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12052695 | Utilization of supercritical carbon dioxide for complex formation of ibuprofen and methyl-beta-cyclodextrin. | The dissolution rate of a drug into the biological environment can be enhanced by forming complexes with cyclodextrins and their derivatives. In this study, ibuprofen-methyl-beta-cyclodextrin complexes were prepared successfully by passing ibuprofen-laden CO(2) through a methyl-beta-cyclodextrin packed bed. The maximum... |
12049519 | A first synthesis of thiophene dendrimers. | [structure: see text] Thiophene dendrons and dendrimers were designed and synthesized using a convergent approach. Metal-mediated coupling reactions were used in the synthesis. A rational approach allowed the formation of alphaalpha, betabeta, and alphabeta linkages between the dendrons and thiophene units. |
12049640 | Differential role of glycolipid-enriched membrane domains in glycoprotein VI- and integrin-mediated phospholipase Cgamma2 regulation in platelets. | The platelet collagen receptor glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and the fibrinogen receptor integrin alphaIIbbeta3 trigger intracellular signalling cascades involving the tyrosine kinase Syk, the adapter SLP-76 and phospholipase Cgamma2 (PLCgamma2). Similar pathways are activated downstream of immune receptors in lymphocytes, wh... |
11931644 | Structure-function of the multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. | Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII) is a ubiquitous mediator of Ca2+-linked signalling that phosphorylates a wide range of substrates to co-ordinate and regulate Ca2+-mediated alterations in cellular function. The transmission of information by the kinase from extracellular stimuli and the intracell... |
12047198 | Large-scale resonance amplification of optical sensing of volatile compounds with chemoresponsive visible-region diffraction gratings. | Micropatterning of the vapochromic charge-transfer salt, [Pt(CNC6H4C10H21)4][Pd(CN)4], on transparent platforms yields transmissive chemoresponsive diffraction gratings. Exposure of the gratings to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as chloroform and methanol leads to VOC uptake by the porous material comprising th... |
12047196 | Resonance Raman evidence for protein-induced out-of-plane distortion of the heme prosthetic group of mammalian lactoperoxidase. | Resonance Raman spectra have been acquired for resting state mammalian lactoperoxidase, LPO(N), and its six-coordinate, low-spin (6CLS) cyanide complex, LPO(CN), as well as for various heme l containing fragments resulting from partial or complete proteolytic digestion. These proteolytic fragments provide a useful set ... |
12047193 | Solvent triggering between conformational states in amphiphilic shape-persistent macrocycles. | The amphiphilic shape-persistent macrocycle 1 containing four phenol-OH groups as polar side groups and four hexyloxy groups as nonpolar side groups in an adaptable arrangement was recrystallized from solvents of different polarity. X-ray crystallography reveals that the conformation of the macrocycle is solvent depend... |
12047184 | Is the corrolate macrocycle innocent or noninnocent? Magnetic susceptibility, Mössbauer, 1H NMR, and DFT investigations of chloro- and phenyliron corrolates. | In an attempt to determine the electron configuration of (anion)iron corrolates, i.e., whether they are S = 1 Fe(IV)-corrolate(3-) or S = 3/2 Fe(III)-corrolate(2-*), with antiferromagnetic coupling between the iron and macrocycle electrons to yield overall S = 1, two axial ligand complexes of an iron octaalkylcorrolate... |
12047182 | Engineering the structure and magnetic properties of crystalline solids via the metal-directed self-assembly of a versatile molecular building unit. | We report the supramolecular chemistry of several metal complexes of N-(4-pyridyl)benzamide (NPBA) with the general formula [Ma(NPBA)2AbSc], where M = Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Cu2+, Ag+; A = NO3-, OAc-; S = MeOH, H2O; a = 0, 1, 2; b = 0, 1, 2, 4; and c = 0, 2. NPBA contains structural features that can engage in three m... |
12047181 | Supramolecular fullerene-porphyrin chemistry. Fullerene complexation by metalated "jaws porphyrin" hosts. | Porphyrins and fullerenes are spontaneously attracted to each other. This new supramolecular recognition element is explored in discrete, soluble, coordinatively linked porphyrin and metalloporphyrin dimers. Jawlike clefts in these bis-porphyrins are effective hosts for fullerene guests. X-ray structures of the Cu comp... |
12047176 | Guest encapsulation and self-assembly of molecular capsules in polar solvents via multiple ionic interactions. | Herein we report the formation and characterization of a novel type of capsules resulting from the self-association between oppositely charged complementary building blocks in MeOH/H2O. The assembly is based on the interaction between tetraamidinium calix[4]arenes 1a-d and tetrasulfonato calix[4]arene 2. Evidence for t... |
12047157 | Femtosecond excitation energy transport in triarylamine dendrimers. | The search for a model that can be used to describe the optical excitation migration in dendrimers has attracted great attention. In most cases in a dendrimer the conjugation is disrupted at the branching point; however, the excitation is delocalized. The strength of interactions among neighboring chromophores plays a ... |
12046697 | Effects of stochastic sodium channels on extracellular excitation of myelinated nerve fibers. | The effects of the stochastic gating properties of sodium channels on the extracellular excitation properties of mammalian nerve fibers was determined by computer simulation. To reduce computation time, a hybrid multicompartment cable model including five central nodes of Ranvier containing stochastic sodium channels a... |
