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10560971 | A molecular cytogenetic analysis of the tribe Bovini (Artiodactyla: Bovidae: Bovinae) with an emphasis on sex chromosome morphology and NOR distribution. | Q-band comparisons were made among representative species of the four genera of the tribe Bovini (Bos, Bison, Bubalus, Syncerus) as well as to selected outgroup taxa representing the remaining two tribes of the subfamily Bovinae (nilgai, Boselaphini; eland, Tragelphini), the Bovidae subfamily Caprinae (domestic sheep) ... |
10560970 | Chromosomal characteristics of ribosomal DNA in the primitive semionotiform fish, longnose gar Lepisosteus osseus. | The chromosomes of longnose gar, Lepisosteus osseus, an extant representative of early radiation of actinopterygian fishes, were studied using conventional Giemsa-staining, Ag-staining, CMA3-fluorescence and fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH). The diploid chromosome number was 2n = 56 and the karyotype contained... |
10560969 | Karyotype relationships between four distantly related marsupials revealed by reciprocal chromosome painting. | Marsupial karyotypes have shown extensive conservation even between distantly related groups with a high diversity of life forms and reproductive biology. Banding analysis has been the main test for assessing their homologies and chromosome rearrangements. More recently, cross-species reciprocal chromosome painting has... |
10560968 | TTAGG telomeric repeats in chromosomes of some insects and other arthropods. | We studied the occurrence of the TTAGG telomere repeats by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) and Southern hybridization in ten insect species and two other arthropods. (TTAGG)n-containing telomeres were found in three Lepidoptera species, the silkworm Bombyx mori (in which the telomeric sequence was recently di... |
10560966 | Flow karyotyping and sorting of mitotic chromosomes of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). | A high-yield method for isolation of barley chromosomes in suspension, their analysis and sorting using flow cytometry is described. To accumulate meristem root tip cells at metaphase, actively growing roots were subjected to subsequent treatment with 2 mmol/L hydroxyurea for 18 h, 2.5 micromol/L amiprophos methyl for ... |
10560964 | Imaging of single DNA molecule: applications to high-resolution genomic studies. | Single molecule analysis of DNA has revealed new insights into its structural and physical properties. The application of new methods for manipulating and visualizing DNA has resulted in important advances in high-resolution physical mapping of the genome and quantitative cytogenetic studies of genomic abnormalities (L... |
10550888 | Enantioresolution of pharmaceutical compounds by capillary electrophoresis. Use of cyclodextrins and antibiotics. | Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a powerful tool for the analysis of chiral compounds of pharmaceutical interest. The separation of enantiomers can be achieved using a chiral environment responsible for the diastereoisomers formation (stable or labile in the indirect or direct separation method, respectively). A wide ... |
10528415 | [Practical aspects of early enteral feeding]. | "Gut injury" and a corresponding impaired gut barrier function are thought to have a high impact on the development of multiple organ failure (MOF) in the critically ill. Mucosal lesions and increased intestinal permeability can provoke translocation of bacteria and endotoxins and initiate local and/or systemic immune-... |
10523781 | Influence of acceleration voltages on relative ion intensities in the post-source decay fragmentation of isomeric cyclic oligosaccharides by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. | The isomeric sugar-branched cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives of 6-O-glucosyl-betaCD (G1-betaCD) and 6,6-di-O-glucosyl-alphaCD (G1, G1-alphaCD) were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry at the different acceleration voltages of 20 and 8 kV. In the post-source ... |
10515215 | The DAPI banded karyotype of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris) generated using chromosome-specific paint probes. | The domestic dog (Canis familiaris) is widely used as a model in the study of human disease. However, many of the 78 chromosomes comprising the canine karyotype are extremely difficult to identify reliably by classical cytogenetics. This has been a major hindrance to molecular cytogenetic studies of this species. The A... |
10515214 | The 5S rRNA gene clusters have a defined orientation toward the nucleolus in Petunia hybrida and Crepis capillaris. | The 3D localization of the 5S ribosomal RNA genes was studied in cells of the cortex zone of roots in the plant species Petunia hybrida inbred line V26 and in Crepis capillaris. The analysis was carried out on interphase nuclei (both species) and on prophase nuclei (C. capillaris). The 5S ribosomal RNA genes were detec... |
10515213 | Identification of the gene-richest bands in human prometaphase chromosomes. | The human genome is a mosaic of long, compositionally homogeneous DNA segments, the isochores, that can be partitioned into five families, two GC-poor families (L1 and L2), representing 63% of the genome, and three GC-rich families (H1, H2 and H3), representing 24%, 7.5% and 4-5% of the genome, respectively. Gene conce... |
10515212 | Bivalent 15 regularly associates with the sex vesicle in normal male meiosis. | Using fluorescent in-situ hybridization, we investigated the positioning of different human bivalents at the pachytene stage of normal male meiosis. We showed that, in about 35% of nuclei, the pericentromeric region of bivalent 15 is closely associated with the sex vesicle (SV). This behaviour may be linked to the pres... |
