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The patient, an 18-year-old girl, was found to have strong positive purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) test and calcified focus in her liver 2 years ago. She denied fever, cough, sputum, weight loss, night sweats, fatigue, and anorexia. After admission, physical examination, laboratory tests, CXR, abdomina... |
Since the 1980's nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S), the endogenous gas molecules produced from metabolic pathway, have been realized as signal molecules to be involved in the regulation of body homeostasis and to play important roles under physiological and pathophysiological conditio... |
Topical NSAIDS and related solutes are often applied to the skin to target tissues directly below the application site. We have used both biopsy and microdialysis techniques to show that most solutes penetrate below dermal capillaries into the subcutaneous and deeper tissues of both rats and human subjects. The selecti... |
The anti-inflammatory properties of rose-hip are described in this short report. Rose-hip extract reduced chemotaxis of peripheral blood neutrophils and monocytes of healthy subjects in vitro. Daily intake of rose-hip powder for four weeks by healthy volunteers and patients suffering from osteoarthritis, resulted in re... |
This study evaluates the anti-inflammatory/analgesic effects of lornoxicam, a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, using the method of c-Fos protein immunoreactivity in the carrageenan model of inflammatory nociception in the rat. The immunohistochemical revelation of inflammatory/nociceptive stimulation evoked c-... |
In this study, changes were investigated in release of IL-1alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-4 from mouse splenocytes stimulated with staphylococcal protein A (SpA), toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) or streptococcal lysin S (SLS) in the presence of insulin. The results show that insulin-treated splenocytes stimulated by SpA... |
Anti-inflammatory activity of copper aspirinate administered orally was investigated in several models of inflammation. The results showed that copper aspirinate 50 mg/kg markedly inhibited inflammatory processes of either ear swelling induced by xylene in mice or turpentine-elicited air pouch granuloma in rats, with a... |
To study the methylation status of P16 gene promoter and the expression of P16 protein in gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GIST) and to explore the prognostic value. |
Accurate measurement of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) activity is important in view of the key role of this enzyme in signal-transduction pathways. In this work we synthesized enantiomerically pure phosphorothiolate analogues of all natural PI-PLC substrates, including those of phosphatidylinos... |
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of enamel matrix protein (EMP) on wound filling of periodontal ligament cells (PDLC) and gingival fibroblasts (GF), using an in vitro model of wound healing. |
To investigate the expression of the newly found inhibitor of apoptosis protein Livinalpha and Livinbeta and their gene expression in human oral squamous cell carcinoma. |
Protein tyrosine nitration is one of the important regulatory mechanisms in various cellular phenomena such as cell adhesion, endo/exo-cytosis of cellular materials, and signal transduction. In the present study, electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) with a linear ion-trap mass spectrometer was a... |
To investigate the green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression and the bionomics of skeletal muscles satellite cells (SMSCs) in vitro in GFP transgenic mouse. |
The Sonic hedgehog signalling peptide has been demonstrated to play important roles in the growth and patterning of the tooth development. This study aims on whether the antagonist beta-transduction repeat containing protein of Sonic hedgehog signal transduction expressed in tooth germs ameloblast and odontoblast or no... |
A novel method of polymer monolith microextraction (PMME) using poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) monolith combined with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-QTOF MS) was developed for the rapid and sensitive determination of beta-agonists in pork samples. The ... |
A male infant admitted with pyogenic meningitis with protein energy malnutrition developed fatal infection due to Salmonella enteritidis. The same organism was isolated from CSF and blood cultures. |
The M protein of group A Streptococcus (GAS) is the major virulence factor and is coded by the emm gene. The current serologic M typing methods are now being replaced by alternate means of M type deduction such as emm gene sequencing. This is the first report of emm types of GAS which are prevalent in south India. We f... |
Eighty eight patients of chronic lung diseases (CLD) attending TB and Chest department of J.N. Medical college Hospital were studied to find out the prevalence of Aspergillus in Broncho-alveolar Lavage (BAL) and anti- aspergillus antibodies in their sera. Direct microscopy and fungal culture of BAL was done. Antibodies... |