12044574 | Transepithelial transport of poly(amidoamine) dendrimers across Caco-2 cell monolayers. | The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of physiochemical parameters (such as size, molecular weight, molecular geometry, and number of surface amine groups) of poly (amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers, on their permeability across Caco-2 cell monolayers. The permeability of a series of PAMAM dendrimer... |
12045260 | Induction of CD4(+) T cell-dependent antitumor immunity by TAT-mediated tumor antigen delivery into dendritic cells. | Dendritic cell-based (DC-based) immunotherapy represents a promising approach to the prevention and treatment of many diseases, including cancer, but current strategies have met with only limited success in clinical and preclinical studies. Previous studies have demonstrated that a TAT peptide derived from the HIV TAT ... |
12045400 | Metabolic effects of thia fatty acids. | Thia substituted fatty acids are saturated fatty acids which are modified by insertion of a sulfur atom at specific positions in the carbon backbone. During the last few years pleiotropic effects of the 3-thia fatty acid tetradecylthioacetic acid have been revealed. The biological responses to tetradecylthioacetic acid... |
12044165 | Chromophore organization in the higher-plant photosystem II antenna protein CP26. | The chlorophyll a/b-xanthophyll-protein CP26 complex belongs to the Lhc protein family. It binds nine chlorophylls and two xanthophylls per 26.6 kDa polypeptide. Determination of the characteristics of each binding site is needed for the understanding of functional organization of individual proteins belonging to the p... |
12021773 | The ZP domain is a conserved module for polymerization of extracellular proteins. | Many eukaryotic extracellular proteins share a sequence of unknown function, called the zona pellucida (ZP) domain. Among these proteins are the mammalian sperm receptors ZP2 and ZP3, non-mammalian egg coat proteins, Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP), glycoprotein-2 (GP-2), alpha- and beta-tectorins, transforming growth fact... |
12039641 | Evaluation of the impurity profile of alcuronium by means of capillary electrophoresis. | Alcuronium, a neuromuscular blocking drug, was recently introduced to the European Pharmacopoeia. A HPLC method is described to limit the impurities of alcuronium, namely the diallylcaracurine (DAC) and the allyl-Wieland-Gumlich-aldehyde (WCA), to less than 0.5%. Since alcuronium and all impurities are quaternary salts... |
12039640 | Interactions of oxyphenbutazone with different cyclodextrins in aqueous medium and in the solid state. | The interactions between a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, oxyphenbutazone (OPB), with two cyclodextrins, beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) and gamma-cyclodextrin (gamma-CD), have been studied in an aqueous medium and in the solid state. Differential scanning calorimetry, hot stage microscopy, thermogravimetric analysi... |
12040046 | Peroxynitrite inactivates the human dopamine transporter by modification of cysteine 342: potential mechanism of neurotoxicity in dopamine neurons. | Peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) has been implicated as a causative factor in dopamine neuronal damage resulting from exposure to methamphetamine and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), and it may be involved in the etiology of Parkinson's Disease. ONOO(-) causes a concentration-dependent and irreversible reduc... |
12039580 | Preparation, characterization, molecular modeling and in vitro activity of paclitaxel-cyclodextrin complexes. | Paclitaxel (PTX) was complexed with beta-cyclodextrin (1), 2,6-dimethyl-beta-cyclodextrin (2) and 2,3,6-trimethyl-beta-cyclodextrin (3). PTX-CYD complexes were characterized both at the solid and liquid states. Experimental findings are in agreement with molecular modeling analysis, which showed different PTX-CYD inter... |
12039563 | Synthesis and biological activity of polygalloyl-dendrimers as stable tannic acid mimics. | Inspired by the structure of tannic acid, first- to third-generation dendrimers containing two, four, and eight galloyl moieties were synthesized. Stability, antioxidant activity and collagen cross-linking activity of the natural product and its dendrimer analogues were compared. The experimental results indicate that ... |
12039748 | Comparative phenotypic, molecular, and virulence characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 isolates. | Historically, Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections have been characterized by sporadic cases caused by multiple, diverse serotypes. However, since 1996, V. parahaemolyticus serotype O3:K6 strains have been associated with several large-scale outbreaks of illness, suggesting the emergence of a "new" group of organisms wit... |
12036349 | 3-Aminopyrrolidinone farnesyltransferase inhibitors: design of macrocyclic compounds with improved pharmacokinetics and excellent cell potency. | A series of macrocyclic 3-aminopyrrolidinone farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) has been synthesized. Compared with previously described linear 3-aminopyrrolidinone FTIs such as compound 1, macrocycles such as 49 combined improved pharmacokinetic properties with a reduced potential for side effects. In dogs, oral bi... |
