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10593493 | Pressure-controlled high-performance liquid chromatographic study on the influence of rim chemistry on partial molar volume differences between free and complexed cyclodextrins. | Pragmatic comparison of pressure dependent retention for differing cyclodextrin rim chemistries is assessed using controlled-pressure HPLC. For pressure differences of <300 bar, systematic shifts in solute capacity factor are observed for both native and methylated beta-cyclodextrin stationary phases. In addition to th... |
10589502 | Determination of regularly distributed plant protectants in raw and drinking waters, using a multiresidue method with cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography. | Eighteen plant protectant compounds were separated and determined by cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) in a multiclass/multiresidue method. The pesticides included are those dispersed in the greatest amounts today over agricultural acreage, and they represent 8 different classes of com... |
10589682 | Three-dimensional structure of a complex between the death domains of Pelle and Tube. | The interaction of the serine/threonine kinase Pelle and adaptor protein Tube through their N-terminal death domains leads to the nuclear translocation of the transcription factor Dorsal and activation of zygotic patterning genes during Drosophila embryogenesis. Crystal structure of the Pelle and Tube death domain hete... |
10579822 | Solution structure of polymyxins B and E and effect of binding to lipopolysaccharide: an NMR and molecular modeling study. | The cyclic decapeptides polymyxin B (PmB) and E (PmE) (mo-K'TK'-cyclo-[K'K'XLK'K'T]; mo, methyl octanoate; K', diaminobutyric acid; X, D-Phe (PmB) or D-Leu (PmE)) display antimicrobial and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antagonistic activities. We have investigated the conformational behavior of PmB and PmE in water solution... |
10578159 | Itraconazole oral solution as antifungal prophylaxis in children undergoing stem cell transplantation or intensive chemotherapy for haematological disorders. | This was an open study of oral antifungal prophylaxis in 103 neutropenic children aged 0-14 (median 5) years. Most (90%) were undergoing transplantation for haematological conditions (77% allogeneic BMT, 7% autologous BMT, 6% PBSC transplants and 10% chemotherapy alone). They received 5.0 mg/kg itraconazole/day (in 10 ... |
10578138 | Beneficial effects of Mn(III)tetrakis (4-benzoic acid) porphyrin (MnTBAP), a superoxide dismutase mimetic, in zymosan-induced shock. | 1 The therapeutic efficacy of Mn(III)tetrakis (4-benzoic acid) porphyrin (MnTBAP), a novel superoxide dismutase mimetic which scavenges peroxynitrite, was investigated in rats subjected to shock induced by peritoneal injection of zymosan. 2 Our data show that MnTBAP (given at 1, 3 and 10 mg kg-1 intraperitoneally, 1 an... |
10577978 | PEGylated recombinant human soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor type I (r-Hu-sTNF-RI): novel high affinity TNF receptor designed for chronic inflammatory diseases. | The proinflammatory cytokine, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) has been shown to play a pivotal part in mediating acute and chronic inflammation. The activities of TNFalpha are modulated by the proteolytic shedding of the soluble extracellular domains of the two TNF receptors, p55 sTNF-RI and p75 sTNF-RII. Amgen... |
10575628 | Protective colloids and polylactic acid co-affecting the polymorphic crystal forms and crystallinity of indomethacin encapsulated in microspheres. | The co-effect of protective colloids and polylactic acid (PLA) on the polymorphic crystal forms and crystallinity of indomethacin (IMC) in IMC-loaded PLA microspheres was investigated with differential scanning calorimetry, infrared spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometry, to evaluate the polymorphic crystal forms and cr... |
10575599 | Cholesterol removal from homogenized milk with beta-cyclodextrin. | This study was carried out to determine optimum conditions of five different factors (beta-cyclodextrin concentration, mixing temperature, mixing time, centrifugal force, and centrifugation time) in reduction of cholesterol in 3.6% fat, homogenized milk by application of beta-cyclodextrin. beta-Cyclodextrin at 0.5 to 1... |
10576210 | Rapid appearance of M cells after microbial challenge is restricted at the periphery of the follicle-associated epithelium of Peyer's patch. | M cells within the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) of the gut play a central role in the initiation of mucosal immune responses by transporting antigens to the intestinal lymphoid tissue. We have previously demonstrated that the instillation into the gut of a nonenteric microorganism, Streptococcus pneumoniae R36a... |
10571787 | Increased proximal tubular cholesterol content: implications for cell injury and "acquired cytoresistance". | <h4>Background</h4>Acute renal failure (ARF) leads to secondary adaptive changes that serve to protect proximal tubules from subsequent ischemic or toxic damage [so-called "acquired cytoresistance" (CR)]. A characteristic of CR is increased plasma membrane resistance to attack. Therefore, this study sought to identify ... |
10570199 | Mapping regions containing binding residues within functional domains of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi erythrocyte-binding proteins. | Invasion of erythrocytes by malaria parasites is mediated by specific molecular interactions. Whereas Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi use the Duffy blood group antigen, Plasmodium falciparum uses sialic acid residues of glycophorin A as receptors to invade human erythrocytes. P. knowlesi uses the Duffy antigen... |
