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Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) has been recognized as an enzyme that converts glutathione into cysteine, and it is localized predominantly within the liver. Serum GGT is clinically recognized as the most useful marker for diagnosis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). |
Most biomedical corpora have not been used outside of the lab that created them, despite the fact that the availability of the gold-standard evaluation data that they provide is one of the rate-limiting factors for the progress of biomedical text mining. Data suggest that one major factor affecting the use of a corpus ... |
Biochemical analysis of the retinoblastoma protein's function has received considerable attention since it was cloned just over 20 years ago. During this time pRB has emerged as a key regulator of the cell division cycle and its ability to block proliferation is disrupted in the vast majority of human cancers. Much has... |
Overwhelming lines of epidemiological evidence have indicated that persistent infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major risk toward development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It remains controversial, however, in the pathogenesis of HCC associated with HCV, whether the virus plays a direct role or merely an... |
Rapidly accumulating genome sequence data from multiple species offer powerful opportunities for the detection of DNA sequence evolution. Phylogenetic tree construction and codon-based tests for natural selection are the prevailing tools used to detect functionally important evolutionary change in protein coding sequen... |
Herpesvirus carriers transmit infection despite making virus-specific antibodies. Thus, their antibody responses are not necessarily optimal. An important question for infection control is whether vaccinating carriers might improve virus neutralization. The antibody response to murine gamma-herpesvirus-68 (MHV-68) bloc... |
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a heterotrimeric enzyme that is evolutionarily conserved from yeast to mammals and functions to maintain cellular and whole body energy homeostasis. Studies in experimental animals demonstrate that activation of AMPK in skeletal muscle protects against insulin resistance, type 2 d... |
Infection with Plasmodium falciparum during pregnancy is one of the major causes of malaria related morbidity and mortality in newborn and mothers. The complications of pregnancy-associated malaria result mainly from massive adhesion of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (IE) to chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) pre... |
The past few years have seen a vast increase in the amount of genomic data available for a growing number of taxa, including sets of full length cDNA clones and cis-regulatory sequences. Large scale cross-species comparisons of protein function and cis-regulatory sequences may help to understand the emergence of specif... |
The prediction of ligand binding or protein structure requires very accurate force field potentials - even small errors in force field potentials can make a 'wrong' structure (from the billions possible) more stable than the single, 'correct' one. However, despite huge efforts to optimize them, currently-used all-atom ... |
This study aimed to demonstrate that microspheres, used as delivery vehicle of DNA-Hsp65/TDM [plasmid DNA encoding heat shock protein 65 (Hsp65) coencapsulated with trehalose dimycolate (TDM) into PLGA microspheres], are widely spread among several organs after intramuscular administration in BALB/c mice. In general, w... |
Identification and evaluation of surface binding-pockets and occluded cavities are initial steps in protein structure-based drug design. Characterizing the active site's shape as well as the distribution of surrounding residues plays an important role for a variety of applications such as automated ligand docking or in... |
Use of enzymes in low water media is now widely used for synthesis and kinetic resolution of organic compounds. The frequently used enzyme form is the freeze-dried powders. It has been shown earlier that removal of water molecules from enzyme by rinsing with n-propanol gives preparation (PREP) which show higher activit... |
The use of immobilized enzymes for catalyzing various biotransformations is now a widely used approach. In recent years, cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) have emerged as a novel and versatile biocatalyst design. The present work deals with the preparation of a CLEA from a commercial preparation, Pectinex Ultra SP... |
Combined quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) modelling has the potential to answer fundamental questions about enzyme mechanisms and catalysis. Calculations using QM/MM methods can now predict barriers for enzyme-catalysed reactions with unprecedented, near chemical accuracy, i.e. to within 1 kcal/mol in the ... |
Orexins are neuromediators that participate in the regulation of feeding behavior, energy metabolism, circadian rhythms and perception of pain. The aim of the present study was to clarify the responses of the hypothalamic orexin-containing neurons to an intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (CPA), extremely hig... |
DNA damage caused by many factors may lead to missense mutation, deletion or illegal recombination. To maintain genomic integrity, cells have evolved complex surveillance mechanisms termed cell cycle checkpoint. DNA damage checkpoint composed of various checkpoint-related proteins can sense DNA damage and execute cell ... |
To observe the expression of DNA damage checkpoint mediator 1 (MDC1) and p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) at both mRNA and protein levels and their significance in different human esophageal cancer cell lines. |
To clone, express and characterize the capsid protein of human Norwalk virus Guangzhou strain NVgz01. |
