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<s> [INST] What are the symptoms of Proteinuria ?[/INST] Proteinuria has no signs or symptoms in the early stages. Large amounts of protein in the urine may cause it to look foamy in the toilet. Also, because protein has left the body, the blood can no longer soak up enough fluid, so swelling in the hands, feet, abdome...
<s> [INST] How to diagnose Proteinuria ?[/INST] Until recently, an accurate protein measurement required a 24-hour urine collection. In a 24-hour collection, the patient urinates into a container, which is kept refrigerated between trips to the bathroom. The patient is instructed to begin collecting urine after the fir...
<s> [INST] How to diagnose Proteinuria ?[/INST] Tests that measure the amount of creatinine in the blood will show whether a persons kidneys are removing wastes efficiently. Having too much creatinine in the blood is a sign that a person has kidney damage. The doctor can use the creatinine measurement to estimate how e...
<s> [INST] What to do for Proteinuria ?[/INST] - Proteinuria is a condition in which urine contains a detectable amount of protein. - Proteinuria is a sign of chronic kidney disease (CKD). - Groups at risk for proteinuria include African Americans, American Indians, Hispanics/Latinos, Pacific Islander Americans, olde...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults ?[/INST] Nephrotic syndrome is a collection of symptoms that indicate kidney damage. Nephrotic syndrome includes the following: - proteinurialarge amounts of protein in the urine - hyperlipidemiahigher than normal fat and cholesterol levels in the ...
<s> [INST] What causes Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults ?[/INST] Nephrotic syndrome can be caused by diseases that affect only the kidneys, such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) or membranous nephropathy. Diseases that affect only the kidneys are called primary causes of nephrotic syndrome. The glomeruli are us...
<s> [INST] What are the symptoms of Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults ?[/INST] In addition to proteinuria, hyperlipidemia, edema, and hypoalbumina, people with nephrotic syndrome may experience - weight gain - fatigue - foamy urine - loss of appetite</s>
<s> [INST] What are the complications of Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults ?[/INST] The loss of different proteins from the body can lead to a variety of complications in people with nephrotic syndrome. Blood clots can form when proteins that normally prevent them are lost through the urine. Blood clots can block the flow o...
<s> [INST] How to diagnose Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults ?[/INST] Urine samples are taken to diagnose people suspected of having nephrotic syndrome. Nephrotic syndrome is diagnosed when large amounts of protein are found in the urine. The blood protein albumin makes up much of the protein that is lost, ...
<s> [INST] What are the treatments for Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults ?[/INST] Treating nephrotic syndrome includes addressing the underlying cause as well as taking steps to reduce high blood pressure, edema, high cholesterol, and the risks of infection. Treatment usually includes medications and changes in diet. ...
<s> [INST] What to do for Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults ?[/INST] Eating, diet, and nutrition have not been shown to play a role in causing or preventing nephrotic syndrome in adults. For people who have developed nephrotic syndrome, limiting intake of dietary sodium, often from salt, and fluid may be recommended to help...
<s> [INST] What to do for Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults ?[/INST] - Nephrotic syndrome includes the following: - proteinurialarge amounts of protein in the urine - hyperlipidemiahigher than normal fat and cholesterol levels in the blood - edema, or swelling, usually in the legs, feet, or ankles and less often ...
<s> [INST] What is (are) What I need to know about Diarrhea ?[/INST] Diarrhea is frequent, loose, and watery bowel movements. Bowel movements, also called stools, are body wastes passed through the rectum and anus. Stools contain what is left after your digestive system absorbs nutrients and fluids from what you eat an...
<s> [INST] What causes What I need to know about Diarrhea ?[/INST] Causes of diarrhea include - bacteria from contaminated food or water - viruses that cause illnesses such as the flu - parasites, which are tiny organisms found in contaminated food or water - medicines such as antibiotics - problem...
