text stringlengths 101 6.85k | source stringlengths 38 44 |
|---|---|
In 2020, Google launched the Android Partner Vulnerability Initiative to improve the security of Android. They also formed an Android security team. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
Research from security company Trend Micro lists premium service abuse as the most common type of Android malware, where text messages are sent from infected phones to premium-rate telephone numbers without the consent or even knowledge of the user. Other malware displays unwanted and intrusive advertisements on the de... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
In 2021, journalists and researchers reported the discovery of spyware, called Pegasus, developed and distributed by a private company which can and has been used to infect both iOS and Android smartphones often – partly via use of 0-day exploits – without the need for any user-interaction or significant clues to the u... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
As part of the broader 2013 mass surveillance disclosures it was revealed in September 2013 that the American and British intelligence agencies, the National Security Agency (NSA) and Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), respectively, have access to the user data on iPhone, BlackBerry, and Android devices. Th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
The documents revealed a further effort by the intelligence agencies to intercept Google Maps searches and queries submitted from Android and other smartphones to collect location information in bulk. The NSA and GCHQ insist their activities comply with all relevant domestic and international laws, although the Guardia... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
Leaked documents published by WikiLeaks, codenamed Vault 7 and dated from 2013 to 2016, detail the capabilities of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to perform electronic surveillance and cyber warfare, including the ability to compromise the operating systems of most smartphones (including Android). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
In August 2015, Google announced that devices in the Google Nexus series would begin to receive monthly security patches. Google also wrote that "Nexus devices will continue to receive major updates for at least two years and security patches for the longer of three years from initial availability or 18 months from las... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
In a March 2017 post on Google's Security Blog, Android security leads Adrian Ludwig and Mel Miller wrote that "More than 735 million devices from 200+ manufacturers received a platform security update in 2016" and that "Our carrier and hardware partners helped expand deployment of these updates, releasing updates for ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
Patches to bugs found in the core operating system often do not reach users of older and lower-priced devices. However, the open-source nature of Android allows security contractors to take existing devices and adapt them for highly secure uses. For example, Samsung has worked with General Dynamics through their Open K... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
Android smartphones have the ability to report the location of Wi-Fi access points, encountered as phone users move around, to build databases containing the physical locations of hundreds of millions of such access points. These databases form electronic maps to locate smartphones, allowing them to run apps like Fours... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
In 2018, Norwegian security firm Promon has unearthed a serious Android security hole which can be exploited to steal login credentials, access messages, and track location, which could be found in all versions of Android, including Android 10. The vulnerability came by exploiting a bug in the multitasking system enabl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
In 2020, the Which? watchdog reported that more than a billion Android devices released in 2012 or earlier, which was 40% of Android devices worldwide, were at risk of being hacked. This conclusion stemmed from the fact that no security updates were issued for the Android versions below 7.0 in 2019. Which? collaborated... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
On August 5, 2020, Twitter published a blog urging its users to update their applications to the latest version with regards to a security concern that allowed others to access direct messages. A hacker could easily use the "Android system permissions" to fetch the account credentials in order to do so. The security is... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
Android applications run in a sandbox, an isolated area of the system that does not have access to the rest of the system's resources, unless access permissions are explicitly granted by the user when the application is installed, however this may not be possible for pre-installed apps. It is not possible, for example,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
Since February 2012, Google has used its Google Bouncer malware scanner to watch over and scan apps available in the Google Play store. A "Verify Apps" feature was introduced in November 2012, as part of the Android 4.2 "Jelly Bean" operating system version, to scan all apps, both from Google Play and from third-party ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
Before installing an application, the Google Play store displays a list of the requirements an app needs to function. After reviewing these permissions, the user can choose to accept or refuse them, installing the application only if they accept. In Android 6.0 "Marshmallow", the permissions system was changed; apps ar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
In September 2014, Jason Nova of "Android Authority" reported on a study by the German security company Fraunhofer AISEC in antivirus software and malware threats on Android. Nova wrote that "The Android operating system deals with software packages by sandboxing them; this does not allow applications to list the direc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
In August 2013, Google announced Android Device Manager (renamed Find My Device in May 2017), a service that allows users to remotely track, locate, and wipe their Android device, with an Android app for the service released in December. In December 2016, Google introduced a Trusted Contacts app, letting users request ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
On October 8, 2018, Google announced new Google Play store requirements to combat over-sharing of potentially sensitive information, including call and text logs. The issue stems from the fact that many apps request permissions to access users' personal information (even if this information is not needed for the app to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
