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Central nervous system glial cells release and respond to nucleotides under both physiological and pathological conditions, suggesting that these molecules play key roles in both normal brain function and in repair after damage. In particular, ATP released from astrocytes activates P2 receptors on astrocytes and other ... |
Brain-resident macrophages (microglia) are key cellular elements in the preservation of tissue integrity. On the other hand, they can also contribute to the development of pathological events by causing an extensive and inappropriate inflammatory response. A growing number of reports indicate the involvement of nucleot... |
Downstream A₃ receptor signalling plays an important role in the regulation of cell death and proliferation. Therefore, it is important to determine the molecular pathways involved through A₃ receptor stimulation. The phosphatidylinositide-3-OH kinase (PI3K)/Akt and the Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK/ERK) k... |
The main source of cholesterol in the central nervous system (CNS) is represented by glial cells, mainly astrocytes, which also synthesise and secrete apolipoproteins, in particular apolipoprotein E (ApoE), the major apolipoprotein in the brain, thus generating cholesterol-rich high density lipoproteins (HDLs). This ch... |
Wound healing is a complex sequence of cellular and molecular processes that involves multiple cell types and biochemical mediators. Several growth factors have been identified that regulate tissue repair, including the neurotrophin nerve growth factor (NGF). As non-adenine based purines (NABPs) are known to promote ce... |
Cytosolic 5' nucleotidase II (cN-II) catalyses both the hydrolysis of a number of nucleoside monophosphates (e.g., IMP + H₂O--> inosine + Pi), and the phosphate transfer from a nucleoside monophosphate donor to the 5' position of a nucleoside acceptor (e.g., IMP + guanosine --> inosine + GMP). The enzyme protein functi... |
Our knowledge of the structure and function of alkaline phosphatases has increased greatly in recent years. The crystal structure of the human placental isozyme has enabled us to probe salient features of the mammalian enzymes that differ from those of the bacterial enzymes. The availability of knockout mice deficient ... |
Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (ecto-5'-NT) is attached via a GPI anchor to the extracellular membrane, where it hydrolyses AMP to adenosine and phosphate. Related 5'-nucleotidases exist in bacteria, where they are exported into the periplasmic space. X-ray structures of the 5'-nucleotidase from E. coli showed that the enzyme co... |
Nucleotides and nucleosides influence nearly every aspect of physiology and pathophysiology. Extracellular nucleotides are metabolized through regulated phosphohydrolysis by a series of ecto-nucleotidases. The formation of extracellular adenosine from adenosine 5'-monophosphate is accomplished primarily through ecto-5'... |
Since the identification of CD39 and other members of the e-NTPDase (ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase) family as the primary enzymes responsible for cell surface nucleotide hydrolysis, one of their most intriguing features has been their unusual topology. The active site lies in the large extracellular r... |
Higher plants exhibit cellular responsiveness to the exogenous application of purine nucleotides in a manner consistent with a cell-cell signaling function for these molecules. Like animals, plants respond to extracellular ATP, ADP, and stable analogues (e.g., ATPgammaS and ADPbetaS) by increasing the cytoplasmic conce... |
Ectonucleotidases are ectoenzymes that hydrolyze extracellular nucleotides to the respective nucleosides. Within the past decade, ectonucleotidases belonging to several enzyme families have been discovered, cloned and characterized. In this article, we specifically address the cell surface-located members of the ecto-n... |
The role of nucleotides in intracellular energy provision and nucleic acid synthesis has been known for a long time. In the past decade, evidence has been presented that, in addition to these functions, nucleotides are also autocrine and paracrine messenger molecules that initiate and regulate a large number of biologi... |
The purines ATP and adenosine play an important role in the communication between the photoreceptors and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). While the RPE is known to release ATP into subretinal space, the source of extracellular adenosine is unclear. In other tissues, ecto-nucleotidases mediate the consecutive depho... |
Extracellular nucleotides stimulate human neutrophils by activating the purinergic P2Y(2) receptor. However, it is not completely understood which types of G proteins are activated downstream of this P2 receptor subtype. We investigated the G-protein coupling to P2Y(2) receptors and several subsequent signaling events.... |
Nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases 1, 2, 3 and 8 (NTPDases 1, 2, 3 and 8) are the dominant ectonucleotidases and thereby expected to play important roles in nucleotide signaling. Distinct biochemical characteristics of individual NTPDases should allow them to regulate P2 receptor activation differentially. The... |
The protein family of ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (E-NTPDase family) contains multiple members that hydrolyze nucleoside 5'-triphosphates and nucleoside 5'-diphosphates with varying preference for the individual type of nucleotide. We report the cloning and functional expression of rat NTPDase3. Th... |
Chemical modification in combination with site-directed mutagenesis was used to identify a tyrosine residue responsible for the increase in ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 3 (NTPDase3) nucleotidase activity after acetylation with a tyrosine-selective reagent, N-acetylimidazole. The NTPDase3 ATPase activ... |
Extracellular ATP enhances the mitogenic activity of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) in astrocytes, but the molecular mechanism underlying this synergistic interaction is not known. To determine whether the potentiating effect of extracellular ATP involves cell cycle control mechanisms, we have measured the expressio... |
A capillary electrophoresis (CE) method for the characterization of recombinant NTPDases 1, 2, and 3, and for assaying NTPDase inhibitors has been developed performing the enzymatic reaction within the capillary. After hydrodynamic injection of plugs of substrate solution with or without inhibitor in reaction buffer, f... |
