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12202767 | Characterisation of site-biased DNA methyltransferases: specificity, affinity and subsite relationships. | DNA methylation is now seen as a primary signal in the cell for mediating transcriptional repression through chromatin formation. The construction and evaluation of enzymes capable of influencing this process in vivo is therefore of significant interest. We have fused the C5-cytosine DNA methyltransferases, M.HhaI and ... |
12202757 | Polyamine structural effects on the induction and stabilization of liquid crystalline DNA: potential applications to DNA packaging, gene therapy and polyamine therapeutics. | DNA undergoes condensation, conformational transitions, aggregation and resolubilization in the presence of polyamines, positively charged organic molecules present in all cells. Under carefully controlled environmental conditions, DNA can also transform to a liquid crystalline state in vitro. We undertook the present ... |
12202878 | Tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in whole blood after cardiopulmonary bypass: downregulation caused by circulating cytokine-inhibitory activities. | <h4>Objectives</h4>Cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with the release of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1beta, interleukin 6, and interleukin 8) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor beta(1)). On the one hand this cytokine release is relat... |
12201769 | Synthesis of the cytotoxic sponge metabolite haliclamine A. | A new convergent and unified synthesis of the marine natural alkaloid haliclamine A is described. The synthesis of 3-alkylpyridine monomers 8 and 9 was first achieved from a common thiophene intermediate 5. These syntheses make use of thiophene chemistry and the ability of cyclopropylcarbinols 20 and 21 to rearrange to... |
12201749 | Background of the Hammett equation as observed for isolated molecules: meta- and para-substituted benzoic acids. | Fundamental model compounds for the Hammett equation, meta- and para-substituted benzoic acids, were investigated by the density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level. Energies of 25 acids and of their anions were calculated in all possible conformations and from them the energies of the assumed mixture of ... |
12202588 | Actinomyces cardiffensis sp. nov. from human clinical sources. | Eight strains of a previously undescribed catalase-negative Actinomyces-like bacterium were recovered from human clinical specimens. The morphological and biochemical characteristics of the isolates were consistent with their assignment to the genus Actinomyces, but they did not appear to correspond to any recognized s... |
12203280 | Single-crystal structures of polyphenylene dendrimers. | A series of first-generation polyphenylene dendrimers based on three different cores were prepared by Diels-Alder cycloaddition and their single-crystal structures were determined. Consisting exclusively of interlocked, twisted phenyl rings, these polyphenylene nanostructures have exciting structural and dynamic proper... |
12202389 | Heterogeneity and persistence length in human ocular mucins. | Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been used to investigate the heterogeneity and flexibility of human ocular mucins and their subunits. We have paid particular attention, in terms of theory and experiment, to the problem of inducing the polymers to assume equilibrium conformations at a surface. Mucins deposited from a ... |
12202377 | Rapid transbilayer movement of the fluorescent sterol dehydroergosterol in lipid membranes. | This study establishes a new assay for measuring the transbilayer movement of dehydroergosterol (DHE) in lipid membranes. The assay is based on the rapid extraction of DHE by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (M-CD) from liposomes. The concentration of DHE in the liposomal membrane was measured by using fluorescence resonance e... |
12202368 | Regulation of nuclear pore complex conformation by IP(3) receptor activation. | In recent years, both the molecular architecture and functional dynamics of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) have been revealed with increasing detail. These large, supramolecular assemblages of proteins form channels that span the nuclear envelope of cells, acting as crucial regulators of nuclear import and export. From ... |
12202364 | Calculation of forces at focal adhesions from elastic substrate data: the effect of localized force and the need for regularization. | Forces exerted by stationary cells have been investigated on the level of single focal adhesions by combining elastic substrates, fluorescence labeling of focal adhesions, and the assumption of localized force when solving the inverse problem of linear elasticity theory. Data simulation confirms that the inverse proble... |
12199714 | Vibrio cholerae hemolysin. Implication of amphiphilicity and lipid-induced conformational change for its pore-forming activity. | Vibrio cholerae hemolysin (HlyA), a water-soluble protein with a native monomeric relative molecular mass of 65 000, forms transmembrane pentameric channels in target biomembranes. The HlyA binds to lipid vesicles nonspecifically and without saturation; however, self-assembly is triggered specifically by cholesterol. H... |
12200308 | Construction of yeast strains with high cell surface lipase activity by using novel display systems based on the Flo1p flocculation functional domain. | We constructed a novel cell-surface display system, using as a new type of cell-wall anchor 3,297 or 4,341 bp of the 3' region of the FLO1 gene (FS or FL gene, respectively), which encodes the flocculation functional domain of Flo1p. In this system, the N terminus of the target protein was fused to the FS or FL protein... |
