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<s> [INST] What are the symptoms of Hypothyroidism ?[/INST] Hypothyroidism has many symptoms that can vary from person to person. Some common symptoms of hypothyroidism are - fatigue - weight gain - a puffy face - cold intolerance - joint and muscle pain - constipation - dry skin - dry, thinning...
<s> [INST] How to diagnose Hypothyroidism ?[/INST] Many symptoms of hypothyroidism are the same as those of other diseases, so hypothyroidism usually cannot be diagnosed based on symptoms alone. With suspected hypothyroidism, health care providers take a medical history and perform a thorough physical examination. Heal...
<s> [INST] What are the treatments for Hypothyroidism ?[/INST] Health care providers treat hypothyroidism with synthetic thyroxine, a medication that is identical to the hormone T4. The exact dose will depend on the patients age and weight, the severity of the hypothyroidism, the presence of other health problems, and ...
<s> [INST] What to do for Hypothyroidism ?[/INST] Experts recommend that people eat a balanced diet to obtain most nutrients. More information about diet and nutrition can be found on the National Agricultural Library website at www.nutrition.gov. Dietary Supplements Iodine is an essen...
<s> [INST] What to do for Hypothyroidism ?[/INST] - Hypothyroidism is a disorder that occurs when the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone to meet the bodys needs. Thyroid hormone regulates metabolism. Without enough thyroid hormone, many of the bodys functions slow down. - Hypothyroidism has several cau...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Urinary Tract Infection In Adults ?[/INST] A UTI is an infection in the urinary tract. Infections are caused by microbesorganisms too small to be seen without a microscopeincluding fungi, viruses, and bacteria. Bacteria are the most common cause of UTIs. Normally, bacteria that enter the urinar...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Urinary Tract Infection In Adults ?[/INST] The urinary tract is the body's drainage system for removing wastes and extra water. The urinary tract includes two kidneys, two ureters, a bladder, and a urethra. The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist and located ...
<s> [INST] What causes Urinary Tract Infection In Adults ?[/INST] Most UTIs are caused by bacteria that live in the bowel. The bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) causes the vast majority of UTIs. Microbes called Chlamydia and Mycoplasma can infect the urethra and reproductive system but not the bladder. Chlamydia and...
<s> [INST] How many people are affected by Urinary Tract Infection In Adults ?[/INST] Urinary tract infections are the second most common type of infection in the body, accounting for about 8.1 million visits to health care providers each year.1 Women are especially prone to UTIs for anatomical reasons. One factor is t...
<s> [INST] Who is at risk for Urinary Tract Infection In Adults? ?[/INST] Although everyone has some risk, some people are more prone to getting UTIs than others. People with spinal cord injuries or other nerve damage around the bladder have difficulty emptying their bladder completely, allowing bacteria to grow in the...
<s> [INST] What are the symptoms of Urinary Tract Infection In Adults ?[/INST] Symptoms of a UTI vary by age, gender, and whether a catheter is present. Among young women, UTI symptoms typically include a frequent and intense urge to urinate and a painful, burning feeling in the bladder or urethra during urination. The...
<s> [INST] How to diagnose Urinary Tract Infection In Adults ?[/INST] To find out whether a person has a UTI, the health care provider will ask about urinary symptoms and then test a sample of urine for the presence of bacteria and white blood cells, which are produced by the body to fight infection. Because bacteria c...
<s> [INST] What are the treatments for Urinary Tract Infection In Adults ?[/INST] Most UTIs are caused by bacteria, which are treated with bacteria-fighting medications called antibiotics or antimicrobials. The choice of medication and length of treatment depend on the patients history and the type of bacteria causing ...
<s> [INST] How to prevent Urinary Tract Infection In Adults ?[/INST] Changing some daily habits may help a person prevent recurrent UTIs. Eating, Diet, and Nutrition Drinking lots of fluid can help flush bacteria from the system. Water is best. Most people should try for six to eight, ...
