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<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why do words hurt? I've just been thinking about it, and I'm genuinely curious why people can be so affected by them, is there an actual reason our brains take a nasty insult worse than a punch? And also why some people can easily shrug off insults, where it can completely break others.<|im_end|...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: What is "The Monster" in Group Theory? I've seen a few videos online describing how mysterious "The Monster" is, and how it was even described as "The voice as god" by its discoverers. I don't have any experience with Group Theory or e8 lattices or whatever, this topic sounds cool and I just wa...
<|im_start|>user ELI5 Correlation vs. Causation When looking at statistical data over a period of time, what does “correlation” mean? How is it different from “causation?”<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant In this context, correlation would mean that two things track with each other. If X goes up, so does Y, and if X go...
<|im_start|>user [General Cyber Punk] I am the benevolent president of a Megacorp in a world ruled by similar Megacorps. What can I do to to make the world a better place? Massive corporations rule the world. They are powerful enough to do whatever they want. They regularly commit atrocities and crimes because no one i...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: how does lip balm work? Chapstick, Carmex, whatever. “Medicated lip balm”. It is a moisturizer for lips, and lips only, it says. Other moisturizers say keep away from lips (and eyes, obviously, but lips are specifically named as well). So what’s the story?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Most lip...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How do NASA and other space agencies prevent all the satellites orbiting the earth from crashing into each other? How do we launch rockets without smashing into the satellites?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Here is a simplified explanation. The space agencies (not just NASA) keep a very close ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why do humans take to music so well? Unlike good food, socializing, and so on, I can't really see the immediate biological links between humans and music. Just to clarify, I know some variations have been posted about 2 years ago, but none of the answers really satisfactory. New explanations woul...
<|im_start|>user Do fish get confused when a large current or flood displaces them somewhere far away?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant There are many, many different species of fish and they all behave and react differently. There are territorial fish: Clown fish (of Finding Nemo fame) will go and find an anemone dur...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: when you’re showering and the water suddenly turns icy cold or scalding hot for a few seconds before returning to its previous temperature, what’s happening?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Water temperature in the shower is determined by the mixing of cold water + hot water from the two differen...
<|im_start|>user How?/why?/is? United States Social Security program failing or going bankrupt?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant In order to pay for all of its current liabilities, the social security trust fund must accumulate funds from payroll tax. Currently, the social security trust fund is spending more money tha...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: In survival/apocalyptic movies, people can survive by just eating insects alone. Is this true in real life?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant People eat insects, and they can provide some useful calories and protein. But no human society has survived using insects as a major source of its calories...
<|im_start|>user CMV: Academic exams should either not be timed, or have far less tight time limits. Full disclosure, I may be biased on this topic as I have just been rejected from the university of my choice because my grade in one subject was not high enough, but this is an opinion I have virtually always held. I h...
<|im_start|>user Why don't we use the computer resources for mining cryptocurrencies on useful tasks, instead of hashing In cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin a Block is created by "proof of work", meaning millions(perhaps more) of servers are wasting their resources on solving hashes. What if a Block was instead created...
<|im_start|>user Is there any recorded evidence of ancient Indian philosophers interacting with the pre-Socratic Greek and Italian philosophers? Hi! I am from India and I started reading Anthony Kenny's The New History of Western Philosophy. I am reading about the pre-Socratic philosophers as of now and it seems that a...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Eristothenes measured the circumference of the earth by measuring the shadow of two poles, miles apart, at the exact same time. So how did he know the poles were being measured at exactly the same time in an era when people used the sun for timekeeping?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant By doing it...
<|im_start|>user If quantum entanglement can't be used to transmit information, then how is this experiment (see description for link) possible? Been catching up on some reading, came across [this experiment](http://www.nature.com/news/entangled-photons-make-a-picture-from-a-paradox-1.15781) here. I've been told over a...
<|im_start|>user Why do certain sounds sound appealing and others don't?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Three incomplete explanations: 1. A sound can be appealing because it is associated with a pleasant experience. If you grew up near the ocean, for example, a distant foghorn might be a pleasant sound. 2. As for th...
<|im_start|>user CMV: Different outcomes do not imply discrimination I found out the other day about Disparate Impact in the United States and was kind of concerned. [Here](https://www.investopedia.com/disparate-impact-5114526) defines disparate impact as: \&gt;Disparate impact refers to the result of the application ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Phi, or the Golden Ratio - Why is it so prolific? What about the number makes it so useful? And why do we observe it so often? I know that Phi is the approximate number you get if you divide each term of the fibonacci sequence by the previous one, and I know that the fibonacci sequence as well as...
