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12405777 | Complexation of imazalil with beta-cyclodextrin, residue uptake, persistence, and activity against penicillium decay in citrus fruit following postharvest dip treatments. | A method for the inclusion of imazalil (IMZ) in the beta-cyclodextrin (betaCD), structural characterization of the inclusion complex and its antifungal activity against Penicillium digitatum and P. italicum assessed by in vitro and in vivo tests are reported. According to the starting stoichiometry of betaCD with respe... |
12404638 | High-resolution capillary zone and gel electrophoresis of structurally similar amphipathic glutathione conjugates based on interaction with beta-cyclodextrins. | The tripeptide glutathione is a prominent intracellular constituent that provides protection against genotoxic and carcinogenic electrophiles and is also a component of several biological signal substances. Glutathione conjugates, free glutathione, and glutathione disulfide contain charged amino acid residues, which co... |
12404634 | Binding of organic anions by synthetic supramolecular metallopores with internal Mg2+-aspartate complexes. | We report that cation-selective transmembrane pores formed by synthetic p-octiphenyl beta barrels with internal aspartate residues can be transformed into anion-permeable metallopores with internal Mg(2+)-aspartate complexes. These metallopores are shown to be useful for fluorimetric sensing of a broad variety of organ... |
12398507 | Preparation and decomposition of potassium alkalide-lipophilic crown ether complexes in tetrahydrofuran. | Cyclohexano-15-crown-5, cyclohexano-18-crown-6, dicyclohexano-15-crown-5, and dicyclohexano-18-crown-6, but not dicylohexano-16-crown-5, in THF dissolve potassium metal to form dark blue potassium alkalide solutions at ambient temperature. On standing, the potassium alkalide complexes decompose and the solutions turn c... |
12399485 | Proteins released by Helicobacter pylori in vitro. | Secretion of proteins by Helicobacter pylori may contribute to gastric inflammation and epithelial damage. An in vitro analysis was designed to identify proteins released by mechanisms other than nonspecific lysis. The radioactivity of proteins in the supernatant was compared with that of the intact organism by two-dim... |
12397587 | The effect of guest inclusion on the crystal packing of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arenes. | The effect of guest inclusion in the crystal structures of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene complexes has been investigated through a combination of molecular-mechanics-based solid-state calculations and statistical analysis, with a procedure previously developed and used to study a variety of classes of organic compounds. Th... |
12395397 | Liquid chromatographic retention behavior and enantiomeric separation of three chiral center beta-blocker drug (nadolol) using heptakis (6-azido-6-deoxy-2, 3-di-O-phenylcarbamolyted) beta-cyclodextrin bonded chiral stationary phase. | Nadolol, a beta-blocker used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris, has three chiral centers and is currently marketed as an equal mixture of its four stereoisomers. Enantiomeric separation of nadolol by high-performance liquid chromatography was studied on a column packed with novel heptakis (6-azido-6... |
12395395 | Polyproline II structure in proteins: identification by chiroptical spectroscopies, stability, and functions. | In the last years polyproline II (PPII) structure has been demonstrated to be essential to biological activities such as signal transduction, transcription, cell motility, and immune response. The polyproline left-handed helical structure was nearly unknown until now and often confused with unordered, disordered, irreg... |
12180907 | Matrilin-2 interacts with itself and with other extracellular matrix proteins. | Matrilin-2 is a component of extracellular filamentous networks. To study the interactions by which it can be integrated into such assemblies, full-length and truncated forms of matrilin-2 were recombinantly expressed in HEK-293 cells and purified from conditioned medium. The recombinant proteins, when used in interact... |
12160465 | A re-evaluation of the role of histidine-426 within Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A. | CRM66 (cross-reactive 66 kDa protein) is an inactive mutant form of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A that has been isolated from a mutant strain of P. aeruginosa derived from nitrosoguanidine-based mutagenesis. The mutation within this enzyme toxin was previously identified as H426Y and it was shown to possess signifi... |
12137567 | Novel peptide inhibitors of Leishmania gp63 based on the cleavage site of MARCKS (myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate)-related protein. | The zinc metalloprotease gp63 (leishmanolysin; promastigote surface protease) is expressed at high density at the surface of Leishmania promastigotes. Efficient non-toxic inhibitors of gp63 do not exist, and its precise role in parasite physiology remains unknown. MARCKS (myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate) ... |
12391289 | Quantitation of the P2Y(1) receptor with a high affinity radiolabeled antagonist. | 2-Chloro-N(6)-methyl-(N )-methanocarba-2'-deoxyadenosine-3',5'- bisphosphate (MRS2279) was developed previously as a selective high-affinity, non-nucleotide P2Y(1) receptor (P2Y1-R) antagonist (J Med Chem 43:829-842, 2002; Br J Pharmacol 135:2004-2010, 2002). We have taken advantage of the N(6)-methyl substitution in t... |