<s> [INST] What to do for Urinary Tract Infection In Adults ?[/INST] - Most urinary tract infections (UTIs) arise from one type of bacteria, Escherichia coli (E. coli), which normally lives in the bowel. - Symptoms of a UTI in adults may include the following: - a frequent and intense urge to urinate - a painf...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Diagnosis of Diabetes and Prediabetes ?[/INST] Diabetes is a complex group of diseases with a variety of causes. People with diabetes have high blood glucose, also called high blood sugar or hyperglycemia. Diabetes is a disorder of metabolismthe way the body uses digested food ...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Diagnosis of Diabetes and Prediabetes ?[/INST] Prediabetes is when blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough for a diagnosis of diabetes. Prediabetes means a person is at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes, as well as for heart disease and stroke. Many people wi...
<s> [INST] How to diagnose Diagnosis of Diabetes and Prediabetes ?[/INST] Blood tests are used to diagnosis diabetes and prediabetes because early in the disease type 2 diabetes may have no symptoms. All diabetes blood tests involve drawing blood at a health care providers office or commercial facility and sending the ...
<s> [INST] How to diagnose Diagnosis of Diabetes and Prediabetes ?[/INST] Health care providers test for gestational diabetes using the OGTT. Women may be tested during their first visit to the health care provider after becoming pregnant or between 24 to 28 weeks of pregnancy depending on their risk factors and sympto...
<s> [INST] How to prevent Diagnosis of Diabetes and Prediabetes ?[/INST] A major research study, the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), proved that people with prediabetes were able to sharply reduce their risk of developing diabetes during the study by losing 5 to 7 percent of their body weight through dietary changes...
<s> [INST] What are the treatments for Diagnosis of Diabetes and Prediabetes ?[/INST] People can manage their diabetes with meal planning, physical activity, and if needed, medications. More information about taking care of type 1 or type 2 diabetes is provided in the NIDDK health topics: - What I need...
<s> [INST] What to do for Diagnosis of Diabetes and Prediabetes ?[/INST] - Tests used for diagnosing diabetes and prediabetes include the A1C testfor type 2 diabetes and prediabetesthe fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test, and the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Another blood test, the random plasma glucose (RPG) test...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Mntriers Disease ?[/INST] Mntriers disease causes the ridges along the inside of the stomach wallcalled rugaeto enlarge, forming giant folds in the stomach lining. The rugae enlarge because of an overgrowth of mucous cells in the stomach wall. In a normal stomach, mucous cells ...
<s> [INST] What causes Mntriers Disease ?[/INST] Scientists are unsure about what causes Mntriers disease; however, researchers think that most people acquire, rather than inherit, the disease. In extremely rare cases, siblings have developed Mntriers disease as children, suggesting a genetic link. Stu...
<s> [INST] Who is at risk for Mntriers Disease? ?[/INST] Mntriers disease is rare. The disease is more common in men than in women. The average age at diagnosis is 55.2</s>
<s> [INST] What are the symptoms of Mntriers Disease ?[/INST] The most common symptom of Mntriers disease is pain in the upper middle part of the abdomen. The abdomen is the area between the chest and hips. Other signs and symptoms of Mntriers disease may include - nausea and frequent ...
<s> [INST] How to diagnose Mntriers Disease ?[/INST] Health care providers base the diagnosis of Mntriers disease on a combination of symptoms, lab findings, findings on upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy, and stomach biopsy results. A health care provider will begin the diagnosis of Mntriers disease by taking a pat...
<s> [INST] What are the treatments for Mntriers Disease ?[/INST] Treatment may include medications, IV protein, blood transfusions, and surgery. Medications Health care providers may prescribe the anticancer medication cetuximab (Erbitux) to treat Mntriers disease. Studies have shown t...
