1917), was an electrical engineer involved in the development of computers. His paternal grandparents were immigrants from Ukraine who settled in Cincinnati in the first decade of the 1900s. In 1950, his family moved to Haddon Township, New Jersey when his father took a job with RCA. Three years later, the family moved to Phoenix, Arizona.:548 Spielberg attended Hebrew school from 1953 to 1957, in classes taught by Rabbi Albert L. Lewis.
|
What was Spielberg's mother's career?
|
{'text': 'restaurateur and concert pianist', 'answer_start': 121}
|
29,946
| 29,604
|
5706d3592eaba6190074ad1c
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The tourism district would comprise several key areas in the city; the Marina District, Ducktown, Chelsea, South Inlet, Bader Field, and Gardner's Basin. Also included are 10 roadways that lead into the district, including several in the city's northern end, or North Beach. Gardner's Basin, which is home to the Atlantic City Aquarium, was initially left out of the tourism district, while a residential neighborhood in the Chelsea section was removed from the final boundaries, owing to complaints from the city. Also, the inclusion of Bader Field in the district was controversial and received much scrutiny from mayor Lorenzo Langford, who cast the lone "no" vote on the creation of the district citing its inclusion.
|
How many roadways will be included in the district?
|
{'text': '10', 'answer_start': 172}
|
85,665
| 85,323
|
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|
St. John's is served by St. John's International Airport (YYT), located 10 minutes northwest of the downtown core. In 2011, roughly 1,400,000 passengers travelled through the airport making it the second busiest airport in Atlantic Canada in passenger volume. Regular destinations include Halifax, Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto, as well as destinations throughout the province. International locations include Dublin, London, New York City, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Glasgow and Varadero. Scheduled service providers include Air Canada, Air Canada Jazz, Air Saint-Pierre, Air Transat, United Airlines, Porter Airlines, Provincial Airlines, Sunwing Airlines and Westjet.
|
About how many passengers travelled through St. John's International Airport in 2011?
|
{'text': '1,400,000', 'answer_start': 132}
|
74,262
| 73,920
|
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generic
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In addition to the Jazz Festival (described above), New Haven serves as the home city of the annual International Festival of Arts and Ideas. New Haven's Saint Patrick's Day parade, which began in 1842, is New England's oldest St. Patty's Day parade and draws the largest crowds of any one-day spectator event in Connecticut. The St. Andrew the Apostle Italian Festival has taken place in the historic Wooster Square neighborhood every year since 1900. Other parishes in the city celebrate the Feast of Saint Anthony of Padua and a carnival in honor of St. Bernadette Soubirous. New Haven celebrates Powder House Day every April on the New Haven Green to commemorate the city's entrance into the Revolutionary War. The annual Wooster Square Cherry Blossom Festival commemorates the 1973 planting of 72 Yoshino Japanese Cherry Blossom trees by the New Haven Historic Commission in collaboration with the New Haven Parks Department and residents of the neighborhood. The Festival now draws well over 5,000 visitors. The Film Fest New Haven has been held annually since 1995.
|
As one of the oldest and largest traditions, how long have the city been celebrating Saint Patrick's Day?
|
{'text': '1842', 'answer_start': 197}
|
15,519
| 15,177
|
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generic
|
From 1958, the Union Castle shipping line gradually reduced its service calls to the island. Curnow Shipping, based in Avonmouth, replaced the Union-Castle Line mailship service in 1977, using the RMS (Royal Mail Ship) St Helena.
|
What year was Union-Castle Line mailship replaced?
|
{'text': '1977', 'answer_start': 181}
|
122,475
| 122,133
|
5731b52eb9d445190005e48b
|
generic
|
Much of YouTube's revenue goes to the copyright holders of the videos. In 2010 it was reported that nearly a third of the videos with advertisements were uploaded without permission of the copyright holders. YouTube gives an option for copyright holders to locate and remove their videos or to have them continue running for revenue. In May 2013, Nintendo began enforcing its copyright ownership and claiming the advertising revenue from video creators who posted screenshots of its games. In February 2015, Nintendo agreed to share the revenue with the video creators.
|
Which major gaming company claimed copyright ad revenue rights against uploaders?
|
{'text': 'Nintendo', 'answer_start': 508}
|
44,803
| 44,461
|
57100b34a58dae1900cd67f5
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generic
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As there is no research indicating which of the three components is essential in defining sexual orientation, all three are used independently and provide different conclusions regarding sexual orientation. Savin Williams (2006) discusses this issue and notes that by basing findings regarding sexual orientation on a single component, researchers may not actually capture the intended population. For example, if homosexual is defined by same sex behavior, gay virgins are omitted, heterosexuals engaging in same sex behavior for other reasons than preferred sexual arousal are miscounted, and those with same sex attraction who only have opposite-sex relations are excluded. Because of the limited populations that each component captures, consumers of research should be cautious in generalizing these findings.
|
Why does basing sexual orientation on one component cause problems?
|
{'text': 'Because of the limited populations that each component captures', 'answer_start': 677}
|
42,538
| 42,196
|
570dcd700b85d914000d7b77
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generic
|
Adolescence (from Latin adolescere, meaning "to grow up") is a transitional stage of physical and psychological human development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to legal adulthood (age of majority). The period of adolescence is most closely associated with the teenage years, though its physical, psychological and cultural expressions may begin earlier and end later. For example, although puberty has been historically associated with the onset of adolescent development, it now typically begins prior to the teenage years and there has been a normative shift of it occurring in preadolescence, particularly in females (see precocious puberty). Physical growth, as distinct from puberty (particularly in males), and cognitive development generally seen in adolescence, can also extend into the early twenties. Thus chronological age provides only a rough marker of adolescence, and scholars have found it difficult to agree upon a precise definition of adolescence.
|
What is another term for legal adulthood?
|
{'text': 'age of majority', 'answer_start': 203}
|
49,313
| 48,971
|
571b5e2e9499d21900609c6d
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generic
|
In British English, the word 'asphalt' is used to refer to a mixture of mineral aggregate and asphalt/bitumen (also called tarmac in common parlance). When bitumen is mixed with clay it is usually called asphaltum. The earlier word 'asphaltum' is now archaic and not commonly used.[citation needed] In American English, 'asphalt' is equivalent to the British 'bitumen'. However, 'asphalt' is also commonly used as a shortened form of 'asphalt concrete' (therefore equivalent to the British 'asphalt' or 'tarmac'). In Australian English, bitumen is often used as the generic term for road surfaces. In Canadian English, the word bitumen is used to refer to the vast Canadian deposits of extremely heavy crude oil, while asphalt is used for the oil refinery product used to pave roads and manufacture roof shingles and various waterproofing products. Diluted bitumen (diluted with naphtha to make it flow in pipelines) is known as dilbit in the Canadian petroleum industry, while bitumen "upgraded" to synthetic crude oil is known as syncrude and syncrude blended with bitumen as synbit. Bitumen is still the preferred geological term for naturally occurring deposits of the solid or semi-solid form of petroleum. Bituminous rock is a form of sandstone impregnated with bitumen. The tar sands of Alberta, Canada are a similar material.
|
To what type of aggregate did asphalt used to refer?