12391159 | Native and recombinant polycomb group complexes establish a selective block to template accessibility to repress transcription in vitro. | Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are responsible for stable repression of homeotic gene expression during Drosophila melanogaster development. They are thought to stabilize chromatin structure to prevent transcription, though how they do this is unknown. We have established an in vitro system in which the PcG complex PRC1... |
12391219 | Dynamic association of CD45 with detergent-insoluble microdomains in T lymphocytes. | The receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase CD45 is essential for TCR signal transduction. Substrates of CD45 include the protein tyrosine kinases p56(lck) and p59(fyn), both of which have been shown to be enriched in detergent-insoluble microdomains. Here we find that there is a cholesterol-dependent association be... |
12388725 | Placement of the structural proteins in Sindbis virus. | The structure of the lipid-enveloped Sindbis virus has been determined by fitting atomic resolution crystallographic structures of component proteins into an 11-A resolution cryoelectron microscopy map. The virus has T=4 quasisymmetry elements that are accurately maintained between the external glycoproteins, the trans... |
12388719 | Role of cholesterol in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope protein-mediated fusion with host cells. | In this study we examined the effects of target membrane cholesterol depletion and cytoskeletal changes on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Env-mediated membrane fusion by dye redistribution assays. We found that treatment of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MbetaCD) or cytoc... |
12388714 | Cell-type-specific characteristics modulate the transduction efficiency of adeno-associated virus type 2 and restrain infection of endothelial cells. | Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are promising vectors for various gene therapy applications due to their long-lasting transgene expression and wide spectrum of target cells. Recently, however, it has become apparent that there are considerable differences in the efficiencies of transduction of different cell types by A... |
12388709 | Nipah virus V protein evades alpha and gamma interferons by preventing STAT1 and STAT2 activation and nuclear accumulation. | Characterization of recent outbreaks of fatal encephalitis in southeast Asia identified the causative agent to be a previously unrecognized enveloped negative-strand RNA virus of the Paramyxoviridae family, Nipah virus. One feature linking Nipah virus to this family is a conserved cysteine-rich domain that is the hallm... |
12389209 | Developmental patterns of cadherin expression and localization in relation to compartmentalized thalamocortical terminations in rat barrel cortex. | The wiring of synaptic circuitry during development is remarkably precise, but the molecular interactions that enable such precision remain largely to be defined. Cadherins are cell adhesion molecules hypothesized to play roles in axon growth and synaptic targeting during development. We previously showed that N-cadher... |
12384371 | Tripeptide interference with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 morphogenesis. | Capsid assembly during virus replication is a potential target for antiviral therapy. The Gag polyprotein is the main structural component of retroviral particles, and in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), it contains the sequences for the matrix, capsid, nucleocapsid, and several small polypeptides. Here, we... |
12384346 | Complete nucleotide sequence of Klebsiella pneumoniae multiresistance plasmid pJHCMW1. | The multiresistance plasmid pJHCMW1, harbored by a clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae strain isolated from a neonate with meningitis, was sequenced. A circular sequence of 11,354 bp was generated, of which 7,993 bp make up Tn1331, a transposon including the antibiotic resistance genes aac(6')-Ib, aadA1, bla(OXA-9), and bla... |
12384334 | Defining and combating the mechanisms of triclosan resistance in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. | The MICs of triclosan for 31 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were 0.016 micro g/ml (24 strains), 1 to 2 micro g/ml (6 strains), and 0.25 micro g/ml (1 strain). All the strains for which triclosan MICs were elevated (>0.016 micro g/ml) showed three- to fivefold increases in their levels of enoyl-acyl carrier ... |
12381857 | A statistically derived parameterization for the collagen triple-helix. | The triple-helix is a unique secondary structural motif found primarily within the collagens. In collagen, it is a homo- or hetero-tripeptide with a repeating primary sequence of (Gly-X-Y)(n), displaying characteristic peptide backbone dihedral angles. Studies of bulk collagen fibrils indicate that the triple-helix mus... |
12381848 | Construction of a fluorescent biosensor family. | Bacterial periplasmic binding proteins (bPBPs) are specific for a wide variety of small molecule ligands. bPBPs undergo a large, ligand-mediated conformational change that can be linked to reporter functions to monitor ligand concentrations. This mechanism provides the basis of a general system for engineering families... |