<s> [INST] What to do for Mntriers Disease ?[/INST] Researchers have not found that eating, diet, and nutrition play a role in causing or preventing Mntriers disease. In some cases, a health care provider may prescribe a high-protein diet to offset the loss of protein due to Mntriers disease. Some people with severe ma...
<s> [INST] What to do for Mntriers Disease ?[/INST] - Mntriers disease causes the ridges along the inside of the stomach wallcalled rugaeto enlarge, forming giant folds in the stomach lining. The rugae enlarge because of an overgrowth of mucous cells in the stomach wall. - Scientists are unsure about what causes Mntri...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Inguinal Hernia ?[/INST] An inguinal hernia happens when contents of the abdomenusually fat or part of the small intestinebulge through a weak area in the lower abdominal wall. The abdomen is the area between the chest and the hips. The area of the lower abdominal wall is also called the inguin...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Inguinal Hernia ?[/INST] The inguinal canal is a passage through the lower abdominal wall. People have two inguinal canalsone on each side of the lower abdomen. In males, the spermatic cords pass through the inguinal canals and connect to the testicles in the scrotumthe sac around the testicles...
<s> [INST] What causes Inguinal Hernia ?[/INST] The cause of inguinal hernias depends on the type of inguinal hernia. Indirect inguinal hernias. A defect in the abdominal wall that is present at birth causes an indirect inguinal hernia. During the development of the fetus in the womb, ...
<s> [INST] What are the symptoms of Inguinal Hernia ?[/INST] The first sign of an inguinal hernia is a small bulge on one or, rarely, on both sides of the grointhe area just above the groin crease between the lower abdomen and the thigh. The bulge may increase in size over time and usually disappears when lying down. ...
<s> [INST] What are the complications of Inguinal Hernia ?[/INST] Inguinal hernias can cause the following complications: - Incarceration. An incarcerated hernia happens when part of the fat or small intestine from inside the abdomen becomes stuck in the groin or scrotum and cannot go back into the abd...
<s> [INST] How to diagnose Inguinal Hernia ?[/INST] A health care provider diagnoses an inguinal hernia with - a medical and family history - a physical exam - imaging tests, including x rays Medical and family history. Taking a medical and family history may help a health care provi...
<s> [INST] What are the treatments for Inguinal Hernia ?[/INST] Repair of an inguinal hernia via surgery is the only treatment for inguinal hernias and can prevent incarceration and strangulation. Health care providers recommend surgery for most people with inguinal hernias and especially for people with hernias that c...
<s> [INST] How to prevent Inguinal Hernia ?[/INST] People cannot prevent the weakness in the abdominal wall that causes indirect inguinal hernias. However, people may be able to prevent direct inguinal hernias by maintaining a healthy weight and not smoking. People can keep inguinal hernias from gettin...
<s> [INST] What to do for Inguinal Hernia ?[/INST] Researchers have not found that eating, diet, and nutrition play a role in causing inguinal hernias. A person with an inguinal hernia may be able to prevent symptoms by eating high-fiber foods. Fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grains are high in fiber and may help p...
<s> [INST] What to do for Inguinal Hernia ?[/INST] - An inguinal hernia happens when contents of the abdomenusually fat or part of the small intestinebulge through a weak area in the lower abdominal wall. - A defect in the abdominal wall that is present at birth causes an indirect inguinal hernia. - Direct inguinal h...
<s> [INST] How to diagnose Your Diabetes Care Records ?[/INST] Test Instructions Results or Dates A1C test - Have this blood test at least twice a year. Your result will tell you what your average blood glucose level was for the past 2 to 3 months. Date: __________ A1C: ________...
<s> [INST] What is (are) I Can Lower My Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Guide for American Indians ?[/INST] Diabetes causes blood glucose levels to be above normal. People with diabetes have problems converting food to energy. After food is eaten, it is broken down into a sugar called glucose. Glucose is then carried by th...