|
{'text': 'mixture', 'answer_start': 61}
|
76,672
| 76,330
|
5a8c9919fd22b3001a8d8bb0
|
generic
|
The only words of Jesus on the cross in the Mark and Matthew accounts, this is a quotation of Psalm 22. Since other verses of the same Psalm are cited in the crucifixion accounts, it is often considered a literary and theological creation. Geza Vermes, however, points out that the verse is cited in Aramaic rather than the Hebrew in which it usually would have been recited, and suggests that by the time of Jesus, this phrase had become a proverbial saying in common usage. Compared to the accounts in the other Gospels, which he describes as 'theologically correct and reassuring', he considers this phrase 'unexpected, disquieting and in consequence more probable'. He describes it as bearing 'all the appearances of a genuine cry'. Raymond Brown likewise comments that he finds 'no persuasive argument against attributing to the Jesus of Mark/Matt the literal sentiment of feeling forsaken expressed in the Psalm quote'.
|
What language was learned by Geza Vermes when he was a child?
|
{'text': 'Hebrew', 'answer_start': 324}
|
17,501
| 17,159
|
56e19be4e3433e1400423018
|
generic
|
Despite its relative lexical unity, the two dialectal blocks of Catalan (Eastern and Western) show some differences in word choices. Any lexical divergence within any of the two groups can be explained as an archaism. Also, usually Central Catalan acts as an innovative element.
|
What form is innovative?
|
{'text': 'Central Catalan', 'answer_start': 232}
|
79,228
| 78,886
|
5ad219ded7d075001a42841a
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generic
|
The primary responsibility for a boy's studies lies with his House Master, but he is assisted by an additional director of studies, known as a tutor. Classes, colloquially known as "divs" (divisions), are organised on a School basis; the classrooms are separate from the houses. New school buildings have appeared for teaching purposes every decade or so since New Schools, designed by Henry Woodyer and built 1861-3. Despite the introduction of modern technology, the external appearance and locations of many of the classrooms have remained unchanged for a long time.
|
Who was one of the first House Master's?
|
{'text': 'Henry Woodyer', 'answer_start': 386}
|
6,267
| 5,925
|
56db06dae7c41114004b4c70
|
generic
|
With the exception of seasons one and two, the contestants in the semifinals onwards perform in front of a studio audience. They perform with a full band in the finals. From season four to season nine, the American Idol band was led by Rickey Minor; from season ten onwards, Ray Chew. Assistance may also be given by vocal coaches and song arrangers, such as Michael Orland and Debra Byrd to contestants behind the scene. Starting with season seven, contestants may perform with a musical instrument from the Hollywood rounds onwards. In the first nine seasons, performances were usually aired live on Tuesday nights, followed by the results shows on Wednesdays in the United States and Canada, but moved to Wednesdays and Thursdays in season ten.
|
What season were contestants allowed use a musical instrument when they sing?
|
{'text': 'seven', 'answer_start': 443}
|
16,081
| 15,739
|
56e176a2cd28a01900c6797b
|
generic
|
The nickel hydrogen battery was used for the first time in 1977 aboard the U.S. Navy's Navigation technology satellite-2 (NTS-2). For example, the ISS, Mars Odyssey and the Mars Global Surveyor are equipped with nickel-hydrogen batteries. In the dark part of its orbit, the Hubble Space Telescope is also powered by nickel-hydrogen batteries, which were finally replaced in May 2009, more than 19 years after launch, and 13 years over their design life.
|
What year was the first nickel hydrogen battery used?
|
{'text': '1977', 'answer_start': 59}
|
71,003
| 70,661
|
5726d36b708984140094d285
|
generic
|
The fortified city temporarily fell to the French invasion in 1672 (the Disaster Year); where the French invasion was only stopped west of Utrecht at the Old Hollandic Waterline. In 1674, only two years after the French left, the centre of Utrecht was struck by a tornado. The halt to building before construction of flying buttresses in the 15th century now proved to be the undoing of the central section of the cathedral of St Martin church which collapsed; creating the current Dom square between the tower and choir. In 1713, Utrecht hosted one of the first international peace negotiations when the Treaty of Utrecht settled the War of the Spanish Succession. Since 1723 Utrecht became the centre of the non-Roman Old Catholic Churches in the world.
|
What collapsed during the tornado
|
{'text': 'The halt to building before construction of flying buttresses in the 15th century now proved to be the undoing of the central section of the cathedral', 'answer_start': 273}
|
103,451
| 103,109
|
572f1256cb0c0d14000f1760
|
generic
|
The passenger cabs are mechanically separated from the lift mechanism, thus allowing the elevator shafts to be used continuously while passengers board and embark from the cabs, as well as move through show scenes on various floors. The passenger cabs, which are automated guided vehicles or AGVs, move into the vertical motion shaft and lock themselves in before the elevator starts moving vertically. Multiple elevator shafts are used to further improve passenger throughput. The doorways of the top few "floors" of the attraction are open to the outdoor environment, thus allowing passengers to look out from the top of the structure.
|
What action do the cabs take before the elevator begins to move?
|
{'text': 'move into the vertical motion shaft and lock themselves in', 'answer_start': 298}
|
95,276
| 94,934
|
572996956aef051400154ffa
|
generic
|
The Croatian Latin alphabet (Gajica) followed suit shortly afterwards, when Ljudevit Gaj defined it as standard Latin with five extra letters that had diacritics, apparently borrowing much from Czech, but also from Polish, and inventing the unique digraphs "lj", "nj" and "dž". These digraphs are represented as "ļ, ń and ǵ" respectively in the "Rječnik hrvatskog ili srpskog jezika", published by the former Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts in Zagreb. The latter digraphs, however, are unused in the literary standard of the language. All in all, this makes Serbo-Croatian the only Slavic language to officially use both the Latin and Cyrillic scripts, albeit the Latin version is more commonly used.
|
How many extra letters does the Croatian Latin alphabet have?
|
{'text': 'five', 'answer_start': 123}
|
1,319
| 977
|
56cbf12a6d243a140015ee08
|
generic
|
Chopin arrived in Paris in late September 1831; he would never return to Poland, thus becoming one of many expatriates of the Polish Great Emigration. In France he used the French versions of his given names, and after receiving French citizenship in 1835, he travelled on a French passport. However, Chopin remained close to his fellow Poles in exile as friends and confidants and he never felt fully comfortable speaking French. Chopin's biographer Adam Zamoyski writes that he never considered himself to be French, despite his father's French origins, and always saw himself as a Pole.
|
In what year did Frédéric officially acquire French citizenship?
|
{'text': '1835', 'answer_start': 251}
|
96,768
| 96,426
|
572a4a80fed8de19000d5b77
|
generic
|
The establishment of Ottoman military aviation dates back to between June 1909 and July 1911. The Ottoman Empire started preparing its first pilots and planes, and with the founding of the Aviation School (Tayyare Mektebi) in Yeşilköy on 3 July 1912, the Empire began to tutor its own flight officers. The founding of the Aviation School quickened advancement in the military aviation program, increased the number of enlisted persons within it, and gave the new pilots an active role in the Ottoman Army and Navy. In May 1913 the world's first specialized Reconnaissance Training Program was started by the Aviation School and the first separate reconnaissance division was established.[citation needed] In June 1914 a new military academy, the Naval Aviation School (Bahriye Tayyare Mektebi) was founded. With the outbreak of World War I, the modernization process stopped abruptly. The Ottoman aviation squadrons fought on many fronts during World War I, from Galicia in the west to the Caucasus in the east and Yemen in the south.
|
On what date was the Aviation School founded?
|
{'text': '3 July 1912', 'answer_start': 238}
|
15,124
| 14,782
|
5acf6cc177cf76001a684def
|
generic
|
The English term comics is used as a singular noun when it refers to the medium and a plural when referring to particular instances, such as individual strips or comic books. Though the term derives from the humorous (or comic) work that predominated in early American newspaper comic strips, it has become standard also for non-humorous works. It is common in English to refer to the comics of different cultures by the terms used in their original languages, such as manga for Japanese comics, or bandes dessinées for French-language comics. There is no consensus amongst theorists and historians on a definition of comics; some emphasize the combination of images and text, some sequentiality or other image relations, and others historical aspects such as mass reproduction or the use of recurring characters. The increasing cross-pollination of concepts from different comics cultures and eras has further made definition difficult.