12381847 | Genetic analysis of response regulator activation in bacterial chemotaxis suggests an intermolecular mechanism. | Response regulator proteins of two-component systems are usually activated by phosphorylation. The phosphorylated response regulator protein CheY-P mediates the chemotaxis response in Escherichia coli. We performed random mutagenesis and selected CheY mutants that are constitutively active in the absence of phosphoryla... |
12382326 | Evolution of collagens. | The extracellular matrix is often defined as the substance that gives multicellular organisms (from plants to vertebrates) their structural integrity, and is intimately involved in their development. Although the general functions of extracellular matrices are comparable, their compositions are quite distinct. One of t... |
12382318 | Membrane self-assembly processes: steps toward the first cellular life. | This review addresses the question of the origin of life, with emphasis on plausible boundary structures that may have initially provided cellular compartmentation. Some form of compartmentation is a necessary prerequisite for maintaining the integrity of interdependent molecular systems that are associated with metabo... |
12379926 | Effect of cyclodextrins on the solubility and antimycotic activity of sertaconazole: experimental and computational studies. | This study investigated the effects of the complexation of sertaconazole nitrate with different cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives (alpha-CD, beta-CD, gamma-CD, hydroxypropyl-beta-CD, and hydroxypropyl-gamma-CD) on the aqueous solubility and antimycotic activity of the drug. Phase solubility studies indicated that the solub... |
12379925 | Skin permeation study of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) compared with its alpha-cyclodextrin complex form. | Several studies have shown that dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) has promising uses in a large range of pathologies including age-related illnesses (osteoporosis, atherosclerosis), immune dysfunctions, and cancer. A long-term oral dosage form would be favorable, but this type of medication has not been developed yet becau... |
12379924 | Inclusion complex formation of captopril with alpha- and beta-cyclodextrins in aqueous solution: NMR spectroscopic and molecular dynamic studies. | The inclusion complex formation of alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CyD), beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CyD), and 2-hydroxylpropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CyD) with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, in aqueous solution was studied by (1)H- and (13)C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, including ROESY ... |
12379923 | Protective effect of sulfobutyl ether beta-cyclodextrin on DY-9760e-induced hemolysis in vitro. | The hemolytic behavior of a novel cytoprotective agent, DY-9760e (3-[2-[4-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-5,6-dimethoxy-1-(4-imidazolylmethyl)-1H-indazole dihydrochloride 3.5 hydrate) was investigated using rabbit erythrocytes. Further, the effects of water-soluble cyclodextrin derivatives, such as 2-hyd... |
12379916 | Self-association and cyclodextrin solubilization of drugs. | Phase-solubility diagrams are frequently used to calculate stoichiometry of drug/cyclodextrin complexes. Linear diagrams (A(L)-type systems) are thought to indicate that the complexes are first order with respect to cyclodextrin and first or higher order with respect to the drug. Positive deviation from linearity (A(P)... |
12379915 | Predicting solubility in multiple nonpolar drugs-cyclodextrin system. | This study presents a model to predict the solubility of a nonpolar drug D(A) in the presence of other nonpolar drugs D(1) em leader D(n) in a complexing ligand L system such as hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPbetaCD). Using an equilibrium approach, the model describes the molecular interactions among these drug spe... |
12379690 | Contributions of the N- and C-terminal domains of surfactant protein d to the binding, aggregation, and phagocytic uptake of bacteria. | Collectins play important roles in host defense against infectious microorganisms. We now demonstrate that the serum collectins mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and conglutinin have less ability to bind to, aggregate, and enhance neutrophil uptake of several strains of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria than pulmonar... |
12377814 | Mild iron overload in patients carrying the HFE S65C gene mutation: a retrospective study in patients with suspected iron overload and healthy controls. | <h4>Background and aims</h4>The role of the HFE S65C mutation in the development of hepatic iron overload is unknown. The aim of the present study was: (A) to determine the HFE S65C frequency in a Northern European population; and (B) to evaluate whether the presence of the HFE S65C mutation would result in a significa... |
12370942 | Comparative study of metal-porphyrins, -porphyrazines, and -phthalocyanines. | A theoretical comparative study of complexes of porphyrin (P), porphyrazine (Pz), and phthalocyanine (Pc) with metal (M) = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn has been carried out using a DFT method. The calculations provide a clear elucidation of the ground states for the MP/Pz/Pc molecules and for a series of [MP/Pz/Pc](x-) and [... |
12369865 | Okadaic acid: the archetypal serine/threonine protein phosphatase inhibitor. | As the first recognized member of the "okadaic acid class" of phosphatase inhibitors, the marine natural product okadaic acid is perhaps the most well-known member of a diverse array of secondary metabolites that have emerged as valuable probes for studying the roles of various cellular protein serine/threonine phospha... |
