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7556546 | A combination of BDNF and NT-3 promotes supraspinal axonal regeneration into Schwann cell grafts in adult rat thoracic spinal cord. | We previously demonstrated that Schwann cells (SCs) in semipermeable guidance channels promote axonal regeneration in adult rat spinal cord transected at the mid-thoracic level. Propriospinal but not supraspinal axons grew into these channels. Here, we tested the ability of exogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor (... |
7500270 | Inclusion complexation of heptakis(2,6-di-O-ethyl)-beta-cyclodextrin with tiaprofenic acid: pharmacokinetic consequences of a pH-dependent release and stereoselective dissolution. | beta-Cyclodextrin was ethylated at the 2- and 6-hydroxyl positions. Diethyl sulfate was employed as an alkylating reagent. NMR spectra data indicate that heptakis(2,6-di-O-ethyl)-beta-cyclodextrin (DCD) is the principal component of the product obtained. In addition, the FAB mass spectra obtained in nitrobenzyl alcohol... |
7500275 | Preliminary safety evaluation of parenterally administered sulfoalkyl ether beta-cyclodextrin derivatives. | Parenteral administration of beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) results in renal and/or local toxicity dependent on the mode of administration. In an attempt to alleviate these properties, a series of anionically charged sulfoalkyl ether cyclodextrin (SAE-beta-CD) derivatives have been developed. The parenteral safety of thes... |
7557425 | Isolation, sequence and overexpression of the gene encoding NAD-dependent formate dehydrogenase from the methylotrophic yeast Candida methylica. | NAD-dependent formate dehydrogenase (FDH) was isolated from Candida methylica (Cm) grown on 0.5% methanol. Its N-terminal amino acid (aa) sequence was determined, as was that of a commercial FDH from Candida boidinii. Degenerate oligodeoxyribonucleotides were made to the 5' region of the fdh gene from Cm using this inf... |
7583771 | From collagen type I solution to fibers with a helical pattern: a self-assembly phenomenon. | To determine whether collagen solubilized from tendons can regenerate the most relevant characteristics of the tendon supraorganization was the aim of the present study. Extracted and purified collagen in acetic acid solutions subjected to precipitation and extensive dialysis was found to produce gels with rheological ... |
7560195 | Comparison of agar based media for primary isolation of Helicobacter pylori. | <h4>Aims</h4>To determine the best medium for the primary isolation of Helicobacter pylori.<h4>Methods</h4>Sixty six gastric mucosal biopsy specimens frozen in 1 ml Cysteine Albimi media with 20% glycerol from 22 histologically proven H pylori infected patients were cultured on brain heart infusion agar (BHIA) with 7% ... |
7545410 | Engineering a peptide epitope display system on filamentous bacteriophage. | The genome of bacteriophage fd has been engineered to allow foreign amino acid sequences to be displayed in the exposed N-terminal segment of the major coat protein in the virus particle: small peptides can be encoded directly; larger peptides are encoded in hybrid virions, in which wild-type coat protein subunits are ... |
7667312 | Oxidation of cysteine-322 in the repeat domain of microtubule-associated protein tau controls the in vitro assembly of paired helical filaments. | One of the hallmarks of Alzheimer disease is the pathological aggregation of tau protein into paired helical filaments (PHFs) and neurofibrillary tangles. Here we describe the in vitro assembly of recombinant tau protein and constructs derived from it into PHFs. Though whole tau assembled poorly, constructs containing ... |
7667274 | Structural domains of IS10 transposase and reconstitution of transposition activity from proteolytic fragments lacking an interdomain linker. | All of the DNA cleavage and strand transfer events required for transposition of insertion sequence IS10 are carried out by a 46-kDa IS10-encoded transposase protein. Limited proteolysis demonstrates that transposase has two principal structural domains, a 28-kDa N-terminal domain (N alpha beta; aa 1-246) and a 17-kDa ... |
7545295 | Amino-terminal alteration of the HLA-A*0201-restricted human immunodeficiency virus pol peptide increases complex stability and in vitro immunogenicity. | Initial studies suggested that major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted viral epitopes could be predicted by the presence of particular residues termed anchors. However, recent studies showed that nonanchor positions of the epitopes are also significant for class I binding and recognition by cytotoxic T lymp... |
7667106 | The interaction of RepC initiator with iterons in the replication of the broad host-range plasmid RSF1010. | The replication origin of the broad host-range plasmid RSF1010 contains 3.5 copies of a 20mer iteron sequence that bind specifically to the plasmid-encoded initiator, RepC. Here we demonstrated that even a single iteron was bent upon binding of RepC. Moreover, the bending angle seems to become larger along with the inc... |
7667095 | The beta recombinase of plasmid pSM19035 binds to two adjacent sites, making different contacts at each of them. | The beta recombinase from plasmid pSM19035 catalyzes intramolecular site-specific recombination between two directly or inversely oriented six sites in the presence of a chromatin-associated protein (Hbsu, HU or HMG-1). The six site is a DNA segment containing two binding sites (I and II) for beta protein dimers. We sh... |
7667092 | Cleavage of tRNA with imidazole and spermine imidazole constructs: a new approach for probing RNA structure. | Hydrolysis of RNA in imidazole buffer and by spermine-imidazole conjugates has been investigated. The RNA models were yeast tRNA(Asp) and a transcript derived from the 3'-terminal sequence of tobacco mosaic virus RNA representing a minihelix capable of being enzymatically aminoacylated with histidine. Imidazole buffer ... |