10515211 | Chromosomal localization of 5S rDNA genes in Leporinus fish (Anostomidae, Characiformes). | The large 45S rDNA chromosome sites have often been analyzed in fish. In contrast, little is known about the 5S genes in this animal group. In the genus Leporinus, the NOR chromosomal location has been shown to be very diverse. In the present work, chromosome mapping of 5S rDNA in three anostomids, Leporinus elongatus,... |
10515210 | An easy and reliable procedure of microdissection technique for the analysis of chromosomal breakpoints and marker chromosomes. | Microdissection in combination with reverse painting fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) is a very effective method to identify breakpoints and rearrangements of derived chromosomes and reveal the chromosomal origin of marker chromosomes. We describe an innovation that allows a convenient, fast and safe isolation... |
10515209 | Purification and initial characterization of primate satellite chromatin. | Nucleoprotein hybridization, a method for the purification of specific DNA sequences as chromatin, was employed to fractionate primate centromeric alpha satellite chromatin as a first step in the identification and analysis of novel centromere-enriched proteins. In order to optimize the amount of material available for... |
10515208 | Chromosomal homologies between Drosophila melanogaster and D. funebris determined by in-situ hybridization. | Seventeen biotin-labeled DNA sequences were hybridized to polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster and D. funebris in order to establish chromosomal homologies between these species. Ten probes correspond to cloned DNA sequences from D. melanogaster (RpII 215, MHC, H3-H4, Tor, hsp 68, hsp 28/23, hsp 83, PP1alpha... |
10515207 | Somatic pairing between subtelomeric chromosome regions: implications for human genetic disease? | Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) has been used to study the spatial orientation of subtelomeric chromosome regions in the interphase nucleus. Compared to interstitial chromosomal sites, subtelomeres showed an increased number of somatic pairings. However, pairing frequency also depended on the specific regions... |
10506430 | Chiral discrimination of the analgesic cizolirtine by using cyclodextrins: A (1)H NMR study on the solution structures of their host-guest complexes. | The use of four cyclodextrins (three native and one beta-CD derivative) as NMR chiral solvating agents to resolve the enantiomers of (+/-)-cizolirtine, 1, and its chemical precursor (the carbinol, (+/-)-2), was investigated. The best enantiodiscrimination occurred when beta-cyclodextrin was used. ROESY experiments were... |
10494623 | Cellular and molecular mechanisms of sexual incompatibility in plants and fungi. | Plants and fungi show an astonishing diversity of mechanisms to promote outbreeding, the most widespread of which is sexual incompatibility. Sexual incompatibility involves molecular recognition between mating partners. In fungi and algae, highly polymorphic mating-type loci mediate mating through complementary interac... |
10483712 | Separation of the voriconazole stereoisomers by capillary electrophoresis and liquid chromatography. | A chiral capillary electrophoresis (CE) method has been developed for the direct separation of the four stereoisomers of a new broad spectrum antifungal agent, voriconazole. Cyclodextrin (CD) modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography employing, alpha-CD, beta-CD, gamma-CD, hydroxypropyl-beta-CD and hydroxyethyl-b... |
10481867 | [Interferon alfa-2b treatment of adult patients during early chronic phase of Ph1-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (initial report on a cooperative study, protocol CML-MIG-97)]. | <h4>Aim</h4>Evaluation of clinical effectiveness of two regimens of induction therapy of an early chronic stage of Ph'-positive chronic myeloid leukemia including interferon-alpha 2b (intron-A, "Schering Plough") in a cooperative randomised trial on the protocol CML MIG-97.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>42 patients with... |
10478955 | Raman and solid state 13C-NMR investigation of the structure of the 1 : 1 amorphous piroxicam : beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound. | The results of a Raman and solid state 13C-NMR spectroscopic investigation aimed at studying the conformation of piroxicam (P) and its interaction with beta-cyclodextrin (betaCD) in 1 : 1 amorphous PbetaCD inclusion compound are reported. The 1700-1200 cm(-1) FT-Raman and the 13C CP/MAS NMR spectra of 1 : 1 PbetaCD inc... |
10467315 | Chiral recognition of verapamil by cyclodextrins studied with capillary electrophoresis, NMR spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. | Capillary electrophoresis (CE) allows the observation of the opposite affinities of the enantiomers of (+/-)-verapamil [2-isopropyl-2,8-bis(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-6-azaoctannitrile+ ++, VP] toward beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) and heptakis(2,3, 6-tri-O-methyl)-beta-CD (TM-beta-CD). In addition, in the presence of ... |
10467314 | S-perindopril assay using a potentiometric, enantioselective membrane electrode. | A potentiometric, enantioselective membrane electrode based on graphite paste (graphite powder and paraffin oil) has been constructed. The graphite paste is impregnated with a 10(-3) mol/L 2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammoniopropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (as chloride salt) solution. The potentiometric, enantioselective membrane ele... |
