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47,306 | 46,964 | 5a8cd552fd22b3001a8d8f26 | generic | The working memory model explains many practical observations, such as why it is easier to do two different tasks (one verbal and one visual) than two similar tasks (e.g., two visual), and the aforementioned word-length effect. However, the concept of a central executive as noted here has been criticised as inadequate ... | What is non-working memory also the premise for? | {'text': 'what allows us to do everyday activities involving thought', 'answer_start': 387} |
94,994 | 94,652 | 5acfd04977cf76001a686162 | generic | The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has stated that zinc damages nerve receptors in the nose, which can cause anosmia. Reports of anosmia were also observed in the 1930s when zinc preparations were used in a failed attempt to prevent polio infections. On June 16, 2009, the FDA said that consumers should stop us... | What did the FDA order remove from stores in 1709? | {'text': 'zinc-based intranasal cold products', 'answer_start': 324} |
127,718 | 127,376 | 5acef03332bba1001ae4b969 | generic | It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710. The Samanid Empire, 819 to 999, restored Persian control of the region and enlarged the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara (both cities are today part of Uzbekistan) which became the cultu... | Who was temporarily under control of the Turkish empire? | {'text': 'Tajikistan', 'answer_start': 485} |
114,871 | 114,529 | 5a62ba07f8d794001af1c1e9 | generic | The Central Bank of Liberia is responsible for printing and maintaining the Liberian dollar, which is the primary form of currency in Liberia. Liberia is one of the world's poorest countries, with a formal employment rate of 15%. GDP per capita peaked in 1980 at US$496, when it was comparable to Egypt's (at the time). ... | What is Liberia's rate of isolation? | {'text': '15%', 'answer_start': 225} |
54,458 | 54,116 | 5acfd2e577cf76001a6861f1 | generic | The first criminal provision in U.S. copyright law was added in 1897, which established a misdemeanor penalty for "unlawful performances and representations of copyrighted dramatic and musical compositions" if the violation had been "willful and for profit." Criminal copyright infringement requires that the infringer a... | What mustn't a prosecuter show after the basic elements of infringement? | {'text': 'that defendant willfully infringed', 'answer_start': 665} |
57,446 | 57,104 | 5a63983668151a001a9223be | generic | Conflict between the Germanic tribes and the forces of Rome under Julius Caesar forced major Germanic tribes to retreat to the east bank of the Rhine. Roman emperor Augustus in 12 BC ordered the conquest of the Germans, but the catastrophic Roman defeat at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest resulted in the Roman Empire... | Who ordered the conquest of the Germans in the 1200's BC | {'text': 'Roman emperor Augustus', 'answer_start': 151} |
101,381 | 101,039 | 572e7c79cb0c0d14000f11b1 | generic | Realizing that war was imminent, Prussia preemptively struck Saxony and quickly overran it. The result caused uproar across Europe. Because of Prussia's alliance with Britain, Austria formed an alliance with France, seeing an opportunity to recapture Silesia, which had been lost in a previous war. Reluctantly, by follo... | What area was the site of the first action in the Seven Years' War | {'text': 'Saxony', 'answer_start': 61} |
953 | 611 | 56becb8d3aeaaa14008c9496 | generic | Beyoncé has received numerous awards. As a solo artist she has sold over 15 million albums in the US, and over 118 million records worldwide (a further 60 million additionally with Destiny's Child), making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) listed... | Totaling worldwide, how many records as Beyonce sold? | {'text': '118 million', 'answer_start': 111} |
117,073 | 116,731 | 57311f58497a881900248b78 | generic | Igor returned to Kiev keen for revenge. He assembled a large force of warriors from among neighboring Slavs and Pecheneg allies, and sent for reinforcements of Varangians from “beyond the sea.” In 944 the Rus' force advanced again on the Greeks, by land and sea, and a Byzantine force from Cherson responded. The Emperor... | When did the Rus return to Byzatine seeking revenge? | {'text': '944', 'answer_start': 197} |
17,377 | 17,035 | 56e15083e3433e1400422dac | generic | In Andorra, Catalan has always been the sole official language. Since the promulgation of the 1993 constitution, several Andorranization policies have been enforced, like Catalan medium education. | What policies are the Andorrans enforcing? | {'text': 'Andorranization policies', 'answer_start': 121} |
113,794 | 113,452 | 57301cdea23a5019007fcda0 | generic | Iran's climate ranges from arid or semiarid, to subtropical along the Caspian coast and the northern forests. On the northern edge of the country (the Caspian coastal plain) temperatures rarely fall below freezing and the area remains humid for the rest of the year. Summer temperatures rarely exceed 29 °C (84.2 °F). An... | What is the annual precipitation in Iran's western plains? | {'text': '1,700 mm (66.9 in)', 'answer_start': 406} |
16,947 | 16,605 | 56e102b7cd28a01900c6742d | generic | Canonical jurisprudential theory generally follows the principles of Aristotelian-Thomistic legal philosophy. While the term "law" is never explicitly defined in the Code, the Catechism of the Catholic Church cites Aquinas in defining law as "...an ordinance of reason for the common good, promulgated by the one who is ... | What word is not specifically given meaning in the Code of the Church? | {'text': 'law', 'answer_start': 126} |
25,984 | 25,642 | 56f989e59e9bad19000a0a67 | generic | The oldest method of studying the brain is anatomical, and until the middle of the 20th century, much of the progress in neuroscience came from the development of better cell stains and better microscopes. Neuroanatomists study the large-scale structure of the brain as well as the microscopic structure of neurons and t... | The oldest known method of studying the brain is what? | {'text': 'anatomical,', 'answer_start': 43} |
