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<|im_start|>user ELI5: What exactly are "natural flavorings" and how are food companies allowed to omit these ingredients from the ingredient list? Title<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant FDA standards define "natural flavors" as "the essential oil, oleoresin, essence or extractive, protein hydrolysate, distillate, or ...
<|im_start|>user CMV: Even if the Christian God existed, it would not be worthy of praise and worship From what I understand, the Christian God is all-powerful and all-knowing. And yet suffering, disease, genocide, etc. exist. The existence of these phenomena would require an all-powerful God to permit them. Therefo...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Radiocarbon dating is based on the half-life of C14 but how are scientists so sure that the half life of any particular radio isotope doesn't change over long periods of time (hundreds of thousands to millions of years)? Is it possible that there is some threshold where you would only be able to ...
<|im_start|>user philosophical novels? apart from the usual Dostoevsky, Camus, kafka etc<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Austrian literature is what you're looking for: Thomas Bernhard (*The Loser, Wittgenstein's Nephew*), Elias Canetti (*Auto-da-fe*), Robert Musil (*Man Without Qualities*), Herman Broch (*The Death of...
<|im_start|>user How do scientists measure the temperature when trying to get to absolute zero? Wouldn't the act of measuring the temperature produce heat and how do they get accurate enough to measure it to within a billionth of absolute zero?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant At ultra cold scales, you can use indirect ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: When a person gets an organ transplant the body's immune system will reject and attack the organ because of foreign DNA. Why does this not apply to blood transfusions?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant It \*does\* apply to blood transfusions. That's why you need to match the blood type. The blood t...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: What actually is stamina, and why can a person run longer after months of running? Wow this blew up. Thank you for the great submissions and discussions<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant There are many factors to stamina, but the main one is the ability of the lungs and heart, i.e. the cardiovascul...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How have scientists figured out how many colours an animal can see?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant There are two ways of knowing : One is at the microscopical scale by studying cells on the retina, if there are cones we know the animal has some form of color perception, we can study how many ...
<|im_start|>user Why is it problematic that extremely wealthy people have so much money if the economy is not a zero sum game? At least I THINK it’s not a zero sum game.<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant "What causes wealth inequality?" is a positive economic question that can be answered objectively. "How should wealth...
<|im_start|>user [MCU] How did Tony find out Peter Parker's secret identity?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Geographic Profiling. Peter’s heroics are clustered nearby his place of residence which narrows down the list of potential suspects considerably. Even more so considering there are two clusters, his house and Mi...
<|im_start|>user [Star Trek] To what extent would a Starfleet officer in the 2360s be familiar with the exploits of James T. Kirk and his crew from 100 years previously? Would their knowledge be comparable to that of a dedicated "Trekkie" in our world?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant In the U.S. military history is rei...
<|im_start|>user Do race horses consciously compete to win? Do they feel / appear happy when they win and sad / disappointed when they lose? I asked this question a while back on r/AskReddit because at the time I didn't know about r/askscience. There were lots of anecdotes claiming that horses indeed consciously comple...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: What is herd immunity and how does it work?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Viruses and bacteria transmit from person to person. With a large population there will always be some people who cannot get vaccinated for a variety of reasons (such as being immunocompromised following radiation therap...
<|im_start|>user AskScience AMA Series: I'm Michael Abramoff, a physician/scientist, and Principal Investigator of the study that led the FDA to approve the first ever autonomous diagnostic AI, which makes a clinical decision without a human expert. AMA. [Nature Digital Medicine published our study last week, and it is...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: What is camera exposure and why does it make picture look so good?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant The exposure is the amount of light that hits the picture-making part of the camera. Good exposure is important because cameras are not as good at seeing really bright things and really dark things ...
