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12668040 | Study of solubility of isoproturon by its complexation with beta-cyclodextrin. | The inclusion complexes of beta-cyclodextrin-isoproturon were prepared using techniques such as kneading, co-evaporation, and co-precipitation. These complexes were characterised for physical properties and spectral studies such as UV, FTIR, and 1HNMR spectroscopy. To investigate the stoichiometry of the complexes Phas... |
14571690 | Evaluation of mixture modeling with count data using NONMEM. | Mixture modeling within the context of pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) mixed effects modeling is a useful tool to explore a population for the presence of two or more subpopulations, not explained by evaluated covariates. At present, statistical tests for the existence of mixed populations have not been devel... |
14526654 | Development of an ophthalmic formulation containing ciprofloxacin-hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin complex. | Ophthalmic formulations of ciprofloxacin were formulated using inclusion complexes of ciprofloxacin HCl (CFLX HCl) and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD). The complexes were prepared by the method of freeze drying and evaluated by phase solubility studies, differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffr... |
14503407 | Topography and transport properties of oligo(phenylene ethynylene) molecular wires studied by scanning tunneling microscopy. | Conjugated phenylene(ethynylene) molecular wires are of interest as potential candidates for molecular electronic devices. Scanning tunneling microscopic study of the topography and current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of self-assembled monolayers of two types of molecular wires are presented here. The study shows tha... |
14503404 | Formation of gold nanoparticles within a liquid crystalline polymeric matrix. | We could prepare a novel composite consisting of a liquid crystalline polyester matrix and gold nanoparticles (7-14 nm). The polymer bears methoxy-terminated, hydrophilic, low molecular weight (350) PEG pendants on the rigid, hydrophobic aromatic polyester backbone. The polymers from a layered, sematic-like morphology ... |
12953549 | [Spatial orientation interaction mechanism between chondroitin sulfate and azure A]. | The spatial orientation interaction mechanism of chondroitin sulfate (CS) and azure A (AA) was studied by spectrometry. The maximum binding number (N = 151) and the binding equilibrium constant (K = 5. 24 x 10(4)) were obtained. The molecular binding model of the interaction between AA and CS was established. The influ... |
12948130 | Development of an "electroptode" immunosensor: indium tin oxide-coated optical fiber tips conjugated with an electropolymerized thin film with conjugated cholera toxin B subunit. | We demonstrate that it is possible to create surface-conductive fiber optics, upon which may be electropolymerized a biotinylated polypyrrole thin film, which may then be used to affinity coat the fiber with molecular recognition probes. This fiber-optic electroconductive surface modification is done by the deposition ... |
12945915 | Kinetic and thermodynamic consequences of the substitution of SMe for OMe substituents of cryptophane hosts on the binding of neutral and cationic guests. | To investigate the origin of the high selectivity of cryptophane-E (1) towards Me3NH+, Me4N+, and CHCl3, and particularly to discriminate the different contributions that stabilize the supramolecular complexes, we have synthesized the new cryptophane 2 bearing six MeS groups instead of MeO groups in 1. This led to a de... |
12945904 | Polyhalogenated heterocyclic compounds. Macrocycles from perfluoro-4-isopropylpyridine. | Perfluoro-4-isopropylpyridine was used as a building block for the two-step synthesis of a variety of macrocyclic systems bearing pyridine sub-units which were characterised by X-ray crystallography. Electrospray mass spectrometry revealed that complexation of either cations and, unusually, anions is possible depending... |
12945787 | Compensation of steric demand by cation-pi interactions, cobaltocenium cations as guests in tetraurea calix[4]arene dimers. | The affinities of ferrocene (2) and the cobaltocenium cation (3+), which have roughly the same size and differ in their charge, towards the inner cavity of the dimeric capsule formed by tetraurea calix[4]arene (1) were studied in C2D4Cl2 solutions. While 3+, which occupies more than 75% of the internal volume of the di... |
12945781 | Reinterpretation of the kinetic data and the non-steady state hypothesis (two-step mechanism) for the S(N)2 reaction between p-nitrophenoxide and methyl iodide in aprotic solvents containing water. | Kinetic data obtained by conventional spectrophotometry for reaction of sodium p-nitrophenoxide with methyl iodide in degassed acetone are reported. The rate constants obtained from the first 10% of reaction do not differ significantly from those obtained over longer reaction times (e.g 50% reaction)--the main criteria... |
12899307 | Capillary electrophoretic analysis of the derivatives and isomers of benzoate and phthalate. | A capillary electrophoretic method for the analysis of 12 commonly found derivatives and isomers of benzoate and phthalate, including p-toluic acid, p-acetamido and p-hydroxy derivatives of benzoic acid, salicylic acid and its acetyl ester, 2- and 4-isomers of carboxybenzaldehyde, meta-, para-, and ortho-isomers of pht... |