7667084 | The secondary structure of guide RNA molecules from Trypanosoma brucei. | RNA editing in kinetoplastid organisms is a mitochondrial RNA processing phenomenon that is characterized by the insertion and deletion of uridine nucleotides into incomplete mRNAs. Key molecules in the process are guide RNAs which direct the editing reaction by virtue of their primary sequences in an RNA-RNA interacti... |
7664877 | Scanning tunnelling microscopy studies of beta-amyloid fibril structure and assembly. | Alzheimer's disease is in part characterised by the deposit of beta-amyloid peptide in the form of fibrils in the brain. In this study, the scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) has been used to provide high resolution images of synthetic fibril structure and formation as a function of time. Short fibrils are observed f... |
7664736 | Rules governing the efficiency and polarity of loading a tracking clamp protein onto DNA: determinants of enhancement in bacteriophage T4 late transcription. | The bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase accessory proteins confer processivity and high speed on replicative DNA chain elongation: the gene 45 protein, gp45, tracks along DNA and serves as the sliding clamp of the viral DNA polymerase; the gene 44/62 protein complex, gp44/62, is an ATP-dependent loading enzyme that mounts ... |
9383459 | Determination of the structure of exochelin MN, the extracellular siderophore from Mycobacterium neoaurum. | <h4>Background</h4>Siderophores are compounds produced by bacteria to acquire iron. Exochelin MN, the extracellular siderophore from Mycobacterium neoaurum, is of particular interest because it has been shown to transport iron into M. leprae, which is responsible for the disease leprosy. Exochelins from other species c... |
9383456 | Biosynthesis of porphyrins and related macrocycles, Part 43. Isolation and characterization of intermediates of coenzyme B12 biosynthesis, a cobyrinic acid triamide, the a,c-diamide and their Co-(5'-deoxy-5'-adenosyl) derivatives, from Propionibacterium shermanii. | <h4>Background</h4>Vitamin B12 is synthesized by many different organisms, for example Pseudomonas denitrificans (aerobic) and Propionibacterium shermanii ('microaerophilic', or essentially anaerobic). The biosynthetic pathways in these two organisms show strong similarities but also some differences. There have been c... |
8527098 | The cyclic depsipeptide backbone of the didemnins. | An X-ray crystal analysis of phi-lactone N-¿1-¿N-¿4-¿[3- hydroxy-5-methyl-1-oxo-4-(N-L-threonylamino)heptyl]- oxy¿-2,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxohexyl¿-L-leucyl¿-L-prolyl¿- N,O-dimethyl-L-tyrosine hydrobromide hydrate (1a), C42H66N5O11+.Br-.H2O, was obtained in order to determine the backbone folding of the macrocycle and to c... |
8527678 | Solvent effects on self-assembly of beta-amyloid peptide. | beta-amyloid peptide (A beta) is the primary protein component of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease patients. Synthetic A beta spontaneously assembles into amyloid fibrils and is neurotoxic to cortical cultures. Neurotoxicity has been associated with the degree of peptide aggregation, yet the mechanism of assembly ... |
8527676 | Pentagon packing models for "all-pentamer" virus structures. | A connection is made between 1) the observed structures of virus capsids whose capsomers are all pentamers and 2) the mathematical problem of determination of the largest size of a given number of equal regular spherical pentagons that can be packed on the surface of the unit sphere without overlapping. It is found tha... |
8527673 | Role of globin moiety in the autoxidation reaction of oxymyoglobin: effect of 8 M urea. | It is in the ferrous form that myoglobin or hemoglobin can bind molecular oxygen reversibly and carry out its function. To understand the possible role of the globin moiety in stabilizing the FeO2 bond in these proteins, we examined the autoxidation rate of bovine heart oxymyoglobin (MbO2) to its ferric met-form (metMb... |
8527660 | Effects of chain unsaturation on the equation of state for lipid monolayers at the air-water interface. | An equation of state for lipid monolayers at the air-water interface is presented, which takes into account the effects of the conformation and the number and position of double bonds of the hydrocarbon chains. The total Hamiltonian of the monolayer is assumed to consist of three terms. Two of them are calculated exact... |
8527656 | Multiple residues specify external tetraethylammonium blockade in voltage-gated potassium channels. | We have mapped residues in the carboxyl half of the P region of a voltage-gated K+ channel that influence external tetraethylammonium (TEA) block. Fifteen amino acids were substituted with cysteine and expressed in oocytes from monomeric or heterodimeric cRNAs. From a total of six mutant channels with altered TEA sensi... |
7497477 | The role of deoxyhexonic acids in the hydrothermal decarboxylation of carbohydrates. | Hydrothermolysis of D-glucose, cellobiose, and beta-cyclodextrin leads to the formation of small amounts of 3-deoxyhexonic acids. These acids are known to be produced by the alkaline degradation of carbohydrates. The formation under neutral hydrothermal conditions of the 3-deoxyhexonic acids provides evidence for the f... |
7486923 | Efficacy of D0870 compared with those of itraconazole and amphotericin B in two murine models of invasive aspergillosis. | D0870 is a novel azole antifungal compound. It was compared with conventional amphotericin B and itraconazole therapy in two murine models of invasive aspergillosis, one a systemic nonimmunocompromised mouse model and the other a temporarily neutropenic mouse respiratory model. D0870 was given orally and achieved measu... |