10570133 | Topoisomerase II drives DNA transport by hydrolyzing one ATP. | DNA topoisomerase II is a homodimeric molecular machine that couples ATP usage to the transport of one DNA segment through a transient break in another segment. In the presence of a nonhydrolyzable ATP analog, the enzyme is known to promote a single turnover of DNA transport. Current models for the enzyme's mechanism b... |
10570132 | Antibody C219 recognizes an alpha-helical epitope on P-glycoprotein. | The ABC transporter, P-glycoprotein, is an integral membrane protein that mediates the ATP-driven efflux of drugs from multidrug-resistant cancer and HIV-infected cells. Anti-P-glycoprotein antibody C219 binds to both of the ATP-binding regions of P-glycoprotein and has been shown to inhibit its ATPase activity and dru... |
10567427 | Glycosphingolipids are not essential for formation of detergent-resistant membrane rafts in melanoma cells. methyl-beta-cyclodextrin does not affect cell surface transport of a GPI-anchored protein. | Recent data suggest that membrane microdomains or rafts that are rich in sphingolipids and cholesterol are important in signal transduction and membrane trafficking. Two models of raft structure have been proposed. One proposes a unique role for glycosphingolipids (GSL), suggesting that GSL-head-group interactions are ... |
10571279 | Solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic study on amorphous solid complexes of tolbutamide with 2-hydroxypropyl-alpha- and -beta-cyclodextrins. | <h4>Purpose</h4>The objective of the study was to obtain structural information of inclusion complexes of tolbutamide with HP-alpha- and -beta-cyclodextrins in amorphous state.<h4>Method</h4>The solid complexes of tolbutamide with HP-alpha- and -beta-CyDs in molar ratios of 1:1 and 1:2 (guest:host) were prepared by the... |
10571270 | Affinity capillary electrophoresis in pharmaceutics. | The technique of Affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) is a useful tool to characterize complexation and partition equilibria. A wide range of applications in pharmaceutics has been presented: the determination of pKA values, of association constants between drugs and cyclodextrins or amphiphilic compounds as well a... |
10564108 | Cholesterol inhibits spontaneous action potentials and calcium currents in guinea pig gallbladder smooth muscle. | Elevated cholesterol decreases agonist-induced contractility and enhances stone formation in the gallbladder. The current study was conducted to determine if and how the electrical properties and ionic conductances of gallbladder smooth muscle are altered by elevated cholesterol. Cholesterol was delivered as a complex ... |
10564837 | Surface characterisation of freeze-dried protein/carbohydrate mixtures. | In the present investigation freeze-drying of proteins (BSA or trypsin) together with various carbohydrates, i.e. lactose, sucrose, mannitol, alpha-cyclodextrin and dextrin, has been studied with particular emphasis on the surface composition of the freeze-dried powders. The proteins were found to be over-represented o... |
10564282 | Specific sterols required for the internalization step of endocytosis in yeast. | Sterols are major components of the plasma membrane, but their functions in this membrane are not well understood. We isolated a mutant defective in the internalization step of endocytosis in a gene (ERG2) encoding a C-8 sterol isomerase that acts in the late part of the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway. In the absence ... |
10564072 | Structural characterization of substrates for the anion exchange transporter in Caco-2 cells. | The present study was conducted to characterize the structural specificity of an anion exchange transporter in intestinal epithelial cells. The transport of carboxylic acids with hydroxyl group(s) at the 2, 3, 4, and/or 5 positions with respect to carboxylate was examined by using Caco-2 cells in the presence of bicarb... |
10564058 | Increased bioavailability of clomipramine after sublingual administration in rats. | This study examined the absorption and disposition of clomipramine in rats after sublingual (5 and 50 mg/kg), oral (50 mg/kg), and iv (5 mg/kg) administration. The mean oral bioavailability of clomipramine was 24.8% and 29.7%, respectively, in conscious rats and in rats anesthetized with ketamine/xylazine (30/3 mg/kg).... |
10564057 | Optimization of folate-conjugated liposomal vectors for folate receptor-mediated gene therapy. | A folate-targeted transfection complex that is internalized by certain cancer cells and displays several properties reminiscent of enveloped viruses has been developed. These liposomal vectors are comprised of a polycation-condensed DNA plasmid associated with a mixture of neutral and anionic lipids supplemented with f... |
10564056 | Combined effect of cosolvent and cyclodextrin on solubilization of nonpolar drugs. | Solubility enhancement has broad implications in parenteral formulation design. A simple mathematical model has been developed to describe the combined effect of cosolvency and complexation on nonpolar drug solubilization. The total drug solubility is determined by the summation of three drug species present in the sol... |
10562563 | The NMR structure of the 5S rRNA E-domain-protein L25 complex shows preformed and induced recognition. | The structure of the complex between ribosomal protein L25 and a 37 nucleotide RNA molecule, which contains the E-loop and helix IV regions of the E-domain of Escherichia coli 5S rRNA, has been determined to an overall r.m.s. displacement of 1.08 A (backbone heavy atoms) by heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy (Protein Datab... |