12036929 | Molecular targeting of the epidermal growth factor receptor for neutron capture therapy of gliomas. | Success of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is dependent on cellular and molecular targeting of sufficient amounts of boron-10 to sustain a lethal (10)B (n, alpha) (7)Li capture reaction. The purpose of the present study was to determine the efficacy of boronated epidermal growth factor (EGF) either alone or in com... |
12036855 | Cholesterol is essential for macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta binding and conformational integrity of CC chemokine receptor 5. | The chemokine receptor, CCR5, is used as a human immunodeficiency virus coreceptor in combination with CD4 during transmission and early infection. CCR5 has been shown to be palmitoylated and targeted to cholesterol- and sphingolipid-rich membrane microdomains termed "lipid rafts." However, the role of cholesterol and ... |
12034814 | Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage SPP1 hexameric DNA helicase, G40P, interacts with forked DNA. | SPP1-encoded replicative DNA helicase gene 40 product (G40P) is an essential product for phage replication. Hexameric G40P, in the presence of AMP-PNP, preferentially binds unstructured single-stranded (ss)DNA in a sequence-independent manner. The efficiency of ssDNA binding, nucleotide hydrolysis and the unwinding act... |
12034759 | Volume-regulated anion channels serve as an auto/paracrine nucleotide release pathway in aortic endothelial cells. | Mechanical stress induces auto/paracrine ATP release from various cell types, but the mechanisms underlying this release are not well understood. Here we show that the release of ATP induced by hypotonic stress (HTS) in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) occurs through volume-regulated anion channels (VRAC). Vario... |
12033877 | Luminescent lanthanide ions hosted in a fluorescent polylysin dendrimer. Antenna-like sensitization of visible and near-infrared emission. | We have investigated the complexation of the luminescent Nd(3+), Eu(3+), Gd(3+), Tb(3+), Er(3+), and Yb(3+) ions by a polylysin dendrimer containing 21 amide groups in the interior and, in the periphery, 24 chromophoric dansyl units which show an intense fluorescence band in the visible region. Most of the experiments ... |
12033868 | Avidin: a natural bridge for quantum dot-antibody conjugates. | We describe the preparation and characterization of bioinorganic conjugates in which luminescent semiconductor CdSe-ZnS core-shell nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) were coupled to antibodies through the use of an avidin bridge adsorbed to the nanocrystal surface via electrostatic self-assembly. Avidin, a highly positivel... |
12033853 | Efficient delivery of streptavidin to mammalian cells: clathrin-mediated endocytosis regulated by a synthetic ligand. | The efficient delivery of macromolecules to living cells presents a formidable challenge to the development of effective macromolecular therapeutics and cellular probes. We describe herein a novel synthetic ligand termed "Streptaphage" that enables efficient cellular uptake of the bacterial protein streptavidin by prom... |
12033898 | Supramolecular assemblies of dimetal complexes with polydentate N-donor ligands: from a discrete pyramid to a 3D channel network. | Reactions of a dinuclear metal complex in the form of dirhodium(II) tetra(trifluoroacetate), [Rh(2)(O(2)CCF(3))(4)] (1), with a number of strong N-donor ligands having functional groups rigidly oriented at different directing angles have been found to yield supramolecular architectures of differing complexity. All stru... |
12033897 | Crown ether appended cyclam receptors for cationic guests. | A series of crown ether appended macrocyclic amines has been prepared comprising benzo-12-crown-4, benzo-15-crown-5, or benzo-18-crown-6 attached to a diamino-substituted cyclam. The Co(III) complexes of these three receptors have been prepared and characterized spectroscopically and structurally. Crystal structures of... |
12033937 | Beta-turn Phe in HIV-1 Env binding site of CD4 and CD4 mimetic miniprotein enhances Env binding affinity but is not required for activation of co-receptor/17b site. | HIV-1 enters a host cell after an initial interaction between viral envelope glycoprotein gp120 and cell surface receptor CD4, followed by a second interaction between gp120 and a cell surface chemokine receptor. CD4 residue Phe43 makes a significant contribution to the high-affinity interaction between CD4 and env. We... |
12033599 | Controlled release of rhodium (II) carboxylates and their association complexes with cyclodextrins from hydroxyapatite matrix. | Preparation and characterization of a controlled release system of rhodium (II) citrate, acetate. propionate, butyrate and their inclusion or association compounds with cyclodextrin (CD) are described. The porous hydroxyapatite (HA) was characterized by X-ray powder pattern diffraction, FTIR and solid state 31P NMR. Sc... |
12032681 | Genomics and medicine: hopes and challenges. | The major impact of the completion of the human genome sequence is the understanding of disease etiology with deduced therapy. The catalog of monogenic diseases should be easily completed through in silico cloning. The major challenge today is to decipher the polygenic and multifactorial etiology of common diseases, su... |
12032069 | A tubular EHD1-containing compartment involved in the recycling of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules to the plasma membrane. | The Eps15 homology (EH) domain-containing protein, EHD1, has recently been ascribed a role in the recycling of receptors internalized by clathrin-mediated endocytosis. A subset of plasma membrane proteins can undergo internalization by a clathrin-independent pathway regulated by the small GTP-binding protein ADP-ribosy... |
