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Pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV) RNA replication in pea cotyledonary tissues was restricted largely to a zone of cells close to the infection front. In situ hybridization probes representing nine genes from two pathways of metabolism failed to detect RNA transcripts within this zone, although transcripts were found ... |
I have used data from input-output studies to determine the quantities of primary and electric energy consumed in the agricultural, processing, transportation, wholesale and retail trade, and household sectors for personal consumption of food. Before one draws conclusions from these results, it is important to note the... |
Much of the controversy concerning the theory of punctuated equilibrium stems from skepticism about the biologic validity of fossil morphospecies, particularly for supposedly simple invertebrate taxa like cheilostome Bryozoa that form the bulk of the fossil record. However, evidence from breeding experiments and protei... |
N-beta-Alanyldopamine is the major tyrosine metabolite in the hemolymph and cuticle during pupal tanning in the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta L. Its concentration in hemolymph increases over 800-fold above larval levels by the start of tanning and decreases as the pupal cuticle darkens and hardens. It is a major cate... |
Cyanobacterial picoplankton contribute substantially to oceanic primary productivity. The colored protein phycoerythrin is the major component of their light-harvesting apparatus. It was found that in Synechococcus strain DC2 a variable proportion of the light energy absorbed by phycoerythrin is lost as autofluorescenc... |
A digitonin-solubilized cellulose synthase was prepared from Acetobacter xylinum. When this enzyme was incubated under conditions known to lead to active synthesis of 1,4-beta-D-glucan polymer (cellulose), electron microscopy revealed that clusters of fibrils were assembled within minutes. Individual fibrils are 17 +/-... |
Scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with cell isolation procedures revealed details of the packing of threads in hagfish slime gland thread cells. Biochemical studies indicate that the thread is largely composed of a protein subunit with a molecular weight of 63,500. Mathematical calculations suggest that the t... |
Small doses of cycloheximide given at intervals (pulses) cause phase shifts of the circadian clock of Neurospora. The effects of this drug on the clock are mediated through its inhibition of protein synthesis, since two cycloheximide-resistant mutants whose 80S ribosomes are resistant to cycloheximide showed no phase s... |
Enzymes from chick and rat tissues catalyze the reaction of N-methyl tryptamine with 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid to form 2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-2-methyl-1H-pyrido[3,4b] indole. N,N-Dimethyltryptamine was not formed. With tryptamine as substrate the product is 2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4b] indole and not N-methyltrypt... |
Under optimum conditions, young healthy individuals of each livestock species may convert about one-third of the digestible protein in its feed into tissue protein in its body. Of this tissue protein, we use about half as food. |
1. Insulinotropic effects were obtained with a protein fraction of the anterior pituitary, with estradiol and with stilbestrol. 2. Varying diabetogenic effects were obtained with highly purified prolactin preparations, with progesterone, with testosterone and with a fraction, probably also protein, from the anterior pi... |
Biochemical and genetic studies of a tobacco mutant resistant to the herbicides chlorsulfuron and sulfometuron methyl have demonstrated that these sulfonylurea herbicides inhibit acetolactate synthase, the first enzyme specific to the branched chain amino acid biosynthetic pathway. Resistance of this mutant is accompli... |
The racemic and meso diastereomers of an electron-rich binucleating tetraphosphine ligand have been used to prepare homobimetallic rhodium norbornadiene complexes. The racemic bimetallic Rh complex is an excellent hydroformylation catalyst for 1-alkenes, giving both a high rate of reaction and high regioselectivity for... |
Cholinesterase is found at the sites for mechanoelectric conversion of Pacinian corpuscles; its acetylcholinesplitting activity is of the same order of magnitude as that of the cholinesterase at neuromuscular junctions. The enzyme is not a typical acetylcholinesterase. |
The milk of Zalophus californianus is similar to that of other marine mammals. The chief protein of the milk is casein, which has a lower phosphorus content than bovine casein. There appears to be a complete absence of lactose, and it is believed that this is the first unequivocal demonstration of the absence of lactos... |
The proposed role of the 30-kilodalton(kD) protein of tobacco mosaic virus is to facilitate cell-to-cell spread of the virus-during infection. To directly define the function of the protein, a chimeric gene containing a cloned complementary DNA of the 30-kD protein gene was introduced into tobacco cells via a Ti plasmi... |
