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<|im_start|>user Why isn't forced copulation the norm in the Animal Kingdom? Wikipedia has a brief section on it, citing several examples of forced copulation but it appears from there that it is not the norm across the Animal kingdom. This seems puzzling to me since it would seem to carry a massive evolutionary benefi...
<|im_start|>user CMV: Bureaucracies suck the life out of their employees, kill creativity and innovation, instill fear of change, and end up becoming self-filling machines with no outer purpose than to prevail and maintain the status quo. I have worked in a large bureaucracy for more than 20 years. I’m a creative and i...
<|im_start|>user What would be the best argument for transgender athletes to be allowed to compete in sports, within the gender-division they identify as? i.e. a trans-woman competing in the female division and a trans-man competing in the male division. &amp;#x200B; Edit: This post is concerned with admission into t...
<|im_start|>user How does the d(x^2-y^2) orbitals not interfere with the px and py orbitals, since they are on the same planes?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant I am unsure what you mean by "interfere". The electrons in the atoms are also all interchangeable. I.e., the wave function is symmetric for the exchange of el...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why do counties in the U.S. gradually get larger the farther west you are? http://i.imgur.com/6Cw5c9b.jpg<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant In the eastern states, county borders follow settlement patterns. The cities and towns were grouped into counties, with each important city getting its own. Ou...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Scientific notation and why it’s necessary Because every science course I’ve taken so far has left me even more confused than ever.<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Scientific notation is used to represent really small or large numbers, or number in cases where how many digits you can be sure are ...
<|im_start|>user What is the evolutionary advantage of primates losing endogenous Vitamin C production? And are there nowadays humans who are able to produce their own Vitamin C? I am wondering because it seems plausible to me that due to illnesses spreading more rapidly in human societies as opposed to hunter gatherer...
<|im_start|>user ELI5 Why once you start a course of antibiotics you have to finish it? I understand it has to do with resistance to antibiotics, but why is it not true that the longer you are on the meds, the more resistant some of the bacteria get?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Every infection has bacteria that hav...
<|im_start|>user What is gauge symmetry? I’ve come across the term a few times in the past few weeks. I don’t quite understand it and I’d like to know more.<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Gauge symmetry is the ability to make a gauge transformation on some physical system, and have the system remain invariant under th...
<|im_start|>user If entropy increases with time in the universe, then how come the stars and the planets have formed? As time progresses, entropy of the universe increases. But the stars and the planets have condensed from the primordial gaseous soup(of high entropy) to a state of low entropy(now). How?<|im_end|> <|im_...
<|im_start|>user Why did philosophy never become as dominant as religion and science? I understand that the lines between these three are often blurred, but even so, it's hard to miss that philosophy isn't as mainstream as religion and science. 84% of the human population identifies with a religion. But if you ask a ra...
<|im_start|>user What should you know coming out of college with a computer science major? I've been in college 2 and half years and I don't really know anything. I can program basic stuff and I'm mainly good at making websites. To be honest I don't really understand any of theories and I can't really program any data ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: What is a major key and a minor key? My musical background is required elementary school recorder-playing music class. I can read basic sheet music ("Every Good Boy Does Fine" and "FACE") and know quarter, half and whole notes. And what a treble and bass clef are and that the treble clef indicat...
<|im_start|>user If time dilation increases exponentially as an object approaches a black hole's event horizon, how does anything ever reach the singularity? I've read that time dilation tends toward infinite as an object approaches the event horizon of a black hole. Time passes normally for the object itself, but to a...
<|im_start|>user CMV: Math after a middle school level (In high school U.S) isn't helpful for most students I'm a student and I am not that bad at math actually. Ive never failed a course and have a B- avg. I just don't like how some students flounder in school and in their future because they aren't/wearnt good at ma...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: without ever looking in a mirror, how do animals know what species they belong to and not mistake themselves as for another one?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant It depends on the animal. More complex creatures like mammals and birds learn it. Birds imprint on the creature that raises them. Mam...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Is a fruit or vegetable 'Ripe' when humans deem it fit for consumption, or is it a biological state for the plant?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant We eat most fruits when they're biologically ripe. We eat most vegetables early. Broccoli and cauliflower we eat the unopened buds of their flowers; c...
