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8923319 | Pharmaceutical applications of cyclodextrins. 2. In vivo drug delivery. | The objective of this Review is to summarize and critique recent findings and applications of both unmodified and modified cyclodextrins for in vivo drug delivery. This review focuses on the use of cyclodextrins for parenteral, oral, ophthalmic, and nasal drug delivery. Other routes including dermal, rectal, and pulmon... |
8922379 | F-actin sequesters elongation factor 1alpha from interaction with aminoacyl-tRNA in a pH-dependent reaction. | The machinery of eukaryotic protein synthesis is found in association with the actin cytoskeleton. A major component of this translational apparatus, which is involved in the shuttling of aa-tRNA, is the actin-binding protein elongation factor 1alpha (EF-1alpha). To investigate the consequences for translation of the i... |
8921010 | Type VIII collagen is a product of vascular smooth-muscle cells in development and disease. | Type VIII collagen is a short-chain collagen with considerable similarity to type X collagen. We have generated chain-specific antibodies to the alpha 1 and alpha 2 chains of type VIII collagen, and used them as probes to examine the synthesis of type VIII collagen by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). In addition, c... |
8920996 | Divergent effects of alpha 1-antitrypsin on the regulation of iron metabolism in human erythroleukaemic (K562) and myelomonocytic (THP-1) cells. | The acute-phase protein alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) has been shown to inhibit the binding of transferrin to its cell-surface receptor. Here we demonstrate that in human erythroleukaemic cells (K562) alpha 1-AT enhances the binding affinity of iron-regulatory protein (IRP), the central regulator of cellular iron me... |
8920971 | Expression of recombinant rat myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase B suggests a regulatory role for its N-terminus. | We have expressed rat myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) 3-kinase B as both a full-length, recombinant, non-fusion protein and a full-length, recombinant, fusion protein with maltose-binding protein (MBP) in Escherichia coli. The fusion protein with MBP is soluble, binds calmodulin and is enzymically active whereas... |
8918601 | Recognition of a surface loop of the lipoyl domain underlies substrate channelling in the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex. | In the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex of Bacillus stearothermophilus, the interaction between the pyruvate decarboxylase (E1p) component and the lipoyl domain of the dihydrolipoyl acetyltransferase (E2) component was investigated using a combination of site-directed mutagenesis and NMR spectroscopy. Residue... |
8918475 | The expression of E.coli threonyl-tRNA synthetase is regulated at the translational level by symmetrical operator-repressor interactions. | Threonyl-tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli represses the translation of its own mRNA by binding to the operator region located upstream from the ribosome binding site. The operator contains two stemloop structures which interact specifically with the homodimeric enzyme. Here, we provide in vitro and in vivo evidenc... |
8917655 | 6-phenyl-1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives as potent and selective A3 adenosine receptor antagonists. | An approach to designing dihydropyridines that bind to adenosine receptors without binding to L-type calcium channels has been described. 1,4-Dihydropyridine derivatives substituted with beta-styryl or phenylethynyl groups at the 4-position and aryl groups at the 6-position were synthesized and found to be selective fo... |
8917525 | Systematic derivation of partition functions for ligand binding to two-dimensional lattices. | The Ising problem consists in finding the analytical solution of the partition function of a lattice once the interaction geometry among its elements is specified. No general analytical solution is available for this problem, except for the one-dimensional case. Using site-specific thermodynamics, it is shown that the ... |
8917523 | Chiral molecular self-assembly of phospholipid tubules: a circular dichroism study. | We report on spectroscopic studies of the chiral structure in phospholipid tubules formed in mixtures of alcohol and water. Synthetic phospholipids containing diacetylenic moieties in the acyl chains self-assemble into hollow, cylindrical tubules in appropriate conditions. Circular dichroism provides a direct measure o... |
8916455 | Use of infrared multiphoton photodissociation with SWIFT for electrospray ionization and laser desorption applications in a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. | Infrared multiphoton photodissociation (IRMPD) is combined with stored wave form inverse Fourier transforms (SWIFT) to effect dissociation and ion ejection in a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. The application of IRMPD to the structural characterization of biochemical ions generated by chemical ionization and ele... |
8916452 | Bifunctional fusion proteins of calmodulin and protein A as affinity ligands in protein purification and in the study of protein-protein interactions. | An affinity chromatography system is described that incorporates a genetically designed bifunctional affinity ligand. The utility of the system in protein purification and in the study of protein-protein interactions is demonstrated by using the interaction between protein A and the heat shock protein DnaK as a model s... |