<s> [INST] What are the symptoms of I Can Lower My Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Guide for American Indians ?[/INST] Many people have no visible signs or symptoms of diabetes. Symptoms can also be so mild that you might not notice them. More than 5 million people in the United States have type 2 diabetes and do not know ...
<s> [INST] Who is at risk for I Can Lower My Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Guide for American Indians? ?[/INST] - My mother had diabetes when I was born. - I am overweight. - I have a parent, brother, or sister with diabetes. - My family background is American Indian. - I have had gestational diabetes, or I gave bir...
<s> [INST] Who is at risk for I Can Lower My Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Guide for American Indians? ?[/INST] - Reach and maintain a reasonable body weight. - Make wise food choices most of the time. - Be physically active every day. - Take your prescribed medicines. Doing these things can reduce yo...
<s> [INST] How to diagnose Treatment Methods for Kidney Failure: Hemodialysis ?[/INST] About once a month, your dialysis care team will test your blood by using one of two formulasURR or Kt/Vto see whether your treatments are removing enough wastes. Both tests look at one specific waste product, called blood urea nitro...
<s> [INST] What are the treatments for Treatment Methods for Kidney Failure: Hemodialysis ?[/INST] Your kidneys do much more than remove wastes and extra fluid. They also make hormones and balance chemicals in your system. When your kidneys stop working, you may have problems with anemia and conditions that affect your...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Insulin Resistance and Prediabetes ?[/INST] Insulin is a hormone made in the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. The pancreas contains clusters of cells called islets. Beta cells within the islets make insulin and release it into the blood. Insulin plays a major role...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Insulin Resistance and Prediabetes ?[/INST] Insulin resistance is a condition in which the body produces insulin but does not use it effectively. When people have insulin resistance, glucose builds up in the blood instead of being absorbed by the cells, leading to type 2 diabetes or prediabetes...
<s> [INST] What causes Insulin Resistance and Prediabetes ?[/INST] Although the exact causes of insulin resistance are not completely understood, scientists think the major contributors to insulin resistance are excess weight and physical inactivity. Excess Weight Some experts believe ...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Insulin Resistance and Prediabetes ?[/INST] Prediabetes is a condition in which blood glucose or A1C levelswhich reflect average blood glucose levelsare higher than normal but not high enough for a diagnosis of diabetes. Prediabetes is becoming more common in the United States. The U.S. Departm...
<s> [INST] What are the symptoms of Insulin Resistance and Prediabetes ?[/INST] Insulin resistance and prediabetes usually have no symptoms. People may have one or both conditions for several years without knowing they have them. Even without symptoms, health care providers can identify people at high risk by their phy...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Insulin Resistance and Prediabetes ?[/INST] Metabolic syndrome, also called insulin resistance syndrome, is a group of traits and medical conditions linked to overweight and obesity that puts people at risk for both CVD and type 2 diabetes. Metabolic syndrome is defined* as the presence of any ...
<s> [INST] How to diagnose Insulin Resistance and Prediabetes ?[/INST] Health care providers use blood tests to determine whether a person has prediabetes, but they do not usually test specifically for insulin resistance. Insulin resistance can be assessed by measuring the level of insulin in the blood. ...
<s> [INST] What to do for Insulin Resistance and Prediabetes ?[/INST] Adopting healthy eating habits can help people lose a modest amount of weight and reverse insulin resistance. Experts encourage people to slowly adopt healthy eating habits that they can maintain, rather than trying extreme weight-loss solutions. Peo...