12028438 | Renal tubular damage detected by dynamic micro-MRI with a dendrimer-based magnetic resonance contrast agent. | <h4>Background</h4>A noninvasive technique to evaluate the structure and function of the kidney would be useful to investigate renal diseases, especially acute renal failure. We have developed a novel technique to visualize functional micro-magnetic resonance (MR) images of the mouse kidney with a dendrimer-based macro... |
12023893 | Biochemical characterization and subcellular localization of human copper transporter 1 (hCTR1). | The human copper transporter 1 gene (hCTR1) was previously identified by functional complementation in ctr1-deficient yeast. Overexpression of hCTR1 in wild-type yeast leads to increased sensitivity to copper toxicity, and mice with a homozygous disruption at the Ctr1 locus die early during embryogenesis. It is propose... |
12023121 | In vitro selection as a powerful tool for the applied evolution of proteins and peptides. | New in vitro methods for the applied evolution of protein structure and function complement conventional cellular and phage-based methods. Strategies employing the direct physical linkage of genotype and phenotype, and the compartmental association of gene and product to select desired properties are discussed, and rec... |
12023112 | Recent developments in dynamic combinatorial chemistry. | Generating combinatorial libraries under equilibrium conditions has the important advantage that the libraries are adaptive (i.e. they can respond to exterior influences in the form of molecular recognition events). Thus, a ligand will direct and amplify the formation of its ideal receptor and vice versa. Proof of prin... |
12023255 | Polarization-modulated second harmonic generation in collagen. | Collagen possesses a strong second-order nonlinear susceptibility, a nonlinear optical property characterized by second harmonic generation in the presence of intense laser beams. We present a new technique involving polarization modulation of an ultra-short pulse laser beam that can simultaneously determine collagen f... |
12023253 | Computational simulation of the docking of Prochlorothrix hollandica plastocyanin to potosystem I: modeling the electron transfer complex. | We have used several docking algorithms (GRAMM, FTDOCK, DOT, AUTODOCK) to examine protein-protein interactions between plastocyanin (Pc)/photosystem I (PSI) in the electron transfer reaction. Because of the large size and complexity of this system, it is faster and easier to use computer simulations than conduct x-ray ... |
12023250 | Solvation model dependency of helix-coil transition in polyalanine. | Helix-coil transitions in polyalanine molecules of length 10 are studied by multi-canonical Monte Carlo simulations. The solvation effects are included by either a distance-dependent dielectric permittivity or by a term that is proportional to the solvent-accessible surface area of the peptide. We found a strong depend... |
12023244 | Aggregation of gramicidin A in phospholipid Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers. | The aggregation of Gramicidin A (gA) in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcoline (DPPC) monolayers is investigated by both thermodynamic and structural methods. Compression isotherm analysis and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations are performed. Our experimental results indicate that gA aggregation does occur in DPPC monol... |
12023238 | Morphology and molecular composition of sarcoplasmic reticulum surface junctions in the absence of DHPR and RyR in mouse skeletal muscle. | Calcium release during excitation-contraction coupling of skeletal muscle cells is initiated by the functional interaction of the exterior membrane and the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), mediated by the "mechanical" coupling of ryanodine receptors (RyR) and dihydropyridine receptors (DHPR). RyR is the sarcoplasmic reticu... |
12023229 | Contribution of energy values to the analysis of global searching molecular dynamics simulations of transmembrane helical bundles. | Molecular interactions between transmembrane alpha-helices can be explored using global searching molecular dynamics simulations (GSMDS), a method that produces a group of probable low energy structures. We have shown previously that the correct model in various homooligomers is always located at the bottom of one of v... |
12023223 | Inhibition of single Shaker K channels by kappa-conotoxin-PVIIA. | kappa-Conotoxin-PVIIA (kappa-PVIIA) is a 27-residue basic (+4) peptide from the venom of the predator snail Conus purpurascens. A single kappa-PVIIA molecule interrupts ion conduction by binding to the external mouth of Shaker K channels. The blockade of Shaker by kappa-PVIIA was studied at the single channel level in ... |
12023214 | The importance of lattice defects in katanin-mediated microtubule severing in vitro. | The microtubule-severing enzyme katanin uses ATP hydrolysis to disrupt noncovalent bonds between tubulin dimers within the microtubule lattice. Although its microtubule severing activity is likely important for fundamental processes including mitosis and axonal outgrowth, its mechanism of action is poorly understood. T... |
12021455 | Structure and functional characterization of the periplasmic N-terminal polypeptide domain of the sugar-specific ion channel protein (ScrY porin). | The structure of the sucrose-specific porin (ScrY) from Salmonella typhimurium has been elucidated by X-ray crystallography to consist of 18 antiparallel beta-strands, associated as a trimer complex similar to ion-transport channels. However, the 71-amino-acid-residue N-terminal periplasmic domain was not determined fr... |
