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<|im_start|>user What was the very first post-Newton experiment that hinted the universe wasn't as it seemed? I suppose that Special Relativity was the big point where physics took a sharp turn away from Newtonian physics. But what was the very first precursor observation that suggested that the universe wasn't really ...
<|im_start|>user If Blue, Red and Yellow are the primary colors then why are Blue, Red and Green (RBG) used for generating colors in computer programs? I really tried to google this, but I didn't see clear explanations on the difference. If I google RBG then I find posts which call these the primary additive colors, wi...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: The Tribal sovreignty/Indian reservation system in the US Hi everyone. As a Brit this has always confused me somewhat. How does the Tribal sovreignty system work in the US. Adding to that, how does one prove that they're Native American to be able to claim such rights. Is there a certain % DNA ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why do humans like to watch other humans dance?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant One theory is that dancing is a way to demonstrate bodily symmetry. Symmetry is one of the main criteria we use in determining beauty, as it can be a decent indicator of good genes and good nutrition, both desirable i...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: In weightlifting, why is it, that the relation weight/repetitions is not even close to proportional? So I have been doing semi-competitive weightlifting since I was 16, but it just now occured to me, that the relation between the weight on the bar and the amount of reps, that one can do with that...
<|im_start|>user [Magic School Bus] Is there a strong educational benefit to risking the lives of ones students in order to give them practical examples of random bits of trivia? I'm a state Inspector and having observed Miss. Frizzle and her class shrink down and enter a sink to discover where municipal water goes doe...
<|im_start|>user Is there any herbal medicine that has clinical evidence about its efficacy ?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Modern medicine is often based in remedies found in nature. Aspirin is famously derived from the bark of the willow tree, ginger has excellent anti-nausea properties, vitamin c found in citrus f...
<|im_start|>user What are the most reputable books about art's role in society, especially in affecting social change, promoting humanist ethics, and help people cope with existence?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant John Berger's *Ways of Seeing* explores how paintings reflect their age of origin, and how the way we see...
<|im_start|>user ELI5:What’s the purpose of long words which have short, simple equivalents?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant In English, words do not need to have purposes. You cannot take a word to court and have it banished for shiftlessness and vagrancy. However, writers can have a purpose for using particular wor...
<|im_start|>user [Star Trek] Assuming that it remains a thing, could other Federation species compete in the Olympics? What about foreign species like Klingons?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Just as male and female humans are good at different things, all the different species are good at different things. Human men ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Dark Matter What is it? I understand that current believe is that most matter in the universe is dark matter and only about 4.6% of matter consists of atoms(quick wikipedia lookup). However nowhere do I see explained what dark matter actually is. I see theories about it's existence but still, wha...
<|im_start|>user Why am I conscious and aware? If I am a simply a product of evolution and time. Why am I aware and conscious at all? For example, the universe existed when I wasn't conscious, so why did i suddenly go into existence? Why can't there just be a MaxCL, but my current consciousness didn't exist. Like all o...
<|im_start|>user ELI5:How were battles in wars 'organised'? My guess is that leaders would message one another saying "we are fighting, meet here at this time" or whatever. So how did it happen?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Leaders didn't coordinate to decide when to fight each other. In most wars, both parties have...
<|im_start|>user Ethics: Would you save a person's life or a museum? Hello folks, Just heard the sad news that [Brazil's National Museum caught fire tonight](https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-45392668). It could have been the Louvre, the British or the Metropolitan. That made me wonder.... In the hypot...
<|im_start|>user How can you exclude results from the methods section when some of the early results are needed to understand subsequent methods? Basically it seems hard to separate them when your workflow followed a particular route. Specifically: I tried X (a method) out, Y (a result) was what I found, based on this ...
<|im_start|>user CMV: Being Pro-Gun and Pro-Gun Control is actually the smartest and most realistic view. To start I live in California, and I tend to think I am ideologically liberal and fiscally conservative. I love gun's and think you should be able to own a semi or fully automatic rifle of what every caliber you l...
<|im_start|>user Eli5: Why does the area of insect bites turn warm and hard?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant When your body detects injury it widens the tiny blood vessels around the injured area to let in infection fighting/body repairing cells. These additional cells causes heat, hardness because of the increased p...