12200282 | Lactobacillus plantarum MiLAB 393 produces the antifungal cyclic dipeptides cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro) and cyclo(L-Phe-trans-4-OH-L-Pro) and 3-phenyllactic acid. | We have isolated a Lactobacillus plantarum strain (MiLAB 393) from grass silage that produces broad-spectrum antifungal compounds, active against food- and feed-borne filamentous fungi and yeasts in a dual-culture agar plate assay. Fusarium sporotrichioides and Aspergillus fumigatus were the most sensitive among the mo... |
12200277 | Molecular characterization of a novel glucosyltransferase from Lactobacillus reuteri strain 121 synthesizing a unique, highly branched glucan with alpha-(1-->4) and alpha-(1-->6) glucosidic bonds. | Lactobacillus reuteri strain 121 produces a unique, highly branched, soluble glucan in which the majority of the linkages are of the alpha-(1-->4) glucosidic type. The glucan also contains alpha-(1-->6)-linked glucosyl units and 4,6-disubstituted alpha-glucosyl units at the branching points. Using degenerate primers, b... |
12200270 | Cyclization reaction catalyzed by glycogen debranching enzyme (EC 2.4.1.25/EC 3.2.1.33) and its potential for cycloamylose production. | Glycogen debranching enzyme (GDE) has 4-alpha-glucanotransferase and amylo-1,6-glucosidase activities in the single polypeptide chain. We analyzed the detailed action profile of GDE from Saccharomyces cerevisiae on amylose and tested whether GDE catalyzes cyclization of amylose. GDE treatment resulted in a rapid reduct... |
12198089 | Na+ block and permeation in a K+ channel of known structure. | The effects of intracellular Na(+) were studied on K(+) and Rb(+) currents through single KcsA channels. At low voltage, Na(+) produces voltage-dependent block, which becomes relieved at high voltage by a "punchthrough" mechanism representing Na(+) escaping from its blocking site through the selectivity filter. The Na(... |
12197751 | Structure and properties of the dendron-encapsulated polyoxometalate (C(52)H(60)NO(12))(12)[(Mn(H(2)O))(3)(SbW(9)O(33))(2)], a first generation dendrizyme. | Combining analytical and theoretical methods, we present a detailed study of a heteropolytungstate cluster encapsulated in a shell of dendritically branching surfactants, namely (C(52)H(60)NO(12))(12)[(Mn(H(2)O))(3)(SbW(9)O(33))(2)], 3. This novel surfactant-encapsulated cluster (SEC) self-assembles spontaneously from ... |
12197747 | Atropselective macrocyclization of diaryl ether ring systems: application to the synthesis of vancomycin model systems. | Vancomycin is the last line of defense available in the clinic for treating multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. Vancomycin contains two 16-membered diaryl ether macrocycles, each of which contains a stereogenic axis across the diaryl ether linkage. Since an effective total synthesis of vancomycin requires that th... |
12197737 | Metal-switching and self-inclusion of functional cavitands. | Cavitands bearing both eight (5) and two (13) metal-ligating carboxymethylphosphonate groups on their rims were synthesized by Arbuzov reaction of the corresponding bromoacetamido cavitands with trialkyl phosphites. These exist in the vase conformation in CDCl(3) and are stabilized by a cyclic seam of hydrogen bonds. T... |
12197735 | Absolute configurational assignments of secondary amines by CD-sensitive dimeric zinc porphyrin host. | A general chiroptical protocol for determination of absolute configuration of secondary amines including acyclic and cyclic aliphatic amines, aromatic amines, amino acids, and amino alcohols is described. The chiral substrate is linked to the achiral carrier moiety (3-N-Boc-amino-propyl-N-Boc-amino)acetic acid 1 (BocHN... |
12197715 | Nanocluster with one missing core atom: a three-dimensional hybrid superlattice built from dual-sized supertetrahedral clusters. | In addition to having size-dependent properties, nanoclusters also behave like large pseudo-atoms and serve as building blocks for the construction of superlattices with properties that differ from either individual clusters or the bulk. While colloidal nanoparticles usually self-assemble into close-packed lattices, su... |
12197707 | Photoinduced electron transfer in hydrogen-bonded oligo(p-phenylene vinylene)-perylene bisimide chiral assemblies. | Well-defined chiral fibers incorporating hydrogen-bonded oligo(p-phenylene vinylene) donor and perylene bisimide acceptor chromophores have been realized by self-assembly. Upon photoillumination of these fibers electron-transfer takes place, leading to charge separation within the aggregated dyes. |
12198176 | Interference of papillomavirus E6 protein with single-strand break repair by interaction with XRCC1. | XRCC1 protein is required for the repair of DNA single-strand breaks and genetic stability, and is essential for viability in mammals. XRCC1 functions as a scaffold protein by interacting and modulating polypeptide components of the single-strand break repair machinery, including AP endonuclease-1, DNA ligase IIIalpha,... |
12198167 | Structure of Alba: an archaeal chromatin protein modulated by acetylation. | Eukaryotic DNA is packaged into nucleosomes that regulate the accessibility of the genome to replication, transcription and repair factors. Chromatin accessibility is controlled by histone modifications including acetylation and methylation. Archaea possess eukary otic-like machineries for DNA replication, transcriptio... |