7487021 | Functional analysis of the threonine- and serine-rich Gp-I domain of glucoamylase I from Aspergillus awamori var. kawachi. | Glucoamylase I (GAI) from Aspergillus awamori var. kawachi hydrolyzes raw starch efficiently and is composed of three functional domains: the amino-terminal catalytic GAI' domain (A-1 to V-469), the threonine- and serine-rich O-glycosylated Gp-I domain (A-470 to V-514), and the carboxy-terminal raw starch-binding Cp do... |
8529622 | Further study on the use of uncharged beta-cyclodextrin polymer in capillary electrophoresis: enantiomeric separation of some alpha-hydroxy acids. | Uncharged beta-cyclodextrin polymer was used as chiral selector for the enantiomeric separation of some alpha-hydroxy acids by capillary electrophoresis. Complexation and enantiomeric resolution of mandelic acid, m-hydroxy and p-hydroxymandelic acid, 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid, as well as 2- and 3-phenyllactic acid wer... |
8545599 | Potentiometric, enantioselective sensors for alkyl and aryl ammonium ions of pharmaceutical significance, based on lipophilic cyclodextrins. | Lipophilic alpha, beta and gamma cyclodextrins (CDs) have been systematically analysed in order to establish their selective binding to onium ions. They have been identified as excellent ionophores for a range of ions of vital importance in clinical, pharmaceutical and forensic analysis. From the results obtained we fo... |
8528763 | Structures of bacterial immunoglobulin-binding domains and their complexes with immunoglobulins. | Three-dimensional structures are now available for several immunoglobulin binding domains from bacterial proteins A, G, and L. X-ray diffraction and NMR experiments on complexes of these domains with portions of immunoglobulins have revealed common structural themes used in these interactions. These data expand our und... |
7594779 | [Prevalence of pertussis in Fukuoka: incidence and MICs of antibiotics for Bordetella pertussis isolate]. | For bacteriological examinations of whooping cough patients, nasopharyngeal specimens were directly inoculated on the cyclodextrin solid medium (CSM) supplemented with 5 micrograms of cephalexin (CEX) per ml. The inoculated plates were cultured in an incubator at 35 degrees C for 3 to 7 days. During the period from 199... |
7591987 | Glycoconjugate expression of chondrocytes and perichondrium during hyaline cartilage development in the rat. | Alterations in the expression of glycoconjugate structures during cartilage development in the chondrocranium, nasal skeleton, Meckel's cartilage, limb buds, vertebral bodies and ribs were investigated comparatively in 13 to 21-d-old rat embryos. The binding patterns of 24 biotinylated lectins were analysed in serial s... |
7586093 | Differential solubilization of lipids along with membrane proteins by different classes of detergents. | Membrane proteins are typically extracted by detergent concentrations of 0.5-2.0%, using detergent/protein ratios of 1:1 to 3:1. We have compared the ability of 14 different detergents from seven different structural and ionic classes, at a concentration of 2.0% and a detergent/protein ratio of 2:1, to extract an integ... |
7579651 | Depletion and replacement of protein metal ligands. | Recently, site-directed mutagenesis has been applied to protein-derived metal ligands in a way that permits the replacement in trans of protein ligands. The chemical diversity of ligands available using this method far exceeds that attainable using standard mutagenesis. Non-conservative ligand replacement can yield nov... |
8535401 | Increase in total blood leukocyte count following intranasal administration of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) in rabbits with cyclophosphamide-induced leukopenia. | We investigated the effects of intranasal (i.n.) administration of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (rhG-CSF) on the total count of leukocytes in peripheral blood (total blood leukocyte count) of rabbits with leukopenia who received cyclophosphamide (CPA). When CPA (30 mg/kg per d) was administe... |
8559558 | Classification of the ophthalmic artery that arises from the middle meningeal artery in Japanese adults. | In a study of Japanese adults, we found that the orbital branch (OB) passing through the superior orbital fissure frequently anastomosed with the lacrimal artery or the ophthalmic artery (12/20). However, the OB passing through the meningo-orbital foramen (mof) only associationaly anastomosed with branches of the ophth... |
7480134 | Comparison of the solid-matrix luminescence properties of benzo(a)pyrene-DNA adducts on alpha-cyclodextrin/NaCl and trehalose/NaCl matrices. | The solid-matrix luminescence properties of (+/-)-trans-7,8-dihydroxy-anti-9, 10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene-DNA ([+/-]-anti-BPDE-DNA) adducts were compared on alpha-cyclodextrin (CD)/NaCl and trehalose/NaCl solid matrices. Both the optimum composition for the solid matrices and the best solvent system were... |
8520481 | Kinetics of interaction of partially folded proteins with a hydrophobic dye: evidence that molten globule character is maximal in early folding intermediates. | Interaction with 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate (ANS) is widely used to detect molten globule states of proteins. We have found that even with stable partially folded states, the development of the fluorescence enhancements resulting from such interactions can be relatively slow and kinetically complex. This is proba... |