10467312 | Prediction of chiral separations using a combination of experimental design and artificial neural networks. | In this work the advantages of using artificial neural networks (ANNs) combined with experimental design (ED) to optimize the separation of amino acids enantiomers, with alpha-cyclodextrin as chiral selector, were demonstrated. The results obtained with the ED-ANN approach were compared with those of either the partial... |
10461876 | Hypothesis: for the worst and for the best, L1Hs retrotransposons actively participate in the evolution of the human centromeric alphoid sequences. | A number of questions concerning the evolution and the function of the alpha satellite DNA sequences present at the centromere of all human chromosomes are still open. In this paper, we present data which could contribute to understanding these points. It is shown here that the alphoid sequences within which L1 element... |
10461875 | AFLPs represent highly repetitive sequences in Asparagus officinalis L. | The chromosomal and genomic organization of 5 cloned AFLP fragments in asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) were investigated. Two of the 5 AFLP loci were sex-linked. The fragments, amplified with EcoRI/Mse I primers, ranged from 107 to 267 bp and were AT-rich. Southern hybridization gave interspersed, middle repetitiv... |
10461874 | Comparative painting reveals strong chromosome homology over 80 million years of bird evolution. | Chickens and the great flightless emu belong to two distantly related orders of birds in the carinate and ratite subclasses that diverged at least 80 million years ago. In the first ZOO-FISH study between bird species, we hybridized single chromosome paints from the chicken (Gallus domesticus) onto the emu chromosomes.... |
10461873 | X-irradiation of G1 CHO cells induces SCE which are both true and false in BrdU-substituted cells but only false in biotin-dUTP-substituted cells. | The SCE-test is widely used in genetic toxicology and therefore knowledge of the contribution of BrdU to the formation of spontaneous and induced SCE is of great importance. The present study was undertaken to analyse the role of BrdU in X-ray-induced SCE. If SCE resulted from inversions, rings and double minutes (RDM)... |
10461872 | Comparative genome analysis in American marsupials: chromosome banding and in-situ hybridization. | We performed a comparative analysis of the G- and C-banded karyotypes of seven species of didelphid marsupials, representing the three diploid numbers (2n = 14, 18 and 22) known to occur in this family. In addition to a great similarity among karyotypes with the same diploid numbers, we also identified homeologies for ... |
10461871 | Conservation of centromere protein in vertebrates. | The chicken genome comprises 78 chromosomes which include several macrochromosomes and many microchromosomes. Very little information is currently available concerning chicken centromere structure and function and it is unclear if the two types of chromosomes share a common centromere mechanism or whether this mechanis... |
10461870 | Ribosomal DNA location in the scarab beetle Thorectes intermedius (Costa) (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) using banding and fluorescent in-situ hybridization. | Mitotic metaphase chromosomes of the scarab beetle Thorectes intermedius (Costa) (Coleoptera Scarabaeoidea: Geotrupidae) were analyzed using various banding methods and fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) with a ribosomal probe. The results obtained indicate that silver and CMA3 staining are unable to localize the... |
10461869 | Chromosomal polymorphisms due to supernumerary chromosomes and pericentric inversions in the eyelidless microteiid lizard Nothobachia ablephara (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae). | Cytogenetic studies were performed on eight specimens of the monotypic microteiid lizard Nothobachia ablephara, endemic of the sand dunes of the middle São Francisco river, in the semiarid caatinga, State of Bahia, Brazil. Chromosomes from fibroblast cultures were analysed after conventional, Ag-NOR staining, C-, and r... |
10453986 | The role of cholesterol and sphigomyelin in tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins and capping of Fcgamma receptor II. | Cross-linking of cell surface receptors by multivalent ligands, e.g. by antibodies, evokes their clustering -- patching. Subsequently, these clusters can be translocated by the acto-myosin machinery toward one pole of the cell and assembly cap. Patching of FcgammaRII in U937 cells correlates with tyrosine phosphorylati... |
10445039 | Structure-functional effects of ethanol on Drosophila melanogaster acetylcholinesterase probed by kinetic studies with substrate and inhibitors. | Ethanol is commonly used to extract and dissolve insecticides acting as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7). Here, experiments were undertaken to investigate the influence of solvent on the reaction and inhibition of the enzyme from Drosophila melanogaster. Ethanol (up to 20% by volume) is shown to induce a... |
10423285 | Molecular parity violation via comets? | Recent theoretical and experimental investigations referring to the origin of homochirality are reviewed and integrated into the hitherto known state of the art. Attention is directed to an extraterrestrial scenario, which describes the interaction of circularly polarized synchrotron radiation with interstellar organic... |