12369092 | Sulfotransferases and sulfated oligosaccharides. | Structural diversity of the sugar chains attached to proteins and lipids that arises from the variety of combinations of different monosaccharides, different types of linkages, branch formation and secondary modifications, such as sulfation, possesses a large amount of biological information. A number of proteoglycans,... |
12368311 | Dendritic cell-mediated viral transfer to T cells is required for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 persistence in the face of rapid cell turnover. | Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected and activated CD4(+) T cells have short half-lives in vivo (<2 days). We have established an in vitro culture system in which infected T cells are turned over frequently to provide a model system that examines this important facet of in vivo HIV-1 replication. We obs... |
12214315 | Hydration structure of human lysozyme investigated by molecular dynamics simulation and cryogenic X-ray crystal structure analyses: on the correlation between crystal water sites, solvent density, and solvent dipole. | The hydration structure of human lysozyme was studied with cryogenic X-ray diffraction experiment and molecular dynamics simulations. The crystal structure analysis at a resolution of 1.4 A provided 405 crystal water molecules around the enzyme. In the simulations at 300 K, the crystal structure was immersed in explici... |
12606471 | Phosphorylation of protein tyrosine residues in fresh and cryopreserved stallion spermatozoa under capacitating conditions. | Phosphorylation of tyrosine residues on sperm proteins is one important intracellular mechanism regulating sperm function that may be a meaningful indicator of capacitation. There is substantial evidence that cryopreservation promotes the capacitation of sperm and this cryocapacitation is frequently cited as one factor... |
12411301 | Differential regulation of CXCR2 trafficking by Rab GTPases. | Intracellular trafficking of chemokine receptors plays an important role in fine-tuning the functional responses of neutrophils and lymphocytes in the inflammatory process and HIV infection. Although many chemokine receptors internalize through clathrin-coated pits, regulation of the receptor trafficking is not fully u... |
12415182 | A new polymorph of cis-transoid-cis-dicyclohexano-18-crown-6. | A new orthorhombic polymorphic modification of the title compound (alternative name: cis-transoid-cis-2,5,8,15,18,21-hexaoxatricyclo[20.4.0.0(9,14)]hexacosane), C(20)H(36)O(6), has been found and is compared with the previously known monoclinic modification. In the structures of the two polymorphs, the crown-ether mole... |
12397069 | Cholesterol depletion from the plasma membrane triggers ligand-independent activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. | We recently demonstrated that depletion of plasma membrane cholesterol with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MbetaCD) caused activation of MAPK (Chen, X., and Resh, M. D. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 34617-34623). MAPK activation was phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent and involved increased tyrosine phosphorylation ... |
12415175 | Hydrogen-bonded 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene and maleic acid. | The title compound (systematic name: 4,4'-ethylenedipyridinium dimaleate), C(12)H(12)N(2)(2+).2C(4)H(3)O(4)(-), is a 1:2 adduct of 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene (BPE) and maleic acid (MA). The interaction between the two components in the molecular complex is due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding via an N(+)-H.O(-) hydro... |
12391313 | Identification of macromolecular complexes in cryoelectron tomograms of phantom cells. | Electron tomograms of intact frozen-hydrated cells are essentially three-dimensional images of the entire proteome of the cell, and they depict the whole network of macromolecular interactions. However, this information is not easily accessible because of the poor signal-to-noise ratio of the tomograms and the crowded ... |
12391297 | Biological activity of the Helicobacter pylori virulence factor CagA is determined by variation in the tyrosine phosphorylation sites. | Helicobacter pylori is a causative agent of gastritis and peptic ulcer. cagA(+) H. pylori strains are more virulent than cagA(-) strains and are associated with gastric carcinoma. The cagA gene product, CagA, is injected by the bacterium into gastric epithelial cells and subsequently undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation.... |
12391027 | Crystal structure of the TSP-1 type 1 repeats: a novel layered fold and its biological implication. | Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) contains three type 1 repeats (TSRs), which mediate cell attachment, glycosaminoglycan binding, inhibition of angiogenesis, activation of TGFbeta, and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases. The crystal structure of the TSRs reported in this article reveals a novel, antiparallel, three-strande... |
12429055 | Breaking barriers through collaboration: the example of the Cell Migration Consortium. | Understanding complex integrated biological processes, such as cell migration, requires interdisciplinary approaches. The Cell Migration Consortium, funded by a Large-Scale Collaborative Project Award from the National Institute of General Medical Science, develops and disseminates new technologies, data, reagents, and... |