10562549 | Functional diversity of LAP2alpha and LAP2beta in postmitotic chromosome association is caused by an alpha-specific nuclear targeting domain. | Lamina-associated polypeptide 2alpha (LAP2alpha) is a non-membrane-bound isoform of the LAP2 family implicated in nuclear structure organization. We show that during postmitotic nuclear assembly LAP2alpha associates with chromosomes prior to accumulation of the membrane-bound isoform LAP2beta, although both proteins co... |
10562533 | Membrane raft microdomains mediate front-rear polarity in migrating cells. | The acquisition of spatial and functional asymmetry between the rear and the front of the cell is a necessary step for cell chemotaxis. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) stimulation of the human adenocarcinoma MCF-7 induces a polarized phenotype characterized by asymmetrical CCR5 chemokine receptor redistribution to... |
10563782 | Design of dendritic macromolecules containing folate or methotrexate residues. | Polyether dendritic compounds bearing folate residues on their surface were prepared as model drug carriers with potential tumor cell specificity. Starting from ester-terminated polyether dendrimers, hydrazide groups were easily introduced to the surface of the dendrimers by reaction with hydrazine. Folate residues wer... |
10563777 | New class of polymers for the delivery of macromolecular therapeutics. | Cationic polymers show promise for the in vitro and in vivo delivery of macromolecular therapeutics. Known cationic polymers, e.g., poly(L)lysine (PLL) and polyethylenimine (PEI), have been employed in native and modified forms for the delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA) and reveal varying levels of toxicity. Here, we repor... |
10563764 | Prediction of q-values and conformations of gadolinium chelates for magnetic resonance imaging. | For gadolinium chelates, we determined that there is a linear correlation between calculated solvent-accessible surface area and q-value, the number of rapidly exchanging water molecules directly bound to the gadolinium ion. A calibration curve was developed to predict q-value based on the solvent-accessible surface ar... |
10563814 | Role of the dimethylbenzimidazole tail in the reaction catalyzed by coenzyme B12-dependent methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. | The recent structures of cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase have revealed a striking conformational change that accompanies cofactor binding to these proteins. Alkylcobalamins have octahedral geometry in solution at physiological pH, and the lower axial coordination position is occupie... |
10562284 | A role for p21-activated kinase in endothelial cell migration. | The serine/threonine p21-activated kinase (PAK) is an effector for Rac and Cdc42, but its role in regulating cytoskeletal organization has been controversial. To address this issue, we investigated the role of PAK in migration of microvascular endothelial cells. We found that a dominant negative (DN) mutant of PAK sign... |
10561503 | Characterisation of the binding interaction between poly(L-lysine) and DNA using the fluorescamine assay in the preparation of non-viral gene delivery vectors. | A major factor limiting the development of non-viral gene delivery systems is the poor characterisation of polyelectrolyte complexes formed between cationic polymers and DNA. The present study uses the fluorescamine reagent to improve characterisation of poly(L-lysine) (pLL)/DNA complexes post-modified with a multivale... |
10557300 | Induction of Purkinje fiber differentiation by coronary arterialization. | A synchronized heart beat is controlled by pacemaking impulses conducted through Purkinje fibers. In chicks, these impulse-conducting cells are recruited during embryogenesis from myocytes in direct association with developing coronary arteries. In culture, the vascular cytokine endothelin converts embryonic myocytes t... |
10557292 | Controlled unzipping of a bacterial surface layer with atomic force microscopy. | We have combined high-resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging and force spectroscopy to gain insight into the interaction forces between the individual protomers of the hexagonally packed intermediate (HPI) layer of Deinococcus radiodurans. After imaging the HPI layer, the AFM stylus was attached to individual... |
10557278 | Rational engineering of a miniprotein that reproduces the core of the CD4 site interacting with HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein. | Protein-protein interacting surfaces are usually large and intricate, making the rational design of small mimetics of these interfaces a daunting problem. On the basis of a structural similarity between the CDR2-like loop of CD4 and the beta-hairpin region of a short scorpion toxin, scyllatoxin, we transferred the side... |
10559404 | Galectin-1 regulates initial axonal growth in peripheral nerves after axotomy. | The signals that prompt the axons to send out processes in peripheral nerves after axotomy are not well understood. Here, we report that galectin-1 can play an important role in this initial stage. We developed an in vitro nerve regeneration model that allows us to monitor the initial axon and support cell outgrowth fr... |
10559168 | Preprotein translocation by a hybrid translocase composed of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis subunits. | Bacterial protein translocation is mediated by translocase, a multisubunit membrane protein complex that consists of a peripheral ATPase SecA and a preprotein-conducting channel with SecY, SecE, and SecG as subunits. Like Escherichia coli SecG, the Bacillus subtilis homologue, YvaL, dramatically stimulated the ATP-depe... |