<|im_start|>user is race a social construct?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant There are two common issues that come up in discussion on this. The first is that people think social constructs are simple fictions. They are not. Social constructs are complex ideas that are created by people. Money is a social construct, fo...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: I am 30+ years old and just got told that I have peanut allergies. I grew up eating peanut butter and several other peanut related foods. How can I suddenly acquire such an allergy? A couple of weeks ago I had an allergic reaction while out at a local coffee shop. After getting to a medical facil...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: From a single cell to a human - is every cell's behavior, task, etc all governed by DNA and more importantly, how does DNA interact with the cell to control it?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant So the cool thing about biology is that we're all just "chemistry buckets". We're just a lot of very adv...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why are weeds so easy to grow, but a healthy lawn and plants take actual work? My lawn is all sorts of dry after the PNW heat wave, but the weeds sprouted up like a forest.<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Different plants like different amounts of rain or heat or sunlight or soil composition, and...
<|im_start|>user I believe that a significant portion of military funding in the US should be used instead to fund education. CMV. I guess I could probably write an ELI5 about military spending, because I know next to nothing about it, but I always hear about absurd dollar amounts being thrown into the military. For in...
<|im_start|>user CMV:graphic designers aren't artists, just highly trained computer software users. Was having a conversation with a friend of mine who is getting ready to graduate after one more semester. She is finishing up her internship, and dropped this on me. "I've come to a bit of a depressing conclusion that g...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How do animals know to look humans in the eye? Why do they do it?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Even for animals the basic understanding of what eyes are is important for survival. How do you know if that predator is looking at you, or if the fellow animal of your species feels threatened? How ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why does heat alter our perception and create a "wavy" effect. For example, the area above a strong heater.<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Heat changes the refractive index of air (due to expansion), and as currents and eddies of air pass through a heater – or over a desert – there's an uneven h...
<|im_start|>user As we age, why does it become harder to see in dimly lit rooms? Apologies if this has been answered already. My vision is good for my age, but it is much harder to read menus etc. in dimly lit rooms. I find myself tapping on my iPhone flashlight or holding a menu closer to a candle. Much like I saw ...
<|im_start|>user CMV: Private Businesses Should be Allowed to Discriminate Against Anybody they Want to Earlier today, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the *Masterpiece Cakeshop* in the landmark case *Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission*. I have read pieces of the ruling as well as the dissent, ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How come black people have predominately curly hair? And how come some other races don't? I've never seen an Asian with curly hair for example.<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant For the first humans living in Africa, the curly hair offered distinct evolutionary advantages such as: - protecting th...
<|im_start|>user Eli5: Why do knees have kneecaps, but elbows dont have elbowcaps?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant The kneecap enhances the leverage the quadriceps muscle has on the lower leg by acting as a simple lever on which the quadriceps tendon rides. This allows the quadriceps muscle to perform the powerful move...
<|im_start|>user Thoughts/questions about quitting PhD My apologies in advance for somewhat of a rambling post - I'm a 31/m, have a wife and 2-year old with plans for a second child currently on hold because of financial constraints. I'm currently in the 5th year of a upper mid-tier history PhD program and am juggling ...
<|im_start|>user [Chemistry] When you burn a pan, boiling water with vinegar in it makes it a lot easier to clean up. Why does that happen?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Vinegar is an acetic acid solution. Acetic acid is a weak acid, and vinegar is usually pretty dilute, but even considering that it has a pH of abou...
<|im_start|>user [Numenera] Why are humans completely unchanged from their 21st-century forms? Aside from the occasional abhuman or mutant, humans are exactly the same a billion years in the future from now in both appearance and manner of thinking. Why? That's a long time to go without changing.<|im_end|> <|im_start|...
<|im_start|>user If it’s pretty universally accepted that humans are morally worth more than animals because of our rationality... then how do we get around the idea that more intelligent people are worth more than less intelligent people? What is the relevant difference that makes it ok to kill a cow but not okay to k...
<|im_start|>user When applying to jobs, should I apply to multiple software positions at the same company at the same location, or would I essentially be spamming HR? Trying to figure out what the best method of pursuing a job is right now. Wasn't sure if it would give me any leg up as long as they see that I applied t...
<|im_start|>user CMV: The privilege plus power theory/definition of racism and sexism is a disguised and dangerous political argument It has become popular in recent years to state that racial minorities cannot be racist, and women cannot be sexist, because racism and sexism require not only bias or bigotry, but also t...