Dependence on proprietary Google Play Services and customizations added on top of the operating system by vendors who license Android from Google is causing privacy concerns. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
The source code for Android is open-source: it is developed in private by Google, with the source code released publicly when a new version of Android is released. Google publishes most of the code (including network and telephony stacks) under the non-copyleft Apache License version 2.0. which allows modification and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
Only the base Android operating system (including some applications) is open-source software, whereas most Android devices ship with a substantial amount of proprietary software, such as Google Mobile Services, which includes applications such as Google Play Store, Google Search, and Google Play Services a software lay... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
Richard Stallman and the Free Software Foundation have been critical of Android and have recommended the usage of alternatives such as Replicant, because drivers and firmware vital for the proper functioning of Android devices are usually proprietary, and because the Google Play Store application can forcibly install o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
It has been argued that because developers are often required to purchase the Google-branded Android license, this has turned the theoretically open system into a freemium service. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
Google licenses their Google Mobile Services software, along with the Android trademarks, only to hardware manufacturers for devices that meet Google's compatibility standards specified in the Android Compatibility Program document. Thus, forks of Android that make major changes to the operating system itself do not in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
In 2014, Google also began to require that all Android devices which license the Google Mobile Services software display a prominent "Powered by Android" logo on their boot screens. Google has also enforced preferential bundling and placement of Google Mobile Services on devices, including mandated bundling of the enti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
Some stock applications and components in AOSP code that were formerly used by earlier versions of Android, such as Search, Music, Calendar, and the location API, were abandoned by Google in favor of non-free replacements distributed through Play Store (Google Search, Google Play Music, and Google Calendar) and Google ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
Members of the Open Handset Alliance, which include the majority of Android OEMs, are also contractually forbidden from producing Android devices based on forks of the OS; in 2012, Acer Inc. was forced by Google to halt production on a device powered by Alibaba Group's Aliyun OS with threats of removal from the OHA, as... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
Android received a lukewarm reaction when it was unveiled in 2007. Although analysts were impressed with the respected technology companies that had partnered with Google to form the Open Handset Alliance, it was unclear whether mobile phone manufacturers would be willing to replace their existing operating systems wit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
Since then Android has grown to become the most widely used smartphone operating system and "one of the fastest mobile experiences available". Reviewers have highlighted the open-source nature of the operating system as one of its defining strengths, allowing companies such as Nokia (Nokia X family), Amazon (Kindle Fir... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
Despite Android's popularity, including an activation rate three times that of iOS, there have been reports that Google has not been able to leverage their other products and web services successfully to turn Android into the money maker that analysts had expected. "The Verge" suggested that Google is losing control of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
Android has suffered from "fragmentation", a situation where the variety of Android devices, in terms of both hardware variations and differences in the software running on them, makes the task of developing applications that work consistently across the ecosystem harder than rival platforms such as iOS where hardware ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
Android is the most used operating system on phones in virtually all countries, with some countries, such as India, having over 96% market share. On tablets, usage is more even, as iOS is a bit more popular globally. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
Research company Canalys estimated in the second quarter of 2009, that Android had a 2.8% share of worldwide smartphone shipments. By May 2010, Android had a 10% worldwide smartphone market share, overtaking Windows Mobile, whilst in the US Android held a 28% share, overtaking iPhone OS. By the fourth quarter of 2010, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
By the third quarter of 2011, Gartner estimated that more than half (52.5%) of the smartphone sales belonged to Android. By the third quarter of 2012 Android had a 75% share of the global smartphone market according to the research firm IDC. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
In July 2011, Google said that 550,000 Android devices were being activated every day, up from 400,000 per day in May, and more than 100 million devices had been activated<ref name="i/o 2011 stats"></ref> with 4.4% growth per week. In September 2012, 500 million devices had been activated with 1.3 million activations p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
Android market share varies by location. In July 2012, "mobile subscribers aged 13+" in the United States using Android were up to 52%, and rose to 90% in China. During the third quarter of 2012, Android's worldwide smartphone shipment market share was 75%, with 750 million devices activated in total. In April 2013, An... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
Android devices account for more than half of smartphone sales in most markets, including the US, while "only in Japan was Apple on top" (September–November 2013 numbers). At the end of 2013, over 1.5 billion Android smartphones had been sold in the four years since 2010, making Android the most sold phone and tablet O... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
According to StatCounter, which tracks only the use for browsing the web, Android is the most popular mobile operating system since August 2013. Android is the most popular operating system for web browsing in India and several other countries (e.g. virtually all of Asia, with Japan and North Korea exceptions). Accordi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
