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9876510 | Interactions between lonidamine and beta- or hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin. | The possibility of obtaining inclusion complexes between lonidamine and beta- or hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin have been evaluated by phase solubility diagram, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and x-ray diffractometry. The applied complexation methods were spray-drying, kneading, and solid dispersion. DSC and... |
9848201 | [Antiradical activity and membranotropic action of cardio- and vasotropic compounds of varying chemical nature]. | Antiradical activity and ability to interaction with phosphatidylcholine bilayer of the physiological active compounds (PhAC), concerning the classes of phenylalkilamines (dobutamine, verapamil), dihydro pyridines (BAY-K-4688, nifedipine), analogues of crown ether (carbicyle, diol) was studied. By means of the method o... |
9839628 | Oxidative damage induced by the fullerene C60 on photosensitization in rat liver microsomes. | We have examined the ability of a commonly used fullerene, C60, to induce oxidative damage on photosensitization using rat liver microsomes as model membranes. When C60 was incorporated into rat liver microsomes in the form of its cyclodextrin complex and exposed to UV or visible light, it induced significant oxidative... |
9830171 | Cyclodextrin enhanced fluorimetric method for the determination of tryptamine. | The effect of native cyclodextrins (alpha-, beta- or gamma- with six, seven or eight glucose units, respectively), hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, beta-cyclodextrin solubilized in urea, soluble starch and glucose in water solution on the fluorescence behaviour of tryptamine [3-(2-aminoethyl)indole] (T) was determined.... |
9830161 | Use of capillary electrophoresis as a method development tool for classical gel electrophoresis. | Capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used to optimize the buffer pH, ionic strength and sulfated cyclodextrin concentrations for enantiomeric separation of piperoxan. These enantioseparation conditions were then applied to a classical gel electrophoresis system. Binding constants of the sulfated beta-cyclodextrin-piperox... |
9744099 | Phytobilin biosynthesis: cloning and expression of a gene encoding soluble ferredoxin-dependent heme oxygenase from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. | The phytobilin chromophores of phycobiliproteins and phytochromes are biosynthesized from heme in a pathway that begins with the opening of the tetrapyrrole macrocycle of protoheme to form biliverdin IX alpha, in a reaction catalyzed by heme oxygenase. A gene containing an open reading frame with a predicted polypeptid... |
9734037 | Paenibacillus campinasensis sp. nov., a cyclodextrin-producing bacterium isolated in Brazil. | An alkaliphilic, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from Brazilian soil was taxonomically studied and is proposed as a new Paenibacillus species. This organism (strain 324T) was particularly distinguishable from other Paenibacillus species by its ability to grow optimally at pH 10 and 40 degrees C. The DNA G+C conten... |
9730288 | In vitro inhibition of the bioactivity of follicle-stimulating hormone by antisera against a peptide representing part of the FSH-receptor. | The aim of the present work was to define an FSH receptor (FSHR) peptide that can induce antibodies that will inhibit the bioactivity of FSH. Therefore, the hFSHR sequence was aligned with that of all other known G-protein coupled receptors. An area with increased sequence homology was identified between the FSH-, LH-,... |
9720897 | Synthesis and mechanical properties of interpenetrating networks of polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate and polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate. | Naturally occurring, biocompatible, and biodegradable polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV), and synthetic, non-degrading polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate (PHEMA) membranes were prepared and their mechanical properties were studied. Their performances were compared with the interpenetrating networks (IPN) prepared ... |
9718703 | Interaction between cyclodextrins and aflatoxins Q1, M1 and P1. Fluorescence and chromatographic studies. | The fluorescence properties of the aflatoxins M1, Q1, P1 in solution and the effect of various cyclodextrins (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, hydroxypropyl-beta- and alpha-beta-heptakis-di-O-methyl-beta-) on their fluorescence emission were studied. Among the aflatoxins, a substantial enhancement of the fluorescence emission of... |
9718698 | Enantiomer separation by pressure-supported electrochromatography using capillaries packed with a permethyl-beta-cyclodextrin stationary. | Efficient enantiomer separation by pressure-assisted, micro-packed capillary electrochromatography (CEC) has been carried out using a permethyl-beta-cyclodextrin-modified silica support (PM-beta-CD-silica). When comparing this method with micro-packed-high-performance liquid chromatography in the single-column-mode, CE... |
9711233 | Affinity capillary electrophoresis in biomolecular recognition. | Affinity capillary electrophoresis is a new method for studies of biomolecular recognition. Applications reported in the literature include chiral separation of racemic biomolecules, measurement of binding constants, estimation of kinetic on- and off-rate constants, determination of binding stoichiometries (a useful to... |
