README.md

metadata

language:
  - ne
license: cc-by-4.0
task_categories:
  - question-answering
  - text-generation
tags:
  - nepali
  - devanagari
  - grounded-qa
  - education
  - synthetic
  - instruction-tuning
  - sharegpt
size_categories:
  - n<1K

Nepali Grounded Education QA (OpenHermes-format)

A small, fact-grounded Nepali instruction-tuning dataset of question–answer pairs about student enrollment statistics from Nepal's Ministry of Education. Every answer is anchored to a real numeric value pulled from government open data — nothing in the answers is model-hallucinated.

Dataset Summary

Rows	611
Language	Nepali (Devanagari script)
Format	ShareGPT / hermes-instruction-response (conversations: [human, gpt])
Domain	Education statistics — janajati (indigenous/ethnic) student enrollment
Source	Nepal Ministry of Education, via Open Data Nepal
Generation method	LLM-paraphrased Nepali question/answer pairs, grounded in a single numeric fact per row
License	CC BY 4.0 (see Licensing for full reasoning)

Dataset Structure

Each line is a standalone JSON object:

{
  "id": "grounded-qa-000001-Grade-1",
  "conversations": [
    {"from": "human", "value": "वर्ष 2011-012 मा ताप्लेजुङ जिल्लाका सबै प्रकारका विद्यालयहरूमा कक्षा 1 मा कति जनाजाति विद्यार्थीहरू भर्ना भएका थिए?"},
    {"from": "gpt", "value": "वर्ष 2011-012 मा ताप्लेजुङ जिल्लाका सबै प्रकारका विद्यालयहरूमा कक्षा 1 मा 9278 जनाजाति विद्यार्थीहरू भर्ना भएका थिए।"}
  ],
  "source_provenance": {
    "grounding": {"district": "Taplejung", "grade": "Grade 1", "value": "9278"},
    "metadata": {
      "dataset_name": "Number of Schools and Students FY 2003 to 2015 BS",
      "dataset_domain": "Ministry of Education",
      "resource_name": "Janajati enrollment at all levels by district in all types of School 2011-012 - Sheet1.csv",
      "license_id": "notspecified"
    },
    "behavior": "paraphrase"
  },
  "input_format": "hermes-instruction-response",
  "source_task_id": "grounded-qa-000001-Grade-1"
}

Fields:

• id / source_task_id — unique row identifier, encodes district and grade
• conversations — a single human/gpt turn pair, ready for SFT
• source_provenance.grounding — the exact district, grade, and numeric value the answer is anchored to
• source_provenance.metadata — source dataset name, domain, and originating CSV resource
• behavior — generation strategy used for this row (currently paraphrase for 100% of rows)

Data Quality & Audit

All 611 rows were programmatically audited prior to release. Results below are from the actual audit pass, not estimated.

Structural integrity

Check	Result
Rows with malformed/missing conversations	0 / 611
Rows with incorrect turn roles (not human → gpt)	0 / 611
Rows with empty question or answer text	0 / 611
Duplicate id values	0 / 611
Duplicate exact question+answer pairs	0 / 611
Rows missing a required top-level field (id, conversations, source_provenance, input_format, source_task_id)	0 / 611

Language & content integrity

Check	Result
Suspicious/invisible Unicode characters (zero-width chars, stray symbols outside Devanagari + standard punctuation ranges)	0 / 611
Rows with detectable English prose contamination	0 / 611
Numeral encoding in answers	100% Western/Arabic digits (0% Devanagari numerals — see Limitations)

Factual grounding fidelity

Check	Result
Rows where the grounded numeric value (source_provenance.grounding.value) appears verbatim in the generated answer	611 / 611 (100%)

This is the most important check for a grounded-QA dataset: every answer contains the exact figure it was supposed to report, with no numeric drift introduced during paraphrasing/translation.

Coverage

Unique districts covered	76
Grade levels covered	Grade 1–12
Grade distribution	Uneven — ranges from 18 rows (Grade 10) to 63 rows (Grade 4); see note below
Source CSV resources	1 (Janajati enrollment at all levels by district in all types of School 2011-012 - Sheet1.csv)
Reporting year	2011–012 BS only

Row length consistency

	Human turn (chars)	GPT turn (chars)
Min	109	108
Mean	114.5	115.1
Max	140	125

Narrow, consistent length range — indicates a stable question/answer template rather than free-form generation drift.

Known Limitations

• Single topic, single year. Every row is derived from one CSV (janajati enrollment by district and grade, fiscal year 2011–012 BS). This dataset is narrow by design — useful for grounded numeric QA in Nepali, not a general-purpose instruction dataset.
• Uneven grade coverage. Grade 10 has roughly a third as many rows as Grade 4, reflecting gaps in the source CSV rather than sampling choice.
• Arabic numerals only. All numeric values in answers use Western digits (0–9) rather than Devanagari numerals (०-९). If your downstream use case needs Devanagari numeral consistency, a numeral-conversion pass is required before use.
• Single generation behavior. All 611 rows use the paraphrase behavior — there is no lexical/structural diversity from alternate generation strategies.
• Inherited source metadata quirk. The metadata.publisher field on every row reads "Agriculture Inputs Company Limited," which does not match the actual publishing body (Ministry of Education). This is inherited as-is from Open Data Nepal's portal metadata and was not corrected, to preserve source-provenance traceability; it should not be read as the actual publisher of the underlying statistics.
• No held-out human review. Audit checks above are automated (structural, Unicode, contamination, and grounding-fidelity checks). No manual human-annotator review pass has been run on this release.

Licensing

• The underlying enrollment statistics originate from Nepal's Ministry of Education and are distributed as open government data via Open Data Nepal. The source portal lists this specific resource's license as notspecified — the publisher did not declare a formal license, though it is published as open data.
• Bare statistics (counts, figures) are generally not copyrightable content on their own, and Nepal does not have an EU-style database right, so the "notspecified" tag does not block reuse of the facts. The genuinely original content in this dataset is the LLM-generated Nepali question/answer phrasing built around those facts.
• This dataset is released under CC BY 4.0. Attribution to Nepal's Ministry of Education / Open Data Nepal as the source of the underlying statistics is required when reusing this dataset.
• This is not legal advice. If you plan to redistribute commercially or at scale, independently confirm current Open Data Nepal terms and, if this dataset was generated using a third-party LLM API, that provider's usage terms for generated output.

Generation Process

1. Source enrollment figures extracted from a single Ministry of Education CSV (district × grade enrollment counts, FY 2011–012 BS), sourced via Open Data Nepal.
2. One numeric fact per row selected as the "grounding" value.
3. An English question/answer pair constructed around that fact.
4. The pair translated and paraphrased into Nepali by an LLM, with the grounded numeric value preserved verbatim.
5. Automated audit pass (this document's Data Quality & Audit section) run against the full output before release.

Citation

If you use this dataset, please cite it and attribute the underlying statistics to Nepal's Ministry of Education via Open Data Nepal.

@misc{nepali_grounded_education_qa,
  title  = {Nepali Grounded Education QA},
  author = {Tharu, Som Narayan},
  year   = {2026},
  note   = {Derived from Nepal Ministry of Education enrollment statistics, Open Data Nepal},
  url    = {<add your Hugging Face repo URL here>}
}