<s> [INST] What are the symptoms of What I need to know about Diarrhea ?[/INST] In addition to passing frequent, loose stools, other possible symptoms include - cramps or pain in the abdomenthe area between the chest and hips - an urgent need to use the bathroom - loss of bowel control ...
<s> [INST] How to diagnose What I need to know about Diarrhea ?[/INST] To find the cause of diarrhea, the health care provider may - perform a physical exam - ask about any medicines you are taking - test your stool or blood to look for bacteria, parasites, or other signs of disease or infection - a...
<s> [INST] What are the treatments for What I need to know about Diarrhea ?[/INST] Diarrhea is treated by replacing lost fluids, salts, and minerals to prevent dehydration. Taking medicine to stop diarrhea can be helpful in some cases. Medicines you can buy over the counter without a prescription inclu...
<s> [INST] What to do for What I need to know about Diarrhea ?[/INST] To prevent dehydration when you have diarrhea, it is important to drink plenty of water, but you also need to drink fluids that contain sodium, chloride, and potassium. - Adults should drink water, fruit juices, sports drinks, sodas ...
<s> [INST] How to prevent What I need to know about Diarrhea ?[/INST] Two types of diarrhea can be preventedrotavirus diarrhea and travelers diarrhea. Rotavirus Diarrhea Two vaccines, RotaTeq and Rotarix, protect against rotavirusa common virus that causes diarrhea in babies and childr...
<s> [INST] What to do for What I need to know about Diarrhea ?[/INST] - Diarrhea is frequent, loose, and watery bowel movements. - Acute diarrhea is a common problem. It usually lasts only 1 or 2 days, but it may last longer. - Being dehydrated means your body does not have enough fluid to work properly. Dehydration ...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Alagille Syndrome ?[/INST] Alagille syndrome is a genetic condition that results in various symptoms in different parts of the body, including the liver. A person with Alagille syndrome has fewer than the normal number of small bile ducts inside the liver. The liver is the organ in the abdoment...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Alagille Syndrome ?[/INST] The digestive system is made up of the gastrointestinal (GI) tractalso called the digestive tractand the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. The GI tract is a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus. The hollow organs that make...
<s> [INST] What causes Alagille Syndrome ?[/INST] Alagille syndrome is caused by a gene mutation, or defect. Genes provide instructions for making proteins in the body. A gene mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the material inside cells that carrie...
<s> [INST] How many people are affected by Alagille Syndrome ?[/INST] Alagille syndrome occurs in about one of every 30,000 live births.3 The disorder affects both sexes equally and shows no geographical, racial, or ethnic preferences. JAG1 and NOTCH2 gene mutations are inherited in an autosomal domina...
<s> [INST] What are the symptoms of Alagille Syndrome ?[/INST] The signs and symptoms of Alagille syndrome and their severity vary, even among people in the same family sharing the same gene mutation. Liver In some people, problems in the liver may be the first signs and symptoms of th...
<s> [INST] What are the complications of Alagille Syndrome ?[/INST] The complications of Alagille syndrome include liver failure, portal hypertension, and growth problems. People with Alagille syndrome usually have a combination of complications, and may not have every complication listed below. Liver ...
<s> [INST] How to diagnose Alagille Syndrome ?[/INST] A health care provider diagnoses Alagille syndrome by performing a thorough physical exam and ordering one or more of the following tests and exams: - blood test - urinalysis - x ray - abdominal ultrasound - cardiology exam - slit-lamp exam - ...
<s> [INST] What are the treatments for Alagille Syndrome ?[/INST] Treatment for Alagille syndrome includes medications and therapies that increase the flow of bile from the liver, promote growth and development in infants' and children's bodies, correct nutritional deficiencies, and reduce the person's discomfort. Urso...
