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9753719 | Does SINE evolution preclude Alu function? | The evolution, mobility and deleterious genetic effects of human Alus are fairly well understood. The complexity of regulated transcriptional expression of Alus is becoming apparent and insight into the mechanism of retrotransposition is emerging. Unresolved questions concern why mobile, highly repetitive short intersp... |
9746541 | A DNA self-assembled monolayer for the specific attachment of unmodified double- or single-stranded DNA. | A novel method for DNA surface immobilization and a paradigm for the attachment of unmodified DNA of any length or sequence are described herein. The development of a DNA self-assembled monolayer (DNA-SAM) that incorporates a DNA-thiol into a monolayer of inert alkane thiolates is reported. This DNA-SAM specifically hy... |
9746527 | Filipin-induced lesions in planar phospholipid bilayers imaged by atomic force microscopy. | Filipin is a macrolide polyene with antifungal activity belonging to the same family of antibiotics as amphotericin B and nystatin. Despite the spectroscopy and electron microscopy studies of its interaction with natural membranes and membrane model systems, several aspects of its biochemical action, such as the role o... |
9746581 | Functional analyses of a conserved region in glucosyltransferases of Streptococcus mutans. | Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferases (GTFs; GtfB, -C, and -D) synthesize water-soluble and -insoluble glucan polymers from sucrose. We have identified previously a conserved region of 19 amino acids (aa) (Gtf-P1; aa 409 to 427 of GtfB and aa 435 to 453 of GtfC) which is functionally important for both enzymatic ac... |
9748436 | Limonene-1,2-epoxide hydrolase from Rhodococcus erythropolis DCL14 belongs to a novel class of epoxide hydrolases. | An epoxide hydrolase from Rhodococcus erythropolis DCL14 catalyzes the hydrolysis of limonene-1,2-epoxide to limonene-1,2-diol. The enzyme is induced when R. erythropolis is grown on monoterpenes, reflecting its role in the limonene degradation pathway of this microorganism. Limonene-1,2-epoxide hydrolase was purified ... |
9747170 | Increased serum interleukin-8: correlation with poor prognosis in patients with postoperative multiple organ failure. | This study investigated whether cytokines and colony-stimulating factors can predict prognosis in patients with postoperative multiple organ failure (MOF). We evaluated 14 patients with postoperative MOF who underwent operation for cardiovascular disease. Seven patients recovered from MOF (survivors) and seven did not ... |
9742247 | Analysis of the subunit assembly of the typeIC restriction-modification enzyme EcoR124I. | Type I restriction-modification (R-M) enzymes are composed of three different subunits, of which HsdS determines DNA specificity, HsdM is responsible for DNA methylation and HsdR is required for restriction. The HsdM and HsdS subunits can also form an independent DNA methyltransferase with a subunit stoichiometry of M2... |
9742230 | Synthesis and pairing properties of oligoribonucleotide analogues containing a metal-binding site attached to beta-D-allofuranosyl cytosine. | A method for the facile preparation of oligoribonucleotide analogues containing beta-d-allofuranosyl nucleosides with additional functional groups tethered to the 6'-O positions is presented. It is based on the synthesis of two protected nucleosides carrying a 6'-O -bromopentyl and a 6'-O -methylaminopentyl substituent... |
9742229 | The use of diaminopurine to investigate structural properties of nucleic acids and molecular recognition between ligands and DNA. | 2,6-Diaminopurine (DAP) is an analogue of adenine which can be converted to nucleotides that serve as substrates for incorporation into nucleic acids by polymerases in place of (d)AMP. It pairs with thymidine (or uracil), engaging in three hydrogen bonds of the Watson-Crick type. The result of DAP incorporation is to a... |
9742208 | Insulin-stimulated expression of c-fos, fra1 and c-jun accompanies the activation of the activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcriptional complex. | The activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcriptional complex is made up of members of the Fos (c-Fos, FosB, Fra1, Fra2) and Jun (c-Jun, JunB, JunD) families and is stimulated by insulin in several cell types. The mechanism by which insulin activates this complex is not well understood but it is dependent on the activation of... |
9742097 | Hypersensitivity of Ku-deficient cells toward the DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor ICRF-193 suggests a novel role for Ku antigen during the G2 and M phases of the cell cycle. | Ku antigen is a heterodimer, comprised of 86- and 70-kDa subunits, which binds preferentially to free DNA ends. Ku is associated with a catalytic subunit of 450 kDa in the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), which plays a crucial role in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair and V(D)J recombination of immunoglobulin ... |
9738079 | Description of Gemella sanguinis sp. nov., isolated from human clinical specimens. | Six strains of a hitherto undescribed gram-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic coccus isolated from human sources were characterized by phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies demonstrated that the unknown strains were genealogically identical and consti... |
9733857 | Functional analysis of the human cytomegalovirus US28 gene by insertion mutagenesis with the green fluorescent protein gene. | The protein encoded by the US28 gene of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has homology to G protein-coupled receptors (GCR). Previous studies demonstrated that recombinant US28 protein can bind the beta class of chemokines (K. Neote, D. DiGregorio, J. Y. Mak, R. Horuk, and T. J. Schall, Cell 72:415-425, 1993) and induce a r... |