|
When is the term comics considered multiple rather than plural?
|
{'text': 'when it refers to the medium', 'answer_start': 51}
|
110,462
| 110,120
|
572fbae9a23a5019007fc8ee
|
generic
|
Ter-Petrosyan led Armenia alongside Defense Minister Vazgen Sargsyan through the Nagorno-Karabakh War with neighboring Azerbaijan. The initial post-Soviet years were marred by economic difficulties, which had their roots early in the Karabakh conflict when the Azerbaijani Popular Front managed to pressure the Azerbaijan SSR to instigate a railway and air blockade against Armenia. This move effectively crippled Armenia's economy as 85% of its cargo and goods arrived through rail traffic. In 1993, Turkey joined the blockade against Armenia in support of Azerbaijan.
|
How does Armenia get most of it's commodities?
|
{'text': 'rail traffic', 'answer_start': 478}
|
199
| 199
|
138412
|
pubqa
|
On Monday 15 January 2007, a municipality in Denmark received the first of several complaints from citizens who reported severe diarrhoea and vomiting over the weekend. Over the same period, the drinking water in many houses was reported to be discoloured and of unusual smell and taste. The local authorities immediately prohibited any use of the water - except for toilet flushing - in the entire area supplied with untreated drinking water from the local waterworks, which involved 5,802 citizens and a number of companies (Figure 1). The citizens in the area were warned by the police and through radio broadcasts.
To reveal the nature and the geographical spread of the suspected water contamination, water samples for microbiological and chemical analyses were systematically collected from the water distribution system across the whole area supplied from the local waterworks. The water samples were collected at the waterworks itself, from major water pipelines and wells, and from tap water in private houses and companies. High concentrations of faecal indicator bacteria (primarily presumptive coliform counts and�Escherichia coli) and endotoxins in the water samples indicated a massive faecal contamination of a part of the water distribution system, while other parts of the distribution system appeared not to be affected. On the basis of the geographical distribution of indicator bacteria, and the technical information about directions of the water flow in the different sections of the water distribution system, the area suspected to be contaminated was systematically reduced step by step during the next days.
Based on the analyses of 530 water samples collected at 200 different sites, the area finally considered to be affected by the water contamination was defined on 26 January 2007 (indicated with a red line in Figure 1). This area comprised 177 households with 450 residents and several companies, among which six dealt with food. Restrictions on water use were maintained in this area, while the water was released for normal use in the area that was not considered to be contaminated.
Gastrointestinal illness
A line-list of patients with gastrointestinal illness associated with the water contamination was established on the basis of notifications from general practitioners, enquiries made to the medical health officer, patients seeking advice from the emergency medical service, and patients contacting an ad hoc telephone �hotline� established by the local authorities. Additional information was collected during a house-to-house questionnaire survey conducted on 16 January among 20 households in the most severely affected street. Stool samples were examined at the Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Parasitology, and the Department of Virology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen. A case of acute gastroenteritis was defined as a person with diarrhoea, vomiting and/or abdominal pain/cramps with fever. To verify whether reported cases met the case definition, and to confirm the geographical extent of gastrointestinal illness associated with the water contamination, patients on the line-list were contacted by telephone and/or postal questionnaires.
By the end of February 2007, 140 cases had been registered: 110 were residents of the area that was judged to be contaminated on the basis of the environmental investigations, 12 were shoppers or employees at the food companies in the area, and 18 affected people came from outside the contaminated area. The epidemic curve for cases among residents in the contaminated area with known date of illness onset is shown in Figure 2. No new cases in the contaminated area were registered after 24 January.
Cases were largely confined to the contaminated area. A total of 24% of the residents of the contaminated area were registered with gastrointestinal illness, compared with 0.3% in the other sections of the waterworks� supply area (relative risk 73; 95% CI 44-127). From the most severely affected street in the contaminated area, 43% of residents were reported to have fallen ill. Four patients were temporarily admitted to hospital.
Microbiological results
By the end of February 2007, stool samples from 139 patients affected by the outbreak (including 99 patients who met the case-definition criteria) had been examined with respect to gastrointestinal bacteria, viruses and parasites. Among these, 77 patients (43 cases) had one or more samples that tested positive, including 23 patients with 2-5 different pathogenic gastrointestinal organisms (Table). Not all samples were tested for the entire range of pathogens identified. Further microbiological testing and genotyping of the samples are being undertaken.
Technical assessment and intervention
Technical and microbiological investigations of the water indicated that the most probable cause of the contamination was the combination of a technical and a human error at a local sewage treatment facility, which allowed at least 27 m3�of partially filtered waste water to enter into the drinking water system in the period between 12 and 14 January 2007. The two pipelines were separated, and the exact circumstances of the incident that allowed the backflow of the sewage water remain to be revealed. The conclusion of the technical investigations was supported by the large variety of gastrointestinal pathogens found in the stool samples, which corroborated that the contamination was due to backflow of grossly contaminated sewage water rather than, for example, surface water or sewage from only a few households. The sewage treatment plant receives sewage from a population of approximately 40,000, as well as industrial enterprises, food production establishments and a hospital.
Flushing of the area�s distribution system was initiated immediately and sustained for several weeks. As faecal indicator bacteria were still found in the drinking water after two weeks of sustained flushing, the distribution system was subsequently disinfected by chlorination on 10 and 11 February. After another two days of flushing, the drinking water was released for normal use, but recommended for drinking still only after boiling. By 12 March, the boiling restrictions were lifted for the majority of households, since by then the environmental water samples from the distribution system had fulfilled the quality criteria for untreated drinking water as defined by the Danish Ministry of Environment [3].
Commentary
The handling of the outbreak called for interdisciplinary cooperation and the epidemiological investigations supported the technical and water-microbiological analyses. Geographical information systems were used to define the contaminated area, and the 18 episodes of illness reported outside of the contaminated area (Figure 1) probably represent sporadic illness or could be associated with the outbreak in a way that was not investigated, for example by secondary transmission.
Although the drinking water supply in Denmark is primarily from untreated ground water, disease cases are rarely registered in connection with incidents of contamination [1,2]. The outbreak described was unusual, partly because of the high morbidity among the exposed citizens, and partly because of the extraordinary complexity of positive microbiological findings; a recent review of disease outbreaks caused by contaminated drinking water in the United States from 2003 to 2004 reported that in only two out of 25 outbreaks with known aetiology more than one microorganism was detected [4]. The consequences were considerable for the affected families, but also for the food companies, which were not allowed to resume production until the middle of February.
|
What is the date of the event?
|
{'answer_id': 274468, 'document_id': 445597, 'question_id': 138412, 'text': 'January 2007', 'answer_start': 13, 'answer_category': 'SHORT'}
|
10,930
| 10,588
|
5acfb03577cf76001a685885
|
generic
|
Meanwhile, the Industrial Revolution laid open the door for mass production and consumption. Aesthetics became a criterion for the middle class as ornamented products, once within the province of expensive craftsmanship, became cheaper under machine production.
|
What became cheap enough for the lower class to buy?