<s> [INST] How to prevent Alagille Syndrome ?[/INST] Scientists have not yet found a way to prevent Alagille syndrome. However, complications of the disorder can be managed with the help of health care providers. Routine visits with a health care team are needed to prevent complications from becoming worse.</s>
<s> [INST] What to do for Alagille Syndrome ?[/INST] Researchers have not found that eating, diet, and nutrition play a role in causing or preventing Alagille syndrome. However, these factors are important for people with Alagille syndrome, particularly children, who are malnourished, growing poorly, or have delayed pu...
<s> [INST] What to do for Alagille Syndrome ?[/INST] - Alagille syndrome is a genetic condition that results in various symptoms in different parts of the body, including the liver. - A person with Alagille syndrome has fewer than the normal number of small bile ducts inside the liver. - In people with Alagille syndr...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your heart and blood vessels healthy ?[/INST] Too much glucose in the blood for a long time can cause diabetes problems. This high blood glucose, also called blood sugar, can damage many parts of the body, such as the heart, blood vessels, eyes, and kidneys. Hear...
<s> [INST] How to prevent Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your heart and blood vessels healthy ?[/INST] You can do a lot to prevent heart disease and stroke. - Keep your blood glucose under control. You can see if your blood glucose is under control by having an A1C test at least twice a year. The A1C ...
<s> [INST] What are the symptoms of Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your heart and blood vessels healthy ?[/INST] You may have one or more of the following warning signs: - chest pain or discomfort - pain or discomfort in your arms, back, jaw, or neck - indigestion or stomach pain - shortness of bre...
<s> [INST] What causes Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your heart and blood vessels healthy ?[/INST] Narrowed blood vessels leave a smaller opening for blood to flow through. Having narrowed blood vessels is like turning on a garden hose and holding your thumb over the opening. The smaller opening makes the water shoot...
<s> [INST] What are the symptoms of Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your heart and blood vessels healthy ?[/INST] A stroke happens when part of your brain is not getting enough blood and stops working. Depending on the part of the brain that is damaged, a stroke can cause - sudden weakness or numbness ...
<s> [INST] How to prevent Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your heart and blood vessels healthy ?[/INST] - Don't smoke. - Keep blood glucose and blood pressure under control. - Keep blood fats close to normal. - Be physically active. - Ask your doctor if you should take aspirin every day. You also m...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Primary Hyperparathyroidism ?[/INST] Primary hyperparathyroidism is a disorder of the parathyroid glands, also called parathyroids. Primary means this disorder originates in the parathyroid glands. In primary hyperparathyroidism, one or more of the parathyroid glands are overactive. As a result...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Primary Hyperparathyroidism ?[/INST] The parathyroid glands are four pea-sized glands located on or near the thyroid gland in the neck. Occasionally, a person is born with one or more of the parathyroid glands in another location. For example, a gland may be embedded in the thyroid, in the thym...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Primary Hyperparathyroidism ?[/INST] High PTH levels trigger the bones to release increased amounts of calcium into the blood, causing blood calcium levels to rise above normal. The loss of calcium from bones may weaken the bones. Also, the small intestine may absorb more calcium from food, add...
<s> [INST] What causes Primary Hyperparathyroidism ?[/INST] In about 80 percent of people with primary hyperparathyroidism, a benign, or noncancerous, tumor called an adenoma has formed in one of the parathyroid glands.2 The tumor causes the gland to become overactive. In most other cases, the excess hormone comes from...
<s> [INST] What are the symptoms of Primary Hyperparathyroidism ?[/INST] Most people with primary hyperparathyroidism have no symptoms. When symptoms appear, they are often mild and nonspecific, such as - muscle weakness - fatigue and an increased need for sleep - feelings of depression - aches and ...
<s> [INST] How to diagnose Primary Hyperparathyroidism ?[/INST] Health care providers diagnose primary hyperparathyroidism when a person has high blood calcium and PTH levels. High blood calcium is usually the first sign that leads health care providers to suspect parathyroid gland overactivity. Other diseases can caus...
