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11917114 | Virus-assisted loading of polymer nanocontainer. | We present a DNA-containing polymeric nanocontainer using the self-assembled superstructure of amphiphilic block copolymers in aqueous solutions. To demonstrate that DNA translocation is possible across a completely synthetic block copolymer membrane, we have used a phage transfection strategy as a DNA-transfer model s... |
11917113 | Discrete and polymeric self-assembled dendrimers: hydrogen bond-mediated assembly with high stability and high fidelity. | Hydrogen bond-mediated self-assembly is a powerful strategy for creating nanoscale structures. However, little is known about the fidelity of assembly processes that must occur when similar and potentially competing hydrogen-bonding motifs are present. Furthermore, there is a continuing need for new modules and strateg... |
11917112 | Anion recognition as a method for templating pseudorotaxane formation. | Two thread-shaped cations, pyridinium nicotinamide and imidazolium, as their chloride and hexafluorophosphate salts, were studied with regards to complexation with hydrogen-bond-donating acyclic and macrocyclic ligands. In the latter case, the cations form pseudorotaxanes templated by the chloride anion but not hexaflu... |
11917107 | Stimulation of bone formation and prevention of bone loss by prostaglandin E EP4 receptor activation. | Bone remodeling, comprising resorption of existing bone and de novo bone formation, is required for the maintenance of a constant bone mass. Prostaglandin (PG)E2 promotes both bone resorption and bone formation. By infusing PGE2 to mice lacking each of four PGE receptor (EP) subtypes, we have identified EP4 as the rece... |
11910167 | Amino-substituted O(6)-benzyl-5-nitrosopyrimidines: interplay of molecular, molecular-electronic and supramolecular structures. | The structures of eight 2,4,6-trisubstituted-5-nitrosopyrimidines (one of which crystallizes in two polymorphs) have been determined, including seven O(6)-benzyl derivatives which are potential, or proven, in vitro inhibitors of the human DNA-repair protein O(6)-alkylguanine-DNA-transferase. In the derivatives having a... |
11910165 | Chiral versus racemic building blocks in supramolecular chemistry: tartrate salts of organic diamines. | In the 1:1 adducts C(12)H(10)N(2).C(4)H(6)O(6) formed between 1,2-bis(4'-pyridyl)ethene and racemic tartaric acid [(I), triclinic P1;, Z' = 1] and (2R,3R)-tartaric acid [(II), triclinic P1, Z' = 2], the ionic components are linked by hard hydrogen bonds into single sheets, which are further linked by C-H.O hydrogen bon... |
11910162 | Inclusion compounds of a diol host with xylidines: controlled stoichiometries. | The diol host, 1,1'-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane (DHPC) and a number of xylidine isomers as guests formed a series of inclusion compounds that gave rise to various host:guest ratios controlled by crystallization temperatures. For the host DHPC with a particular xylidine isomer, the number of guests included general... |
11912210 | Molecular determinants of human melanocortin-4 receptor responsible for antagonist SHU9119 selective activity. | The hypothalamic melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), a seven transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor, plays an important role in the regulation of body weight. The synthetic melanocortin analog SHU9119 has been widely used to characterize the physiological role of MC4R in feeding behavior and energy homeostasis. Previous ... |
12709513 | Structural studies of biomaterials using double-quantum solid-state NMR spectroscopy. | Proteins directly control the nucleation and growth of biominerals, but the details of molecular recognition at the protein-biomineral interface remain poorly understood. The elucidation of recognition mechanisms at this interface may provide design principles for advanced materials development in medical and ceramic c... |
11914125 | The new anti-actin agent dihydrohalichondramide reveals fenestrae-forming centers in hepatic endothelial cells. | <h4>Background</h4>Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) react to different anti-actin agents by increasing their number of fenestrae. A new structure related to fenestrae formation could be observed when LSECs were treated with misakinolide. In this study, we investigated the effects of two new actin-binding agen... |
11909867 | Sphingomyelin modulates the transbilayer distribution of galactosylceramide in phospholipid membranes. | The interrelationships among sphingolipid structure, membrane curvature, and glycosphingolipid transmembrane distribution remain poorly defined despite the emerging importance of sphingolipids in curved regions and vesicle buds of biomembranes. Here, we describe a novel approach to investigate the transmembrane distrib... |
11909856 | Loss of plasma membrane phospholipid asymmetry requires raft integrity. Role of transient receptor potential channels and ERK pathway. | Cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains, also termed lipid rafts, are implicated in the recruitment of essential proteins for intracellular signal transduction. In nonstimulated cells, phosphatidylserine, an anionic aminophospholipid essential for the hemostatic response, is mostly sequestered in the inner leaflet of th... |