|
{'text': 'ornamented products', 'answer_start': 147}
|
77,063
| 76,721
|
5a8c7ba9fd22b3001a8d88f1
|
generic
|
Eclectic readings also normally give an impression of the number of witnesses to each available reading. Although a reading supported by the majority of witnesses is frequently preferred, this does not follow automatically. For example, a second edition of a Shakespeare play may include an addition alluding to an event known to have happened between the two editions. Although nearly all subsequent manuscripts may have included the addition, textual critics may reconstruct the original without the addition.
|
Why do people prefer a first edition Shakespeare play?
|
{'text': 'may include an addition alluding to an event known to have happened between the two editions', 'answer_start': 276}
|
16,320
| 15,978
|
56e108fce3433e1400422b15
|
generic
|
Apollo 11 left lunar orbit and returned to Earth, landing safely in the Pacific Ocean on July 24, 1969. When the spacecraft splashed down, 2,982 days had passed since Kennedy's commitment to landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth before the end of the decade; the mission was completed with 161 days to spare. With the safe completion of the Apollo 11 mission, the Americans won the race to the Moon.
|
Where did the Apollo 11 mission land back on Earth?
|
{'text': 'Pacific Ocean', 'answer_start': 72}
|
13,258
| 12,916
|
56df4e488bc80c19004e4a3e
|
generic
|
The city is roughly bisected by the North Canadian River (recently renamed the Oklahoma River inside city limits). The North Canadian once had sufficient flow to flood every year, wreaking destruction on surrounding areas, including the central business district and the original Oklahoma City Zoo. In the 1940s, a dam was built on the river to manage the flood control and reduced its level. In the 1990s, as part of the citywide revitalization project known as MAPS, the city built a series of low-water dams, returning water to the portion of the river flowing near downtown. The city has three large lakes: Lake Hefner and Lake Overholser, in the northwestern quarter of the city; and the largest, Lake Stanley Draper, in the sparsely populated far southeast portion of the city.
|
What is the new name for the part of the North Canadian River that resides within the city limits?
|
{'text': 'Oklahoma River', 'answer_start': 79}
|
51,602
| 51,260
|
5a0ce7f5f5590b0018dab64a
|
generic
|
A key aspect of the Gates Foundation's U.S. efforts involves an overhaul of the country's education policies at both the K-12 and college levels, including support for teacher evaluations and charter schools and opposition to seniority-based layoffs and other aspects of the education system that are typically backed by teachers' unions. It spent $373 million on education in 2009. It has also donated to the two largest national teachers' unions. The foundation was the biggest early backer of the Common Core State Standards Initiative.
|
What group has donated to the two largest national charter schools?
|
{'text': 'the Gates Foundation', 'answer_start': 16}
|
77,706
| 77,364
|
57277ad5f1498d1400e8f957
|
generic
|
At the time of its launch, TCM was available to approximately one million cable television subscribers. The network originally served as a competitor to AMC – which at the time was known as "American Movie Classics" and maintained a virtually identical format to TCM, as both networks largely focused on films released prior to 1970 and aired them in an uncut, uncolorized, and commercial-free format. AMC had broadened its film content to feature colorized and more recent films by 2002 and abandoned its commercial-free format, leaving TCM as the only movie-oriented cable channel to devote its programming entirely to classic films without commercial interruption.
|
By what year was AMC showing commercials?
|
{'text': '2002', 'answer_start': 483}
|
82,520
| 82,178
|
5727ee1f3acd2414000df00d
|
generic
|
Tibet has various festivals that are commonly performed to worship the Buddha[citation needed] throughout the year. Losar is the Tibetan New Year Festival. Preparations for the festive event are manifested by special offerings to family shrine deities, painted doors with religious symbols, and other painstaking jobs done to prepare for the event. Tibetans eat Guthuk (barley noodle soup with filling) on New Year's Eve with their families. The Monlam Prayer Festival follows it in the first month of the Tibetan calendar, falling between the fourth and the eleventh days of the first Tibetan month. It involves dancing and participating in sports events, as well as sharing picnics. The event was established in 1049 by Tsong Khapa, the founder of the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama's order.
|
What do Tibetan's eat on New Year's Eve?
|
{'text': 'Guthuk', 'answer_start': 362}
|
94,511
| 94,169
|
5729693f3f37b3190047834e
|
generic
|
Many minerals provide pigments which have been used in green paints and dyes over the centuries. Pigments, in this case, are minerals which reflect the color green, rather that emitting it through luminescent or phosphorescent qualities. The large number of green pigments makes it impossible to mention them all. Among the more notable green minerals, however is the emerald, which is colored green by trace amounts of chromium and sometimes vanadium. Chromium(III) oxide (Cr2O3), is called chrome green, also called viridian or institutional green when used as a pigment. For many years, the source of amazonite's color was a mystery. Widely thought to have been due to copper because copper compounds often have blue and green colors, the blue-green color is likely to be derived from small quantities of lead and water in the feldspar. Copper is the source of the green color in malachite pigments, chemically known as basic copper(II) carbonate.
|
What are green paints and dyes usually made of?
|
{'text': 'minerals', 'answer_start': 5}
|
5,716
| 5,374
|
56d1d5e8e7d4791d00902283
|
generic
|
While he searched for enlightenment, Gautama combined the yoga practice of his teacher Kalama with what later became known as "the immeasurables".[dubious – discuss] Gautama thus invented a new kind of human, one without egotism.[dubious – discuss] What Thich Nhat Hanh calls the "Four Immeasurable Minds" of love, compassion, joy, and equanimity[full citation needed] are also known as brahmaviharas, divine abodes, or simply as four immeasurables.[web 5] Pema Chödrön calls them the "four limitless ones". Of the four, mettā or loving-kindness meditation is perhaps the best known.[web 5] The Four Immeasurables are taught as a form of meditation that cultivates "wholesome attitudes towards all sentient beings."[web 6][web 7]
|
The Four Immeasurables are taught as a form of what?
|
{'text': 'meditation', 'answer_start': 546}
|
46,645
| 46,303
|
5aceb35532bba1001ae4b0c0
|
generic
|
Rufinus relates a story that as Bishop Alexander stood by a window, he watched boys playing on the seashore below, imitating the ritual of Christian baptism. He sent for the children and discovered that one of the boys (Athanasius) had acted as bishop. After questioning Athanasius, Bishop Alexander informed him that the baptisms were genuine, as both the form and matter of the sacrament had been performed through the recitation of the correct words and the administration of water, and that he must not continue to do this as those baptized had not been properly catechized. He invited Athanasius and his playfellows to prepare for clerical careers.
|
Why was Athanasius ordered to continue baptising?
|
{'text': 'not been properly catechized', 'answer_start': 549}
|
124,630
| 124,288
|
5ad3dfe2604f3c001a3ff499
|
generic
|
Though Jehovah's Witnesses do not accept blood transfusions of whole blood, they may accept some blood plasma fractions at their own discretion. The Watch Tower Society provides pre-formatted durable power of attorney documents prohibiting major blood components, in which members can specify which allowable fractions and treatments they will personally accept. Jehovah's Witnesses have established Hospital Liaison Committees as a cooperative arrangement between individual Jehovah's Witnesses and medical professionals and hospitals.
|
What is one of the Protestant religions who are fine with blood transfusions?
|
{'text': "Jehovah's Witnesses", 'answer_start': 7}
|
128,058
| 127,716
|
5733a3cbd058e614000b5f40
|
generic
|
The College of Arts and Letters was established as the university's first college in 1842 with the first degrees given in 1849. The university's first academic curriculum was modeled after the Jesuit Ratio Studiorum from Saint Louis University. Today the college, housed in O'Shaughnessy Hall, includes 20 departments in the areas of fine arts, humanities, and social sciences, and awards Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) degrees in 33 majors, making it the largest of the university's colleges. There are around 2,500 undergraduates and 750 graduates enrolled in the college.