<|im_start|>user [ATLA] Since Sozin and Roku were born on the same day, what would have happened if Sozin had been the Avatar instead? Would he still start the War? Would it even start sooner? Would he even be allowed to leave for the customary 12-year Avatar training?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant The influence of t...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How does a queen ant come to be? From what I understand, queen ants are usually much larger than other ants in their colonies and they pretty much just sit there and wait for others to bring them food. However what I don't understand is how does an ant become a queen ant? Are some ants just born ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5:. How are we able to learn behavioral traits of species never documented while alive? How are we so certain about dinosaur knowledge when it's based solely on fossils?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant That question is similar to, "how is a forensic team investigating a crime able to know what happe...
<|im_start|>user Eli5: Why do muscles work? Like how does a blob of meat let you be able to move your bones and more<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Muscles are basically bundles of fibers that can contract. A muscle fiber is a long chain of comb like structures that fit into each other, like when you interlock the fin...
<|im_start|>user What makes kosher dill pickles sour if they explicitly do not have added vinegar?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Traditional pickles are made by bacterial fermentation of natural sugars to produce organic acids such as the acetic acid of vinegar. The low pH of the resulting pickles acts as a preserva...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why can’t we build factories to just crank out tons of solar panels? Maybe I’ve been playing too much factorio, but if the main ingredient is silicon it seems like we should be easily able to turn out TW worth of solar panels every year.<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant In the real world there is ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why does a sunburn not hurt for several hours after actually being in the sun too long? Worked out in the yard yesterday in the blistering heat and got a sunburn on my neck. When I came in I knew I must have burned my neck but figured it would take a few hours to know if it was going to hurt or n...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why does dehydration make you think you're hungry, when in reality you need more water?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Pure liquid water is not the only source of hydration, fruits and vegetables can also be sources. During evolutionary history there were plenty of times where the liquid stuff w...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why does the U.S. have a debt ceiling if it just gets raised every few months? Isn't it redundant?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Before 1917 Congress specified the details of financing in every spending bill. A bill authorizing the Navy to spend $10 million on new ships would also specify the ...
<|im_start|>user Eli5. Cold welding. Im a highschool student and ive got welding experience but i just don’t understand how cold welding works like in space and even on earth. What exactly constitutes a cold weld and how is it achieved? (Unintentionally)<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Metal atoms really like to stick ...
<|im_start|>user CMV: If gay and interracial marriage is legal in a state, then polygamous marriage should also be legal in that state. A few things to note before a start: 1. I'm not arguing to the contrary against gay marriage. I am for gay marriage as I am for polygamous marriages. 2. I'm not arguing for forced ma...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: When the U.S. Government says "You can't sell pot" the individual States can decide "Oh yes we can!", but when the Feds say "You must allow gay marriage" why aren't the States aren't allowed to say "No!" I'm pro gay marriage by the way, congratulations everyone!!<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant S...
<|im_start|>user How would you fund consumers in a post-jobs world? Imagine a future where robots and AI have surpassed humans in their ability to perform jobs. They're stronger, more precise, more creative, more empathetic, more flexible - name a skill, and the robot beats the human at it. Let's dodge for the moment t...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Holocaust deniers, how and why do they deny it ?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant For some, the rationalization is that they see some sinister Jewish shadow conspiracy to control the world, and believe that all claims related to the Holocaust are falsified in order to further the aims of that Jewi...
<|im_start|>user Presenting at a Conference for the 1st time... So, I'll be presenting a paper at a conference and as time gets closer, I'm dreading it more and more. I get incredibly anxious with public speaking, and I'm pretty sure my anxiety is not only noticeable, but also distracting. I swear that sometimes it pro...
<|im_start|>user [STAR WARS] Why was everyone in the senate so onboard with Palpatine creating the Galactic Empire?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Increased security measures. Like a standing military that was centralized instead of relying on local militias. Trade practices standardized and preferential treatment of...
<|im_start|>user Is there logic, and has any theory been written around the idea that God, in the context of religion is a scapegoat or rather an excuse for the shortcomings of human behavior? When someone says, for example when a natural disaster occurs and people die that, "God has a plan," rather than, "We should ha...