11932551 | The supramolecular structure of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid. | The structure of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, C(7)H(5)NO(4), has been determined at 0.71 A resolution. The molecule is located on a site with mirror symmetry. A one-dimensional supramolecular structure is stabilized in the solid state through a strong symmetric double hydrogen bond, with H* * *O distances of 1.86 (3... |
11932549 | Two triethylammonium ion complexes of monoanionic calix[4]arene. | Two complexes between mono-deprotonated calix[4]arene and Et(3)HN+ are reported. The first, triethylammonium 26,27,28-trihydroxypentacyclo[19.3.1.1(3,7).1(9,13).1(15,19)]octacosa-1(25),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaen-25-olate, C(6)H(16)N+ x C(28)H(23)O(4)-, comprises only the cationic and anionic spec... |
11901147 | Structural analysis of the extracellular domain of vaccinia virus envelope protein, A27L, by NMR and CD spectroscopy. | This study presents the molecular structure of the extracellular domain of vaccinia virus envelope protein, A27L, determined by NMR and CD spectroscopy. A recombinant protein, eA27L-aa, containing this domain in which cysteines 71 and 72 were replaced with alanine, was constructed to prevent self-assembly due to interm... |
11901169 | A novel polymer of tubulin forms the conoid of Toxoplasma gondii. | Toxoplasma gondii is an obligatory intracellular parasite, an important human pathogen, and a convenient laboratory model for many other human and veterinary pathogens in the phylum Apicomplexa, such as Plasmodium, Eimeria, and Cryptosporidia. 22 subpellicular microtubules form a scaffold that defines the cell shape of... |
11897783 | Recovery of visual functions in a mouse model of Leber congenital amaurosis. | The visual process is initiated by the photoisomerization of 11-cis-retinal to all-trans-retinal. For sustained vision the 11-cis-chromophore must be regenerated from all-trans-retinal. This requires RPE65, a dominant retinal pigment epithelium protein. Disruption of the RPE65 gene results in massive accumulation of al... |
12373444 | Platelet-activating factor antagonists decrease the inflammatory nociceptive response in rats. | <h4>Rationale</h4>Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a membrane-derived phospholipid mediator that has biological effects on a variety of cells and tissues. A variety of stimuli, including those producing inflammation, promote the synthesis and release of PAF from various cell types. Evidence suggests that PAF exerts ... |
11983061 | Organellar proteomics: the prizes and pitfalls of opening the nuclear envelope. | Proteomic studies have the potential to comprehensively define the composition of organelles but are limited by the organellar cross-contamination that arises during subcellular fractionation. Comparative proteomics of organellar subfractions can mitigate these problems, as demonstrated by a recent study involving the ... |
11891221 | Identification by site-directed mutagenesis of residues involved in ligand recognition and activation of the human A3 adenosine receptor. | Ligand recognition has been extensively explored in G protein-coupled A(1), A(2A), and A(2B) adenosine receptors but not in the A(3) receptor, which is cerebroprotective and cardioprotective. We mutated several residues of the human A(3) adenosine receptor within transmembrane domains 3 and 6 and the second extracellul... |
11891281 | Entropically driven self-assembly of multichannel rosette nanotubes. | Rosette nanotubes are a new class of organic nanotubes obtained through the hierarchical self-assembly of low molecular weight synthetic modules in water. Here we demonstrate that these materials can serve as scaffolds for the supramolecular synthesis of multichannel nanotubular architectures and report on the discover... |
11891314 | Chemical synthesis gets a fillip from molecular recognition and self-assembly processes. | By drawing on nature conceptually, the practice of chemical synthesis can now be broadened in scope to include the supramolecular synthesis of supermolecules and their postassembly covalent modification to form mechanically interlocked molecules, which the chemist can use to build functioning nanosystems after the styl... |
11891306 | Supramolecular chemistry of dendrimers with functional cores. | Dendritic microenvironments are analogous to local environments created within protein superstructures. Correspondingly, properties of functional cores such as molecular recognition and catalytic activity are profoundly influenced by the surrounding dendritic branches. |
11891279 | Controlled disassembling of self-assembling systems: toward artificial molecular-level devices and machines. | Investigations on self-assembling/induced-disassembling systems have led to the design of molecular-level devices capable of performing a variety of functions. Some of the work carried out in this field is illustrated. |
11891277 | Transmembrane pores formed by synthetic p-octiphenyl beta-barrels with internal carboxylate clusters: regulation of ion transport by pH and Mg(2+)- complexed 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonate. | Design, synthesis, and study of a synthetic barrel-stave supramolecule with p-octiphenyl "staves," beta-sheet "hoops," and hydrophobic exterior as well as internal carboxylate clusters are reported. Ion transport experiments indicate the formation of transmembrane pores at 5 < pH < 7 with nanomolar activity. Blockage o... |