|
In what year was the The College of Arts and Letters at Notre Dame created?
|
{'text': '1842', 'answer_start': 85}
|
1,224
| 882
|
56d20bf6e7d4791d00902622
|
generic
|
In 1817 the Saxon Palace was requisitioned by Warsaw's Russian governor for military use, and the Warsaw Lyceum was reestablished in the Kazimierz Palace (today the rectorate of Warsaw University). Fryderyk and his family moved to a building, which still survives, adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace. During this period, Fryderyk was sometimes invited to the Belweder Palace as playmate to the son of the ruler of Russian Poland, Grand Duke Constantine; he played the piano for the Duke and composed a march for him. Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz, in his dramatic eclogue, "Nasze Przebiegi" ("Our Discourses", 1818), attested to "little Chopin's" popularity.
|
What was the place Chopin was invited to as a friend of ruler's son?
|
{'text': 'Belweder Palace', 'answer_start': 357}
|
73,264
| 72,922
|
57273572dd62a815002e9991
|
generic
|
NAACP had many problem's with JFK's "token" proposal. They wanted jobs. One day after the order took effect, NAACP labor secretary Herbert Hill filed complaints against the hiring and promoting practices of Lockheed Aircraft Corporation. Lockheed was doing business with the Defense Department on the first billion-dollar contract. Due to taxpayer-funding being 90% of Lockheed's business, along with disproportionate hiring practices, black workers charged Lockheed with "overt discrimination." Lockheed signed an agreement with Vice President Johnson that pledged an "aggressive seeking out for more qualified minority candidates for technical and skill positions.:63–64 This agreement was the administration's model for a "plan of progress." Johnson and his assistants soon pressured other defense contractors, including Boeing and General Electric, to sign similar voluntary agreements indicating plans for progress. However, these plans were just that, voluntary. Many corporations in the South, still afflicted with Jim Crow laws, largely ignored the federal recommendations.:63–64
|
Who did Lockheed sign an agreement with to seek out more minority workers?
|
{'text': 'Vice President Johnson', 'answer_start': 530}
|
98,027
| 97,685
|
572a8f95111d821400f38bf5
|
generic
|
Western commentators post-9/11 often perceive madaris as places of radical revivalism with a connotation of anti-Americanism and radical extremism, frequently associated in the Western press with Wahhabi attitudes toward non-Muslims. In Arabic the word madrasa simply means "school" and does not imply a political or religious affiliation, radical or otherwise. Madaris have varied curricula, and are not all religious. Some madaris in India, for example, have a secularised identity. Although early madaris were founded primarily to gain "knowledge of God" they also taught subjects such as mathematics and poetry. For example, in the Ottoman Empire, "Madrasahs had seven categories of sciences that were taught, such as: styles of writing, oral sciences like the Arabic language, grammar, rhetoric, and history and intellectual sciences, such as logic." This is similar to the Western world, in which universities began as institutions of the Catholic church.
|
What are the origins of western schools?
|
{'text': 'institutions of the Catholic church', 'answer_start': 925}
|
101,014
| 100,672
|
572e97b4c246551400ce43a3
|
generic
|
British post-punk entered the 1980s with support from members of the critical community—American critic Greil Marcus characterised "Britain's postpunk pop avant-garde" in a 1980 Rolling Stone article as "sparked by a tension, humour and sense of paradox plainly unique in present day pop music"—as well as media figures such as BBC DJ John Peel, while several groups, such as PiL and Joy Division, achieved some success in the popular charts. The network of supportive record labels that included Industrial, Fast, E.G., Mute, Axis/4AD and Glass continued to facilitate a large output of music, by artists such as the Raincoats, Essential Logic, Killing Joke, the Teardrop Explodes, and the Psychedelic Furs.
|
What corporation was John Peel a DJ for?
|
{'text': 'BBC', 'answer_start': 328}
|
120,308
| 119,966
|
57312cffa5e9cc1400cdbcc1
|
generic
|
According to both indigenous American and European accounts and documents, American civilizations at the time of European encounter had achieved many accomplishments. For instance, the Aztecs built one of the largest cities in the world, Tenochtitlan, the ancient site of Mexico City, with an estimated population of 200,000. American civilizations also displayed impressive accomplishments in astronomy and mathematics. The domestication of maize or corn required thousands of years of selective breeding.
|
What had the civilizations in the Americas achieved by the time the Europeans encountered them?
|
{'text': 'many accomplishments', 'answer_start': 145}
|
121,934
| 121,592
|
5731b729b9d445190005e4a9
|
generic
|
The same divine agencies who caused disease or harm also had the power to avert it, and so might be placated in advance. Divine consideration might be sought to avoid the inconvenient delays of a journey, or encounters with banditry, piracy and shipwreck, with due gratitude to be rendered on safe arrival or return. In times of great crisis, the Senate could decree collective public rites, in which Rome's citizens, including women and children, moved in procession from one temple to the next, supplicating the gods.
|
What was expected when the divine intervention benefited the patron?
|
{'text': 'gratitude', 'answer_start': 265}
|
99,260
| 98,918
|
5ace44f632bba1001ae4a13a
|
generic
|
Intermittent warfare lasting from July 23, 1670 until July 1695, plus the typhoons of 1671 and 1693, and in particular the smallpox epidemic of 1688, reduced the Chamorro population from 50,000 to 10,000 to less than 5,000.:86 Precipitated by the death of Quipuha, and the murder of Father San Vitores and Pedro Calungsod by local rebel chief Matapang, tensions led to a number of conflicts. Captain Juan de Santiago started a campaign to pacify the island, which was continued by the successive commanders of the Spanish forces.:68–74
|
What did Quipuha dies of?
|
{'text': 'smallpox', 'answer_start': 123}
|
123,155
| 122,813
|
5731f248e17f3d1400422563
|
generic
|
Soteriologically, most Methodists are Arminian, emphasizing that Christ accomplished salvation for every human being, and that humans must exercise an act of the will to receive it (as opposed to the traditional Calvinist doctrine of monergism). Methodism is traditionally low church in liturgy, although this varies greatly between individual congregations; the Wesleys themselves greatly valued the Anglican liturgy and tradition. Methodism is known for its rich musical tradition; John Wesley's brother, Charles, was instrumental in writing much of the hymnody of the Methodist Church, and many other eminent hymn writers come from the Methodist tradition.
|
Methodists believe that Christ achieved salvation for whom?
|
{'text': 'every human being', 'answer_start': 99}
|
89,368
| 89,026
|
5ad138be645df0001a2d123b
|
generic
|
Labour went on to win the 1950 general election, but with a much reduced majority of five seats. Soon afterwards, defence became a divisive issue within the party, especially defence spending (which reached a peak of 14% of GDP in 1951 during the Korean War), straining public finances and forcing savings elsewhere. The Chancellor of the Exchequer, Hugh Gaitskell, introduced charges for NHS dentures and spectacles, causing Bevan, along with Harold Wilson (then President of the Board of Trade), to resign over the dilution of the principle of free treatment on which the NHS had been established.
|
What was a uniting issue in the party?