At the present time the experimental evidence demonstrates that supplements of methionine will decrease the degree of liver damage produced by toxic agents in protein-depleted animals. In animals receiving a normal protein intake of 20-per cent or 41-per cent casein, methionine supplements did not decrease the degree o... |
The herbicide glyphosate is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate- 3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase in higher plants. A complementary DNA (cDNA) clone encoding EPSP synthase was isolated from a complementary DNA library of a glyphosate-tolerant Petunia hybrida cell line (MP4-G) that overproduces the enzyme... |
Although the three-dimensional structure of the bacterial photosynthetic reaction center (RC) reveals a high level of structural symmetry, with two nearly equivalent potential electron transfer pathways, the RC is functionally asymmetric: Electron transfer occurs along only one of the two possible pathways. In order to... |
Studies in heterogeneous catalysis have long speculated on or have provided indirect evidence for the role of hydrogen embedded in the catalyst bulk as a primary reactant. This report describes experiments carried out under single-collision conditions that document the distinctive reactivity of hydrogen embedded in the... |
Treatment of human red blood cell membranes with phospholipase C releases 68 to 74 percent of the total membrane phosphorus into solution, through hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids to diglycerides and water-soluble phosphorylated amines. In spite of this drastic change, the membrane remains intact in phase microscop... |
Puromycin stimulates substrate consumption and initiates an accumulation of amino acids in uredospores of the corn rust fungus. The results indicate that under suitable conditions uredospores should be able to synthesize appreciable quantities of amino acids, but must be stimulated to do so. |
Light-oriented chloroplast movement is reversibly inhibited by cytochalasin B. The photoperception is not influenced by this inhibitor. These results support the assumption that contractile protein fibrils are essential for this intracellular movement. |
The dimensions of the topographical signals for growth orientation and infection structure formation, a cell differentiation event that includes nuclear division, were determined for the stomatal penetrating rust fungus Uromyces appendiculatus. The differentiation signal was found to be a simple ridge on the substrate ... |
In the liver of the intact mouse, the conversion of exogenous folic acid to compounds with citrovorum-factor activity is inhibited completely by an amount of amethopterin similar to that bound to the enzyme folic acid reductase in vitro. Because this amount of amethopterin is several thousand times smaller than the LD(... |
It has been suggested that enzymatic catalysis plays a major role in regulating the mass transport of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into the oceans. Evidence for this mechanism was not found in a series of gas exchange experiments in which the gas transfer rate coefficients for samples obtained from various natura... |
Bacteria-free suspensions of larvae of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Stimpson) were prepared without the use of antibiotics. Net rates of removal of 18 amino acids, each supplied at 125 nanomoles per liter, and the appearance of ammonia were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Taurine and acidic and ba... |
Corn leaf aphids, European corn borers, and southern corn leaf blight were more abundant on corn exposed to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide than they were on unexposed corn. Protein levels were higher in corn plants that were exposed to several dosages of 2,4-D, and this may have favored the growth of ... |
Tubular aluminophosphate molecular sieve crystals were grown at an organic interface with their channels (7 angstroms in cross section) vertical to the substrate. To induce surface nucleation and oriented growth of AIPO(4)-5 crystals, organophosphonate layers cross-linked with Zr(IV) were assembled on a gold substrate ... |
The quantitative structure of the core of the spiral-shaped traveling wave of chemical activity appearing in a thin excitable layer of the Belousov-Zhabotinskii reaction, in which the oxidation and decarboxylation of malonic acid by bromate ions is catalyzed by ferroin, was analyzed experimentally. Light absorption by ... |
The administration of vita-min D(3) to rachitic chicks induces in intestinal mucosal tissue the formation or elaboration of a calcium-binding factor which is found in the supernatant of the mucosal homogenate. The enhanced binding of Ca by the "vitanmin D" supernatant (in contrast to "rachitic" supernatant) was indicat... |
The blood of the deep-sea hydrothermal vent tube worm Riftia pachyptila Jones contains a sulfide-binding protein that appears to concentrate sulfide from the environment and may function for sulfide transport to the internal endosymbiotic bacteria contained within the coelomic organ, the trophosome. |
Measurements of the temporal variation in the stratospheric nitric oxide concentration covering a time period from 11:00 to 20:30 local time show the effect of solar ultraviolet sunset. The experimental results strongly support the theorized role of nitric oxide as a catalyst in the destruction of ozone and its importa... |