8913752 | Subunit interactions in the mariner transposase. | We have studied the Mos1 transposase encoded by the transposable element mariner. This-transposase is a member of the "D,D(35)E" superfamily of proteins exhibiting the motif D,D(34)D. It is not known whether this transposase, or other eukaryote transposases manifesting the D,D(35)E domain, functions in a multimeric for... |
8913739 | SGS1, a homologue of the Bloom's and Werner's syndrome genes, is required for maintenance of genome stability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. | The Saccharomyces cerevisiae SGS1 gene is homologous to Escherichia coli RecQ and the human BLM and WRN proteins that are defective in the cancer-prone disorder Bloom's syndrome and the premature aging disorder Werner's syndrome, respectively. While recQ mutants are deficient in conjugational recombination and DNA repa... |
8913627 | Sialyl Lewis(x)/E-selectin-mediated rolling in a cell-free system. | Selections mediate transient adhesion of neutrophils to stimulated endothelial cells at sites of inflammation by binding counter-receptors that present carbohydrates such as sialyl Lewis(x). We have developed a cell-free adhesion assay using sialyl Lewis(x)-coated microspheres and E-selection-IgG chimera-coated substra... |
8913624 | Effect of receptor-ligand affinity on the strength of endothelial cell adhesion. | The objective of this study was to determine the effect of receptor-ligand affinity on the strength of endothelial cell adhesion. Linear and cyclic forms of the fibronectin (Fn) cell-binding domain peptide Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) were covalently immobilized to glass, and Fn was adsorbed onto glass slides. Bovine aortic endot... |
8913620 | Crystal structures of thrombin with thiazole-containing inhibitors: probes of the S1' binding site. | Structures of the blood clotting enzyme thrombin complexed with hirugen and two active site inhibitors, RWJ-50353 10080(N-methyl-D-phenylalanyl-N-[5-[(aminoiminomethyl)amino]-1- [[(2-benzothiazolyl)carbonyl]butyl]-L-prolinamide trifluoroacetate hydrate) and RWJ-50215 (N-[4-(aminoiminomethyl)amino-1-[2- (thiazol-2-ylcar... |
8913610 | Direct inhibition of the actomyosin motility by local anesthetics in vitro. | Using a recently developed in vitro motility assay, we have demonstrated that local anesthetics directly inhibit myosin-based movement of single actin filaments in a reversible dose-dependent manner. This is the first reported account of the actions of local anesthetics on purified proteins at the molecular level. In t... |
8913608 | Electrical manipulation of glycan-phosphatidyl inositol-tethered proteins in planar supported bilayers. | Electric fields have been used to manipulate and concentrate glycan-phosphatidyl inositol (GPI)-tethered proteins in planar supported bilayers. Naturally GPI-linked CD48, along with engineered forms of I-Ek and B7-2, in which their transmembrane domains have been genetically replaced with the GPI linkage, were studied.... |
8913598 | Aggregation of phospholipid vesicles by water-soluble polymers. | Water-soluble polymers such as dextran and polyethylene glycol are known to induce aggregation and size growth of phospholipid vesicles. The present study addresses the dependence of these processes on vesicle size and concentration, polymer molecular weight, temperature, and compartmentalization of the vesicles and po... |
8913572 | Structural and functional reconstitution of thin filaments in the contractile apparatus of cardiac muscle. | The muscle contractile apparatus has a highly ordered liquid crystalline structure. The molecular mechanism underlying the formation of this apparatus remains, however, to be elucidated. Selective removal and reconstitution of the components are useful means of examining this mechanism. In addition, this approach is a ... |
8913202 | Admission base deficit predicts transfusion requirements and risk of complications. | <h4>Background</h4>Trauma center resource management could be facilitated by a readily available indicator of resource consumption. This marker should identify patients more likely to require transfusion and intensive care services and to develop complications. Base deficit (BD) has been shown to be a valuable indicato... |
8912535 | Preparation, characterisation and tumour targeting of cross-linked divalent and trivalent anti-tumour Fab' fragments. | The monoclonal anti-CEA antibody, A5B7, has previously been administered to patients for radioimmunotherapy (RIT). Long circulation time and the formation of an immune response have limited therapeutic success in the clinic. Antibody fragments can be used to reduce the in vivo circulation time, but the best combination... |
8910568 | Carboxymethylation of MutS-cysteine-15 specifically inactivates adenosylcobalamin-dependent glutamate mutase. Examination of the role of this residue in coenzyme-binding and catalysis. | The sensitivity of adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl)-dependent glutamate mutase toward thiol-directed reagents has been investigated. Iodoacetate specifically alkylates one cysteine residue, Cys-15, in MutS with concomitant irreversible loss of enzyme activity. Cys-15 lies between the conserved residues Asp-14 and His-16, tha... |
8910326 | Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin-mediated efflux of 7-ketocholesterol from macrophage foam cells. | Atherosclerosis involves the arterial accumulation of lipid-laden "foam cells" containing oxidized and unoxidized sterols and their esters (Mattsson-Hulten, L., Lindmark, H., Diczfalusy, U., Bjorkhem, I., Ottosson, M., Liu, Y., Bondjers, G., and Wiklund, O. (1996) J. Clin. Invest. 97, 461-8). Oxidized sterols are proba... |
8909539 | In vivo phosphorylation of adaptors regulates their interaction with clathrin. | The coat proteins of clathrin-coated vesicles (CCV) spontaneously self-assemble in vitro, but, in vivo, their self-assembly must be regulated. To determine whether phosphorylation might influence coat formation in the cell, the in vivo phosphorylation state of CCV coat proteins was analyzed. Individual components of th... |