<|im_start|>user [Skyrim] Why do farmers have no issue with people stealing their crops?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant They assume you are a noble, and as peasants they are required to give a large percentage of their crop to their Lord's and it is above their station to question when and how the nobility collects th...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: If it's possible for animals to be born with instincts and behaviors (like bees knowing direction using the sun) could there be some advanced civilization somewhere that is born knowing calculus (for example). I was wondering this since I've been thinking about all the animals out there that sort...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: What is a Three Body Problem?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant There are some problems in physics where you can come up with an exact solution or an equation that gives you a whole set of solutions. For example, if you are driving at a constant speed then the distance you have traveled after a gi...
<|im_start|>user Are there crazy caves with no entrance to the surface pocketed all throughout the earth or is the earth pretty solid except for cave systems near the top?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Cave systems can be present deep underground in sedimentary rocks under the right conditions. One way is to have a ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: What about GPU Architecture makes them superior for training neural networks over CPUs? In ML/AI, GPUs are used to train neural networks of various sizes. They are vastly superior to training on CPUs. Why is this?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Imagine you have 1 million math assignments to do, ...
<|im_start|>user What’s job security like for biology phds in government? (Eg working for CDC or NIH) And when I refer to jobs I’m really talking about staff scientist jobs.<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Job security in federal scientific GS jobs is very good. Typically they cannot fire you without cause and you have...
<|im_start|>user CMV: The current US bailouts for all the large companies is unfair to both the US taxpayers, small businesses, and every company that responsibly managed their money in recent years Recently, the US government has given out trillions in bailouts to the airline, retail, hospitality, etc industries. Howe...
<|im_start|>user CMV:Doctors are totally justified to request exams based on patient profile It got me thinking about it after I read the testimony of this black woman from South Africa. She moved to another country and went to the doctor. Although the woman didn't show any related symptoms, the doctor requested her do...
<|im_start|>user How do physical forces, such as gravity, of two objects solve their effects on each other simultaneously? Say we have two objects in space orbiting each other and we want to understand how each object affects the other object. We can calculate the forces at a point in time by freezing the system and us...
<|im_start|>user Is glass cracking consistent? Will the same crack occur under exactly the same conditions? Thought it would be cool to create crack patterns for aesthetical reasons in controlled areas, is this even possible?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant The irregilarities in the glass. (Same with steel) Ive worked ...
<|im_start|>user [Bayverse Transformers] What are the cognitive abilities of a transformer? They're introduced and titled a "super advanced race of alien robots", however it seems like their most significant developments are out of their control (their robot 'biology') or something any sentient race could develop in ti...
<|im_start|>user ELI5:Why, if baby formula is basically just fortified powdered milk, does it "go bad" after 1 hour at room temperature or 24 hours in the fridge when reconstituted powdered milk lasts 5 days in the fridge? Is this all about safety or just a ploy to get parents to buy more formula?<|im_end|> <|im_start|...
<|im_start|>user A communist sent me a link showing that communist nations experienced comparable or superior GDP per capita growth than non-communist nations. What caused this growth? [Here](https://np.reddit.com/r/EnoughCommieSpam/comments/nh3y0r/what_kind_of_logic_is_this/gyy51kt?context=100) is the comment with the...
<|im_start|>user ELI5 - Why does physics break down at extremely high energies I've often heard that trying to model or simulate the first few milliseconds of the universe is near impossible as our understanding of physics break down. Why does physics all of a sudden stop working at such high temperatures?<|im_end|> <|...
<|im_start|>user (WH40k) Why aren't exceptionally tough guardsmen made astartes? I read about guardsmen like stone tooth harker and can't help but think they'd be unstoppable as astartes. It can't be that they're too old as hive city gang members are regularly made astartes. http://warhammer40k.wikia.com/wiki/%27Stonet...
<|im_start|>user AskScience AMA Series: We are the UCLA iGEM team, a group of undergraduate researchers participating in the world's largest synthetic biology competition. Inspired by biological design and motivated by human needs, we are seeking to genetically engineer novel synthetic silks. AUA! **EDIT#2: AND THAT'S ...
<|im_start|>user Is Piketty's 'Capital in the 21st century' comprehensible to non-economists ? I'm an engineering student and I don't know much about economics. I was thinking about reading Piketty's book. How hard would it be for me ?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Generally, yes it is very accessible. In the introdu...