Seventy five clinically, biochemically and microscopically diagnosed cases of pyogenic meningitis including 28 adults and 47 paediatric patients were studied. Gram positive isolates in adults and gram negative bacilli in paediatric age group were the predominant organisms. Estimation of C-reactive protein (CRP) in cere... |
To study the antitumor effect GPI-CD80 fusion protein and its mechanisms. |
To investigate the relation of the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and antibodies against oxidized low-density lipoprotein (anti-oxLDL) to with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). |
Protein phosphorylation, mediated by a family of enzymes called cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), plays a central role in the cell-division cycle of eukaryotes. Phosphorylation by Cdks directs the cell cycle by modifying the function of regulators of key processes such as DNA replication and mitotic progression. Here, w... |
The molecular and functional diversity of G protein-coupled receptors is essential to many physiological processes. However, this diversity presents a significant challenge to understanding the G protein-mediated signaling events that underlie a specific physiological response. To increase our understanding of these pr... |
Olfactory receptors (ORs) are the largest gene family in mammalian genomes. Since nearly all OR genes are orphan receptors, inference of functional similarity or differences between odorant receptors typically relies on sequence comparisons. Based on the alignment of entire coding region sequence, OR genes are classifi... |
To study the effect of HCV NS5A protein on HCV IRES-dependent translation in HepG2 cells. |
To screen low molecular weight protein biomarkers relevant to portal vein tumor thrombi (PVTT) in serum of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. |
A microbial-based biosensor has been developed based on enzyme inhibition bioassay for monitoring the presence of Ni(II) in real-time samples. The sensing element is immobilized Bacillus sphaericus MTCC 5100 yielding urease enzyme. The transducer is an NH4+ ion selective electrode in conjunction with a potentiometer. H... |
Over the past few years the discovery of the mechanisms of osteoclast and osteoblast signaling and the relationship between bone resorption and osteogenesis has resulted in increasing our understanding of the process of bone remodeling. Recently new elements have been shown to be involved in the bone remodeling process... |
In 1997, a glycoprotein was isolated that blocked osteoclast differentiation from precursor cells. This protein prevented osteoporosis when administered to ovariectomized rats, and led to osteopetrosis when overexpressed. This newly discovered protein was named osteoprotegerin (OPG). The discovery of osteoprotegerin ha... |
We present evidence for the cooling of normal-metal phonons, in addition to the well-known electron cooling, by electron tunneling in a superconductor-normal-metal-superconductor tunnel junction. The normal-metal electron temperature is extracted by comparing the device current-voltage characteristics to the theoretica... |
Spatiotemporal pattern formation in a product-activated enzymic reaction at high enzyme concentrations is investigated. Stochastic simulations show that catalytic turnover cycles of individual enzymes can become coherent and that complex wave patterns of molecular synchronization can develop. The analysis based on the ... |
The S-type lectins in annelida are different in molecular structure and biochemical properties from that of common galectin and are valuable in anticancer study. Based on their specificity, Sepharose CL-6B affinity chromatography was adopted in this study to separate the S-type lectin in annelida from earthworms, in wh... |
The Kringle 5 domain of plasminogen, which was previously shown to inhibit angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, is one of the most potent angiogenesis inhibitors known to date. A two-step chromatographic method, which consists of Chelating Sepharose Fast Flow chelated with Ni2+ affinity medium and Sephadex G-75 medium, w... |
The high performance gel permeation chromatographic (HPGPC) behaviors of four beta-1, 3/1, 6-glucans (GF1, GF2, GF3, GF4) with different protein contents and one alpha-1, 4/1, 6-glucan (P100) from Grifola frondosa were examined with different concentrations of NaCl solution and pH values. The experimental results showe... |
The method for the separation and determination of sulfur compounds in coked gasoline by gas chromatography-sulfur chemiluminescence detection (GC-SCD) was established. Seventy-four sulfur compounds including hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans, sulfides, disulfides, thiophene, alkyl thiophenes, benzothiophene, alkyl benzothi... |
The macrolides are lipophilic molecules having a central lactone ring bearing 12 to 20 atoms to which several amino and/or neutral sugars are bound. They are broad spectrum antibiotics active against Gram-positive bacteria and mycoplasmas, as well as some Gram-negative organisms and members of the chlamydia group. Macr... |