12899306 | Chiral analysis of neurotransmitters using cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis equipped with microfabricated interdigitated electrodes. | We present cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis equipped with a microfabricated chip consisting of an array of eight interdigitated microband platinum electrodes (IDs) for simultaneous analysis of three chiral models: epinephrine, norepinephrine and isoproterenol. The IDE chip, positioned very close to the c... |
12885079 | Application of diaza-18-crown-6-capped beta-cyclodextrin bonded silica particles as chiral stationary phases for ultrahigh pressure capillary liquid chromatography. | Two bonded chiral stationary phases (CSPs), 8-aminoquinoline-2-ylmethyl- and 8-aminoquinoline-7-ylmethyl-diaza-18-crown-6-capped [3-(2-O-beta-cyclodextrin)-2-hydroxypropoxy]propylsilyl silica particles (non-porous, 1.5 microm), have been prepared and evaluated using capillary liquid chromatography at high pressures (> ... |
12877177 | Extraordinary chiral discrimination in inclusion gas chromatography. thermodynamics of enantioselectivity between a racemic perfluorodiether and a modified gamma-cyclodextrin. | The enantiomers of the perfluorodiether "compound B" [2-(fluoromethoxy)-3-methoxy-1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane], a decomposition product of the inhalational anesthetic sevoflurane [2-(fluoromethoxy)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane], were separated by gas chromatography on octakis(3-O-butanoyl-2,6-di-O-n-pentyl)-gamma-cyc... |
12877165 | Immuno-based sample preparation for trace analysis. | Immuno-based sample preparation techniques are based upon molecular recognition. Thanks to the high affinity and high selectivity of the antigen-antibody interaction, they have been shown to be a unique tool in the sampling area. Immuno-based sample preparation methods include the widely encountered immunoaffinity extr... |
12871315 | Concentration of rafts in platelet filopodia correlates with recruitment of c-Src and CD63 to these domains. | The molecular mechanism that causes non-adhesive, discoid platelets to transform into sticky dendritic bodies that form blood clumps is a complex series of events. Recently it has become clear that lipid microdomains--also known as rafts--play a crucial role in this process. We have used a non-cytolytic derivative of p... |
12868422 | Selective rearrangements of quadruply hydrogen-bonded dimer driven by donor-acceptor interaction. | A general method has been developed to control the selective rearrangement of Meijer's AADD quadruply hydrogen-bonded homodimers by introducing an additional donor-acceptor interaction. Therefore, one donor-assembling monomer, 1, in which the electron-rich bis(p-phenylene)-34-crown-10 moiety is connected to the hydroge... |
12868421 | Dynamic covalent approach to [2]- and [3]roxtanes by utilizing a reversible thiol-disulfide interchange reaction. | A dynamic covalent approach to disulfide-containing [2]- and [3]rotaxanes is described. Symmetrical dumbbell-shaped compounds with two secondary ammonium centers and a central located disulfide bond were synthesized as components of rotaxanes. The rotaxanes were synthesized from the dumbbell-shaped compounds and dibenz... |
12866882 | Simultaneous chiral determination of methamphetamine and its metabolites in urine by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. | A capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous chiral determination of enantiomers of methamphetamine (MA), amphetamine (AP), dimethylamphetamine (DMA) and p-hydroxymethamphetamine (pOHMA), in urine has been developed. The internal standards used were 2-phenylethylamine and 1-amino4-phenylbut... |
12866873 | Restricted access media-molecularly imprinted polymer for propranolol and its application to direct injection analysis of beta-blockers in biological fluids. | A restricted access media-molecularly imprinted polymer (RAM-MIP) for propranolol (PRP) has been prepared for direct injection analysis of beta-blockers in biological fluids. First, the MIP for PRP was prepared using methacrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the functional monomer and cross-linker, respect... |
12866556 | Controlling the conformation and interplay of p-sulfonatocalix[6]arene as lanthanide crown ether complexes. | Control over the conformational flexibility of p-sulfonatocalix[6]arene in the solid state is possible in the presence of varied stoichiometric amounts of [18]crown-6 and selected lanthanide(III) chlorides. Complexes 1 and 2 have the calixarene in the elusive up-up double cone conformation, whilst complex 3 has the cal... |
12866537 | The carbon skeleton of the belt region of fullerene C84 (D2). | The synthesis and structural characterization of the double-stranded carbon skeleton in the belt region of a C84 fullerene has been achieved. The synthetic methodology used is based on cyclic dimerization of diastereomeric AB-type monomers 18 by a non-diastereospecific Diels-Alder reaction with isobenzofuran and acenap... |
12866536 | The synthesis of carboacycles derived from B,B'-bis(aryl) derivatives of icosahedral ortho-carborane. | Reactions of both closo-9,12-I2-1,2-C2B10H10 and closo-9,10-I2-1,7-C2B10H10 with an excess of aryl magnesium bromide in the presence of [PdCl2(PPh3)2] afford the corresponding closo-9,12-(4-R-C6H4)2-1,2-C2B10H10 [R=H (1), Me (2), OMe (3), SMe (4), N(CH3)2 (5), Cl (6)] and closo-9,10-(4-R-C6H4)2-1,7-C2B10H10 [R'=Me (7),... |
12866532 | How sphingolipids bind and shape proteins: molecular basis of lipid-protein interactions in lipid shells, rafts and related biomembrane domains. | Understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling the association of proteins with lipid rafts is a central issue in cell biology and medicine. A structurally conserved motif (the 'sphingolipid binding domain') has been characterized in unrelated cellular and microbial proteins targeted to lipid rafts. I propose that ... |