11891273 | The use of dimetal building blocks in convergent syntheses of large arrays. | Within the broad field called "supramolecular chemistry," there is a sector that is based on the use of metal atoms or ions as key elements in promoting the assembly and dictating the main structural features of the supramolecular products. Considerable success has been achieved by using MM bonded dimetal entities in t... |
11932527 | Tetra-mu-acetato-kappa2O:O'-bis[(4-phenylpyridine-kappaN)copper(II)]. | The title compound, [Cu(2)(C(2)H(3)O(2))(4)(C(11)H(9)N)(2)] or [Cu(2)(MeCO(2))(4)(phpy)(2)] (phpy is 4-phenylpyridine), consists of centrosymmetric dimers in which the CuII atoms display a square-pyramidal CuO(4)N coordination, with four acetate O atoms in the basal plane [Cu-O 1.975 (3)-1.987 (3) A] and the phpy N ato... |
11932509 | Comment on mu(1,3)-azido-diazidotetrakis(1,10-phenanthroline)dicopper(II) azide tetrahydrate. | The supramolecular structure of the title dimeric azido complex of copper(II), [Cu(2)(mu(1,3)-N(3))(N(3))(2)(phen)(4)](N(3)) x 4H(2)O (phen is 1,10-phenanthroline, C(12)H(8)N(2)) [Cheng, Hu, Wang & Ye (2002). Acta Cryst. C58, m12-m13], which was originally described in terms of hydrogen-bonded chains, has been re-inter... |
11891312 | Target-induced formation of neuraminidase inhibitors from in vitro virtual combinatorial libraries. | Neuraminidase, a key enzyme responsible for influenza virus propagation, has been used as a template for selective synthesis of small subsets of its own inhibitors from theoretically highly diverse dynamic combinatorial libraries. We show that the library building blocks, aldehydes and amines, form significant amounts ... |
11891291 | Abnormal accumulation of hyaluronan matrix diminishes contact inhibition of cell growth and promotes cell migration. | Elevated hyaluronan biosynthesis and matrix deposition correlates with cell proliferation and migration. We ectopically expressed three isoforms of hyaluronan synthase (HAS1, HAS2, or HAS3) in nontransformed rat 3Y1 cells and observed a de novo, massive formation of a hyaluronan matrix that resulted in a partial loss o... |
11889130 | Manipulation of cholesterol levels in rod disk membranes by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin: effects on receptor activation. | The effect of cholesterol on rod outer segment disk membrane structure and rhodopsin activation was investigated. Disk membranes with varying cholesterol concentrations were prepared using methyl-beta-cyclodextrin as a cholesterol donor or acceptor. Cholesterol exchange followed a simple equilibrium partitioning model ... |
11880609 | Emulating biology: building nanostructures from the bottom up. | The biological approach to nanotechnology has produced self-assembled objects, arrays and devices; likewise, it has achieved the recognition of inorganic systems and the control of their growth. Can these approaches now be integrated to produce useful systems? |
11880598 | Designing supramolecular porphyrin arrays that self-organize into nanoscale optical and magnetic materials. | Tessellation of nine free-base porphyrins into a 3 x 3 array is accomplished by the self-assembly of 21 molecular entities of four different kinds, one central, four corner, and four side porphyrins with 12 trans Pd(II) complexes, by specifically designed and targeted intermolecular interactions. Strikingly, the self-a... |
11880604 | Molecules within molecules: recognition through self-assembly. | Synthetic molecular receptors that completely surround their target molecules can be created through the use of noncovalent interactions. These molecular capsules selectively sequester guest molecules from the influence of bulk solvent and other molecules on the basis of size, shape, and chemical complementarity. This ... |
11880603 | Supramolecular organic photochemistry: control of covalent bond formation through noncovalent supramolecular interactions and magnetic effects. | Supramolecular organic photochemistry, a field concerned with the interaction of light with supramolecular assemblies of organic molecules, has been inspired by the remarkable structural and dynamic features of guest@host chemistry, particularly as exemplified by enzymes. Exemplars of supramolecular organic photochemis... |
11880601 | Infinite pleated beta -sheet formed by the beta-hairpin Boc-beta-Phe-beta-Phe-D-Pro-Gly-beta-Phe-beta-Phe-OMe. | A beta-hairpin conformation and extended beta-pleated sheet assembly have been characterized by single crystal x-ray diffraction for the synthetic peptide t-butoxycarbonyl--beta-Phe-beta-Phe-D-Pro-Gly-beta-Phe-beta-Phe-methyl ester [beta-Phe: (S)-beta(3) homophenylalanine]. The centrally located D-Pro-Gly segment nucle... |
11880599 | Self-assembly of nanoscopic coordination cages of D(3h) symmetry. | A family of nanoscale-sized supramolecular cage compounds with a trigonal prismatic framework was prepared by means of spontaneous self-assembly from the combination of a predesigned molecular "clip" with tritopic pyridyl subunits. As confirmed by x-ray crystallography, the smallest structure of the reported series is ... |
11877453 | NEMO trimerizes through its coiled-coil C-terminal domain. | NEMO/IkappaB kinase (IKK) gamma is the regulatory component of the IKK complex comprising the two protein kinases, IKKalpha and IKKbeta. To investigate the self-assembly properties of NEMO and to understand further the mechanism of activation of the IKK complex, we purified wild-type and mutant NEMO expressed in Escher... |