9711232 | Tailored substrates for studies of attached cell culture. | Substrates for studies of the interactions of attached cells with extracellular matrix components are often prepared by allowing a protein to adsorb from solution onto a glass or polystyrene substrate. This method is simple and effective for many studies, but it can fail in cases that require rigorous control over the ... |
9704003 | Display-induced antigenic variation in recombinant peptides. | Peptide display on solvent-exposed surfaces of carrier proteins is a promising approach pursuing the identification and improvement of reactive amino acid sequences. However, the contribution of the molecular environment where the peptide is inserted on its interactive properties remains essentially unexplored. By an e... |
9702843 | A pharmacokinetic study of intravenous itraconazole followed by oral administration of itraconazole capsules in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. | A randomized, open-label, comparative study was conducted in 30 male patients with moderately advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection to examine the pharmacokinetics of an investigational intravenous preparation of itraconazole compared with pharmacokinetics after administration of itraconazole capsules. ... |
9700927 | Amino acid sequence and D/L-configuration determination of peptides utilizing liberated N-terminus phenylthiohydantoin amino acids. | In this paper, we examined the possibility of using conventional Edman degradation with phenyl isothiocyanate for the simultaneous determination of both the sequence and the D/L-configuration of amino acids in peptides. Boron trifluoride and HCl-methanol (1:10, v/v) were adopted as the cyclization/cleavage and conversi... |
9692933 | Structure and properties in solution of PsaD, an extrinsic polypeptide of photosystem I. | PsaD is a small, extrinsic polypeptide located on the stromal side (cytoplasmic side in cyanobacteria) of the photosystem I reaction centre complex. The gene from the cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. PCC 8009 was expressed in Escherichia coli and the structure of the recovered protein in solution investigated. Size-exclusion ... |
9688067 | Improving stability and release kinetics of microencapsulated tetanus toxoid by co-encapsulation of additives. | <h4>Purpose</h4>Tetanus toxoid (Ttxd) encapsulated in polyester microspheres (MS) for single injection immunization have so far given pulsatile in vitro release and strong immune response in animals, but no boosting effect. This has been ascribed to insufficient toxoid stability within the MS exposed to in vivo conditi... |
9688059 | Combined poly(isobutylcyanoacrylate) and cyclodextrins nanoparticles for enhancing the encapsulation of lipophilic drugs. | <h4>Purpose</h4>The aim of this study was to prepare and characterize nanoparticulate systems constituted of poly(isobutylcyanoacrylate) and cyclodextrins and intended for increasing the loading of the particles with lipophilic substances. Progesterone was used as a model substance.<h4>Methods</h4>Nanoparticles were pr... |
9684543 | Retention mechanism study of imidazole derivatives on a beta-cyclodextrin-bonded stationary phase. Thermal analysis contributions. | The high-performance liquid chromatography retention mechanism of a series of six imidazole derivatives was investigated over a wide range of mobile-phase compositions, pH, and column temperatures using a beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD)-bonded chiral stationary phase. Thermodynamic constants for the transfer of a solute fr... |
9682490 | Cloning and sequencing of a cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase gene from Brevibacillus brevis CD162 and its expression in Escherichia coli. | A cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) gene of Brevibacillus brevis CD162 was cloned into Escherichia coli using pUC19 as a vector. Determination of the nucleotide sequence showed the presence of an open reading frame of 2079 bp encoding a polypeptide of 693 amino acid residues, composed of a 20-amino acid signal ... |
9682361 | New GnRH-like peptide construct to optimize efficient immunocastration of male pigs by immunoneutralization of GnRH. | Castration of male pigs is routinely performed in order to prevent the occurrence of boar taint in pig carcasses. However, boar taint can also be eliminated by immunological castration using a synthetic peptide vaccine against GnRH. For pig farming, to make immunocastration a feasible alternative method to surgical cas... |
9679151 | Coordination of an array of signaling proteins through homo- and heteromeric interactions between PDZ domains and target proteins. | The rapid activation and feedback regulation of many G protein signaling cascades raises the possibility that the critical signaling proteins may be tightly coupled. Previous studies show that the PDZ domain containing protein INAD, which functions in Drosophila vision, coordinates a signaling complex by binding direct... |
9679134 | The synaptonemal complex protein SCP3 can form multistranded, cross-striated fibers in vivo. | The synaptonemal complex protein SCP3 is part of the lateral element of the synaptonemal complex, a meiosis-specific protein structure essential for synapsis of homologous chromosomes. We have investigated the fiber-forming properties of SCP3 to elucidate its role in the synaptonemal complex. By synthesis of SCP3 in cu... |
9677422 | Crystal structure of recombinant soybean beta-amylase complexed with beta-cyclodextrin. | In order to study the interaction of soybean beta-amylase with substrate, we solved the crystal structure of beta-cyclodextrin-enzyme complex and compared it with that of alpha-cyclodextrin-enzyme complex. The enzyme was expressed in Escherichia coli at a high level as a soluble and catalytically active protein. The pu... |