9733851 | Activation of the Epstein-Barr virus transcription factor BZLF1 by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced phosphorylation. | BZLF1 is a member of the extended AP-1 family of transcription factors which binds to specific BZLF1 sequence motifs within early Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) promoters and to closely related AP-1 motifs. BZLF1's activity is regulated at the transcriptional level as well as through protein interactions and posttranslationa... |
9730988 | Common and variant properties of intermediate filament proteins from lower chordates and vertebrates; two proteins from the tunicate Styela and the identification of a type III homologue. | The chordates combine the vertebrates and the invertebrate phyla of the cephalo- and urochordates (tunicates). Two cytoplasmic intermediate filament (IF) proteins of the urochordate Styela plicata are characterized by cDNA cloning, gene organization, tissue specific expression patterns in the adult animal and the self ... |
29711460 | A Tricyclic Polyamide Receptor for Carbohydrates in Organic Media. | The dissolution of glucose in chloroform is promoted by the receptor 1. Two biphenyl units and eight amide linkages line the cavity of 1, which was designed for complementarity to β-glucopyranosyl. Receptor 1 binds octyl glycosides with unusual affinities and stereoselectivities, even with methanol present as cosolvent... |
29711453 | Lithistid Sponges: Star Performers or Hosts to the Stars. | Extremely careful separation of the symbiotic bacteria from the cells of lithistid sponges has provided evidence that in the case of Theonella swinhoei the chemically diverse and biologically active metabolites, swinholide A and theopalauamide (1), are produced by symbionts. Marine sponges of the order Lithistida conta... |
29711452 | Covalent DNA-Streptavidin Conjugates as Building Blocks for Novel Biometallic Nanostructures. | Supramolecular aggregates of DNA, RNA, streptavidin, immunoglobulin, and nanocrystalline metal clusters can be generated by self-assembly on the basis of oligonucleotide hybridization (shown schematically). Following selective immunosorption on surface-immobilized antigen, the biometallic hybrid is detectable by electr... |
29711436 | From Random Coil to Extended Nanocylinder: Dendrimer Fragments Shape Polymer Chains. | Wedgelike dendrimer fragments, "dendrons", attached to linear polymers as side groups, can be used to create anisotropic "nanocylinders", leading to uncoiling and extension of the polymer chains. Synthetic macromolecules of this type can be visualized directly on surfaces and their contour length determined from scanni... |
29711434 | Cation-Induced Macroscopic Ordering of Non-Mesomorphic Modules-A New Application for Metallohelicates. | The subtle balance between organized and chaotic domains in the nondiscoidal ligand in the helicate 1, which displays liquid crystalline properties, represents the key element which enables the local molecular architecture to be integrated into an organized macroscopic ensemble. |
29710964 | Diastereoselective Ion Pairing of TRISPHAT Anions and Tris(4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine)iron(II). | Two configurationally stable, chiral anions (TRISPHAT, 1) behave as efficient hosts that control the configuration of a configurationally labile iron(II) complex as the guest with high diastereoselectivity (>96 % de) upon ion pairing. The diastereoselectivity increases with decreasing solvent polarity. |
29710961 | Toposelective and Chiroselective Self-Assembly of [2×2] Grid-Type Inorganic Arrays Containing Different Octahedral Metallic Centers. | The introduction of different metal ions in specific positions is achieved in the synthesis of [2×2] grid-type heterometallic complexes (see schematic representation; the black bars symbolize the ditopic ligands, and the circles the different metals ions). This novel method for the construction of inorganic architectur... |
29710958 | The Crystal Structure of a Potassium Channel- A New Era in the Chemistry of Biological Signaling. | The similarity to crown ethers is apparent when the arrangement of the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups of the protein backbone in the structure of the potassium channel (see schematic drawing of a section of the structure) found in the bacterium Streptomyces lividans is considered. This particular part of the chann... |
29710954 | Self-Organization of a Heteroditopic Molecule to Linear Polymolecular Arrays in Solution. | Like the proverbial monkey chain one heteroditopic self-complementary molecule, comprising a crown ether unit and a paraquat unit, catches a second such molecule in solution and thus by self-organization forms novel linear oligo- and polymolecular arrays (shown schematically; the crown ether unit is denoted by the elli... |
29710946 | Porphyrin Tessellation by Design: Metal-Mediated Self-Assembly of Large Arrays and Tapes. | Twenty-one components self-assemble to form the large (ca. 25 nm<sup>2</sup> ), planar porphyrin arrays of type 1: four dipyridylporphyrins, four tripyridylporphyrins, one tetrapyridylporphyrin, and twelve PdCl<sub>2</sub> units. |
29710945 | Synthesis of Hyperbranched Aminopolysaccharides. | Sugar dihydroozaxole monomers with two free hydroxyl groups undergo acid-catalyzed polymerization to hyperbranched aminopolysaccharides [Eq. (a)]. Their molecular weights were determined by the light-scattering method to be between 2.3×10<sup>5</sup> and 7.6×10<sup>5</sup> . The degree of branching determined by <sup>1... |