12021450 | Importance of secondary structural specificity determinants in protein folding: insertion of a native beta-sheet sequence into an alpha-helical coiled-coil. | To examine how a short secondary structural element derived from a native protein folds when in a different protein environment, we inserted an 11-residue beta-sheet segment (cassette) from human immunoglobulin fold, Fab new, into an alpha-helical coiled-coil host protein (cassette holder). This de novo design protein ... |
12021447 | Solution structure of a yeast ubiquitin-like protein Smt3: the role of structurally less defined sequences in protein-protein recognitions. | Smt3 belongs to a growing family of ubiquitin-related proteins involved in posttranslational protein modification. Independent studies demonstrate an essential function of Smt3 in the regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport, and suggest a role in cell-cycle regulation. Here we report the high-resolution NMR structure... |
12021441 | Enzymatic conformational fluctuations along the reaction coordinate of cytidine deaminase. | Analysis of the crystal structures for cytidine deaminase complexed with substrate analog 3-deazacytidine, transition-state analog zebularine 3,4-hydrate, and product uridine establishes significant changes in the magnitude of atomic-scale fluctuations along the (approximate) reaction coordinate of this enzyme. Differe... |
12021440 | An improved hydrogen bond potential: impact on medium resolution protein structures. | A new semi-empirical force field has been developed to describe hydrogen-bonding interactions with a directional component. The hydrogen bond potential supports two alternative target angles, motivated by the observation that carbonyl hydrogen bond acceptor angles have a bimodal distribution. It has been implemented as... |
12021434 | Probing protein conformation with a minimal photochemical reagent. | 3H-diazirine (3H-DZN), a photoreactive gas similar in size to water, was used to probe the topography of the surface and inner space of proteins. On photolysis 3H-DZN generates 3H-methylene carbene, which reacts unselectively with its molecular cage, inserting even into C-H bonds. Labeling of bovine alpha-lactalbumin (... |
12021432 | Towards a general model for protein-substrate stereoselectivity. | Protein-substrate interactions in enzymatic, neurological, and immunological systems are typically characterized by a high degree of stereoselectivity towards complex substrates. We propose a novel stereocenter-recognition (SR) model for stereoselectivity of proteins (or receptors in general) towards substrates that ha... |
12021342 | Molecular and immunological significance of chimpanzee major histocompatibility complex haplotypes for hepatitis C virus immune response and vaccination studies. | The chimpanzee is a critical animal model for studying cellular immune responses to infectious pathogens such as hepatitis B and C viruses, human immunodeficiency virus, and malaria. Several candidate vaccines and immunotherapies for these infections aim at the induction or enhancement of cellular immune responses agai... |
12021337 | Processing and presentation of murine cytomegalovirus pORFm164-derived peptide in fibroblasts in the face of all viral immunosubversive early gene functions. | CD8 T cells are the principal effector cells in the resolution of acute murine cytomegalovirus (mCMV) infection in host organs. This undoubted antiviral and protective in vivo function of CD8 T cells appeared to be inconsistent with immunosubversive strategies of the virus effected by early (E)-phase genes m04, m06, an... |
12018940 | Equilibrium and kinetic analyses of the interactions between vitamin B(12) binding proteins and cobalamins by surface plasmon resonance. | Surface plasmon resonance biosensor analysis was used to evaluate the thermodynamics and binding kinetics of naturally occurring and synthetic cobalamins interacting with vitamin B(12) binding proteins. Cyanocobalamin-b-(5-aminopentylamide) was immobilized on a biosensor chip surface to determine the affinity of differ... |
12011978 | Progesterone and estradiol enhance lipid mediated transfection of Sk-Br-3 mammalian cancer cells. | Cyclodextrin encapsulated beta-estradiol and progesterone were used for enhancement of gene delivery using the breast cancer cell line Sk-Br-3. A non-toxic concentration of cyclodextrin encapsulated sex steroids (50 microM) added to lipid or liposomal transfection led to a 12-fold increase of reporter gene expression (... |
12010981 | Identification by mass spectrometry of CD8(+)-T-cell Mycobacterium tuberculosis epitopes within the Rv0341 gene product. | Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteins that can provide immunological protection against tuberculosis is essential for the development of a more effective vaccine. To identify new vaccine targets, we have used immunoaffinity chromatography to isolate class I HLA-A*0201-peptide complexes from M. tuberculo... |
12010974 | Identification of novel adhesins from Group B streptococci by use of phage display reveals that C5a peptidase mediates fibronectin binding. | Group B streptococci (GBS) are a major cause of pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis in newborns and infants. GBS initiate infection of the lung by colonizing mucosal surfaces of the respiratory tract; adherence of the bacteria to host cells is presumed to be the initial step in and prerequisite for successful colonizatio... |