12198153 | Interaction between domains of a plant NBS-LRR protein in disease resistance-related cell death. | Many plant disease resistance (R) genes encode proteins predicted to have an N-terminal coiled-coil (CC) domain, a central nucleotide-binding site (NBS) domain and a C-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain. These CC-NBS-LRR proteins recognize specific pathogen-derived products and initiate a resistance response tha... |
12198147 | Initial steps of Shigella infection depend on the cholesterol/sphingolipid raft-mediated CD44-IpaB interaction. | Shigellosis is an acute inflammatory bowel disease caused by the enteroinvasive bacterium SHIGELLA: Upon host cell-Shigella interaction, major host cell signalling responses are activated. Deciphering the initial molecular events is crucial to understanding the infectious process. We identified a molecular complex invo... |
12193639 | Interactions between integrase and excisionase in the phage lambda excisive nucleoprotein complex. | Bacteriophage lambda site-specific recombination comprises two overall reactions, integration into and excision from the host chromosome. Lambda integrase (Int) carries out both reactions. During excision, excisionase (Xis) helps Int to bind DNA and introduces a bend in the DNA that facilitates formation of the proper ... |
12193525 | Clinical course and medical management of neonates with severe cardiac failure related to vein of Galen malformation. | <h4>Background</h4>Neonatal presentation of vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations (VGAMs) with intractable cardiac failure is considered a poor prognostic sign. Interventional neuroradiology with embolisation has been shown to control cardiac failure, but there is a perception that neurological outcome in survivors is... |
12192081 | Surface adhesion of fusion proteins containing the hydrophobins HFBI and HFBII from Trichoderma reesei. | Hydrophobins are surface-active proteins produced by filamentous fungi, where they seem to be ubiquitous. They have a variety of roles in fungal physiology related to surface phenomena, such as adhesion, formation of surface layers, and lowering of surface tension. Hydrophobins can be divided into two classes based on ... |
12192071 | Plasticity in structure and interactions is critical for the action of indolicidin, an antibacterial peptide of innate immune origin. | The comparative analysis of two cationic antibacterial peptides of the cathelicidin family-indolicidin and tritrypticin-enabled addressing the structural features critical for the mechanism of indolicidin activity. Functional behavior of retro-indolicidin was found to be identical to that of native indolicidin. It is a... |
12191715 | Chiral separation of pemoline enantiomers by cyclodextrin-modified micellar capillary chromatography. | Micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) was successfully applied to the chiral separation with the addition of cyclodextrins (CDs) as chiral selector to running buffer. Chiral separation depended on the type of CDs. Mono-3-O-phenylcarbamoyl-beta-CD was effective for the chiral separation of pemoline. We investiga... |
12191711 | Polyoxyethylene-Delta(9,11)-didehydrostearate and glycerol-polyoxyethylene-Delta(9,11)-didehydrostearate: two new components of the non-ionic emulsifier Cremophor EL. | The polyethoxylated heterogeneous components of the so far poorly characterised non-ionic emulsifier Cremophor EL (polyoxyl 35 castor oil) (CrEL) were fractionated by cyclodextrin modified micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (CD-MEKC) combined with indirect UV detection. The resulting peaks were assigned t... |
12191690 | Comparative study of ibuproxam complexation with amorphous beta-cyclodextrin derivatives in solution and in the solid state. | The complexing, solubilizing and amorphizing abilities toward ibuproxam (a poorly water-soluble anti-inflammatory agent) of some randomly substituted amorphous beta-cyclodextrin derivatives (i.e. methyl- (MebetaCd), hydroxyethyl- (HEbetaCd), and hydroxypropyl- (HPbetaCd) beta-cyclodextrins) were investigated and compar... |
12191685 | Optimized transdermal delivery of ketoprofen using pH and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin as co-enhancers. | The role of pH and pK(a) of ionizable drugs in transdermal delivery has been well documented by the pH partition hypothesis. Similarly the role of pH in complexation has also been addressed by many studies. Reports contrary to the well believed theory that both molecular encapsulation by hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin... |
12192300 | Activation of factor IX by erythrocyte membranes causes intrinsic coagulation. | As an extension of our earlier work, procoagulant activity of erythrocyte [red blood cell (RBC)] membrane was examined using biochemical and rheological techniques. Western blot analysis of coagulation factors incubated with erythrocytes (RBCs) showed that only factor IX (FIX) was activated by RBC membranes in the pres... |
11996668 | A peptide mimic of an antigenic loop of alpha-human chorionic gonadotropin hormone: solution structure and interaction with a llama V(HH) domain. | The X-ray structure of a ternary complex between human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (hCG) and two Fvs recognizing its alpha and beta subunits has been recently determined. The Fvs recognize the elongated hCG molecule by its two ends, one being the Leu-12-Cys-29 loop of the alpha subunit. We have designed and synthesi... |
12186914 | A novel cell entry pathway for a DAF-using human enterovirus is dependent on lipid rafts. | The glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored complement regulatory protein decay-accelerating factor (DAF) is used by a number of enteroviruses as a receptor during infection. DAF and other GPI-anchored proteins can be found in cholesterol-rich ordered domains within the plasma membrane that are known as "lipid raft... |