12381794 | A simple physical model for binding energy hot spots in protein-protein complexes. | Protein-protein recognition plays a central role in most biological processes. Although the structures of many protein-protein complexes have been solved in molecular detail, general rules describing affinity and selectivity of protein-protein interactions do not accurately account for the extremely diverse nature of t... |
12428145 | Gradual and reversible central vestibular reorganization in frog after selective labyrinthine nerve branch lesions. | Postlesional reorganization of vestibular afferent and commissural inputs onto second-order vestibular neurons was studied in the isolated brain after unilateral section of the N.VIII, of the ramus anterior (RA) of N.VIII, of the utricular (UT) or of the anterior vertical and horizontal canal nerves in combination. RA ... |
12390682 | Crystal structure of LIR-2 (ILT4) at 1.8 A: differences from LIR-1 (ILT2) in regions implicated in the binding of the Human Cytomegalovirus class I MHC homolog UL18. | <h4>Background</h4>Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-like Receptor-1 (LIR-1) and LIR-2 (also known as ILT2 and ILT4 respectively) are highly related cell surface receptors that bind a broad range of class I MHC molecules with low (microM) affinities. Expressed on monocytic cells and macrophages, both molecules transmit inhibito... |
12415156 | Di-mu-sulfido-bis[diaqua(18-crown-6)barium(II)]-saccharin (1/2). | The molecule of the title compound [systematic name: di-mu-sulfido-bis[diaqua(1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane-kappa(6)O)barium(II)] bis[1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide]], [Ba(2)S(2)(C(12)H(24)O(6))(2)(H(2)O)(4)](C(7)H(5)NO(3)S)(2), lies on an inversion centre. The Ba(II) atom encapsulated by the 18-crown... |
12379743 | Cardiomyocytes undergo apoptosis in human immunodeficiency virus cardiomyopathy through mitochondrion- and death receptor-controlled pathways. | We investigated 18 AIDS hearts (5 with and 13 without cardiomyopathy) by using immunocytochemistry and computerized image analysis regarding the roles of HIV-1 proteins and tumor necrosis factor ligands in HIV cardiomyopathy (HIVCM). HIVCM and cardiomyocyte apoptosis were significantly related to each other and to the ... |
12376618 | Biodirected epitaxial nanodeposition of polymers on oriented macromolecular templates. | Biodirected epitaxial nanodeposition of polymers was achieved on a template with an oriented molecular surface. Acetobacter xylinum synthesized a ribbon of cellulose I microfibrils onto a fixed, nematic ordered substrate of glucan chains with unique surface characteristics. The substrate directed the orientation of the... |
12376543 | The vesicle- and target-SNARE proteins that mediate Glut4 vesicle fusion are localized in detergent-insoluble lipid rafts present on distinct intracellular membranes. | Insulin stimulates the fusion of intracellular vesicles containing the glucose transporter Glut4 with the plasma membrane in adipocytes and muscle cells. Glut4 vesicle fusion is thought to be catalyzed by the interaction of the vesicle soluble N-ethyl-maleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptor VAMP2... |
12374855 | Studies of the aggregation of mutant proteins in vitro provide insights into the genetics of amyloid diseases. | Protein aggregation and the formation of highly insoluble amyloid structures is associated with a range of debilitating human conditions, which include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and the Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Muscle acylphosphatase (AcP) has already provided significant insights into mutational chan... |
12402191 | Prevention of influenza pneumonitis by sialic Acid-conjugated dendritic polymers. | Influenza A viral infection begins by hemagglutinin glycoproteins on the viral envelope binding to cell membrane sialic acid (SA). Free SA monomers cannot block hemagglutinin adhesion in vivo because of toxicity. Polyvalent, generation 4 (G4) SA-conjugated polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer (G4-SA) was evaluated as a mea... |
12374859 | Soluble peptide-MHC monomers cause activation of CD8+ T cells through transfer of the peptide to T cell MHC molecules. | T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated activation of CD4(+) T cells is known to require multivalent engagement of the TCR by, for example, oligomeric peptide-MHC complexes. In contrast, for CD8(+) T cells, there is evidence for TCR-mediated activation by univalent engagement of the TCR. We have here compared oligomeric and mon... |
12370433 | Virulence control in group A Streptococcus by a two-component gene regulatory system: global expression profiling and in vivo infection modeling. | Two-component gene regulatory systems composed of a membrane-bound sensor and cytoplasmic response regulator are important mechanisms used by bacteria to sense and respond to environmental stimuli. Group A Streptococcus, the causative agent of mild infections and life-threatening invasive diseases, produces many virule... |
12370417 | Lipid-protein interactions in DHPC micelles containing the integral membrane protein OmpX investigated by NMR spectroscopy. | Intermolecular nuclear Overhauser effects (NOEs) between the integral outer membrane protein OmpX from Escherichia coli and dihexanoylphosphatidylcholine (DHPC) provided a detailed description of protein-detergent interactions. The NOEs were measured in 3D (15)N- and (13)C-resolved [(1)H,(1)H]-NOESY spectra recorded wi... |