11877461 | Identification of an adaptor-associated kinase, AAK1, as a regulator of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. | The mu 2 subunit of the AP2 complex is known to be phosphorylated in vitro by a copurifying kinase, and it has been demonstrated recently that mu 2 phosphorylation is required for transferrin endocytosis (Olusanya, O., P.D. Andrews, J.R. Swedlow, and E. Smythe. 2001. Curr. Biol. 11:896-900). However, the identity of th... |
23606102 | Towards analysis of mykotoxins in beverages with molecularly imprinted polymers for deoxynivalenol and zearalenone. | Due to ease of use and generally cost effective production molecularly imprinted polymers offer the possibility generating highly selective separation and enrichment materials. Therefore, they are considered a serious competitor to conventional biological agents such as antibodies, proteins and cells for affinity separ... |
16290475 | Fabrication of a covalently attached self-assembly multilayer film based on CdTe nanoparticles. | A precursor film has been fabricated from TGA (thiolglycolic acid)-stabilized CdTe nanoparticles and NDR (nitro-containing diazoresin) using electrostatic interactions and the standard layer-by-layer assembly method; covalent bonds are formed under ultraviolet irradiation. XPS provided evidence for the presence of CdTe... |
12831209 | Chiral separation of basic drugs by capillary electrophoresis with carboxymethylcyclodextrins. | Capillary electrophoresis (CE) with carboxymethylated beta- or gamma-cyclodextrins was used to achieve the rapid enantiomeric separation of a set of basic drugs. The enantiomers of 12 chiral amino-containing pharmaceutical compounds belonging to various therapeutic categories were analyzed by CE using an uncoated 60 cm... |
12831208 | Prediction of selectivity for enantiomeric separations of uncharged compounds by capillary electrophoresis involving dual cyclodextrin systems. | The single-isomer polyanionic cyclodextrin (CD) derivative heptakis-6-sulfato-beta-cyclodextrin (HSbetaCD) has been tested as chiral additive for the enantioseparation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as fenoprofen, flurbiprofen, ibuprofen and ketoprofen, in capillary electrophoresis, using a pH 2.5 phosp... |
12831207 | Separation of cis- and trans-isomers of thioxanthene and dibenz[b,e]oxepin derivatives on calixarene- and resorcinarene-bonded high-performance liquid chromatography stationary phases. | The chromatographic behavior of six calix[n]arene phases (n=4, 6, 8) and one calix[4]resorcinarene phase is described for the separation of cis- and trans-isomers of three thioxanthene (flupentixol, clopenthixol, chlorprothixene) and one benz[b,e]oxepin derivative (doxepin). The influences of two different organic modi... |
12831200 | Effects of substituted cyclodextrins on the separation of aromatic sulphonic acids by capillary zone electrophoresis. | Effects of the addition of various additives in the working electrolyte on the selectivity of capillary electrophoretic separation of naphthalenesulphonic acids used as intermediates in the production of synthetic dyes were investigated. Cyclodextrins form inclusion complexes with various compounds and are not only exc... |
12831185 | Uniformly sized molecularly imprinted polymer for d-chlorpheniramine. Evaluation of retention and molecular recognition properties in an aqueous mobile phase. | A uniformly sized molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for d-chlorpheniramine has been prepared by a multi-step swelling and polymerization method using methacrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a functional monomer and cross-linker, respectively. The retentive and enantioselective properties of chlorphenir... |
12579765 | [Pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of probucol inclusion complex capsule in healthy dogs]. | <h4>Aim</h4>To study the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of probucol inclusion complex capsule.<h4>Methods</h4>Following oral administration of a single dose of 250 mg of conventional tablet (formulation A, purchased from the market) and probucol inclusion complex capsule (formulation B, a new formulation... |
12491278 | Dynamic covalent chemistry. | Dynamic covalent chemistry relates to chemical reactions carried out reversibly under conditions of equilibrium control. The reversible nature of the reactions introduces the prospects of "error checking" and "proof-reading" into synthetic processes where dynamic covalent chemistry operates. Since the formation of prod... |
12491318 | From self-organizing polymers to nanohybrid and biomaterials. | Block copolymers form a large number of superlattices with characteristic dimensions in the range of a few nanometers up to several micrometers by self-organization. The interplay of supramolecular physics and chemistry opens up new approaches to the production of inorganic, organic, and biological structures and to th... |
12190025 | [Comparative estimation of biocides and crown-ethers effect on micromycete-destructors cultures]. | Influence of catamine AB, catapine, macrocyclic polyethers (crown-ethers [15]C-5, B[15]C-5, [18]C-6, B[18]C-6, DCH[18]C-6, DA[18]C-6) and mixtures of catapine with crown-ethers on fungal test-cultures of Aspergillus sydowii (Bain. et Sart.) Thom et Church, Cladosporium cladosporioides (Fr.) de Vries and Penicillium tar... |