10559160 | Characterization of a periplasmic ATP-binding cassette iron import system of Brachyspira (Serpulina) hyodysenteriae. | The nucleotide sequence of the pathogenic spirochete Brachyspira hyodysenteriae bit (for "Brachyspira iron transport") genomic region has been determined. The bit region is likely to encode an iron ATP-binding cassette transport system with some homology to those encountered in gram-negative bacteria. Six open reading ... |
10556514 | Phospholipin, a novel heterodimeric phospholipase A2 from Pandinus imperator scp6pion venom. | The primary structure of a phospholipase A2, with unique structural and functional characteristics, was determined. The large subunit has 108 amino acid residues, linked by a disulfide bridge to the small subunit, which contains 17 residues. Its gene was cloned from a cDNA library. The nucleotide sequence showed that t... |
10551934 | [Optimal duration of primary surgery with regards to a "Borderline"-situation in polytrauma patients. Arbeitsgemeinschaft "Polytrauma" der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie]. | Primary stabilization of major fractures in polytrauma patients is known to represent an important principle of treatment and has been shown to reduce the incidence of posttraumatic complications and of organ failure. However, in critically injured patients it has been discussed that extensive primary definitive treatm... |
10551881 | Twelve species of the nucleoid-associated protein from Escherichia coli. Sequence recognition specificity and DNA binding affinity. | The genome of Escherichia coli is composed of a single molecule of circular DNA with the length of about 47,000 kilobase pairs, which is associated with about 10 major DNA-binding proteins, altogether forming the nucleoid. We expressed and purified 12 species of the DNA-binding protein, i.e. CbpA (curved DNA-binding pr... |
10551814 | Bastadin 10 stabilizes the open conformation of the ryanodine-sensitive Ca(2+) channel in an FKBP12-dependent manner. | The marine sponge Ianthella basta synthesizes at least 25 tetrameric bromotyrosine structures that possess a stringent structural requirement for modifying the gating behavior of ryanodine-sensitive Ca(2+) channels (ryanodine receptors) (RyR)). Bastadin 5 (B5) was shown to stabilize open and closed channel states with ... |
10550320 | Interaction of baboon anti-alpha-galactosyl antibody with pig tissues. | As barriers to xenotransplantation are surmounted, such as suppression of hyperacute rejection allowing improved graft survival, it becomes important to define longer-term host-xenograft interactions. To this end we have prepared in baboons high titer anti-alpha-Galactosyl (alphaGal) and anti-porcine aortic endothelial... |
10548548 | Dynamics of glycolipid domains in the plasma membrane of living cultured neurons, following protein kinase C activation: a study performed by excimer-formation imaging. | Dynamic changes of glycolipid domains within the plasma membranes of cultured rat cerebellar granule cells have been investigated. For this purpose, a pyrene-labelled derivative of G(M1) ganglioside has been incorporated in the cell plasma membrane, and the rate of excimer formation, directly related to the formation o... |
10548544 | DNA-binding activity of the transcription factor upstream stimulatory factor 1 (USF-1) is regulated by cyclin-dependent phosphorylation. | The ubiquitous transcription factor upstream stimulatory factor (USF) 1 is a member of the bzHLH (leucine zipper-basic-helix-loop-helix) family, which is structurally related to the Myc family of proteins. It plays a role in the regulation of many genes, including the cyclin B1 gene, which is active during the G2/M and... |
10548529 | Amyloid precursor protein, although partially detergent-insoluble in mouse cerebral cortex, behaves as an atypical lipid raft protein. | Lipid rafts are regions of the plasma membrane that are enriched in cholesterol, glycosphingolipids and acylated proteins, and which have been proposed as sites for the proteolytic processing of the Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein (APP). Lipid rafts can be isolated on the basis of their insolubility in Triton X-1... |
10548490 | In vitro heat effect on functional and conformational changes of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase from hyperthermophilic archaea. | The in vitro heat effect on protein characteristics of thermostable enzyme was examined using a cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase, EC 2.4.1.19) from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus sp. B1001 as a model protein. The recombinant form of CGTase was obtained as an inclusion body from Escherichia coli cell... |
10547454 | Complexation of ursodeoxycholic acid with beta-cyclodextrin-choline dichloride coprecipitate. | The inclusion complexes of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) with beta-cyclodextrin (betaCD) coprecipitated with choline dichloride (CDC) or beta-cyclodextrin were investigated to evaluate the effect of the presence of choline for UDCA inclusion in betaCD. The inclusion complexes were investigated in solution by phase solubi... |
10547375 | Regulation of fibrillin carboxy-terminal furin processing by N-glycosylation, and association of amino- and carboxy-terminal sequences. | The molecular mechanisms of fibrillin assembly into microfibrils are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated human fibrillin-1 carboxy-terminal processing and assembly using a recombinant approach. Processing of carboxy-terminal fibrillin-1 was strongly influenced by N-glycosylation at the site immediately do... |