<|im_start|>user If we built a more powerful telescope, could we eventually see the Big Bang? I know the Hubble can see into deep space, where we can already see these blurred formations at it's farthest reach. Would it be possible, with a powerful enough telescope, to see far enough back in time and space and prove th...
<|im_start|>user Why are Saturns rings all on the same plane?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant You'll find that the answer to this question is similar to the answers you'll receive for questions like "Why do all the planets orbit in the same plane?" Planetary rings fundamentally follow the same principles and the conseq...
<|im_start|>user Is it worth taking a formal education? My question is pretty straightforward... Is it worth taking a formal education in philosophy? I have done my bachelor's in computer engineering but was very much interested in philosophy from very young. My family don't approve of any field other than science as ...
<|im_start|>user What purpose does inflammation serve in immune response<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Inflammation does many different things. On the one hand, it directly drives anti-pathogen measures. On the other, it is the connector between innate immunity and adaptive. Both aspects are about equally important. ...
<|im_start|>user CMV: Disability wage gap is a more serious and less mentioned topic than gender wage gap. Disclaimer: I am not downplaying the importance of gender wage gap, I am merely stating that disability wage gap seems to be more serious --- if anything intersectionality would imply that different sorts of ident...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How is it that some people are born with natural talents for things and others must learn them? Some people are born with the ability to draw well or pick up musical instruments, while others must spend double the hours of practice to learn them. Why/how does this happen?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>as...
<|im_start|>user ELI5:How does aging meats and things like cheese work and not just make them rot and gross?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant The facilities used for aging meat are kept at very certain temperatures, humidities and so forth to discourage the growth of unwanted cultures, bacterias, molds while optimizing ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why does it matter which way your ceiling fan is spinning? Is pushing the air down from the ceiling really actually different than pulling the air up from the floor? I think I'm supposed to switch the direction of my ceiling fans, but I really can't see how that really matters - isn't it basicall...
<|im_start|>user CMV: Being great at Chess doesn't make you a genius or an amazing strategist in other pursuits. There has long been this sense of awe over the board game Chess. This idea where succeeding at the game is proof that a person has a really high IQ and that people like coaches and military generals could be...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: From a cryptography POV, why were the Navajo code talkers so difficult to decipher? I had always just believed it was because they were isolated, but I'd been thinking about it lately and that just doesn't hold up. Can someone familiar with code breaking and encryption help me understand why the...
<|im_start|>user CMV: There's no good argument for gay marriage that doesn't also include polyamourous marriage. From the opening remarks at the Supreme Court today: *Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court: The intimate and committed relationships of same­sex couples, just like those of heterosexual couple...
<|im_start|>user How do foreign parasites (like tape worms) block the body's immune system from registering it as a foreign object and why can't we mimic it for medical purposes?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant There are as many ways to block the host immune response as there are parasites. Actually, there are more. ...
<|im_start|>user [WH40k] Who actually matters? Which of the factions / gods / demons actually matter in the grim darkness of the far future? The WH40k universe is fairly static but who would prevail looking at a FFW version of the next 10,000 years? (And who would matter if we removed the Tyranids?)<|im_end|> <|im_star...
<|im_start|>user How does being a soldier effect criminals? I was wondering if there have been any studies about criminals that have gone to war. At the moment the media in Denmark is in an uproar, because gang members are going to Syria, to join the civil war. The media seems to believe that it will escalate their ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5 how did water appear in Earth and how did we end up with such vast amount of it?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Water is Hydrogen + Oxygen, two of the most abundant things on Earth. Much of the Earths crust is made up of Oxygen, bonded to other things like Iron to make minerals. Since a lot of ...
<|im_start|>user [STAR-WARS] What is Civilian life under the Galactic Empire like? What are the opinions of the average Imperial Citizen? In the Star Wars franchise, we see plenty of the Empire, we see it's Twin Ion-Engine Fighters, It's DS-01 and 02 Battle Stations, it's Star Destroyers, and it's countless Stormtroope...