12183691 | Studies on functional sites of organic cation/carnitine transporter OCTN2 (SLC22A5) using a Ser467Cys mutant protein. | The organic cation/carnitine transporter OCTN2 mediates transport of carnitine and organic cations in Na(+)-dependent and Na(+)-independent manners, respectively. However, the mechanism of molecular recognition of different substrates has not been clarified yet. We previously found a single amino acid change in OCTN2, ... |
12183596 | Yersinia high-pathogenicity island contributes to virulence in Escherichia coli causing extraintestinal infections. | The Yersinia high-pathogenicity island (HPI) encodes an iron uptake system mediated by the siderophore yersiniabactin (Ybt) and confers the virulence of highly pathogenic Yersinia species. This HPI is also widely distributed in human pathogenic members of the family of Enterobacteriaceae, above all in extraintestinal p... |
12183559 | Attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi expressing urease effectively immunizes mice against Helicobacter pylori challenge as part of a heterologous mucosal priming-parenteral boosting vaccination regimen. | Recombinant vaccine strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi capable of expressing Helicobacter pylori urease were generated by transforming strains CVD908 and CVD908-htrA with a plasmid harboring the ureAB genes under the control of an in vivo-inducible promoter. The plasmid did not interfere with the ability of e... |
12183520 | Enhancement of protective efficacy following intranasal immunization with vaccine plus a nontoxic LTK63 mutant delivered with nanoparticles. | Most vaccines are still given parenterally. Mucosal vaccination would offer different advantages over parenteral immunization, including blocking of the pathogens at the portal of entry. In this paper, nontoxic Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) mutants and Supramolecular Biovector systems (SMBV) were evalua... |
12182876 | Syntheses of polycationic dendrimers on lipophilic peptide core for complexation and transport of oligonucleotides. | Synthesis of novel polycationic lipophilic peptide core(s) was accomplished and these agents successfully transfected human retinal pigment epithelium cells with ODN1 upon complexation with the oligonucleotide. The level of transfection was indirectly measured by the decreased production of the protein hVEGF (human vas... |
12183225 | N-alkyl urea hydroxamic acids as a new class of peptide deformylase inhibitors with antibacterial activity. | Peptide deformylase (PDF) is a prokaryotic metalloenzyme that is essential for bacterial growth and is a new target for the development of antibacterial agents. All previously reported PDF inhibitors with sufficient antibacterial activity share the structural feature of a 2-substituted alkanoyl at the P(1)' site. Using... |
12175771 | The developments of semisynthetic DNA-protein conjugates. | Semisynthetic DNA-protein conjugates, generated by either covalent or non-covalent coupling chemistry, are versatile molecular tools applicable in bioanalytical and synthetic chemical procedures. This article reviews the synthesis and characterization of artificial nucleic acid-protein conjugates, in addition to applic... |
12169605 | Growth phase-dependent regulation of target gene promoters for binding of the essential orphan response regulator HP1043 of Helicobacter pylori. | Helicobacter pylori encodes three two-component systems and two orphan response regulators (RRs) that are predicted to be involved in transcriptional regulation. The HP1043 gene encodes an essential OmpR-like RR, 1043RR, for which no histidine kinase has been identified. Gel filtration and cross-linking experiments on ... |
12169593 | Salmonella type III secretion-associated protein InvE controls translocation of effector proteins into host cells. | Salmonella enterica encodes a type III secretion system (TTSS) within a pathogenicity island located at centisome 63 (SPI-1), which is essential for its pathogenicity. This system mediates the transfer of a battery of bacterial proteins into the host cell with the capacity to modulate cellular functions. The transfer p... |
12163607 | Stabilization of the soluble, cleaved, trimeric form of the envelope glycoprotein complex of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | The envelope glycoprotein (Env) complex of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 has evolved a structure that is minimally immunogenic while retaining its natural function of receptor-mediated virus-cell fusion. The Env complex is trimeric; its six individual subunits (three gp120 and three gp41 subunits) are associated ... |
12163585 | Nelfinavir-resistant, amprenavir-hypersusceptible strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 carrying an N88S mutation in protease have reduced infectivity, reduced replication capacity, and reduced fitness and process the Gag polyprotein precursor aberrantly. | The evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains with reduced susceptibility to protease inhibitors (PIs) is a major cause of PI treatment failure. A subset of subjects failing a therapy regimen containing the PI nelfinavir developed mutations at position 88 in the protease region. The N88S mutation... |
12163581 | Modulation of adenovirus vector tropism via incorporation of polypeptide ligands into the fiber protein. | The efficacy of adenovirus (Ad)-based gene therapy might be significantly improved if viral vectors capable of tissue-specific gene delivery could be developed. Previous attempts to genetically modify the tropism of Ad vectors have been only partially successful, largely due to the limited repertoire of ligands that ca... |