8896425 | Activation of A3 adenosine receptors on human eosinophils elevates intracellular calcium. | Adenosine (ADO) is a potent bronchoconstrictor in allergic patients and has been shown to increase the release of histamine from human lung tissues. Antagonists of ADO A1 and A2A receptors are not effective in attenuating these effects. Therefore, involvement of ADO A3 receptors in the bronchoconstrictor and/or inflamm... |
8896356 | HPLC of structural isomers with cyclodextrin-poly(vinylamine)-coated silica columns, Part I: Synthesis and characterization of cyclodextrin-bonded stationary phases by NMR solid state. | Different supports for high-performance liquid chromatography are prepared by using the coating technology. These supports are based on silica beads coated with a beta-cyclodextrin-containing poly(vinylamine). Surface area, pore size distribution, and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance are used for the characteriza... |
8892958 | Transmission of feline immunodeficiency virus in domestic cats via artificial insemination. | The objective of this study was to determine whether semen from male domestic cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) can transmit virus to females. Twelve inseminations were performed by an intrauterine laparoscopic technique with fresh or cryopreserved electroejaculates from asymptomatic males chronica... |
8892951 | Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capsid formation in reticulocyte lysates. | The Gag polyprotein of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (Pr55Gag) contains sufficient information to direct particle assembly events when expressed within tissue culture cells. HIV Gag proteins normally form particles at a plasma membrane assembly site, in a manner analogous to that of the type C avian and mammalian ... |
8892939 | Possible involvement of double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase in cell death by influenza virus infection. | We reported previously that influenza virus infection induces the apoptotic death of HeLa cells associated with activation of the Fas gene. In this report, we show that transfection with a PKR having a point mutation in the catalytic domain of K at 296 to R suppressed both the augmented expression of Fas and cell death... |
8892924 | Insufficient levels of NFIII and its low affinity for the origin of adenovirus type 12 (Ad12) DNA replication contribute to the abortive infection of BHK21 hamster cells by Ad12. | Human adenovirus type 12 (Ad12) induces undifferentiated sarcomas in neonate Syrian hamsters and hence presents a suitable model for studies of the molecular mechanism of viral oncogenesis. Since we submit that an understanding of the early steps in the interaction between Ad12 and hamster cells might shed light on the... |
8892898 | Identification of a gag-encoded cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitope from FBL-3 leukemia shared by Friend, Moloney, and Rauscher murine leukemia virus-induced tumors. | FBL-3 is a highly immunogenic murine leukemia of C57BL/6 origin induced by Friend murine leukemia virus (MuLV). Immunization of C57BL/6 mice with FBL-3 readily elicits CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) capable of lysing FBL-3 as well as syngeneic leukemias induced by Moloney and Rauscher MuLV. The aim of this current ... |
8892870 | DNA encapsidation by viruslike particles assembled in insect cells from the major capsid protein VP1 of B-lymphotropic papovavirus. | Capsids of polyomaviruses--small, nonenveloped DNA viruses--consist of the major structural protein VP1 and the minor structural proteins VP2 and VP3. The contributions of the individual capsid proteins to functions of the viral particle, such as DNA encapsidation, cell receptor attachment, entry, and uncoating, are st... |
8892869 | Residue Trp-48 of Tva is critical for viral entry but not for high-affinity binding to the SU glycoprotein of subgroup A avian leukosis and sarcoma viruses. | Previously, mutant Tva receptors were classified as either partially or completely defective in mediating subgroup A avian leukosis and sarcoma virus (ALSV-A) entry (C. Bélanger, K. Zingler, and J. A. T. Young, J. Virol. 69:1019-1024, 1995; K. Zingler, C. Bélanger, R. Peters, D. Agard, and J. A. T. Young, J. Virol. 69:... |
8892866 | The oncoprotein Tax of the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 activates transcription via interaction with cellular ATF-1/CREB factors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. | The transcription factor Tax of the oncogenic human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 is likely to be responsible for viral replication in the host organism and for the induction of proliferation in infected cells. To investigate Tax-mediated transcription in vivo, we expressed Tax as well as CREB in Saccharomyces cerevisia... |
8892857 | Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibits entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 into primary human macrophages: a selective role for the 75-kilodalton receptor. | The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) is readily detected after human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of primary macrophages in vitro and is present in plasma and tissues of patients with AIDS. Previous studies have shown that human recombinant TNFalpha (hrTNFalpha) enhance... |