10,873 | 10,531 | 56e476b139bdeb1400347948 | generic | Nunzia Rondanini stated, "Through its aesthetic dimension architecture goes beyond the functional aspects that it has in common with other human sciences. Through its own particular way of expressing values, architecture can stimulate and influence social life without presuming that, in and of itself, it will promote s... | What does architecture share with other sciences? | {'text': 'functional aspects', 'answer_start': 87} |
74,061 | 73,719 | 5729734f1d04691400779498 | generic | Downtown New Haven, occupied by nearly 7,000 residents, has a more residential character than most downtowns. The downtown area provides about half of the city's jobs and half of its tax base and in recent years has become filled with dozens of new upscale restaurants, several of which have garnered national praise (su... | What has help the most with the continuous growth within the area? | {'text': 'thousands of apartments and condominium', 'answer_start': 481} |
53,924 | 53,582 | 572687a75951b619008f75ec | generic | The curious location on Catalina Island stemmed from Cubs owner William Wrigley Jr.'s then-majority interest in the island in 1919. Wrigley constructed a ballpark on the island to house the Cubs in spring training: it was built to the same dimensions as Wrigley Field. (The ballpark is long gone, but a clubhouse built b... | What did Wrigley construct on the island to house the Cubs in Spring training? | {'text': 'a ballpark', 'answer_start': 152} |
68,871 | 68,529 | 5726f2d65951b619008f8338 | generic | In June, the fleets transported the Allied expeditionary forces to Varna, in support of the Ottoman operations on the Danube; in September they again transported the armies, this time to the Crimea. The Russian fleet during this time declined to engage the allies, preferring to maintain a "fleet in being"; this strateg... | How many 60-gun frigates did the Russians lose in the Black Sea? | {'text': 'four', 'answer_start': 692} |
116,636 | 116,294 | 57307b852461fd1900a9ce4f | generic | Throughout the 18th century, the watchword of translators was ease of reading. Whatever they did not understand in a text, or thought might bore readers, they omitted. They cheerfully assumed that their own style of expression was the best, and that texts should be made to conform to it in translation. For scholarship ... | What was the guiding ideal of translators throughout the 18th century? | {'text': 'ease of reading', 'answer_start': 62} |
100,836 | 100,494 | 5a282b0cd1a287001a6d0aad | generic | Though the music varied widely between regions and artists, the post-punk movement has been characterized by its "conceptual assault" on rock conventions and rejection of aesthetics perceived of as traditionalist, hegemonic or rockist in favor of experimentation with production techniques and non-rock musical styles su... | What aesthetic did Matthew Bannister not associate with post-punk? | {'text': 'avant-garde', 'answer_start': 400} |
35,351 | 35,009 | 570a9b464103511400d5987a | generic | Another source of loanwords was Old Norse, which came into contact with Old English via the Scandinavian rulers and settlers in the Danelaw from the late 9th century, and during the rule of Cnut and other Danish kings in the early 11th century. Many place-names in eastern and northern England are of Scandinavian origin... | During what century did Cnut rule? | {'text': '11th', 'answer_start': 231} |
124,006 | 123,664 | 5a84a7ef7cf838001a46aa1c | generic | A party's floor leader, in conjunction with other party leaders, plays an influential role in the formulation of party policy and programs. He is instrumental in guiding legislation favored by his party through the House, or in resisting those programs of the other party that are considered undesirable by his own party... | What does the whip organization play a role in forming in conjunction with party leaders? | {'text': 'party policy and programs', 'answer_start': 113} |
122,717 | 122,375 | 5ad142a4645df0001a2d142d | generic | Others, such as Rep. Roger Sherman of Connecticut, believed the clause was unnecessary because the original Constitution only gave Congress stated powers, which did not include establishing a national religion. Anti-Federalists such as Rep. Thomas Tucker of South Carolina moved to strike the establishment clause comple... | Where was Representative Thomas Pucker from? | {'text': 'South Carolina', 'answer_start': 258} |
56,304 | 55,962 | 5726758cf1498d1400e8e05c | generic | The style of Japanese professional wrestling (puroresu) is again different. With its origins in traditional American style of wrestling and still being under the same genre, it has become an entity in itself. Despite the similarity to its American counterpart in that the outcome of the matches remains predetermined, th... | What is a common background for a Japanese wrestler? | {'text': 'legitimate martial arts', 'answer_start': 1093} |
46,284 | 45,942 | 57111bd0b654c5140001fb5d | generic | Problems with the 10NES lockout chip frequently resulted in the console's most infamous problem: the blinking red power light, in which the system appears to turn itself on and off repeatedly because the 10NES would reset the console once per second. The lockout chip required constant communication with the chip in the... | What disrupted the communication as well? | {'text': 'Dirty, aging and bent connectors', 'answer_start': 335} |
22,613 | 22,271 | 5ad4a796ba00c4001a268ef5 | generic | Around the 6th century, Slavs appeared on Byzantine borders in great numbers.[page needed] The Byzantine records note that grass would not regrow in places where the Slavs had marched through, so great were their numbers. After a military movement even the Peloponnese and Asia Minor were reported to have Slavic settlem... | How has the southern movement of the Byzantine empire been understood? | {'text': 'as an invasive expansion', 'answer_start': 377} |