12135797 | The SPOT-synthesis technique. Synthetic peptide arrays on membrane supports--principles and applications. | Presented first in 1990 at the 21st European Peptide Symposium in Barcelona, Spain [Frank, R., Güler, S., Krause, S., Lindenmaier, W., 1991. Facile and rapid 'spot synthesis' of large numbers of peptides on membrane sheets. In: Giralt, E., Andreu, D. (Eds.) Peptides 1990, Proc. 21st Eur. Peptide Symp. ESCOM, Leiden, p.... |
12110302 | Transport of the highly charged myo-inositol hexakisphosphate molecule across the red blood cell membrane: a phase transfer and biological study. | To address the problem of delivering highly charged small molecules, such as phytic acid (InsP(6) or IHP), across biological membranes, we investigated an approach based on a non-covalent interaction between transport molecule(s) and IHP. Thus, we synthesized a collection of compounds containing IHP ionically bound to ... |
12205294 | Genomic profiles of clinical and environmental isolates of Vibrio cholerae O1 in cholera-endemic areas of Bangladesh. | Diversity, relatedness, and ecological interactions of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 populations in two distinctive habitats, the human intestine and the aquatic environment, were analyzed. Twenty environmental isolates and 42 clinical isolates were selected for study by matching serotype, geographic location of isolati... |
12200548 | Identification of benzothiazoles as potential polyglutamine aggregation inhibitors of Huntington's disease by using an automated filter retardation assay. | Preventing the formation of insoluble polyglutamine containing protein aggregates in neurons may represent an attractive therapeutic strategy to ameliorate Huntington's disease (HD). Therefore, the ability to screen for small molecules that suppress the self-assembly of huntingtin would have potential clinical and sign... |
12196524 | The X-ray crystallographic structure of Escherichia coli branching enzyme. | Branching enzyme catalyzes the formation of alpha-1,6 branch points in either glycogen or starch. We report the 2.3-A crystal structure of glycogen branching enzyme from Escherichia coli. The enzyme consists of three major domains, an NH(2)-terminal seven-stranded beta-sandwich domain, a COOH-terminal domain, and a cen... |
12195017 | Direct evidence for a G-quadruplex in a promoter region and its targeting with a small molecule to repress c-MYC transcription. | The nuclease hypersensitivity element III(1) upstream of the P1 promoter of c-MYC controls 85-90% of the transcriptional activation of this gene. We have demonstrated that the purine-rich strand of the DNA in this region can form two different intramolecular G-quadruplex structures, only one of which seems to be biolog... |
12193656 | Sterols block binding of COPII proteins to SCAP, thereby controlling SCAP sorting in ER. | Sterols inhibit their own synthesis in mammalian cells by blocking the vesicular endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi transport of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) cleavage-activating protein (SCAP), a sterol-sensing protein that escorts SREBPs. Unable to reach the Golgi, SREBPs are not processed by Golgi-re... |
12205374 | Tetrakis(mu-guanidinoacetic acid-kappa 2O:O')bis[(nitrato-kappa O)copper(II)]. | The title compound, [Cu(2)(NO(3))(2)(C(3)H(7)N(3)O(2))(4)], forms a centrosymmetric dimer, with the two Cu(2+) ions separated by 2.6525 (6) A. The asymmetric unit contains a Cu atom coordinated to two guanidinoacetic acid ligands (via one carboxylate O atom from each ligand) and to a nitrate group. The inversion centre... |
12189213 | Reactions of cysteines substituted in the amphipathic N-terminal tail of a bacterial potassium channel with hydrophilic and hydrophobic maleimides. | Single cysteine-substitution mutants of KcsA, a K(+) channel from Streptomyces lividans, were expressed in Escherichia coli, and inner membranes were isolated. The rate constants for the reactions of these cysteines with three maleimides of increasing hydrophobicity, 4-(N-maleimido)phenyltrimethylammonium, N-phenylmale... |
12185253 | The tobacco salicylic acid-binding protein 3 (SABP3) is the chloroplast carbonic anhydrase, which exhibits antioxidant activity and plays a role in the hypersensitive defense response. | In plants, salicylic acid (SA) plays an important role in signaling both local and systemic defense responses. Previous efforts to identify SA effector proteins in tobacco have led to the isolation of two soluble cytoplasmic SA-binding proteins (SABPs): catalase, SABP, and an approximately 25-kDa protein, SABP2. Here w... |
12183451 | Alkyl-lysophospholipid accumulates in lipid rafts and induces apoptosis via raft-dependent endocytosis and inhibition of phosphatidylcholine synthesis. | The synthetic alkyl-lysophospholipid (ALP), 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine, is an antitumor agent that acts on cell membranes and can induce apoptosis. We investigated how ALP is taken up by cells, how it affects de novo biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC), and how critical this is to initia... |
22303193 | The oxylipin pathway in Arabidopsis. | Oxylipins are acyclic or cyclic oxidation products derived from the catabolism of fatty acids which regulate many defense and developmental pathways in plants. The dramatic increase in the volume of publications and reviews on these compounds since 1997 documents the increasing interest in this compound and its role in... |