|
{'text': 'defence', 'answer_start': 114}
|
48,822
| 48,480
|
5acf9a7577cf76001a685427
|
generic
|
After the assassination of Uthman in 656, Ali, a member of the Quraysh tribe and the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, was elected as the caliph. He soon met with resistance from several factions, owing to his relative political inexperience. Ali moved his capital from Medina to Kufa. The resulting conflict, which lasted from 656 until 661, is known as the First Fitna ("civil war"). Muawiyah I, the governor of Syria, a relative of Uthman ibn al-Affan and Marwan I, wanted the culprits arrested. Marwan I manipulated everyone and created conflict. Aisha, the wife of Muhammad, and Talhah and Al-Zubayr, two of the companions of Muhammad, went to Basra to tell Ali to arrest the culprits who murdered Uthman. Marwan I and other people who wanted conflict manipulated everyone to fight. The two sides clashed at the Battle of the Camel in 656, where Ali won a decisive victory.
|
Why did Ali meet with little resistance?
|
{'text': 'political inexperience', 'answer_start': 220}
|
55,207
| 54,865
|
5a62793df8d794001af1c004
|
generic
|
Downstream operations, which now also includes the chemicals business, generates a third of Shell's profits worldwide and is known for its global network of more than 40,000 petrol stations and its 47 oil refineries. The downstream business, which in some countries also included oil refining, generally included a retail petrol station network, lubricants manufacture and marketing, industrial fuel and lubricants sales and a host of other product/market sectors such as LPG and bitumen. The practice in Shell was that these businesses were essentially local and that they were best managed by local "operating companies" – often with middle and senior management reinforced by expatriates. In the 1990s, this paradigm began to change, and the independence of operating companies around the world was gradually reduced. Today, virtually all of Shell's operations in various businesses are much more directly managed from London and The Hague. The autonomy of "operating companies" has been largely removed, as more "global businesses" have been created.
|
How many of Shell's operations are controlled in London instead of Hague?
|
{'text': 'virtually all', 'answer_start': 828}
|
62,808
| 62,466
|
5a6687f8f038b7001ab0bf62
|
generic
|
Lossy data compression is the converse of lossless data compression. In these schemes, some loss of information is acceptable. Dropping nonessential detail from the data source can save storage space. Lossy data compression schemes are designed by research on how people perceive the data in question. For example, the human eye is more sensitive to subtle variations in luminance than it is to the variations in color. JPEG image compression works in part by rounding off nonessential bits of information. There is a corresponding trade-off between preserving information and reducing size. A number of popular compression formats exploit these perceptual differences, including those used in music files, images, and video.
|
What type of data compression is the converse of subtle variations?
|
{'text': 'Lossy', 'answer_start': 0}
|
104,438
| 104,096
|
5a77509b2d6d7f001a4a9fd2
|
generic
|
After the incorporation of these states to the United States in the first half of the 19th century, the Spanish language was later reinforced in the country by the acquisition of Puerto Rico in 1898. Later waves of emigration from Mexico, Cuba, El Salvador and elsewhere in Hispanic America to the United States beginning in the second half of the 19th century to the present-day have strengthened the role of the Spanish language in the country. Today, Hispanics are one of the fastest growing demographics in the United States, thus increasing the use and importance of American Spanish in the United States.
|
What strengthened the role of the English language in the the country?
|
{'text': 'emigration from Mexico, Cuba, El Salvador and elsewhere in Hispanic America to the United States', 'answer_start': 215}
|
15,104
| 14,762
|
56e01244231d4119001abf19
|
generic
|
Comics are a medium used to express ideas by images, often combined with text or other visual information. Comics frequently takes the form of juxtaposed sequences of panels of images. Often textual devices such as speech balloons, captions, and onomatopoeia indicate dialogue, narration, sound effects, or other information. Size and arrangement of panels contribute to narrative pacing. Cartooning and similar forms of illustration are the most common image-making means in comics; fumetti is a form which uses photographic images. Common forms of comics include comic strips, editorial and gag cartoons, and comic books. Since the late 20th century, bound volumes such as graphic novels, comics albums, and tankōbon have become increasingly common, and online webcomics have proliferated in the 21st century.
|
The various sizes as well as how panels are arranged help with what aspect of comics?
|
{'text': 'narrative pacing', 'answer_start': 371}
|
49,789
| 49,447
|
5726434238643c19005ad3d1
|
generic
|
At the time of her accession, the government was led by the Whig prime minister Lord Melbourne, who at once became a powerful influence on the politically inexperienced Queen, who relied on him for advice. Charles Greville supposed that the widowed and childless Melbourne was "passionately fond of her as he might be of his daughter if he had one", and Victoria probably saw him as a father figure. Her coronation took place on 28 June 1838 at Westminster Abbey. Over 400,000 visitors came to London for the celebrations. She became the first sovereign to take up residence at Buckingham Palace and inherited the revenues of the duchies of Lancaster and Cornwall as well as being granted a civil list allowance of £385,000 per year. Financially prudent, she paid off her father's debts.
|
Where did Queen Victoria reside?
|
{'text': 'Buckingham Palace', 'answer_start': 578}
|
60,242
| 59,900
|
5a6bc2004eec6b001a80a59a
|
generic
|
The act of predation can be broken down into a maximum of four stages: Detection of prey, attack, capture and finally consumption. The relationship between predator and prey is one that is typically beneficial to the predator, and detrimental to the prey species. Sometimes, however, predation has indirect benefits to the prey species, though the individuals preyed upon themselves do not benefit. This means that, at each applicable stage, predator and prey species are in an evolutionary arms race to maximize their respective abilities to obtain food or avoid being eaten. This interaction has resulted in a vast array of adaptations in both groups.
|
What term is used to describe how prey evades a predator?
|
{'text': 'evolutionary arms race', 'answer_start': 478}
|
76,561
| 76,219
|
5a8c7970fd22b3001a8d8894
|
generic
|
An early non-Christian reference to the crucifixion of Jesus is likely to be Mara Bar-Serapion's letter to his son, written sometime after AD 73 but before the 3rd century AD. The letter includes no Christian themes and the author is presumed to be a pagan. The letter refers to the retributions that followed the unjust treatment of three wise men: Socrates, Pythagoras, and "the wise king" of the Jews. Some scholars see little doubt that the reference to the execution of the "king of the Jews" is about the crucifixion of Jesus, while others place less value in the letter, given the possible ambiguity in the reference.
|
Who did Socrates write a letter to about the crucifixion?
|
{'text': 'his son', 'answer_start': 107}
|
108,189
| 107,847
|
573026ab04bcaa1900d7724c
|
generic
|
Reflections generally affect polarization. For radio waves, one important reflector is the ionosphere which can change the wave's polarization. Thus for signals received following reflection by the ionosphere (a skywave), a consistent polarization cannot be expected. For line-of-sight communications or ground wave propagation, horizontally or vertically polarized transmissions generally remain in about the same polarization state at the receiving location. Matching the receiving antenna's polarization to that of the transmitter can make a very substantial difference in received signal strength.
|
What reflector can change the waves polarization?
|
{'text': 'ionosphere', 'answer_start': 91}
|
54,178
| 53,836
|
5726c9c25951b619008f7e21
|
generic
|
On 27 June 1950, two days after the KPA invaded and three months before the Chinese entered the war, President Truman dispatched the United States Seventh Fleet to the Taiwan Strait, to prevent hostilities between the Nationalist Republic of China (Taiwan) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). On 4 August 1950, with the PRC invasion of Taiwan aborted, Mao Zedong reported to the Politburo that he would intervene in Korea when the People's Liberation Army's (PLA) Taiwan invasion force was reorganized into the PLA North East Frontier Force. China justified its entry into the war as a response to "American aggression in the guise of the UN".
|
What provoked China to join the war?