While Android phones in the Western world almost always include Google's proprietary code (such as Google Play) in the otherwise open-source operating system, Google's proprietary code and trademark is increasingly not used in emerging markets; "The growth of AOSP Android devices goes way beyond just China [..] ABI Res... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
According to a January 2015 Gartner report, "Android surpassed a billion shipments of devices in 2014, and will continue to grow at a double-digit pace in 2015, with a 26 percent increase year over year." This made it the first time that any general-purpose operating system has reached more than one billion end users w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
According to a Statistica's estimate, Android smartphones had an installed base of 1.8 billion units in 2015, which was 76% of the estimated total number of smartphones worldwide. Android has the largest installed base of any mobile operating system and, since 2013, the highest-selling operating system overall with sal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
In the second quarter of 2014, Android's share of the global smartphone shipment market was 84.7%, a new record. This had grown to 87.5% worldwide market share by the third quarter of 2016, leaving main competitor iOS with 12.1% market share. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
According to an April 2017 StatCounter report, Android overtook Microsoft Windows to become the most popular operating system for total Internet usage. It has maintained the plurality since then. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
In September 2015, Google announced that Android had 1.4 billion monthly active users. This changed to 2 billion monthly active users in May 2017. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
Despite its success on smartphones, initially Android tablet adoption was slow, then later caught up with the iPad, in most countries. One of the main causes was the chicken or the egg situation where consumers were hesitant to buy an Android tablet due to a lack of high quality tablet applications, but developers were... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
Despite app support in its infancy, a considerable number of Android tablets, like the Barnes & Noble Nook (alongside those using other operating systems, such as the HP TouchPad and BlackBerry PlayBook) were rushed out to market in an attempt to capitalize on the success of the iPad. "InfoWorld" has suggested that som... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
This began to change in 2012, with the release of the affordable Nexus 7 and a push by Google for developers to write better tablet applications. According to International Data Corporation, shipments of Android-powered tablets surpassed iPads in Q3 2012. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
As of the end of 2013, over 191.6 million Android tablets had sold in three years since 2011. This made Android tablets the most-sold type of tablet in 2013, surpassing iPads in the second quarter of 2013. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
According to StatCounter's web use statistics, , Android tablets represent the majority of tablet devices used in Africa (70%), South America (65%), while less than half elsewhere, e.g. Europe (44%), Asia (44%), North America (34%) and Oceania/Australia (18%). There are countries on all continents where Android tablets... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
In March 2016, Galen Gruman of "InfoWorld" stated that Android devices could be a "real part of your business [..] there's no longer a reason to keep Android at arm's length. It can now be as integral to your mobile portfolio as Apple's iOS devices are". A year earlier, Gruman had stated that Microsoft's own mobile Off... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
The recently released Android 12 is the most popular Android version on both smartphones and tablets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
, Android 12 is most popular on smartphones at 30%. Usage of Android 10 and newer, i.e. supported versions, is at 75%, the rest of users are not supported with security updates. Android 12 is most popular in a few countries including the United States, but Android 11 is most used in most countries, including India, whi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
On tablets, Android 12 is most popular at 19% Android 11 is 2nd almost even with it, and it overtook Android 9.0 Pie in July 2021, which is now third at 17% (topped out at over 20%). Usage of Android 10 and newer, i.e. supported versions, is at 43% on Android tablets, with Pie 9.O, until recently supported, at 60%. The... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
, 66% of devices have Vulkan support (47% on newer Vulkan 1.1), the successor to OpenGL. At the same time 91.5% of the devices have support for or higher (in addition, the rest of devices, 8.50%, use version 2.0), with 73.50% using the latest version . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
In general, paid Android applications can easily be pirated. In a May 2012 interview with Eurogamer, the developers of "Football Manager" stated that the ratio of pirated players vs legitimate players was 9:1 for their game "Football Manager Handheld". However, not every developer agreed that piracy rates were an issue... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
In 2010, Google released a tool for validating authorized purchases for use within apps, but developers complained that this was insufficient and trivial to crack. Google responded that the tool, especially its initial release, was intended as a sample framework for developers to modify and build upon depending on thei... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
The success of Android has made it a target for patent and copyright litigation between technology companies, both Android and Android phone manufacturers having been involved in numerous patent lawsuits and other legal challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
On August 12, 2010, Oracle sued Google over claimed infringement of copyrights and patents related to the Java programming language. Oracle originally sought damages up to $6.1 billion, but this valuation was rejected by a United States federal judge who asked Oracle to revise the estimate. In response, Google submitte... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
In December 2015, Google announced that the next major release of Android (Android Nougat) would switch to OpenJDK, which is the official open-source implementation of the Java platform, instead of using the now-discontinued Apache Harmony project as its runtime. Code reflecting this change was also posted to the AOSP ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