10421383 | Telomeric (TTAGGG)n sequences are associated with nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) in the wood lemming. | The distribution of the (TTAGGG)n telomeric sequence was studied in chromosomes of the wood lemming, Myopus schisticolor, by fluorescence in-situ hybridization. As expected, the hybridization signals were observed at telomeres of all chromosomes. However, quite a number of interstitial telomeric sites were present in t... |
10421382 | Localization and characterization of nucleotide sequences from the canine Y chromosome. | We previously reported the identification of a male-specific 658-bp DNA sequence in dogs. We used a specific primer pair designed for PCR amplification of this fragment with DNA samples from 238 dogs, 6 dingoes and 12 wolves. All 133 male samples amplified the 658-bp sequence, whereas all female samples did not. The se... |
10421381 | Comparative karyotype of rat and mouse using bidirectional chromosome painting. | A comparative karyotype of rat (Rattus norvegicus) and mouse (Mus musculus) based on chromosome G-banding morphology, heterologous chromosome painting results and available gene mapping data is proposed. Whole chromosome painting probes from both species were generated by PARM-PCR amplification of flow sorted chromosom... |
10421380 | Rye chromosome variability in wheat-rye addition and substitution lines. | In a study of polymorphism and stability in rye chromosomes, three rye varieties and the sets of wheat-rye addition and substitution lines were compared using two non-homologous highly repetitive DNA families, pSc200 and pSc250. The rye varieties, Petkus, Imperial and Onohoiskaya, showed polymorphism for the presence a... |
10421379 | Multiple causes of size variation in the diploid megabase chromosomes of African tyrpanosomes. | The chromosomes of many protozoans are polymorphic in size, but African trypanosomes contain diploid homologues which are exceptionally size-polymorphic. We present the first complete analysis of the structure of a Trypanosoma brucei megabase chromosome which reveals the concentration of repetitive sequence, non-random... |
10421378 | Sister chromatid differentiation with biotin-dUTP. | The method of choice to differentiate sister chromatids is to incorporate BrdU in replicating DNA. The disadvantage of BrdU is that its spontaneous or induced radicalization may itself lead to sister chromatid exchanges. Biotin-labelled dUTP is a widely used thymidine analogon for labelling isolated DNA. Its chemical s... |
10421377 | Localization of HTLV-1 and HIV-1 proviral sequences in chromosomes of persistently infected cells. | Integration sites for HTLV-1 and HIV-1proviruses were detected by FISH on the chromosomes of HTHIV27 cells persistently infected by HIV-1 (strain IIIB). HTLV-1 signals were found on 9 loci of chromosomes 4, 6, 9, 15 and 16. Integration sites of GC-rich HTLV-1 provirus are located in GC-rich isochores, confirming an 'is... |
10421376 | Chromosome painting in marsupials: genome conservation in the kangaroo family. | In order to deduce the ancestral genome arrangement in the karyotypically diverse marsupial family Macropodidae, and to assess chromosome change in this family, chromosome-specific paints from the tammar wallaby (2n = 16) were hybridized to metaphase spreads from the two species proposed to represent the 2n = 22 ancest... |
10421375 | Protein binding to simple repetitive sequences depends on DNA secondary structure(s). | Simple repetitive DNA sequences are ubiquitous constituents of eukaryotic chromosomes. The properties of simple repeats generate increased interest as expansions of certain trinucleotide blocks cause human diseases. We studied protein binding and structural features of (gaa x ttc)n tracts e.g. in the polymorphic fratax... |
10413873 | Effect of oleanolic acid-cyclodextrin inclusion compounds on dental caries by in vitro experiment and rat-caries model. | Earlier work in vitro showed that oleanolic acid (OA) was a potential inhibitor of insoluble glucan (ISG) synthesis from mutans streptococci (MS). In this study, two oleanolic acid-cyclodextrin inclusion compounds (OA-CDs), oleanolic acid-G1-beta-cyclodextrin (OA-G1-beta CD) and oleanolic acid-beta-cyclodextrin (OA-bet... |
10410793 | Raman spectroscopy of protein and nucleic acid assemblies. | The Raman spectrum of a protein or nucleic acid consists of numerous discrete bands representing molecular normal modes of vibration and serves as a sensitive and selective fingerprint of three-dimensional structure, intermolecular interactions, and dynamics. Recent improvements in instrumentation, coupled with innovat... |
10398398 | A strategy for the generation of biomimetic ligands for affinity chromatography. Combinatorial synthesis and biological evaluation of an IgG binding ligand. | An IgG-binding ligand library comprising 88 adsorbents based on a known lead compound (Li et al., 1998) was generated on an agarose solid phase. Individual members of the library were synthesized in two chemical steps using cyanuric chloride as the scaffold immobilized on the beaded support. The library was screened fo... |
10398397 | Design, synthesis and characterisation of affinity ligands for glycoproteins. | The concepts of rational design and solid phase combinatorial chemistry were used to develop affinity adsorbents for glycoproteins. A detailed assessment of protein-carbohydrate interactions was used to identify key residues that determine monosaccharide specificity, which were subsequently exploited as the basis for t... |