<|im_start|>user How do mRNA vaccines work? What I read about mRNA vaccines says that they program your cells to produce antigens. This sounds horrifying, but I'll admit there's a lot I don't understand, and my background isn't in biology. Is this just a temporary change or will the cells be producing antigens for the ...
<|im_start|>user In the DSM, what marks mental illness as a spectrum (Aspergers, etc. changing to Autism Spectrum Disorder) compared to a mental illness classified in distinct categories (ADHD, Inattentive and Impulsive)? Likewise, how are mental illness seperated when there’s overlap in symptoms and comorbidities? I’v...
<|im_start|>user How does the immune system work outside the bloodstream? I know we have white blood cells and other immune cells floating around in our bloodstream that attack pathogens, but how do our bodies fight infections that occur outside the blood vessels?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Cells from the immune s...
<|im_start|>user If electrons behave as waves when they’re not observed and behave as particles when observed at microscopic scale, how can they behave as waves observed at eye scale? (Young experiment)<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant The concepts of particles and waves evolved in classical physics, however as quantum ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why doesn't Ticketmaster have any real competition and why isn't it considered an illegal monopoly?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Ticketmaster has the name recognition to reach many ticket-buyers, and the computer systems to handle many, many ticket orders at once. Because of this, promoters of...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How has acting (especially in movies) changed over the last 50 or so years? There is a noticeable difference between the acting style in classic and modern cinema. I can't quite put my finger on what it is, but it seems obvious enough that most people would be aware of it. What changed? Was t...
<|im_start|>user I believe that, besides basic biological differences, such as reproduction, there isn't really any need for a gender definitions such as 'Masculinity/Femininity' CMV To be more specific, I understand why we would need to list other human beings as 'Male' and 'Female' when it comes to reproduction, or a...
<|im_start|>user How long can bacteria survive on everyday household items without nutrients and water?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Depends on the strain and species. If it's a spore forming bacteria, it can survive for almost forever. Normal households won't be free of water or nutrients, as there are naturally ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5 “ What is happening when your eyes get heavy from lack of sleep “?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Muscles you use the most tend to get tired first, like for example, if you walk all day your legs will become fatigued. This also applies to the muscles around your eyes - your ocular and brow muscl...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How is it that very complex 10-hour seasons of TV shows can be produced in a year's time, yet 2-hour movies so often take years to produce?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant A lot of it is setup that takes place before any production begins - hiring people, finding actors, locations, etc. A tv show...
<|im_start|>user If I have two identical rare earth magnets and put them together, is the power of the combined magnets doubled? What about 3 or 4 magnets (tripled? quadrupled?)?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant yep : magnetic field oriented in the same direction adds their individual effects. it appears clearly if you ...
<|im_start|>user can we perceive without interpreting?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Jacob Bronowsky discusses this a bit in *The Origins of Knowledge and Interpretation*. The illustration he gives is the way that the eye converts light into the electrical signals that transmit it to the brain where it's reconstructe...
<|im_start|>user CMV: Professors who can't teach shouldn't be able to teach to begin with I understand that colleges also function as a research institution, but they arguably function as a center of learning first and foremost. Professors are getting paid, on average, 70k/year according to Glassdoor. That isn't necess...
<|im_start|>user Losing my logins and access to my institution’s library which means I can’t access any literature without paywalls after I graduate. Besides SciHub, are there any ways to gain access to academic/medical literature that don’t require a paywall? Maybe a public library somehow? Thank you<|im_end|> <|im_st...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How do they make white gold? Can it be melted down and reused like yellow gold? I've been wearing a white gold chain for a few years without taking it off, it's a part of me. I got to thinking about the differences between yellow and white gold, and if per ounce they are worth the same.<|im_end|>...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why does the military still use bolt/pump action weaponry? I don't know a whole lot about firearms, but wouldn't it be beneficial to use something that is semi-automatic rather than bolt/pump operated?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant They use the right tool for the right situation. Regular infant...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How do DNA or cells grow a body? If all DNA or cells are "identical" then how to they know to grow a lung or a brain at the right time? I have very limited knowledge of DNA and/or cells, and this question came from my father in law. I tried googling it but everything came up extremely convulated...
