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Libyan civil war (2014–2020) | As of February 2015, damage and disorder from the war has been considerable. There are frequent electric outages, little business activity, and a loss in revenues from oil by 90%. Over 5,700 people died from the fighting by the end of 2016, and some sources claim nearly a third of the country's population has fled to T... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020) |
Kafala system | According to a 2008 HRW report, under the kafala system in Saudi Arabia, "an employer assumes responsibility for a hired migrant worker and must grant explicit permission before the worker can enter Saudi Arabia, transfer employment, or leave the country. The kafala system gives the employer immense control over the wo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafala_system |
1948 Arab–Israeli War | King Abdullah was the commander of the Arab Legion, the strongest Arab army involved in the war according to Eugene Rogan and Avi Shlaim in 2007. (In contrast, Morris wrote in 2008 that the Egyptian army was the most powerful and threatening army.) The Arab Legion had about 10,000 soldiers, trained and commanded by Bri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War |
Helwan riots (1945) | By the beginning of April 1945, it had become obvious that the war was coming to a close and that the 6th South African Armoured Division as well as many other South African troops serving as divisional, corps and army troops would require transportation back to South Africa for demobilisation. On 1 May, the Union Defe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helwan_riots_(1945) |
Numidia | The Numidian kingdom was very famous for its agricultural yield; besides lettuce, beans, and other grains already consumed by Berbers since the dawn of time, Numidia was very productive when it came to its famously high-quality wheat, very similar to the wheat farmed along the banks of the Egyptian Nile. According to R... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numidia |
Siege of Baghdad | On 13 February, the sack of Baghdad began. This was not an act of wanton destruction, as it has commonly been presented, but rather a calculated decision to show the consequences of defying the Mongol Empire. Sayyids, scholars, merchants who traded with the Mongols, and the Christians in the city on whose behalf Hulegu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Baghdad |
History of the Spanish language | During the 16th century, the three voiced sibilant phonemes—dental /d͡z/, apico-alveolar /z/, and palato-alveolar /ʒ/ (as in Old Spanish fazer, casa, and ojo, respectively) lost their voicing and merged with their voiceless counterparts: /t͡s/, /s/, and /ʃ/ (as in caçar, passar, and baxar respectively). The character ⟨... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Spanish_language |
Hassan al-Turabi | After a political falling out with President Omar al-Bashir in 1999, al-Turabi was imprisoned based on allegations of conspiracy before being released in October 2003. Arrested again in 2004 for allegedly being part of a plot to overthrow the government, he was released on 28 June 2005.
In 2004 he was reported to have ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_al-Turabi |
Druze | Jean-Marc Aractingi, La Face Cachée des Druzes "Les Francs-Maçons de l'Orient", 251 pages, Editeur : Independently published (2020), ISBN 978-1689584821
Jean-Marc Aractingi, "Les Druzes et la Franc-maçonnerie", in Les Cahiers de l'Orient, no. 69, 1er trimestre 2003, Paris: L'Équerre et le Croissant, éditions Les Cahier... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druze |
Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan | Seychellois government records show that, between 1995 and 2010, Sheikh Khalifa had spent $2 million buying up more than 66 acres of land on the Seychelles' main island of Mahé, where what was to be his palace was being built. The Seychelles' government has received large aid packages from the UAE, most notably a $130 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalifa_bin_Zayed_Al_Nahyan |
Human rights in post-invasion Iraq | "OneWorld.net's Latest Coverage on Iraq". Archived from the original on 2008-02-02. Retrieved 2006-03-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
Pictures of the abuse by US soldiers, courtesy of The Memory Hole. Note that the full set of pictures has not been released, including the rape of a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_post-invasion_Iraq |
Arab Islamic Republic | On 11 January 1974, the Djerba Declaration was signed by Bourgiba and Gaddafi, which committed the two states to becoming a single state, to be named the Arab Islamic Republic. The agreement was signed on the island of Djerba and thus, is also known as the Djerba Declaration or the Djerba Accord. Referendums were sche... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Islamic_Republic |
Husayn ibn Ali | Despite the advice of Muhammad ibn Hanafiyya, Abdullah ibn Umar, and the constant insistence of Abd Allah ibn Abbas in Mecca, Husayn did not back down from his decision to go to Kufa. Ibn 'Abbas pointed out that the Kufis had left both his father Ali and his brother Hasan alone, and suggested that Husayn go to Yemen in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali |
Algeria | Under the pretext of a slight to their consul, the French invaded and captured Algiers in 1830. According to several historians, the methods used by the French to establish control over Algeria reached genocidal proportions. Historian Ben Kiernan wrote on the French conquest of Algeria: "By 1875, the French conquest wa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algeria |
Yahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din | From 1934 until his assassination in 1948, Yahya redirected his energies toward internal consolidation of his authority and the creation of a viable central government, answerable to him personally. To this end, control of the hinterland was strengthened by the establishment of a standing army and the naming of his son... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahya_Muhammad_Hamid_ed-Din |
Sultanate of Sulu | The Sulu sultanate became notorious for its so-called "Moro Raids" or acts of piracy on Spanish settlements in the Visayan areas with the aim of capturing slaves and other goods from these coastal towns. Tausug pirates used boats known collectively by Europeans as proas (predominantly the lanong and garay warships), wh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanate_of_Sulu |
Nergal | Resheph, a western god of war and plague, was already associated with Nergal in Ebla in the third millennium BCE, though the connection was not exclusive, as he also occurs in contexts which seem to indicate a relation with Ea (known in Ebla as Hayya) instead. Furthermore, the Eblaite scribes never used Nergal's name a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nergal |
Ghadir Khumm | In Shia and some Sunni sources, two verses of the Qur'an are associated with the Ghadir Khumm: verse 5:3, which announces the perfection of Islam, and verse 5:67, which urges Muhammad to fulfill his divine instructions. The latter, sometimes known as the verse of tabligh (Arabic: تبليغ, lit. 'proclamation'), has been l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghadir_Khumm |
Energy in the State of Palestine | Almost all liquid fuel used in the Palestinian territories is supplied by or via Israel. The supply of petroleum is centrally located at two different terminals in the West Bank and one terminal at the Israel–Gaza barrier, at the Kerem Shalom crossing. These terminals do not have storage capacity for petroleum, which m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_in_the_State_of_Palestine |
Ancient Carthage | Carthage's economic successes, buoyed by its vast maritime trade network, led to the development of a powerful navy to protect and secure vital shipping lanes. Its hegemony brought it into increasing conflict with the Greeks of Syracuse, who also sought control of the central Mediterranean. Founded in the mid seventh c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Carthage |
Fatimid Caliphate | Abun-Nasr, Jamil (1987). A history of the Maghrib in the Islamic period. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521337674.
Brett, Michael (2001). The Rise of the Fatimids: The World of the Mediterranean and the Middle East in the Fourth Century of the Hijra, Tenth Century CE. The Medieval Mediterranean. Vol. 30. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate |
Hurrians | The Hurrian culture made a great impact on the religion of the Hittites. From the Hurrian cult centre at Kummanni in Kizzuwatna, Hurrian religion spread to the Hittite people. Syncretism merged the Old Hittite and Hurrian religions. Hurrian religion spread to Syria, where Baal became the counterpart of Teshub. The Hurr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurrians |
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