28076197 | A Method for the Removal of Chromium from Tanned Leather Wastes. | The separation of Cr(III) from collagen in chromium-tanned leather (wet-blue) is achieved by a combination of the protein (collagen) stabilization (protective cross-linking) and a subsequent labilization of the Cr(III) species bound to the protein. During the separation collagen retains the tertiary triple helical and ... |
21644714 | Capacitive Approach To Determine Phospholipase A(2) Activity toward Artificial and Natural Substrates. | A capacitive approach has been employed to develop a novel method to determine phospholipase activity. The sensing electrodes have a structure like Au/S(CH(2))(17)CH(3)/substrate/electrolyte. Hydrolysis of the substrate, mediated by phospholipase A(2), leads to the formation of water-soluble products from the insoluble... |
21644707 | Enantiomeric separation of sulfonium ions by capillary electrophoresis using neutral and charged cyclodextrins. | Capillary zone electrophoresis was successfully applied, for the first time, to the chiral separation of structurally related sulfonium ions, using sodium phosphate buffer pH 2.5 with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) or sulfated-β-cyclodextrin (S-β-CD) as the chiral selector with tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBA). For this study, ... |
16498487 | Activation energies for dissociation of double strand oligonucleotide anions: evidence for watson-crick base pairing in vacuo. | The dissociation kinetics of a series of complementary and noncomplementary DNA duplexes, (TGCA)(2) (3-), (CCGG)(2) (3-), (AATTAAT)(2) (3-), (CCGGCCG)(2) (3-), A(7)*T(7) (3-), A(7)*A(7) (3-), T(7)*T(7) (3-), and A(7)*C(7) (3-) were investigated using blackbody infrared radiative dissociation in a Fourier transform mass... |
10099371 | Large acceleration of alpha-chymotrypsin-catalyzed dipeptide formation by 18-crown-6 in organic solvents | The effects of 18-crown-6 on the synthesis of peptides catalyzed by alpha-chymotrypsin are reported. Lyophilization of the enzyme in the presence of 50 equivalents of 18-crown-6 results in a 425-fold enhanced activity when the reaction between the 2-chloroethylester of N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine and L-phenylalaninamide i... |
9751724 | Lipid patches in membrane protein oligomers: crystal structure of the bacteriorhodopsin-lipid complex. | Heterogenous nucleation on small molecule crystals causes a monoclinic crystal form of bacteriorhodopsin (BR) in which trimers of this membrane protein pack differently than in native purple membranes. Analysis of single crystals by nano-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry demonstrated a preservation of the purpl... |
11672262 | Synthesis of Tethered Trisaccharides To Probe Inter-Saccharide Flexibility in Carbohydrate-Protein Interactions. | Two crystal structures of the trisaccharide epitope alpha-D-Galp(1-->2)[alpha-D-Abep(1-->3)alpha-D-Manp1-->OCH(3) 1 bound to antibody Fab and single-chain Fv fragments have been used to guide the design of an intramolecular tether that constrains the trisaccharide ligand to conformations close to those of the bound sta... |
11672245 | A Synthetic Receptor Which Uses Multiple Edge-Face Interactions To Bind Aromatic Guests. | Host 1 binds bicyclic aromatic guests such as 6-nitro-2-naphthol 2, serotonin mimic 3, and stilbene-derivative 4 with high affinity. Competition studies were performed to determine the association constants for complexation of 2-4 by 1. Lower-affinity host 14 lacked the structural requirements to form edge-face contact... |
11670663 | Bi-, Tri-, and Tetranuclear Metallomacrocycles Constructed by Metal-Directed Reactions Involving Resorcinol or Hydroquinone or by Addition of Octahedral Metal Centers to Tetrahexylcalix[4]resorcinarene: X-ray Crystal Structure of syn,syn-[Mo{HB(3,5-Me(2)C(3)HN(2))(3)}(NO)(1,4-O(2)C(6)H(4))](3). | The reaction between [Mo(NO)(Tp)I(2)] [Tp(-) = hydrotris(pyrazol-1-yl)borate] and tetrahexylcalix[4]resorcinarene (resH(8)) affords a mixture of metalated macrocycles from which [{Mo(NO)(Tp)}(2)(resH(4))], [{Mo(NO)(Tp)}(3)(resH(2))], and [{Mo(NO)(Tp)}(4)(res)] can be isolated. In the solid state the tetrametalated comp... |
11670643 | Synthesis and Reactivity of Nickel(II) Complexes of the Pyridine-Based Phosphorus-Containing Macrocycle 6-Phenyl-15-aza-6-phospha-3,9- dithiabicyclo[9,3,1]pentadeca-1(15),11,13-triene. | The reactivity of the phosphomacrocycle 6-phenyl-15-aza-6-phospha-3,9-dithiabicyclo[9,3,1]pentadeca-1(15), 11,13-triene (L) toward different Ni(II) salts has been studied. The reaction of L with 1 molar equiv of Ni(II) perchlorate in acetonitrile solution gives the complex [Ni(L)(CH(3)CN)(2)](ClO(4))(2) (1), which crys... |
11670640 | 3D Extended Supramolecular Structures via H-Bonded Linkages of 2D Sheetlike or 1D Zigzag Coordination Polymers. | Two 3D supramolecular complexes [Cu(2)(trans-oxpn)(phth)](n)().2nH(2)O, 1, and [Cu(2)(trans-oxpn)(&mgr;-OH)(&mgr;-H(2)O)](n)()Br(n)().2nH(2)O, 2 [H(2)oxpn = N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)oxamide, phth = phthalate], were synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, thermal analyses, and magnetic measu... |
11670626 | Syntheses and Structure Determinations of Calcium Thiolates. | The exploration of synthetic methodologies toward heavy alkaline-earth chalcogenolates resulted in the preparation and structural characterization of a family of calcium thiolates, including [Ca(SC(6)F(5))(2)(py)(4)], 1 (py = pyridine), the separated ion-triple [Ca(18-crown-6)(NH(3))(3))][SMes](2).2THF, 2 (Mes = 2,4,6-... |