8892853 | A source of glycosylated human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 envelope protein: expression of gp46 by the vaccinia virus/T7 polymerase system. | Heterologous expression of the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) envelope surface glycoprotein (gp46) in a vaccinia virus/T7 polymerase system resulted in the production of authentic recombinant gp46. Five differentially glycosylated forms of the surface envelope protein were produced by this mammalian sy... |
8892835 | The DnrN protein of Streptomyces peucetius, a pseudo-response regulator, is a DNA-binding protein involved in the regulation of daunorubicin biosynthesis. | DnrN, a protein essential for the transcription of the dnrI gene, which in turn activates transcription of the daunorubicin biosynthesis genes in Streptomyces peucetius, was overproduced in Escherichia coli and S. peucetius. The cell-free extract from E. coli was used to conduct DNA-binding assays. The results of gel m... |
8892828 | Molecular analysis of a beta-lactam resistance gene encoded within the cephamycin gene cluster of Streptomyces clavuligerus. | A Streptomyces clavuligerus gene (designated pcbR) which is located immediately downstream from the gene encoding isopenicillin N synthase in the cephamycin gene cluster was characterized. Nucleotide sequence analysis and database searching of PcbR identified a significant similarity between PcbR and proteins belonging... |
8887658 | Rolling-circle replication of mitochondrial DNA in the higher plant Chenopodium album (L.). | The mitochondrial genomes of higher plants are larger and more complex than those of all other groups of organisms. We have studied the in vivo replication of chromosomal and plasmid mitochondrial DNAs prepared from a suspension culture and whole plants of the dicotyledonous higher plant Chenopodium album (L.). Electro... |
8887633 | Signal-induced degradation of I(kappa)B(alpha): association with NF-kappaB and the PEST sequence in I(kappa)B(alpha) are not required. | Signal-induced degradation of I(kappa)B(alpha) via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway requires phosphorylation on residues serine 32 and serine 36 followed by ubiquitination on lysines 21 and 22. We investigated the role of other regions of I(kappa)B(alpha) which may be involved in its degradation. Here we report that th... |
8875854 | Chiral symmetry breaking during the self-assembly of monolayers from achiral purine molecules. | Scanning tunneling microscopy was used to investigate the structure of the two-dimensional adsorbate formed by molecular self-assembly of the purine base, adenine, on the surfaces of the naturally occurring mineral molybdenite and the synthetic crystal highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. Although formed from adenine, w... |
9159234 | Structure-function relationship in the IL-1 family. | The interleukin 1 (IL-1) family is a group of related cytokines including two agonist proteins (IL-1alpha and IL-1beta), each derived by enzymatic cleavage of precursor proteins (pro-IL-1alpha and pro-IL-1beta), and three forms of an antagonist protein (IL-1ra, icIL-1raI, icIL-1raII). IL-1 plays a key role in the onset... |
20686886 | An approach to global fold determination using limited NMR data from larger proteins selectively protonated at specific residue types. | A combination of calculation and experiment is used to demonstrate that the global fold of larger proteins can be rapidly determined using limited NMR data. The approach involves a combination of heteronuclear triple resonance NMR experiments with protonation of selected residue types in an otherwise completely deutera... |
17309695 | Canine subglottic stenosis as a model for excessive fibrosis: a pilot histologic and immunohistochemical analysis. | We propose that the canine subglottic stenosis model can be used to investigate the pathophysiologic characteristics of excessive fibrosis. Submucosal and cartilaginous subglottic laser injuries in 22 dogs were created to compare normal wound healing with canine subglottic stenosis formation, human subglottic stenosis,... |
11667692 | Novel Syntheses of N-Pivot Lariat Diaza-Crown Ethers from 4,13-Bis(benzotriazolylmethyl)-4,13-diaza-1,7,10,16-tetraoxacyclooctadecane. | 4,13-Bis(benzotriazolylmethyl)-4,13-diaza-1,7,10,16-tetraoxacyclooctadecane (6) was synthesized as a versatile intermediate in the preparation of bis(lariats) of diaza-18-crown-6. N,N'-Bis(umbelliferon-8-ylmethyl) derivative 8, bis(lariats) with terminal unsaturated groups (11c,e), ester functionalities (11d), N,N'-di-... |
11667691 | Synthesis of New N-Pivot Lariat Crown Ethers Containing a Propylene Linkage in the Side Arm. | A series of new 15- and 18-membered N-pivot lariat aza-crown ethers having a propylene linkage in the side arm was prepared starting from functionalized diethanolamines and functionalized lariat aza-crown ethers containing the easily modified benzotriazole moiety. Addition reactions of such derivatives to electron-rich... |
11667685 | Synthesis of Linear Amphipathic Porphyrin Dimers and Trimers: An Approach to Bilayer Lipid Membrane Spanning Porphyrin Arrays. | A modular building-block approach has been developed for the construction of linear amphipathic porphyrin arrays. The reaction of meso-(trifluoromethyl)dipyrromethane and an aldehyde under the conditions of the two-step room temperature porphyrin synthesis affords the trans-substituted porphyrin (13-56% yields). A simi... |
11667660 | Novel Dendritic alpha-Sialosides: Synthesis of Glycodendrimers Based on a 3,3'-Iminobis(propylamine) Core. | The cluster or multivalent effect has been recognized as an effective means by which to increase binding interactions between carbohydrates and proteins. In fact, it has been demonstrated that sialylated multibranched L-lysine dendrimers were potent inhibitors of hemagglutination of human erythrocytes by Influenza viru... |