|
{'text': 'American aggression in the guise of the UN', 'answer_start': 605}
|
73,365
| 73,023
|
5ad4159d604f3c001a400317
|
generic
|
The category of Native American applies to the diverse group of people who lived in North America before European settlement. During the U.S. government's westward expansion, Native Americans were displaced from their land which had been their home for centuries. Instead, they were forced onto reservations which were far smaller and less productive. According to Brest, land belonging to Native Americans was reduced from 138 million acres in 1887 to 52 million acres in 1934. In 1990, the poverty rate for Native Americans was more than triple that of the whites and only 9.4% of Native Americans have completed a bachelor's degree as opposed to 25.2% of whites and 12.2% of African Americans.
|
Where were Native Americans forced to live after they won their land?
|
{'text': 'reservations', 'answer_start': 295}
|
8,318
| 7,976
|
56dcf8689a695914005b94a2
|
generic
|
Sassou also won the following presidential election in July 2009. According to the Congolese Observatory of Human Rights, a non-governmental organization, the election was marked by "very low" turnout and "fraud and irregularities".
|
What kind of turnout did the Congolese Observatory of Human Rights experience in the 2009 elections?
|
{'text': 'very low', 'answer_start': 183}
|
117,966
| 117,624
|
573120dda5e9cc1400cdbc4d
|
generic
|
Funafuti is the only port but there is a deep-water berth in the harbour at Nukufetau. The merchant marine fleet consists of two passenger/cargo ships Nivaga III and Manu Folau. These ships carry cargo and passengers between the main atolls and travel between Suva, Fiji and Funafuti 3 to 4 times a year. The Nivaga III and Manu Folau provide round trip visits to the outer islands every three or four weeks. The Manu Folau is a 50-metre vessel that was a gift from Japan to the people of Tuvalu. In 2015 the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) assisted the government of Tuvalu to acquire MV Talamoana, a 30-metre vessel that will be used to implement Tuvalu's National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) to transport government officials and project personnel to the outer islands. In 2015 the Nivaga III was donated by the government of Japan; it replaced the Nivaga II, which had serviced Tuvalu from 1989.
|
What do Tuvalu's merchant fleet carry?
|
{'text': 'cargo and passengers', 'answer_start': 196}
|
120,321
| 119,979
|
57313428e6313a140071cd17
|
generic
|
The first indigenous group encountered by Columbus were the 250,000 Taínos of Hispaniola who represented the dominant culture in the Greater Antilles and the Bahamas. Within thirty years about 70% of the Taínos had died. They had no immunity to European diseases, so outbreaks of measles and smallpox ravaged their population. Increasing punishment of the Taínos for revolting against forced labour, despite measures put in place by the encomienda, which included religious education and protection from warring tribes, eventually led to the last great Taíno rebellion.
|
Why were outbreaks of measles and smallpox able to so easily decimate the Taínos' population?
|
{'text': 'no immunity to European diseases', 'answer_start': 230}
|
56,576
| 56,234
|
57267360f1498d1400e8e002
|
generic
|
The noise-based speed is defined as the exposure that will lead to a given signal-to-noise ratio on individual pixels. Two ratios are used, the 40:1 ("excellent image quality") and the 10:1 ("acceptable image quality") ratio. These ratios have been subjectively determined based on a resolution of 70 pixels per cm (178 DPI) when viewed at 25 cm (9.8 inch) distance. The signal-to-noise ratio is defined as the standard deviation of a weighted average of the luminance and color of individual pixels. The noise-based speed is mostly determined by the properties of the sensor and somewhat affected by the noise in the electronic gain and AD converter.
|
What factors influence the noise-based speed?
|
{'text': 'the properties of the sensor and somewhat affected by the noise in the electronic gain and AD converter', 'answer_start': 547}
|
126,825
| 126,483
|
57329aaa328d981900601fcb
|
generic
|
As one of their first acts after end of the War of the Castilian Succession in 1479, Ferdinand and Isabella established the centrally organized and efficient Holy Brotherhood (Santa Hermandad) as a national police force. They adapted an existing brotherhood to the purpose of a general police acting under officials appointed by themselves, and endowed with great powers of summary jurisdiction even in capital cases. The original brotherhoods continued to serve as modest local police-units until their final suppression in 1835.
|
What war ended in 1479?
|
{'text': 'War of the Castilian Succession', 'answer_start': 44}
|
114,466
| 114,124
|
5a79e4bf17ab25001a8a0186
|
generic
|
A standard adult football match consists of two periods of 45 minutes each, known as halves. Each half runs continuously, meaning that the clock is not stopped when the ball is out of play. There is usually a 15-minute half-time break between halves. The end of the match is known as full-time. The referee is the official timekeeper for the match, and may make an allowance for time lost through substitutions, injured players requiring attention, or other stoppages. This added time is called additional time in FIFA documents, but is most commonly referred to as stoppage time or injury time, while loss time can also be used as a synonym. The duration of stoppage time is at the sole discretion of the referee. The referee alone signals the end of the match. In matches where a fourth official is appointed, toward the end of the half the referee signals how many minutes of stoppage time he intends to add. The fourth official then informs the players and spectators by holding up a board showing this number. The signalled stoppage time may be further extended by the referee. Added time was introduced because of an incident which happened in 1891 during a match between Stoke and Aston Villa. Trailing 1–0 and with just two minutes remaining, Stoke were awarded a penalty. Villa's goalkeeper kicked the ball out of the ground, and by the time the ball had been recovered, the 90 minutes had elapsed and the game was over. The same law also states that the duration of either half is extended until the penalty kick to be taken or retaken is completed, thus no game shall end with a penalty to be taken.
|
What year did an incident reduce additional time?
|
{'text': '1891', 'answer_start': 1150}
|
1,871
| 1,529
|
56ccf53362d2951400fa64fd
|
generic
|
Nevertheless, the ethno-geographic caste hierarchy favoring the Mongols and other ethnicities were accorded higher status than the Han Chinese majority. Although Han Chinese who were recruited as advisers were often actually more influential than high officials, their status was not as well defined. Kublai also abolished the imperial examinations of China's civil service legacy, which was not reinstated until Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan's reign (1311–1320). Rossabi writes that Kublai recognized that in order to rule China, "he had to employ Chinese advisors and officials, yet he could not rely totally on Chinese advisers because he had to maintain a delicate balancing act between ruling the sedentary civilization of China and preserving the cultural identity and values of the Mongols." And "in governing China, he was concerned with the interests of his Chinese subjects, but also with exploiting the resources of the empire for his own aggrandizement. His motivations and objectives alternated from one to the other throughout his reign," according to Rossabi. Van Praag writes in The Status of Tibet that the Tibetans and Mongols, on the other hand, upheld a dual system of rule and an interdependent relationship that legitimated the succession of Mongol khans as universal Buddhist rulers, or chakravartin. Van Praag writes that "Tibet remained a unique part of the Empire and was never fully integrated into it," citing examples such as a licensed border market that existed between China and Tibet during the Yuan.
|
When did Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan reign?
|
{'text': '1311–1320', 'answer_start': 447}
|
50,114
| 49,772
|
57267420dd62a815002e8574
|
generic
|
During Victoria's first pregnancy in 1840, in the first few months of the marriage, 18-year-old Edward Oxford attempted to assassinate her while she was riding in a carriage with Prince Albert on her way to visit her mother. Oxford fired twice, but either both bullets missed or, as he later claimed, the guns had no shot. He was tried for high treason and found guilty, but was acquitted on the grounds of insanity. In the immediate aftermath of the attack, Victoria's popularity soared, mitigating residual discontent over the Hastings affair and the bedchamber crisis. Her daughter, also named Victoria, was born on 21 November 1840. The Queen hated being pregnant, viewed breast-feeding with disgust, and thought newborn babies were ugly. Nevertheless, over the following seventeen years, she and Albert had a further eight children: Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (b. 1841), Alice (b. 1843), Alfred (b. 1844), Helena (b. 1846), Louise (b. 1848), Arthur (b. 1850), Leopold (b. 1853) and Beatrice (b. 1857).