<|im_start|>user Student asking for a job reference on IG? I had a former student reach out to me on Instagram for a reference for a job (consent to provide my contact info to the position, not a letter of reference). I taught this student in two labs, and I have a good idea of their work ethic and skills. If they ha...
<|im_start|>user What happens if we shoot an antiproton at a heavy element atom? Would we create an atom of the element below it in the periodic table or would the energy of the annihilation be enough to blow the nucleus into smaller bits?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant There are a lot of possible outcomes, depending ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why does paper product (paper towels, napkins, etc.) become transparent when wet?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Imagine you are at a restaurant with a self-serve soda dispenser and a clear glass cup. First, you fill the glass with that finely-crushed ice they have at soda dispensers. Now loo...
<|im_start|>user Eli5: why are red, green and blue used to "create" other colors? Why these specific colors?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant You might have heard about cones and rods. These are cells in our eyes that send signals to the brain when light is shined on them. Rods respond to most visible light and is respo...
<|im_start|>user CMV: If universities expect students to show how unique they are, they too should try and show students what makes them stand out. I'm a senior, and I've been basically just been applying to universities past school year. Nearly every university that I've applied to expects me to show them how unique I...
<|im_start|>user [Pokemon] Who pays for all the Poke-Healthcare? Why is direct care free everywhere but medicine is so expensive?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Free health care comes because of the invention of the Poke-Healing Station, which allows for quick and easy healing of pokemon at a fixed location. This was ...
<|im_start|>user Can someone tell me why propositional logic is important and why Aristotelians and the Stoics spent so much time on it? I have started reading Anthony Kenny’s A new History Of Western Philosophy, and am still getting the grasp of philosophy itself, and some of the disciplines of it I do not understand ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5 why "no excercise = tiredness" but "excercising = energy"<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Simply put, the more active you are the more mitochondria your body produces. It's like a domino effect. The more you exercise, the body makes more mitochondria to make more energy. Just reply if you need a m...
<|im_start|>user What happens, on a molecular level, that leads to paper becoming soft after applying water to it?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Paper consists (mostly) of cellulose fibers, i.e. a polymer of glucose molecules. These glucose molecules have free hydroxyl groups, which can form hydrogen bonds to other m...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Do men’s and women’s hygiene products (shave gel, lotion, face wash) actually do different things for men or women, or is it a marketing thing?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Most of the ingredients are the same, though some manufacturers claim that their gendered products are tailored more towa...
<|im_start|>user ELI5, What does "The medium is the message" mean ? Apparently a quote from [Marshall McLuhan](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_McLuhan), that I remember from the Canadian Heritage thingy I'm not sure I really get it and since the internet didn't exist back when that guy said that what does it m...
<|im_start|>user Is it possible to create a language that is faster than the language it is written in?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Depending on your definition of "create a language", yes. If you make a compiler in a very slow, interpreted language (say python), the result will probably be a lot faster than the la...
<|im_start|>user [The Man in the High Castle] Why is the I Ching such a big thing in Japan-ruled America? The I Ching is a Chinese work, not a Japanese work, and as far as I can tell, it never got hugely big in Japan, not even during Imperial Japan. Also, I'm pretty sure it was the Sino-Japanese War that helped kick of...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why do public universities charge application fees?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Two things. First, someone has to be paid look over the applications. Second, it encourages only those with interest in the school to actually apply. If there was no application fee, they would likely see a much l...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why do dogs live a shorter life than humans?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Let's say that a species is being successful if it can continually create viable offspring and replace it's individual organisms at least as fast as they are dying. There's multiple paths to this in terms of reproducti...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why do we find people's misfortunes like tripping and falling funny?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Research has shown that the brain releases small amount of pleasing chemicals when a human sees something that fits their expectations. However, the brain releases even more pleasing chemicals whe...
<|im_start|>user Would it be difficult to create computer vision that could distinguish between an open and closed soda can? Hello. I am quite new to computer vision, but am planning on taking on a fairly ambitious project this summer. I am willing to put all of my time an effort in and am ready to learn, but I just wa...