<s> [INST] How to diagnose Primary Hyperparathyroidism ?[/INST] Once the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism is established, other tests may be done to assess complications: - Bone mineral density test. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, sometimes called a DXA or DEXA scan, uses low-dose x rays to ...
<s> [INST] What are the treatments for Primary Hyperparathyroidism ?[/INST] Surgery Surgery to remove the overactive parathyroid gland or glands is the only definitive treatment for the disorder, particularly if the patient has a very high blood calcium level or has had a fracture or a kidney stone. In...
<s> [INST] What to do for Primary Hyperparathyroidism ?[/INST] Eating, diet, and nutrition have not been shown to play a role in causing or preventing primary hyperparathyroidism. Vitamin D. Experts suggest correcting vitamin D deficiency in people with primary hyperparathyroidism to achieve a serum le...
<s> [INST] What to do for Primary Hyperparathyroidism ?[/INST] - Primary hyperparathyroidism is a disorder of the parathyroid glands, in which one or more of the parathyroid glands are overactive. As a result, the gland releases too much parathyroid hormone (PTH). - High PTH levels trigger the bones to release increas...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Urinary Incontinence in Men ?[/INST] Urinary incontinence is the loss of bladder control, resulting in the accidental leakage of urine from the body. For example, a man may feel a strong, sudden need, or urgency, to urinate just before losing a large amount of urine, called urgency incontinence...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Urinary Incontinence in Men ?[/INST] The urinary tract is the bodys drainage system for removing urine, which is composed of wastes and extra fluid. In order for normal urination to occur, all parts in the urinary tract need to work together in the correct order. Kidneys. The k...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Urinary Incontinence in Men ?[/INST] The prostate is a walnut-shaped gland that is part of the male reproductive system. The prostate has two or more lobes, or sections, enclosed by an outer layer of tissue. Located in front of the rectum and just below the bladder, the prostate surrounds the u...
<s> [INST] What causes Urinary Incontinence in Men ?[/INST] Urinary incontinence in men results when the brain does not properly signal the bladder, the sphincters do not squeeze strongly enough, or both. The bladder muscle may contract too much or not enough because of a problem with the muscle itself or the nerves co...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Urinary Incontinence in Men ?[/INST] The types of UI in men include - urgency incontinence - stress incontinence - functional incontinence - overflow incontinence - transient incontinence Urgency Incontinence Urgency incontinence happens wh...
<s> [INST] How many people are affected by Urinary Incontinence in Men ?[/INST] Urinary incontinence occurs in 11 to 34 percent of older men. Two to 11 percent of older men report daily UI.1 Although more women than men develop UI, the chances of a man developing UI increase with age because he is more likely to develo...
<s> [INST] How to diagnose Urinary Incontinence in Men ?[/INST] Men should tell a health care professional, such as a family practice physician, a nurse, an internist, or a urologista doctor who specializes in urinary problemsthey have UI, even if they feel embarrassed. To diagnose UI, the health care professional will...
<s> [INST] What are the treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Men ?[/INST] Treatment depends on the type of UI. Urgency Incontinence As a first line of therapy for urgency incontinence, a health care professional may recommend the following techniques to treat a mans problem: ...
<s> [INST] How to prevent Urinary Incontinence in Men ?[/INST] People who smoke should stop. Quitting smoking at any age promotes bladder health and overall health. Smoking increases a persons chance of developing stress incontinence, as it increases coughing. Some people say smoking worsens their bladder irritation. S...
<s> [INST] What to do for Urinary Incontinence in Men ?[/INST] - Urinary incontinence (UI) is the loss of bladder control, resulting in the accidental leakage of urine from the body. - The urinary tract is the bodys drainage system for removing urine, which is composed of wastes and extra fluid. - Every day, the kidn...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Pregnancy and Thyroid Disease ?[/INST] Thyroid disease is a disorder that affects the thyroid gland. Sometimes the body produces too much or too little thyroid hormone. Thyroid hormones regulate metabolismthe way the body uses energyand affect nearly every organ in the body. Too much thyroid ho...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Pregnancy and Thyroid Disease ?[/INST] The thyroid is a 2-inch-long, butterfly-shaped gland weighing less than 1 ounce. Located in the front of the neck below the larynx, or voice box, it has two lobes, one on either side of the windpipe. The thyroid is one of the glands that make up the endocr...