|
What happened to Edward Oxford to after he was found guilty of high treason?
|
{'text': 'acquitted on the grounds of insanity', 'answer_start': 379}
|
93,447
| 93,105
|
572913b8af94a219006aa037
|
generic
|
Most common glass contains other ingredients to change its properties. Lead glass or flint glass is more 'brilliant' because the increased refractive index causes noticeably more specular reflection and increased optical dispersion. Adding barium also increases the refractive index. Thorium oxide gives glass a high refractive index and low dispersion and was formerly used in producing high-quality lenses, but due to its radioactivity has been replaced by lanthanum oxide in modern eyeglasses.[citation needed] Iron can be incorporated into glass to absorb infrared energy, for example in heat absorbing filters for movie projectors, while cerium(IV) oxide can be used for glass that absorbs UV wavelengths.
|
What element is used in glass to keep it from becoming too hot?
|
{'text': 'Iron', 'answer_start': 514}
|
40,234
| 39,892
|
570c67dcfed7b91900d459b3
|
generic
|
John's royal household was based around several groups of followers. One group was the familiares regis, John's immediate friends and knights who travelled around the country with him. They also played an important role in organising and leading military campaigns. Another section of royal followers were the curia regis; these curiales were the senior officials and agents of the king and were essential to his day-to-day rule. Being a member of these inner circles brought huge advantages, as it was easier to gain favours from the king, file lawsuits, marry a wealthy heiress or have one's debts remitted. By the time of Henry II, these posts were increasingly being filled by "new men" from outside the normal ranks of the barons. This intensified under John's rule, with many lesser nobles arriving from the continent to take up positions at court; many were mercenary leaders from Poitou. These men included soldiers who would become infamous in England for their uncivilised behaviour, including Falkes de Breauté, Geard d'Athies, Engelard de Cigongé and Philip Marc. Many barons perceived the king's household as what Ralph Turner has characterised as a "narrow clique enjoying royal favour at barons' expense" staffed by men of lesser status.
|
John's royal household was based around what?
|
{'text': 'several groups of followers', 'answer_start': 40}
|
74,064
| 73,722
|
572779a2dd62a815002e9dfa
|
generic
|
The city has many distinct neighborhoods. In addition to Downtown, centered on the central business district and the Green, are the following neighborhoods: the west central neighborhoods of Dixwell and Dwight; the southern neighborhoods of The Hill, historic water-front City Point (or Oyster Point), and the harborside district of Long Wharf; the western neighborhoods of Edgewood, West River, Westville, Amity, and West Rock-Westhills; East Rock, Cedar Hill, Prospect Hill, and Newhallville in the northern side of town; the east central neighborhoods of Mill River and Wooster Square, an Italian-American neighborhood; Fair Haven, an immigrant community located between the Mill and Quinnipiac rivers; Quinnipiac Meadows and Fair Haven Heights across the Quinnipiac River; and facing the eastern side of the harbor, The Annex and East Shore (or Morris Cove).
|
What east-central neighborhood in New Haven is home to a large number of Italian-Americans?
|
{'text': 'Wooster Square', 'answer_start': 573}
|
16,530
| 16,188
|
5a4d7eb1755ab9001a10f40f
|
generic
|
Web browsers consist of a user interface, layout engine, rendering engine, JavaScript interpreter, UI backend, networking component and data persistence component. These components achieve different functionalities of a web browser and together provide all capabilities of a web browser.
|
What are two things that make up a UI backend?
|
{'text': 'user interface, layout engine', 'answer_start': 26}
|
3,071
| 2,729
|
5ad23d95d7d075001a42889a
|
generic
|
After wrapping up in England, production travelled to Morocco in June, with filming taking place in Oujda, Tangier and Erfoud, after preliminary work was completed by the production's second unit. An explosion filmed in Morocco holds a Guinness World Record for the "Largest film stunt explosion" in cinematic history, with the record credited to production designer Chris Corbould. Principal photography concluded on 5 July 2015. A wrap-up party for Spectre was held in commemoration before entering post-production. Filming took 128 days.
|
Screenwriter Chris Corbould was credited with what Guinness World Record?
|
{'text': 'Largest film stunt explosion', 'answer_start': 267}
|
4,517
| 4,175
|
56d10b9a17492d1400aab7fa
|
generic
|
Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, anchoring Lincoln Square on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, is home to numerous influential arts organizations, including the Metropolitan Opera, New York City Opera, New York Philharmonic, and New York City Ballet, as well as the Vivian Beaumont Theater, the Juilliard School, Jazz at Lincoln Center, and Alice Tully Hall. The Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute is in Union Square, and Tisch School of the Arts is based at New York University, while Central Park SummerStage presents performances of free plays and music in Central Park.
|
In what square is the theater named after Lee Strasberg located?
|
{'text': 'Union Square', 'answer_start': 417}
|
86,076
| 85,734
|
57281a634b864d1900164489
|
generic
|
PS3's hardware has also been used to build supercomputers for high-performance computing. Fixstars Solutions sells a version of Yellow Dog Linux for PlayStation 3 (originally sold by Terra Soft Solutions). RapidMind produced a stream programming package for PS3, but were acquired by Intel in 2009. Also, on January 3, 2007, Dr. Frank Mueller, Associate Professor of Computer science at NCSU, clustered 8 PS3s. Mueller commented that the 256 MB of system RAM is a limitation for this particular application and is considering attempting to retrofit more RAM. Software includes: Fedora Core 5 Linux ppc64, MPICH2, OpenMP v 2.5, GNU Compiler Collection and CellSDK 1.1. As a more cost-effective alternative to conventional supercomputers, the U.S. military has purchased clusters of PS3 units for research purposes. Retail PS3 Slim units cannot be used for supercomputing, because PS3 Slim lacks the ability to boot into a third-party OS.
|
What company sold Yellow Dog Linux before Fixstars Solutions?
|
{'text': 'Terra Soft Solutions', 'answer_start': 183}
|
10,063
| 9,721
|
5ad30f62604f3c001a3fdb1c
|
generic
|
A cardinal who is not a bishop is still entitled to wear and use the episcopal vestments and other pontificalia (episcopal regalia: mitre, crozier, zucchetto, pectoral cross and ring). Even if not a bishop, any cardinal has both actual and honorary precedence over non-cardinal patriarchs, as well as the archbishops and bishops who are not cardinals, but he cannot perform the functions reserved solely to bishops, such as ordination. The prominent priests who since 1962 were not ordained bishops on their elevation to the cardinalate were over the age of 80 or near to it, and so no cardinal who was not a bishop has participated in recent papal conclaves.
|
What six items make up the episcopal regalia?
|
{'text': 'mitre, crozier, zucchetto, pectoral cross and ring', 'answer_start': 132}
|
100,228
| 99,886
|
572ba616111d821400f38f34
|
generic
|
Nouns are also inflected for number, distinguishing between singular and plural. Typical of a Slavic language, Czech cardinal numbers one through four allow the nouns and adjectives they modify to take any case, but numbers over five place these nouns and adjectives in the genitive case when the entire expression is in nominative or accusative case. The Czech koruna is an example of this feature; it is shown here as the subject of a hypothetical sentence, and declined as genitive for numbers five and up.
|
What are inflected for number in Czech?
|
{'text': 'Nouns', 'answer_start': 0}
|
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