Utilization of labeled proline by the yeast Candida utilis has been studied. Conversion of the labeled material to biochemically related compounds was observed in the metabolic pools in this organism. The kinetic flow of these molecules into protein was observed, and an explanation is proposed in terms of the absolute ... |
The sponge, Mycale laevis, when encrusting the lower surfaces of flattened reef corals, induces marked peripheral folding of the host colonies. This relationship, though facultative, has advantages for both associates. The sponge has a continually enlarging substrate that is free from competitive sessile forms. The cor... |
Arcelin, a major seed protein discovered in wild beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), has toxic effects on an important bean bruchid pest, Zabrotes subfasciatus. Transfer of the arcelin-1 allele to bean cultivars and addition of purified arcelin to artificial seeds results in high levels of insect resistance. The nucleotide and... |
Enzyme preparations from young corn shoots lacked the coenzyme, flavin mononucleotide, that is required for glycolic acid oxidation. When the coenzyme was added to the shoots, the rate of carbon dioxide production during photosynthesis increased. Shoots of wheat or oats did not lack the coenzyme. |
Optical microscopy shows that the protein network in endosperm cells of normal corn is composed of an amorphous matrix in which granules averaging about 2 microns in diameter are embedded. That these granules are rich in zein is demonstrated by their solubility in 80 percent ethanol. High-lysine corn, with submicroscop... |
From the Committee's extensive study of the Bureau's functions, its programs for discharging these functions, the facilities of the Bureau and its professional personnel, as well as from discussions with many scientists and engineers, it has reached some general conclusions. The major ones are listed: 1. The Bureau of ... |
Tris(1-aziridinyl)-phosphine Oxide inhibits the growth of seedling grasses with concomitant accumulation of anthocyanins and exudation of sap. Treated plants are deficient in cell-wall materials. However, the percentage of Other metabolic products, such as protein and simple sugars, is increased. We suggest that this c... |
Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS) is a powerful tool for rapidly generating high-throughput protein profiles from a large number of samples. However, the events that occur between the first and last sample run are likely to introduce technical variation in the ... |
The in vivo synthesis of rat plasma lipoproteins was studied by the use of isotopic protein and lipid precursors. Labelled amino acids, palmitic acid and tripalmitin were administered by stomach tube and the radioactivity in the plasma lipoproteins was determined following preparative ultracentrifugal isolation at dens... |
Monoethylenic fatty acids from herring oil were concentrated by chromatography by chromatography on silver nitratesilicic acid columns. Examination of consecutive fractions by open tubular gas chromatography confirmed the preferential elution of longer chain length esters and of esters within one chain length with the ... |
A micromethod for the localization of double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids via ozonolysis employing pyrolytic cleavage of ozonides in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst is described. Cleavage of the ozonides is carried out in a gasliquid chromatographie instrument in a small glass tube, containing the catalyst... |
Iron and ascorbic acid appear to be the normal catalytic components responsible for the lipid peroxidation reaction in aerobically incubated rat tissue homogenates. The amounts of each present in the catalytically-active fractions of rat liver, brain, testis, and kidney are appropriate to explain the lipid peroxidation... |
Seed of 194 species in 56 genera of Labiatae, representing six of the eight subfamilies, were analyzed for oil and protein and for fatty acid composition of the oil. The oils are diverse and include some that contain up to 70% oleic acid, 79% linoleic acid, or 72% linolenic acid. An allenic function occurs in a third o... |
Evidence is presented as to the nature and mechanism of the stimulatory effect of the supernatant fraction on the biosynthesis of triglycerides via the alpha-glycerophosphate pathway in the intestinal mucosa. When microsomes are employed as the enzyme source, the major lipid formed from either labeled palmitic acid orL... |
Chemical composition of subcellular components of HeLa, KB, human heart and liver tissue-culture cell lines have been studied.The concentration of RNA, protein and phospholipid (mug/mug of DNA) of total subcellular particles was similar for all four cell lines studied. The greatest RNA concentration and lowest protein ... |
Treatment with proteolytic enzymes before the addition of the phospholipid substrate increases the activity of the phospholipases of the spleen, thymys, bone marrow, lung, and liver of the rat. In contrast, the phospholipase activity of the intestine, which is higher than that of all other normal tissues, is not increa... |
Ring location in cyclopropane fatty acid esters is accomplished simply and unequivocally with submilligram samples. The technique involves reductive ring opening with platinum catalyst and hydrogen in glacial acetic acid, to give a mixture of branched-chain and straight-chain acid esters. The sample is analyzed with a ... |