X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) To gastrointestinal (GI) investigate the expression of XAF1 and heat-shock transcription factors 1 èHSF1éand their relationship in human gastrointestinal cancers. |
It is commonly accepted that the first cause of morbidity and mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the cardiovascular (CV) disease, in which vascular calcification (VC) plays a central pathogenetic role. In CKD population, mineral metabolism disorders have been recently investigated not only as key factors on r... |
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-i) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) are considered to be equally effective for patients with diabetic kidney disease, while only ACE-i have been shown to determine a significant reduction in the risk of all-cause mortality, predominantly cardiovascular, in these p... |
To evaluate the relationship between the expression of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in nasal polyp (NP) tissues and the role of MCP-1 in the formation of nasal polyps. |
Previous linkage and association studies may have implicated the Dystrobrevin-binding protein 1 (DTNBP1) gene locus or a gene in linkage disequilibrium with DTNBP1 on chromosome 6p22.3 in genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia. |
To determine whether the glucan binding protein C (GbpC) with LPXAG motif is anchoring to the cell wall of the Streptococcus mutans UA159 (S. mutans UA159). |
Problems with whole-culture synchronization methods for the study of the cell cycle have led to the need for an analysis of protein content during the cell cycle of cells that have not been starved or inhibited. The membrane-elution method is a method that allows the study of the cell cycle by producing a culture of un... |
Epithelial ovarian cancer is a devastating disease associated with low survival prognosis mainly because of the lack of early detection markers and the asymptomatic nature of the cancer until late stage. Using two complementary proteomics approaches, a differential protein expression profile was carried out between low... |
The low concentration and highly hydrophobic nature of proteins in lipid raft samples present significant challenges for the sensitive and accurate proteomic analyses of lipid raft proteins. Elimination of highly enriched lipids and interfering substances from raft samples is generally required before mass spectrometri... |
In recent years, the effects of hepatitis C virus (HCV) proteins on hepatocarcinogenesis have undergone intense investigations. The potentially oncogenic proteins include at least three HCV proteins: core (C) protein, NS3, and NS5A. Several authors indicated relationships between subcellular localization, concentration... |
The synthesis of sulfonimidamides involves the nucleophilic substitution of a sulfonimidoyl chloride with an amine. However, only four chlorinating systems have been reported for the preparation of the sulfonimidoyl chloride intermediates. Whereas some of them have shown a rather limited substrate spectrum, the most ve... |
We report an unusual case of a pontine ischemic stroke associated with activated protein C resistance as well as an embolic source in the form of a cardiac valvular lesion. A 31-year-old man had a sudden onset of right hemiparesis and a severe dysarthria. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a nonhemorrhagic... |
To study the expression of chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) protein and mRNA in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to evaluate the relationship between the expression of CXCR4 protein and the clinicopathology factors, and lymph node metastasis of OSCC. |
Proteins that migrate through cross-linked polyacrylamide gels (PAGs) under the influence of a constant electric field experience negative factors, such as diffusion and non-specific trapping in the gel matrix. These negative factors reduce protein concentrations within a defined gel volume with increasing migration di... |
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mutations of the forkhead transcription factor 2 (FOXL2) gene on the primary and secondary structure of the coded protein and seek for the molecular mechanism of blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES). |
Based on current guidelines, most electrophysiologists today are implanting cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) using a low left ventricular ejection fraction alone as the sole stratifier for the risk of sudden cardiac death. However, left ventricular ejection fraction is a better marker of total mortality than sudden d... |
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is characterized by progressive and ultimately irreversible pancreatic injury. Alcohol abuse is the most common cause of CP in the Western world. As the pathophysiology of this disorder is better understood, it is probable that the treatment will be more successful. Therapeutic efforts for CP ... |
A three-step procedure for the synthesis of multifunctionalized heterocycles from a pyroglutamic acid derivative, glycidyl components and anilines by nucleophilic substitution and cobalt catalysis is presented. |
To study the tumor cell killing function of T lymphocytes stimulated by dendritic cells (DC) and to analyze the differences of protein contents of exosomes in each type of cell. |
Cerebral infarction is a common cause of seizures in neonates with a prevalence of I in 4000 live births. We report two neonates with different presentations due to cerebral infarction and discuss their etiological and neuroradiological findings in this case report. The initial signs were cyanosis and convulsion. In ca... |
Angiotensin II may contribute to liver fibrogenesis. In addition to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), chymase, which is expressed by mast cells, is also known to be an angiotensin II-forming enzyme. However, it is unclear which of these two angiotensin II-forming enzymes plays a more important role in liver cirrhosi... |