9677386 | A formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase isoform is localized to the Golgi complex and can mediate interaction of trans-Golgi network-derived vesicles with microtubules. | A protein of 60 kDa (p60) has been identified using a quantitative in vitro vesicle-microtubule binding assay. Purified p60 induces co-sedimentation with microtubules of trans-Golgi network-derived vesicles isolated from polarized, perforated Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Sequencing of the cDNA coding for this prote... |
9675337 | Ionophoric activity of the antibiotic peptaibol trichorzin PA VI: a 23Na- and 35Cl-NMR study. | Trichorzin PA VI (Ac Aib1 Ser Ala Aib Iva Gln Aib Val Aib Gly10 Leu Aib Pro Leu Aib Aib Gln Pheol18) is one of the seven main peptaibols forming the natural antibiotic 18-residue peptide mixture biosynthesised by a Trichoderma harzianum strain. Trichorzins exhibit antimycoplasmic activity resulting from membrane permea... |
9675331 | The influence of hydrophobic mismatch on androsterol/phosphatidylcholine interactions in model membranes. | We have examined the association of 5-androsten-3beta-ol (androsterol) with saturated phosphatidylcholines (PCs), having symmetric acyl chains from 10 to 16 carbons in length, in both mono- and bilayer membranes. The emphasis of the study was to measure how hydrophobic mismatch (i.e. the difference in hydrophobic lengt... |
9678583 | A/T-rich sequences act as quantitative enhancers of gene expression in transgenic tobacco and potato plants. | The role of an A/T-rich positive regulatory region (P268, -444 to -177 from the translation start site) of the pea plastocyanin gene (PetE) promoter has been investigated in transgenic plants containing chimeric promoters fused to the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. This region enhanced GUS expression in leaves... |
9671745 | The upf3 protein is a component of the surveillance complex that monitors both translation and mRNA turnover and affects viral propagation. | The nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway functions to degrade aberrant mRNAs that contain premature translation termination codons. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the Upf1, Upf2, and Upf3 proteins have been identified as trans-acting factors involved in this pathway. Recent results have demonstrated that the Upf proteins... |
9671717 | Variability in the stability of DNA-peptide nucleic acid (PNA) single-base mismatched duplexes: real-time hybridization during affinity electrophoresis in PNA-containing gels. | The stability of all single-base mismatched pairs between a peptide nucleic acid 11-mer and its complementary DNA has been quantified in terms of their melting temperature and compared with the limited amount of data published to date. The strength of the interaction was determined by an automated affinity-electrophore... |
9671697 | A model for MRI contrast enhancement using T1 agents. | Contrast in MRI relies on differences in the local environment of water and is often enhanced by using contrast agents. We present a simple model for evaluating the minimal contrast agent concentration required to produce "satisfactory" contrast enhancement in magnetic resonance images. Previous strategies have been ba... |
9671695 | Hydration for a series of hydrocarbons. | The hydrophobic hydration in a series of hydrocarbons is probed by using molecular dynamics simulations. The solutes considered range from methane to octane. Examination of the shapes of the hydration shell suggests that there is no single stable structure surrounding these solutes. The structure of the water molecules... |
9671514 | Thermodynamics of binding of heterobidentate ligands consisting of spacer-connected acarbose and beta-cyclodextrin to the catalytic and starch-binding domains of glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger shows that the catalytic and starch-binding sites are in close proximity in space. | The binding to glucoamylase 1 from Aspergillus niger (GA1) of a series of four synthetic heterobidentate ligands of acarbose and beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) linked together has been studied by isothermal titration calorimetry. GA1 consists of a catalytic and a starch-binding domain (SBD) connected by a heavily O-glycos... |
9670024 | Solution structure of the antitermination protein NusB of Escherichia coli: a novel all-helical fold for an RNA-binding protein. | The NusB protein of Escherichia coli is involved in the regulation of rRNA biosynthesis by transcriptional antitermination. In cooperation with several other proteins, it binds to a dodecamer motif designated rrn boxA on the nascent rRNA. The antitermination proteins of E.coli are recruited in the replication cycle of ... |
9670012 | Receptors determine the cellular localization of a gamma-tubulin complex and thereby the site of microtubule formation. | The yeast microtubule organizing centre (MTOC), known as the spindle pole body (SPB), organizes the nuclear and cytoplasmic microtubules which are functionally and spatially distinct. Microtubule organization requires the yeast gamma-tubulin complex (Tub4p complex) which binds to the nuclear side of the SPB at the N-te... |
9667972 | Derivatives of the triazoloquinazoline adenosine antagonist (CGS 15943) having high potency at the human A2B and A3 receptor subtypes. | The adenosine antagonist 9-chloro-2-(2-furanyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[1, 5-c]quinazolin-5-amine (CGS 15943) binds nonselectively to human A1, A2A, and A3 receptors with high affinity. Acylated derivatives and one alkyl derivative of the 5-amino group and other modifications were prepared in an effort to enhance A2B or A3 subt... |