In April 2021, the United Supreme Court ruled that Google's use of the Java APIs was within the bounds of fair use, reversing the Federal Circuit Appeals Court ruling and remanding the case for further hearing. The majority opinion began with the assumption that the APIs may be copyrightable, and thus proceeded with a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
In 2013, FairSearch, a lobbying organization supported by Microsoft, Oracle and others, filed a complaint regarding Android with the European Commission, alleging that its free-of-charge distribution model constituted anti-competitive predatory pricing. The Free Software Foundation Europe, whose donors include Google, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
On October 16, 2018, Google announced that it would change its distribution model for Google Mobile Services in the EU, since part of its revenues streams for Android which came through use of Google Search and Chrome were now prohibited by the EU's ruling. While the core Android system remains free, OEMs in Europe wou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
In addition to lawsuits against Google directly, various proxy wars have been waged against Android indirectly by targeting manufacturers of Android devices, with the effect of discouraging manufacturers from adopting the platform by increasing the costs of bringing an Android device to market. Both Apple and Microsoft... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
Google has publicly expressed its frustration for the current patent landscape in the United States, accusing Apple, Oracle and Microsoft of trying to take down Android through patent litigation, rather than innovating and competing with better products and services. In August 2011, Google purchased Motorola Mobility f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
Turkey's competition authority investigations about default search engine in Android, started in 2017, led to a US$17.4 million fine in September 2018 and a fine of 0.05 percent of Google's revenue per day in November 2019 when Google didn't meet the requirements. In December 2019, Google stopped issuing licenses for n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
Google has developed several variations of Android for specific use cases, including Android Wear, later renamed Wear OS, for wearable devices such as wrist watches, Android TV for televisions, Android Things for smart or Internet of things devices and Android Automotive for cars. Additionally, by providing infrastruct... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
The open and customizable nature of Android allows device makers to use it on other electronics as well, including laptops, netbooks, and desktop computers, cameras, headphones, home automation systems, game consoles, media players, satellites, routers, printers, payment terminals, automated teller machines, and robots... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
Ouya, a video game console running Android, became one of the most successful Kickstarter campaigns, crowdfunding US$8.5m for its development, and was later followed by other Android-based consoles, such as Nvidia's Shield Portable an Android device in a video game controller form factor. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
In 2011, Google demonstrated "Android@Home", a home automation technology which uses Android to control a range of household devices including light switches, power sockets and thermostats. Prototype light bulbs were announced that could be controlled from an Android phone or tablet, but Android head Andy Rubin was cau... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
Parrot unveiled an Android-based car stereo system known as Asteroid in 2011, followed by a successor, the touchscreen-based Asteroid Smart, in 2012. In 2013, Clarion released its own Android-based car stereo, the AX1. In January 2014, at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES), Google announced the formation of the Open A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
Android comes preinstalled on a few laptops (a similar functionality of running Android applications is also available in Google's ChromeOS) and can also be installed on personal computers by end users. On those platforms Android provides additional functionality for physical keyboards and mice, together with the "Alt-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
In October 2015, "The Wall Street Journal" reported that Android will serve as Google's future main laptop operating system, with the plan to fold ChromeOS into it by 2017. Google's Sundar Pichai, who led the development of Android, explained that "mobile as a computing paradigm is eventually going to blend with what w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
At Google I/O in May 2016, Google announced Daydream, a virtual reality platform that relies on a smartphone and provides VR capabilities through a virtual reality headset and controller designed by Google itself. The platform is built into Android starting with Android Nougat, differentiating from standalone support f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
The mascot of Android is a green android robot, as related to the software's name. Although it has no official name, the Android team at Google reportedly call it "Bugdroid". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
It was designed by then-Google graphic designer Irina Blok on November 5, 2007, when Android was announced. Contrary to reports that she was tasked with a project to create an icon, Blok confirmed in an interview that she independently developed it and made it open source. The robot design was initially not presented t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12610483 |
Google Classroom is a free blended learning platform developed by Google for educational institutions that aims to simplify creating, distributing, and grading assignments. The primary purpose of Google Classroom is to streamline the process of sharing files between teachers and students. As of 2021, approximately 150 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42694174 |
Google Classroom integrates a variety of Google Applications for Education to manage student and teacher communication. Students can be invited to join a class through a private code or be imported automatically from a school domain. Each class creates a separate folder in the respective user's Google Drive, where the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42694174 |
Google Classroom has undergone a series of updates and changes since its original release in May 2014. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42694174 |
Google Classroom integrates several Google Applications for Education, such as Google Drive, Google Docs, Google Sheets, Google Slides, Google Forms, Google Sites, and Gmail.A Google Calendar integration was later added to the platform. Students can be invited to classrooms through the institution's database, through a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42694174 |