<|im_start|>user I want to give a demonstration speech on philosophy for my class but unsure of topic. Here's one I thought of? Basically for class (not philosophy) we need to give a "demonstration speech" about 10-20 minutes long, showing how to do something. For all the speeches I have done so far, I have done it on ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5:The difference in a single payer health care system vs Obamacare... what makes one better than the other... why does Obamacare fall short?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant A single payer health care system has the government pay for everyone's health care using taxes. It means that the government r...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why doesn't the intensity of the urge to urinate directly corralate with the amount of urine? There have been times when I felt my bladder was about to explode and only a squirt came out.<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Think of a bag which is being filled with water. The amount of water in it di...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why are medical gowns for patients open on the back? Why are they made so your butt shows?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant I think they are made this way because it provides several useful features: \- can be easily and quickly taken off/put on a person who is lying down (in terms of both routin...
<|im_start|>user What is Zizek all about (idealogy-wise) I want to delve into him one day, but I’m curious as to where to start / what kind of arguments he is making<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Slavoj Žižek's work in philosophy intersects Hegelianism, psychoanalysis and Marxism. For an accessible introduction to hi...
<|im_start|>user Can fire occur from a non-oxygenated reaction? Combustion is the reaction of a material with oxygen, right? But the fire is a result of the energy being released from the exothermic reaction. So does that mean that other exothermic reactions can create fire? Or is it just oxygen, and why?<|im_end|> <|i...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How do aircraft/fighter jets know that they are being locked on by an anti aircraft system or by another fighter jet?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant So there are radio receivers on different parts of the plane. These can detect when radar hits them. Different radar systems do things differentl...
<|im_start|>user CMV: Hunting is disturbing and being happy you killed something is disturbing Hey y'all. I'm really honestly looking for someone to shed some light on this for me. My boyfriend has recently gotten into hunting and it bothers me a lot. I've been an animal lover my entire life (yes I eat meat though) and...
<|im_start|>user Passionate about learning but... Hello, I've recently been trying to learn to program in python but I’ve been experiencing this overwhelming feeling of a desire to understand the underlying structure behind everything I’m doing. I want to be able to understand how computers work from the ground up, ho...
<|im_start|>user CMV: The United States government does not owe African-Americans financial reparations. This has been an ongoing topic of debate in this election cycle in the US. To be clear, this post is not to say that I condone what white people have done to African-Americans (and other races) over many years. I ju...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why do our faces look so weird and tired when we wake up? Why do our faces look bloated and eyes all puffy when we first wake up? What's taking place in its tissues to cause this and is there a way to speed up recovery?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant More concentrated blood In different location...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: The difference between 1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree murder and manslaughter How are they any different, and why?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant 1st degree: A murder which is intentional and planned in advance. 2nd degree: Still intentional, but not planned in advance. 3rd degree: Usually referred ...
<|im_start|>user eli5. How do table saws with an auto stop tell the difference between wood and a finger?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant The safety feature detects an electric signal. Human bodies are electrical conductors, so when we touch the blade, we create an electrical circuit. The machine detects this electrica...
<|im_start|>user CMV: Credit limits serve no purpose to college students EDIT: I wasn't clear initially, so I will explain. What I meant by "necessary classes" included classes that aren't directly in your field of study (such as communications or technical writing, for example). These courses have value for obvious ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: What exactly happens when fighter jets "intercept" foreign aircraft approaching their airspace?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant * long range radar detects an unknown aircraft heading towards US airspace * A couple aircraft are sent out to indentify and make contact with the aircraft * The inter...
<|im_start|>user Can someone explain space velocity? Imagine the universe was completely empty except for one planet, if we launched a cannonball from our imaginary planet at its escape velocity, wouldn't it eventually come back because you can never really escape the pull of gravity, it just gets weaker? So wouldn't i...
<|im_start|>user [ELI5] Why do big things move slowly? (Ex: Giant robots or dinosaurs in movies) I always see movies where big animals or creatures are moving slowly and my first thought is always: why aren't they moving as quickly as anything my size would? Does being big automatically make it slow??? Or is this just ...