11667653 | Effects of Side Arm Length and Structure of Para-Substituted Phenyl Derivatives on Their Binding to the Host Cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene). | The binding constants with the host cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene), 1(4+), have been determined in CH(3)CN by UV-vis spectrophotometry for a series of p-phenylene guests, symmetrically substituted with side arms of varying length and functionality. Semiempirical molecular orbital theory was employed to provide a detail... |
11667601 | Experimental (NMR) and Computational (MD) Studies on the Inclusion Complexes of 1-Bromoadamantane with alpha-, beta-, and gamma-Cyclodextrin. | The inclusion complexes between the most commonly used cyclodextrins (alpha-, beta-, and gamma-CD) and 1-bromoadamantane were prepared and studied experimentally by NMR methods and by molecular dynamics simulations (AMBER force field) with solvation. The NMR results suggest host/guest ratios of 2:1, 1:1, and 1:1 for th... |
11667583 | Mannich Reaction as a Key Strategy for the Synthesis of Benzoazacrown Ethers and Benzocryptands. | A convenient method for the synthesis of mono- and polycyclic azacrown macrocycles containing aromatic fragments using the Mannich condensation of phenols and secondary diamines has been studied. This new approach allowed the synthesis of bisphenols connected by oligoazaoxaalkane units in good yields without the need t... |
11667582 | New Upper Rim Pyridine-Bridged Calix[4]arenes: Synthesis and Complexation Properties toward Neutral Molecules and Ammonium Ions in Organic Media. | A new series of calix[4]arenes, diametrically bridged at the upper rim with pyridino systems, has been synthesized. The shape, rigidity, and chemical structure of the bridge influence the host-guest complexation properties of these systems in solution toward several neutral molecules having acidic C-H bonds. Additional... |
11667570 | Thermodynamics of alpha-Cyclodextrin-p-Nitrophenyl Glycoside Complexes. A Simple System To Understand the Energetics of Carbohydrate Interactions in Water. | Thermodynamic studies of the binding of a series of p-nitrophenyl glycosides (PNPGly) of varying stereochemistry to alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CD) were performed at three different temperatures (25, 35, and 42 degrees C) using a microcalorimetric technique. The system p-nitrophenol (PNP) at pH = 3 and alpha-CD was also ... |
11666797 | Structural and Spectroscopic Characterization of Iron(III) Dioxoporphodimethene Complexes and Their Autoreduction to an Iron(II) Complex in Pyridine. | Three iron complexes of the meso-dioxo derivative of octaethylporphryin (trans-H(2)OEPO(2)) were characterized by X-ray diffraction. Green ClFe(III)(trans-OEPO(2)).1.5C(6)H(6) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c with a = 13.766(3) Å, b = 19.075(3) Å, c = 15.217(3) Å, beta = 99.87(2) degrees at 123 K with... |
9612202 | Phototherapy of cancer and atheromatous plaque with texaphyrins. | Cancer and cardiovascular disease are the leading causes of death in the western world. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has demonstrated activity in the treatment of superficial cancerous lesions and as an intraoperative adjunct during surgical debulking. Texaphyrins are pure, synthetic water-soluble macrocycles that locali... |
9552314 | Dissolution properties of praziquantel-beta-cyclodextrin systems. | The purpose of this study was to characterize the dissolution behavior of a poorly water-soluble antischistosomal agent, praziquantel (PZQ), from PZQ-beta-cyclodextrin systems containing 20-100% w/w of drug. Dissolution parameters obtained from the release data of simple physical mixtures and inclusion compounds prepar... |
9238633 | Design considerations and computer modeling related to the development of molecular scaffolds and peptide mimetics for combinatorial chemistry. | A critical issue in drug discovery utilizing combinatorial chemistry as part of the discovery process is the choice of scaffolds to be used for a proper presentation, in a three-dimensional space, of the critical elements of structure necessary for molecular recognition (binding) and information transfer (agonist/ anta... |
9238631 | Sequence-selective nonmacrocyclic two-armed receptors for peptides. | Tweezer-like receptor molecules have proven their potential for molecular recognition on several occasions. We decided to make twofold use of this receptor design: firstly to learn whether simple molecular forceps consisting of two peptide chains linked by a spacer are able to selectively bind to small peptides, and se... |
9118237 | Microtubule disruption induces the formation of actin stress fibers and focal adhesions in cultured cells: possible involvement of the rho signal cascade. | To obtain insight into the molecular dynamics and involvement of microtubules and the related signal molecules in the regulation of cell locomotion, we studied the influence of microtubule disruption on actin stress fibers and focal adhesion assembly in addition to cell morphology. We found that all microtubule-disrupt... |
8939702 | A hybrid modular polyketide synthase obtained by domain swapping. | <h4>Background</h4>Modular polyketide synthases govern the synthesis of a number of medically important antibiotics, and there is therefore great interest in understanding how genetic manipulation may be used to produce hybrid synthases that might synthesize novel polyketides. In particular, we aimed to show whether an... |
8958869 | [High-risk surgical patients. Who are they and how should they be treated?]. | This review addresses the currently available information that describes the identification of high risk patients undergoing surgery and how they may be treated to improve their outcome. It is clear from this data that high risk patients have a mortality rate of around 30% and that the major cause of death is due to mu... |