12369018 | Mutations in the O-mannosyltransferase gene POMT1 give rise to the severe neuronal migration disorder Walker-Warburg syndrome. | Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS) is an autosomal recessive developmental disorder characterized by congenital muscular dystrophy and complex brain and eye abnormalities. A similar combination of symptoms is presented by two other human diseases, muscle-eye-brain disease (MEB) and Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy (FC... |
12368474 | Tau filament formation and associative memory deficit in aged mice expressing mutant (R406W) human tau. | The R406W tau mutation found in frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17) causes a hereditary tauopathy clinically resembling Alzheimer's disease. Expression of modest levels of the longest human tau isoform with this mutation under the control of the alpha-calcium-calmodulin-dependent ... |
12776550 | [Kinetic study on the volatility of menthol and borneol]. | <h4>Objective</h4>To study the volatile regularity of menthol and borneol in granule and lozenge at different temperature.<h4>Method</h4>Kinetic method with GC being detection technique.<h4>Result</h4>The volatility of menthol and borneol acts as a pseudo first-order reaction in open system. Under the same condition, t... |
12702415 | Direct force measurements between adlayers consisting of poly(amidoamine) dendrimers with primary amino groups or quaternary ammonium groups. | Adsorption of poly(amidoamine) generation 3 (PAMAM G3) dendrimer with surface amino groups or PAMAM G0 dendrimer with quaternary ammonium groups (C8qbG0) onto glass has been studied by colloidal probe atomic force microscopy. The adlayer-adlayer interactions for these adsorbates are quite different despite the fact tha... |
12702414 | Comparison of PAMAM-Au and PPI-Au nanocomposites and their catalytic activity for reduction of 4-nitrophenol. | Dendrimer-Au nanocomposites are prepared in aqueous solutions using poly(amidoammine)dendrimers (PAMAM) (generation 2, 3, and 5) and poly(propyleneimine)dendrimers (PPI)(generation 2, 3, and 4) by wet chemical NaBH(4) method. The Au nanoparticles thus obtained are 2-4 nm in diameter for both dendrimers and no generatio... |
12702433 | Direct investigation of the vectorization properties of amphiphilic cyclodextrins in phospholipid films. | Recently, new cyclodextrin derivatives were synthesized and shown to exhibit strong amphiphilic properties. In this paper, we study the action of these new amphiphilic cyclodextrins on phospholipids. Mixed phospholipid/cyclodextrin derivative films were prepared and studied using X-ray reflectivity for various phosphol... |
12702426 | Thermal and structural behavior of milk fat. 3. Influence of cooling rate and droplet size on cream crystallization. | Crystallization of triacylglycerols (TG) within milk fat globules of creams is studied with an instrument coupling time-resolved synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRDT) at both small and wide angles and high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at cooling rates of -3 and -1 degrees C/min from 60 to -10 degr... |
12702424 | A spectroscopic study of mercury vapor adsorption on gold nanoparticle films. | We have modified the surfaces of glass and Si(100) with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxy silane, a fourth generation amine-terminated poly(amidoamine) dendrimer, and poly(diallydimethyl ammonium chloride) to facilitate adsorption onto colloidal gold particles (average diameter 3, 5, 12, and 22 nm). UV-vis absorption spectroscop... |
12618827 | A functional zeolite analogue assembled from metalloporphyrins. | The assembly of molecular building blocks with metal ions generating microporous network solids has been the focus of intense activity. Because of their potential applications associated with channels and cavities, such materials have been examined for size- and shape-selective catalysis, separations, sensors, molecula... |
12611636 | Designing of 'intelligent' liposomes for efficient delivery of drugs. | The liposome- vesicles made by a double phospholipid layers which may encapsulate aqueous solutions- have been introduced as drug delivery vehicles due to their structural flexibility in size, composition and bilayer fluidity as well as their ability to incorporate a large variety of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic co... |
12599490 | A unique spherical molecular host with D2d symmetry. A novel intramolecular kinetic equilibrium in metal ion complexation between two crown ethers. | [formula: see text] A spherical host with D2d symmetry consisting of a tetrathia[3.3.3.3]paracyclophane and two 18-crown-6 moieties was synthesized. Its crystal structure shows a central cavity with a diameter of 1.96 A and a depth of 6.75 A. A Na+ ion could rest in the cavity center but prefers core binding to externa... |
12567865 | [Determination of six effective components in Rheum by cyclodextrin modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography]. | <h4>Aim</h4>To determine six effective components (aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, rhaponticin, physcion and chrysophanol) in Rheum.<h4>Methods</h4>Using buffer solution containing 20 mmol.L-1 borax, 20 mmol.L-1 sodium deoxycholate (SDC), 20 mmol.L-1 sodium taurocholate (STC), 15 mmol.L-1 beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) and O-... |