8520480 | Urea-induced dissociation and unfolding of dodecameric glutamine synthetase from Escherichia coli: calorimetric and spectral studies. | Urea-induced dissociation and unfolding of manganese.glutamine synthetase (Mn.GS) have been studied at 37 degrees C (pH 7) by spectroscopic and calorimetric methods. In 0 to approximately 2 M urea, Mn.GS retains its dodecameric structure and full catalytic activity. Mn.GS is dissociated into subunits in 6 M urea, as ev... |
8520479 | Control of aggregation in protein refolding: a variety of surfactants promote renaturation of carbonic anhydrase II. | The denaturation and renaturation of carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) has been studied in several laboratories. Both thermodynamic and kinetic evidence support the existence of at least two intermediates between denatured and native protein. Previous studies have shown that on rapid dilution of a CAII solution from 5 M to ... |
8520472 | Hints on the evolutionary design of a dimeric RNase with special bioactions. | Residues P19, L28, C31, and C32 have been implicated (Di Donato A, Cafaro V, D'Alessio G, 1994, J Biol Chem 269:17394-17396; Mazzarella L, Vitagliano L, Zagari A, 1995, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA: forthcoming) with key roles in determining the dimeric structure and the N-terminal domain swapping of seminal RNase. In an att... |
7586097 | Stereospecific labeling of the glycerol moiety: synthesis of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-[3-3H]glycero-3-phospho(1-rac-glycerol). | 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-[3-3H]glycero-3-phospho(1-rac-glycerol) was synthesized from 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol using a new radiosynthetic procedure. 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycerol was oxidized to the corresponding aldehyde using pyridinium dichromate and pyridine. The aldehyde was reduced to the radiolabeled alcohol using tritiated s... |
8523039 | Multiconformational composite molecular potential fields in the analysis of drug action. I. Methodology and first evaluation using 5-HT and histamine action as examples. | The quality of molecular electrostatic maps generated by non-quantum mechanical methods has been improved using extended electron distributions. Further simplification has been achieved by distilling these maps down to their energy extrema. A new means of defining surface interaction has been added and the resulting co... |
7559948 | Human papillomavirus (HPV) type distribution and serological response to HPV type 6 virus-like particles in patients with genital warts. | Thirty-nine patients with condylomas (12 women and 27 men) attending a dermatology clinic were tested for genital human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA and for seroprevalence to HPV type 6 (HPV6) L1 virus-like particles. The L1 consensus PCR system (with primers MY09 and MY11) was used to determine the presence and types of H... |
7559934 | Evaluation of cleaving agents other than trypsin in direct agglutination test for further improving diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. | Trypsin treatment of Leishmania promastigote antigen has proved to be indispensible in the direct agglutination test (DAT) for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). In the present study four antigen batches were prepared with pronase (400 micrograms/ml), lipase (0.45% [wt... |
7556163 | Molecular modelling of the interaction between the catalytic site of pig pancreatic alpha-amylase and amylose fragments. | A stereo chemical refinement of the crystalline complex between porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase and a pseudopentasaccharide from the amylostatin family has been performed through molecular mechanics calculations, using a set of parameters appropriate for protein and protein-carbohydrate interactions. The refinement pr... |
7564031 | [Separate perfusion of upper and lower body under mild hypothermia during operation on the thoracoabdominal aorta]. | During last 7 years, we performed 24 operations on the thoracoabdominal aorta. There were 9 true and 15 dissecting aneurysms. There were two cases of ruptured aneurysm and thoracoabdominal replacement was performed as a last stage operation for total aortic replacement in 4 cases. Three cases with aortic dissection die... |
7479713 | The heat capacity of proteins. | The heat capacity plays a major role in the determination of the energetics of protein folding and molecular recognition. As such, a better understanding of this thermodynamic parameter and its structural origin will provide new insights for the development of better molecular design strategies. In this paper we have a... |
7493084 | Determination of the (R)- and (S)-enantiomers of salsolinol and N-methylsalsolinol by use of a chiral high-performance liquid chromatographic column. | A new method for the quantitative determination of the enantiomers of salsolinol and N-methylsalsolinol, biologically important alkaloids, is reported. The enantiomers were completely separated without derivatization, using a cyclodextrin-modified silica gel column with an HPLC-electrochemical detection system. The HPL... |
7593319 | Protein translation components are colocalized in granules in oligodendrocytes. | The intracellular distribution of various components of the protein translational machinery was visualized in mouse oligodendrocytes in culture using high resolution fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence in conjunction with dual channel confocal laser scanning microscopy. Arginyl-tRNA synthetase, el... |
7551547 | Chromosome elimination in three Baltic, south Pacific and north-east Pacific hagfish species. | We have confirmed that chromosome elimination occurs in the cells of Myxine glutinosa, collected from the Baltic Sea off Sweden, Eptatretus cirrhatus from the south Pacific Ocean off the east coast of New Zealand, and E. stoutii from the north-east Pacific Ocean off Canada, similar to cells of four Japanese hagfish spe... |