11670619 | Formation of Lanthanide and Actinide Oxonium Ion Complexes with Crown Ethers from a Liquid Clathrate Medium. | Reaction of MCl(3).nH(2)O (M = La, Eu) with 18-crown-6 in HCl/toluene affords the crystalline oxonium complexes (H(9)O(4))[LaCl(2)(H(2)O)(18-crown-6)]Cl(2) (1) and (H(3)O)[EuCl(H(2)O)(2)(18-crown-6)]Cl(2) (2). In complex 1 the H(9)O(4)(+) cation is of the unusual linear chain type with O.O contacts of 2.560(9), 2.430(9... |
11670608 | A Novel Mixed Macrocycle Complex of Nickel: Synthesis, Structure, and Redox Chemistry of [Ni(II)([9]aneN(3))([9]aneS(3))](ClO(4))(2).CHCl(3) ([9]aneN(3) = 1,4,7-Triazacyclononane and [9]aneS(3) = 1,4,7-Trithiacyclononane). | The mixed macrocycle cation, [Ni([9]aneN(3))([9]aneS(3))](2+) (where [9]aneN(3) = 1,4,7-triazacyclononane and [9]aneS(3) = 1,4,7-trithiacyclononane), has been prepared by stepwise complexation of [9]aneN(3) and [9]aneS(3), respectively, to Ni(II) cation. The intermediate [Ni([9]aneN(3))(CH(3)NO(2))(3)](2+) has been iso... |
11670603 | Synthesis and Electrochemistry of Tin(IV) Octaethylcorroles, (OEC)Sn(C(6)H(5)) and (OEC)SnCl. | Two Sn(IV) corroles were synthesized and electrochemically examined. The investigated compounds are represented as (OEC)Sn(C(6)H(5)) and (OEC)SnCl, where OEC = trianion of 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylcorrole. (OEC)Sn(C(6)H(5)) represents the first example of a sigma-bonded metallocorrole which does not undergo a metal... |
11670602 | Electronic, Spectral, and Electrochemical Properties of (TPPBr(x)())Zn Where TPPBr(x)() Is the Dianion of beta-Brominated-Pyrrole Tetraphenylporphyrin and x Varies from 0 to 8. | The electronic, spectral, and electrochemical characterization of (meso-tetraphenylporphyrinato)zinc(II) complexes bearing between 0 and 8 bromo substituents at the beta-pyrrole positions is reported. The investigated compounds are represented as (TPPBr(x)())Zn where TPPBr(x)() is the dianion of brominated 5,10,15,20-t... |
11670592 | Reactivity of the Verdoheme Analogues, 5-Oxaporphyrin Complexes of Cobalt(II) and Zinc(II), with Nucleophiles: Opening of the Planar Macrocycle by Alkoxide Addition To Form Helical Complexes. | The 5-oxaporphyrin macrocycle is a modified porphyrin (with an oxygen atom replacing a meso-methine unit) that is produced during heme degradation in biological and chemical systems. We have undertaken an investigation into the chemical reactivity of metal complexes of this macrocycle. Here we report that the diamagnet... |
11498924 | [Enantiomeric high performance liquid chromatographic separation of epinephrine and analogous using chiral mobile phase additives]. | The enantiomeric resolution of epinephrine, isoproterenol, ephedrine was studied by reversed phase HPLC. beta-CD, DM-beta-CD, TM-beta-CD were used as chiral mobile phase additives. The effects of the concentration of DM-beta-CD and the concentration of methanol on resolution of D,L-epinephrine were investigated. The re... |
11498915 | [Research on the separation behavior of acidic drugs in capillary electrophoresis with reversed direction of electroosmotic flow]. | The separation behavior of acidic drugs in capillary electrophoresis with reversal of electroosmotic flow was investigated systematically. Acetylsalicylic acid and its related compound salicylic acid were employed as objective drugs. The cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was used as reversed rea... |
11498914 | [Enantioseparation of chlorpheniramine and EMD-56431 by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography using deoxycholate salt and beta-cyclodextrin]. | Two chiral drugs of EMD-56431 and chlorpheniramine are separated by cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography using beta-cyclodextrin(beta-CD) and sodium deoxycholate(SDC) as selector in the paper. All the electrolytes in experiments contain 0.1 mol/L borate. The length of capillary is 45.0... |
10496151 | Optimized conditions for growth and fermentation of Helicobacter pylori. | This study attempted to optimize the growth conditions of Helicobacter pylori by comparing the growth of H. pylori in an anaerobic jar and an incubator. It was found that the primary isolation rate of H. pylori from gastric biopsies was higher in an anaerobic incubator (28/30) than in an anaerobic jar (21/30). In addit... |
10447237 | Solitary chemosensory cells in the developing chemoreceptorial epithelium of the vallate papilla. | The solitary chemosensory cells are considered typical of aquatic vertebrates and have never been described in the oral cavity of terrestrial vertebrates. We describe elements with ultrastructural characteristics of the solitary chemosensory cell in the gustatory epithelium of rats in the first week of extrauterine lif... |
9930065 | Human papillomavirus infection with particular reference to genital disease. | HPV is the commonest sexually transmitted viral infection in the United Kingdom and as such poses a major public health problem. In addition to the potential physical morbidity associated with genital warts, abnormal cervical cytology, and anogenital dysplasia and neoplasia, the associated psychological morbidity shoul... |
9891424 | [Thermodynamics of aging]. | The findings of macrothermodynamics (supramolecular thermodynamics) of quasi-closed systems and the published data about the variation of the chemical composition of living organisms in ontogeny confirm the thermodynamic tendency of aging processes. According to the thermodynamic theory, the specific value of the Gibbs... |
9884208 | Effects of compositions of dimethyl-beta-cyclodextrins on enantiomer separations by cyclodextrin modified capillary zone electrophoresis. | In enantiomeric separation by capillary zone electrophoresis using dimethyl-beta-cyclodextrin (DM-beta-CD) as a chiral selector, enantioselectivities were sometimes significantly different among DM-beta-CDs from five different suppliers. The reason was due to the difference in the compositions among these commercial pr... |