10547351 | Endocytic mechanisms responsible for uptake of GPI-linked diphtheria toxin receptor. | We have here used diphtheria toxin as a tool to investigate the type of endocytosis used by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked molecule, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked version of the diphtheria toxin receptor that is able to mediate intoxication. The receptor is expressed in HeLa cells where clathrin-dependen... |
10545527 | Oral administration of an immunodominant T-cell epitope downregulates Th1/Th2 cytokines and prevents experimental myasthenia gravis. | The mucosal administration of the native antigen or peptide fragments corresponding to immunodominant regions is effective in preventing or treating several T cell-dependent models of autoimmune disease. No data are yet available on oral tolerance with immunodominant T-cell peptides in experimental autoimmune myastheni... |
10545449 | Fission yeast mutants that alleviate transcriptional silencing in centromeric flanking repeats and disrupt chromosome segregation. | In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe genes are transcriptionally silenced when placed within centromeres, within or close to the silent mating-type loci or adjacent to telomeres. Factors required to maintain mating-type silencing also affect centromeric silencing and chromosome segregation. We isolated mutati... |
10545478 | The MHC class II ligand lymphocyte activation gene-3 is co-distributed with CD8 and CD3-TCR molecules after their engagement by mAb or peptide-MHC class I complexes. | Previous studies indicated that signaling through lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3), a MHC class II ligand, induced by multivalent anti-receptor antibodies led to unresponsiveness to TCR stimulation. Here, lateral distribution of the LAG-3 molecules and its topological relationship (mutual proximity) to the TCR, CD8... |
10548250 | Organotin(IV) compounds as intramolecular transesterification catalysts in thermal depolymerization of poly(L-lactic acid) oligomer to form LL-lactide. | Mono-, di-, and tetraalkyl tin(IV) compounds were evaluated for the intramolecular transesterification reaction of the thermal depolymerization of poly(L-lactic acid) oligomer forming lactide by gas chromatography using a beta-cyclodextrin stationary phase capillary column. The most active catalyst was found to be mono... |
10543975 | Intrinsic helical propensities and stable secondary structure in a membrane-bound fragment (S4) of the shaker potassium channel. | The location and stability of helical secondary structure in a fragment comprising an extended sequence of the S4 transmembrane segment of the Shaker potassium channel was determined in methanol, and when bound to vesicles composed of egg phosphatidylcholine: egg phosphatidylglycerol (4:1; mol:mol) in water. The N-acet... |
10544204 | Antigen receptor-induced activation and cytoskeletal rearrangement are impaired in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein-deficient lymphocytes. | The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) has been implicated in modulation of lymphocyte activation and cytoskeletal reorganization. To address the mechanisms whereby WASp subserves such functions, we have examined WASp roles in lymphocyte development and activation using mice carrying a WAS null allele (WAS(-)(/)(-... |
10544179 | Localization of the insulin receptor in caveolae of adipocyte plasma membrane. | The insulin receptor is a transmembrane protein of the plasma membrane, where it recognizes extracellular insulin and transmits signals into the cellular signaling network. We report that insulin receptors are localized and signal in caveolae microdomains of adipocyte plasma membrane. Immunogold electron microscopy and... |
10545125 | Identification and specificities of N-terminal acetyltransferases from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. | N-terminal acetylation can occur cotranslationally on the initiator methionine residue or on the penultimate residue if the methionine is cleaved. We investigated the three N-terminal acetyltransferases (NATs), Ard1p/Nat1p, Nat3p and Mak3p. Ard1p and Mak3p are significantly related to each other by amino acid sequence,... |
10545116 | The zinc finger protein NRIF interacts with the neurotrophin receptor p75(NTR) and participates in programmed cell death. | NRIF (neurotrophin receptor interacting factor) is a ubiquitously expressed zinc finger protein of the Krüppel family which interacts with the neurotrophin receptor p75(NTR). The interaction was first detected in yeast and then biochemically confirmed using recombinant GST-NRIF fusions and p75(NTR) expressed by eukaryo... |
10545093 | Crystal structure of avian carboxypeptidase D domain II: a prototype for the regulatory metallocarboxypeptidase subfamily. | The crystal structure of domain II of duck carboxypeptidase D, a prohormone/propeptide processing enzyme integrated in a three repeat tandem in the natural system, has been solved, constituting a prototype for members of the regulatory metallocarboxypeptidase subfamily. It displays a 300 residue N-terminal alpha/beta-h... |
10542298 | Oxidized low density lipoprotein displaces endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) from plasmalemmal caveolae and impairs eNOS activation. | Hypercholesterolemia-induced vascular disease and atherosclerosis are characterized by a decrease in the bioavailability of endothelium-derived nitric oxide. Endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) associates with caveolae and is directly regulated by the caveola protein, caveolin. In the present study, we examined th... |