When whale oil triglycerides were subjected to pancreatic lipase hydrolysis, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids were found mainly in the di- and triglyceride products, suggesting that they are in the 1,3-positions but resistant to the action of the lipase. Their presence in the 1,3-positions was confirmed. Thei... |
Acid (pH 5.2) and neutral (pH 7.1) lipase activity was studied in order to localize the sites of lipolysis in cellular fractions of catabolic organ of Douglas fir seed. Cellular particles were separated by differential centrifugation of the tissue homogenate and identified by electron microscopy. Emulsified native neut... |
Acetone powders prepared fromVernonia anthelmintica seed catalyzed the release of 6.4 to 9.6 mu-moles of free fatty acids per milligram of protein when blended with olive oil and phosphate buffer and shaken for 20 min at 43 C. A 20 fold purification was achieved by differential centrifugation of an ammonium hydroxide e... |
A procedure is described for determining the stereospecific structure of triacid triglycerides containing oleic acid. The method utilizes the unique specificity of the lipase system fromGeotricum candidum for hydrolyzing fatty acids which containcis-9-unsaturation.The procedure involves a pancreatic lipase hydrolysis o... |
The metabolism of(14)C- and(3)H-labeled alkyl glyceryl ethers after intraperitoneal injections was examined in the liver and intestine of the rat. Additionally, in vitro experiments were conducted with intestinal homogenates and intetinal contents.From these investigations it was concluded that the liver and the intest... |
Automated analyses were used to determine the effect of retinol on the activity of the following proteolytic enzymes: ficin (EC 3.4.4.12), bromelain (EC 3.4.4. 24), trypsin (EC 3.4.4.4.), chymotrypsin A (EC 3.4.4.5), papain (EC 3.4.4.10), clostridiopeptidase A (EC 3.4.4.19), pepsin (EC 3.4.4.1), cathepsin D (EC 3.4.4. ... |
A one-carbon degradation of long-chain fatty acids, which was found to occur in the brains of rats in vivo, has been investigated in a brain microsomal fraction in vitro. Decarboxylation of the alpha-hydroxy acid, a possible intermediate product between the substrate and the next shorter acid, in the presence of brain ... |
A circum-annual study of the fatty acids of brown adipose tissue triglycerides ofEptesicus fuscus has demonstrated a rhythmic pattern of change. This is seen as a reciprocal shift of the levels of oleic and linoleic acids. Oleic acid levels are lower during the summer months and higher in the winter months. Levels of p... |
This report is concerned mainly with the properties of an enzyme from rat liver microsomes which hydrolyzes the alkenyl ether bond of 1-(1'-alk-1'-enyl)-glycero-3-phosphoryl-choline (alkenyl-GPC hydrolase).Destruction of the normal environment of the microsomes by treatment with phospholipases A or C caused inactivatio... |
The lipase system fromGeotrichum candidum preferentially hydrolyzed oleic acid, regardless of position, from the four possible racemic triglycerides containing oleate and palmitate. The rate of hydrolysis of these glycerides was most rapid when the substrate contained two moles of oleate. This acid was also preferentia... |
Myelin fractions were prepared from brains of 9- to 90-day-old rats by continuous and discontinuous sucrose density gradient procedures. Total protein and lipid content of myelin showed little variation, but lipid composition changed significantly during maturation. Cholesterol, galactolipids, and ethanolamine glycerop... |
Soluble protein from the defective strain PM2 of tobacco mosaic virus can be recognized as antigenically distinct from the protein of the wild-type tobacco mosaic virus by Ouchterlony and immunoelectrophoretic analyses at temperatures below 37 degrees C. At these temperatures a polymerized state of protein with a chara... |
There are fundamental differences in the behavior of alumina-supported samples of a platinum and a copper-chromium catalyst for oxidation of carbon monoxide in a simulated automotive exhaust stream. Ignoring such differences can result in inappropriate comparisons between oxidation catalysts for automotive application. |
The examples discussed here represent only a small part of the published work relating to infrared spectra of adsorbed molecules. The publications in this field indicate that infrared spectroscopy is being used for surface chemistry research in about 50 laboratories throughout the world. This effort is mainly devoted t... |
An "escape hatch" from the cocoon of Antheraea pernyi is established by the hydrolytic action of a virtually pure proteinase which the moth first secretes and then dissolves by means of a solvent which maintains the enzyme at optimum pH. The proteinase is both synthesized and secreted by the maxillary galeae. The solve... |
An alkaline medium (Sabouraud's dextrose or maltose agar of pH 10.5) was found to be selective for dermatophytes in the presence of the rapidly growing saprophytic fungi and has been used to isolate dermatophytes from mixed cultures and leather. Virulent dysentery bacteria are able to grow in media of alkaline pH value... |