9884207 | Validated capillary electrophoresis method for the determination of atropine and scopolamine derivatives in pharmaceutical formulations. | The simultaneous determination of atropine and scopolamine derivatives, which have similar structures, was investigated by using capillary zone electrophoresis. The effects of buffer pH, buffer concentration and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin concentration on migration time and resolution of the investigated compounds... |
9884194 | Determination of the enantiomeric purity of (-) terbutaline by capillary electrophoresis using cyclodextrins as chiral selectors in a polyethylene glycol gel. | A method was developed for determination of the enantiomeric purity of the therapeutic-pharmacological active (-)-enantiomer of terbutaline using cyclodextrins as a chiral selector dissolved in a removable liquid polyethylene glycol gel by use of capillary electrophoresis. The effect of temperature, type and concentrat... |
9876539 | The use of beta-cyclodextrin as a pelletization agent in the extrusion/spheronization process. | The use of beta-cyclodextrin for the preparation of pellets by the extrusion/spheronization process is described for different formulations and processing conditions. Sieve analysis and friability tests were performed to assess the physical and technological characteristics of pellets. Satisfactory products were obtain... |
9876538 | Evaluation of a sulfobutyl ether beta-cyclodextrin as a solubilizing/stabilizing agent for several drugs. | To evaluate the potential use of beta-cyclodextrin sulfobutyl ether, 7 sodium salt (SBE7-beta-CD) as a drug solubilizing and stabilizing agent, the solubilizing effects of SBE7-beta-CD on 22 different poorly water-soluble drugs were compared with those of intact beta-CD and heptakis-(2,6-di-O-methyl)-beta-CD (DMCD). SB... |
9873540 | "Cut and combine": an easy membrane-supported combinatorial synthesis technique. | A combinatorial synthesis process involving sequential cycles of cutting a membrane support into pieces and combining these into groups and subjecting the groups to simultaneous solid-phase chemical reactions is demonstrated by the rapid assembly of four hundred N-terminally biotinylated, soluble, octameric peptide poo... |
9865789 | Inhibition of condensation in human chromosomes induced by the thymidine analogue 5-iododeoxyuridine. | Human lymphocyte cultures were treated with iododeoxyuridine. This 5-halogenated thymidine analogue induces distinct undercondensations of the heterochromatin of human chromosome 9. The condensation of the other heterochromatic regions on chromosomes 1, 15, 16 and Y is also inhibited, but to a lesser extent. Optimum ce... |
9865788 | Interspecies comparative genome hybridization and interspecies representational difference analysis reveal gross DNA differences between humans and great apes. | Comparative chromosome G-/R-banding, comparative gene mapping and chromosome painting techniques have demonstrated that only few chromosomal rearrangements occurred during great ape and human evolution. Interspecies comparative genome hybridization (CGH), used here in this study, between human, gorilla and pygmy chimpa... |
9865787 | Fibre-fluorescence in situ hybridization unravels apparently seven DAZ genes or pseudogenes clustered within a Y-chromosome region frequently deleted in azoospermic males. | Using the technique of 'fibre-FISH' (fluorescence in situ hybridization), we describe the direct visualization of seven longer DAZ signal stretches and in addition a maximum of four isolated single DAZ signals on Y-chromatin fibres of four different individuals. These seven longer DAZ signal stretches may represent sev... |
9865786 | Condensation pattern (CP) analysis of plant chromosomes by an improved chromosome image analysing system, CHIAS III. | The third-generation chromosome image analysing system (CHIAS III) was developed by using an ordinary personal computer with public domain imaging software, the NIH Image. An uneven condensation pattern (CP) appearing on small sugarcane chromosomes at the mitotic prometaphase stage was analysed and a quantitative chrom... |
9865785 | Chromosomal localization and heterochromatin association of ribosomal RNA gene loci and silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions in salmonid fishes. | Ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) loci, including those of nucleolus-forming 18S, 5.8S and 28S (major) and non-nucleolus-forming 5S (minor) rDNA, were assigned using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to the embryonic chromosomes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), masu salmon (O. masou), brook trout (Salvelinus fon... |
9865784 | Heterogeneity and meiotic behaviour of B and sex chromosomes, banding patterns and localization of (TTAGGG)n sequences by fluorescence in situ hybridization in the neotropical water rat Nectomys (Rodentia, Cricetidae). | A cytogenetic study using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of telomere probes, CBG, GTG and RBG banding patterns and synaptonemal complex data was carried out in 41 specimens of Nectomys from three Brazilian states: Pernambuco, Mato Grosso and São Paulo. The specimens presented 2n = 52, 53, 56 and 57, and the ... |
9865783 | Mapping chromosomal homologies between humans and two langurs (Semnopithecus francoisi and S. phayrei) by chromosome painting. | Chromosomal homologies were established between human and two Chinese langurs (Semnopithecus francoisi, 2n = 44, and S. phayrei, 2n = 44) by chromosome painting with chromosome-specific DNA probes of all human chromosomes except the Y. Both langur species showed identical hybridization patterns in addition to similar G... |