<s> [INST] What to do for Pregnancy and Thyroid Disease ?[/INST] During pregnancy, the body requires higher amounts of some nutrients to support the health of the mother and growing baby. Experts recommend pregnant women maintain a balanced diet and take a prenatal multivitamin and mineral supplement containing iodine ...
<s> [INST] What to do for Pregnancy and Thyroid Disease ?[/INST] - Thyroid disease is a disorder that results when the thyroid gland produces more or less thyroid hormone than the body needs. - Pregnancy causes normal changes in thyroid function but can also lead to thyroid disease. - Uncontrolled hyperthyroidism dur...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Henoch-Schnlein Purpura ?[/INST] Henoch-Schnlein purpura is a disease that causes small blood vessels in the body to become inflamed and leak. The primary symptom is a rash that looks like many small raised bruises. HSP can also affect the kidneys, digestive tract, and joints. HSP can occur any...
<s> [INST] What causes Henoch-Schnlein Purpura ?[/INST] Henoch-Schnlein purpura is caused by an abnormal immune system response in which the bodys immune system attacks the bodys own cells and organs. Usually, the immune system makes antibodies, or proteins, to protect the body from foreign substances such as bacteria ...
<s> [INST] What are the symptoms of Henoch-Schnlein Purpura ?[/INST] The symptoms of HSP include the following: - Rash. Leaking blood vessels in the skin cause a rash that looks like bruises or small red dots on the legs, arms, and buttocks. The rash may first look like hives and then change to look li...
<s> [INST] What are the complications of Henoch-Schnlein Purpura ?[/INST] In children, the risk of kidney damage leading to long-term problems may be as high as 15 percent, but kidney failure affects only about 1 percent of children with HSP.1 Up to 40 percent of adults with HSP will have CKD or kidney failure within 1...
<s> [INST] How to diagnose Henoch-Schnlein Purpura ?[/INST] A diagnosis of HSP is suspected when a person has the characteristic rash and one of the following: - abdominal pain - joint pain - antibody deposits on the skin - hematuria or proteinuria Antibody deposits on the skin can ...
<s> [INST] What are the treatments for Henoch-Schnlein Purpura ?[/INST] No specific treatment for HSP exists. The main goal of treatment is to relieve symptoms such as joint pain, abdominal pain, and swelling. People with kidney involvement may receive treatment aimed at preventing long-term kidney disease. ...
<s> [INST] What to do for Henoch-Schnlein Purpura ?[/INST] Eating, diet, and nutrition have not been shown to play a role in causing or preventing HSP.</s>
<s> [INST] What to do for Henoch-Schnlein Purpura ?[/INST] - Henoch-Schnlein purpura (HSP) is a disease that causes small blood vessels in the body to become inflamed and leak. - HSP is caused by an abnormal immune system response in which the bodys immune system attacks the bodys own cells and organs. The factors tha...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Glomerular Diseases ?[/INST] The two kidneys are bean-shaped organs located just below the rib cage, one on each side of the spine. Everyday, the two kidneys filter about 120 to 150 quarts of blood to produce about 1 to 2 quarts of urine, composed of wastes and extra fluid. Blo...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Glomerular Diseases ?[/INST] The two kidneys are bean-shaped organs located just below the rib cage, one on each side of the spine. Everyday, the two kidneys filter about 120 to 150 quarts of blood to produce about 1 to 2 quarts of urine, composed of wastes and extra fluid. Blo...