7551546 | Barley telomeres are associated with two different types of satellite DNA sequences. | The genomic organization of two different types of satellite DNA sequences was analysed by means of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) in barley. Satellite HvT01 was detected at all chromosome ends except the long arms of chromosomes 2 and 7. The unrelated satellite pA... |
7551545 | Topographic changes in a heterochromatic chromosome block in humans (15P) during formation of the nucleolus. | Fluorescence in situ hybridization and multispectral confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed a highly dynamic nucleolar-associated chromosome 15 satellite III heterochromatin cluster in humans. This nucleolar-associated DNA was highly decondensed at the metaphase plate compared with its topography at interphase and... |
7551544 | Mouse p87wee1 kinase is regulated by M-phase specific phosphorylation. | We have cloned a mouse wee1 kinase cDNA (mwee1). The clone is 2258 bp in length and its open reading frame corresponds to 646 amino acid residues. The molecular weight of this kinase is 87 kDa in SDS-PAGE, which is about 1.7-fold larger than the human p50wee1 kinase reported previously. In a cell cycle, the mouse wee1 ... |
7551543 | Chromosomal evolution in bovids: a comparison of cattle, sheep and goat G- and R-banded chromosomes and cytogenetic divergences among cattle, goat and river buffalo sex chromosomes. | A G- and R-banding comparison of cattle (Bos taurus, 2n = 60), goat (Capra hircus, 2n = 60) and sheep (Ovis aries, 2n = 54) chromosomes at the 450 band level was made. The study revealed a large number of banding homologies among the autosomes of the three species and resolved some ambiguities in arranging some of thei... |
7551542 | Post-zygotic modifications and intra- and inter-individual nucleolar organizing region variations in fish: report of a case involving Leporinus friderici. | Silver nitrate staining, a rapid and efficient method, has proven to be excellent for nucleolar organizing region (NOR) studies in fish. Some fish appear to have only two NOR-bearing chromosomes in their karyotype, whereas others probably have several. In the present study we analyzed the NORs of Leporinus friderici, a... |
7551541 | High frequency of mutagen-induced chromatid exchanges at interstitial telomere-like DNA sequence blocks of Chinese hamster cells. | Interstitial telomere-like DNA sequence arrays of Chinese hamster Don cells were delineated by fluorescence in situ hybridization in quadriradial and triradial chromosome configurations induced by X-rays, mitomycin C and teniposide (VM-26). Around 40% of the scored exchanges involved a telomeric-like block of sequences... |
7551540 | Genome reorganization from polyteny to polyploidy in the nurse cells found in onion fly (Delia antiqua) and cabbage root fly (Delia radicum) ovaries (Diptera, Anthomyiidae). | The material required to ensure successful embryogenesis in the onion fly (Delia antiqua) and the cabbage root fly (Delia radicum) (Diptera, Anthomyiidae) is supplied by 15 nurse cells, while the oocyte chromosomes enter a quiescent stage during prophase I of meiosis. This level of transcription is achieved by the poly... |
7579708 | Ezrin self-association involves binding of an N-terminal domain to a normally masked C-terminal domain that includes the F-actin binding site. | Ezrin is a membrane-cytoskeletal linking protein that is concentrated in actin-rich surface structures. It is closely related to the microvillar proteins radixin and moesin and to the tumor suppressor merlin/schwannomin. Cell extracts contain ezrin dimers and ezrin-moesin heterodimers in addition to monomers. Truncated... |
7592024 | Cooperativity between non-polar and ionic forces in the binding of bacterial cell wall analogues by vancomycin in aqueous solution. | The clinically important glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin binds to bacterial cell wall peptides of Gram-positive bacteria which terminate in -Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala, thereby inhibiting cell wall synthesis resulting in cell death. We have removed the N-terminal leucine residue of vancomycin by an Edman degradation and acylat... |
7659521 | Structure-function analysis of the DNA binding domain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ABF1. | To localize the DNA binding domain of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ars binding factor 1 (ABF1), a multifunctional DNA binding protein, plasmid constructs carrying point mutations and internal deletions in the ABF1 gene were generated and expressed in Escherichia coli. Normal and mutant ABF1 proteins were purified by af... |
7658470 | Structural organization and assembly of flagellar hook protein from Salmonella typhimurium. | The terminal regions of monomeric hook protein from Salmonella typhimurium are known to be highly mobile and exposed to the solvent. Although hook protein exhibits an unusual far-UV circular dichroism spectrum, resembling that of random coil structures, our calorimetric experiments clearly demonstrate that the molecule... |
7656985 | Molecular interactions of the redox-active accessory chlorophyll on the electron-donor side of photosystem II as studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. | A Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) difference spectrum upon photooxidation of the accessory chlorophyll (Chlz) of photosystem II (PS II) was obtained at 210 K with Mn-depleted PS II membranes in the presence of fericyanide and silicomolybdate. The observed Chlz+/Chlz spectrum showed two differential bands at 1747/1736... |