110,994 | 110,652 | 572fe9d5a23a5019007fcb2b | generic | Through-hole manufacture adds to board cost by requiring many holes to be drilled accurately, and limits the available routing area for signal traces on layers immediately below the top layer on multi-layer boards since the holes must pass through all layers to the opposite side. Once surface-mounting came into use, sm... | Which type of construction is more expensive? | {'text': 'Through-hole', 'answer_start': 0} |
58,638 | 58,296 | 5ad0c52b645df0001a2d02ac | generic | Socialism confronted consumerism in the chain State Department Stores (GUM), set up by Lenin in 1921 as a model retail enterprise. It operated stores throughout Russia and targeted consumers across class, gender, and ethnic lines. GUM was designed to advance the Bolsheviks' goals of eliminating private enterprise and r... | When did they last establish the organization? | {'text': '1921', 'answer_start': 96} |
69,292 | 68,950 | 5a7d208870df9f001a874fbb | generic | Definitions of literature have varied over time; it is a "culturally relative definition". In Western Europe prior to the eighteenth century, literature as a term indicated all books and writing. A more restricted sense of the term emerged during the Romantic period, in which it began to demarcate "imaginative" literat... | What is literature referred to because definitions have varied very little over time? | {'text': 'culturally relative definition', 'answer_start': 58} |
12,621 | 12,279 | 5acd0c8407355d001abf3251 | generic | Materialism is often associated with reductionism, according to which the objects or phenomena individuated at one level of description, if they are genuine, must be explicable in terms of the objects or phenomena at some other level of description — typically, at a more reduced level. Non-reductive materialism explici... | What level physics does psychology and geology use? | {'text': 'basic', 'answer_start': 748} |
120,444 | 120,102 | 57318409e6313a140071cff9 | generic | Approximately 96.4% of Ecuador's Indigenous population are Highland Quichuas living in the valleys of the Sierra region. Primarily consisting of the descendents of Incans, they are Kichwa speakers and include the Caranqui, the Otavalos, the Cayambi, the Quitu-Caras, the Panzaleo, the Chimbuelo, the Salasacan, the Tugua... | Where do the Highland Quichuas live? | {'text': 'valleys of the Sierra region', 'answer_start': 91} |
127,398 | 127,056 | 5a69b9465ce1a5001a9696bd | generic | There has been much debate over categorizing the situation in Darfur as genocide. The ongoing conflict in Darfur, Sudan, which started in 2003, was declared a "genocide" by United States Secretary of State Colin Powell on 9 September 2004 in testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. Since that time howev... | In 2003 what well known U.S. Secretary of State declared the situation in the UN as an act of genocide? | {'text': 'Colin Powell', 'answer_start': 206} |
43,176 | 42,834 | 570e1bd10b85d914000d7ccf | generic | The Argentine, British and Chilean claims all overlap, and have caused friction. On 18 December 2012, the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office named a previously unnamed area Queen Elizabeth Land in tribute to Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee. On 22 December 2012, the UK ambassador to Argentina, John Freeman, wa... | What was the response of the Argentine response to the British land claim? | {'text': 'protest', 'answer_start': 362} |
56,283 | 55,941 | 5726733b5951b619008f72f2 | generic | Some wrestlers may have their own specific "mini me", like Mascarita Sagrada, Alebrije has Quije, etc. There are also cases in which midgets can become valets for a wrestler, and even get physically involved in matches, like Alushe, who often accompanies Tinieblas, or KeMonito, who is portrayed as Consejo Mundial de Lu... | What else did Finlay do with his little person? | {'text': 'occasionally threw him at his opponent(s', 'answer_start': 560} |
73,559 | 73,217 | 5ad41b1b604f3c001a400507 | generic | In 2012, Abigail Fisher, an undergraduate student at Louisiana State University, and Rachel Multer Michalewicz, a law student at Southern Methodist University, filed a lawsuit to challenge the University of Texas admissions policy, asserting it had a "race-conscious policy" that "violated their civil and constitutional... | What did the admissions policy of the University of Texas supposedly not violate? | {'text': 'civil and constitutional', 'answer_start': 296} |
56,066 | 55,724 | 5a1e22e53de3f40018b264e6 | generic | Hokkien, especially Taiwanese, is sometimes written in the Latin script using one of several alphabets. Of these the most popular is Pe̍h-ōe-jī (traditional Chinese: 白話字; simplified Chinese: 白话字; pinyin: Báihuàzì). POJ was developed first by Presbyterian missionaries in China and later by the indigenous Presbyterian Ch... | What is the traditional Latin alphabet called? | {'text': 'Pe̍h-ōe-jī', 'answer_start': 133} |
12,526 | 12,184 | 5ad572595b96ef001a10aeff | generic | In 1956, following the declaration of the Imre Nagy government of withdrawal of Hungary from the Warsaw Pact, Soviet troops entered the country and removed the government. Soviet forces crushed the nationwide revolt, leading to the death of an estimated 2,500 Hungarian citizens. | Whose troops entered Hungary and supported thier government? | {'text': 'Soviet', 'answer_start': 110} |
122,567 | 122,225 | 5ad138d1645df0001a2d1245 | generic | Jefferson's metaphor of a wall of separation has been cited repeatedly by the U.S. Supreme Court. In Reynolds v. United States (1879) the Court wrote that Jefferson's comments "may be accepted almost as an authoritative declaration of the scope and effect of the [First] Amendment." In Everson v. Board of Education (194... | What has the U.S. Supreme Court repeatedly denied? | {'text': 'metaphor', 'answer_start': 12} |
110,088 | 109,746 | 57300588a23a5019007fcc59 | generic | Tucson's largest park, Reid Park, is located in midtown and includes Reid Park Zoo and Hi Corbett Field. Speedway Boulevard, a major east-west arterial road in central Tucson, was named the "ugliest street in America" by Life magazine in the early 1970s, quoting Tucson Mayor James Corbett. Despite this, Speedway Boulev... | What city is the Harlem River Speedway in? | {'text': 'New York City', 'answer_start': 624} |