12177068 | Clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin forms a heptameric pore within the detergent-insoluble microdomains of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells and rat synaptosomes. | Clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin, which is responsible for enterotoxaemia in ungulates, forms a heptamer in rat synaptosomal and Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell membranes, leading to membrane permealization. Thus, the toxin may target the detergent-resistant membrane domains (DRMs) of these membranes, in ana... |
12177422 | Creating nanocavities of tunable sizes: hollow helices. | A general strategy for creating nanocavities with tunable sizes based on the folding of unnatural oligomers is presented. The backbones of these oligomers are rigidified by localized, three-center intramolecular hydrogen bonds, which lead to well-defined hollow helical conformations. Changing the curvature of the oligo... |
12177445 | VEGF-Trap: a VEGF blocker with potent antitumor effects. | Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a critical role during normal embryonic angiogenesis and also in the pathological angiogenesis that occurs in a number of diseases, including cancer. Initial attempts to block VEGF by using a humanized monoclonal antibody are beginning to show promise in human cancer pati... |
12177444 | Interchain vs. intrachain energy transfer in acceptor-capped conjugated polymers. | The energy-transfer processes taking place in conjugated polymers are investigated by means of ultrafast spectroscopy and correlated quantum-chemical calculations applied to polyindenofluorenes end-capped with a perylene derivative. Comparison between the time-integrated luminescence and transient absorption spectra me... |
12177428 | Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein is required for NK cell cytotoxicity and colocalizes with actin to NK cell-activating immunologic synapses. | The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a primary immunodeficiency disorder caused by a mutation in WAS protein (WASp) that results in defective actin polymerization. Although the function of many hematopoietic cells requires WASp, the specific expression and function of this molecule in natural killer (NK) cells is unkn... |
12177042 | Distinct molecular and cellular contributions to stabilizing selectin-mediated rolling under flow. | Leukocytes roll on selectins at nearly constant velocities over a wide range of wall shear stresses. Ligand-coupled microspheres roll faster on selectins and detach quickly as wall shear stress is increased. To examine whether the superior performance of leukocytes reflects molecular features of native ligands or cellu... |
12169671 | Oligonucleotide directed misfolding of RNA inhibits Candida albicans group I intron splicing. | RNA is becoming an important therapeutic target. Many potential RNA targets require secondary or tertiary structure for function. Examples include ribosomal RNAs, RNase P RNAs, mRNAs with untranslated regions that regulate translation, and group I and group II introns. Here, a method is described to inhibit RNA functio... |
12167672 | Interactions between lipids and bacterial reaction centers determined by protein crystallography. | The structure of the reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides has been solved by using x-ray diffraction at a 2.55-A resolution limit. Three lipid molecules that lie on the surface of the protein are resolved in the electron density maps. In addition to a cardiolipin that has previously been reported [McAuley, K. E... |
12167654 | Beta2 adrenergic receptor activation. Modulation of the proline kink in transmembrane 6 by a rotamer toggle switch. | In many rhodopsin-like G-protein-coupled receptors, agonist binding to a cluster of aromatic residues in TM6 may promote receptor activation by altering the configuration of the TM6 Pro-kink and by the subsequent movement of the cytoplasmic end of TM6 away from TM3. We hypothesized that the highly conserved Cys(6.47), ... |
12167633 | Endogenously expressed epithelial sodium channel is present in lipid rafts in A6 cells. | The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) present in the kidney collecting duct, distal colon, and the lung is responsible for salt reabsorption and whole body volume regulation. It is composed of three homologous subunits, alpha, beta, and gamma, and mutations to these subunits can lead to the salt wasting disease pseudohy... |
12163503 | Chemokine stimulation of lymphocyte alpha 4 integrin avidity but not of leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 avidity to endothelial ligands under shear flow requires cholesterol membrane rafts. | VLA-4 and LFA-1 are the major vascular integrins expressed on circulating lymphocytes. Previous studies suggested that intact cholesterol rafts are required for integrin adhesiveness in different leukocytes. We found the alpha(4) integrins VLA-4 and alpha(4)beta(7) as well as the LFA-1 integrin to be excluded from raft... |
22908412 | Covalent immobilization of cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase (CGTase) in activated silica and Sepharose. | Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase is a non-Leloir glycosyltransferase that directly employs the free energy of cleavage of starch to produce cyclodextrins. In presence of appropriate acceptors, this enzyme synthesizes oligosaccharides containing alpha(1-->4) bonds. We have investigated the covalent immobilization of CGTa... |
18968754 | Cyclodextrin enhanced spectrofluorimetric determination of fluoxetine in pharmaceuticals and biological fluids. | The characteristics of host-guest complexation between methyl-beta-cyclodextrin and fluoxetine were investigated by fluorescence spectrometry. A 1:1 stoichiometry of the complex was established and association constant of 4.35x10(-3) M(-1) at 20 degrees C was calculated. A spectrofluorimetric method for the determinati... |