Cholestasis has been associated with the endocytic retrieval of multidrug resistance protein 2 (Mrp2), but its mechanism is still unclear. Recent studies have indicated that radixin, a cross-linker between the actin filaments and membrane proteins, may be activated by phosphorylation and may be required for the canalic... |
Objective To clone the cDNA of rat alpha-Syn gene, investigate its prokaryotic expression and produce purified recombinant rat alpha-Syn protein. Methods Rat alpha-Syn cDNA was amplified from the rat brain total RNA by RT-PCR and was cloned into pGEX-4T-1, a prokaryotie expressing vector. The recombinant plasmid contai... |
The p24 family is thought to be somehow involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi protein transport. A subset of the p24 proteins (p24alpha(3), -beta(1), -gamma(3) and -delta(2)) is upregulated when Xenopus laevis intermediate pituitary melanotrope cells are physiologically activated to produce vast amounts of th... |
Agouti-related protein encodes a neuropeptide that stimulates food intake. Agrp expression in the brain is restricted to neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and is elevated by states of negative energy balance. The molecular mechanisms underlying Agrp regulation, however, remain poorly defined. Using a c... |
N-glycosylation plays a key role in the quality of many therapeutic glycoprotein biologics. The biosynthesis reactions of these oligosaccharides are a type of network in which a relatively small number of enzymes give rise to a large number of N-glycans as the reaction intermediates and terminal products. Multiple glyc... |
Polyvinyl chloride is used in production and manufacturing of many essential tools (e.g. plastic pipes, photography films, etc.). Its production is impossible without the use of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), which can cause liver damage in long-term. In this study we intend to assess the effects of mild to moderate lon... |
Objective Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) is a multifunctional protein that has thc capacity to modify cellular activities and to modulate matrix turnover. This paper revealed the contributive role of TIMP-1 in progressive muscular dystrophy (PMD). Methods We examined the expression and cellular locali... |
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the accumulation of intracellular or extracellular protein aggregates that result from conformational changes in proteins. These diseases may result from an imbalance between the production of misfolded proteins and normal chaperone capacity. Molecular chaperones provide ... |
Objective To observe the activating effect of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) on astrocyte in vitro. Methods Astrocytes cultured purely from newborn rats. Cerebral cortex was raised in normal and serum deprivation condition with different concentrations (in ng/ml: 0, 2, 20, or 200) of CNTF. After cultured for 24 h, ... |
Objective To investigate the effects of 14-3-3 protein overexpression on the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) induced pheochromocytoma (PC12) cell death and the potential mechanisms. Methods pcDNA3.1(+)-14-3-3 plasmids, which could be expressed in mammalian cell, were constructed and transfected into PC12 cells wit... |
Objective To observe the influence of rotenone on the distribution of alpha-synuclein (ASN) in rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups and received 2 mg/kg rotenone (s.c.) or sunflower oil (as control group) for about 4 weeks. The hippocampus, substantia nigra an... |
Prostaglandin (PGE(2)) is an inflammatory mediator that plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Prostaglandin H synthase (PGHS) a rate-limiting enzyme in PGE(2) biosynthesis exists as two separate isoforms (PGHS-1 and PGHS-2). We have previously demonstrated that both isoforms are generally pr... |
Effects of interleukin-1 (IL-1) blockers, CK130 and CK131, on IL-1-induced uveitis and proliferation of fibroblast-like corneal and conjunctival cells were investigated in this study. It was found that CK130 and CK131 inhibited IL-1-induced uveitis in rat eyes effectively at 3 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, respectively. Further,... |
Paracetamol-induced toxicity is mainly due to the accumulation of its CYP450-mediated N-hydroxylation product - N-acetylimidoquinone. We examined cell viability, proliferation rates and intracellular calcium in PC12 cells and in a PC12 cell line transfected with cytochrome P4502E1 exposed to paracetamol. This drug had ... |
It is now more than 10 years since the publication of the first microbial genome sequence and science is now moving towards a post genomic era with transcriptomics and proteomics offering insights into cellular processes and function. The ability to assess the entire protein network of a cell at a given spatial or temp... |