12142544 | Cholesterol depletion blocks redistribution of lipid raft components and insulin-mimetic signaling by glimepiride and phosphoinositolglycans in rat adipocytes. | <h4>Unlabelled</h4>Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored plasma membrane (GPI) proteins, such as Gce1, the dually acylated nonreceptor tyrosine kinases (NRTKs), such as pp59(Lyn), and the membrane protein, caveolin, together with cholesterol are typical components of detergent/carbonate-insoluble glycolipid-enriched ra... |
12120566 | Ion pair recognition by Zn-porphyrin/crown ether conjugates: visible sensing of sodium cyanide. | Synthesis and complexation behavior of ditopic neutral receptors composed of both a Lewis-acidic binding site (zinc porphyrin moiety) and a Lewis-basic binding site (crown ether moiety) are reported; the receptors bound only NaCN in a ditopic fashion with a color change, and in contrast other sodium salts bound to the ... |
12120558 | The synthesis of [2], [3] and [4]rotaxanes and semirotaxanes. | The cucurbituril-catalysed synthesis of [2], [3] and [4]semirotaxanes allows access to regioselectively pure, 1,3-disubstituted mono-, bis- and tris-triazoles in high yield after dethreading. |
12120548 | The first gas chromatographic resolution of carnitine enantiomers. | The enantiomers of carnitine are converted on-line in the injection port of a gas chromatograph into beta-hydroxy-gamma-butyrolactones and are separated on a derivatized beta-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase. |
12120545 | A new class of macrocyclic complexes formed via nickel-promoted macrocyclisation of dioxime with dinitrile. | o-Phthalonitrile couples with chelating dioxime on nickel(II), with formation of a dinuclear nickel(II) macrocyclic complex--the first representative of a new class of imine-appended macrocycles. |
12120527 | A new supramolecular assembly obtained from the combination of silver(I) cations with a thiophosphorylated cavitand. | The new tetra-thiophosphonatocavitand 1 in its iiii configuration extracts quantitatively Ag+ ions from aqueous solutions; the tetranuclear complex [1(2).Ag4Pic4] was selectively formed and characterized in the solid state by X-ray diffraction which revealed the formation of a new dimeric assembly through Ag+ coordinat... |
12120526 | Erythrocyte-like liposomes prepared by means of amphiphilic cyclodextrin sulfates. | A novel class of sulfated glycolipids with excellent self-assembling capacity to form stable monolayers at an air-water interface and specific erythrocyte-like liposomes was synthesised from alpha, beta, and gamma-cyclodextrins as starting materials. |
12120519 | A model recognition switch. Electrochemical control and transduction of imidazole binding by electrode-immobilized microperoxidase-11. | Electrode-immobilized microperoxidase-11 exhibited a titratable potentiometric response to imidazole, demonstrating both molecular recognition and the capability for "switchable" changes in the affinity of an immobilized redox-receptor for a target ligand. |
12120515 | Formation of a molecular spin ladder induced by a supramolecular cation structure. | A novel molecular spin ladder structure of a nickel dithiolate complex has been constructed using a supramolecular cation composed of anilinium and 18-crown-6. |
12120513 | The role of template in the synthesis of meso-hexamethyl-meso-hexaphenyl-calix[6]pyrrole: trihalogenated compounds as templates for the assembly of a host with a trigonal cavity. | Trihalogenated compounds act as effective and selective templates in the template-assisted synthesis of meso-hexaphenyl-calix[6]pyrrole. |
12120512 | Metal-induced regulation of fullerene complexation with double-calix[5]arene. | The metal-induced regulation of fullerene complexation with double-calix[5]arene is described. The receptor shows strong binding to C70 only in the presence of Cu+. |
12120156 | Formation and crystal structure of an unexpected inclusion complex of a metal-free phthalocyanine and oxalic acid. | Treatment of 3-(2,4-dimethyl-3-pentyloxy)phthalonitrile (2) with CeCl3 in the presence of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) in n-pentanol gives the corresponding metal-free phthalocyanine 3, which unexpectedly traps the oxalic acid in the crystal lattice forming a 1:1 inclusion complex. |
12109205 | Rigidization, preorientation and electronic decoupling--the 'magic triangle' for the design of highly efficient fluorescent sensors and switches. | One of the key interests in the recent development of fluorescent molecular sensors and switches is the realization of systems that show strong signal changes as a response to the chemical trigger. Aiming at rational probe design, this article compiles and compares different promising strategies to extract those supram... |
12109209 | Mechanically interlocked molecules incorporating cucurbituril and their supramolecular assemblies. | Mechanically interlocked molecules incorporating cucurbituril (CB[6]) as a molecular 'bead' and their supramolecular assemblies are described. An efficient synthesis of 1D, 2D and 3D polyrotaxanes with high structural regularity and molecular necklaces has been achieved by a combination of self-assembly and coordinatio... |