9671058 | The yeast tRNA:pseudouridine synthase Pus1p displays a multisite substrate specificity. | We have previously shown that the yeast gene PUS1 codes for a tRNA:pseudouridine synthase and that recombinant Pus1p catalyzes, in an intron-dependent way, the formation of psi34 and psi36 in the anticodon loop of the yeast minor tRNA(Ile) in vitro (Simos G et al., 1996, EMBO J 15:2270-2284). Using a set of T7 transcri... |
9665978 | Pathogenesis and diagnosis of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infections. | Since their initial recognition 20 years ago, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains have emerged as an important cause of serious human gastrointestinal disease, which may result in life-threatening complications such as hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Food-borne outbreaks of STEC disease appear to be increa... |
9665888 | Combinatorial chemistry in insects: a library of defensive macrocyclic polyamines. | The pupal defensive secretion of the coccinellid beetle Epilachna borealis is composed principally of a combinatorial library of macrocyclic polyamines. These compounds constitute a previously unrecognized family of natural products, characterized by extremely large-ring lactonic structures derived from a small set of ... |
9665713 | Mechanism of inhibition of LDL phospholipase A2 by monocyclic-beta-lactams. Burst kinetics and the effect of stereochemistry. | Investigation of the inhibition of LDL-associated phospholipase A2 by monocyclic beta-lactams has shown that LDL phospholipase A2 is capable of hydrolyzing monocyclic-beta-lactams by a mechanism which shares many similarities to the hydrolysis of beta-lactams by beta-lactamases. We believe that this is the first demons... |
9655887 | Novel chemically modified oligonucleotides provide potent inhibition of P-glycoprotein expression. | One major form of multiple drug resistance (MDR) to cancer therapeutic agents is mediated by overexpression of P-glycoprotein, a membrane ATPase that serves as a drug efflux pump. In humans, this protein is the product of the MDR1 gene. We have used chemically modified antisense oligonucleotides to reduce expression of... |
9665423 | Assessment of interlaboratory performance in external proficiency testing programs with a direct HDL-cholesterol assay. | Direct assays for the determination of HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) have recently become available. The methods are precise, require small sample volume, and appear to be less affected by increased triglycerides than traditional precipitation methods. In this study, we describe the inter- and intralaboratory variability of ... |
9663333 | Artificial cell containing superoxide dismutase--selection of folding aids for stabilisation of SOD. | Superoxide dismutase (abbreviated as SOD) has been vigorously studied in the fields of radical chemistry and related life science. One of practical problems is how to keep its activity in certain adverse conditions causing denaturation. Artificial cell containing SOD can be prepared by polymer encapsulation or nanocaps... |
9660881 | Cartilage fibrils of mammals are biochemically heterogeneous: differential distribution of decorin and collagen IX. | Cartilage fibrils contain collagen II as the major constituent, but the presence of additional components, minor collagens, and noncollagenous glycoproteins is thought to be crucial for modulating several fibril properties. We have examined the distribution of two fibril constituents-decorin and collagen IX-in samples ... |
9661037 | Enhanced bioavailability of itraconazole in hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin solution versus capsules in healthy volunteers. | The bioavailabilities and bioequivalences of single 200-mg doses of itraconazole solution and two capsule formulations were evaluated in a crossover study of 30 male volunteers. The two capsule formulations were bioequivalent. The bioavailabilities of the solutions itraconazole and hydroxyitraconazole were 30 to 33% an... |
9661027 | Pharmacokinetics of the protease inhibitor KNI-272 in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in nonhuman primates after intravenous dosing and in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children after intravenous and oral dosing. | KNI-272 is a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitor with potent activity in vitro. We studied the pharmacokinetics of KNI-272 in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a nonhuman primate model and after intravenous and oral administration to children with HIV infection. Plasma and CSF were sampled o... |
9658008 | Molecular characterization and postsplicing fate of three introns within the single rRNA operon of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Aeropyrum pernix K1. | The single rRNA operon (arnS-arnL) of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Aeropyrum pernix K1 was sequenced. The DNA sequence data and detailed RNA analyses disclosed an unusual feature: the presence of three introns at hitherto undescribed insertion positions within the rRNA genes. The 699-nucleotide (nt) intron Ialpha was... |
9658180 | Isolation and contraction of the stress fiber. | Stress fibers were isolated from cultured human foreskin fibroblasts and bovine endothelial cells, and their contraction was demonstrated in vitro. Cells in culture dishes were first treated with a low-ionic-strength extraction solution and then further extracted using detergents. With gentle washes by pipetting, the n... |