<s> [INST] What to do for Insulin Resistance and Prediabetes ?[/INST] - Insulin is a hormone that helps cells throughout the body absorb glucose and use it for energy. Insulin resistance is a condition in which the body produces insulin but does not use it effectively. - Insulin resistance increases the risk of develo...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Amyloidosis and Kidney Disease ?[/INST] Amyloidosis is a rare disease that occurs when amyloid proteins are deposited in tissues and organs. Amyloid proteins are abnormal proteins that the body cannot break down and recycle, as it does with normal proteins. When amyloid proteins clump together,...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Amyloidosis and Kidney Disease ?[/INST] The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist. They are located just below the rib cage, one on each side of the spine. Every day, the two kidneys filter about 120 to 150 quarts of blood to produce about 1 to 2 quarts of urine, com...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Amyloidosis and Kidney Disease ?[/INST] Primary amyloidosis and dialysis-related amyloidosis are the types of amyloidosis that can affect the kidneys. Primary Amyloidosis of the Kidneys The kidneys are the organs most commonly affected by primary amyloidosis. A...
<s> [INST] What are the symptoms of Amyloidosis and Kidney Disease ?[/INST] The most common sign of primary amyloidosis of the kidneys is nephrotic syndromea collection of signs that indicate kidney damage. The signs of nephrotic syndrome include - albuminuriaan increased amount of albumin, a protein, ...
<s> [INST] What are the symptoms of Amyloidosis and Kidney Disease ?[/INST] The symptoms of dialysis-related amyloidosis may include - pain, stiffness, and fluid in the joints. - abnormal, fluid-containing sacs, called cysts, in some bones. - carpal tunnel syndrome, caused by unusual buildup of amylo...
<s> [INST] How to diagnose Amyloidosis and Kidney Disease ?[/INST] A health care provider diagnoses primary amyloidosis of the kidneys with - a medical and family history - a physical exam - urinalysis - blood tests - a kidney biopsy Medical and Family History Taki...
<s> [INST] How to diagnose Amyloidosis and Kidney Disease ?[/INST] A health care provider diagnoses dialysis-related amyloidosis with - urinalysis - blood tests - imaging tests A health care provider can use urinalysis and blood tests to detect the amount of amyloid proteins in urine...
<s> [INST] What are the treatments for Amyloidosis and Kidney Disease ?[/INST] A health care provider treats primary amyloidosis of the kidneys with the following: - medication therapy, including chemotherapy - a stem cell transplant - treating other conditions Medication therapy. Th...
<s> [INST] What are the treatments for Amyloidosis and Kidney Disease ?[/INST] A health care provider treats dialysis-related amyloidosis with - medication therapy - newer, more effective hemodialysis filters - surgery - a kidney transplant The goal of medication therapy and the use...
<s> [INST] What to do for Amyloidosis and Kidney Disease ?[/INST] Researchers have not found that eating, diet, and nutrition play a role in causing or preventing primary amyloidosis of the kidneys or dialysis-related amyloidosis. People with nephrotic syndrome may make dietary changes such as - limiti...
<s> [INST] What to do for Amyloidosis and Kidney Disease ?[/INST] - Amyloidosis is a rare disease that occurs when amyloid proteins are deposited in tissues and organs. - Primary amyloidosis and dialysis-related amyloidosis are the types of amyloidosis that can affect the kidneys. - The most common sign of primary am...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Amyloidosis and Kidney Disease ?[/INST] You and your doctor will work together to choose a treatment that's best for you. The publications of the NIDDK Kidney Failure Series can help you learn about the specific issues you will face. Booklets - What I need to k...
<s> [INST] What are the treatments for What I need to know about Living with Kidney Failure ?[/INST] Kidney failure means your kidneys no longer work well enough to do their job. You need treatment to replace the work your damaged kidneys have stopped doing. The treatments for kidney failure are - hemo...
<s> [INST] What are the treatments for What I need to know about Living with Kidney Failure ?[/INST] Learning about different treatments for kidney failure will help you choose the one that best fits your lifestyle. Talk with your doctor and people on hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis to learn about the pros and cons...
<s> [INST] What to do for What I need to know about Living with Kidney Failure ?[/INST] Eating the right foods can help you feel better when you are on dialysis or have a kidney transplant. Staying healthy with kidney failure requires watching how much of these elements are included in your diet: - Pro...