<|im_start|>user CMV: Harry Potter has an awful magic system which severely weakens the plot **READ THIS** ~~Hey folks this is a really cool conversation, I am enjoying hearing your points of view! But I have to go to bed now, shit's late. I will pick up on replying to more of these and continuing this sometime tomorr...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How did the * become the symbol put after a word that has been corrected in a typo?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Asterix denote footnotes* which add clarification to something already said. You're supposed to have the * before the correction, and that was originally fairly common, although for...
<|im_start|>user Need help with academia lingo New PhD here. I've been a nurse in the clinical setting for 8 years and as I start looking at getting into academia I realize I am somewhat ignorant on terminology. What exactly does adjunct mean? Is that the same as part-time faculty? I know the basics about tenure vs. no...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: What is preventing blue states from enacting single-payer/universal healthcare?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Most US states have constitutions that would permit this, or at least have a mechanism for amending their state constitution to permit this. What's preventing it is lack of desire to r...
<|im_start|>user Why does wood not decay/rot and stay strong, when other natural plant/animal matter rapidly decays?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Wood can decay and weaken, depending on the environmental conditions. One thing that ruins wood quickly is constant humidity and temperature changes. Ever seen an old fe...
<|im_start|>user ELI5 what is a country's economy, and how or when does it collapse?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant The economy is the sum total of all goods produced, bought, and sold within a country. It is typically measured using an index called the "Gross Domestic Product," which is the total value of goods sold ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why can we see better in the dark with our peripheral vision?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Our eyes have two types of receptors in them that interpret visible light into what you see, called rods and cones. They are spread over the retina, the inner back surface of the eyeball, but they are no...
<|im_start|>user Is it a bad time to be in higher education? There are obviously a million personal factors that go into deciding to get a undergrad/master’s degree, but from a broad economic standpoint, is it bad to enter higher education in the US right now? If we are entering a recession (as a layman, idk if we are)...
<|im_start|>user CMV: It should be illegal for US Senators or Congressmembers to hire a tax accocuntant or tax attorney to do their taxes. These people are responsible for writing the tax law in the first place. That's an important part of thier jobs. If they can't do it without help then either, 1) they aren't compet...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How are humans so much more energy efficient than robots? A human can eat two 1000 calorie meals (around 2 KWh) and then move around all day and run its brain and all other systems. A robot needs a lot more energy to perform the same tasks even if it's plugged in and doesn't need to carry a batte...
<|im_start|>user CMV: Secular values and ideals, not Christian ones, are to credit for American exceptionalism and the success of "the West" more broadly. Conservative pundits like Stephen Crowder, Ben Shapiro, and Denis Prager claim that what makes America, and "the West" more broadly, great are Judeo-Christian values...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why does squinting help you see better when you don't have your glasses on, but doesn't overcorrect when you do? From a previous ELI5, I know that squinting helps you see better because you flex your cornea which helps bend the light to get a better focal point, but shouldn't squinting when you h...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why do the clocks on all my devices fall out of sync? Had a power cut three months ago. Set my oven, my microwave and alarm clock to match the time on my phone. After setting them they would have all been within 1 minute of each other roughly. Three months on, at the time of writing this, my pho...
<|im_start|>user I don't understand: "Explain why a computer cannot solve a problem for which there is no solution outside the computer" I've been trying this phrase: Explain why a computer cannot solve a problem for which there is no solution outside the computer. It's an assignment by my prof, but I can't even begin...
<|im_start|>user Did Immanuel Kant Consider Women and African Races As Irrational ? Rationality is a pretty common theme in Kantian ethics however my question is according to Kant's defination what exactly counts are being rational ? What makes a person rational ? Secondly my question is that did Kant consider women a...
<|im_start|>user eli5: why does glass absorb infrared and ultraviolet light, but not visible light?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant It has to do with how light interacts with matter. To absorb light, you need to have things work just right. You may have heard that light is quantized, what this means is that it only g...
<|im_start|>user What do we really get out of water? I was just thinking about it, and realized I don't know what exactly we get from water. That is, I can see cells taking the bits of H2O and putting it somewhere wherever water needs to be, but I have no detailed concept of what our body does with it. Can someone expl...