12007774 | Development and validation of a plasma assay for acyclovir using high-performance capillary electrophoresis with sample stacking. | A sensitive plasma assay for acyclovir has been developed and validated. Acyclovir was separated from plasma components using Oasis HLB columns. Separation was obtained with no plasma interference using micellar electrokinetic chromatography (175 mM SDS) and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (100 mM) in 90 mM borate buff... |
12008040 | Does mosaicism of the plasma membrane at molecular and higher hierarchical levels in human lymphocytes carry information on the immediate history of cells? | A theoretical analysis of experimental data is presented in this mini-review on non-random homo- and hetero-associations of cell surface receptors, which can be recruited in the plasma membrane or at the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum during the protein synthesis. In the latter case, the likely genetic orig... |
12003932 | Characterization of the HspR-mediated stress response in Helicobacter pylori. | The major heat shock genes of Helicobacter pylori are regulated by the HspR repressor. In the present study we characterize the transcriptional response of the three known HspR-dependent promoters P(cbp), P(gro), and P(hrc) to different environmental stresses. A temperature shift from 37 to 42 degrees C causes a typica... |
12003931 | Identification and physical characterization of the HbpR binding sites of the hbpC and hbpD promoters. | Pseudomonas azelaica HBP1 can use 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP) and 2,2'-dihydroxybiphenyl as sole carbon and energy sources by means of the hbp regulon. This regulon is composed of three genes, hbpCA and hbpD, coding for enzymes of a meta-cleavage pathway and the hbpR gene, which codes for a XylR/DmpR-type transcription r... |
12003827 | Targeted deletion of adenosine A(3) receptors augments adenosine-induced coronary flow in isolated mouse heart. | To determine whether adenosine A(3) receptors participate in adenosine-induced changes in coronary flow, isolated hearts from wild-type (WT) and A(3) receptor knockout (A(3)KO) mice were perfused under constant pressure and effects of nonselective and selective agonists were examined. Adenosine and the selective A(2A) ... |
11992006 | Evolution of bacteriophage in continuous culture: a model system to test antiviral gene therapies for the emergence of phage escape mutants. | The emergence of viral escape mutants is usually a highly undesirable phenomenon. This phenomenon is frequently observed in antiviral drug applications for the treatment of viral infections and can undermine long-term therapeutic success. Here, we propose a strategy for evaluating a given antiviral approach in terms of... |
11991974 | Substitution in the murine nectin1 receptor of a single conserved amino acid at a position distal from the herpes simplex virus gD binding site confers high-affinity binding to gD. | By analogy with its human nectin1 counterpart, murine nectin1 serves as a cellular receptor for the entry of herpes simplex virus (HSV) into murine cells. HSV entry mediated by either receptor is dependent on the viral glycoprotein D (gD). Whereas human nectin1 binds gD at high affinity and in a saturable manner, murin... |
11959481 | Plant tissue-based chemiluminescence flow biosensor for determination of unbound dopamine in rabbit blood with on-line microdialysis sampling. | A novel plant tissue-based chemiluminescence (CL) biosensor for dopamine combined with flow injection analysis is presented in this paper. The potato roots act as molecular recognition elements. Dopamine is oxidized by oxygen under the catalysis of polyphenol oxidase in the tissue column to produce hydrogen peroxide, w... |
11959467 | Gas phase activity of anti-FITC antibodies immobilized on a surface acoustic wave resonator device. | In this paper we present the results of a series of experiments on the activity of antibodies in a vapor phase sensor. For these experiments the sensor component was a ST-Quartz resonator with a center frequency of approximately 250 MHz. Anti-FITC antibodies were attached to the electrodes on the device surface via a p... |
11948510 | Morphologic and functional evaluation of peripheral nerve fibers regenerated through polyimide sieve electrodes over long-term implantation. | We evaluated by morphologic and functional analysis the regeneration of peripheral nerve fibers through polyimide regenerative-type electrodes over long-term implantation. Polyimide sieve electrodes were placed in silicone chambers and implanted between the severed ends of the sciatic nerve in rats. The sieve part had ... |
11937353 | Efficient synthesis of 'redox-switched' naphthoquinone thiol-crown ethers and their biological activity evaluation. | Series of naphthoquinone thiol-crown ethers had been prepared. The antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic activities of these synthetic naphthoquinone thiol-crown ethers were investigated. All of the compounds tested displayed antibacterial, cytotoxic and antifungal activities. The bis-naphthoquinone thiol-crown ethe... |
11937340 | 2-O-substituted cyclodextrins as reversal agents for the neuromuscular blocker rocuronium bromide. | A series of secondary face modified cyclodextrins (CDs) were synthesised with the aim of constructing host molecules capable of forming host-guest complexes with neuromuscular blockers, especially with rocuronium bromide. Perfacial 2-O-substitution of gamma-CD with 4-carboxybenzyl resulted in a CD host molecule 1 that ... |