<|im_start|>user If water conservation is so vital to mammals, why do we pee? Why not transfer toxins into stool and recycle the water? Are there any animals that have evolved to do this? Bizarre thought I had upon waking up that is now bothering me a great deal.<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Safely excreting waste t...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How did primitive humans, with a top speed of 28 mph, hunt large mammals like deer, bears, wolves, etc, that can reach speeds of near 35 - 40 mph?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant 1. Tools: Primitive humans could sharpen a stick to make a throwing spear, and build sharp points from things like fl...
<|im_start|>user Is it wrong to take a walk in the woods, since it's almost inevitable that I will step on an insect? I'm aware that the question is a little ridiculous, but it's been stuck in my head for quite some time, I don't know the answer, and it's draining me. I enjoy taking a hike in the woods, but there's alm...
<|im_start|>user ELI5 - Why are animals much more stronger proportionally to humans.. eg. How are horses capable of running for hours on end and oxen can pull cars like it's nothing How come bears, tigers, even apes are naturally so powerful... And why are humans so weak in comparison<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Di...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Finally need to settle the score, is it the washing machine or the dryer that shrinks my shirts?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Dryer, usually. Think about what happens in each machine, versus how you would do it by hand. When you wash clothes by hand, you put them in water with some laundry soa...
<|im_start|>user What is the origin of spin, from the perspective of quantum field theory?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Spin arises directly from considering quantum mechanics with rotational symmetry, even without introducing field theory. In any quantum theory with a symmetry, you can arrange all states in irreduc...
<|im_start|>user If a person loses their dominant hand, will their other hand ever gain the dexterity of the lost limb? On a related note, if somebody is born without the hand that would otherwise be dominant due to a birth defect, will their remaining hand be clumsier than normal? Does that question even make any sens...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: What makes blood a different "type"? What's the difference between blood in people that means we have different "types" and why are some incompatible?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Our blood contains antibodies and antigens. Different people have different antibodies/antigens. Antibodies attack...
<|im_start|>user Why do manufacturer to consumer direct business models often fail? I work in an industry where manufacturers sell product to wholesale distributor at markup, then distributors sell to retailers, then retailers sell to consumers. The markup from wholesalers to retailers alone is 100%. Why don't manufa...
<|im_start|>user CMV: Either abortion is an act of homicide, or it is morally equivalent to contraception. There are no logical alternatives. To clarify, I'm not arguing that human life begins either at conception or at birth. Rather, my argument is that, for any given abortion, either the fetus is already a human life...
<|im_start|>user In Layman's terms, how do the new RTX graphics cards calculate the path of light rays?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant The maths behind raytracing isn't too complex. You work out where a beam of light hits a surface, and then you work what direction it bounces to etc. The problem is that you have a *lo...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why do different species have different life spans? For example we live to a maximum length of years, yet a giant tortoise can live to like 170 years old? What determines this?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Genetic programming, basically. First, take all other causes of death - accident, preda...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How the United States is operating as a nation while being trillions of dollars in debt<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant That is like asking how do you operate as a person if you have a mortgage? You can operate if you are in debt. Banks from all over the world have lent the US money. Should we ev...
<|im_start|>user The Nobel Prize in Chemistry this year was awarded for super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. How does it work?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Normally, in samples you see a diffuse spread of thousands or millions of fluorescent molecules. You cannot resolve these individually because the light com...
<|im_start|>user My 12 yr old wants to know "what's the difference between hydrocarbons and carbohydrates?" He said "it sounds like the difference between H2O and OH2 that it's just the same thing". I told him that it's the difference between gasoline and bread, but that's really a non answer.<|im_end|> <|im_start|>a...
<|im_start|>user Diversity statements for faculty positions I was wondering if anybody had any tips for writing those. While I am definitely in favor of diversity initiatives, I feel like writing about them can fall a bit flat, and worse yet, sound a bit white-saviory. I have gotten advice before to bring my own ident...
<|im_start|>user ELI5 What is stoicism?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Stoicism is a way of approaching living with the aim of having a positive and tranquil life. It originated in ancient Rome with a philosopher named Seneca, who started a school to teach his approach to life, called Stoicism. The basic idea in sto...
<|im_start|>user Why are most random number generators said to be "pseudo-random" rather than truly random? What is the difference between true randomness and pseudo-randomness? Reading a book on programming they mentioned that the Random function for C# didn't actually produce random numbers, it produced pseudo-random...
<|im_start|>user CMV: Saying that we are in a computer simulation is a meaningless, nonsensical statement From time to time I come across a theory claiming that our universe is a computer simulation. [Here](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation_hypothesis)'s a Wikipedia article about it. I think it's a completely mea...