The development of neonatology and the availability of pulmonary surfactant have been helpful in effective reduction of the mortality of very low birth weight infants at the expense of an increasing number of survivors with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) caused by lung immaturity. BPD is a common syndrome in newborns... |
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a unique member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily that forms a Cl(-) channel with complex regulation. CFTR is composed of five domains: two membrane-spanning domains (MSDs), two nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) and a unique regul... |
The present study investigated the relationship between DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) and radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines. The dose-survival relationship for NPC cell lines, CNE1 and CNE2, was analyzed using clonogenic formation assay, the activity of DNA-PK of the two cell lines w... |
To detect the expression and correlation of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2)and key enzymes both of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B( NF-KB) pathways in middle turbinate mucosa of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and to investigate their roles in CRS pathogenesis. |
Dimethylaminopropyl chloride, hydrochloride is used primarily as an industrial and research organic chemical intermediate acting as an alkylating reagent in Grignard and other types of reactions. It is also used as a pharmaceutical intermediate for the synthesis of many types of drugs, as an agricultural chemical inter... |
Objective To explore the possible role of voltage-gated potassium channel-interacting protein 1 (KChIP1) in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Methods Sprague Dawley female adult rats were treated with pentylenettrazole (PTZ) to develop acute and chronic epilepsy models. The approximate coronal sections of normal and epilep... |
Objective To investigate the role of activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in spinal cord in the development of cystic pain in rabbit. Methods We observed the relationship between the activation of ERK1/2 in spinal cord and nociceptive behaviors, as well as the effect of U0126, a mitogen-activate... |
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized clinically by bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor, gait dysfunction, and postural instability. Several genes have been identified for monogenic disorders that variably resemble Parkinson's disease. Here, we focus on PARK7, a gene relat... |
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the commonest neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the substantia nigra and the appearance of Lewy bodies (LBs), whose cytoplasmic inclusions are highly enriched with ubiquitin, synphilin-1, alpha-synuclein and parkin. Synphilin-1 ... |
Receptor imidazoline 2 (I₂) is one of the imidazoline receptors with high affinity for [³H]-idazoxan. Receptor I₂, being classified into I(₂A) and I(₂B) subtypes, is mainly localized to the outer membrane of mitochondria in liver, kidney and brain. Receptor I₂, displaying high similarity of sequence with monoamine oxid... |
To investigate the changes of vascular endothelial cell tight junction protein (occludin) and glial cell morphology as well as their relationship with blood-retinal barrier (BRB) in the retina of diabetic rats. |
To establish the method for studying the proteome of the lens fibers of healthy adult male in order to provide a tool for further analysis of cataract-related protein using reverse tandem mass spectrometry. |
The investigation of proteome can not only show the rules of vital movement, but also play an important role to illuminate the mechanism of genesis and development on certain diseases and that may find a new way to treat those. Using the compare analysis of proteome of physiology and pathology of individual, we can fin... |
To investigate effects of P-glycoprotein (gp) substrate drugs on the expression of CD147 and MMP2 and 9 in multidrug resistant breast cancer cells. |
Much effort has been expended on the in vitro characterization of enzymes that covalently attach lipids to proteins. Less information is available about properties conferred on modified proteins by their attached lipid groups, but biophysical studies of simple model systems have begun to shed light on this issue. Recen... |
Adaptors are multifunctional linker proteins that, as a coated vesicle assembles, tether the clathrin lattice to the underlying membrane bud site. Each adaptor is composed of four distinct protein submits, but how these assemble into the functional complex is not clear. Here, some features of the protein sequences are ... |
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are fatal neurodegenerative diseases that occur in a wide variety of mammals. In humans, TSE diseases include kuru, sporadic and iatrogenic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS), and fatal familial insomnia (FFI). So far, TSE dise... |