11937335 | Molecular recognition by Kluyveromyces of amphotericin B-loaded, galactose-tagged, poly (lactic acid) microspheres. | In an effort to develop a new way of drug delivery, especially for polyenic antifungal molecules, we have incorporated amphotericin B (AmB) into biodegradable galactosylated poly (L-lactic acid) (L-PLA) and poly (L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres. These drug carriers were prepared by solvent evaporation us... |
12050418 | Hydrogen-bonded supramolecular lattice of the 1:3:4 complex between [5,10,15,20-meso-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrinato-kappa(4)N]zinc(II), dibenzo-24-crown-8 and methanol. | The title compound, [5,10,15,20-meso-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrinato-kappa(4)N]zinc(II) tris(dibenzo-24-crown-8) methanol tetrasolvate, [Zn(C(44)H(28)N(4)O(4))].3C(24)H(32)O(8).4CH(4)O, was synthesized and its molecular structure precisely characterized by low-temperature single-crystal analysis. All the componen... |
12039961 | Unusual mode of binding of human group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 to anionic interfaces as studied by continuous wave and time domain electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. | Human group IIA phospholipase A(2) (hGIIA) is secreted from a number of cells during inflammation and is known to interact strongly with anionic membranes and to exhibit potent Gram-positive bactericidal activity. This protein contains 23 cationic residues, which are scattered over its entire surface, resulting in a hi... |
12039946 | Caveolin-associated filamentous actin (Cav-actin) defines a novel F-actin structure in adipocytes. | Dynamic actin remodeling has been implicated in the translocation of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) to the plasma membrane in adipocytes. Here we show that fully differentiated 3T3L1 adipocytes have unique cortical filamentous actin structure, designated Cav-actin (caveolae-associated F-actin). Du... |
12052259 | The role of the Zn(II) binding domain in the mechanism of E. coli DNA topoisomerase I. | <h4>Background</h4>Escherichia coli DNA topoisomerase I binds three Zn(II) with three tetracysteine motifs which, together with the 14 kDa C-terminal region, form a 30 kDa DNA binding domain (ZD domain). The 67 kDa N-terminal domain (Top67) has the active site tyrosine for DNA cleavage but cannot relax negatively super... |
12037343 | Chiral versus racemic building blocks in supramolecular chemistry: malate salts of organic diamines. | (S)-Malic acid forms a salt with N,N'-dimethylpiperazine, [MeN(CH(2)CH(2))(2)NMe]H(2)(2+) x 2C(4)H(5)O(5)(-) (1) (triclinic, P1, Z' = 1), in which the cations link pairs of hydrogen-bonded anion chains to form a molecular ladder. With 4,4'-bipyridyl, (S)-malic acid forms a 1:1 adduct which crystallizes from methanol to... |
12037339 | Novel, predicted patterns of supramolecular self-assembly, afforded by tetrameric R44(12) rings of C2 symmetry in the crystal structures of 2-hydroxy-1-cyclopentanecarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid and 2-hydroxy-1-cycloheptanecarboxylic acid. | Determination of the crystal structures of the homologous (1R*,2R*)-trans-2-hydroxy-1-cyclopentanecarboxylic acid (5T), (1R*,2S*)-cis-2-hydroxy-1-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (6C) and (1R*,2S*)-cis-2-hydroxy-1-cycloheptanecarboxylic acid (7C) proved a predicted pattern of supramolecular close packing. The prediction was ... |
12037362 | Applications of the Cambridge Structural Database in organic chemistry and crystal chemistry. | The Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) and its associated software systems have formed the basis for more than 800 research applications in structural chemistry, crystallography and the life sciences. Relevant references, dating from the mid-1970s, and brief synopses of these papers are collected in a database, DBUse,... |
12034887 | All-trans-retinal shuts down rod cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels: a novel role for photoreceptor retinoids in the response to bright light? | In retinal rods, light-induced isomerization of 11-cis-retinal to all-trans-retinal within rhodopsin triggers an enzyme cascade that lowers the concentration of cGMP. Consequently, cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) ion channels close, generating the first electrical response to light. After isomerization, all-trans-retinal... |
12034773 | The Rho-associated protein kinase p160ROCK is required for centrosome positioning. | The p160-Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (ROCK) is identified as a new centrosomal component. Using immunofluorescence with a variety of p160ROCK antibodies, immuno EM, and depletion with RNA interference, p160ROCK is principally bound to the mother centriole (MC) and an intercentriolar linker. Inh... |
12032156 | Kinetic regulation of the mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase by the external NADH dehydrogenase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. | In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the two most important systems for conveying excess cytosolic NADH to the mitochondrial respiratory chain are external NADH dehydrogenase (Nde1p/Nde2p) and the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase shuttle. In the latter system, NADH is oxidized to NAD+ and dihydroxyacetone phosphate... |
12034753 | A Toc75-like protein import channel is abundant in chloroplasts. | Chloroplasts import post-translationally most of their constituent polypeptides via two distinct translocon units located in the outer and inner envelope. The protein import channel of the translocon of the outer envelope of chloroplasts, Toc75, is the most abundant protein in that membrane. We identify a novel Toc75 h... |