9649469 | Three-dimensional structure of the major autoantigen in primary biliary cirrhosis. | <h4>Background & aims</h4>Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease characterized by the presence of antimitochondrial autoantibodies in patients' serum. The major autoantigen, recognized by antibodies from > 95% of patients with PBC, has been identified as the E2 component (E2p) of the pyr... |
9657688 | Q-band resonance Raman spectra of oxidized and reduced mitochondrial bc1 complexes. | Recently published crystallographic studies of mitochondrial bc1 complexes have stimulated renewed interest in the active site architecture of these important integral membrane proteins. We present resonance Raman spectra obtained via variable excitation within the heme Q-band from samples poised in several different n... |
9647864 | Microbial characterization of biological filters used for drinking water treatment. | The impact of preozonation and filter contact time (depth) on microbial communities was examined in drinking water biofilters treating Ohio River water which had undergone conventional treatment (coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation) or solutions of natural organic matter isolated from groundwater (both ozonated an... |
9653133 | Dioxygen activation and bond cleavage by mixed-valence cytochrome c oxidase. | Elucidating the structures of intermediates in the reduction of O2 to water by cytochrome c oxidase is crucial to understanding both oxygen activation and proton pumping by the enzyme. In the work here, the reaction of O2 with the mixed-valence enzyme, in which only heme a3 and CuB in the binuclear center are reduced, ... |
9642189 | Enantioselective uptake and degradation of the chiral herbicide dichlorprop [(RS)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propanoic acid] by Sphingomonas herbicidovorans MH. | Sphingomonas herbicidovorans MH was able to completely degrade both enantiomers of the chiral herbicide dichlorprop [(RS)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propanoic acid], with preferential degradation of the (S) enantiomer over the (R) enantiomer. These results are in agreement with the recently reported enantioselective degrad... |
9649629 | Topological complexity of different populations of pBR322 as visualized by two-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis. | Neutral/neutral two-dimensional (2D) agarose gelelectrophoresis was used to investigate populations of the different topological conformations that pBR322 can adopt in vivo in bacterial cells as well as in Xenopus egg extracts. To help in interpretation and identification of all the different signals, undigested as wel... |
9649622 | Allosteric regulation of a ribozyme activity through ligand-induced conformational change. | An allosteric ribozyme has been designed using the hammerhead ribozyme as the active site and aflavin-specific RNA aptamer as a regulatory site. We constructed six variants with a series of base pairs in the linker region (stem II). Under single turnover conditions, kinetic studies were carried out in the absence and p... |
9651232 | Glutamate receptor targeting to synaptic populations on Purkinje cells is developmentally regulated. | Selective targeting of neurotransmitter receptors to specific synapse populations occurs in adult neurons, but little is known about the development of these receptor distribution patterns. In this study, we demonstrate that a specific developmental switch occurs in the targeting of a receptor to an identified synapse ... |
9649422 | Potent enzyme inhibitors derived from dromedary heavy-chain antibodies. | Evidence is provided that dromedary heavy-chain antibodies, in vivo-matured in the absence of light chains, are a unique source of inhibitory antibodies. After immunization of a dromedary with bovine erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase and porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase, it was demonstrated that a considerable amount of h... |
9649360 | Interactions of griseofulvin with cyclodextrins in solid binary systems. | Griseofulvin/cyclodextrin interactions were investigated in aqueous environment and in solid state. Two cyclodextrin derivatives (beta-cyclodextrin and 2-hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin) were used to prepare different physical mixtures and kneaded systems, and the drug/cyclodextrin ratios were 1:1 and 1:2 mol/mol. Scan... |
9649376 | Structure, stability, and thermodynamics of lamellar DNA-lipid complexes. | We develop a statistical thermodynamic model for the phase evolution of DNA-cationic lipid complexes in aqueous solution, as a function of the ratios of charged to neutral lipid and charged lipid to DNA. The complexes consist of parallel strands of DNA intercalated in the water layers of lamellar stacks of mixed lipid ... |
9647674 | Carbohydrate gluing is a strategy for supramolecular clamping of submultiples in annelid extracellular multi-subunit hemoglobin. | A key to understanding the mysterious hierarchic organization of annelid multi-subunit extracellular hemoglobin (giant Hb, composed of 144 globin chains and about 36 nonheme chains called linkers) is knowing the role of linkers in holding together the entire two-tiered hexagonal form. Here, the effects of added monosac... |
9650988 | Facklamia ignava sp. nov., isolated from human clinical specimens. | Two strains of a hitherto-undescribed gram-positive, catalase-negative coccus isolated from human sources were characterized by phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies demonstrated that the unknown strains are genealogically identical and constitute a new line close to, ... |