Protein transport across or insertion into a membrane is facilitated by multicomponent protein complexes that reside in the bilayer. Current models propose that these complexes mediate translocation and integration by an obligate sequence of interactions between the substrate polypeptide and other components. Recent di... |
The endocytic and secretory pathways of eukaryotic cells consist of an array of membrane-bound compartments, each of which contains a characteristic cohort of transmembrane proteins. Understanding how these proteins are targeted to and maintained within their appropriate compartments will be crucial for unravelling the... |
Controlled execution of transcription and pre-mRNA splicing is crucial for proper gene expression. The organization of these essential events within the cell nucleus is only beginning to be understood. Here, we describe a model for the cellular arrangement of transcription and pre-mRNA splicing based on recent biochemi... |
New developments in biological mass spectrometry and the growth of sequence databases are revolutionizing protein analysis. As recent results demonstrate, the high sensitivity and high throughput of this approach allow the rapid characterization of gel-separated proteins and the identification of cognate cDNA and expre... |
A protein-degradation pathway associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) can selectively remove polypeptides from the secretory pathway. The mechanisms of this ER-associated protein degradation were obscure, but recent studies using both yeast and mammalian cells have indicated that substrates for degradation are t... |
The activity of most protein kinases is highly regulated, typically via phosphorylation and/or subunit association. However, the folding of protein kinases into an active state or a form capable of activation is now emerging as another important step through which they can be regulated. The 50-kDa protein Cdc37 and the... |
The p21-activated protein kinases (PAKs) are members of a growing family of regulatory enzymes that may play roles in diverse phenomena such as cellular morphogenesis, the stress response and the pathogenesis of AIDS. PAKs were initially discovered as binding partners for small (21 kDa) GTPases that regulate actin poly... |
Clathrin-coated vesicles are responsible for the sorting transport of membrane proteins within cells. Their co of the self-assembling protein clathrin, and adaptor r. interact with the vesicle cargo and localize clathrin tc Recently, novel clathrin-like and adaptor-like proteins identified. Here, Frances Brodsky discus... |
Trans forming growth factor beta(TGF-beta) and related cytokines regulate cell fate by signalling through two receptor serine kinases that act in sequence. Signalling by these receptors is mediated by the recently identified Smad protein family. Upon phosphorylation by activated receptors, Smads form complexes, move in... |
The biosynthesis of integral membrane proteins requires regions of nascent polypeptide to be inserted into, and assembled within, a lipid bilayer. Membrane protein integration at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has been shown to involve a defined set of protein components. In addition, thephospholipid bilayer may also m... |
Recent characterization of the major protein-targeting systems in both yeast and mammalian cells has provided detailed descriptions of how cellular transport processes operate. Increasingly, however, novel protein-sorting mechanisms are being uncovered. These newly discovered 'alternative' mechanisms of protein sorting... |
Studies on the mechanisms through which the oncogene products of DNA tumour viruses subvert the physiological processes that control cell proliferation have yielded many important insights into the mammalian cell cycle. In the case of the adenovirus E1a oncoprotein, a number of distinct protein domains are required for... |
Pleckstrin-homology (PH) domains are small protein modules found in more than 100 proteins, most of which require association with the cell membrane to mediate their biological functions. Recent studies have demonstrated that some PH domains bind specifically to phosphoinositides, and that PH-domain-mediated recruitmen... |
The endoplasmic reticulum contains a number of proteins involved in the processing of secretory polypeptides. These include BiP, which is an Hsp70-family member highly conserved throughout evolution. BiP is known to be intimately involved in several aspects of protein biogenesis, but our understanding of these events h... |
In budding yeast, the DNA-binding protein Rap1p orchestrates a negative feedback on regulation of telomere length and the organization of a heterochromatin-like telomeric compartment. Recent studies have led to the identification of functionally related telomeric proteins from fission yeast and mammals. These advances ... |
The GTP-binding protein Rho regulates the assembly of focal adhesions and their associated bundles of actin filaments. Two different lines of research have converged to reveal how Rho might regulate assembly of these structures. One approach has been the identification of downstream effectors of Rho, whereas the other ... |