Sulfation as catalyzed by the cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs) is known to play an important role in the regulation and homeostasis of monoamine neurotransmitters. The current study was designed to examine the occurrence of the sulfation of 7-hydroxyserotonin and 6-hydroxydopamine by human cytosolic SULTs and to inv... |
The following seven points related to the intake of protein for healthy, exercising individuals constitute the position stand of the Society. They have been approved by the Research Committee of the Society. 1) Vast research supports the contention that individuals engaged in regular exercise training require more diet... |
With a large number of DNA and protein sequences already known, the crucial question is to find out how the biological function of these macromolecules is "written" in the sequence of nucleotides or amino acids. Biological processes in any living organism are based on selective interactions between particular bio-molec... |
Evidence suggests an inverse relationship between soy protein intake and serum concentrations of male sex hormones. Anecdotal evidence indicates that these alterations in serum sex hormones may attenuate changes in lean body mass following resistance training. However, little empirical data exists regarding the effects... |
To investigate the role of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathways in the regulation of benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P)-induced c-Jun activation in human embryo lung fibroblasts (HELFs). |
To investigate the relationship between heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) and DNA genetic damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of coke oven workers and the role of Hsp72 in protection of cells from genetic damage induced by coke oven emissions. |
The herb, Phyllanthus niruri has been known to possess protective activity against various drugs and toxins induced hepatic disorders. Present study was conducted to evaluate the role of the protein isolate of the herb against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced cytotoxicity in mice hepatocytes. In vitro cell viability, lactat... |
In the present study, we analysed the expression of Fas ligand (FasL) and its cognate receptor Fas in 14 seminomatous testicular germ cell tumours (TGCT) and six normal testicular tissues obtained following orchiectomy. Tissue samples have been processed to prepare either total RNA or protein extracts or fixed and embe... |
The internal consistency of the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) was examined in a cohort of 6- to 12-year-old children (N = 63) strictly diagnosed with ADHD. The internal consistency of errors of omission (OMM), errors of commission (COM), response time (RT), and response time variability (RTV) of different test ... |
Vaccination with fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) from Fasciola hepatica has been shown to confer significant levels of protection against challenge infection in mice, rabbits, and sheep. A recombinant 15-kDa FABP (rFh15) has been purified and also shown to be an immunoprotective molecule. From the rFh15 molecule se... |
Ancylostoma caninum is a globally distributed canine parasitic nematode. To test whether positive selection, population structure, or both affect genetic variation at the candidate vaccine target Ancylostoma secreted protein 1 (asp-1), we have quantified the genetic variation in A. caninum at asp-1 and a mitochondrial ... |
Previous observations that in vitro adherence of Biomphalaria glabrata embryonic (Bge) cells to sporocyst larval stages of Schistosoma mansoni was strongly inhibited by fucoidan, a sulfated polymer of L-fucose, suggested a role for lectinlike Bge cell receptors in sporocyst binding interactions. In the present investig... |
Currently available candidate vaccines against schistosomiasis elicit only partial protection. In addition, the type of immune response that could lead to the highest level of protection against schistosomes has not yet been described. Thus, efforts should be made in both the identification of novel proteins essential ... |
An abnormal lipid profile is very frequent in patients with kidney disease due to the well-known nephrotoxicity of lipids. During progression of chronic kidney disease, the excretion of triglycerides, LDL and proteins increases while the glomerular filtration rate declines. Blood lipoproteins and lipids are modulated d... |
The implementation of European Commission directives has radically modified occupational risk management. In fact, widespread and continuous education addressed to exposed workers is seen by the legislator as one of the most effective means to avoid occupational diseases. The recent establishment of Continuing Medical ... |
This study was designed to examine the changes of mRNA and protein levels of activating transcription factor-4 after centrifugal force stimulation in cultured human periodontal ligament (PDL)cells. |
Branched actin networks at the leading edge of a crawling cell evolve via protein-regulated processes such as polymerization, depolymerization, capping, branching, and severing. A formulation of these processes is presented and analyzed to study steady-state network morphology. In bulk, we identify several scaling regi... |
To better understand the electronic and chemical properties of wide-gap oxide surfaces at the atomic scale, experimental work has focused on epitaxial films on metal substrates. Recent findings show that these films are considerably thinner than previously thought. This raises doubts about the transferability of the re... |
Using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), we followed the self-organization process of a supramolecular polymer monolayer deposited on a gold surface. During the growth of ordered domains from small to large scales, the molecule-molecule interactions were found to overrule the coupling to the substrate, causing a reor... |