7656568 | Modulation of synaptic transmission at low temperatures by hibernation-related changes in ionic microenvironment in hippocampal slices of golden hamsters. | In hamsters, the entrance into hibernation is associated with a respiratory acidosis and elevation of the blood plasma concentrations of potassium, calcium, and magnesium. To investigate the effects of presumed hibernation-related ionic changes in the brain interstitium on neuronal function, the transmission properties... |
7656271 | Superantigen-staphylococcal-enterotoxin-A-dependent and antibody-targeted lysis of GD2-positive neuroblastoma cells. | Superantigens such as the staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) are among the most potent T cell activators known. They bind to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules and interact with T cells depending on their T cell receptor (TCR) V beta expression. Superantigens also induce a variety of cytokines an... |
7650027 | Comparison of the reactivity of tetradecenoic acids, a triacsin, and unsaturated oximes with four purified Saccharomyces cerevisiae fatty acid activation proteins. | Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains at least five acyl-CoA synthetases (fatty acid activation proteins, or Faaps). Four FAA genes have been recovered to date. Recent genetic studies indicate that Faa1p and Faa4p are involved in the activation of imported fatty acids, while Faa2p activates endogenous pools of fatty acids.... |
7649284 | Proposed cation-pi mediated binding by factor Xa: a novel enzymatic mechanism for molecular recognition. | Factor Xa (FXa) is an important serine protease in the blood coagulation cascade. Small synthetic competitive inhibitors of FXa are under development as potential anticoagulants. To better understand FXa structural features and molecular recognition mechanisms, we have constructed three dimensional models of FXa-inhibi... |
7647088 | Reaction of ferric leghemoglobin with H2O2: formation of heme-protein cross-links and dimeric species. | Ferric leghemoglobin in the presence of H2O2 is known to give rise to protein radicals, at least one of which is centred on a tyrosine residue. These radicals are quenched by at least two processes. The first one involves an intramolecular heme-protein cross-link probably involving the tyrosine radical; this leads to t... |
7646886 | The limbic system-associated membrane protein is an Ig superfamily member that mediates selective neuronal growth and axon targeting. | The formation of brain circuits requires molecular recognition between functionally related neurons. We report the cloning of a molecule that participates in these interactions. The limbic system-associated membrane protein (LAMP) is an immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily member with 3 Ig domains and a glycosyl-phosphatidy... |
7646463 | Elimination of glycosylation heterogeneity affecting heparin affinity of recombinant human antithrombin III by expression of a beta-like variant in baculovirus-infected insect cells. | In order to promote homogeneity of recombinant antithrombin III interactions with heparin, an asparagine-135 to alanine substitution mutant was expressed in baculovirus-infected insect cells. The N135A variant does not bear an N-linked oligosaccharide on residue 135 and is therefore similar to the beta isoform of plasm... |
7646442 | Equilibrium and pre-equilibrium fluorescence spectroscopic studies of the binding of a single-immunoglobulin-binding domain derived from protein G to the Fc fragment from human IgG1. | A single-immunoglobulin-binding protein based upon the C2 domain of Protein G from Streptococcus has been shown to bind tightly to the Fc fragment of IgG1. The binding interaction results in a decrease in the fluorescence intensity from the sole Trp residue (Trp-48) in this domain. This spectral change has been used to... |
7646433 | A subunit interface mutant of yeast pyruvate kinase requires the allosteric activator fructose 1,6-bisphosphate for activity. | A variant form of yeast pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40) with Ser-384 mutated to proline has been engineered in order to study the allosteric properties of this enzyme. Both the mutant and wild-type enzymes were overexpressed in a strain of yeast in which the genomic copy of the pyruvate kinase gene had been disrupted by ... |
7644502 | The biosynthetic gene cluster for the polyketide immunosuppressant rapamycin. | The macrocyclic polyketides rapamycin and FK506 are potent immunosuppressants that prevent T-cell proliferation through specific binding to intracellular protein receptors (immunophilins). The cloning and specific alteration of the biosynthetic genes for these polyketides might allow the biosynthesis of clinically valu... |
7644498 | The WW domain of Yes-associated protein binds a proline-rich ligand that differs from the consensus established for Src homology 3-binding modules. | The WW domain has previously been described as a motif of 38 semiconserved residues found in seemingly unrelated proteins, such as dystrophin, Yes-associated protein (YAP), and two transcriptional regulators, Rsp-5 and FE65. The molecular function of the WW domain has been unknown until this time. Using a functional sc... |
7644474 | 7-Chloro-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine S,S-dioxide (IDRA 21), a congener of aniracetam, potently abates pharmacologically induced cognitive impairments in patas monkeys. | We report here on the ability of IDRA 21 and aniracetam, two negative allosteric modulators of glutamate-induced DL-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor desensitization, to attenuate alprazolam-induced learning deficit in patas monkeys working in a complex behavioral task. In one com... |