9865782 | DNA methylation patterns of Melandrium album chromosomes. | Melandrium album (syn. Silene latifolia) belongs to dioecious plant species possessing heteromorphic sex chromosomes, X and Y. Our previous experiments using in situ nick translation and replication kinetics analysis indicated structural and functional differences between the two X chromosomes in homogametic female cel... |
9865781 | Chromosome banding studies in the Bateleur (Terathopius ecaudatus, Aves, Accipitridae). | The karyotype of the Bateleur (Terathopius ecaudatus) was studied with conventional and Ag-NOR staining, and using GTG and CBG banding. The karyotype organization is typically accipitrid, with satellites and few microchromosomes, close to the karyotypes of true vultures. |
9865780 | Mapping of members of the low-copy-number repetitive DNA sequence family chAB4 within the p arms of human acrocentric chromosomes: characterization of Robertsonian translocations. | Members of the long-range, low-copy-number repetitive DNA sequence family chAB4 are located on nine different human chromosome pairs and the Y chromosome, i.e. on the short arms of all the acrocentrics. To localize the chAB4 sequences more precisely on the acrocentrics, chAB4-specific probes together with rDNA and a nu... |
9833322 | Dimeric beta-cyclodextrin-based supramolecular ligands and their copper(II) complexes as metalloenzyme models. | New supramolecular ligands possessing linear 13- and 15-membered pyridine diamidetriamine chelators between the primary sides of two beta-cyclodextrin cavities were synthesized, and characterized by MALDI-MS, NMR, IR and UV-Visible spectroscopy. Fluorescence and pH-metric titration were carried out in order to ascertai... |
9818032 | Preferential binding of E7010 to murine beta 3-tubulin and decreased beta 3-tubulin in E7010-resistant cell lines. | N-[2-[(4-Hydroxyphenyl)amino]-3-pyridyl]-4-methoxybenzenesulfonamide+ ++ (E7010) is a novel sulfonamide antimitotic agent, which is active against mouse and human tumors. E7010 binds to beta-tubulin and inhibits polymerization of microtubules. In order to clarify the mechanisms of E7010-resistance, two murine leukemic ... |
9806265 | Reduction of adhesion formation in rabbits by intraperitoneal administration of lazaroid formulations. | Adhesion formation is a major source of postoperative morbidity and mortality. In this study, the ability of a variety of lazaroid formulations [the antioxidant 21-aminosteroid PNU74006F (tirilazad) and the non-steroidal 2-methylaminochroman derivative PNU83,836E] to reduce i.p. adhesion formation in three rabbit model... |
9802216 | Production of cyclomaltononaose (delta-cyclodextrin) by cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases from Bacillus spp. and bacterial isolates. | The conversion of soluble starch to cyclomaltohexaose (alpha-CD), cyclomaltoheptaose (beta-CD), cyclomaltooctaose (gamma-CD) and cyclomaltononaose (delta-CD) by cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases (E.C. 2.4.1.19) from Bacillus spp. and bacterial isolates was studied. The results show that delta-CD was formed by all the e... |
9795037 | Modification of the apparent lipophilicity of steroidal drugs with gamma-cyclodextrin. | The interaction between 17 steroidal drugs and gamma-cyclo-dextrin (gamma-CD) was determined by charge-transfer chromatography and the relative strength of interaction was calculated. The relationship between the strength of interaction and the physico-chemical parameters of steroidal drugs was elucidated with principa... |
9784026 | Plasma levels of glutathione, alpha-tocopherol and lipid peroxides in polytraumatized patients; evidence for a stimulating effect of TNF alpha on glutathione synthesis. | Prognosis and outcome of polytraumatized patients are determined by the possible development of multiple organ failure (MOF). Among the direct traumatic organ damage, it is caused by a systemic inflammatory reaction. This might be triggered by an activation of the inflammatory mediator cascade following hemorrhagic-tra... |
9783728 | Inhibition of the adherence of cholera toxin and the heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli to cell-surface GM1 by oligosaccharide-derivatized dendrimers. | The adherence of either cholera toxin or the heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli to monosialoganglioside gal(beta1-3)galNAc(beta1-4)[sialic acid (alpha2-3)]gal(beta1-4)glc(beta)1-ceramide (GM1) present on the surface of epithelial cells lining the intestine is the first step of a series that results in the indu... |
9780727 | [Stress ulceration related bleeding (SURB) in intensive care unit]. | Today in critically ill patients the frequency of major stress ulceration related bleeding (SURB) has decreased. However this syndrome has not totally disappeared and its mortality remains very high once it develops. It's high mortality seems to be due to the facts that pathogenesis of SURB is mucosal ischemia resultin... |
9770207 | Pharmacophore and pseudoreceptor modelling of class Ib antiarrhythmic and local anaesthetic lidocaine analogues. | A molecular modelling study was carried out in order to investigate the molecular binding behaviour of antiarrhythmically and local anaesthetically active aminoacylanilide derivatives from the lidocaine type at their specific sodium channel binding site. An examination of relevant X-ray structures and of results derive... |