12861385 | Anandamide induces cell death independently of cannabinoid receptors or vanilloid receptor 1: possible involvement of lipid rafts. | Anandamide triggers various cellular activities by binding to cannabinoid (CB1/CB2) receptors or vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1). However, the role of these receptors in anandamide-induced apoptosis remains largely unknown. Here, we show that SR141716A, a specific inhibitor of cannabinoid receptor (CB1-R), did not block ana... |
12861382 | Cholesterol homeostasis and function in neurons of the central nervous system. | Cholesterol is a multifaceted molecule. First, it serves as an essential membrane component, as a cofactor for signaling molecules and as a precursor for steroid hormones; second, its synthesis, intercellular transport and intracellular distribution present a logistic tour de force requiring hundreds of cellular compon... |
12861381 | Vascular integrins: pleiotropic adhesion and signaling molecules in vascular homeostasis and angiogenesis. | New blood vessel formation, a process referred to as angiogenesis, is essential for embryonic development and for many physiological and pathological processes during postnatal life, including cancer progression. Endothelial cell adhesion molecules of the integrin family have emerged as critical mediators and regulator... |
12857378 | Automated nano-electrospray mass spectrometry for protein-ligand screening by noncovalent interaction applied to human H-FABP and A-FABP. | A method for ligand screening by automated nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nano-ESI/MS) is described. The core of the system consisted of a chip-based platform for automated sample delivery from a 96-well plate and subsequent analysis based on noncovalent interactions. Human fatty acid binding protein, ... |
12858398 | Capillary electrophoresis determinations of trace concentrations of inorganic ions in large excess of chloride: soft modelling using artificial neural networks for optimisation of electrolyte composition. | In this work, using a combination of experimental design (ED) and artificial neural networks (ANN), the composition of a triethanolamine-buffered chromate electrolyte was optimised for determination of sulphate anions in the presence of high chloride excess. The optimal electrolyte, allowing a baseline-resolved separat... |
12858390 | Determination of chlorophenoxy acid herbicides by capillary electrophoresis with integrated potential gradient detection. | This report describes separation and detection of chlorophenoxy acid herbicides spiked in drinking water by the technique combining solid-phase extraction, field-amplified sample stacking, capillary electrophoresis, and potential gradient detection. The herbicide solution (400 mL) was concentrated to 0.1 mL by the soli... |
12858382 | Chiral separation of methadone, 2-ethylidene- 1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP) and 2-ethyl-5-methyl-3,3-diphenyl-1-pyrroline (EMDP) by capillary electrophoresis using cyclodextrin derivatives. | A stereoselective method was developed for the simultaneous determination of methadone and its two major metabolites, 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP) and 2-ethyl-5-methyl-3,3-diphenyl-1-pyrroline (EMDP) by capillary electrophoresis. Five beta-cyclodextrin (betaCD) background electrolyte (BGE) a... |
12858376 | Optimization of the chiral resolution of baclofen by capillary electrophoresis using beta-cyclodextrin as the chiral selector. | The chiral resolution of baclofen was achieved by capillary electrophoresis using a fused-silica capillary (60 cm x 75 microm ID). The background electrolyte (BGE) was phosphate buffer (pH 7.0, 50 mM)-acetonitrile (95:5 v/v) containing 10 mM beta-cyclodextrin. The applied voltage was 15 kV. The values of alpha and R(s)... |
12858367 | A new and selective capillary column coated with cationic diazacrown ether for separation of organic and inorganic anions by capillary electrophoresis. | A new coated capillary has been introduced for capillary electrophoretic separation of anions by using a positively charged diazacrown ether with a 12-membered ring. A positive charge spread over the inner capillary surface led to a substantial anodic electroosmotic flow (EOF) over the range of migrating buffer of pH 2... |
12850277 | Non-covalent interaction of ubiquitin with insulin-degrading enzyme. | Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is a metalloprotease implicated in insulin degradation and suggested to have a variety of additional functions, including the clearance of amyloid beta peptides of Alzheimer's disease. Little is known about endogenous proteins that may interact with and modulate IDE's activity in the cell... |
12842352 | Optimization of a simple method for the chiral separation of methamphetamine and related compounds in clandestine tablets and urine samples by beta-cyclodextrine modified capillary electrophoresis: a complementary method to GC-MS. | The chiral separation of (+/-)-methamphetamine, (+/-)-methcathinone, (+/-)-ephedrine and (+/-)-pseudoephedrine by means of beta-cyclodextrine modified capillary electrophoresis is described. The distribution of enantiomers in clandestine tablets and urine samples were identified. Several electrophoretic parameters such... |
12841280 | Solid state structures of pentacoordinated lambda3-iodanes with a trigonal bipyramidal geometry: synthesis of diphenyl- and alkynyl(phenyl)-lambda3-iodane complexes with 1,10-phenanthroline. | The single crystal X-ray structure of the supramolecular complex formed between diphenyl-lambda3-iodane (Ph2IBF4) or 1-alkynyl(phenyl)-lambda3-iodane [Bu(t)CCI(Ph)BF4] and 1,10-phenanthroline indicates a hitherto unknown distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry around iodine(III), in which 1,10-phenanthroline acts as a ... |