10543795 | In vitro utilization of amylopectin and high-amylose maize (Amylomaize) starch granules by human colonic bacteria. | It has been well established that a certain amount of ingested starch can escape digestion in the human small intestine and consequently enters the large intestine, where it may serve as a carbon source for bacterial fermentation. Thirty-eight types of human colonic bacteria were screened for their capacity to utilize ... |
10541563 | Regulation of human sperm capacitation by a cholesterol efflux-stimulated signal transduction pathway leading to protein kinase A-mediated up-regulation of protein tyrosine phosphorylation. | Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is an important intracellular event accompanying the in-vitro capacitation of mouse, bovine and human spermatozoa. Here, we demonstrate that bovine serum albumin (BSA) and NaHCO(3) are required for protein tyrosine phosphorylation in ejaculated human spermatozoa. The absence of protein ... |
10536251 | New injectable melphalan formulations utilizing (SBE)(7m)-beta-CD or HP-beta-CD. | The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of using (SBE)(7m)-beta-CD and HP-beta-CD as enabling excipients to improve on the current melphalan injectable formulation. Melphalan is an anti-neoplastic agent formulated for parenteral use as a sterile, non-pyrogenic, freeze-dried powder. It is marketed by Gl... |
10536156 | The distribution of RNA motifs in natural sequences. | Functional analysis of genome sequences has largely ignored RNA genes and their structures. We introduce here the notion of 'ribonomics' to describe the search for the distribution of and eventually the determination of the physiological roles of these RNA structures found in the sequence databases. The utility of this... |
10536141 | Cloning and analysis of a Toxoplasma gondii histone acetyltransferase: a novel chromatin remodelling factor in Apicomplexan parasites. | The yeast transcriptional adaptor GCN5 functions as a histone acetyltransferase, directly linking chromatin modification to transcriptional regulation. Homologues of yeast GCN5 have been found in Tetrahymena, Drosophila, Arabidopsis and human, suggesting that this pathway of chromatin remodelling is evolutionarily cons... |
10536816 | Dissociation energies of deoxyribose nucleotide dimer anions measured using blackbody infrared radiative dissociation. | The dissociation kinetics of deprotonated deoxyribose nucleotide dimers were measured using blackbody infrared radiative dissociation. Experiments were performed with noncovalently bound dimers of phosphate, adenosine (dAMP), cytosine (dCMP), guanosine (dGMP), thymidine (dTMP), and the mixed dimers dAMP.dTMP and dGMP.d... |
10536041 | Lactose-containing starburst dendrimers: influence of dendrimer generation and binding-site orientation of receptors (plant/animal lectins and immunoglobulins) on binding properties. | Starburst glycodendrimers offer the potential to serve as high-affinity ligands for clinically relevant sugar receptors. In order to define areas of application, their binding behavior towards sugar receptors with differential binding-site orientation but identical monosaccharide specificity must be evaluated. Using po... |
10531072 | Expression of laminins and their integrin receptors in different conditions of synovial membrane and synovial membrane-like interface tissue. | <h4>Objective</h4>To demonstrate the expression of laminins (Lns) and their integrin (Int) receptors in different synovial samples and synovial membrane-like interface tissues from well fixed and aseptically loosened total hip replacement (THR), and the potential role of Ln-Int interaction in the production of collagen... |
10527942 | Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor intermediates associate with triton-insoluble membranes in subcellular compartments that include the endoplasmic reticulum. | Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins are resistant to solubilization with Triton X-100 at 4 degrees C, and they can be recovered in Triton-insoluble membranes (TIMs) that float to a characteristic buoyant density. Because the GPI structure itself has been shown to target GPI-anchored proteins to TIMs, w... |
10527938 | Purification of multiple functional leaf-actin isoforms from Phaseolus vulgaris L. | Plant actins show diversity in their gene sequences, protein isovariants and tissue distribution in eukaryotes. Besides general difficulties with the isolation of proteins from plant material (i.e. the presence of a cell wall and high proteolytic activity), the actin concentration in any vegetative plant tissue is much... |
10518659 | Cyclodextrins and carrier systems. | This paper describes two new possibilities of using cyclodextrins to increase water solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs intended for targeting delivery by the oral or the parenteral route. They use either amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticles or polymeric nanoparticles containing cyclodextrins... |
10518482 | The supramolecular organisation of fibrillin-rich microfibrils determines the mechanical properties of bovine zonular filaments. | The zonular filaments from the eyes of cows are rich in microfibrils containing fibrillin. Tensile tests, stress-relaxation tests and X-ray diffraction studies were used to study the relationship between the mechanical behaviour of zonular filaments and the molecular packing and structure of the fibrillin-rich microfib... |
10518779 | Pigment-free NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase from Avena sativa L. Purification and substrate specificity. | The enzyme NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) is the key enzyme for light-dependent chlorophyll biosynthesis. It accumulates in dark-grown plants as the ternary enzyme-substrate complex POR-protochlorophyllide a-NADPH. Here, we describe a simple procedure for purification of pigment-free POR from etioplasts... |