<|im_start|>user Starting a research group after achieving financial independence I have a Ph.D. in Computer Science, graduated in 2012 from a U.S. institution. I've been working in the tech industry in machine learning and doing well, so I expect in the not so far-off future to achieve my "FIRE" goals and be able to l...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: What is happening to your eyes (&amp; brain) when you are thinking about something &amp; you stare into the distance, seemingly oblivious to what is happening in front of your eyes? I don't know if I'm explaining this properly. I'm talking about when you're thinking about something really inte...
<|im_start|>user CMV: It is offensive to call descendants of slaves African American and is better to call them black My argument basically hinges around the fact that A. calling black people African American subtly makes them seem less American (they are not). B. White people are simply called white (people genera...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why has no one crossed a dandelion with a carrot or parsnip, thus creating a nutritious vegetable that grows wild as a weed?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant A few things. First, dandelions *are* nutritious vegetables that you can eat lots of ways. Second, a weed is just any unwanted plant - they...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why is it that when you cut a small part of plastic it makes tearing much easier?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Making a cut produces a focus point that will have to absorb all of your applied stress, rather than spreading it more evenly across the entire surface. The plastic is strong enough ...
<|im_start|>user From what I understand, we have only discovered a tiny fraction of the species on earth. Is life so diverse that I may have species that are unique to a 10 acre plot of land? Maybe just wishful thinking on my part, it would be pretty neat if there were species that evolved into something new while on o...
<|im_start|>user CMV: nepotism is fine outside of government and publicly traded corporations the reason why nepotism is bad inside government and publicly traded corporations is that the person who gets the job is rarely, if ever, the best person for the job. when a person is appointed to a position of authority and c...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: what's up with the specific jargon and dialect of airline employees? Flight attendants have the most unusual cadence, and they all seem to talk the same way. "Ladies AND gentlemen, welcome TO Atlanta where the local time IS 4:45pm." They always seem to stress and emphasize the least important ...
<|im_start|>user What are the differences between Quantum Mechanics and Classical Mechanics, and how and why do they manifest? The equation x̂(t) = x̂(0) + p̂(0) t/m is arrived at after applying the commutator value \[x̂, p̂\] = iħ to the Heisenberg Equation of Motion for position of a free mass which says dx̂/dt = ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: how do LED grow lights replicate the sun when growing plants . how does photosynthesis and respiration happen?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Photosynthesis is just a chemical reaction (or more accurately, a super complicated chain of chemical reactions) that get activated when certain chemicals...
<|im_start|>user Angler fish lure their prey using light emitting bacteria, but why would the prey which spends its entire life in total darkness of the ocean depths be even lured to such an obvious trap? Do only "lost" living organisms from the upper layers get tricked like that?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Biolum...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why are there so many great Eastern European Boxers, strongmen, and and mixed martial artists?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Different cultures place different emphasis on different sports. In Eastern Europe, the strongman/strongwoman sports are much more revered than they are in other places. ...
<|im_start|>user Going to College and im looking at majoring in Computer science and i have a few questions. 1. What is the difference between computer science and software engineering i looked around google and couldnt find a consistent answer. 2. Is getting a masters worth it? 3. Where are some of the best places to ...
<|im_start|>user Is it better to be a jack of all trades but a master to none in CS? I've always been curious because whenever anybody looks up how long it takes to learn a certain language, skill, or whatever, the answers from professionals is always "A couple hours to a few months to learn the basics, but a lifetime ...
<|im_start|>user Is it feasible to understand the entirety of Firefox's source code? Hi, I'm a programming noob, and I was wondering about this: Programming is very specific nowadays, and a modern web browser such as Firefox (or Chromium, for that matter) has thousands of developers working on it. Moreover, the people ...
<|im_start|>user CMV: Immigration is more beneficial to the US than it is harmful EDIT: I’m not gonna lie. This was research for my school project The US is a large country and can support plenty of people. The American dream is a haven for those who need to run from persecution, especially those in Central America ...