12841264 | First crystallographic signature of an acyclic peptide nanorod: molecular mechanism of nanorod formation by a self-assembled tetrapeptide. | A terminally protected acyclic tetrapeptide Boc-Aib-Val-Aib-beta-Ala-OMe 1 (Aib: alpha-aminoisobutyric acid, beta-Ala: beta-Alanine) self-assembles into a continuous hydrogen-bonded supramolecular helix with an average diameter of 10 A (1 nm) starting from a double bend molecular conformation in crystals and further se... |
12841261 | Molecular recognition for stable organic radicals--2-(6-uradinyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-1-oxyl. | Stable radical 2-(6-uradinyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-1-oxyl shows antiferromagnetic spin pairing with 2J/k= -14 K, attributable to a close contact between unpaired spin density on the imidazole-type nitrogen atoms; hydrogen bonds aid dimer formation, but do not appear to play an eletronic role in ... |
12841259 | A self-assembling polymer-bound rotaxane under thermodynamic control. | The thermodynamically controlled self-assembly of a neutral donor-acceptor rotaxane, stoppered via porphyrin coordination and bound to polystyrene beads is described, and the dynamic equilibrium between solid and solution phases has been examined by HR MAS nmr spectroscopy. |
12841237 | Novel host-guest organogels as stabilized by the formation of crown-ammonium pseudo-rotaxane complexes. | A dibenzo-24-crown-8 derivative bearing two cholesterol groups is either insoluble in or precipitates from most organic solvents, but its pseudo-rotaxane complex with a diammonium guest acts as a good gelator of aromatic solvents. |
12841232 | A new 6(5).8 topology and a distorted 6(5).8 CdSO4 topology: two new supramolecular isomers of [M2(bdc)2(L)2]n coordination polymers. | We report the crystal structures of two new coordination polymers that have similar composition but, despite having the same circuit symbol and Schläfli notation, different topologies: a novel 3D topology (USF-1) and a CdSO4-like topology. |
12841229 | Molecular tectonics: from enantiomerically pure sugars to enantiomerically pure triple stranded helical coordination network. | The self-assembly between a bis-monodentate tecton based on two pyridine units connected to an enantiomerically pure isomannide stereoisomer and HgCl2 leads to the formation of an enantiomerically pure triple stranded helical infinite coordination network which was structurally characterised by X-ray diffraction on sin... |
12841227 | The origin of the low-spin character of the resting state of cytochrome P450cam investigated by means of active site analogues. | Crown-capped iron(S-) porphyrins 1 x H2O and 2 x H2O and their corresponding Ba2+ complexes have been prepared as active site analogues of the resting state of cytochrome P450cam. cw-EPR studies and electronic structure calculations at the density functional theory (DFT) level of model systems suggest a functional role... |
12836479 | Electronic excitation energy migration in a photonic dye--zeolite antenna. | Electronic excitation energy migration in a photonic antenna host-guest material has been investigated by time-resolved fluorescence experiments and by Monte Carlo calculations. The host consists of a linear channel system (zeolite L). The channels are filled with energy transporting dyes (donors) in their middle secti... |
12836755 | Dispersion management with microstructured optical fibers: ultraflattened chromatic dispersion with low losses. | We numerically demonstrate ultraflattened chromatic dispersion with low losses in microstructured optical fibers (MOFs). We propose using two different MOF structures to get this result. Both structures are based on a subset of a triangular array of cylindrical air holes; the cross sections of these inclusions are circ... |
12835016 | Solubilization of the neutral and charged forms of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol by beta-cyclodextrin, methyl-beta-cyclodextrin and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin in water. | The solubilities of the neutral and charged forms of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) in beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) and two of its most used derivatives: methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MCD) and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPCD) solutions were investigated. The three cyclodextrins were found to form 1:1 inclusion complexes.... |
12831468 | The different mechanisms of gametophytic self-incompatibility. | Self-incompatibility (SI) involves the recognition and rejection of self or genetically identical pollen. Gametophytic SI is probably the most widespread of the SI systems and, so far, two completely different SI mechanisms, which appear to have evolved separately, have been identified. One mechanism is the RNase syste... |
12832507 | Nongenomic glucocorticoid inhibition via endocannabinoid release in the hypothalamus: a fast feedback mechanism. | Glucocorticoid negative feedback in the brain controls stress, feeding, and neural-immune interactions by regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, but the mechanisms of inhibition of hypothalamic neurosecretory cells have never been elucidated. Using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in an acute hypothalamic... |