The self-assembly of monodisperse gold and silver colloid particles into monolayers on polymer-coated substrates yields macroscopic surfaces that are highly active for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Particles are bound to the substrate through multiple bonds between the colloidal metal and functional groups ... |
Assimilation of carbon-14 labeled bicarbonate into photosynthetic products was measured at four stations in the Southern Ocean. Phytoplankton populations incorporated as much as 80 percent of the fixed carbon into lipid under conditions of low temperatures (-0.2 degrees to -1.8 degrees C) and low light intensities. At ... |
In a cell-free system, with RNA from a suppressible mutant of bacteriophage R17 as messenger,. no functional coat protein of the bacteriophage is synthesized unless serine-accepting soluble RNA from the suppressor strain, Escherichia coli S26RIE, is present. |
The adenosine triphosphatase protein from cilia of Tetrahymena pyriformis consists of 30S and 14S fractions. The 30S fraction consists of rod-like particles, 70 to 90 angstroms in diameter, which are linear polymers of globular 14S units. The 14S units have a molecular weight of approximately 600,000. The enzymatic pro... |
A variation of the Lineweaver and Burk graph, in which the reciprocal of the square root of the initial reaction velocity is plotted as a function of the reciprocal of the substrate concentration, has been described in the literature and has subsequently been used as the basis of proposals of reaction mechanisms. The u... |
It has been found that the excretion of penicillin by a renal tubular transport mechanism could be physiologically inhibited reversibly. The basis for this effect is thought to be one of substrate competition between penicillin, which is excreted by the tubules, and 4'-carboxyphenyl-methanesulfonanilide, which is essen... |
In vitro experiments with saliva resulted in precipitation of a mineral substance (dahllite or carbonate hydroxyapatite) which is comparable in composition and crystal structure to oral calculus. Similar mineral substances were produced from synthetic solutions containing sodium phosphate and calcium chloride (in addit... |
Transgenic tobacco and Arabidopsis thaliana expressing the bacterial enzyme salicylate hydroxylase cannot accumulate salicylic acid (SA). This defect not only makes the plants unable to induce systemic acquired resistance, but also leads to increased susceptibility to viral, fungal, and bacterial pathogens. The enhance... |
In the report "A plant leucine zipper protein that recognizes an abscisic acid element" by M. J. Guiltinan et al. (12 Oct., p. 267), figure 2 (p. 269) was incorrectly printed. The legend was correct. The correct figure appears below. |
Sea urchin skeletal elements are composed of single crystals of calcite. Unlike their synthetic counterparts, these crystals do not have well-developed cleavage and are consequently much more resistant to fracture. This phenomenon is due in part to the presence of acidic glycoproteins occluded within the crystals. By m... |
Traps of the carnivorous hydrophyte Utricularia vulgaris Linnaeus (Lentibulariaceae) have structures termed antennae and bristles around their trapdoors that increase their rate of entrapment of the substrate-dwelling prey Chydorus sphaericus (Chydoridae, Crustacea). The kind and number of these structures are importan... |
It's official: Scientists say they have definite proof that prehistoric Indians in the southwestern United States not only killed, butchered, and cooked, but actually ate other human beings. The evidence, reported in this week's issue of Nature, takes the form of a dried chunk of human excrement, or coprolite, containi... |
Polythiophene (Pth) was electrochemically deposited onto stainless steel substrate from freshly distilled boron fluoride-ethyl ether containing 10 millimoles of thiophene per liter. The free-standing Pth film obtained at an applied potential of 1.3 volts (versus Ag/AgCl) had a conductivity of 48.7 siemens per centimete... |
A strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae capable of simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation of highly polymerized starch oligosaccharides was constructed. The Aspergillus awamori glucoamylase enzyme, form GAI, was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by means of the promoter and termination regions from a yeast enolase g... |
A method is described for detecting extraterrestrial life, based on catalysis of isotopic oxygen exchange between water and oxygen-containing anions such as phosphate, nitrate, or sulfate. This catalytic activity appears to be unique to living systems. Its applicability requires very few assumptions concerning the chem... |
Peroxidase has been thought to be the only enzyme that oxidizes monolignol precursors to initiate lignin formation in plants. A laccase was purified from cell walls of differentiating xylem of loblolly pine and shown to coincide in time and place with lignin formation and to oxidize monolignols to dehydrogenation produ... |
Monospecific antiserum to highly purified second component of human complement (C'2) was used to show the absence of the protein from the serums of four persons homozygous for a hereditary deficiency of second-component activity. Serum from an individual heterozygous for the deficiency contained a reduced amount of thi... |