10398396 | Synthesis and properties of new coenzyme mimics based on the artificial coenzyme CL4. | We have previously shown that a range of nicotinamide containing 'biomimetic coenzymes' function as active analogues of NAD+ in the oxidation of alcohols by horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (HLADH), despite their apparently astonishing lack of structural similarity to the natural coenzyme. The simplest structure as ye... |
10398395 | Receptins: a novel term for an expanding spectrum of natural and engineered microbial proteins with binding properties for mammalian proteins. | A new term 'receptin', derived from recipere (lat.), is proposed to denote microbial binding proteins that interact with mammalian target proteins. An example of such a 'receptin' is staphyloccocal protein A which binds to the Fc part of many mammalian immunoglobulins. Several other types of 'receptins' are listed. Thi... |
10398394 | Epitope mapping of a monoclonal antibody directed against the alpha-subunit of phosphofructokinase-1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae by screening phage display libraries. | Phosphofructokinase-1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is composed of two types of subunits, alpha and beta. Subunit-specific monoclonal antibodies were raised to elucidate structural and functional properties of both subunits. One monoclonal antibody, alpha-F3, binds to an epitope either at the C-terminal or at the N-ter... |
10398393 | Comparison of the three-dimensional structures of a humanized and a chimeric Fab of an anti-gamma-interferon antibody. | The objective of this work is to compare the three-dimensional structures of "humanized" and mouse-human chimeric forms of a murine monoclonal antibody elicited against human gamma-interferon. It is also to provide structural explanations for the small differences in the affinities and biological interactions of the tw... |
10398392 | Isothermal titration calorimetry and differential scanning calorimetry as complementary tools to investigate the energetics of biomolecular recognition. | The principles of isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) are reviewed together with the basic thermodynamic formalism on which the two techniques are based. Although ITC is particularly suitable to follow the energetics of an association reaction between biomolecules, the com... |
10380353 | Small dipeptide-based HIV protease inhibitors containing the hydroxymethylcarbonyl isostere as an ideal transition-state mimic. | The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) codes for an aspartic protease known to be essential for retroviral maturation and replication. HIV protease is formed from two identical 99 amino acid peptides. We synthesized [(NHCH2CH2-S-CH2CO)51-52, Ala67,95]HIV-1 protease using the thioether chemical ligation method, and then... |
10380230 | Recognition between disordered polypeptide chains from cleavage of an alpha/beta domain: self-versus non-self-association. | Advances in structural biology have provoked a re-evaluation of the biological significance of the disordered state of proteins. We believe that the rules that govern structure, stability and kinetics in the molecular recognition between disordered polypeptide chains can be elucidated by studying processes that couple ... |
10380216 | Thermodynamics and kinetics of ligand-protein binding studied with the weighted histogram analysis method and simulated annealing. | The thermodynamics of ligand-protein molecular recognition is investigated by the energy landscape approach for two systems: methotrexate(MTX)--dihydrofolate reductase(DHFR) and biotin-streptavidin. The temperature-dependent binding free energy profile is determined using the weighted histogram analysis method. Two dif... |
10348602 | Chiral stationary phases in HPLC for the stereoselective determination of methadone. | An extensive study of the behavior of three chiral stationary phases (CSP) is presented for the stereoselective determination of methadone. The following chromatographic columns were selected: a cellulose, Chiralcel OJ; a modified cyclodextrin. Cyclobond I 2000 RSP, and a protein, Chiral-AGP. Retention factors, enantio... |
10341870 | Efficient adventitial gene delivery to rabbit carotid artery with cationic polymer-plasmid complexes. | Different lipids and cationic polymers were tested in vitro for their ability to transfect rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells and human endothelial cells with lacZ marker gene. Toxicity of the complexes was evaluated with MTT assay. Selected plasmid-polymer complexes with different charge ratios were then tested for in ... |
10342380 | Development and characterisation of supramolecular autovectoring system for selective drug delivery. | Supramolecules since ages have been characterised as self-associating systems emanating the properties directly related to the mode of molecular association. Similar to supramolecules, liquid crystals may also be considered as an associated system. The liquid crystals are defined as the state of matter with the charact... |
10332735 | Structural intermediates in influenza haemagglutinin-mediated fusion. | Fusion pore formation in the haemagglutinin (HA)-mediated fusion is a culmination of a multistep process, which involves low-pH triggered refolding of HA and rearrangement of membrane lipid bilayers. This rearrangement was arrested or slowed down by either altering lipid composition of the membranes, or lowering the de... |
10328627 | NOR heteromorphism within a parthenogenetic lineage of the aphid Megoura viciae. | In parthenogenetic females of a clone of the aphid Megoura viciae (Homoptera, Aphididae), more than 50% of the cells show heteromorphism between homologous NORs which are located on one telomeric region of the two X chromosomes. Using different techniques, such as staining with the CG-specific fluorochrome chromomycin ... |