8957239 | Interaction of the macrolide azithromycin with phospholipids. II. Biophysical and computer-aided conformational studies. | In a comparison paper, we show the azithromycin causes a lysosomal phospholipidosis in cultured cells, binds in vitro to negatively charged bilayers without causing aggregation or fusion, and inhibits lysosomal phospholipase A1. In this paper, we show that azithromycin decreases the mobility of the phospholipids in neg... |
8957184 | Electrokinetic chromatography in suppressed electroosmotic flow environment: use of a charged cyclodextrin for the separation of enantiomers and geometric isomers. | Electrokinetic chromatography (EKC), with negatively-charged cyclodextrins (NCDs) added to the buffer, was conducted in polyacrylamide-coated columns under suppression of electroosmotic flow. The equations of migration and resolution for neutral solutes in this mode of chromatography, which for brevity we term NCD-EKC,... |
8951651 | Extended electron distributions applied to the molecular mechanics of some intermolecular interactions. II. Organic complexes. | Extended electron distributions (XEDs) have been used to simulate the formation of complexes by intermolecular interaction via: (i) aromatic stacking; and (ii) hydrogen bonding. The results qualitatively reproduce experimental observations. In contrast, atom-centred partial charges fail to reproduce highly hydrogen-bon... |
8947852 | Convenient synthesis of beta-(1-->3)-galactosyl disaccharide alpha-glycoside and its analogs as mimic units of mucin-type carbohydrate. | beta-Galactosidase from porcine testes induced regioselective transglycosylation from lactose to the 3-position of 2-acetamido glycosides. When alpha-D-GalNAc-OC6H4NO2-p was used as an acceptor, the enzyme synthesized mainly beta-D-Gal-(1-->3)-alpha-D-GalNAc-OC6H4NO2-p with its (1-->6) linked isomer. The use of an incl... |
8944457 | Sequential systemic platelet-activating factor and interleukin 8 primes neutrophils in patients with trauma at risk of multiple organ failure. | Plasma from 33 patients at risk of multiple organ failure (MOF) after major trauma was tested for a priming effect on neutrophils, and for the presence of platelet-activating factor (PAF) activity and interleukin (IL) 8. Plasma sampled at 3, 6, 12 and 24 h after injury significantly primed normal neutrophils to release... |
8939653 | Extracellular calcium-binding proteins. | Point mutations in Ca2+-binding sites of extracellular matrix proteins have been identified as the cause of human disorders such as Marfansyndrome and pseudoachondroplasia. Although the modes of Ca2+ binding and the effects of point mutations are not yet understood in these two cases, new insight was recently gained by... |
8939448 | Distribution and processing of peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase activity in rat dorsal root ganglia and sciatic nerves. | Since peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (PAM) and carboxypeptidase H (CPH) are transported by a rapid anterograde axonal flow in rat sciatic nerves, different properties of those enzymes were examined in the cell body (dorsal root ganglia) and axon (sciatic nerves) of rat. The relative enzyme activities of ... |
8933056 | Prediction of rodent carcinogenicity using the DEREK system for 30 chemicals currently being tested by the National Toxicology Program. The DEREK Collaborative Group. | DEREK is a knowledge-based expert system for the qualitative prediction of toxicity. The DEREK system has been used to predict the carcinogenicity in rodents of the 30 chemicals in the second National Toxicology Program (NTP) carcinogenicity prediction exercise. Seven of the chemicals were predicted to be carcinogens. ... |
8933030 | Human DNA adduct measurements: state of the art. | Human DNA adduct formation (covalent modification of DNA with chemical carcinogens) is a promising biomarker for elucidating the molecular epidemiology of cancer. Classes of compounds for which human DNA adducts have been observed include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitrosamines, mycotoxins, aromatic amine... |
8921745 | Interaction of beta 2-adrenoceptor agonists with native cyclodextrins: application to the development of chiral assays for terbutaline. | The enantioselectivity of the complexation between beta 2-adrenoceptor agonists of different structural types and native cyclodextrins (alpha, beta and gamma-CDs) has been examined by including CDs as chiral modifiers in high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). The best en... |
8921597 | Separation of pharmaceutically important estrogens by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. | Baseline separation of ten estrogens of the type found in conjugated estrogens tablets from pregnant mares' urine were separated by micellar electrokinetic chromatography with a 20 mM sodium borate-sodium phosphate buffer (pH 8) containing either 75 mM sodium cholate and 15 mM beta-cyclodextrin or 50 mM sodium dodecyl ... |
8912686 | Quantification of aggrecan and link-protein mRNA in human articular cartilage of different ages by competitive reverse transcriptase-PCR. | A competitive reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) assay has been developed for the quantification of particular mRNA species in human articular cartilage. Competitor RNA species were synthesized that differed from the amplified target sequence only by the central insertion of an EcoRI restriction site. By using known am... |