7642705 | Mechanochemistry of protein 4.1's spectrin-actin-binding domain: ternary complex interactions, membrane binding, network integration, structural strengthening. | Mechanical strength of the red cell membrane is dependent on ternary interactions among the skeletal proteins, spectrin, actin, and protein 4.1. Protein 4.1's spectrin-actin-binding (SAB) domain is specified by an alternatively spliced exon encoding 21 amino acid (aa) and a constitutive exon encoding 59 aa. A series of... |
7642492 | Identification and characterization of a locus which regulates multiple functions in Pseudomonas tolaasii, the cause of brown blotch disease of Agaricus bisporus. | Pseudomonas tolaasii, the causal agent of brown blotch disease of Agaricus bisporus, spontaneously gives rise to morphologically distinct stable sectors, referred to as the phenotypic variant form, at the margins of the wild-type colonies. The phenotypic variant form is nonpathogenic and differs from the wild type in a... |
7641702 | Two mutations in the HMG-box with very different structural consequences provide insights into the nature of binding to four-way junction DNA. | Mutation of the highly conserved tryptophan residue in the A-domain HMG-box of HMG1 largely, but not completely, destroys the protein tertiary structure and abolishes its supercoiling ability, but does not abolish structure-specific DNA binding to four-way junctions. Circular dichroism shows that the protein has some r... |
7641701 | A novel DNA binding and nuclease activity in domain III of Mu transposase: evidence for a catalytic region involved in donor cleavage. | The Mu A protein is a 75 kDa transposase organized into three structural domains. By severing the C-terminal region (domain III) from the remainder of the protein, we unmasked a novel non-specific DNA binding and nuclease activity in this region. Deletion analysis localized both activities to a 26 amino acid stretch (a... |
7641690 | Reduction of coproporphyrinogen oxidase level by antisense RNA synthesis leads to deregulated gene expression of plastid proteins and affects the oxidative defense system. | A full-length cDNA sequence encoding coproporphyrinogen oxidase was inserted in inverse orientation behind a CaMV promoter and transferred to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) by standard transformation techniques. Transformants showed reduced coproporphyrinogen oxidase activity and accumulation of photosensitive coproporphy... |
7640276 | Substrate-length-dependent activities of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase in vitro: differential DNA binding affinities associated with different lengths of substrates. | Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase (HIV-IN) is an enzyme essential for the integration of viral DNA into the host chromosome, a process that is an attractive target for drug development. In vitro assays have been developed to study both components of the integration process, the 3'-processing and strand tran... |
7543770 | Tumour vasculature--a potential therapeutic target. | The tumour vasculature is vital for the establishment, growth and metastasis of solid tumours. Its physiological properties limit the effectiveness of conventional anti-cancer strategies. Therapeutic approaches directed at the tumour vasculature are reviewed, suggesting the potential of anti-angiogenesis and the target... |
7639708 | The binding of animal low-density lipoproteins to human apolipoprotein(a). | Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a risk factor for coronary artery disease. It is composed of lipids and apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] linked to apolipoprotein B (apoB) by a disulphide bond between Cys-4057 of apo(a)'s kringle 36 and possibly Cys-3734 of apoB. We call this the covalent apo(a): apoB-Lp interaction, to distinguish... |
7543737 | Repetitive mechanical strain suppresses macrophage uptake of immunoglobulin G complexes and enhances cyclic adenosine monophosphate synthesis. | Uptake of immunoglobulin G (IgG) complexes by macrophages (M phi) may play an important role in disease states characterized by increased levels of circulating immune complexes. In sites such as the glomerular mesangium M phi may be subjected to repetitive mechanical strain, although in vitro studies of M phi endocytos... |
7543736 | Qualitative alterations in laminin expression in experimental lupus nephritis. | Previous studies have revealed quantitative alterations in laminin-1 expression at the mRNA and protein levels during the development of glomerulonephritis and glomerulosclerosis in chronic graft-versus-host disease in mice, a model for lupus nephritis. We have now studied the qualitative alterations in laminin express... |
7638753 | Postinjury neutrophil priming and activation: an early vulnerable window. | <h4>Background</h4>Generation of extracellular, cytotoxic superoxide anion (O2-) by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) contributes to an unbridled inflammatory response that can precipitate multiple organ failure (MOF). Release of O2- is markedly enhanced when activated PMNs have been previously "primed" by inflammat... |
7638213 | Older plasma lipoproteins are more susceptible to oxidation: a linking mechanism for the lipid and oxidation theories of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. | Increases in plasma cholesterol are associated with progressive increases in the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In humans plasma cholesterol is contained primarily in apolipoprotein B-based low density lipoprotein (LDL). Cells stop making the high-affinity receptor responsible for LDL removal as they b... |