Allergic encephalomyelitis was produced in rats by passive transfer of lymph node cells from donors immunized intradernmally with nleural tissute or an encephalitogenic basic protein pluts adjulvants. The same basic protein, injected intravenously into the recipients before or after transfer of lymph node cells, preven... |
The formation of high-quality thin films of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is important in many applications ranging from material reinforcement to molecular electronics. Laser ablation, a technique widely used to deposit a variety of inorganic materials, can also be used as a simple and highly versatile method for for... |
The title of the Nobel Lecture of George Palade (1 August, p. 347) should have been "Intracellular aspects of the process of protein secretion." |
The high-resolution structure of halophilic malate dehydrogenase (hMDH) from the archaebacterium Haloarcula marismortui was determined by x-ray crystallography. Comparison of the three-dimensional structures of hMDH and its nonhalophilic congeners reveals structural features that may promote the stability of hMDH at hi... |
It has been proposed that Aztec human sacrifice and cannibalism can best be explained as a response to population pressure and famine. The greatest amount of cannibalism, however, coincided with times of harvest, not with periods of scarcity, and is better explained as a thanksgiving. Tenochtitlan recevied large quanti... |
The endogenous small subunit of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase gene rbcS and the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding protein gene (LHCP) of pea are expressed in a light-inducible manner and are active mainly in green chloroplast-containing tissue. Chimeric genes under control of the 5'-flanking sequence... |
The low-temperature heat capacity behavior of naturally occuring water in Wyodak coal indicates that there are two types of water present. More than two-thirds is "nonfreezable," displaying no evidence of a phase transition in the neighborhood of 273 K where normal bulk water melts. The remainder is "freezable," displa... |
A recently discovered predatory ciliate has an unusual developmental pattern in which the swimming cells cease feeding and aggregate on a substrate near the surface of a liquid medium. The aggregate then rises aerially, producing an acellular stalk and a sorus of encysted cells. Sorogenesis requires alternate light and... |
Throughout the Research Article "Autoproteolysis in hedgehog protein biogenesis" by John J. Lee et al. (2 Dec., p. 1528) the word "disc" was incorrectly spelled "disk." In figure 4C (p. 1531), lane 9 should have been labeled "flu227," not "flu408." |
A novel concept for performing stoichiometric and catalytic chemical transformations has been developed that is based on the limited miscibility of partially or fully fluorinated compounds with nonfluorinated compounds. A fluorous biphase system (FBS) consists of a fluorous phase containing a dissolved reagent or catal... |
Performance of enzymes and whole cells in commercial applications can often be dramatically improved by immobilization of the biocatalysts, for instance, by their covalent attachment to or adsorption on solid supports, entrapment in polymeric gels, encapsulation, and cross-linking. The effect of immobilization on enzym... |
Analysis of the subunit polypeptide composition of Fraction 1 proteins gives information on the expression of both nuclear and chloroplast genomes; the large subunits of the protein are coded by chloroplast DNA, whereas the small subunits are coded by nuclear DNA. Fraction 1 protein isolated from the leaves of parasexu... |
2-Aminoethylphosphonic acid has been isolated from a hydrolysate of insoluble proteinaceous material of Metridium dianthus in 1.1 percent yield. It appears to be incorporated in the protein structure; when trichloroacetic acid is added to partial hydrolysates, precipitates form from which this compound is released on c... |
A recent article by William Booth on the President's AIDS commission (News & Comment, 16 Oct., p. 262) incorrectly states that commission member Cory SerVaas, publisher of the Saturday Evening Post, drives her AIDS Mobile around the country. SerVaas does not drive the traveling van that offers free AIDS testing. Rather... |
The polarization force between an electrically charged atomic force microscope tip and a substrate has been used to follow the processes of condensation and evaporation of a monolayer of water on mica at room temperature. Condensation proceeds in two distinct structural phases. Up to about 25 percent humidity, the wate... |
Highly localized chemical catalysis was carried out on the surface groups of a self-assembled monolayer with a scanning probe device. With the use of a platinum-coated atomic force microscope tip, the terminal azide groups of the monolayer were catalytically hydrogenated with high spatial resolution. The newly created ... |
Molecular dynamics simulations and atomic force microscopy are used to investigate the atomistic mechanisms of adhesion, contact formation, nanoindentation, separation, and fracture that occur when a nickel tip interacts with a gold surface. The theoretically predicted and experimentally measured hysteresis in the forc... |
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