12833391 | Simultaneous determination of 16 estrogens, dehydroepiandrosterone and their glucuronide and sulfate conjugates in serum using sodium cholate micelle capillary electrophoresis. | The simultaneous determination of 16 estrogens, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and their glucuronide and sulfate conjugates by micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) with sodium cholate micelle is reported. Sodium cholate, sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and alpha-, beta-, gamma-cyclodextrins were studied as micelle ... |
15015326 | [Studies on preparation technology of Flos Magnoliae essential oil-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex]. | <h4>Objective</h4>To find the best condition of the preparation technology of Flos Magnoliae essential oil-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex.<h4>Method</h4>L9(3(4)) table was used to examine the effects of 4 factors, and the inclusion rate of each test was determined of orthogonal test.<h4>Result</h4>The best conditi... |
12825837 | Behavioral characterization of mice lacking the A3 adenosine receptor: sensitivity to hypoxic neurodegeneration. | 1. The potential neuroprotective actions of the A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) were investigated using mice with functional deletions of the A3AR (A3AR-/-) in behavioral assessments of analgesia, locomotion, tests predictive of depression and anxiety, and the effects of mild hypoxia on cognition and neuronal survival. 2.... |
12825835 | P2Y6 nucleotide receptor activates PKC to protect 1321N1 astrocytoma cells against tumor necrosis factor-induced apoptosis. | 1. We recently reported that the activation by UDP of rat P2Y6 nucleotide receptors expressed in 1321N1 astrocytoma cells protected them from TNFalpha-induced apoptosis by suppressing activation of caspase 3 and 8. This study aims to characterize the involvement of intracellular signaling pathways, including kinases in... |
12825833 | Epibatidine: impact on nicotinic receptor research. | Epibatidine is a natural product that was isolated and identified by Daly and coworkers in 1992. Since that time, it has had a profound influence on the investigation of alpha4beta2 nicotinic cholinergic (nACh) receptor pharmacophore models, and has inspired the development of novel agents with therapeutic potential in... |
12817972 | Novel polyoxometalate-templated, 3-D supramolecular networks based on lanthanide dimers: synthesis, structure, and fluorescent properties of [Ln2(DNBA)4(DMF)8][Mo6O19] (DNBA = 3,5-dinitrobenzoate). | The spherical Lindquist type polyoxometalate, Mo(6)O(19)(2)(-), has been used as a noncoordinating anionic template for the construction of novel three-dimensional lanthanide-aromatic monocarboxylate dimer supramolecular networks [Ln(2)(DNBA)(4)(DMF)(8)][Mo(6)O(19)] (Ln = La 1, Ce 2, and Eu 3, DNBA = 3,5-dinitrobenzoat... |
12817962 | Alkyl- and aryl-substituted corroles. 4. Solvent effects on the electrochemical and spectral properties of cobalt corroles. | Solvent effects on the electrochemistry and spectroscopic properties of alkyl- and aryl-substituted corroles in nonaqueous media are reported. The oxidation and reduction of six compounds containing zero to seven phenyl or substituted phenyl groups on the macrocycle were studied in four different nonaqueous solvents (C... |
12817951 | Structural and magnetic properties of a novel ferrocenyl-diiodine charge transfer complex. | The reaction of 4-ferrocenyl-1,3-dithiole-2-thione with diiodine affords an unprecedented "double" charge-transfer complex; the highly ordered ferrocenium units are held by a supramolecular polyiodide chain, and the material shows evidence of the formation of zigzag magnetic chains below 2 K. |
12819141 | Identification and analysis of chromodomain-containing proteins encoded in the mouse transcriptome. | The chromodomain is 40-50 amino acids in length and is conserved in a wide range of chromatic and regulatory proteins involved in chromatin remodeling. Chromodomain-containing proteins can be classified into families based on their broader characteristics, in particular the presence of other types of domains, and which... |
12819139 | Discovery of imprinted transcripts in the mouse transcriptome using large-scale expression profiling. | Candidate imprinted transcriptional units in the mouse genome were identified systematically from 27,663 FANTOM2 full-length mouse cDNA clones by expression profiling. Large-scale cDNA microarrays were used to detect differential expression dependent upon chromosomal parent of origin by comparing the mRNA levels in the... |
12819132 | Comprehensive analysis of the mouse metabolome based on the transcriptome. | The complete set of cDNAs encoding the enzymes of known metabolic pathways has not previously been available for any mammal. Here, transcripts encoding the metabolic pathways of the mouse (mouse metabolome) were reconstructed by making use of the KEGG metabolic pathway database and gene ontology (GO) assignment to the ... |
12819130 | Antisense transcripts with FANTOM2 clone set and their implications for gene regulation. | We have used the FANTOM2 mouse cDNA set (60,770 clones), public mRNA data, and mouse genome sequence data to identify 2481 pairs of sense-antisense transcripts and 899 further pairs of nonantisense bidirectional transcription based upon genomic mapping. The analysis greatly expands the number of known examples of sense... |
12819129 | Systematic expression profiling of the mouse transcriptome using RIKEN cDNA microarrays. | The number of known mRNA transcripts in the mouse has been greatly expanded by the RIKEN Mouse Gene Encyclopedia project. Validation of their reproducible expression in a tissue is an important contribution to the study of functional genomics. In this report, we determine the expression profile of 57,931 clones on 20 m... |