12561122 | Double-stranded helices and molecular zippers assembled from single-stranded coordination polymers directed by supramolecular interactions. | Using three nonlinear dicarboxylates, isophthalate (ipa), 4,4'-oxybis(benzoate) (oba), and ethylenedi(4-oxybenzoate) (eoba), we have prepared five neutral infinite copper(II) dicarboxylate coordination polymers containing lateral aromatic chelate ligands, namely [Cu(ipa)(2,2'-bpy)]n.2nH2O (1), [Cu2(ipa)2(phen)2H2O]n (2... |
12561121 | Design and structural extension of a supramolecular inclusion-compound host made by the formation of dimers of isonicotinic acid and thiocyanato coordinating bridges. | A new host design for an inclusion compound with a preference for large planar aromatic guest molecules has been proposed. Our host design includes a rectangular cavity made using a long and a short building block based on the concept of supramolecular chemistry. The long building block facilitates the inclusion of lar... |
12561115 | Highly stable and biocompatible nafion-based capsules with controlled permeability for low-molecular-weight species. | Biocompatible hollow capsules have been formed by electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembly of a perfluorinated ionomer (Nafion) in alternation with ferric ions onto polystyrene latex particles or organic microcrystals, followed by dissolution of the cores by tetrahydrofuran or dimethylformamide. The stepwise growth o... |
12561114 | Core-substituted naphthalene bisimides: new fluorophors with tunable emission wavelength for FRET studies. | Highly colored and photoluminescent naphthalene bisimide dyes have been synthesized from 2,6-dichloronaphthalene bisanhydride 1 by means of a stepwise nucleophilic displacement of the two chlorine atoms by alkoxides and/or alkyl amines. The alkoxy-substituted derivatives are yellow dyes with green emission and low phot... |
12557998 | Stimuli sensitive polymethacrylic acid microparticles (PMAA)--oral insulin delivery. | This study investigated polymethacrylic acid (PMAA) microparticles for controlled release of Insulin in oral administration. The microparticles were characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphological studies. The swelling behaviour and drug release profile in various pH media were studied. The % swel... |
12490148 | Actin in the nucleus: what form and what for? | Actin is an abundant protein in most nonmuscle cells. It has often been observed in isolated nuclei, yet cytoplasmic contamination was of course initially regarded as the most plausible origin. Numerous studies on nuclear actin appeared in the 1970s and 1980s, but the picture remained rather muddy. The viewpoint at tha... |
12475179 | Physicochemical profiling in drug research: a brief survey of the state-of-the-art of experimental techniques. | This review begins with a general presentation of the new paradigm of drug discovery, with its emphasis on the rapid identification and elimination of compounds with unsuitable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. The focus of the paper is on the various experimental methods used to determine such key physic... |
12475178 | Functions and malfunctions of the tau proteins. | The tau proteins belong to the family of microtubule-associated proteins. They are mainly expressed in neurons where they play major regulatory roles in the organization and integrity of the cytoskeleton network. Neurofibrillary changes of abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau are a key lesion in Alzheimer's disease and a... |
12475175 | sHsps and their role in the chaperone network. | Small Hsps (sHsps) encompass a widespread but diverse class of proteins. These low molecular mass proteins (15-42 kDa) form dynamic oligomeric structures ranging from 9 to 50 subunits. sHsps display chaperone function in vitro, and in addition they have been suggested to be involved in the inhibition of apoptosis, orga... |
12475169 | The DnaK/ClpB chaperone system from Thermus thermophilus. | Proteins of thermophilic organisms are adapted to remain well structured and functional at elevated temperatures. Nevertheless like their 'cousins' that reside at medium temperatures, they require the assistance of molecular chaperones to fold properly and prevent aggregation. This review compares structural and functi... |
12459056 | Synthesis, biodegradability, and biocompatibility of lysine diisocyanate-glucose polymers. | The success of a tissue-engineering application depends on the use of suitable biomaterials that degrade in a timely manner and induce the least immunogenicity in the host. With this purpose in mind, we have attempted to synthesize a novel nontoxic biodegradable lysine diisocyanate (LDI)- and glucose-based polymer via ... |
12455470 | Influence of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin on the transdermal permeation and skin accumulation of oxybenzone. | The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPCD) concentration on the transdermal permeation and skin accumulation of a model ultraviolet (UV) absorber, oxybenzone. The concentration of oxybenzone was held constant at 2.67 mg/mL for all formulations, while the HP... |
12452517 | Evaluation of efficacy of nizer versus nimesulide tablets in otitis media. | An evaluation of clinical efficacy of nizer versus nimesulide tablets was undertaken in 118 patients suffering from otitis media. Nizer demonstrated rapid and powerful analgesic and antipyretic effects compared to plain nimesulide, without additional side effects. |