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs) respond to many extracellular signals, but the large number of these enzymes and their overlapping specificities in vitro has made it extremely difficult to identify the physiological roles and substrates of individual family members... |
Sequence alignments convincingly demonstrate that FtsZ is a prokaryotic homologue of eukaryotic tubulins. FtsZ appears to be universal in eubacteria and archaebacteria and has also been identified in chloroplasts. Like tubulin, it appears to have a cytoskeletal role as both proteins assemble into two types of character... |
Nematodes produce amoeboid sperm that crawl over surfaces in a manner reminiscent of many actin-rich cells. However, these sperm contain no F-actin, and their motility is powered by a dynamic filament system composed of polymers of the 14-kDa major sperm protein (MSP). These simple cells use this unique motility appara... |
Most metazoan cells are 'polarized'. A crucial aspect of this polarization is that the plasma membrane is divided into two or more domains with different protein and lipid compositions or example, the apical and basolateral domains of epithelial cells or the axonal and somatodendritic domains of neurons. This polarity ... |
The highly conserved ubiquitin polypeptide functions by covalently modifying other proteins. This modification has a well-established role in facilitating substrate degradation by the proteasome and can regulate some proteins by ways other than targeting them to the proteasome. It has now emerged that proteins bearing ... |
In Xenopus, mRNAs synthesized during oocyte differentiation are inherited by the egg and direct all protein synthesis until the late-blastula stage. This provides an opportunity to study the roles of maternally expressed genes in embryonic development of a vertebrate. Oocytes can be depleted of specific mRNAs by the in... |
Two families of proteins have advanced our understanding of the molecular basis of programmed cell death (PCD) in animal cells - the caspases and Bcl-2-related proteins. While caspases lie at the heart of the death programme, Bcl-2-related proteins act as key intracellular regulators. Although there has been considerab... |
The alpha-beta tubulin heterodimer is the subunit from which microtubules are assembled. The pathway leading to correctly folded alpha- and beta-tubulins is unusually complex: it involves cycles of ATP-dependent interaction of newly synthesized tubulin subunits with cytosolic chaperonin, resulting in the production of ... |
PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, is a pivotal protein in DNA replication, DNA repair and possibly cell-cycle control. The protein has a trimeric ring structure that might slide along duplex DNA and form a platform for association with a variety of proteins, in particular holding the DNA polymerases in close as... |
This paper is a brief review of the detailed mechanism of action of thiamine enzymes, based on metal complexes of bivalent transition and post-transition metals of model compounds, thiamine derivatives, synthesized and characterized with spectroscopic techniques and X-ray crystal structure determinations. It is propose... |
Tangier disease is an inherited disorder that results in a deficiency in circulating levels of HDL. Although the disease is known to be caused by mutations in the ABCA1 gene, the mechanism by which lesions in the ABCA1 ATPase effect this outcome is not known. The inability of ABCA1 knockout mice (ABCA1-/-) to load chol... |
Agrin is a basement membrane protein crucial for development and maintenance of the neuromuscular junction in vertebrates. The C. elegans genome harbors a putative agrin gene agr-1. We have cloned the corresponding cDNA to determine the primary structure of the protein and expressed its recombinant fragments to raise s... |
State transitions in the nervous system often take shape as traveling waves, whereby one neural state is replaced by another across space in a wave-like manner. In visual perception, transitions between the two mutually exclusive percepts that alternate when the two eyes view conflicting stimuli (binocular rivalry) may... |
Automated DNA sequencing technology is so rapid that analysis has become the rate-limiting step. Hundreds of prokaryotic genome sequences are publicly available, with new genomes uploaded at the rate of approximately 20 per month. As a result, this growing body of genome sequences will include microorganisms not previo... |
Because binding of RNAP to misplaced sites could compromise the efficiency of transcription, natural selection for the optimization of gene expression should regulate the distribution of DNA motifs capable of RNAP-binding across the genome. Here we analyze the distribution of the -10 promoter motifs that bind the sigma... |
The murine transmembrane glycoprotein CD83 is an important regulator for both thymic T cell maturation and peripheral T cell responses. Recently, we reported that CD83 also has a function on B cells: Ubiquitous transgenic (Tg) expression of CD83 interfered with the immunoglobulin (Ig) response to infectious agents and ... |
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