Assignments are stored and graded on Google's document applications. Instead of sharing documents that reside on the student's Google Drive with the teacher, files are hosted on the student's Drive and then submitted for grading. Teachers on Google Classroom have the option of creating Assignments in various templates ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42694174 |
Google Classroom supports different grading schemes. Turned in assignments can be graded by the teacher and returned with comments before the final submission, allowing for the students to modify their work. Once turned in, assignments can only be edited by the teacher. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42694174 |
Announcements can be posted by teachers to the class stream which can be commented on by students. Students may also post to the class class stream, though teachers retain a moderator role. Multiple types of media from Google products such as YouTube videos and Google Drive files can be attached to announcements and po... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42694174 |
Introduced in 2020, Originality Report is a built-in plagiarism detection tool which both students and teachers can access. Teachers can view the originality report, allowing them to verify the academic integrity of the student's submitted work. On the free version of G Suite for Education, teachers can turn on origina... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42694174 |
Classroom allows instructors to archive courses at the end of a term or year. When a course is archived, it is removed from the homepage and placed in the Archived Classes area. When a course is archived, teachers and students can view it, but won't be able to make any changes to unless it is restored. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42694174 |
"eLearning Industry" tested and made a review of Google Classroom, in which they highlighted many positive and negative aspects. Among Classroom's strengths, the review highlighted ease of use, universal device accessibility, use of Google Drive as an effective way for teachers to quickly share assignments with student... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42694174 |
As a company, Google has been criticized on several different issues, including privacy. Specific criticism of Google Classroom generally focuses on concern for privacy for students and Google's use of student data. Criticism of Google Classroom is often combined with criticism of Chromebooks and Google Workspace. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42694174 |
Other criticisms directed at Google Classroom are lack of a full-fledged grade book, lack of automatic quizzes and tests (common features in learning management systems), and editing of assignments once they are released. The platform's insistence on using a chronological order has been criticized as students respond w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42694174 |
During the COVID-19 pandemic, many classrooms pivoted to Classroom due to its usefulness and integration with existing Google products. While this provided equitable access to students and exposed learners to current and relevant online platforms, it also posed challenges such as unreliable internet connections, high c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42694174 |
Similarly to other online education platforms, adopting a fully remote or online education system brings forward socio-economic challenges such as access to technology in remote and lower socio-economic society areas. In studies discussing use of Google Classroom for English as a foreign language studies, students had ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42694174 |
Windows is a group of several proprietary graphical operating system families developed and marketed by Microsoft. Each family caters to a certain sector of the computing industry. For example, Windows NT for consumers, Windows Server for servers, and Windows IoT for embedded systems. Defunct Windows families include W... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18890 |
The first version of Windows was released on November 20, 1985, as a graphical operating system shell for MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces (GUIs). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18890 |
Windows is the most popular desktop operating system in the world, with 75% market share , according to StatCounter. However, Windows is not the most used operating system when including both mobile and desktop OSes, due to Android's massive growth. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18890 |
, the most recent version of Windows is Windows 11 for consumer PCs and tablets, Windows 11 Enterprise for corporations, and Windows Server 2022 for servers. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18890 |
Microsoft, the developer of Windows, has registered several trademarks, each of which denotes a family of Windows operating systems that target a specific sector of the computing industry. As of 2014, the following Windows families were being actively developed: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18890 |
The term "Windows" collectively describes any or all of several generations of Microsoft operating system products. These products are generally categorized as follows: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18890 |
The history of Windows dates back to 1981 when Microsoft started work on a program called "Interface Manager". It was announced in November 1983 (after the Apple Lisa, but before the Macintosh) under the name "Windows", but Windows 1.0 was not released until November 1985. Windows 1.0 was to compete with Apple's operat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18890 |
Windows 2.0 was released in December 1987, and was more popular than its predecessor. It features several improvements to the user interface and memory management. Windows 2.03 changed the OS from tiled windows to overlapping windows. The result of this change led to Apple Computer filing a suit against Microsoft alleg... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18890 |
Windows 2.1 was released in two different versions: Windows/286 and Windows/386. Windows/386 uses the virtual 8086 mode of the Intel 80386 to multitask several DOS programs and the paged memory model to emulate expanded memory using available extended memory. Windows/286, in spite of its name, runs on both Intel 8086 a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18890 |
In addition to full Windows-packages, there were runtime-only versions that shipped with early Windows software from third parties and made it possible to run their Windows software on MS-DOS and without the full Windows feature set. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18890 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.