12437888 | The design and synthesis of artificial photosynthetic antennas, reaction centres and membranes. | Artificial antenna systems and reaction centres synthesized in our laboratory are used to illustrate that structural and thermodynamic factors controlling energy and electron transfer in these constructs can be modified to optimize performance. Artificial reaction centres have been incorporated into liposomal membranes... |
12437884 | Biogenesis, assembly and turnover of photosystem II units. | Assembly of photosystem II, a multiprotein complex embedded in the thylakoid membrane, requires stoichiometric production of over 20 protein subunits. Since part of the protein subunits are encoded in the chloroplast genome and part in the nucleus, a signalling network operates between the two genetic compartments in o... |
12437177 | Comparing cyclodextrin derivatives as chiral selectors for enantiomeric separation in capillary electrophoresis. | A total of 26 different cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives with different functional groups and degrees of substitution were tested against 35 basic pharmaceutical compounds in an effort to investigate their effectiveness as chiral selectors for enantiomeric separation in capillary electrophoresis (CE). Testing was performe... |
12437170 | Chromatographic enrichment and enantiomer separation of axially chiral polybrominated biphenyls in a technical mixture. | The separation properties of different chromatographic methods regarding the enantioselective separation of axially chiral (atropisomeric) polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) were studied. For this purpose, the technical hexabromobiphenyl product Firemaster BP-6 was characterised by gas-chromatography coupled to electron ca... |
12437169 | Separation of planar chiral ferrocene derivatives on beta-cyclodextrin-based polymer supports prepared via ring-opening metathesis graft-polymerization. | A series of beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) were synthesized by ring-opening metathesis graft polymerization of various norborn-2-ene (NBE) substituted CDs. Chiral selectors based on endo/exo-6-O-(norborn-2-ene-5-ylmethoxymethylsilyl)-beta-CD, tris(endo/exo-6-O-norborn-2-ene-5-ylmethox... |
12437166 | Potentiometric detection of exogenic beta-adrenergic substances in liquid chromatography. | Potentiometric detection with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) based liquid membrane electrode coatings is presented for a series of 18 exogenic beta-adrenergic substances in cation-exchange-HPLC and RP-HPLC systems. In both types of HPLC modes employing hybrid polymer-silica packings we observed that use of tetrakis(p-chlor... |
12430485 | A selective colorimetric anion sensor based on an amide group containing macrocycle. | A new colorimetric anion sensor 4 allows for selective 'naked-eye' differentiation of F-, AcO- and H2PO4- with similar basicity. |
12430475 | Ferrocenoyl glycylcystamine: organization into a supramolecular helicate structure. | Extensive intermolecular hydrogen bonding in ferrocenoyl glycylcystamine gives rise to a novel ordered double helical arrangement with a helical pitch height of 14 A. |
12430474 | A second generation dendrimer incorporating nine S2N2-donor macrocycles and its palladium(II) complex. | A new second generation dendrimer incorporating nine S2N2-donor macrocyclic units that bind nine Pd(II) cations is reported. |
12430422 | Organic/inorganic supramolecular channel frameworks containing a photosensitive azobenzene molecule as an included guest. | Two independent channel frameworks are occupied by photoactive E-azobenzene in an unprecedented one-dimensional zigzag motif and thus form virtual three-dimensional supramolecular host-guest networks. |
12430412 | Unexpected solid-solid reaction upon preparation of KBr pellets and its exploitation in supramolecular cation complexation. | Pressing solid [CoIII(eta 5-C5H4COOH)(eta 5-C5H4COO)] with KBr to prepare samples for IR spectroscopy leads to a profound solid state rearrangement with formation of the supramolecular complex [CoIII(eta 5-C5H4COOH)(eta 5-C5H4COO)]2.K+Br-, which can also be obtained from solution crystallization. Similar solid-solid su... |
12430409 | Supramolecular gas-solid reaction between formic acid vapours and solid [CoIII(eta 5-C5H4COOH)(eta 5-C5H4COO)]. | Exposure of the solid zwitterion [CoIII(eta 5-C5H4COOH)(eta 5-C5H4COO)] to vapours of formic acid quantitatively produces the co-crystal [CoIII(eta 5-C5H4COOH)(eta 5-C5H4COO)] [HCOOH] without proton transfer from formic acid to the deprotonated -COO- group on the zwitterion; formic acid can be quantitatively removed by... |
12430407 | From molecular chemistry to supramolecular chemistry to superdupermolecular chemistry. Controlling covalent bond formation through non-covalent and magnetic interactions. | The reactions of carbon centered radical pairs often involve diffusion controlled combination and/or disproportionation reactions which are non-selective. A triplet geminate pair of radicals is produced by the photolysis of suitable ketones. The reactions of such geminate pairs can be controlled though the application ... |
12430609 | A selective voltammetric method for uric acid detection at beta-cyclodextrin modified electrode incorporating carbon nanotubes. | A beta-cyclodextrin-coated electrode incorporating carbon nanotubes was constructed and applied to the detection of uric acid in the presence of high concentration of ascorbic acid. The major obstacle of the overlapped oxidation potential of ascorbic acid was overcome owing to the distinct ability of the carbon nanotub... |
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