While actin bundles are used by living cells for structural fortification, the microscopic origin of the elasticity of bundled networks is not understood. Here, we show that above a critical concentration of the actin binding protein fascin, a solution of actin filaments organizes into a pure network of bundles. While ... |
Antinuclear antibodies are detectable in approximately 50% of subjects with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Most clinical laboratories use indirect immunofluorescence microscopy to detect antinuclear antibodies and two labeling patterns that predominate in PBC are nuclear rim and multiple nuclear dots. Antibodies givi... |
The heterogeneous functions of cholangiocytes regulate the physiology of the biliary epithelium regarding secretory, proliferative and apoptotic activities. However, due to their technical difficulties for isolation and culture, the pathophysiology of cholangiocytes was poorly understood. Recently, cutting-edge technol... |
Tight junctions (TJs) are major components of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that physically obstruct the interendothelial space and restrict paracellular diffusion of blood-borne substances from the peripheral circulation to the CNS. TJs are dynamic structures whose intricate arrangement of oligomeric transmembrane and... |
In order to investigate the positive rate of streptococcus suis type 2 and the genes of their suilysin (sly), extracellular protein (epf) and muramidasa-released protein ( mrp) and to understand the antibiotic susceptibility of S. suis type 2. |
To investigate the expression and significance of TR4-associated Protein (TRA16) in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues. |
Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown as an important signaling messenger involved in cardioprotection of ischemic preconditioning (IPC). To date, most studies suggest that NO might provide its protective effects by regulating the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channel via the classic NO/cGMP-dependent pathw... |
Estrogen is a steroid and the predominant female sex hormone in the body. Ovariectomised (OVX) adult female rats exhibit greater myocardial injury compared to the sham rats following ischemic insult in the presence of beta-adrenoceptor stimulation. Estrogen replacement restores the response of OVX female rats to ischem... |
Intermittent hypoxia (IH), or periodic hypoxia is referred as exposure to hypoxia interrupted by normoxia that occurs under many physiological and pathophysiological conditions. A lot of researches showed that IH adaptation, like ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and long-term high-altitude hypoxic adaptation (LHA), had s... |
Adiponectin, derived mainly from white adipose tissue, regulates glucose and fatty acid metabolism and has anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic properties. The decrease in plasma adiponectin concentration contributes to the development of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) ... |
ZnO films were deposited on different structural substrate by rf-reactive Magnetron sputtering. The optical characteristics of ZnO films were studied by X-ray diffraction and optical transmission spectrum. The ZnO films deposited on the Al2 O3 / AlN compound substrate had better crystallized and had a higher transmitta... |
The FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectra of benign pleomorphic adenoma tissues and malignant ones were investigated using the spectrometer GX FTIR Spectroscopy. The results indicated that there were infrared spectra difference between the benign adenoma tissues and the malignant ones in some bands. Compared to the... |
It is very important to evaluate the fresh sample of alfalfa silage using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy technology (NIRS) for animal production. The nutrient content of forage means the contents of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in the forage.... |
Alfalfa hay has high nutritive value, and it is one of the most important protein feed for domestic animals. The quality parameters of alfalfa hay, including CP, Ash, NDF, ADF, ADL and IVDMD, were predicted using Fourier transform near infrared reflectance spectroscopy with PLS regression in this test. Then the 6 model... |
We have previously demonstrated that tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) plays an important role through the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin in the release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) evoked by depolarization or the systemic administration of drugs of abuse such as morphine and nicotine. In the prese... |
K-Cl cotransport is the coupled electroneutral movement of K and Cl ions carried out by at least four protein isoforms, KCC1-4. These transporters belong to the SLC12A family of coupled cotransporters and, due to their multiple functions, play an important role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Significant in... |
This paper describes the development process of an evaluation framework for describing and comparing web survey tools. We believe that this approach will help shape the design, development, deployment, and evaluation of population-based health interventions. A conceptual framework for describing and evaluating web surv... |
The Akt kinase is a serine/threonine protein kinase that has been implicated in mediating a variety of biological responses, is associated with a poor pathophenotype in breast carcinoma, and is involved in hormone and chemotherapy resistance, including resistance to the antiestrogen, tamoxifen. Akt promotes cell surviv... |
To observe the variety of protein analysis of prepackaged foods from different labs of China. |
To identify the expression of micro-calpain mRNA and protein in cerebral tissues of neonatal rats after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) and its role in the pathogenesis of HIBD. |
To study the effect of metformin on insulin receptor (IRc) protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) activity of HIT-T15 cell exposed to high glucose and free fatty acid (FFA) concentration, and to explore the mechanism of metformin (MF) improving beta cell insulin resistance. |