<s> [INST] What are the symptoms of Glomerular Diseases ?[/INST] The signs and symptoms of glomerular disease include - albuminuria: large amounts of protein in the urine - hematuria: blood in the urine - reduced glomerular filtration rate: inefficient filtering of wastes from the blood - hypoprotei...
<s> [INST] How to diagnose Glomerular Diseases ?[/INST] Patients with glomerular disease have significant amounts of protein in the urine, which may be referred to as "nephrotic range" if levels are very high. Red blood cells in the urine are a frequent finding as well, particularly in some forms of glomerular disease....
<s> [INST] How to diagnose Glomerular Diseases ?[/INST] Patients with glomerular disease have significant amounts of protein in the urine, which may be referred to as "nephrotic range" if levels are very high. Red blood cells in the urine are a frequent finding as well, particularly in some forms of glomerular disease....
<s> [INST] What causes Glomerular Diseases ?[/INST] A number of different diseases can result in glomerular disease. It may be the direct result of an infection or a drug toxic to the kidneys, or it may result from a disease that affects the entire body, like diabetes or lupus. Many different kinds of diseases can caus...
<s> [INST] What causes Glomerular Diseases ?[/INST] A number of different diseases can result in glomerular disease. It may be the direct result of an infection or a drug toxic to the kidneys, or it may result from a disease that affects the entire body, like diabetes or lupus. Many different kinds of diseases can caus...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Glomerular Diseases ?[/INST] Renal failure is any acute or chronic loss of kidney function and is the term used when some kidney function remains. Total kidney failure, sometimes called end-stage renal disease (ESRD), indicates permanent loss of kidney function. Depending on the form of glomeru...
<s> [INST] What to do for Glomerular Diseases ?[/INST] - The kidneys filter waste and extra fluid from the blood. - The filtering process takes place in the nephron, where microscopic blood vessel filters, called glomeruli, are attached to fluid-collecting tubules. - A number of different disease processes can damage...
<s> [INST] What to do for Glomerular Diseases ?[/INST] - The kidneys filter waste and extra fluid from the blood. - The filtering process takes place in the nephron, where microscopic blood vessel filters, called glomeruli, are attached to fluid-collecting tubules. - A number of different disease processes can damage...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Prolactinoma ?[/INST] A prolactinoma is a benign noncancerous tumor of the pituitary gland that produces a hormone called prolactin. Prolactinomas are the most common type of pituitary tumor. Symptoms of prolactinoma are caused by hyperprolactinemia --- too much prolactin in the blood --- or by...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Prolactinoma ?[/INST] The pituitary gland, sometimes called the master gland, plays a critical role in regulating growth and development, metabolism, and reproduction. It produces prolactin and other key hormones including - growth hormone, which regulates growth - adrenocorti...
<s> [INST] How many people are affected by Prolactinoma ?[/INST] Although small benign pituitary tumors are fairly common in the general population, symptomatic prolactinomas are uncommon. Prolactinomas occur more often in women than men and rarely occur in children.</s>
<s> [INST] What are the symptoms of Prolactinoma ?[/INST] In women, high levels of prolactin in the blood often cause infertility and changes in menstruation. In some women, periods may stop. In others, periods may become irregular or menstrual flow may change. Women who are not pregnant or nursing may begin producing ...
<s> [INST] What causes Prolactinoma ?[/INST] The cause of pituitary tumors remains largely unknown. Most pituitary tumors are sporadic, meaning they are not genetically passed from parents to their children.</s>
<s> [INST] What causes Prolactinoma ?[/INST] In some people, high blood levels of prolactin can be traced to causes other than prolactinoma. Prescription drugs. Prolactin secretion in the pituitary is normally suppressed by the brain chemical dopamine. Drugs that block the effects of dopamine at the pi...
<s> [INST] How to diagnose Prolactinoma ?[/INST] A doctor will test for prolactin blood levels in women with unexplained milk secretion, called galactorrhea, or with irregular menses or infertility and in men with impaired sexual function and, in rare cases, milk secretion. If prolactin levels are high, a doctor will t...