9761472 | Uclacyanins, stellacyanins, and plantacyanins are distinct subfamilies of phytocyanins: plant-specific mononuclear blue copper proteins. | The cDNAs encoding plantacyanin from spinach were isolated and characterized. In addition, four new cDNA sequences from Arabidopsis ESTs were identified that encode polypeptides resembling phytocyanins, plant-specific proteins constituting a distinct family of mononuclear blue copper proteins. One of them encodes plant... |
9761470 | Anatomy of protein pockets and cavities: measurement of binding site geometry and implications for ligand design. | Identification and size characterization of surface pockets and occluded cavities are initial steps in protein structure-based ligand design. A new program, CAST, for automatically locating and measuring protein pockets and cavities, is based on precise computational geometry methods, including alpha shape and discrete... |
9761190 | Chiral separation of polychlorinated biphenyls by micellar electrokinetic chromatography with sodium cholate. | Micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) with one kind of bile salt (sodium cholate) was used to separate three chiral polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs; 84, 95, and 176), each one in its two enantiomers. Sodium cholate was used as chiral surfactant in a 2-(N-cyclohexylamino) ethanesulfonic acid (CHES) buffer under ... |
9761188 | Capillary electrophoresis, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry studies of opposite chiral recognition of chlorpheniramine enantiomers with various cyclodextrins. | Markedly different chiral separation abilities were observed for native beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD), carboxymethyl-beta-CD (CM-beta-CD) and heptakis (2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-beta-CD (TM-beta-CD) towards the enantiomers of (+/-)-chlorpheniramine ((+/-)-CHL) in capillary electrophoresis (CE). Native beta-CD afforded almost b... |
9761187 | Capillary electrophoresis chiral separations of basic compounds using cationic cyclodextrin. | Chiral separations of basic enantiomers were carried out by using a cationic cyclodextrin (CD), quaternary ammonium beta-cyclodextrin (QA-beta-CD), under counter-electroosmotic flow (counter-EOF) conditions. The special characteristics of using a cationic CD to separate cationic enantiomers is that the EOF can be rever... |
9761186 | Development of separation systems for polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon environmental contaminants using micellar electrokinetic chromatography with molecular micelles and free zone electrophoresis. | Of four systems available from the literature, based on cyclodextrins, dioctylsulfosuccinate, bile salts, and molecular micelles consisting of oligomers of undecylenic acid, the most successful separation system in our hands is based on the molecular micelles, oligomers of sodium undecylenic acid (OSUA). We have employ... |
9760175 | Expression of a bioactive, single-chain choriogonadotropin in Dictyostelium discoideum. | Human choriogonadotropin (hCG) is a highly complex glycoprotein consisting of two non-covalently associated subunits. We aimed for the expression of a single-chain hCG in the soil amoebae Dictyostelium discoideum, a host which, in principle, provides simple genetics in combination with complex protein synthesis. To lim... |
9760164 | Monitoring the conformational flexibility of cytochrome c at low ionic strength by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. | Horse heart cytochrome c at pH 7 and low ionic strength is present as two conformers, as evidenced by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The two structures have been calculated using NOE and pseudocontact shift constraints. They have the same folding patterns and are essentially equal, within the rmsd of the families. The two averag... |
9751646 | Combination of DMT-mononucleotide and Fmoc-trinucleotide phosphoramidites in oligonucleotide synthesis affords an automatable codon-level mutagenesis method. | <h4>Background</h4>Synthetic DNA has been used to introduce variability into protein-coding regions. In protocols that produce a few mutations per gene, the sampling of amino-acid sequence space is limited by the bias imposed by the genetic code. It has long been apparent that the incorporation of trinucleotides in the... |
9755897 | Self-association properties of monomeric insulin analogs under formulation conditions. | <h4>Purpose</h4>The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of two important excipients, zinc and m-cresol, on the self-association properties of a series of monomeric insulin analogs. In this way, the effects on formulation behavior of individual amino acid substitutions in the C-terminal region of... |
9755884 | Beta cyclodextrins enhance adenoviral-mediated gene delivery to the intestine. | <h4>Purpose</h4>In general, the intestinal epithelium is quite refractory to viral and non-viral methods of gene transfer. In this report, various cyclodextrin formulations were tested for their ability to enhance adenoviral transduction efficiency in two models of the intestinal epithelium: differentiated Caco-2 cells... |
9755877 | Biodistribution of 111In-labelled engineered human antibody CTM01 (hCTM01) in ovarian cancer patients: influence of prior administration of unlabelled hCTM01. | mAb hCTM01 binds a carcinoma-associated antigen, the MUC1 gene product. The antigen is also present in the circulation, and administration of 111In-labelled hCTM01 results in the formation of immune complexes with enhanced accumulation in the liver. To avoid the unwanted effect of circulating radioactive immune complex... |
9751715 | Creation of RNA molecules that recognize the oxidative lesion 7,8-dihydro-8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) in DNA. | We used in vitro evolution to obtain RNA molecules that specifically recognize and bind with high affinity to the oxidative lesion 7, 8-dihydro-8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) in DNA. A pool of approximately 10(15) RNA molecules containing a random insert of 45 nucleotides in length was subject to 10 successive r... |