32,288 | 31,946 | 5709783fed30961900e841a8 | generic | However, the formation of one's identity occurs through one's identifications with significant others (primarily with parents and other individuals during one's biographical experiences, and also with "groups" as they are perceived). These others may be benign - such that one aspires to their characteristics, values an... | What is it called when someone wants to dissociate from the characteristics of significant others? | {'text': 'malign', 'answer_start': 375} |
54,705 | 54,363 | 572618f238643c19005acfec | generic | Greece is a democratic and developed country with an advanced high-income economy, a high quality of life and a very high standard of living. A founding member of the United Nations, Greece was the tenth member to join the European Communities (precursor to the European Union) and has been part of the Eurozone since 20... | Which political philosophy does Greece follow? | {'text': 'democratic', 'answer_start': 12} |
62,242 | 61,900 | 572771def1498d1400e8f849 | generic | Historical definitions of Jewish identity have traditionally been based on halakhic definitions of matrilineal descent, and halakhic conversions. Historical definitions of who is a Jew date back to the codification of the Oral Torah into the Babylonian Talmud, around 200 CE. Interpretations of sections of the Tanakh, s... | Historical definitions of who a Jew is dates back to what year? | {'text': '200 CE', 'answer_start': 268} |
104,192 | 103,850 | 5a76eaf72d6d7f001a4a9ef9 | generic | The Spanish language is the second most spoken language in the United States. There are 45 million Hispanophones who speak Spanish as a first or second language in the United States, as well as six million Spanish language students. Together, this makes the United States of America the second largest Hispanophone count... | How many Hispanophones speak Spanish in Mexico? | {'text': '45 million', 'answer_start': 88} |
36,072 | 35,730 | 5a2f52b2a83784001a7d2709 | generic | The climate of the Cretaceous is less certain and more widely disputed. Higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are thought to have caused the world temperature gradient from north to south to become almost flat: temperatures were about the same across the planet. Average temperatures were also higher than to... | Why were equatorial ocean waters too cold? | {'text': 'temperatures were also higher', 'answer_start': 283} |
13,933 | 13,591 | 56e09ac47aa994140058e62e | generic | Under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, the Bolsheviks established the Soviet state on 7 November [O.S. 25 October] 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown during the October Revolution. Initially, the state did not have an official name and wasn't... | For how long did the Soviet Union go unrecognized? | {'text': 'five months', 'answer_start': 361} |
39,482 | 39,140 | 5ad18acc645df0001a2d1ed8 | generic | The Qur'an relates detailed narrative accounts of Maryam (Mary) in two places, Qur'an 3:35–47 and 19:16–34. These state beliefs in both the Immaculate Conception of Mary and the Virgin birth of Jesus. The account given in Sura 19 is nearly identical with that in the Gospel according to Luke, and both of these (Luke, Su... | Who wrote the detailed narrative accounts of Maryam? | {'text': 'Maryam', 'answer_start': 50} |
75,454 | 75,112 | 572770475951b619008f89e9 | generic | In June 1718 Blackbeard, aka Edward Teach, ran his flagship, the Queen Anne's Revenge, aground at Beaufort Inlet, North Carolina, in present-day Carteret County. After the grounding her crew and supplies were transferred to smaller ships. In 1996 Intersal, Inc., a private firm, discovered the remains of a vessel likely... | What was another name for Blackbeard? | {'text': 'Edward Teach', 'answer_start': 29} |
104,698 | 104,356 | 5ad41f9c604f3c001a4006ac | generic | Violent incidents occurred throughout the Piedmont of the state as white insurgents struggled to maintain white supremacy in the face of social changes after the war and granting of citizenship to freedmen by federal constitutional amendments. After former Confederates were allowed to vote again, election campaigns fro... | The violent 1867 incident that took place on King's street happened on what day? | {'text': 'September 6', 'answer_start': 519} |
102,580 | 102,238 | 572e9610cb0c0d14000f1313 | generic | The middle of summer is hot – in July and August on the coast the average temperature is usually around 33 °C (91 °F) during the day and around 22 °C (72 °F) at night (inland, in the highlands average temperature exceeds 35 °C (95 °F)) while in the June and September on the coast the average temperature is usually arou... | What is the average day temperature on the coast during summer? | {'text': '33 °C (91 °F)', 'answer_start': 104} |
45,905 | 45,563 | 5710898bb654c5140001f963 | generic | Enlightenment scholars sought to curtail the political power of organized religion and thereby prevent another age of intolerant religious war. Spinoza determined to remove politics from contemporary and historical theology (e.g. disregarding Judaic law). Moses Mendelssohn advised affording no political weight to any o... | Did Mendelssohn and Spinoza judge religion on its moral fruits or logic of its theology?? | {'text': 'moral fruits', 'answer_start': 612} |
62,221 | 61,879 | 5ace91ab32bba1001ae4aa5a | generic | Genetic studies on Jews show that most Jews worldwide bear a common genetic heritage which originates in the Middle East, and that they bear their strongest resemblance to the peoples of the Fertile Crescent. The genetic composition of different Jewish groups shows that Jews share a common genetic pool dating back 4,00... | How far back does the people of the Fertile Crescent's shared genetic pool date? | {'text': '4,000 years', 'answer_start': 316} |