10516059 | Mutations in the DG loop of adenovirus type 5 fiber knob protein abolish high-affinity binding to its cellular receptor CAR. | The amino acid residues in adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) fiber that interact with its cellular receptor, the coxsackie B virus and Ad receptor (CAR), have not been defined. To investigate this, multiple mutations were constructed in the region between residues 479 and 497 in Ad5 fiber (beta-strands E and F and the adjacent r... |
10516052 | Charge-to-alanine mutagenesis of the adeno-associated virus type 2 Rep78/68 proteins yields temperature-sensitive and magnesium-dependent variants. | The adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV) replication (Rep) proteins Rep78 and 68 (Rep78/68) exhibit a number of biochemical activities required for AAV replication, including specific binding to a 22-bp region of the terminal repeat, site-specific endonuclease activity, and helicase activity. Individual and clusters of ... |
10516016 | Identification of functional domains in the 14-kilodalton envelope protein (A27L) of vaccinia virus. | The mechanism of entry of vaccinia virus (VV) into cells is still a poorly understood process. A 14-kDa protein (encoded by the A27L gene) in the envelope of intracellular mature virus (IMV) has been implicated in virus-cell attachment, virus-cell fusion, and virus release from cells. We have previously described the s... |
10516013 | Poliovirus mutants at histidine 195 of VP2 do not cleave VP0 into VP2 and VP4. | The final stage of poliovirus assembly is characterized by a cleavage of the capsid precursor protein VP0 into VP2 and VP4. This cleavage is thought to be autocatalytic and dependent on RNA encapsidation. Analysis of the poliovirus empty capsid structure has led to a mechanistic model for VP0 cleavage involving a conse... |
10494082 | Chronic overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines and histopathology in the brains of rats infected with Trypanosoma brucei. | Overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines in the brains of transgenic animals causes brain pathology. To investigate the relationship between brain cytokines and pathology in the brains of animals with adult-onset, pathophysiologically induced brain cytokine expression, we studied rats infected with the parasite Tryp... |
29086927 | Schwann Cell-Derived Desert Hedgehog Signals Nerve Sheath Formation. | Reciprocal signaling between axons and Schwann cells during development is well established. The contribution of Schwann cells to the formation and maintenance of the protective nerve sheaths (endo-, peri-, and epineurium) has been less studied. Although mesenchymal cells contribute to all these structures, only perine... |
21662866 | Dendrimer-Mediated Adhesion between Vapor-Deposited Au and Glass or Si Wafers. | Here, we report the use of amine-terminated poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers as adhesion promoters between vapor-deposited Au films and Si-based substrates. This method is relatively simple, requiring only substrate cleaning, dipping, and rinsing. Proof of concept is illustrated by coating glass slides and single-cr... |
21662850 | Real-Time Imaging through Optical Fiber Array-Assisted Laser-Induced Fluorescence of Capillary Electrophoretic Enantiomer Separations. | An advanced detection system based on laser-induced fluorescence imaging for capillary electrophoresis (CE) is presented. An optical fiber array was constructed for collection and transportation of the emitted fluorescent light to the charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. The fiber array makes the setup compact compared ... |
18967743 | Chemometric method to optimize chiral separation of imidazole derivatives by capillary electrophoresis. | A chemometric methodology was proposed to optimize the migration time, height equivalent to a theoretical plate and separation of a mixture of a series of imidazole compounds by capillary electrophoresis. The optimization process was based on a special polynomial from 9 or 18 preliminary experiments. This method connec... |
18967740 | Poly(vinyl chloride)-based macrocyclic membrane sensors for magnesium. | Poly(vinyl chloride)-based membranes of macrocycles 4,11-dimethyl-2,4,9,11-tetraethyl-1,5,8,12-tetraaza cyclotetradeca-1,8-diene (I) and 4,11-dioxa-2,9-dimethyl-1,5,8,12-tetraaza cyclotetradeca-1,8-diene (II) with sodium tetraphenyl borate (STB) as an anion excluder and dibutyl phthalate (DBP), dioctyl phthalate (DOP),... |
10543901 | Diterpenoids from euphorbia pithyusa subsp. cupanii | The aerial parts of Euphorbia pithyusa subsp. cupanii collected in Sardinia afforded eleven novel diterpenoids belonging to the lathyrane (1a), premyrsinane (4a-g), and tigliane (5a-c) types. Compounds 4a-g and 5a are esters of two new parent alcohols, named premyrsinol and 4,12,20-trideoxyphorbol, respectively. Struct... |
10540404 | Carbohydrate Recognition through Noncovalent Interactions: A Challenge for Biomimetic and Supramolecular Chemistry. | Carbohydrates are not always as "sticky" as one might expect. Even in organic solvents they are difficult targets for the supramolecular chemist, due to their complex, three-dimensional structures. In their natural environment (water) they are especially elusive, presenting challenges which will occupy synthetic and th... |