12819125 | Targeting a complex transcriptome: the construction of the mouse full-length cDNA encyclopedia. | We report the construction of the mouse full-length cDNA encyclopedia,the most extensive view of a complex transcriptome,on the basis of preparing and sequencing 246 libraries. Before cloning,cDNAs were enriched in full-length by Cap-Trapper,and in most cases,aggressively subtracted/normalized. We have produced 1,442,2... |
12816610 | Organization of cell-regulatory systems through modular-protein-interaction domains. | Cells are organized through the interactions of proteins with one another, and with phospholipids, nucleic acids and small molecules, suggesting a molecular recognition code for cell assembly. These interactions are mediated by a set of conserved protein interaction domains, which regulate the dynamic behaviour of the ... |
12816607 | Protein folding and misfolding: a paradigm of self-assembly and regulation in complex biological systems. | Understanding biological complexity is one of the grand scientific challenges for the future. A living organism is a highly evolved system made up of a large number of interwoven molecular networks. These networks primarily involve proteins, the macromolecules that enable and control virtually every chemical process th... |
12816448 | Chemoselective building blocks for dendrimers from relative reactivity data. | Competition reactions for the substitution of monochlorotriazines with different amines provide relative reactivity data that can be used to identify new groups for the chemoselective syntheses of dendrimers based on melamine. Target 1 is prepared using a one-pot per generation strategy without protecting group manipul... |
12816502 | Synthesis of highly fluorescent y-enyne dendrimers with four and six arms. | A first generation of dendrimeric Y-enynes with extended flexible chains was synthesized using Sonogashira coupling. Dendrimers 9 and 10 are highly fluorescent in the solid state and in solution. |
12816482 | Complexation and chiral recognition thermodynamics of gamma-cyclodextrin with N-acetyl- and N-carbobenzyloxy-dipeptides possessing two aromatic rings. | The stability constants (K) and the standard free energy (deltaG degrees ), enthalpy (deltaH degrees ), and entropy changes (deltaS degrees ) for the complexation of gamma-cyclodextrin with 34 enantiomeric and diastereomeric N-acetyl- and N-carbobenzyloxy-d/l-dipeptides with two aromatic moieties were determined in aqu... |
12816462 | En route to surface-bound electric field-driven molecular motors. | Four caltrop-shaped molecules that might be useful as surface-bound electric field-driven molecular motors have been synthesized. The caltrops are comprised of a pair of electron donor-acceptor arms and a tripod base. The molecular arms are based on a carbazole or oligo(phenylene ethynylene) core with a strong net dipo... |
12813023 | Complement receptor 2-mediated targeting of complement inhibitors to sites of complement activation. | In a strategy to specifically target complement inhibitors to sites of complement activation and disease, recombinant fusion proteins consisting of a complement inhibitor linked to a C3 binding region of complement receptor (CR) 2 were prepared and characterized. Natural ligands for CR2 are C3 breakdown products deposi... |
12812489 | Photolytic control of peptide self-assembly. | Herein, we present a methodology that allows for the temporal control of fibrillization of amyloidogenic peptides. This general approach implements a photolabile linker that connects the amyloidogenic peptide to a fibril-inhibitory unit, in this case, a pentamer of amino acids modified with the solubilizing N,N-dimethy... |
12813009 | Calcium dobesilate potentiates endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor-mediated relaxation of human penile resistance arteries. | 1 We have evaluated the participation of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) in the endothelium-dependent relaxation of isolated human penile resistance arteries (HPRA) and human corpus cavernosum (HCC) strips. In addition, the effect of the angioprotective agent, calcium dobesilate (DOBE), on the endothe... |
12812993 | SB-656104-A, a novel selective 5-HT7 receptor antagonist, modulates REM sleep in rats. | 1 (6-((R)-2-[2-[4-(4-Chloro-phenoxy)-piperidin-1-yl]-ethyl]-pyrrolidine-1-sulphonyl)-1H-indole hydrochloride) (SB-656104-A), a novel 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT(7)) receptor antagonist, potently inhibited [(3)H]-SB-269970 binding to the human cloned 5-HT(7(a)) (pK(i) 8.7+/-0.1) and 5-HT(7(b)) (pK(i) 8.5+/-0.2) receptor v... |
12812992 | Agonist- and antagonist-induced sequestration/internalization of neuropeptide Y Y1 receptors in HEK293 cells. | 1 Neuropeptide Y Y(1) receptors are known to internalize following the binding of agonists. In the present study, a pseudopeptide Y(1) receptor antagonist, homodimeric Ile-Glu-Pro-Dpr-Tyr-Arg-Leu-Arg-Tyr-CONH(2) (GR231118), also induced Y(1) receptor internalization in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. 2 We demons... |
12809750 | In vitro and in vivo efficacy of alpha-cyclodextrin for treatment of experimental cryptosporidiosis. | The efficacy of alpha-cyclodextrin against infection by Cryptosporidium parvum was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo models. Cyclodextrins are water-soluble cyclic hexamers of glucose units with hydrophobic cavities capable of solubilizing lipophiles and are widely used as drug excipients in the pharmaceutical indus... |