76,734 | 76,392 | 5a8cae39fd22b3001a8d8d24 | generic | Christians believe that Jesus’ death was instrumental in restoring humankind to relationship with God. Christians believe that through faith in Jesus’ substitutionary death and triumphant resurrection people are reunited with God and receive new joy and power in this life as well as eternal life in heaven after the bod... | What is one thing you need to have in your house to see at night? | {'text': 'power', 'answer_start': 254} |
69,104 | 68,762 | 5727761c5951b619008f8a6f | generic | In South Africa, charities issue a tax certificate when requested by donors which can be used as a tax deduction by the donor. Non Profit Organisations are registered under Companies and Intellectual Property Commission as Nonprofit Companies (NPCs) but may voluntarily register with The Nonprofit Companies Directorate.... | What do NPOs in South Africa give to their donors? | {'text': 'a tax certificate', 'answer_start': 33} |
114,094 | 113,752 | 5acd935e07355d001abf477f | generic | The demographics of the British Isles today are characterised by a generally high density of population in England, which accounts for almost 80% of the total population of the islands. In elsewhere on Great Britain and on Ireland, high density of population is limited to areas around, or close to, a few large cities. ... | Which is the smallest urban area with only 9 million people? | {'text': 'Greater London Urban Area', 'answer_start': 357} |
116,422 | 116,080 | 5a56a25c6349e2001acdcec9 | generic | The Reed Dance today is not an ancient ceremony but a development of the old "umchwasho" custom. In "umchwasho", all young girls were placed in a female age-regiment. If any girl became pregnant outside of marriage, her family paid a fine of one cow to the local chief. After a number of years, when the girls had reache... | Who pays a fine to a girls parents if she becomes pregnant? | {'text': 'the local chief', 'answer_start': 253} |
82,671 | 82,329 | 5727c326ff5b5019007d949a | generic | Traditionally, major college basketball teams began their seasons with a few exhibition games. They played travelling teams made up of former college players on teams such as Athletes in Action or a team sponsored by Marathon Oil. On occasion before 1992, when FIBA allowed professional players on foreign national teams... | How often does the NCAA allow college teams to go overseas? | {'text': 'one foreign tour every four years', 'answer_start': 779} |
5,095 | 4,753 | 56d0fccf17492d1400aab6f5 | generic | West demonstrated an affinity for the arts at an early age; he began writing poetry when he was five years old. His mother recalled that she first took notice of West's passion for drawing and music when he was in the third grade. Growing up in the city,[which?] West became deeply involved in its hip hop scene. He star... | What activity did Kanye West start doing when he was five? | {'text': 'writing poetry', 'answer_start': 69} |
90,828 | 90,486 | 5ad22a90d7d075001a4285d0 | generic | Though almost any variety of acoustic mandolin might be adequate for Irish traditional music, virtually all Irish players prefer flat-backed instruments with oval sound holes to the Italian-style bowl-back mandolins or the carved-top mandolins with f-holes favoured by bluegrass mandolinists. The former are often too so... | What types of instruments do Italian player prefer? | {'text': 'traditional music', 'answer_start': 75} |
79,554 | 79,212 | 5a7e4fc870df9f001a8756f0 | generic | Cork has been culturally diverse for many years, from Huguenot communities in the 17th century, through to Eastern European communities and a smaller numbers from African and Asian nations in the 20th and 21st centuries. This is reflected in the multi-cultural restaurants and shops, including specialist shops for East-... | What is the size of the Jewish community in Romania? | {'text': 'relatively small', 'answer_start': 740} |
85,167 | 84,825 | 572813e23acd2414000df3e3 | generic | Psychoactive drugs can impair the judgment of time. Stimulants can lead both humans and rats to overestimate time intervals, while depressants can have the opposite effect. The level of activity in the brain of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and norepinephrine may be the reason for this. Such chemicals will either ... | What type of drugs can impair the judgement of time? | {'text': 'Psychoactive drugs', 'answer_start': 0} |
104,178 | 103,836 | 572e867adfa6aa1500f8d09f | generic | The Spanish language is the second most spoken language in the United States. There are 45 million Hispanophones who speak Spanish as a first or second language in the United States, as well as six million Spanish language students. Together, this makes the United States of America the second largest Hispanophone count... | How many people speak Spanish as a first or second language in the United States? | {'text': 'There are 45 million Hispanophones who speak Spanish as a first or second language in the United States,', 'answer_start': 78} |
97,463 | 97,121 | 572a81def75d5e190021fb2a | generic | In The Sensory Order: An Inquiry into the Foundations of Theoretical Psychology (1952), Hayek independently developed a "Hebbian learning" model of learning and memory – an idea which he first conceived in 1920, prior to his study of economics. Hayek's expansion of the "Hebbian synapse" construction into a global brain... | In what year was the book published in which Hayek developed Hebbian learning? | {'text': '1952', 'answer_start': 81} |
93,799 | 93,457 | 57292c3b6aef051400154b3a | generic | Prior to Einstein's paper, electromagnetic radiation such as visible light was considered to behave as a wave: hence the use of the terms "frequency" and "wavelength" to characterise different types of radiation. The energy transferred by a wave in a given time is called its intensity. The light from a theatre spotligh... | Before Einstein, electromagnetic radiation was considered to behave as what? | {'text': 'a wave', 'answer_start': 103} |
63,390 | 63,048 | 5726b072f1498d1400e8e76f | generic | The following sulfonylureas have been commercialized for weed control: amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, chlorimuron-ethyl, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium, halosulfuron-methyl, imazosulfuron, nicosulfuron, oxasulfuron, primisulfuron-methyl, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, rimsulfuron, ... | The amount of material used as a crop protection measure decreased from 1kg/ha in what year to its current 1%? | {'text': '1960s', 'answer_start': 582} |