9751031 | A fluorescent temperature probe based on the association between the excited states of 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzonitrile and beta-cyclodextrin. | A temperature probe based on the fluorescence properties of the two excited states of 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzonitrile (DMABN) in equilibrium with beta-cyclodextrin (CD) in aqueous solution is presented. The fluorescence intensity of the Franck-Condon excited state (FB) as a function of temperature shows a straight li... |
9751025 | Enantioselective gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of methylsulfonyl PCBs with application to arctic marine mammals. | Four different commercially available cyclodextrin (CD) capillary gas chromatography (GC) columns were tested for the enantioselective separation of nine environmentally persistent atropisomeric 3- and 4-methylsulfonyl PCBs (MeSO2-CBs). The selected columns contained cyclodextrins with various cavity diameters (beta- o... |
9748659 | Protein trans-splicing and functional mini-inteins of a cyanobacterial dnaB intein. | A 429 aa theoretical intein is encoded in the dnaB gene (DNA helicase) of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803. This intein is shown to be capable of protein splicing with or without its native exteins when tested in E. coli cells. A centrally located 275 amino acid sequence (residues 107-381) of this in... |
9748328 | Allosteric activation of Arabidopsis threonine synthase by S-adenosylmethionine. | Plant threonine synthase, in contrast to its bacterial counterpart, is strongly stimulated by S-adenosylmethionine via a noncovalent interaction [Giovanelli et al. (1984) Plant. Physiol. 76, 285-292]. The mechanism of activation remained, however, largely unknown. To further characterize this unusual role for S-adenosy... |
9751051 | Crystal structure of the complex of the cyclin D-dependent kinase Cdk6 bound to the cell-cycle inhibitor p19INK4d. | The crystal structure of the cyclin D-dependent kinase Cdk6 bound to the p19 INK4d protein has been determined at 1.9 A resolution. The results provide the first structural information for a cyclin D-dependent protein kinase and show how the INK4 family of CDK inhibitors bind. The structure indicates that the conformat... |
9744880 | Assembly and function of the actin cytoskeleton of yeast: relationships between cables and patches. | Actin in eukaryotic cells is found in different pools, with filaments being organized into a variety of supramolecular assemblies. To investigate the assembly and functional relationships between different parts of the actin cytoskeleton in one cell, we studied the morphology and dynamics of cables and patches in yeast... |
9744874 | Annexin XIIIb associates with lipid microdomains to function in apical delivery. | A member of the annexin XIII sub-family, annexin XIIIb, has been implicated in the apical exocytosis of epithelial kidney cells. Annexins are phospholipid-binding proteins that have been suggested to be involved in membrane trafficking events although their actual physiological function remains open. Unlike the other a... |
9743598 | Induction of apoptosis in cardiac myocytes by an A3 adenosine receptor agonist. | The effects of the selective adenosine (ADO) A3 receptor agonist IB-MECA (N6-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methylcarboxamide) on cultured newborn rat cardiomyocytes were examined in comparison with ADO, the ADO A1 receptor-selective agonist R-PIA (N6-R-phenylisopropyladenosine), or the ADO A3 selective antagonist MRS 11... |
9743918 | Preparation and characterization of beta-cyclodextrin and poly(acrylic acid) microspheres. | A method for the preparation of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) microspheres crosslinked with beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) is described. The method is based on a water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion solvent evaporation technique which facilitates a condensation reaction between PAA and beta-CD. Aqueous solutions of PAA and beta-CD were... |
9743534 | The envelope glycoprotein ectodomains determine the efficiency of CD4+ T lymphocyte depletion in simian-human immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques. | CD4+ T lymphocyte depletion in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected humans underlies the development of acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Using a model in which rhesus macaques were infected with chimeric simian-human immunodeficiency viruses (SHIVs), we show that both the level of viremia and the st... |
9743525 | Molecular and biological characterization of the murine leukotriene B4 receptor expressed on eosinophils. | The movement of leukocytes into tissues is regulated by the local production of chemical mediators collectively referred to as chemoattractants. Although chemoattractants constitute a diverse array of molecules, including proteins, peptides, and lipids, they all appear to signal leukocytes through a related family of s... |
9736707 | DNA sequence-dependent deformability deduced from protein-DNA crystal complexes. | The deformability of double helical DNA is critical for its packaging in the cell, recognition by other molecules, and transient opening during biochemically important processes. Here, a complete set of sequence-dependent empirical energy functions suitable for describing such behavior is extracted from the fluctuation... |
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