7638198 | Carbohydrate gluing, an architectural mechanism in the supramolecular structure of an annelid giant hemoglobin. | We report a carbohydrate-dependent supramolecular architecture in the extracellular giant hemoglobin (Hb) from the marine worm Perinereis aibuhitensis; we call this architectural mechanism carbohydrate gluing. This study is an extension of our accidental discovery of deterioration in the form of the Hb caused by a high... |
7543542 | Characterization of HLA-A 0201-restricted cytotoxic T cell epitopes in conserved regions of the HIV type 1 gp160 protein. | CTL activity is a major component of the host immune response associated with control of HIV replication in the course of infection. Emerging populations of HIV overcome the protective effector mechanisms with variant sequences unrecognized by CTL. Therefore, a critical element for containment of virus spread might be ... |
7635971 | Identification of an idiotypic peptide recognized by autoantibodies in human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected individuals. | Antibodies against HIV-1 proteins in HIV-1-infected individuals share a cross-reactive idiotype defined by the monoclonal antiidiotypic antibody 1F7 (5). Using a computer algorithm based on the molecular recognition theory, regions of inverse hydropathy between the variable sequence of 1F7 and human monoclonal anti-HIV... |
7635833 | Fine-structure deletion analysis of the transcriptional silencer of the proU operon of Salmonella typhimurium. | Transcriptional control of the osmotically regulated proU operon of Salmonella typhimurium is mediated in part by a transcriptional silencer downstream from the promoter (D.G. Overdier and L.N. Csonka, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:3140-3144, 1992). We carried out a fine-structure deletion analysis to determine the str... |
7635821 | Comparison of a fungal (family I) and bacterial (family II) cellulose-binding domain. | A family II cellulose-binding domain (CBD) of an exoglucanase/xylanase (Cex) from the bacterium Cellulomonas fimi was replaced with the family I CBD of cellobiohydrolase I (CbhI) from the fungus Trichoderma reesei. Expression of the hybrid gene in Escherichia coli yielded up to 50 mg of the hybrid protein, CexCBDCbhI, ... |
7632695 | Berenil [1,3-bis(4'-amidinophenyl)triazene] binding to DNA duplexes and to a RNA duplex: evidence for both intercalative and minor groove binding properties. | Berenil is an antitrypanosomal agent that binds to nucleic acid duplexes. The generally accepted mode of berenil binding is via complexation into the minor groove of AT-rich domains of DNA double helices. We find that berenil can bind to RNA as well as DNA duplexes, while exhibiting properties characteristic of both in... |
7623821 | Regulation of Gax homeobox gene transcription by a combination of positive factors including myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2. | Homeobox-containing genes play an essential role in basic processes during embryogenesis and development, but little is known about the regulation of their expression. To elucidate regulatory networks that govern homeobox gene expression, we defined the core promoter of the mouse Gax homeobox gene and characterized its... |
7623820 | RelA is a potent transcriptional activator of the CD28 response element within the interleukin 2 promoter. | T-cell activation requires two different signals. The T-cell receptor's recognition of a specific antigen on antigen-presenting cells provides one, and the second signal comes from costimulatory molecules such as CD28. In contrast, T cells that are stimulated with antigen in the absence of the CD28 costimulatory signal... |
7609094 | Effect of amino acid substitutions on calmodulin binding and cytolytic properties of the LLP-1 peptide segment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmembrane protein. | Previous studies have identified two highly basic amphipathic helical regions in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmembrane protein that, in vitro, display both cytolytic and calmodulin-binding and -inhibitory properties that could contribute to cellular dysfunctions and cytopathogenesis during a persistent ... |
7577231 | Evidence for amelogenin "nanospheres" as functional components of secretory-stage enamel matrix. | Amelogenins are the principal proteins of the extracellular matrix of developing dental enamel and are postulated to function in the processes of biomineralization of the developing tooth although the molecular mechanisms concerned are poorly understood. Recent imaging studies, employing dynamic light scattering, atomi... |
7577226 | Architecture and polymorphism of fibrillar supramolecular assemblies produced by in vitro aggregation of human calcitonin. | The human calcitonin (hCT) peptide hormone has a marked tendency to aggregate in aqueous solutions and to form long, thin fibrillar aggregates resulting in viscous and turbid dispersions. In this study, the in vitro aggregation products of hCT were systematically investigated using conventional transmission electron mi... |
7552234 | Aggregation of insulin and its prevention by carbohydrate excipients. | Aggregation of peptide/protein drugs is of concern as it may lead to reduced bioactivity, immunogenic reactions, blockage of infusion pumps or unacceptable physical appearance. Aggregation of insulin and its prevention by carbohydrate excipients was investigated in this study. Aggregation was induced in solid-state by ... |
7553575 | Human antiprotozoal therapy: past, present, and future. | Human protozoal infections are ubiquitous and occur worldwide. In many cases, antiprotozoal agents currently in use predate the modern antibiotic era. Despite the relative lag in development of new antiprotozoal agents, the 1990s have witnessed an increasing level of interest in these infections, inspired by internatio... |
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