8910060 | Construction and application of a new class of sequential oligopeptide carriers (SOCn) for multiple anchoring of antigenic peptides--application to the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) main immunogenic region. | A new class of sequential oligopeptide carriers (SOCn), namely (Lys-Aib-Gly)n (n = 2-7), for anchoring antigenic peptides, is presented. These SOCn have been designed in order to assume a determined structural motif, exhibiting defined spatial orientations of the Lys-N epsilon H2 anchoring groups. The NMR study showed ... |
8905605 | Effect of physiological concentrations of estradiol on PGI2 and NO in endothelial cells. | <h4>Objectives</h4>To elucidate the mechanisms by which estrogens protect against occlusive vascular disorders, we studied the effect of 17 beta-estradiol on the production of prostacyclin (PGI2) and nitric oxide (NO) in primary cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).<h4>Methods</h4>To study the ef... |
8902996 | Effect of thrombomodulin on the molecular recognition and early catalytic events in thrombin-protein C interaction. | A viscosity perturbation method allowed to compute the second order rate constant, k+1, for the formation of thrombin-Protein C complex, both in the absence and presence of thrombomodulin (TM) at pH 8.00 and 37 degrees C. In the absence of TM the second order rate constant was found equal to 7.9 +/- 0.6 x 10(3) M-1 sec... |
8902066 | Itraconazole cyclodextrin solution for fluconazole-refractory oropharyngeal candidiasis in AIDS: correlation of clinical response with in vitro susceptibility. | <h4>Objective</h4>To evaluate the efficacy of itraconazole cyclodextrin solution in fluconazole-refractory oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC), and to correlate clinical outcome with in vitro susceptibility and serum azole levels.<h4>Design</h4>A prospective, open-label, intervention study.<h4>Setting</h4>A university hosp... |
8901626 | Estrogen and thyroid hormone interaction on regulation of gene expression. | Estrogen receptor (ER) and thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) are ligand-dependent nuclear transcription factors that can bind to an identical half-site, AGGTCA, of their cognate hormone response elements. By in vitro transfection analysis in CV-1 cells, we show that estrogen induction of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase... |
8901541 | Chemical communication in scarab beetles: reciprocal behavioral agonist-antagonist activities of chiral pheromones. | A novel mechanism of reciprocal behavioral agonist-antagonist activities of enantiomeric pheromones plays a pivotal role in overcoming the signal-to-noise problem derived from the use of a single-constituent pheromone system in scarab beetles. Female Anomala osakana produce (S, Z)-5-(+)-(1-decenyl)oxacyclopentan-2-one,... |
8901537 | Intervention of carbohydrate recognition by proteins and nucleic acids. | Carbohydrates in biological systems are often associated with specific recognition and signaling processes leading to important biological functions and diseases. Considerable efforts have been directed toward understanding and mimicking the recognition processes and developing effective agents to control the processes... |
8899854 | Controlled systemic absorption and increased anesthetic effect of bupivacaine following epidural administration of bupivacaine-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin complex. | <h4>Purpose</h4>To investigate the influence of complexation between bupivacaine and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) on the systemic absorption and on the pharmacodynamic effect of bupivacaine following epidural administration in a rabbit model.<h4>Methods</h4>Bupivacaine and bupivacaine-HP-beta-CD complex... |
8898365 | The product of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae RSS1 gene, identified as a high-copy suppressor of the rat7-1 temperature-sensitive allele of the RAT7/NUP159 nucleoporin, is required for efficient mRNA export. | RAT7/NUP159 was identified previously in a screen for genes whose products are important for nucleocytoplasmic export of poly(A)+ RNA and encodes an essential nucleoporin. We report here the identification of RSS1 (Rat Seven Suppressor) as a high-copy extragenic suppressor of the rat7-1 temperature-sensitive allele. Rs... |
8897613 | Participation of water in Hin recombinase--DNA recognition. | The participation of water molecules in the interaction between the Hin recombinase and its operator DNA has been detected by analysis of the dissociation constant in the presence of varying concentrations of neutral solutes and cosolvents. The dissociation constant as measured by gel mobility shift assays increased as... |
8897610 | NMR characterization of structure, backbone dynamics, and glutathione binding of the human macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). | Human macrophage migration inhibitory factor is a 114 amino acid protein that belongs to the family of immunologic cytokines. Assignments of 1H, 15N, and 13C resonances have enabled the determination of the secondary structure of the protein, which consists of two alpha-helices (residues 18-31 and 89-72) and a central ... |
8897606 | Modeling of the D1/D2 proteins and cofactors of the photosystem II reaction center: implications for herbicide and bicarbonate binding. | A three-dimensional model of the photosystem II (PSII) reaction center from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 was generated based on homology with the anoxygenic purple bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers of Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Rhodopseudomonas viridis, for which the X-ray crystallographic str... |
8897265 | Pharmaceutical applications of cyclodextrins. 1. Drug solubilization and stabilization. | Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides which have recently been recognized as useful pharmaceutical excipients. The molecular structure of these glucose derivatives, which approximates a truncated cone or torus, generates a hydrophilic exterior surface and a nonpolar cavity interior. As such, cyclodextrins can inter... |