10328626 | Structural analysis and physical mapping of a pericentromeric region of chromosome 5 of Arabidopsis thaliana. | The Arabidopsis thaliana CIC YAC 2D2, 510 kb long and containing a small block of 180 bp satellite units was subcloned after EcoR1 digestion in the pBluescript plasmid. One of these clones was mapped genetically in the pericentromeric region of chromosome 5. The analysis of 40 subclones of this YAC showed that they all... |
10328625 | Pericentric satellite DNA and molecular phylogeny in Acomys (Rodentia). | Satellite DNAs (stDNAs) of four Acomys species (spiny-mice), A. cahirinus, A. cineraceus, A. dimidiatus and A. russatus, belong to closely related sequence families. Monomer sizes range from 338 to 364 bp. Between-species sequence identity was from 81.0% to 97.2%. The molecular phylogeny of the sequences helps to clari... |
10328624 | Attachment of kinetochores to spindle microtubules during meiosis I of Lilium microsporocytes. | Kinetochores and microtubules were visualized simultaneously during spindle formation at the first meiotic division in microsporocytes of Lilium longiflorum (2n = 24) under a confocal laser-scanning microscope, after immunofluorescence staining with centromere-recognizing antiserum and tubulin-specific antibody. During... |
10328623 | Cytogenetic alignment of the bovine chromosome 13 genome map by fluorescence in-situ hybridization of human chromosome 10 and 20 comparative markers. | A bovine bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library was screened for the presence of six genes (IL2RA, VIM, THBD, PLC-II, CSNK2A1 and TOP1) previously assigned to human chromosomes 10 or 20 (HSA10 or HSA20). Four of the genes were found represented in the bovine BAC library by at least one clone. The identified BAC ... |
10328622 | Construction of chromosome-specific paints for meta- and submetacentric autosomes and the sex chromosomes in the horse and their use to detect homologous chromosomal segments in the donkey. | A pilot study comparing horse and donkey karyotypes on a molecular basis was initiated using the chromosomal microdissection approach. All equine meta- and submetacentric chromosomes, viz. ECA1 to ECA13 and the X and Y chromosomes, were microdissected. The DNA was PCR amplified, non-radioactively labelled and used as p... |
10328621 | A novel repetitive sequence, termed the JNK repeat family, located on an extra heterochromatic region of chromosome 2R of Japanese rye. | Among cultivated rye, Seccale cereale L., collected in Japan, we found an extra heterochromatin on the long-arm interstitial region of chromosome 2R. This extra heterochromatin was polymorphic in the population. The plants with the extra heterochromatin showed a specific DNA fragment of 1.2 kb in digests prepared with ... |
10328620 | Chromosomal localization of 5S rRNA gene loci and the implications for relationships within the Allium complex. | Chromosomal localizations and distribution patterns of the 5S rRNA genes by means of fluorescence in-situ hybridization in diploid Allium species could help to classify species into chromosome types and aid in determining relationships among genomes. All eleven diploid species were classified into five types, A to E. S... |
10328619 | Unusually high amount of inactive ribosomal DNA in the grasshopper Stauroderus scalaris. | Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) was employed to determine the chromosomal location of the ribosomal DNA cistrons in spermatocytes of two populations of the grasshopper Stauroderus scalaris. The results showed that paracentromeric C-bands, which in this species constitute about 50% of the total chromatin, cont... |
10325759 | Adrenal insufficiency in septic shock. | <h4>Background</h4>Functional adrenal insufficiency has been documented in critically ill adults.<h4>Objective</h4>To document the incidence of adrenal insufficiency in children with septic shock, and to evaluate its effect on catecholamine requirements, duration of intensive care, and mortality.<h4>Setting</h4>Sixteen... |
10320929 | Patterns of cellular activities based on protein sorting in cell motility, endocytosis and cytokinesis. | In order to move persistently, a cell has to harmonize its protrusion and retraction with attachment and detachment from the substrate. Time-series analyses based on fluctuations in these activities are being used in combination with advanced imaging techniques to unravel the network of protein-protein interactions tha... |
10230242 | Acute pancreatitis and deep vein thrombosis associated with HELLP syndrome. | The HELLP syndrome (HS) belongs to the list of obstetric complications believed to be associated with coagulation disorders. It was formerly thought that chronic intravascular clotting (DIC) in the placental vessels was the main cause. A hypercoagulable state has been reported in cases of severe HS associated with micr... |
10219394 | Validation of animal experiments on ciliary function in vitro. II. The influence of absorption enhancers, preservatives and physiologic saline. | Ciliary beat frequency (CBF) is one of the most important parameters of mucociliary clearance. Previously, we demonstrated that mucosa from chicken embryo trachea is a good substitute for human ciliated epithelium to study the effects on CBF of substances that are used clinically. In this study, we examined the effect ... |
10219879 | Reorientation of the acetyl group of the photoactive bacteriopheophytin in reaction centers of Rhodobacter sphaeroides: an ENDOR/TRIPLE resonance study. | The freeze-trapped bacteriopheophytin alpha radical anion phi(*)A- has been investigated by 1H-ENDOR/Special TRIPLE resonance spectroscopy in photosynthetic reaction centers of Rhodobacter sphaeroides, in which the Tyr at position M210 had been replaced by either Phe, Leu, His or Trp. In the wild type reaction center a... |