<|im_start|>user [Marvel] Who did the Watcher make his oath to? The Watcher swore an oath to only observe, never to intervene. But who did he swear it to? Does the Watcher have a boss who comes by and checks to make sure that he's only watching? Uatu seems to look for loopholes in the "just watching" oath all the time,...
<|im_start|>user CMV: Kids that behave should be rewarded more than kids that misbehave In middle school and even in highschool, there were always times where the students that were generally the rowdy or misbehaving type were rewarded for times when they would be on good behavior for a while. Often it would be candy o...
<|im_start|>user Are 1st and 2nd year PhD students usually expected to teach? Is being younger than the students you are teaching weird? Hello, I am currently an undergrad math student. I will be graduating with my bachelors at the age of 19 and will go for my PhD after that. Would the fact that I would still be 19 ma...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why does bathroom sink water seem to taste different than kitchen sink water?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Measure the temperature difference of the first 20 seconds of water. That can make a huge difference to taste. Ground water is often cooler than the extra house piping needed to reach the...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why do humans seek familiarity like staying in the same house or bed but get bored of performing the same task over and over? I think it contradicts how the mind works<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant As just stated, Safety is first, so comfort and familiar environment can last a long time until t...
<|im_start|>user I have little respect for anyone who smokes weed every day. CMV edit: I think my view has been changed... I still think there's a problem with anyone who relies on the drug, but I also realise this is the same as alcohol. There are people who do, and it is a problem. But because you smoke every day doe...
<|im_start|>user why is momentum conserved but not kinetic energy? and how's it reflected in their respective definitions: when i look at mv and 1/2mv squared i don't see something obvious except that i guess the latter can't be negative? anyway, just curious about this since taking physics forever ago.<|im_end|> <|im_...
<|im_start|>user What if persons, seen as mentally ill, are in fact perceiving the "real reality"? Because mental health is determined by how the majority of people "is". But what if the mentally ill minority, are those experiencing reality?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Partly the answer will depend on what "mentall...
<|im_start|>user ELI5 why does fiber cause gas?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Fiber refers to carbohydrates, such as cellulose, that aren't digestible by humans, and pass through the digestive tract relatively unaffected, at least on a molecular level. This contributes to fullness / satiety, and it helps make sure t...
<|im_start|>user Why don't they make 3D printers like such?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant First, you have a potentially good and profitable idea...keep that in mind. 3D printing is very useful, but not applicable everywhere, because of inherent advantages and disadvantages. It's very useful, for instance, when a on...
<|im_start|>user [ELI5] How do scientists figure out how much protein, carbs, vitamins, etc. are in a food? Do they just test the food directly, or do they test your blood afterwards to see how much you've changed from a baseline? How about vitamin pills-- do they ever do a blood test to determine how much of the vita...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: What is abstraction in computer science?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Computers do lots of really complex things, right? In order to make them simple for people to understand and work with, we provide *abstractions* of them. Let's say we want to have a linked list of numbers. You could, eve...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why is violence, murder and death so widely accepted in movies/TV/Video games, while sex and nudity is considered taboo?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant That's mainly in puritan societies that are heavily influenced by religious entities. In many European movies nudity is not such a taboo. Viol...
<|im_start|>user Correlations With Wealth? I'm looking for statistics on things that correlate with wealth. Even [spurious correlations](http://tylervigen.com/spurious-correlations) will do, not just things that might imply causation. Any help would be appreciated.<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant There are plenty of ed...
<|im_start|>user How is biometric authentication not practically the same as using the same password for everything? Sure it is a good password so it can't practically be guessed, but in the event of a database leak with all our fingerprints they are no longer secure and can no longer be used, ever really.<|im_end|> <|...
<|im_start|>user New to Econ, is socialism rejected by mainstream economics? Like the title says, I just started looking into to Econ for the first time and I was curious: as socialist economics are described as heterodox, does that mean that mainstream academic consensus is that socialist economics don’t work? I under...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How does the human body suddenly become allergic to a certain type of food, after years of eating it without any problems? A relative of mine used to eat shrimps, crabs etc. almost weekly for years. Now he's suddenly allergic to that type of food and can't eat anything related to that without suf...