9650960 | The L1 major capsid protein of human papillomavirus type 16 variants affects yield of virus-like particles produced in an insect cell expression system. | The L1 major capsid proteins of six human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) strains were expressed in insect cells by using recombinant baculoviruses. Virus-like particles (VLPs) which appeared similar to empty virions were identified by electron microscopy for all HPV strains investigated. However, the yield of VLPs pro... |
9650933 | Identification and molecular characterization of beta-hemolytic streptococci isolated from harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) of the North and Baltic Seas. | The present study was designed to identify and comparatively investigate 35 beta-hemolytic streptococci isolated from stranded harbor porpoises or from animals caught in fishing nets of the North and Baltic seas. According to biochemical and serological data and to lectin agglutination tests with the lectin of Arachis ... |
9645941 | Initiation of skin basement membrane formation at the epidermo-dermal interface involves assembly of laminins through binding to cell membrane receptors. | To study the mechanism of basement membrane formation, we determined by immunochemistry temporal and spatial expression of laminin-5 (Ln-5), laminin-1 (Ln-1) and their integrin receptors during early skin morphogenesis. A 3-dimensional skin culture was used that allows the study of the sequential molecular events of ba... |
9639578 | A structural comparison of the colicin immunity proteins Im7 and Im9 gives new insights into the molecular determinants of immunity-protein specificity. | We report the first detailed comparison of two immunity proteins which, in conjunction with recent protein engineering data, begins to explain how these structurally similar proteins are able to bind and inhibit the endonuclease domain of colicin E9 (E9 DNase) with affinities that differ by 12 orders of magnitude. In t... |
9639564 | Structural and functional effect of Trp-62-->Gly and Asp-101-->Gly substitutions on substrate-binding modes of mutant hen egg-white lysozymes. | In order to clarify the structural role of subsite B of hen egg-white lysozyme in hydrolytic activity towards a carbohydrate substrate, we analysed the structures of Trp-62-->Gly and Asp-101-->Gly mutant hen lysozymes, which have no side chain at positions 62 or 101, complexed with a substrate analogue, (N-acetyl-d-glu... |
9628923 | The observation of the local ordering characteristics of spermidine-condensed DNA: atomic force microscopy and polarizing microscopy studies. | Condensation of DNA by multivalent cations can provide useful insights into the physical factors governing the folding and packaging of DNA in vivo. In this work, local ordered structures of spermidine-DNA complexes prepared from different DNA concentrations have been examined by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and... |
9621015 | Role of the pre-S2 domain of the large envelope protein in hepatitis B virus assembly and infectivity. | Among the three viral proteins present in the hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope, both the small and large polypeptides, but not the middle polypeptide, are necessary for the production of complete viral particles. Whereas it has been established that the C-terminal extremity of the pre-S1 region is required for HBV morp... |
9621010 | Intracellular signaling by the chemokine receptor US28 during human cytomegalovirus infection. | In patients with impaired cell-mediated immune responses (e.g., lung transplant recipients and AIDS patients), cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection causes severe disease such as pneumonitis. However, although immunocompetency in the host can protect from CMV disease, the virus persists by evading the host immune defenses. A... |
29710938 | An Efficient Venus Flytrap for the Reversible Binding of Nitric Oxide. | Remarkably efficient reversible binding of nitric oxide (NO) by the stilbenoid derivative 1 is observed (K>3×10<sup>6</sup> M<sup>-1</sup> ). This noncovalent interaction is readily controlled by simple oxidation and reduction. |
29710936 | Interpenetrating Nets: Ordered, Periodic Entanglement. | Independent one-, two-, and even three-dimensional nets interpenetrate each other in many solid-state structures of polymeric, hydrogen-bonded nets and coordination polymers. For example, the interpenetration of the adamantane units of two diamondlike nets is shown on the right. A detailed and systematic examination of... |
29710935 | A Synthetic Cation-Transporting Calix[4]arene Derivative Active in Phospholipid Bilayers. | One order of magnitude: The transport of Na<sup>+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup> ions through a phospholipid bilayer occurs with much higher conductance levels with 1 and 2 than with typical Na<sup>+</sup> -transporting proteins or gramicidin. However, the cations do not appear to pass through the calix[4]arene ring, which ha... |
29710929 | A Lysoganglioside/Poly-L-glutamic Acid Conjugate as a Picomolar Inhibitor of Influenza Hemagglutinin. | Based on the principle of a multivalent interaction, the amphiphilic polymer 1, present in solution as an aggregate (see below right), is able to inhibit infection with the influenza virus. After recognition of a specific sialyllactose epitope through hemaglutinin (HA) on the virus surface, the sphingosine residues and... |