<s> [INST] What to do for What I need to know about Living with Kidney Failure ?[/INST] - Kidney failure means your kidneys no longer work well enough to do their job. - Learning about treatments for kidney failure will help you choose the one that best fits your lifestyle. - Many people with kidney failure continue ...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Diverticular Disease ?[/INST] Diverticular disease is a condition that occurs when a person has problems from small pouches, or sacs, that have formed and pushed outward through weak spots in the colon wall. Each pouch is called a diverticulum. Multiple pouches are called diverticula. ...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Diverticular Disease ?[/INST] When a person has diverticula that do not cause diverticulitis or diverticular bleeding, the condition is called diverticulosis. Most people with diverticulosis do not have symptoms. Some people with diverticulosis have constipation or diarrhea. People may also hav...
<s> [INST] What causes Diverticular Disease ?[/INST] Scientists are not certain what causes diverticulosis and diverticular disease. For more than 50 years, the most widely accepted theory was that a low-fiber diet led to diverticulosis and diverticular disease. Diverticulosis and diverticular disease were first notice...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Diverticular Disease ?[/INST] Fiber is a substance in foods that comes from plants. Fiber helps soften stool so it moves smoothly through the colon and is easier to pass. Soluble fiber dissolves in water and is found in beans, fruit, and oat products. Insoluble fiber does not dissolve in water ...
<s> [INST] Who is at risk for Diverticular Disease? ?[/INST] Diverticulosis becomes more common as people age, particularly in people older than age 50.3 Some people with diverticulosis develop diverticulitis, and the number of cases is increasing. Although diverticular disease is generally thought to be a condition fo...
<s> [INST] What are the symptoms of Diverticular Disease ?[/INST] People with diverticulitis may have many symptoms, the most common of which is pain in the lower left side of the abdomen. The pain is usually severe and comes on suddenly, though it can also be mild and then worsen over several days. The intensity of th...
<s> [INST] How to diagnose Diverticular Disease ?[/INST] Diverticulosis Health care providers often find diverticulosis during a routine x ray or a colonoscopy, a test used to look inside the rectum and entire colon to screen for colon cancer or polyps or to evaluate the source of rectal bleeding. ...
<s> [INST] What are the treatments for Diverticular Disease ?[/INST] A health care provider may treat the symptoms of diverticulosis with a high-fiber diet or fiber supplements, medications, and possibly probiotics. Treatment for diverticular disease varies, depending on whether a person has diverticulitis or diverticu...
<s> [INST] What are the treatments for Diverticular Disease ?[/INST] Diverticulitis can attack suddenly and cause complications, such as - an abscessa painful, swollen, pus-filled area just outside the colon wallcaused by infection - a perforationa small tear or hole in the diverticula - peritonitisi...
<s> [INST] What to do for Diverticular Disease ?[/INST] The Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010, recommends a dietary fiber intake of 14 grams per 1,000 calories consumed. For instance, for a 2,000-calorie diet, the fiber recommendation is 28 grams per day. The amount of fiber in a food is listed on the foods nutrit...
<s> [INST] What to do for Diverticular Disease ?[/INST] - Diverticular disease is a condition that occurs when a person has problems from small pouches, or sacs, that have formed and pushed outward through weak spots in the colon wall. The problems that occur with diverticular disease include diverticulitis and diverti...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction ?[/INST] Intestinal pseudo-obstruction is a rare condition with symptoms that resemble those caused by a blockage, or obstruction, of the intestines, also called the bowel. However, when a health care provider examines the intestines, no blockage exists. Instead, t...
<s> [INST] What causes Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction ?[/INST] Problems with nerves, muscles, or interstitial cells of Cajal cause intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Interstitial cells of Cajal are called pacemaker cells because they set the pace of intestinal contractions. These cells convey messages from nerves to muscles...
<s> [INST] What are the symptoms of Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction ?[/INST] Intestinal pseudo-obstruction symptoms may include - abdominal swelling or bloating, also called distension - abdominal pain - nausea - vomiting - constipation - diarrhea Over time, the condition can cause ...