10219734 | Characterization of an alphoid subfamily located near p-arm sequences on human chromosome 22. | The centromeric heterochromatin of all human chromosomes is composed of tandemly repeated alpha satellite DNA. Here we describe another alphoid subfamily that maps to human chromosome 22 as determined by FISH. The alphoid sequences were isolated from three YAC-clones carrying DNA from the pericentromeric region of the ... |
10219733 | ZOO-FISH analysis in a species of the order Chiroptera: Glossophaga soricina (Phyllostomidae). | Glossophaga soricina is a flower-visiting bat which lives in the neotropics. The diploid chromosome number is 2n = 32 with a fundamental number of autosomal arms, FN, of 60. G. soricina belongs to the Microchiroptera which have a lower diploid DNA content and a higher AT composition in their DNA compared with other mam... |
10219732 | Cytogenetics in Brachidontes rodriguezi d'Orb (Bivalvia, Mytilidae). | The chromosomes of Brachidontes rodriguezi were analysed by means of direct Giemsa staining, silver staining, fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) with 18S + 28S rDNA probes, replication banding and chromomycin A3 (CMA) and DAPI fluorescence banding techniques. The diploid chromosome number in this species is 32 an... |
10219731 | Conservation of human gamma-X centromeric satellite DNA among primates with an autosomal localization in certain Old World monkeys. | Gamma-X satellite DNA is a 220-bp tandemly arranged repetitive DNA with specificity for the centromeric region of the human X chromosome. The conservation of this human X centromeric satellite DNA sequence in primate species was evaluated by comparative fluorescence in-situ hybridization to metaphase chromosome prepara... |
10219730 | Evidence for heteromorphic sex chromosomes in males of Rana tagoi and Rana sakuraii in Nishitama district of Tokyo (Anura: Ranidae). | Karyotypes of the Tago brown frog Rana tagoi and stream Tago brown frog Rana sakuraii from a mountain region in the Nishitama district in Tokyo were examined by conventional Giemsa staining, C-banding and late replication (LR)-banding. Chromosome number was 2n = 26 in all cases. The 26 chromosomes consisted of five (1-... |
10219729 | Supernumerary chromosome variation, heteromorphic sex chromosomes and banding patterns in microteiid lizards of the genus Micrablepharus (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) | Cytogenetic investigations using differential staining (C-, replication R-banding and Ag-NOR staining) were performed in the two known species of the microteiid lizards of the genus Micrablepharus: M. maximiliani and M. atticolus. M. atticolus showed diploid number variation (2n = 50, 51, 52, 53) due to a system of sup... |
10219728 | Visualization of prekinetochore locus on the centromeric region of highly extended chromatin fibers: does kinetochore autoantigen CENP-C constitute a kinetochore organizing center? | Kinetochore is morphologically defined as a trilaminated, highly differentiated structure at the primary constriction of mitotic chromosomes. This subcellular organella is assumed to be composed of DNA and proteins. Immunoelectron microscopy has shown that centromere autoantigens CENP-C and CENP-B localize to the kinet... |
10219727 | Stability of a functional murine satellite DNA-based artificial chromosome across mammalian species. | A 60-Mb murine chromosome consisting of murine pericentric satellite DNA and two bands of integrated marker and reporter genes has been generated de novo in a rodent/human hybrid cell line (mM2C1). This prototype mammalian artificial chromosome platform carries a normal centromere, and the expression of its beta-galact... |
10210191 | Structural comparisons of TIM barrel proteins suggest functional and evolutionary relationships between beta-galactosidase and other glycohydrolases. | Beta-galactosidase (lacZ) from Escherichia coli is a 464 kDa homotetramer. Each subunit consists of five domains, the third being an alpha/beta barrel that contains most of the active site residues. A comparison is made between each of the domains and a large set of proteins representative of all structures from the pr... |
10210190 | Substitution of the methionine residues of calmodulin with the unnatural amino acid analogs ethionine and norleucine: biochemical and spectroscopic studies. | Calmodulin (CaM) is a 148-residue regulatory calcium-binding protein that activates a wide range of target proteins and enzymes. Calcium-saturated CaM has a bilobal structure, and each domain has an exposed hydrophobic surface region where target proteins are bound. These two "active sites" of calmodulin are remarkably... |
10210183 | Protein-protein recognition: an experimental and computational study of the R89K mutation in Raf and its effect on Ras binding. | Binding of the protein Raf to the active form of Ras promotes activation of the MAP kinase signaling pathway, triggering cell growth and differentiation. Raf/Arg89 in the center of the binding interface plays an important role determining Ras-Raf binding affinity. We have investigated experimentally and computationally... |
10210179 | KM+, a mannose-binding lectin from Artocarpus integrifolia: amino acid sequence, predicted tertiary structure, carbohydrate recognition, and analysis of the beta-prism fold. | The complete amino acid sequence of the lectin KM+ from Artocarpus integrifolia (jackfruit), which contains 149 residues/mol, is reported and compared to those of other members of the Moraceae family, particularly that of jacalin, also from jackfruit, with which it shares 52% sequence identity. KM+ presents an acetyl-b... |