12023276 | In vitro assembly of Alzheimer-like filaments. How a small cluster of charged residues in Tau and MAP2 controls filament morphology. | Although the microtubule-binding regions (MTBRs) of both Tau and MAP2 can undergo self-assembly into straight filaments (SFs) in vitro, only the Tau MTBR forms paired helical filaments (PHFs). Moreover, Tau appears to be the exclusive building block of the neuropathic filaments observed in Alzheimer's disease and certa... |
12050437 | 1,3-Bridged p-methyloctahomotetraoxacalix[4]arene-bis-crown-3. | The title compound, 13,21,35,43-tetramethyl-3,6,9,17,25,28,31,39,46,49-decaoxaheptacyclo[21.21.3.3(11,33).0(2,41).0(10,15).0(19,24).0(32,37)]pentaconta-1,10,12,14,19,21,23,32,34,36,41,43-dodecaene, C(44)H(52)O(10), differs from previously reported 1,3-bridged calix[4]arene[bond]bis-crown compounds in having an enlarged... |
12021258 | Activated K-Ras and H-Ras display different interactions with saturable nonraft sites at the surface of live cells. | Ras-membrane interactions play important roles in signaling and oncogenesis. H-Ras and K-Ras have nonidentical membrane anchoring moieties that can direct them to different membrane compartments. Ras-lipid raft interactions were reported, but recent studies suggest that activated K-Ras and H-Ras are not raft resident. ... |
12019270 | BLOC-1, a novel complex containing the pallidin and muted proteins involved in the biogenesis of melanosomes and platelet-dense granules. | Recent studies have led to the identification of a group of genes required for normal biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles such as melanosomes and platelet-dense granules. Two of these genes, which are defective in the pallid and muted mutant mouse strains, encode small, coiled-coil-forming proteins that display n... |
12011038 | A close association of the ganglioside-specific sialidase Neu3 with caveolin in membrane microdomains. | The ganglioside-specific sialidase Neu3 has been suggested to play essential roles in regulation of cell surface functions because of its major localization in the plasma membrane and strict substrate preference for gangliosides involved in signal transduction. Here we show that human Neu3 sialidase is enriched in cave... |
12110131 | The instructive role of dendritic cells on T-cell responses. | Immune responses are initiated in the T-cell areas of secondary lymphoid organs where naïve T lymphocytes encounter dendritic cells (DCs) that present antigens taken up in peripheral tissues. DCs represent the interface between the universe of foreign and tissue-specific antigens and T lymphocytes, and they are the key... |
12110130 | The immunological synapse. | T-cell activation requires interaction of T-cell antigen receptors with proteins of the major histocompatibility complex (antigen). This interaction takes place in a specialized cell-cell junction referred to as an immunological synapse. The immunological synapse contains at least two functional domains: a central clus... |
12110124 | Tissue engineering: chondrocytes and cartilage. | Tissue engineering offers new strategies for developing treatments for the repair and regeneration of damaged and diseased tissues. These treatments, using living cells, will exploit new developments in understanding the principles in cell biology that control and direct cell function. Arthritic diseases that affect so... |
12004074 | Storage of methane and freon by interstitial van der Waals confinement. | A known host-guest assembly, organized only by means of relatively weak dispersive forces, exhibits hitherto unappreciated thermal stability. The hexagonal close-packed arrangement of calix[4]arene contains lattice voids that can occlude small, highly volatile molecules. This host-guest system can be exploited to retai... |
11997439 | Mapping the lethal factor and edema factor binding sites on oligomeric anthrax protective antigen. | Assembly of anthrax toxin complexes at the mammalian cell surface involves competitive binding of the edema factor (EF) and lethal factor (LF) to heptameric oligomers and lower order intermediates of PA(63), the activated carboxyl-terminal 63-kDa fragment of protective antigen (PA). We used sequence differences between... |
12016585 | Connection between elastin haploinsufficiency and increased cell proliferation in patients with supravalvular aortic stenosis and Williams-Beuren syndrome. | To elucidate the pathomechanism leading to obstructive vascular disease in patients with elastin deficiency, we compared both elastogenesis and proliferation rate of cultured aortic smooth-muscle cells (SMCs) and skin fibroblasts from five healthy control subjects, four patients with isolated supravalvular aortic steno... |
11994316 | The NH2-terminal peptide of alpha-smooth muscle actin inhibits force generation by the myofibroblast in vitro and in vivo. | Myofibroblasts are specialized fibroblasts responsible for granulation tissue contraction and the soft tissue retractions occurring during fibrocontractive diseases. The marker of fibroblast-myofibroblast modulation is the neo expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), the actin isoform typical of vascular sm... |
28547705 | Faecal particle size distribution in captive wild ruminants: an approach to the browser/grazer dichotomy from the other end. | We investigated the particle size distribution in 245 faecal samples of 81 species of captive ruminants by a wet-sieving procedure. As a comparative measure, the modulus of fineness (MOF; Poppi et al. 1980) was used. Species were classified as frugivores (n=5), browsers (BR, n=16), intermediate feeders (IM, n=35) and g... |
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