18968747 | Uranyl-selective PVC membrane electrodes based on some recently synthesized benzo-substituted macrocyclic diamides. | Four different recently synthesized macrocyclic diamides were studied to characterize their abilities as uranyl ion carriers in PVC membrane electrodes. The electrodes based on macrocycle 1,18-diaza-3,4;15,16-dibenzo-5,8,11,14,21,24-hexaoxacyclohexaeicosane-2,17-dione resulted in a Nernstian response for UO(2)(2+) ion ... |
16290782 | Supramolecular self-assembly of nanotubes and supercoils from long-chain derivatives of pyrimindinetrione and triazine. | The self-assembly of two complementary components, 5-(4-N-methyl-N-dodecylaminobenzylidene)-2,4,6-(1H,3H)-pyrimidi-netrione (1) and 4-amino-2,6-didodecylamino-1,3,5-triazine (2) was found to result in the formation of a hollow supramolecular nanotube with about 6 nm in diameter and hundreds of nanometers in length as o... |
12599698 | [Study on preparation of beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound of volatile oil from Aucklandia lappa]. | <h4>Objective</h4>To study optimum inclusion process conditions for volatile oil from Aucklandia lappa.<h4>Methods</h4>The study was carried out with orthogonal design. The process conditions were studied by determining the utilization ratio of volatile oil from Aucklandia lappa, the oil-bearing rate and extract ratio ... |
12814184 | Assembly, stability and integrity of basement membranes in vivo. | Basement membranes are layered structures of the extracellular matrix which separate cells of various kinds from the surrounding stroma. One of the frequently recurring questions about basement membranes is how these structures are formed in vivo. Up to a few years ago, it was thought that basement membranes were forme... |
12503146 | Reversible bulk photorelease of strontium ion from a crown ether-linked merocyanine. | The use of a crown-ether-linked merocyanine, DCM-crown, for producing photoinduced, long-lived and reversible concentration jumps of metal cations is reexamined. In this new investigation, the excited-state behavior of DCM-crown complexed with a strontium ion in acetonitrile is found to exhibit the same trends as those... |
12503145 | Effects of the dendrimer cage on O2 binding of dendritic cobalt(II) porphyrins. | Two types of dendritically functionalized cobalt(II) porphyrins were prepared and investigated in the presence of 1,2-dimethylimidazole, pyridine, and 1-methylimidazole. Continuous-wave (CW) and pulse electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) techniques revealed specific inform... |
12393437 | Multi-institutional use of defibrotide in 88 patients after stem cell transplantation with severe veno-occlusive disease and multisystem organ failure: response without significant toxicity in a high-risk population and factors predictive of outcome. | Veno-occlusive disease (VOD) is the most common regimen-related toxicity accompanying stem cell transplantation (SCT). Severe VOD complicated by multisystem organ failure (MOF) remains almost uniformly fatal. Preliminary experience with defibrotide (DF), a single-stranded polydeoxyribonucleotide with fibrinolytic, anti... |
12416659 | Silybin-beta-cyclodextrin in the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus and alcoholic liver disease. Efficacy study of a new preparation of an anti-oxidant agent. | <h4>Background and aims</h4>In patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and associated chronic liver disease, plasma levels of glucose, insulin and triglycerides are high, lipid peroxidation is increased and natural antioxidant reserves are reduced. Thus, we hypothesised that the re-balancing of cel... |
12374222 | Anti-ganglioside antibodies bind with enhanced affinity to gangliosides containing very long chain fatty acids. | Gangliosides function in both physiological and pathological molecular recognition. Although much research has focused on the role of ganglioside glycans in recognition, fewer studies have addressed the role of the ceramide moiety. Ceramides of major brain gangliosides are composed predominantly of monounsaturated 18-c... |
12374189 | Biochemical and structural information transduction at the mesoscopic level in biointerfaces containing sphingolipids. | In this work we describe two aspects of molecular and supramolecular information transduction. The first is the biochemical and structural information content and transduction associated with sphingomyelinase activity. The results disclose a lipid-mediated cross-communication between the sphingomyelinase and phospholip... |
12323361 | Enzyme activation for nonaqueous media. | Highly active enzyme formulations can be prepared for use in nonaqueous media. Considerable progress has been made in the past two years on gaining an improved mechanistic understanding of enzyme function and activation in dehydrated environments. This increased fundamental understanding has led to the development of a... |
12323352 | Peptide arrays: from macro to micro. | Over the past decade of proteome research peptide arrays have become a widespread and powerful tool to study molecular recognition events and to identify biologically active peptides. A variety of applications such as epitope mapping, characterisation of protein-protein interactions, enzyme-substrate or inhibitor inter... |