12109207 | Catalysis inside dendrimers. | Catalytic sites can be placed at the core, at interior positions or at the periphery of a dendrimer. There are many examples of the use of peripherally functionalized dendrimers in catalysis and this subject has been thoroughly reviewed in the recent literature. This review is concerned only with dendrimer based cataly... |
12108639 | Synthesis and characterization of new chiral calix[4]arenes. | The unique chiral calixarenes were successfully synthesized by the following two methods: the Williamson ether synthesis and a stepwise ether cleavage with a mild Lewis acid. The high regioselectivity is recognized by the latter stepwise method. The ionophores having oligoethylene glycol unit efficiently extracted larg... |
12108636 | The supramolecular structure of self-assembly formed by capsanthin derivatives. | Carotenoids form structured self-assembly upon aqueous dilution of their organic solutions. In order to test the proposal predicting carotenoid aggregates to be organized in closely packed H-type (card-pack) manner by intermolecular hydrogen bonds, the trihydroxy derivative of capsanthin (1), (6'R)-capsanthol (2) ((all... |
12083725 | Calpain immunoreactivity and morphological damage in chinchilla inner ears after carboplatin. | Carboplatin produces an unusual pattern of damage in the chinchilla inner ear, characterized by early destruction of type I afferent fibers and preferential loss of type I hair cells in the vestibular end organs and inner hair cells (IHCs) in the cochlea. In the present study, we investigated a potential role of calpai... |
12069047 | Layer-by-layer self-assembly of supramolecular and biomolecular films. | In this paper, we give a short account on recent studies of layer-by-layer self-assembly of supramolecular and biomolecular films. Such films are built up from layers of macro-ions with opposing charge. A simple film can be obtained by alternating the adsorption of two components: a flexible, synthetic polycation chain... |
12069044 | Hybrid materials from amphiphilic block copolymers and membrane proteins. | Self-assembly of reactive amphiphilic block copolymers is used to prepare nanostructured hydrogels with exceptional permeability properties, vesicular structures and planar, freestanding membranes in aqueous solution. Although the underlying block copolymer membranes are two-three-fold thicker than conventional lipid b... |
12062537 | Prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism with subcutaneous melagatran in total hip or total knee replacement: results from Phase II studies. | The first clinical studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of melagatran, a novel, direct thrombin inhibitor, given subcutaneously as prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism (VTE) following total hip (THR) or total knee replacement (TKR) are reported. In Study I, 66 patients received subcutaneous melagatran (1.5-6 mg... |
12062381 | Roles of hydration water molecules in molecular packing of the killer toxin from Pichia farinosa in its crystalline state investigated by cryogenic X-ray crystallography. | The hydration structures around the killer toxin from Pichia farinosa were investigated by cryogenic X-ray crystallography. In particular, those contributing to the molecular association and the crystal contacts were analyzed with respect to the geometry and the networks of hydrogen bonds. The hydration water molecules... |
12051625 | Single-cell measurements of polyamidoamine dendrimer binding. | The binding of fluorescein-labeled polyamidoamine dendritic polymers (dendrimers) to the surface of individual fibroblast cells has been quantitatively measured using confocal fluorescence microscopy. Because the binding of these polymers is not strong, significant fluorescence from polymers in solution complicates the... |
12026217 | Study of the complexation behavior of tenoxicam with cyclodextrins in solution: improved solubility and percutaneous permeability. | Complexation of tenoxicam (TEN) with gamma-, HPgamma-, beta,-, HPbeta-, and Mbeta-cyclodextrin (CD) in aqueous solution at pH 7.4 has been investigated using phase solubility diagrams. TEN formed soluble complexes with 1:1 stoichiometry with all the CDs studied, although the inclusion stability constants (K1:1) obtaine... |
11875062 | Lipoplex-mediated transfection of mammalian cells occurs through the cholesterol-dependent clathrin-mediated pathway of endocytosis. | Synthetic amphiphiles are widely used as a carrier system. However, to match transfection efficiencies as obtained for viral vectors, further insight is required into the properties of lipoplexes that dictate transfection efficiency, including the mechanism of delivery. Although endocytosis is often referred to as the ... |
12003494 | An element in the 3' untranslated region of human LINE-1 retrotransposon mRNA binds NXF1(TAP) and can function as a nuclear export element. | Export of unspliced mRNA to the cytoplasm is required for the replication of all retroviruses. In simian type D retroviruses, the RNA export is mediated by the constitutive transport element (CTE) that binds the cellular nuclear export factor 1, NXF1(TAP). To search for potential cellular RNA substrates for NXF1, we ha... |