12810302 | Pulmonary deposition of a budesonide/gamma-cyclodextrin complex in vitro. | Cyclodextrins (CDs) may be potential excipients in inhalation powders; e.g., to increase drug stability, dissolution rate and bioavailability, or to decrease local irritation of an inhaled drug. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CD complexation on the pulmonary deposition of drugs. Studies were per... |
12809508 | Conversion of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase into a starch hydrolase by directed evolution: the role of alanine 230 in acceptor subsite +1. | Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) preferably catalyzes transglycosylation reactions, whereas many other alpha-amylase family enzymes are hydrolases. Despite the availability of three-dimensional structures of several transglycosylases and hydrolases of this family, the factors that determine the hydrolysis and ... |
12809482 | Biochemistry and structural DNA nanotechnology: an evolving symbiotic relationship. | Structural DNA nanotechnology is derived from naturally occurring structures and phenomena in cellular biochemistry. Motifs based on branched DNA molecules are linked together by sticky ends to produce objects, periodic arrays, and nanomechanical devices. The motifs include Holliday junction analogues, double and tripl... |
12809243 | 'Template-switching': a supramolecular strategy for the quantitative, gram-scale construction of a molecular target in the solid state. | A template-switching strategy based on the modularity of template-directed solid-state synthesis has been successfully utilised to achieve a quantitative, stereospecific solid-state synthesis of a p-[2.2]-cyclophane target in gram quantities. |
12809204 | A strongly positive dendrimer effect in asymmetric catalysis: allylic aminations with Pyrphos-palladium functionalised PPI and PAMAM dendrimers. | A remarkable and unprecedented increase in catalyst selectivity in dendrimer catalysis is observed for the Pyrphos-Pd catalysed allylic amination of 1,3-diphenyl-1-acetoxypropene as a function of the dendrimer generation (with up to 64 metal sites). This steady increase in ee-values for the allylic amination is less pr... |
12807777 | The Drosophila roX1 RNA gene can overcome silent chromatin by recruiting the male-specific lethal dosage compensation complex. | The Drosophila MSL complex consists of at least six proteins and two noncoding roX RNAs that mediate dosage compensation. It acts to remodel the male's X chromatin by covalently modifying the amino terminal tails of histones. The roX1 and roX2 genes are thought to be nucleation sites for assembly and spreading of MSL c... |
12805295 | Connexin 47 (Cx47)-deficient mice with enhanced green fluorescent protein reporter gene reveal predominant oligodendrocytic expression of Cx47 and display vacuolized myelin in the CNS. | To further characterize the recently described gap junction gene connexin 47 (Cx47), we generated Cx47-null mice by replacing the Cx47 coding DNA with an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter gene, which was thus placed under control of the endogenous Cx47 promoter. Homozygous mutant mice were fertile and ... |
12805216 | The B cell-specific major raft protein, Raftlin, is necessary for the integrity of lipid raft and BCR signal transduction. | Recent evidence indicates that membrane microdomains, termed lipid rafts, have a role in B-cell activation as platforms for B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) signal initiation. To gain an insight into the possible functioning of lipid rafts in B cells, we applied liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass sp... |
12801591 | Design of novel peptide ligands which have opioid agonist activity and CCK antagonist activity for the treatment of pain. | Disease states such as neuropathic pain offer special challenges in drug design due to the system changes which accompany these diseases. In this manuscript we provide an example of a new approach to drug design in which we have modified a potent and selective peptide ligand for the CCK-2 receptor to a peptide which ha... |
12801230 | Synthesis and biological evaluation of N1-(anthracen-9-ylmethyl)triamines as molecular recognition elements for the polyamine transporter. | An efficient modular synthesis of N(1)-substituted triamines containing different tether lengths between nitrogen centers was developed. A series of N(1)-(9-anthracenylmethyl)triamines were evaluated for biological activity in L1210 (murine leukemia), alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO)-treated L1210, Chinese hamster ... |
12801226 | Utilization of a beta-aminophosphotyrosyl mimetic in the design and synthesis of macrocyclic Grb2 SH2 domain-binding peptides. | Grb2 SH2 domains are protein-docking modules that exert important functions in both normal and pathogenic signal transduction processes. Development of synthetic Grb2 SH2 domain binding ligands is being pursued by several groups as potential new therapies for a variety of diseases, including certain cancers. In these e... |
12800254 | Identification of RanBMP interacting with Shigella flexneri IpaC invasin by two-hybrid system of yeast. | <h4>Aim</h4>Bacillary dysentery caused by Shigella flexneri is still a threat to human health. Of four invasion plasmid antigen proteins (IpaA,B,C and D), IpaC plays an important role in the pathogenicity of this pathogen. The purpose of this study was to investigate the proteins interacting with IpaC in the host cell ... |
12800248 | Role of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite anion in lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion in rats. | <h4>Aim</h4>To evaluate effects of nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite anion (ONOO(-)) on lung injury following intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) in rats.<h4>Methods</h4>A rat model of intestinal ischemia was made by clamping superior mesenteric artery and lung injury was resulted from reperfusion. The animals were ... |