<|im_start|>user What gives rise to the right-hand rule in electric currents? Why does the magnetic field wrap clockwise around a traveling electron?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant I wrote this in response to a similar question a week ago: &gt;A magnetic field is not really a vector, like the electric field, it's rea...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: What is happening when our eyes "glaze" over?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Check out Brain Games on Netflix, it has a lot of info on these types of things. Your brain uses 30% of its energy processing vision. When your eyes gloss over, your brain has realized what you are looking at isn't nee...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: What EXACTLY is a 403 (b) I am being offered a retirement plan for the first time ever in my working life. I know it would be a good thing to do but I have zero idea how it all actually works. What happens to the money after I put it in? How and when do I get it out? What happens if I switch jobs...
<|im_start|>user ELI5:How did two different forms of genitalia evolve? What is the advantage of having males and females? I've always wondered how two things so complicated were created to work together and what advantage there is to prevent the organism from mating with half the population?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assis...
<|im_start|>user CMV: The European Union needs to be deeper. Not wider. The citizenry of the European Union would be better served by EU institutions that were: 1. More active 2. More democratically accountable. We can see how this played out during the economic crisis, for example. And also in terms of the defense ...
<|im_start|>user [Superhero powers] What would be a good defensive/support powerset that isn't a waste? I write for therapeutic therapy, so I'm not that good, but I have a group of heroes with powers and I don't want to give all of them strong offensive powers. Out of a group of 5, two have a strong offensive set, one...
<|im_start|>user [Harry Potter] What are the Room of Requirement's limitations? The room was able to add a route out of the castle and in to hogsmeade for Neville Longbottom and co, so what if I walked pasted to with a desperate need to get to somewhere in Spain? How big can it get, what are the limits to what it can ...
<|im_start|>user How do genetics show invasion took place in history? Quite often I see genetic changes in populations viewed as invasion etc Can you differentiate using genetics between a population that is undergoing invasion compared to say becoming multi-ethnic/cultural? Or is more than genetic evidence require...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why is there such a clear average difference in the type of jobs Middle Eastern immigrants tend to go for vs Mexican? (i.e: Taxi Driving vs Landscaping)<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Imagine that you're an immigrant in a new country. You don't have any close friends or family there, and other t...
<|im_start|>user If the sun converts hydrogen to helium where does it get the neutrons to do so? I'm a pretty sciency guy but my 12 year old daughter has stumped me with a few question. If the sun starts out as a dense ball of hydrogen (one proton and one electron) and uses nuclear fusion to convert it into helium (2...
<|im_start|>user What makes a gene dominant or recessive? What is the difference between a dominant or recessive gene? I know that dominant genes prevail over recessive ones and this is also the stuff I find on the internet. But I can't find an explanation of what makes a specific gene prevail over other ones in the fi...
<|im_start|>user [Skyrim] Who are the hostile mages that hide out in caves and fortresses? Are they just bandits using magic? [People like these dudes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O2qDZJVzRxQ).<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Typically they're doing research that respectable institutions won't tolerate for ethical ...
<|im_start|>user What is the exact relation between mass and electromagnetic charge in the scope of modern QFT? Years ago I actually had several courses on GR and QFT (alas I forget most of it over the years) but why is it that all electromagnetically charged particles are massive. Is this a direct consequence of the s...
<|im_start|>user Does it hurt to have publications outside of your field of study? I am a recent graduate working as a research assistant under two PIs. One (PI A) works in my field of study, the other (PI B) does not. By the end of my tenure here I should have two or more papers out under PI A, but I also may have one...
<|im_start|>user How do fish in the ocean not get dehydrated? Humans can't drink salt water because it has so much salt right? So how do fish stay hydrated if they never access to fresh water?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant First, some background. Water flows from areas where there's not much dissolved (low salinity)...
<|im_start|>user I think weight loss is more complex than calories in, calories out. CMV I think it comes down to the kind of food you eat and how much of it you eat. Sam Feltham ate over 5,000 calories per day for 21 days. His diet consisted of eggs, fish, meat, nuts and green vegetables. After calculating his BMR he...