29710925 | Electrostatic Assembly of Dendrimer Electrolytes: Negatively and Positively Charged Dendrimer Porphyrins. | Carboxylate and ammonium functionalities-32 of each-facilitate electrostatic interaction between oppositely charged dendrimer electrolytes and porphyrin cores, which leads in protic media to a supramolecular, fluorescence-active aggregate of two chromophores that communicate and have a predictable topology (see drawing... |
29710915 | Ansa Macrolides as Molecular Workbenches: Stereocontrolled syn Additions to E olefins. | Fixed on an aromatic platform in a conformationally defined way, acyclic (E)-alkenes can be considered gripped on a molecular workbench. The olefinic ansa-macrolides formed in this way are shielded on one face. On epoxidation and dihydroxylation [Eq. (1)] the attack on the double bond takes place diastereoselectively f... |
29710911 | An Artificial Regulatory System with Coupled Molecular Switches. | The availability of sodium ions can be regulated indirectly (through electron transfer reactions) and reversibly through the addition and removal of zinc ions. In this cyclic process (depicted on the right) a redox-responsive ferrocene substituted with two dipicolylamino ligands (Fcdpa) coordinates two Zn<sup>2+</sup> ... |
29710897 | Self-Assembly of Lamellar and Expanded Lamellar Coordination Networks. | Structural similarity with clay-type minerals is apparent in the self-assembled layered coordination network [{Ag(1)(MeCN)<sub>2</sub> }<sub>∞</sub> ][BF<sub>4</sub> ]<sub>∞</sub> , which is stabilized by a lamellar chelate effect (section of structure shown on the right). The interlayer region is expandable through th... |
23487508 | Activation and Desensitization of Rat A<sub>3</sub>-Adenosine Receptors by Selective Adenosine Derivatives and Xanthine-7-Ribosides. | Strategy, Management and Health PolicyVenture Capital Enabling TechnologyPreclinical ResearchPreclinical Development Toxicology, Formulation Drug Delivery, PharmacokineticsClinical Development Phases I-III Regulatory, Quality, ManufacturingPostmarketing Phase IV Xanthine and adenosine derivatives, known to bind to reco... |
9618565 | The making of the architecture of the plant cell wall: how cells exploit geometry. | Cell wall deposition is a key process in the formation, growth, and differentiation of plant cells. The most important structural components of the wall are long cellulose microfibrils, which are synthesized by synthases embedded in the plasma membrane. A fundamental question is how the microfibrils become oriented dur... |
9616118 | Silacalix- | The synthesis of polyphosphinine macrocycles, which consist of a 16-membered ring with four phosphorus atoms (P4) and a 12-membered ring with three phosphorus atoms (P3), is described. Their high coordination ability is demonstrated by the quantitative synthesis of the rhodium and iridium cation complexes of the P4 mac... |
11670400 | Synthesis and Spectral Properties of Bisaxially Coordinated (Octaphenyltetraazaporphyrinato)ruthenium(II) Complexes. | The synthesis of novel bisaxially coordinated ruthenium(II) complexes of octaphenyltetraazaporphine (L(2)Ru(OPTAP); L = NH(3), pyridine (py), pyrazine (pyz), s-tetrazine (tz), tert-butyl isocyanide (t-BuNC), and p-diisocyanodurole (did)) is reported. Template condensation of diphenylfumaronitrile with pentaammine(dinit... |
10923501 | [Analysis of critically ill patients with bacteremia]. | <h4>Objective</h4>To study the epidemiology of bacteremia of critically ill patients and the mortality associated with bacteremia and risk factors for death in an intensive care unit.<h4>Method</h4>75 patients with 116 episodes of bacteremia were retrospectively studied.<h4>Results</h4>The mortality rate of the patient... |
10780881 | Specific killing of HIV-infected lymphocytes by a recombinant immunotoxin directed against the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein. | <h4>Background</h4>3B3 is a high-affinity anti-gp120 antibody that neutralizes a wide range of primary and laboratory isolates of HIV-1. The parental antibody was isolated from a combinatorial phage display library constructed from bone marrow RNA of an HIV-infected individual. We have generated a highly active immunot... |
10434250 | Interactive modeling of supramolecular assemblies. | The modeling of supramolecular structure presents two major challenges: (1) managing the large amount of sequence, structural and biochemical data, and (2) presenting the data to the user in a flexible and comprehensible manner that addresses these problems. We describe a visualization environment for the creation and ... |
9881767 | Inhibition of the type 1 fimbriae-mediated adhesion of Escherichia coli to erythrocytes by multiantennary alpha-mannosyl clusters: the effect of multivalency. | Alpha-mannosyl glycoclusters and glycodendrimers were tested as multivalent inhibitors of the type 1 (mannose-specific) fimbriae of a recombinant E. coli HB101 strain. Inhibition of haemagglutination of guinea pig erythrocytes was determined on microtiter plates. The effect of multivalency is pronounced for up to three... |
9876628 | Enhancement of bioavailability of griseofulvin by its complexation with beta-cyclodextrin. | Griseofulvin is a poorly soluble antifungal antibiotic drug, the solubility of which can be enhanced by complexation with beta-cyclodextrin. The inclusion complex was prepared by coprecipitation method in various molar ratios of 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, and 1:2 of the drug and beta-cyclodextrin, respectively. The inclusion compl... |