<|im_start|>user Why do we still teach Bohr's model in school? If we know that Niels Bohr's atomic theory (orbitals) is incorrect, why do we still teach it in schools?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Good question, I'd guess because its easy to understand and is functional unless you go into chemistry or physics. It w...
<|im_start|>user [Harry Potter] Is there seriously a spell designed solely and exclusively to transform animals into water goblets? (Vera Verto) What would the possible practical use of such a spell? Why teach it to kids? Ok, I get it, kids need to practice, but are y'all claiming that the sole purpose of this spell is...
<|im_start|>user The imaginary unit "i" satisfies i^2 = -1, are there any other numbers invented to satisfy otherwise impossible criteria?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Sometimes, you start with a number system and see what you can do in that number system. Sometimes there are things that can't be done (they are imp...
<|im_start|>user When I pour a glass of water really full, it can fill above the rim of the glass, would this happen on a planet with a much stronger or lighter, gravitational force? I believe the water goes above the rim due to surface tension, but could this happen with different forces of gravity??<|im_end|> <|im_st...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why does aluminum foil spark in the microwave, but doesn't when its used as the container for, say a chicken pot pie? When I put aluminum foil in the microwave by itself it sparks and makes pretty colors. On the other hand, when I put a potpie in the microwave and its container is made of alumi...
<|im_start|>user Why does riding a bike last so long in muscle memory? It's the archetypal phrase when it comes to long-term muscle memory: "It's like learning to ride a bike" What is it about bike riding that once it is learnt it is never completely unlearned? Is bicycling unique in this way or do all dextrous skil...
<|im_start|>user EILI5: How does sound transfer to tapes and/or records? And for that matter how do speakers replicate any sound we desire?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Sound has two main attributes, frequency and dynamics (pitch and loudness). This can be represented using electricity that goes up and down higher t...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why are guns with long barrels like rifles more accurate at long range than handguns?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Three main reasons: 1. Sight radius: A longer distance between the front and rear sights allows for more precise aim. 2. Stabilization: Most modern firearms stabilize bullets by...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why does milk, even if heated up, go bad if left out, but baking with milk such as to make cookies or cake not go bad quickly? What happens to the milk that causes it to react so differently in these two scenarios even though both involve heating up milk?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Low tempe...
<|im_start|>user Why don't the roof of our mouths scar, but skin does? I can't think of any reasonable answer. Does scar tissue grow faster than skin cells? If not then what is the point of scar tissue in the first place? I've been getting gum grafts and can have the same area cut off apparently without long term issu...
<|im_start|>user ELI5 the hate for Jews I could never really understand, I wouldn't even really be aware of their existence (except for that little thing hitler did).<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant In general, throughout history, Jewish people have been a very tight-knit community. This means that when a group of Jew...
<|im_start|>user How much does what you do your PhD in affect what research you can do if you become a professor? In other words, how far from your PhD can you stray and still get funding? What if you do your Master's in one subfield and your PhD in another, can you do research in both fields? Computer science/software...
<|im_start|>user [DnD] I'm first in my wizarding school and this dork who could barely cast a cantrip took a summer job with a bunch of adventure types and came back and is now the most powerful wizard in the city what gives?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant You learned in a controlled environment where your teachers ga...
<|im_start|>user Is there a reason we can't just build an incredibly long tube to get liquids such as water or fuel into space? It seems to me like that would cut costs dramatically if you were able to build something long and strong enough. I imagine The issue is building something with both the length AND the streng...
<|im_start|>user [Portal] What is Aperture Science even trying to do? Like, okay, they test things. They've invented some cool stuff. But what, exactly, is the purpose of sticking that cool stuff in a dangerous testing facility and putting human subjects through it for crap pay? They already know the stuff works, and i...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: why do so many names in anime/manga's have names ending in what sounds like "maru"<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant The suffix "-maru" can have several meanings in Japanese. It's very often used to in the names of large ships and at the end of a person or important item's name where it can mean "c...
<|im_start|>user CMV: A child's life is not worth more than an adult's I don't understand why people feel like the death of a child is worse than the death of an adult. Somehow it is more sad if a 5 year old dies in an accident or is murdered, but if a 24 year old guy dies in the same way it is not as bad? To me they a...