105,590 | 105,248 | 5a84a2f57cf838001a46a9e2 | generic | According to research published in 1999 by Alan Green and the Center for Public Integrity (CPI), loopholes in the ESA are commonly exploited in the exotic pet trade. Although the legislation prohibits interstate and foreign transactions for list species, no provisions are made for in-state commerce, allowing these anim... | When did people begin exploiting ESA loopholes? | {'text': '1999', 'answer_start': 35} |
121,226 | 120,884 | 57313f98a5e9cc1400cdbdb6 | generic | There were two main techniques in Greco-Roman mosaic: opus vermiculatum used tiny tesserae, typically cubes of 4 millimeters or less, and was produced in workshops in relatively small panels which were transported to the site glued to some temporary support. The tiny tesserae allowed very fine detail, and an approach t... | What was the benefit of using small pieces to create a mosaic? | {'text': 'very fine detail', 'answer_start': 285} |
129,855 | 129,513 | 5ace724732bba1001ae4a6f3 | generic | Gun usage in hunting is typically regulated by game category, area within the state, and time period. Regulations for big-game hunting often specify a minimum caliber or muzzle energy for firearms. The use of rifles is often banned for safety reasons in areas with high population densities or limited topographic relief... | By what category is bow hunting regulated? | {'text': 'game category', 'answer_start': 47} |
30,417 | 30,075 | 57069abf75f01819005e7c37 | generic | Rachel Cain, co-founder of an influential Trax Records, was previously involved in the burgeoning punk scene and cites industrial and post-punk record store Wax Trax! Records as an important connection between the ever-changing underground sounds of Chicago. As most proto-house DJs were primarily stuck to playing their... | Who were Frankie Knuckles and ron hardy? | {'text': 'two influential pioneers of house music', 'answer_start': 393} |
15,464 | 15,122 | 56e031357aa994140058e335 | generic | On leaving the University of Oxford, in 1676, Edmond Halley visited Saint Helena and set up an astronomical observatory with a 7.3-metre-long (24 ft) aerial telescope with the intention of studying stars from the Southern Hemisphere. The site of this telescope is near Saint Mathew's Church in Hutt's Gate, in the Longwo... | Who set up an astronomical observatory on Saint Helena? | {'text': 'Edmond Halley', 'answer_start': 46} |
20,619 | 20,277 | 56e7a1d137bdd419002c4298 | generic | As in most of eastern China the ethnic makeup of Nanjing is predominantly Han nationality (98.56 percent), with 50 other minority nationalities. In 1999, 77,394 residents belonged to minority nationalities, among which the vast majority (64,832) were Hui nationalities, contributing 83.76 percent to the minority populat... | What is the second most common minority group in Nanjing? | {'text': 'Manchu', 'answer_start': 375} |
129,647 | 129,305 | 5734477e879d6814001ca46f | generic | Archaeologist Louis Binford criticised the idea that early hominids and early humans were hunters. On the basis of the analysis of the skeletal remains of the consumed animals, he concluded that hominids and early humans were mostly scavengers, not hunters, and this idea is popular among some archaeologists and paleoan... | What does confrontational scavenging involve doing to other predators after they've made a kill? | {'text': 'challenging and scaring off', 'answer_start': 419} |
5,852 | 5,510 | 56d21dcce7d4791d00902662 | generic | According to the scriptures, Gautama Buddha presented himself as a model. The Dharma offers a refuge by providing guidelines for the alleviation of suffering and the attainment of Nirvana. The Sangha is considered to provide a refuge by preserving the authentic teachings of the Buddha and providing further examples tha... | What offers a refuge by providing guidelines for the alleviation of suffering? | {'text': 'Dharma', 'answer_start': 78} |
4,680 | 4,338 | 56d19bdee7d4791d00902074 | generic | Scholar Patrick Chura, who suggests Emmett Till was a model for Tom Robinson, enumerates the injustices endured by the fictional Tom that Till also faced. Chura notes the icon of the black rapist causing harm to the representation of the "mythologized vulnerable and sacred Southern womanhood". Any transgressions by bla... | Who comprised Tom's jury? | {'text': 'poor white farmers', 'answer_start': 511} |
101,173 | 100,831 | 5a0dd57ed7c8500018864479 | generic | The first written account of a game played was on October 15, 1862, on the Montreal Cricket Grounds. It was between the First Battalion Grenadier Guards and the Second Battalion Scots Fusilier Guards resulting in a win by the Grenadier Guards 3 goals, 2 rouges to nothing.[citation needed] In 1864, at Trinity College, T... | The first written account of American football game was on what date? | {'text': 'October 15, 1862', 'answer_start': 50} |
127,078 | 126,736 | 5732bf5c328d981900602040 | generic | Unmarked vehicles are used primarily for sting operations or apprehending criminals without alerting them to their presence. Some police forces use unmarked or minimally marked cars for traffic law enforcement, since drivers slow down at the sight of marked police vehicles and unmarked vehicles make it easier for offic... | What use of unmarked cars is controversial? | {'text': 'for traffic law enforcement', 'answer_start': 182} |
9,239 | 8,897 | 5a1cd5884ea40d0018b06f4d | generic | The framers of the US Constitution were influenced by the Constitution of the Republic of the United Provinces, as Federalist No. 20, by James Madison, shows. Such influence appears, however, to have been of a negative nature, as Madison describes the Dutch confederacy as exhibiting "Imbecility in the government; disco... | Who was influenced by the Act of Abjuration? | {'text': 'The framers of the US Constitution', 'answer_start': 0} |