12799458 | Conditional human VEGF-mediated vascularization in chicken embryos using a novel temperature-inducible gene regulation (TIGR) system. | Advanced heterologous transcription control systems for adjusting desired transgene expression are essential for gene function assignments, drug discovery, manufacturing of difficult to produce protein pharmaceuticals and precise dosing of gene-based therapeutic interventions. Conversion of the Streptomyces albus heat ... |
12799442 | Inactivation of the nod box distal half-site allows tetrameric NodD to activate nodA transcription in an inducer-independent manner. | In Rhizobium leguminosarum, NodD can activate nodA transcription in response to inducer flavonoids. Here, we show that the inducible nodA promoter contains an intrinsic part through which NodD can activate nodA transcription in an inducer-independent manner. Evidence was provided that NodD binds to target DNA through a... |
12799423 | Difference in conformational diversity between nucleic acids with a six-membered 'sugar' unit and natural 'furanose' nucleic acids. | Natural nucleic acids duplexes formed by Watson-Crick base pairing fold into right-handed helices that are classified in two families of secondary structures, i.e. the A- and B-form. For a long time, these A and B allomorphic nucleic acids have been considered as the 'non plus ultra' of double-stranded nucleic acids ge... |
12797813 | Molecular dynamics of a dendrimer-dye guest-host system. | We use molecular dynamics to investigate the instantaneous structure of a fourth generation (dansyl terminated) dendrimer of propylene amine dissolved in CH(2)Cl(2), and of the same system upon the subsequent encapsulation of several eosin Y dyes. Calculations, in a cubic box with up to approximately 3500 solvent molec... |
12797804 | Single side strapping: a new approach to fine tuning the anion recognition properties of calix[4]pyrroles. | Three calix[4]pyrroles bearing m-orcinol-derived diether straps of different lengths on one side of the tetrapyrrolic core have been synthesized and characterized. Structural information for an analogous diester bridged strapped system reported previously (Yoon, D. W.; Hwang, H.; Lee, C. H. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl.... |
12797798 | Construction of giant dendrimers using a tripodal building block. | Giant pentane-soluble organo-silicon dendrimers have been synthesized using a triallylphenol brick according to a new divergent construction that uses a hydrosilylation-nucleophilic substitution sequence up to the ninth generation (G(9)). All the reactions were monitored by (1)H, (13)C, and (29)Si NMR until G(9), indic... |
12797748 | Effect of cyclodextrin glycosyl transferase [corrected] on dough rheology and bread quality from rice flour. | Gluten-free breads are usually characterized by deficient quality characteristics as compared to wheat breads. Problems related to volume and crumb texture are associated with gluten-free breads even when rice flour is used, which seems to be the best raw material for this type of bread. The potential use of cyclodextr... |
12796794 | Low molecular weight heparin for the prevention of hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a prospective phase II study. | We evaluated 40 patients undergoing high-dose chemo/radiotherapy (HDCT) and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) (allogeneic (22), autologous (18)) to determine the safety and feasibility of administering low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) as hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) prophylaxis. Patients receive... |
12796793 | Procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, and endotoxin after bone marrow transplantation: identification of children at high risk of morbidity and mortality from sepsis. | We prospectively evaluated the capacity of serum procalcitonin (PCT), compared with serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and endotoxin, to identify children at high risk for mortality from sepsis after BMT. Of 47 pediatric bone marrow transplantation patients studied, 22 had an uneventful course post-transplant (Gr... |
12795594 | Reaction mechanism of the heterotetrameric (alpha2beta2) E1 component of 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase multienzyme complexes. | Pyruvate decarboxylase (E1) catalyzes the first two reactions of the four involved in oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate by the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) multienzyme complex. It requires thiamin diphosphate to bring about the decarboxylation of pyruvate, which is followed by the reductive acetylation of a lipoyl ... |
12794191 | Virus entry, assembly, budding, and membrane rafts. | As intracellular parasites, viruses rely heavily on the use of numerous cellular machineries for completion of their replication cycle. The recent discovery of the heterogeneous distribution of the various lipids within cell membranes has led to the proposal that sphingolipids and cholesterol tend to segregate in micro... |
12793830 | [Au(CN)4]- as a supramolecular building block for heterobimetallic coordination polymers. | A series of the first coordination polymers using the [Au(CN)(4)](-) anion as a building block has been prepared. The planar tetracyanoaurate anion uses one, two, or four cyano groups to bridge to Ni(II) or Cu(II) centers and exhibits weak Au(III)-N(cyano) interactions between anions. Ni(en)(2)[Au(CN)(4)](2).H(2)O (1, ... |
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