<|im_start|>user [Harry Potter] Why does the greatest wizard of all time work at a secondary school? Dumbledore, and several other prominent magical figures work at what is essentially a secondary school (Hogwarts). Why does a school have such a central role in the wizarding world?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Presu...
<|im_start|>user Can plants be "fat"? Edit: Oh guys, this is amazing. Thank you all<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant I think there are a few ways this question can be answered. The short answer is "no" but the long answer is "not exactly." Chloroplasts are plant organelles that can undergo dramatic changes as they deve...
<|im_start|>user [Marvel] Why doesn't everyone learn both science and magic like Doctor Doom? How does learning both benefit Doom, like what can he do with one that he can't do with the other?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant the same reason you dont have a phd in medicine, art, history, chemistry and physics, both of ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why is continuum mechanics researched mostly by engineers and mathematicians rather than physicists?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Traditionally it was in physics but the parts of physics associated with it simply drifted into engineering territory. The benefits of fluid flow, turbulence, etc m...
<|im_start|>user Light has waves, and certain types of matter do not interact with certain wavelengths -for instance, glass is transparent. Since gravity has waves, are there types of matter that would not interact with certain gravitational frequencies? Basically, could we make something "invisible" to gravity?<|im_en...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How do fish in fish tanks keep each other entertained? Do they not go insane from being confined?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant It's important to keep fish in the correct size tank, and with the correct number of fish (the rule of thumb is 1" of fish for each gallon of tank). It's also import...
<|im_start|>user ELI5:Why is there a 'Bee' in 'Spelling Bee Competition'? We could simply call it Spelling Competition.<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Historically the word bee has been used to describe a get-together where a specific action is being carried out, like a husking bee, a quilting bee, or an apple bee. It...
<|im_start|>user Eli5: What is an allergy exactly (how does it work) and what determines if you get one or not? Edit: i probably should explain that i have no allergies and because of that i never had a talk with a doctor about it. Edit2: spelling<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant An allergic response is a separate depa...
<|im_start|>user How far can an ant be removed from the anthill and still find its way home? Driving away from a parking spot in a park, I see an ant walking across my windshield. I stop and let it off, but I've already driven 30 feet. Is that ant doomed to death? (I thought most ants leave trails behind them to find t...
<|im_start|>user CMV: using partial bleep censoring/grawlixes, e.g. "sh*t" instead of "shit", where the audience knows the censored word is pointless I'm surprised by how often I see "sh\*t" for "shit" and similar substitutions in contexts where essentially 100% of the audience will be adults (or near enough) and famil...
<|im_start|>user There is no possible world in which the world does not exist. Does that mean that the world necessarily exists?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant If we follow Lewis' conception of necessity and possiblity, then something similar to what you are talking about does follow. According to Lewis, we analyze "...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How does a back draft happen/work in a house fire? I was reading a great web comic by Oatmeal ( http://theoatmeal.com/comics/house ) and came to the startling realization that i really didn't understand how a back draft works / happens. At this point all i do know is that a back draft means "Boom...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How does exercise actually reduce the risk of diabetes? And how does too much sugar in a diet cause a person with no diabetes to get the disease?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Type two diabetes is effectively caused by having a higher than normal blood glucose level for a prolonged period of ti...
<|im_start|>user Why can't a country continously run on deficits in the balance of payment? Please please help me out with this.This is one of my questions from an assessment and im having a hard time understanding why its possible in theory but not practically.<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant It is possible in practic...
<|im_start|>user When healing from a cut or gash (may or may not require stitches), what happens to the damaged blood vessels? Do they reconnect perfectly, are new ones formed, or do damaged veins and capillaries just have a dead end now?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Small blood vessels (capillaries) will be stimula...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why is it it legal for a P.I. to do their job (follow, take photos, rummage through trash etc<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant They are regulated by a branch of the state government. The process and requirements vary by state, usually requires relevant experience but not always, usually involves...
<|im_start|>user How far below the surface of the water does a hurricane disturb the natural state?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Waves have a decaying effect and are essentially noise level at tens of meters depth. The rain changes the composition of the water and that diffuses through the area but even a meter of r...