15,724 | 15,382 | 56e0848f231d4119001ac246 | generic | The Education and Employment Directorate also offers programmes for students with special needs, vocational training, adult education, evening classes, and distance learning. The island has a public library (the oldest in the Southern Hemisphere) and a mobile library service which operates weekly rural areas. | Who provides programs to students with special needs? | {'text': 'The Education and Employment Directorate', 'answer_start': 0} |
29,026 | 28,684 | 570712049e06ca38007e938a | generic | Because of the acceptance of miscegenation, Brazil has avoided the binary polarization of society into black and white. In addition, it abolished slavery without a civil war. The bitter and sometimes violent racial tensions that have divided the US are notably absent in Brazil. According to the 2010 census, 6.7% of Bra... | What is happened in the US that did not happen in Brazil when slavery ended? | {'text': 'civil war', 'answer_start': 164} |
96,089 | 95,747 | 5acd10cb07355d001abf32ff | generic | For "closed systems" with no external source or sink of energy, the first law of thermodynamics states that a system's energy is constant unless energy is transferred in or out by mechanical work or heat, and that no energy is lost in transfer. This means that it is impossible to create or destroy energy. While heat ca... | The limit to the amount of cold energy that can do work in a cyclic process is known as what? | {'text': 'available energy', 'answer_start': 685} |
92,951 | 92,609 | 57290d3a6aef0514001549f6 | generic | As the number of possible tests for even simple software components is practically infinite, all software testing uses some strategy to select tests that are feasible for the available time and resources. As a result, software testing typically (but not exclusively) attempts to execute a program or application with the... | What is the purpose of testing software? | {'text': 'finding software bugs', 'answer_start': 331} |
75,735 | 75,393 | 57276e51708984140094dd5e | generic | When Emperor Kammu moved the capital to Heian-kyō (Kyōto), which remained the imperial capital for the next 1,000 years, he did so not only to strengthen imperial authority but also to improve his seat of government geopolitically. Nara was abandoned after only 70 years in part due to the ascendancy of Dōkyō and the en... | What time period was the early Heian era? | {'text': '784–967', 'answer_start': 507} |
110,415 | 110,073 | 572fa81904bcaa1900d76b60 | generic | The genocide was implemented in two phases: the wholesale killing of the able-bodied male population through massacre and subjection of army conscripts to forced labour, followed by the deportation of women, children, the elderly and infirm on death marches leading to the Syrian desert. Driven forward by military escor... | What did the second phase of the Armenian Genocide involve? | {'text': 'deportation of women, children, the elderly and infirm', 'answer_start': 186} |
17,596 | 17,254 | 56e1e933cd28a01900c67bf0 | generic | Like all the Romance languages, Catalan verbal inflection is more complex than the nominal. Suffixation is omnipresent, whereas morphological alternations play a secondary role. Vowel alternances are active, as well as infixation and suppletion. However, these are not as productive as in Spanish, and are mostly restric... | What plays a primary part in Catalan? | {'text': 'Suffixation', 'answer_start': 92} |
39,957 | 39,615 | 570e7ff60b85d914000d7f59 | generic | The discovery of gold in Victoria in mid 1851 led to the Victorian gold rush, and Melbourne, which served as the major port and provided most services for the region, experienced rapid growth. Within months, the city's population had increased by nearly three-quarters, from 25,000 to 40,000 inhabitants. Thereafter, gro... | Melbourne experienced rapid growth after 1851 due to the discovery of what? | {'text': 'gold', 'answer_start': 17} |
87,443 | 87,101 | 5728d1664b864d1900164eb7 | generic | For those with severe persistent asthma not controlled by inhaled corticosteroids and LABAs, bronchial thermoplasty may be an option. It involves the delivery of controlled thermal energy to the airway wall during a series of bronchoscopies. While it may increase exacerbation frequency in the first few months it appear... | What treatment helps improve those with allergic rhinitis and asthma? | {'text': 'sublingual immunotherapy', 'answer_start': 415} |
27,842 | 27,500 | 56faeb28f34c681400b0c1a1 | generic | Qado or lunch is often elaborate. Varieties of bariis (rice), the most popular probably being basmati, usually serve as the main dish. Spices like cumin, cardamom, cloves, cinnamon, and garden sage are used to aromatize these different rice delicacies. Somalis eat dinner as late as 9 pm. During Ramadan, supper is often... | What is the most popular variety of bariis? | {'text': 'basmati', 'answer_start': 94} |
101,075 | 100,733 | 572f7dba947a6a140053c9c1 | generic | In Germany, groups such as Einstürzende Neubauten developed a unique style of industrial music, utilizing avant-garde noise, homemade instruments and found objects. Members of that group would later go on to collaborate with members of the Birthday Party. In Brazil, the post-punk scene grew after the generation of Bras... | How did Einstürzende Neubauten come up with their new industrial sound? | {'text': 'avant-garde noise, homemade instruments and found objects', 'answer_start': 106} |
38,330 | 37,988 | 5a651510c2b11c001a425bf7 | generic | Code 127 is officially named "delete" but the Teletype label was "rubout". Since the original standard did not give detailed interpretation for most control codes, interpretations of this code varied. The original Teletype meaning, and the intent of the standard, was to make it an ignored character, the same as NUL (al... | Why was standard code useful for paper tape? | {'text': 'punching the all-ones bit pattern on top of an existing mark would obliterate it', 'answer_start': 384} |