10205614 | Mucoadhesive buccal disks for novel nalbuphine prodrug controlled delivery: effect of formulation variables on drug release and mucoadhesive performance. | The objective of this work was to assess the effects of drug solubility and loading percent, as well as Carbopol 934/hydroxypropylcellulose (CP/HPC) ratio, on drug release and mucoadhesive performance of the nalbuphine prodrug loaded buccal disks. Drug release rates for the disks were found to be a function of drug sol... |
10199040 | [Complement system during hemofiltration in patients with multiple organ failure]. | Nine patients (8 men and 1 woman) were treated. Sepsis was diagnosed in 7 of them. All patients were subjected to forced ventilation of the lungs, 6 were in need of inotropic support. The severity of clinical status was 31 +/- 0.8 according to APACHE II score. One patient survived. The main method of substitute renal t... |
10199667 | Optimization of hydrophobic domains in peptides that undergo transformation from alpha-helix to beta-fibril. | Recent studies on peptide fibrillogenesis by the de novo method as well as amyloidogenic proteins including prion proteins and Alzheimer's beta-peptides have provided insights into the conformational changes, such as alpha-helix to beta-structure, involved in folding and misfolding processes. We have found that an expo... |
10199658 | Induction of protein-like molecular architecture by self-assembly processes. | One of the most intriguing self-assembly processes is the folding of peptide chains into native protein structures. We have developed a method for building protein-like structural motifs that incorporate sequences of biological interest. A lipophilic moiety is attached onto an N(alpha)-amino group of a peptide chain, r... |
10199655 | The nucleation of monomeric parallel beta-sheet-like structures and their self-assembly in aqueous solution. | The aromatic diacid residue 4,6-dibenzofuranbispropionic acid (1) was designed to nucleate a parallel beta-sheet-like structure in small peptides in aqueous solution via a hydrogen-bonded hydrophobic cluster. Even though a 14-membered ring hydrogen bond necessary for parallel beta-sheet formation is favored in simple a... |
10199653 | Design of proteins using rigid organic macrocycles as scaffolds. | We have designed and synthesized new three-helix template-assembled synthetic proteins (TASPs) 1a-c. The template was the rigid cyclotribenzylene (CTB) macrocycle 2, which has C3 symmetry. Thiol moieties on the CTB template were used to link cysteine-containing peptide strands 3a-c via disulfide bonds. With designed pe... |
10097406 | Heat-induced changes in the photochemical centres and the protein secondary structures of photosystem II studied by variable fluorescence and difference FT-IR spectroscopy. | Variable fluorescence (Fv), i.e., Fv = Fm-Fo where Fo is the minimal fluorescence and Fm the maximum fluorescence, and difference Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy were used to study the effect of heat stress in the 25-55 degrees C range on photosystem II (PSII) structure and function. First, the Fv inten... |
10087500 | A computational model of the nicotinic acetylcholine binding site. | We have derived a model of the nicotinic acetylcholine binding site. This was accomplished by using three known agonists (acetylcholine, nicotine and epibatidine) as templates around which polypeptide side chains, found to be part of the receptor cavity from published molecular biology studies, are allowed to flow free... |
10079875 | Characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 resistant to modified cyclodextrin sulphate (mCDS71) in vitro. | Drug resistance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) to modified cyclodextrin sulphate (mCDS71) has been analysed with respect to both the in vitro appearance of resistance to the compound and the mechanism of the acquisition of resistance. Resistant strains could be obtained in all three strains (NL432, KK-1 a... |
10079500 | Headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of isoflurane enantiomers in blood samples after anesthesia with the racemic mixture. | Several in vivo and in vitro studies on the stereoselective potency of isoflurane enantiomers suggest beneficial effects of the (+)-(S)-enantiomer. In order to detect possible differences in the pharmacokinetics of isoflurane enantiomers, a clinical study of 41 patients undergoing general anesthesia maintained with rac... |
11178102 | Comparative evaluation of gene delivery devices in primary cultures of rat hepatic stellate cells and rat myofibroblasts. | <h4>Background</h4>The hepatic stellate cell is the primary cell type responsible for the excessive formation and deposition of connective tissue elements during the development of hepatic fibrosis in chronically injured liver. Culturing quiescent hepatic stellate cells on plastic causes spontaneous activation leading ... |
11121405 | Cholesterol depletion disrupts caveolae and insulin receptor signaling for metabolic control via insulin receptor substrate-1, but not for mitogen-activated protein kinase control. | Insulin exerts its cellular control through receptor binding in caveolae in plasmalemma of target cells (Gustavsson, J., Parpal, S., Karlsson, M., Ramsing, C., Thorn, H., Borg, M., Lindroth, M., Peterson, K. H., Magnusson, K.-E., and Strålfors, P. (1999) FASEB. J. 13, 1961-1971). We now report that a progressive choles... |
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