<|im_start|>user CMV: Accusations of Mansplaining or Whitesplaining are inherently Ad Hominem attacks, and therefore should not be taken seriously in the context of a discussion or debate. Much has been written about tendencies within the Social Justice movement to censor or limit the expression of viewpoints with whic...
<|im_start|>user There should be height classes in basketball that work similarly to weight classes in some of the other sports. CMV! For example, have a division for players that are 6'8" and taller to play with each other, then a division for 6'2" to 6'7", and a division for 6'1" and shorter. Sports such as weightli...
<|im_start|>user [Zelda] Isn't Link destroying the economy of Clock Town (and also Termina) with his time-travel banking use? Or is Termina already suffering so intensely with inflation that it doesn't matter? So Link signs up for a bank account on his first day in Termina, and gets a stamp on his hand that the banker ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: What makes a Race car driver "good" at racing? I'm assuming that most people in a given race have roughly similar cars... At least in the large professional races. What is it about the "stars" of racing that makes them win more often than other drivers? What sorts of "strategies" do they use to...
<|im_start|>user [Full Metal Alchemist] Why is Alphonse allowed on so many military facilities/secrets? Alphonse unlike his brother is not part of the Military (Alchemists are roughly a Major rank iirc) so why is he allowed to acompany Edward into classified State documents and State secrets?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assi...
<|im_start|>user ELI5:What exactly is a "confirmed kill" and how are they confirmed? Obviously I know what a kill is, and obviously the definition of confirmed means they verify that it actually happened. But, what is the process for confirming a kill?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Confirming kills varies by military...
<|im_start|>user ELI5:Why do "weeds" grow so much more quickly and without any nurturing compared to plants/crops?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant We have carefully selected our crops to produce large yields. This is economically costly to the plant. Plants in nature don't produce yields like that because natural selec...
<|im_start|>user CMV: I don't think non-binary people are trans **Intro/Disclaimers** I believe gender is socially constructed and distinct from sex. Gender is what society sees you as. As a prime example, a trans woman's sex is male, but society sees them as a female. However, that does not mean to say I think gender...
<|im_start|>user [Star Trek] 1) Why would people risk their life, relationships, and so many other things to join Star Fleet when you can live a great life for free on Earth exploring any/all of your interests? 2) How are there so many "geniuses" capable of basically being galactic astronauts?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>ass...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Console games were developed on PC, but why is it difficult to port them to PC without low rate of bugs? GTA 4 and Dark Souls 1 are prime examples of this question i’m asking. They are considered by gaming community as one of the worst PC ports ever due to low frame-rate, new bugs and not much se...
<|im_start|>user When critical infrastructure (Water, electricity, etc) is privatized, the complaint is often that the profits have been privatized and the losses have been socialized. Is this a fair criticism? For instance. A private company takes over the management of an electrical grid. To increase profits, they ...
<|im_start|>user [Star Wars] Given Han Solo was able to bribe an Imperial to escape Corellia, how well paid were people employed by the Empire? In poorer countries, you can assume any police officer/civil servant will take a bribe but it's more risky to try to bribe someone in a richer country where they are paid more....
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Virtual machines I’m trying to understand them a bit better, but it’s just not clicking for me. How is it able to operate like a physical computer and what is the benefit of that? Would you be able to say write an essay for your English class on a VM, save it there, and access it at a later time?...
<|im_start|>user ElI5: Why can’t we smile in pictures for passports and other official docs?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant You're supposed to look the same in your picture as you look when you present your ID to someone for inspection. That makes it easier to quickly confirm that you're the same person as in the ID ...
<|im_start|>user CMV:Gal Gadot's tweet about Stephen Hawking was not ableist. https://twitter.com/GalGadot/status/973919102174711809 She said he was free from physical constraints. People have somehow interpreted that as "death is better than disability". Those are completely different statements. She did not say that...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: What are physicists referring to when they say "information" being destroyed or lost in black holes? What are they referring to when they say things like "information is lost when it enters a black hole" or recently that the information isn't lost but preserved. What is this information? Is is ma...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: What happens to blood after it's been tested? I had another blood draw today for my GD test and it made me curious- what happens to the blood after the lab tests it? How is it disposed?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Blood is treated like any other kind of biohazard in a medical setting. There a...