10540388 | Guest-Controlled Formation of a Hydrogen-Bonded Molecular Capsule. | The dimerization of the self-complementary resorcarene tetraesters is triggered by the entrapment of a tropylium cation in the pi-basic cavity. Eight intermolecular OH small middle dot small middle dot small middle dotOC hydrogen bonds together with host-guest interactions such as charge transfer and C-H small middle d... |
10521346 | Multiple ink nanolithography: toward a multiple-Pen nano-plotter | The formation of intricate nanostructures will require the ability to maintain surface registry during several patterning steps. A scanning probe method, dip-pen nanolithography (DPN), can be used to pattern monolayers of different organic molecules down to a 5-nanometer separation. An "overwriting" capability of DPN a... |
10518515 | Long-range charge hopping in DNA. | The fundamental mechanisms of charge migration in DNA are pertinent for current developments in molecular electronics and electrochemistry-based chip technology. The energetic control of hole (positive ion) multistep hopping transport in DNA proceeds via the guanine, the nucleobase with the lowest oxidation potential. ... |
10514250 | Substrate and Enzyme Characteristics that Limit Cellulose Hydrolysis. | The ability and, consequently, the limitations of various microbial enzyme systems to completely hydrolyze the structural polysaccharides of plant cell walls has been the focus of an enormous amount of research over the years. As more and more of these extracellular enzymatic systems are being identified and characteri... |
10498919 | Designing dendrimers for drug delivery. | Dendrimers are highly branched three-dimensional macromolecules with highly controlled structures, a single molecular weight, a large number of controllable 'peripheral' functionalities and a tendency to adopt a globular shape once a certain size is reached. These features have made their application in pharmaceutical ... |
10479733 | Exploring the (1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucan conformational phase diagrams to optimize the linear to macrocycle conversion of the triple-helical polysaccharide scleroglucan | The immunologically important (1 --> 6) comb-like branched (1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucans scleroglucan, schizophyllan, lentinan, and others, exist mainly as linear triple-helical structures in aqueous solution. Partial interconversion from linear to circular topology has been reported to take place following conformational t... |
11674748 | Total Synthesis and Structural Refinement of the Cyclic Tripyrrole Pigment Nonylprodigiosin. | The first total synthesis of the cyclic prodigiosin derivative 4 is described, which constitutes a potential lead compound for the development of immunosuppressive agents. The key steps of this approach comprise a palladium-catalyzed Suzuki cross coupling reaction of the rather unstable pyrrole boronic acid derivative ... |
11674722 | Stereoselective Photodimerization of (E)-Stilbenes in Crystalline gamma-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes. | Solid-state irradiation of the crystalline inclusion complex of (E)-stilbene in gamma-cyclodextrin (gamma-CD) yields a single isomer of syn-tetraphenylcyclobutane stereoselectively in high yield. In contrast, the photodimerization of stilbene in solution is very inefficient and unselective, and no photodimer is observe... |
11674719 | Catalysts, Anticatalysts, and Receptors for Unactivated Phosphate Diesters in Water. | A set of substituted bisguanidines have been prepared and examined for their ability to bind and catalyze the hydrolysis of uridylyl-3',5'-uridine (UpU), an unactivated RNA substrate in water. The unexpected result is that this set includes both catalysts (binding the transition state better than the ground state) and ... |
11674717 | A General Methodology for Automated Solid-Phase Synthesis of Depsides and Depsipeptides. Preparation of a Valinomycin Analogue. | A general methodology is described that allows the solid-phase synthesis of depsides and depsipeptides from chiral alpha-hydroxy- and alpha-amino acids. The results of studies with different protecting groups for the alpha-hydroxy acids and coupling systems for depside bond formation are presented. The oligomers were p... |
11671205 | Reactions of Dimethyl Sulfite with Diorganotin Oxides. One-Pot Synthesis of Methoxydiorganotin Methanesulfonates through the Arbuzov Rearrangement, Spectroscopic Characterization of These Compounds and Their Derivatives, and X-ray Crystal Structures of n-Bu(2)Sn(X)OS(O)(2)Me (X = acac, bzbz, OH). | One-pot reactions of diorganotin oxides, R(2)SnO, with dimethyl sulfite under reflux conditions (125-127 degrees C) proceed via the Arbuzov rearrangement at the sulfur center, yielding the corresponding methoxydiorganotin methanesulfonates, R(2)Sn(OMe)OS(O)(2)Me [R = n-Pr (1), n-Bu (2), i-Bu (3), c-Hx (4)], as white, h... |
11671170 | Two Novel Lithium-15-Crown-5 Complexes: An Extended LiCl Chain Stabilized by Crown Ether and a Dimeric Complex Stabilized by Hydrogen Bonding with Water. | Two lithium chloride-15C5 (15C5 = 15-crown-5) complexes, [Li(15C5)(&mgr;-Cl)(2)Li](infinity), 1, and {[Li(15C5)(H(2)O)]Cl}(2), 2, were synthesized. Their structures, characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, are dictated by the absence of or presence of water. Complex 1, prepared in an anhydrous envir... |
11671162 | NMR Study of Dendrimer Structures Using Paramagnetic Cobalt(II) as a Probe. | Cobalt(II) has been utilized as an external paramagnetic (1)H NMR probe for the study of the structure of dendrimers that possess specifically located metal recognition sites. The isotropically shifted (1)H NMR signals of the Co(II) complexes of two 2,6-diamidopyridine-containing dendrimers have been fully assigned by ... |
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