11999752 | Application of capillary zone electrophoresis to the separation and characterization of poly(amidoamine) dendrimers with an ethylenediamine core. | Generations 0 through 5 of ethylenediamine-core poly(amidoamine) dendrimers were synthesized and capillary zone electrophoresis has been applied to the separation of different generations of synthesized dendrimers and for the characterization of individual generations. |
11991004 | Electrophoretic behaviour of pharmacologically active alkylxanthines. | The electrophoretic behaviour of ionizable and neutral alkylxanthines commonly used in pharmaceutical preparations was studied. The performance of various separation modes including capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), cyclodextrin electrokinetic chromatography, and micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) with e... |
11991000 | Simultaneous separation of the enantiomers of cizolirtine and its degradation products by capillary electrophoresis. | The simultaneous enantioselective separation of (+/-)-cizolirtine and its impurities: (+/-)-N-desmethylcizolirtine, (+/-)-cizolirtine-N-oxide and (+/- )-5-(alpha-hydroxybenzyl)-1-methylpyrazole was investigated by capillary electrophoresis. Electrokinetic chromatography with carboxymethyl-beta-CD (CM-beta-CD) and sulfo... |
11991011 | Molecular recognition through the exact placement of functional groups on non-covalent molecularly imprinted polymers. | To investigate the extent of the placement of functional groups in the non-covalent molecularly imprinted polymers contributing to selectivity, three kinds of molecularly imprinted methacrylic acid-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate copolymers were prepared at higher polymerization temperature (60 degrees C) using 2-L-phen... |
11991008 | Synthesis and chromatographic properties of a novel chiral stationary phase derived from heptakis(6-azido-6-deoxy-2,3-di-O-phenylcarbamoylated)-beta-cyclodextrin immobilized onto amino-functionalized silica gel via multiple urea linkages. | A novel chiral stationary phase (PPHCDN7) was prepared by immobilization of heptakis(6-azido-6-deoxy-2,3-di-O-phenylcarbamoylated)-beta-cyclodextrin (PPHCD) onto the surface of amino-functionalized silica gel via multiple urea linkages derived from an extended application of the Staudinger reaction. A wide range of str... |
11989803 | Identification and mapping of small-molecule binding sites in proteins: computational tools for structure-based drug design. | The number of protein structures is currently increasing at an impressive rate. The growing wealth of data calls for methods to efficiently exploit structural information for medicinal and pharmaceutical purposes. Given the three-dimensional (3D) structure of a validated protein target, the identification of functional... |
11985048 | [Development of homogeneous assay for HDL-C in serum]. | Recent development of several homogeneous assays for measuring HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) in serum without pretreatment has been reviewed. Several problems on the five homogeneous assays based on PEG-modified enzyme/alpha-cyclodextrin sulfate (PEGME), polyanion-polymer/detergent (PPD), immunoinhibition, catalase/detergent... |
11964126 | Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists--from bench to practice. | The central role played by the alphaIIb beta3 receptor in platelet aggregation, and hence in platelet thrombosis, has led to the development of a number of parenteral and oral glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitors for use in cardiovascular disease states, such as acute coronary syndromes and stroke. The predominant eff... |
11962221 | [Changes in macromolecular characteristics and biological activity of hydrolytic lignin hydrolysate in the course of composting]. | Composting of hydrolytic lignin by a microbial association changed its molecular-weight composition, acid-based properties, and supramolecular structure. Specifically, by the end of the third month of composting, an increase was observed in its exchange capacity and the amount of negative charges, as well as in the con... |
11959001 | Design and synthesis of antiangiogenic/heparin-binding arginine dendrimer mimicking the surface of endostatin. | We designed and synthesized the antiangiogenic arginine-rich dendrimers, TX-1943 and TX-1944, which mimic the surface structure of endostatin. TX-1944 containing 16 arginine residues is more similar in surface structure to endostatin than TX-1943 with eight arginine residues, and has stronger in vivo antiangiogenic act... |
11954055 | A computational analysis of substrate binding strength by phosphorylase kinase and protein kinase A. | Protein kinases exhibit various degrees of substrate specificity. The large number of different protein kinases in the eukaryotic proteomes makes it impractical to determine the specificity of each enzyme experimentally. To test if it were possible to discriminate potential substrates from non-substrates by simple comp... |
11954054 | Functional mapping of conserved, surface-exposed charges of antibody variable domains. | Surface-exposed charges can affect protein structure, stability and solubility as well as the kinetics of both the folding process and interaction with binding partners. We have investigated the influence on kinetic interaction parameters of 14 conserved, surface-exposed charges located away from the paratope in the va... |