8896604 | Lateral dimerization is required for the homophilic binding activity of C-cadherin. | Regulation of cadherin-mediated adhesion can occur rapidly at the cell surface. To understand the mechanism underlying cadherin regulation, it is essential to elucidate the homophilic binding mechanism that underlies all cadherin-mediated functions. Therefore, we have investigated the structural and functional properti... |
8896465 | Mof4-1 is an allele of the UPF1/IFS2 gene which affects both mRNA turnover and -1 ribosomal frameshifting efficiency. | The mof4-1 (maintenance of frame) allele in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was isolated as a chromosomal mutation that increased the efficiency of -1 ribosomal frameshifting at the L-A virus frameshift site and caused loss of M1, the satellite virus of L-A. Here, we demonstrate that strains harboring the mof4-1 all... |
8896461 | Activation of the CaMV as-1 cis-element by salicylic acid: differential DNA-binding of a factor related to TGA1a. | Transcription from the as-1 element of the cauliflower mosaic virus is induced by salicylic acid (SA), an endogenous signal involved in plant defence responses. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that the binding of a tobacco cellular factor, named SARP, correlates with the SA-induced activation of tran... |
8896451 | G2 arrest and impaired nucleocytoplasmic transport in mouse embryos lacking the proto-oncogene CAN/Nup214. | The vertebrate nucleopore complex (NPC) is a 125 MDa multiprotein assembly that mediates nucleocytoplasmic transport. One of its components, CAN/Nup214, is an FXFG repeat-containing protein known to be involved in myeloid leukemia in humans. We have devised a powerful genetic approach, using maternally derived protein ... |
8895587 | The yeast protein Arc1p binds to tRNA and functions as a cofactor for the methionyl- and glutamyl-tRNA synthetases. | Arc1p was found in a screen for components that interact genetically with Los1p, a nuclear pore-associated yeast protein involved in tRNA biogenesis. Arc1p is associated with two proteins which were identified as methionyl-tRNA and glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRS and GluRS) by a new mass spectrometry method. ARC1 gene ... |
8895559 | Site-directed mutagenesis and structural interpretation of the nidogen binding site of the laminin gamma1 chain. | A precise molecular map of the nidogen binding site of laminins was obtained by site-directed mutagenesis and structural analysis of the 56 residue LE module gamma1III4 of their gamma1 chain. This demonstrated the crucial importance of the sequence DPNAV (position 800-804) in the disulfide-bonded loop a, with major con... |
8895077 | Evaluation of the utility of capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of sulfobutyl ether beta-cyclodextrin mixtures. | A capillary electrophoresis (CE) method for the analysis of a sulfobutyl ether beta-cyclodextrin (SBE-beta-CD) mixture is described. The SBE-beta-CD has been prepared as a parenterally safe solubilizing agent and has historically been characterized by elemental analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Whil... |
8893840 | The simulated binding of (+/-)-2,3-dihydro-5,6-dimethoxy-2-[[1-(phenylmethyl)-4-piperidinyl]meth yl] -1H-inden-1-one hydrochloride (E2020) and related inhibitors to free and acylated acetylcholinesterases and corresponding structure-activity analyses. | The simulated binding profiles of acetylcholine, ACh, and the inhibitor (+/-)-2,3-dihydro-5,6- dimethoxy-2-[[1-(phenylmethyl)-4-piperidinyl]methyl]-1H-inden-1-on e hydrochloride (E2020), 1, and some of its analogs to acetylcholinesterase, AChE, were determined using full force field energetics and allowing complete con... |
8926119 | Proteus mirabilis ambient-temperature fimbriae: cloning and nucleotide sequence of the aft gene cluster. | Uropathogenic Proteus mirabilis produces at least four types of fimbriae. Amino acid sequences from two peptides, derived by tryptic digestion of the structural subunit of one type of these fimbriae, the ambient-temperature fimbriae, were determined: NVVPGQPSSTQ and LIEGENQLNYNA. PCR primers, based on these sequences a... |
8926106 | Clusterin, a putative complement regulator, binds to the cell surface of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates. | The ability of Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I strain and a number of S. aureus clinical isolates to bind to the human blood glycoprotein clusterin was investigated. Binding of clusterin to these strains was tested by both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry. All of the S. aureus strains examined appeare... |
8891153 | Differential release of smooth-type lipopolysaccharide from Pseudomonas aeruginosa treated with carbapenem antibiotics and its relation to production of tumor necrosis factor alpha and nitric oxide. | Endotoxin release from Pseudomonas aeruginosa treated with cell wall-active carbapenem antibiotics and its effect on the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha and nitric oxide were examined. Treatment of bacteria with imipenem induced much lower levels of endotoxin release than treatment with meropenem. The endotox... |
8891126 | Pharmacokinetics of a water-soluble fullerene in rats. | Fullerenes are the recently discovered third allotropic form of carbon. The biological activities of these compounds are being studied for various purposes. The bis(monosuccinimide) derivative of p p'-bis(2-amino-ethyl)-diphenyl-C60 (MSAD-C60) is a water-soluble fullerene derivative. MSAD-C60 has been shown to have ant... |
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