<|im_start|>user Is there a certain altitude where CO2 is concentrated?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant The lowest ~100 km are very well mixed, so the concentration of most gases (including CO2) doesn't change that much with altitude, you can find it everywhere. Above that heavier gases, including CO2, drop in their co...
<|im_start|>user [Fullmetal Alchemist] If they're literally rearranging atoms to make new things, can't you just make anything out of thin air because there's always oxygen handy?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Alchemy isn't a random piece of magic that lets you convert anything from anything, but is a collection of t...
<|im_start|>user [Harry Potter] What level of sentience do moving pictures have? Why can some talk and others not? Also is there a difference between portraits and photographs?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Portraits take time to create, and because of the care and attention involved, magic infuses with the paint, gi...
<|im_start|>user Is a "luxury" high rise building being built across the street good for my properties value? Ok, so I own a shitty condo in a middle class neighborhood. Couple of weeks ago a developer announced they were making a very nice building in front of my apartment, were there used to be a vacant lot. It feel...
<|im_start|>user Why isn't Hegel included among the names most associated with phenomenology, such as Husserl and Merleau-Ponty among others? Is his Phenomenology of Spirit something completely different from the phenomenology elaborated by those we typically call phenomenologists?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant There...
<|im_start|>user ELI5:There's supposedly safety in numbers. But fish swimming in schools allows predators to just gobble them up easily as they're all concentrated in a tight ball. Wouldn't it be easier for a them to carefully swim the ocean alone, instead of getting corralled and targeted in a feeding frenzy? This has...
<|im_start|>user What does mean sea level mean if you're thousands of miles from the sea? As I understand it, Mean Sea Level is defined by taking the time-averaged effective gravitational potential of the water-air boundary averaged over the world's oceans. Since sea levels are rising globally, we choose some datum and...
<|im_start|>user If we manage to confine air in a space with no perturbation (wind, sudden temperature changes, etc), will the heavier molecules sink to the bottom? Just wondering. Also, if brownian motion keeps the system homogeneous, would a decrease in the temperature of the system decrease it enough to achieve a se...
<|im_start|>user Why do many laymen roll their eyes at philosophy? It seems much of the public see it as an intellectual wank. A pretentious exercise using word games and manipulating language to make grand pronouncements about nature. Why do so many imagine philosophers pondering "is reality real?" and other such nons...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: What happens in our brains when we get sleepy from doing something boring to us versus doing something interesting that will keep us awake for several more hours?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Directed attention fatigue (DAF) is a neurological phenomenon that results from overuse of the brain’s...
<|im_start|>user CMV: Trans sports bans are a solution in search of a problem Various states across the US are pushing new legislation aiming at banning trans kids from participating in sports in schools and colleges. The details of the bills vary, but most of them target the participation of trans kids in one way or a...
<|im_start|>user CMV: We need to acknowledge fanatical maskers in the same way we acknowledge antimaskers The other day I’m at work and the head woman told me someone complained about me wearing my mask under my nose...alone...in the office...which is closed off to the main building by not only a glass window, but a pl...
<|im_start|>user Why do some helicopters have 2 blades whilst others have 4 or 5?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant The greater number of blades in a helicopter enables it to produce more lift, hence heavier helicopters, such as Sikorsky CH-53 has more blades. However, there will be trade offs from having more blades. ...
<|im_start|>user CMV: In light of the recent Supreme Court ruling, the most logical extension of this policy is the eventual legalization of Polygamy and other non-standard marriage arrangements, which will have a negative effect on society as a whole due to the difficulty of defining "marriage" or a "family". To be cl...
<|im_start|>user How exactly does CRISPR-CAS9 insert new genes? I understand the very basics of how CAS9 enzyme cuts off a gene with a guide RNA to help it locate,, but what's still unclear to me is what we do with the DNA breaks • If we let the cells repair it by themselves, will they not just remake the segment we j...
<|im_start|>user CMV: There shouldn't be anything other than the metric system. Posting this because I'm genuinely curious about Imperial systems advocates' POV. The metric system is much more precise, and the breakdown of units makes much more sense. Distance for example: there are 10 millimetres in a centimetre, ...