<s> [INST] How to diagnose Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction ?[/INST] To diagnose intestinal pseudo-obstruction, a health care provider may suggest the person consult a gastroenterologista doctor who specializes in digestive diseases. A health care provider will perform a physical exam; take a complete medical history, ima...
<s> [INST] What are the treatments for Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction ?[/INST] A health care provider will treat intestinal pseudo-obstruction with nutritional support, medications, and, in some cases, decompression. Rarely, a person will need surgery. If an illness, a medication, or both cause intestinal pseudo-obstruc...
<s> [INST] What to do for Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction ?[/INST] Researchers have not found that eating, diet, and nutrition play a role in causing or preventing intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Following special diets usually does not help improve the disorder. However, eating frequent, small meals with pureed foods or ...
<s> [INST] What to do for Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction ?[/INST] - Intestinal pseudo-obstruction is a rare condition with symptoms that resemble those caused by a blockage, or obstruction, of the intestines, also called the bowel. However, when a health care provider examines the intestines, no blockage exists. Instead...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Acromegaly ?[/INST] Acromegaly is a hormonal disorder that results from too much growth hormone (GH) in the body. The pituitary, a small gland in the brain, makes GH. In acromegaly, the pituitary produces excessive amounts of GH. Usually the excess GH comes from benign, or noncancerous, tumors ...
<s> [INST] What are the symptoms of Acromegaly ?[/INST] The name acromegaly comes from the Greek words for "extremities" and "enlargement," reflecting one of its most common symptomsthe abnormal growth of the hands and feet. Swelling of the hands and feet is often an early feature, with patients noticing a change in ri...
<s> [INST] What causes Acromegaly ?[/INST] Acromegaly is caused by prolonged overproduction of GH by the pituitary gland. The pituitary produces several important hormones that control body functions such as growth and development, reproduction, and metabolism. But hormones never seem to act simply and directly. They u...
<s> [INST] How many people are affected by Acromegaly ?[/INST] Small pituitary adenomas are common, affecting about 17 percent of the population.1 However, research suggests most of these tumors do not cause symptoms and rarely produce excess GH.2 Scientists estimate that three to four out of every million people devel...
<s> [INST] How to diagnose Acromegaly ?[/INST] Blood tests If acromegaly is suspected, a doctor must measure the GH level in a persons blood to determine if it is elevated. However, a single measurement of an elevated blood GH level is not enough to diagnose acromegaly: Because GH is secreted by the pi...
<s> [INST] What are the treatments for Acromegaly ?[/INST] Currently, treatment options include surgical removal of the tumor, medical therapy, and radiation therapy of the pituitary. Goals of treatment are to - reduce excess hormone production to normal levels - relieve the pressure ...
<s> [INST] What are the treatments for Acromegaly ?[/INST] Currently, treatment options include surgical removal of the tumor, medical therapy, and radiation therapy of the pituitary. Goals of treatment are to - reduce excess hormone production to normal levels - relieve the pressure ...
<s> [INST] What are the treatments for Acromegaly ?[/INST] No single treatment is effective for all patients. Treatment should be individualized, and often combined, depending on patient characteristics such as age and tumor size. If the tumor has not yet invaded surrounding nonpituitary tissues, remov...
<s> [INST] What to do for Acromegaly ?[/INST] - Acromegaly is a hormonal disorder that results from too much growth hormone (GH) in the body. - In most people with acromegaly, a benign tumor of the pituitary gland produces excess GH. - Common features of acromegaly include abnormal growth of the hands and feet; bone ...
<s> [INST] What is (are) What I need to know about Cirrhosis ?[/INST] Cirrhosis* is scarring of the liver. Scar tissue forms because of injury or long-term disease. Scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue and blocks the normal flow of blood through the liver. A healthy liver - makes ...