12240949 | Stable supersaturated aqueous solutions of silatecan 7-t-butyldimethylsilyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin via chemical conversion in the presence of a chemically modified beta-cyclodextrin. | <h4>Purpose</h4>A method for obtaining clear supersaturated aqueous solutions for parenteral administration of the poorly soluble experimental anti-cancer drug silatecan 7-t-butyldimethylsilyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (DB-67) has been developed.<h4>Methods</h4>Equilibrium solubilities of DB-67 were determined in various ... |
12236083 | [Therapeutic strategy in acute necrotizing pancreatitis]. | We describe our therapeutic principles in connection with the treatment of 43 patients (30 male and 13 female) with acute necrotizing pancreatitis. The etiology of the disease was alcohol in 72.1%, gallstones in 23.3%, trauma, hyperlipidemia, ERCP and unknown in 4.7%. In all patients, the necrosis was proved by CT and ... |
12236065 | Improving the dissolution and bioavailability of nifedipine using solid dispersions and solubilizers. | Nifedipine (NF) is a poorly water-soluble drug, of low and irregular bioavailability after oral administration. Although some reports have attempted to improve the dissolution of NF using solid dispersions and solubilizers, little literature information is available on the in vivo performance of such preparations. The ... |
12236534 | Practice and theory of enantioselective complexation gas chromatography. | The practice and theory of enantioselective complexation GC is comprehensively reviewed for the first time. A multitude of racemic oxygen-, nitrogen- and sulfur-containing selectands can be separated without prior derivatization into enantiomers by complexation GC on optically active metal(II) bis[3-(perfluoroacyl)-(1R... |
12236512 | Enantiomer separation of flavour and fragrance compounds by liquid chromatography using novel urea-covalent bonded methylated beta-cyclodextrins on silica. | A novel methylated beta-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase (CSP-ME), which was chemically immobilised onto porous silica via multiple urea-linkages was synthesised. The CSP-ME chiral stationary phase depicted good enantiomer separation abilities for some well-known flavour as well as fragrance compounds using high-pe... |
12230871 | Heme degradation and human disease: diversity is the soul of life. | We all depend on molecular oxygen and heme for our life, as evident from the pigments in blood and daily wastes. About 80% of serum bilirubin is derived from hemoglobin of senescent erythrocytes, which have finished their mission of 120 days and have been phagocytized by macrophages in the reticuloendothelial system. H... |
12223091 | Effects of osmolytes on unfolding of chicken liver fatty acid synthase. | Urea-induced aggregation of chicken liver fatty acid synthase [acyl-CoA:malonyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (decarboxylating, oxoacyl- and enoyl-reducing and thioester-hydrolyzing), EC 2.3.1.85] was studied. The aggregation was facilitated at increased ionic strength. Methyl-beta-cyclodextrin and some osmolytes, such as glyc... |
12220961 | Itraconazole solution: summary of pharmacokinetic features and review of activity in the treatment of fluconazole-resistant oral candidosis in HIV-infected persons. | The clinical pharmacology of itraconazole is presented in relation to its use in the treatment of fluconazole-resistant oropharyngeal candidosis. The oral solution is a new formulation of itraconazole in which itraconazole is solubilised with the use of cyclodextrin. This formulation has a higher bioavailability and le... |
12216737 | Non-covalent calixarene-amino acid complexes formed by MALDI-MS. | Non-covalent inclusion complexes formed between amino acids and derivatized calix[6]arenes are observed in MALDI mass spectrometry. The methyl, ethyl, and propyl ester derivatives of calix[6]arene yielded amino acid complexes, while the smaller calix[4]arene analogs did not. Similarly the underivatized calix[6]arene an... |
12216735 | On the specificity of cyclodextrin complexes detected by electrospray mass spectrometry. | Alpha-cyclodextrin complexes with linear alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acids were investigated by electrospray mass spectrometry. These hydrophobic complexes are known to have an equilibrium binding constant that increases with the diacid chain length. However, the electrospray mass spectrometry (ES-MS) spectra showed that ... |
12216733 | Comparison of local anesthetic-cyclodextrin non-covalent complexes using capillary electrophoresis and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. | Non-covalent complexes between three derivitized cyclodextrins (CD's) and six local anesthetics were studied using capillary electrophoresis (CE) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The CE study was performed using the complete filling technique (CFT). A comparison between the migration data from CE... |
12214684 | Copolymer solutions as separation media for DNA capillary electrophoresis. | A review on copolymers used as DNA separation media in capillary electrophoresis is presented. Copolymers can combine the desirable properties of different monomers, yielding many attractive features, such as high sieving ability, low viscosity, self-assembly behavior and dynamic coating ability. Copolymers with differ... |
12212801 | Significance and mechanism of Alzheimer neurofibrillary degeneration and therapeutic targets to inhibit this lesion. | Abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau which is the major protein subunit of paired helical filaments (PHF)/neurofibrillary tangles is the pivotal lesion in Alzheimer disease (AD) and related tauopathies. The cosegregation of tau mutations with disease in inherited cases of frontotemporal dementia has confirmed that abnorm... |
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