113,854 | 113,512 | 5730301cb2c2fd1400568a26 | generic | Economic sanctions against Iran, such as the embargo against Iranian crude oil, have affected the economy. Sanctions have led to a steep fall in the value of the rial, and as of April 2013 one US dollar is worth 36,000 rial, compared with 16,000 in early 2012. Following a successful implementation of the 2015 nuclear a... | What economic sanction against Iranian crude oil has adversely affected the Iranian economy? | {'text': 'embargo', 'answer_start': 45} |
84,288 | 83,946 | 572801f13acd2414000df206 | generic | Nasser mediated discussions between the pro-Western, pro-Soviet, and neutralist conference factions over the composition of the "Final Communique" addressing colonialism in Africa and Asia and the fostering of global peace amid the Cold War between the West and the Soviet Union. At Bandung Nasser sought a proclamation ... | From what nation did Nasser support the independence of Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco? | {'text': 'French', 'answer_start': 441} |
124,357 | 124,015 | 57323c07e17f3d140042275d | generic | Jehovah's Witnesses are best known for their door-to-door preaching, distributing literature such as The Watchtower and Awake!, and refusing military service and blood transfusions. They consider use of the name Jehovah vital for proper worship. They reject Trinitarianism, inherent immortality of the soul, and hellfire... | What do Jehovah Witnesses consider the name Jehovah vital for? | {'text': 'proper worship', 'answer_start': 230} |
31,277 | 30,935 | 59fb1d95ee36d60018400d18 | generic | Their first ever defeat on home soil to a foreign team was an 0–2 loss to the Republic of Ireland, on 21 September 1949 at Goodison Park. A 6–3 loss in 1953 to Hungary, was their second defeat by a foreign team at Wembley. In the return match in Budapest, Hungary won 7–1. This still stands as England's worst ever defea... | In what year did Syd Owen start playing for England's football team? | {'text': '1949', 'answer_start': 115} |
16,234 | 15,892 | 56e0eaeb7aa994140058e7bc | generic | The US reacted to the Luna program by embarking on the Ranger program in 1959, managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The Block I Ranger 1 and Ranger 2 suffered Atlas-Agena launch failures in August and November 1961. The 727-pound (330 kg) Block II Ranger 3 launched successfully on January 26, 1962, but missed t... | The Block III Ranger 7 mission successfully reached the moon on what date? | {'text': 'July 31, 1964', 'answer_start': 740} |
102,684 | 102,342 | 572eabafc246551400ce44a8 | generic | Epic poetry, notably the "acritic songs", flourished during Middle Ages. Two chronicles, one written by Leontios Machairas and the other by Georgios Voustronios, cover the entire Middle Ages until the end of Frankish rule (4th century–1489). Poèmes d'amour written in medieval Greek Cypriot date back from the 16th centu... | Who is one of the scholars that fled Cyprus during troubled times? | {'text': 'Ioannis Kigalas', 'answer_start': 485} |
27,863 | 27,521 | 56faeccbf34c681400b0c1ad | generic | The Xeer legal system also requires a certain amount of specialization of different functions within the legal framework. Thus, one can find odayal (judges), xeer boggeyaal (jurists), guurtiyaal (detectives), garxajiyaal (attorneys), murkhaatiyal (witnesses) and waranle (police officers) to enforce the law. | What does the Xeer system call cops? | {'text': 'waranle', 'answer_start': 263} |
71,977 | 71,635 | 5727e7003acd2414000def59 | generic | The Jesuit China missions of the 16th and 17th centuries "learned to appreciate the scientific achievements of this ancient culture and made them known in Europe. Through their correspondence European scientists first learned about the Chinese science and culture." Western academic thought on the history of Chinese tec... | Who was the Needham Research Institute named after? | {'text': 'Joseph Needham', 'answer_start': 370} |
29,065 | 28,723 | 5705e4f452bb891400689674 | generic | Though traditionally a moderate newspaper and sometimes a supporter of the Conservative Party, it supported the Labour Party in the 2001 and 2005 general elections. In 2004, according to MORI, the voting intentions of its readership were 40% for the Conservative Party, 29% for the Liberal Democrats, and 26% for Labour.... | Traditionally, what political spectrum did The Times support? | {'text': 'moderate', 'answer_start': 23} |
28,815 | 28,473 | 5706621052bb891400689a06 | generic | Alan Dershowitz described Sudan as an example of a government that "actually deserve(s)" the appellation "apartheid." Former Canadian Minister of Justice Irwin Cotler echoed the accusation. | Who argeed with Dershowitz? | {'text': 'Irwin Cotler', 'answer_start': 154} |
115,006 | 114,664 | 5ad3c964604f3c001a3ff098 | generic | The two volume biography of Whitehead by Victor Lowe is the most definitive presentation of the life of Whitehead. However, many details of Whitehead's life remain obscure because he left no Nachlass; his family carried out his instructions that all of his papers be destroyed after his death. Additionally, Whitehead wa... | What did the author of Whitehead's biography comment on the first page regarding the ease of obtaining information about Whitehead? | {'text': 'No professional biographer in his right mind would touch him', 'answer_start': 566} |
62,965 | 62,623 | 5a66c406f038b7001ab0c101 | generic | Today, nearly all commonly used video compression methods (e.g., those in standards approved by the ITU-T or ISO) apply a discrete cosine transform (DCT) for spatial redundancy reduction. The DCT that is widely used in this regard was introduced by N. Ahmed, T. Natarajan and K. R. Rao in 1974. Other methods, such as fr... | Who approves still-image coders? | {'text': 'ITU-T or ISO', 'answer_start': 100} |
97,746 | 97,404 | 5ace373732bba1001ae49ebc | generic | However, in English, the term madrasah usually refers to the specifically Islamic institutions. A typical Islamic school usually offers two courses of study: a ḥifẓ course teaching memorization of the Qur'an (the person who commits the entire Qurʼan to memory is called a ḥāfiẓ); and an ʻālim course leading the candidat... | What is never taught through a hifz class or set of classes? | {'text': "memorization of the Qur'", 'answer_start': 181} |
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