<s> [INST] What are the treatments for Prolactinoma ?[/INST] The goals of treatment are to return prolactin secretion to normal, reduce tumor size, correct any visual abnormalities, and restore normal pituitary function. In the case of large tumors, only partial achievement of these goals may be possible. ...
<s> [INST] Who is at risk for Prolactinoma? ?[/INST] Women whose ovaries produce inadequate estrogen are at increased risk for osteoporosis. Hyperprolactinemia can reduce estrogen production. Although estrogen production may be restored after treatment for hyperprolactinemia, even a year or 2 without estrogen can compr...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Perineal Injury in Males ?[/INST] Perineal injury is an injury to the perineum, the part of the body between the anus and the genitals, or sex organs. In males, the perineum is the area between the anus and the scrotum, the external pouch of skin that holds the testicles. Injuries to the perine...
<s> [INST] What are the complications of Perineal Injury in Males ?[/INST] Injury to the blood vessels, nerves, and muscles in the perineum can lead to complications such as - bladder control problems - sexual problems Bladder control problems. The nerves in the perineum carry signals...
<s> [INST] What causes Perineal Injury in Males ?[/INST] Common causes of acute perineal injury in males include - perineal surgery - straddle injuries - sexual abuse - impalement Perineal Surgery Acute perineal injury may result from surgical procedures that requir...
<s> [INST] What causes Perineal Injury in Males ?[/INST] Chronic perineal injury most often results from a job-or sport-related practicesuch as bike, motorcycle, or horseback ridingor a long-term condition such as chronic constipation. Bike Riding Sitting on a narrow, saddle-style bike...
<s> [INST] Who is at risk for Perineal Injury in Males? ?[/INST] Men who have perineal surgery are most likely to have an acute perineal injury. Straddle injuries are most common among people who ride motorcycles, bikes, or horses and children who use playground equipment. Impalement injuries are most common in militar...
<s> [INST] What are the treatments for Perineal Injury in Males ?[/INST] Treatments for perineal injury vary with the severity and type of injury. Tears or incisions may require stitches. Traumatic or piercing injuries may require surgery to repair damaged pelvic floor muscles, blood vessels, and nerves. Treatment for ...
<s> [INST] How to prevent Perineal Injury in Males ?[/INST] Preventing perineal injury requires being aware of and taking steps to minimize the dangers of activities such as construction work or bike riding: - People should talk with their health care provider about the benefits and risks of perineal s...
<s> [INST] What to do for Perineal Injury in Males ?[/INST] To prevent constipation, a diet with 20 to 35 grams of fiber each day helps the body form soft, bulky stool that is easier to pass. High-fiber foods include beans, whole grains and bran cereals, fresh fruits, and vegetables such as asparagus, brussels sprouts,...
<s> [INST] What to do for Perineal Injury in Males ?[/INST] - Perineal injury is an injury to the perineum, the part of the body between the anus and the genitals, or sex organs. In males, the perineum is the area between the anus and the scrotum, the external pouch of skin that holds the testicles. - Injury to the bl...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Solitary Kidney ?[/INST] When a person has only one kidney or one working kidney, this kidney is called a solitary kidney. The three main causes of a solitary kidney are - birth defects. People with kidney agenesis are born with only one kidney. People born with kidney dysplasi...
<s> [INST] What is (are) Solitary Kidney ?[/INST] The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist. They are located just below the rib cage, one on each side of the spine. Every day, the kidneys filter about 120 to 150 quarts of blood to produce about 1 to 2 quarts of urine, composed of wastes and...
<s> [INST] What to do for Solitary Kidney ?[/INST] People with a solitary kidney do not need to eat a special diet. However, people with reduced kidney function may need to make changes to their diet to slow the progression of kidney disease. More information about recommended dietary changes is provided in the NIDDK h...