11953830 | Apoptosis is associated with triacylglycerol accumulation in Jurkat T-cells. | Magnetic resonance spectroscopy is increasingly used as a non-invasive method to investigate apoptosis. Apoptosis was induced in Jurkat T-cells by Fas mAb. (1)H magnetic resonance spectra of live cells showed an increase in methylene signal as well as methylene/methyl ratio of fatty acid side chains at 5 and 24 h follo... |
11951991 | The estimation of PAH bioavailability in contaminated sediments using hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and Triton X-100 extraction techniques. | A study was conducted to investigate whether cyclodextrins and surfactants can be used to predict polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) bioavailability in contaminated sediments. Two sediment samples were extracted with aqueous solutions of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPCD) and Triton X-100. PAH removal during ext... |
11944820 | Photoaffinity labeling in drug discovery and developments: chemical gateway for entering proteomic frontier. | One of the major events occurring at biological interfaces is the specific recognition of bioactive ligands by their receptor proteins. The elucidation of interacting partners is an immediate entrance into the discovery of medicinal leads. The method of photoaffinity labeling enables the direct probing of target protei... |
11943219 | Self-assembly of ATP synthase subunit c rings. | Subunit c of the H(+) transporting ATP synthase is an essential part of its membrane domain that participates in transmembrane proton conduction. The annular architecture of the subunit c from different species has been previously reported. However, little is known about the type of interactions that affect the formati... |
11943149 | Mutations converting cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from a transglycosylase into a starch hydrolase. | Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) efficiently catalyzes transglycosylation of oligo-maltodextrins, although the enzyme also has a low hydrolytic activity. Its +2 substrate binding subsite, which contains the conserved Phe184 and Phe260 residues, has been shown to be important for this transglycosylation activit... |
11934300 | Characterization of polycationic amino acids fusion systems for ion-exchange purification of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from recombinant Escherichia coli. | Fusion proteins with charged polycationic amino acid tails were constructed for the purpose of simple ion-exchange purification with high purity. A number of positively charged lysine and arginine tails were fused to the C-terminus of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) derived from Bacillus macerans and expresse... |
11933849 | Studies on solubility and hypoglycemic activity of gliclazide beta-cyclodextrin-hydroxypropylmethylcellulose complexes. | This study was undertaken with an objective to increase the dissolution rate and bioavailability of a poorly water soluble drug gliclazide (Gz) by complexation with beta-cyclodextrin (CD) in the presence of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC). Phase solubility studies of Gz were performed in aqueous solutions of differ... |
11932495 | A recombinant bacterial cell surface (S-layer)-major birch pollen allergen-fusion protein (rSbsC/Bet v1) maintains the ability to self-assemble into regularly structured monomolecular lattices and the functionality of the allergen. | The mature crystalline bacterial cell surface (S-layer) protein SbsC of Bacillus stearothermophilus ATCC 12980 comprises amino acids 31-1099 and assembles into an oblique lattice type. As the deletion of up to 179 C-terminal amino acids did not interfere with the self-assembly properties of SbsC, the sequence encoding ... |
11931765 | Structural basis of lysine-acetylated HIV-1 Tat recognition by PCAF bromodomain. | The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) trans-activator protein Tat stimulates transcription of the integrated HIV-1 genome and promotes viral replication in infected cells. Tat transactivation activity is dependent on lysine acetylation and its association with nuclear histone acetyltransferases p300/CBP (CREB... |
11924978 | In situ FT-IR measurements of competitive vapor adsorption into porous thin films containing silica nanoparticles. | Vapor adsorption into porous ultrathin films on a gold surface is investigated with in situ surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and polarization-modulation infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS). The thin films are prepared by the electrostatic self-assembly of oppositely charged poly(L-lysine) (PL) and sil... |
11923529 | Self-assembly at all scales. | Self-assembly is the autonomous organization of components into patterns or structures without human intervention. Self-assembling processes are common throughout nature and technology. They involve components from the molecular (crystals) to the planetary (weather systems) scale and many different kinds of interaction... |
11923527 | Crystal engineering: from structure to function. | Modern crystal engineering has emerged as a rich discipline whose success requires an iterative process of synthesis, crystallography, crystal structure analysis, and computational methods. By focusing on the molecular recognition events during nucleation and growth, chemists have uncovered new ways of controlling the ... |
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