The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution and relationship of fibronectin (FN), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 2, 4 during development of mouse tooth germ. |
To explore the role of pro-apoptotic protein Bim in the mouse thymocyte apoptosis induced by dexamethasone (DEX). |
Microglia-driven inflammatory responses have both neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects in the CNS. The excessive and chronic activation of microglia, however, may shift the balance towards neurotoxic effects. In this regard, proteins secreted from activated microglia likely play a key role in the neurotoxic effects. ... |
Recent studies demonstrate that in addition to its modulatory effect on APP processing, in vivo application of Liver X Receptor agonist T0901317 (T0) to APP transgenic and non-transgenic mice decreases the level of Abeta42. Moreover, in young Tg2576 mice T0 completely reversed contextual memory deficits. Compared to ot... |
We describe a computer program named Pspace designed to a) obtain a reliable basis for the description of three-dimensional structures of a given protein family using homology modeling through selection of an optimal subset of the protein family whose structure would be determined experimentally; and b) aid in the sear... |
The Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) has been shown to block MAP kinase pathway as well as NFkappaB signalling. By means of immunohistochemistry, we previously demonstrated that the MAP kinase pathway is virtually inactive in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). Similarly to MCC in situ high RKIP expression accompanies abse... |
To investigate the efficient transfection of green fluorescent protein gene (GFP) mediated by recombinant adenovirus vector(Ad-GFP) to rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro. |
To explore the effects of TNF alpha on the expression of sterol regulatory element binding proteins cleavage activating protein (SCAP) and triglyceride contents in cells of a model of cultured steatotic hepatocytes. |
Irrespective of the presence of cytotoxic acetogenins and styryl-lactones in the genus Goniothalamus, only 22 species in the genus Goniothalamus, out of 160 species (13.7%) have so far been investigated. In an effort to promote further research on the genus Goniothalamus which could represent a source of drugs for the ... |
We describe the use of antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (AMOs) to restore normal splicing caused by intronic molecular defects identified in methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) and propionic acidemia (PA). The three new point mutations described in deep intronic regions increase the splicing scores of pseudoexons or gene... |
Glypicans are heparan sulfate proteoglycans that are attached to the cell surface by a GPI (glycosylphosphatidylinositol)anchor. Glypicans regulate the activity of Wnts, Hedgehogs,bone morphogenetic proteins and fibroblast growth factors. In the particular case of Wnts, it has been proposed that GPI-anchored glypicans ... |
Human alpha1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha1-PI), also known as antitrypsin, is the most abundant serine protease inhibitor (serpin) in plasma. Its deficiency is associated with development of progressive, ultimately fatal emphysema. Currently in the United States, alpha1-PI is available for replacement therapy as an FDA ... |
Two series of hyperbranched polyesters were synthesized using pentaerythritol as the core by one-step and pseudo-step procedures. The molecular structures of the hyperbranched polyesters were characterized using infrared spectrum and hydroxyl value. Due to their low viscosity, the hyperbranched polyesters were easily c... |
Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) in the form of inclusion bodies expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) was simultaneously refolded and purified using protein folding liquid chromatography (PFLC). Cu2+ -iminodiacetic acid (IDA) Sepharose was selected as the stationary phase for immobil... |
Contrary to the traditional view, recent studies suggest that diabetes mellitus has an adverse influence on male reproductive function. Our aim was to determine the effect of diabetes on the testicular environment by identifying and then assessing perturbations in small molecule metabolites. Testes were obtained from c... |
Heterotrimeric G proteins are ubiquitous signaling partners of seven transmembrane-domain G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest (and most important pharmacologically) receptor family in mammals. A number of scaffolding proteins have been identified that regulate various facets of GPCR signaling. In this revi... |
Dialysis patients have a higher incidence of cerebrovascular events compared with the general population. However, the value of C-reactive protein (CRP) in predicting stroke in chronic haemodialysis patients is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the association between serum CRP levels and ischaemic stoke ... |
To investigate whether introducing promoterless DNA containing the cDNA sequence of green fluorescent protein (GFP) induces gene-specific silencing in human pancreatic cancer cell line harboring genomically integrated GFP gene. |
In eukaryotes, DNA is organized into chromatin in a dynamic manner that enables it to be accessed for processes such as transcription and repair. Histones, the chief protein component of chromatin, must be assembled, replaced or exchanged to preserve or change this organization according to cellular needs. Histone chap... |
Sulfur, after calcium and phosphorus, is the most abundant mineral element found in our body. It is available to us in our diets, derived almost exclusively from proteins, and yet only 2 of the 20 amino acids normally present in proteins contains sulfur. One of these amino acids, methionine, cannot be synthesized by ou... |
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