9871760 | A new backbone of artificial enzymes obtained by cross-linkage of poly(ethylenimine). | Cross-linkage of the branches of poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) suppresses flexibility of the polymer as revealed by decreased affinity of the amino groups on PEI backbone towards proton or Ni(II) ion. The cross-linkage improves ability of the PEI derivative equipped with beta-cyclodextrin to deacylate an ester containing t-... |
9831976 | Prevention of precipitation of phenytoin in an infusion fluid by hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin. | Injection of phenytoin is often diluted with infusion fluids before administration, which may lead to precipitation of the drug due to changes in pH and/or vehicle. It is not possible to add cyclodextrins to the original injections to prevent precipitation of the drug, because the quantities required would be impractic... |
9798784 | Multiple phosphorylation sites and quaternary organization of guanine-nucleotide exchange complex of elongation factor-1 (EF-1betagammadelta/ValRS) control the various functions of EF-1alpha. | The eukaryotic guanine-nucleotide exchange factor commonly called elongation factor-1 betagammadelta (EF-1betagammadelta), comprises four different subunits including valyl-tRNA synthetase (EF-1betagammadelta/ValRS). The factor is multiply-phosphorylated by three different protein kinases, protein kinase C, casein kina... |
9789805 | Acetylcholinesterase: C-terminal domains, molecular forms and functional localization. | Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) possesses short C-terminal peptides that are not necessary for catalytic activity. These peptides belong to different classes (R, H, T, S) and define the post-translational processing and targeting of the enzyme. In vertebrates, subunits of type H (AChEH) and of type T (AChET) are the most i... |
9725670 | Characterization of the structural proteins of hepatitis C virus expressed by an adenovirus recombinant. | Human adenoviruses have been used for mammalian expression vectors and recombinant vaccines for heterologous antigens. We constructed and characterized an infectious adenovirus recombinant containing core-E1-E2 genes of hepatitis C virus (HCV). The core protein was produced mainly during the early phase of viral infect... |
9725627 | Spectroscopic study of Y210C lambda-repressor: implications for cooperative interaction. | A non-cooperative mutant of lambda-repressor, Y210C, has been purified and characterized. The mutant protein does not show any evidence of cooperative interaction as judged by difference near-UV circular dichroism spectra of DNA. The mutant protein also shows much weaker self-assembly as revealed by fluorescence anisot... |
9691068 | Generation and screening of synthetic receptor libraries. | Efficient methods for the preparation of combinatorial libraries of receptors have been reported recently and, in most cases, these have led to the identification of host-like molecules that bind a particular substrate selectively. Dynamic libraries of macrocycles have also been synthesised that could open the way to a... |
9708319 | A functional screening of adenosine analogues at the adenosine A2B receptor: a search for potent agonists. | Various adenosine analogues were tested at the adenosine A2B receptor. Agonist potencies were determined by measuring the cyclic AMP production in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells expressing human A2B receptors. 5'-N-Substituted carboxamidoadenosines were most potent. 5'-N-Ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) was most active wi... |
9700515 | Toward a predictive understanding of molecular recognition. | T cells circulate in blood and the lymphatic system, continually engaging cells through transient non-specific adhesion. In a normally functioning immune system, these interactions permit sufficient time for T-cell receptors (TCRs) to sample major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-peptide complexes for the presence of f... |
9698536 | Primed neutrophils require phosphatidic acid for maximal receptor-activated elastase release. | <h4>Background</h4>Priming of neutrophils (PMNs) for protease release is believed to be central to the pathogenesis of PMN-mediated tissue injury observed in ARDS/MOF. Defining the intracellular signaling pathways involved with this excessive protease release may aid in establishing future therapies for ARDS. Phospholi... |
9687357 | TRP trapped in fly signaling web. | In the Drosophila eye, photoactivation of rhodopsin leads to the opening of the light-sensitive cation influx channels TRP and TRPL. This response is extremely rapid and results in depolarization of the photoreceptor cells followed by Ca(2+)-mediated feedback regulation of the visual signaling cascade. The mechanisms t... |
9694295 | The effect of complexation additives on analyte migration behavior in capillary electrochromatography. | In capillary electrochromatography (CEC), analytes often have different mobilities in the mobile phase, and often are involved in multiple equilibria. In this paper, the migration behavior of an analyte in CEC is described by a general equation in which individual capacity factors are used to describe the tendency of t... |
9691913 | cagA positive and negative Helicobacter pylori strains are simultaneously present in the stomach of most patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia: relevance to histological damage. | <h4>Background/aims</h4>Infection with Helicobacter pylori strains harbouring the cagA gene (cagA+) is associated with an increased risk of developing peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to assess whether H pylori isolates with different cagA status were present in patients with non-ulcer dyspeps... |
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