<|im_start|>user Other than body language, why is having bad posture bad?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Your skeleton, joints, ligaments, muscles, tendons, fascia etc. form a complex structure that works together to bear your weight and transmit force for activities. Proper alignment transmits the forces through the...
<|im_start|>user ELI5:What is "cupping", and how does it benefit swimmers?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant "Cupping" therapy is performed by taking a hollow container (such as a cup) and causing it to contain lower than usual air pressure, often by filling it with warm air from a candle. It is then placed against the f...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: What is the difference between forward and reverse osmosis? I see "reverse osmosis water" on a lot of products these days and I'm curious how reverse osmosis is different.<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant In osmosis, water travels through a membrane from a low-concentration (i.e. less dissolved so...
<|im_start|>user What makes 4G faster than 3G?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Both 3G and 4G are data transfer standards. So a network is considered a 3G network if it can reach peak speeds of 200Kb/s. A network is considered 4G if it can reach 1Gb/s. However, this standard was changed basically so that companies like...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: If nature is so jagged, colorful, and seemingly random (yes, I know all about the golden ratio), why do us humans find straight lines, clean edges, and muted colors so aesthetically pleasing?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant 2 things most likely. 1) We like these things because they are different...
<|im_start|>user How do Computer Algebra Systems, like Wolfram Alpha, solve algebraic problems? I've been working with mathematica and maple a lot over the last week, and I still don't understand how computers can interpret and solve algebraic equations, yielding closed form solutions.<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant I...
<|im_start|>user ELI5 What it means to share DNA with other organisms We share 60% of our DNA with bananas, but we are clearly not 60% banana.<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant DNA fundamentally is instructions to make proteins. A lot of the basic proteins needed for cells to function (build cell membranes, move things a...
<|im_start|>user [MYST]Since the "Trap Books" in the videogames were later revealed to be a gameplay abstraction, what really happened? In Myst and Riven, the Stranger interacts with three prison books, each of which acts in apparently the same way: instead of linking anywhere, the book takes the traveler to a void, tr...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How do we know counting rings in a tree is a definitive "1 year"?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant In places with seasons, trees go through a predictable growth-dormant cycle that produces the distinctive ring pattern. Since most of these seasonal trees go dormant regardless of what the actual wi...
<|im_start|>user How do solar panels turn light into energy?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Solar panels turn light into *electricity.* That's an important distinction. The short answer is something called the *photovoltaic effect.* Put simply, shining light on a particular type of material liberates electrons from t...
<|im_start|>user Why is it that the Copenhagen Interpretation is the "standard" understanding of quantum mechanics? My understanding (which could be completely wrong) is that many if not all of the major interpretations of quantum mechanics are valid understandings of the data. What is it about the Copenhagen Interpre...
<|im_start|>user In layman's terms, can someone explain the difference between "first-order logic" and "second-order logic"?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant I first order you get to make universal and existential statements about individual objects in your theory. In second order you get to make universal and existent...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: What does a magnet "lose" when it uses energy to move an object? We all know that no energy is created, just transformed. I've read that even a planet attracting an object and accelerating it toward it will lose a tiny bit of momentum to do so. What does a magnet lose to perform the "work" of...
<|im_start|>user [General] How long does it take to build an ecumenopolis? In sci-fi, we see plenty of examples of city planets, such as Coruscant and Trantor. How long would it take to build one of these planet-wide cities?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Safe to say that these worlds generally take more than a regula...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why do we look for life on 'goldilocks' planets? I think the proper term is circumstellar habitable zone. If there is other life out there, why are we assuming that it'll have the same basic needs as our animals? The universe is seemingly infinite, and there's endless possibilities of what's out ...
<|im_start|>user Why does a Mosquito bite not transmit certain blood borne diseases? Mosquitoes can transmit a wide range of nasty diseases, malaria being foremost on my mind. But what mechanism prevents a mosquito from transmitting other diseases such as hepatitis, HIV, colds, and the flu? Or put differently: Why do ...