P2Y(2) receptors, which are equally responsive to ATP and UTP, can trigger intracellular signaling events, such as intracellular calcium mobilization and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphorylation in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Moreover, extracellular nucleotides have been shown to prime chemoattrac... |
Altered expression of endothelial markers - especially adhesion molecules - is diagnostically helpful for diagnosis of ante mortal undiagnosed sepsis. Up to now it is unclear whether (1) expression of Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and/or VE-cadherin (VEC) plays a comparable role, (2) whether expression intensity ... |
Research on the structure, regulation and signalling properties of the family of seven-transmembrane-helix, heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G-protein)-coupled receptors (GPCRs) continues at a frantic pace. This reflects their central role in transmission of hormone- and neurotransmitter-encoded infor... |
The signaling of fat mass to central nervous system (CNS) regulators of food intake, energy expenditure and fertility has been inferred by experimental physiologists for over 75 years. The ability to modify such phenotypes based upon the status of body energy stores (fat) has critical survival value and, therefore, has... |
Mutations in a gene referred to as Dax-1 cause an X-linked form of adrenal hypoplasia congenita (AHC). The disorder is limited to males and is characterized by neonatal adrenal insufficiency and failure to undergo puberty because of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Consistent with these clinical manifestations, the Dax-1... |
The 90kDa heat shock protein, hsp90, is a major molecular chaperone of the cell that appears to have particular significance to cellular regulatory processes. New tools and approaches have revealed a number of target proteins for hsp90, most of which are protein kinases or transcription factors. While the mechanism of ... |
The study of the 9S, untransformed state of steroid receptors has led to the discovery of a multiprotein chaperone system that assembles heterocomplexes between hsp90 and a variety of proteins involved in signal transduction. Using the formation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-hsp90 heterocomplexes as a model, we have ... |
In the decade since the cloning and sequencing of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) and the recognition that the circulating GH-binding protein (GHBP) is structurally identical to the extracellular domain of the GHR, 34 mutations have been described. These include one deletion, eight nonsense mutations, eleven missense... |
Phosphatidylinositol transfer protein (PITP) has been identified as a key player in numerous signalling pathways relying on phosphatidylinositol (PI) metabolites. Although its cellular function is most likely linked to its PI/phosphatidylcholine (PC) transfer activity-an in vitro activity shared by all known PITPs-this... |
Protein Targeting Protocols Edited by Robert A. Clegg. Totowa, Humana, 1998, $79.50 (xii+ 331 pages), ISBN 0-896-03450-X. |
Hypoglycemia associated with nonislet cell tumors is a relatively rare metabolic disorder, which develops in the presence of low or unmeasurable serum insulin levels. Understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms has been obscured by the lack of appropriate analytic methods. It now appears that this disorder can be clas... |
The peptidergic signal substance TRH is inactivated by the TRH-degrading enzyme, a peptidase that exhibits a high degree of substrate specificity and other unusual characteristics. The tissue-specific regulation of the adenohypophyseal enzyme by estradiol and thyroid hormones suggests that it may serve an integrative f... |
Analysis of growth factor function has come from studies both in vitro and in vivo. However, the generation of mice deficient in a specific growth factor via gene targeting (for example, "knockout") strategies in embryonic stem (ES) cells will often evaluate the essential roles of the protein in vivo and, in many cases... |
Although most tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors directly bind Src homology 2 (SH2) proteins, the insulin receptor, and a select group of other hormone receptors-including an emerging group of cytokine receptors-phosphorylate intracellular insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins, which subsequently bind SH2 prot... |
The recent cloning of the human enzyme 11beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11betaHSD2), and the demonstration of point mutations or deletions in both familial and apparently sporadic cases of apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME), underlines the importance of this enzyme in excluding glucocorticoids from mine... |
Adrenal glucocorticoid hormones, released in response to stress activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA), are powerful regulators of cellular function. Analysis of early (10 min to <3 h) glucocorticoid inhibition of ACTH secretion from anterior pituitary corticotropes is providing insight into potent... |
In the adrenal cortex, the potent mineralocorticoid, aldosterone, is produced in the zoba glomerulosa but not in the zona fasciculata/reticularis. In rodents and humans, two distinct species of P-450(C18) (aldosterone synthase) and P-450(11beta) (11beta-hydroxylase) are expressed in the adrenal cortex. The selective ex... |
A wide array of prostanoids, which includes prostaglandins D(2), E(2), F(2alpha), I(2), and thromboxane A(2), has been known to exert regulatory effects in many endocrine systems for over 3 decades. More recently, however, molecular biological techniques have uncovered new findings that have brought about radical chang... |
alphaN inhibin (molecular mass 23 24 kD) is present in the pro-alphaN-alphaC subunit of inhibin and can be released by cleavage at the flanking arginine residues during posttranslational processing. Although the alphaN protein isolated from bovine follicular fluid has no inhibinlike (FSH suppressing) activity, alphaN i... |
Mevalonate is the rate-limiting substrate leading to farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), the central intermediate for isoprenoids such as cholesterol, dolichols, ubiquinone, and carotenoids. One major challenge has been to identify the isoprenoid effector molecules and transcription factors mediating negative regulation in t... |
The cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and the cAMP-responsive element modulator (CREM) are cyclically expressed at high levels during spermatogenesis. Cyclical expression of CREB and CREM in germ and somatic Sertoli cells correlates with the fluctuations in cAMP signaling induced by the pituitary gonadotropi... |
The rate-limiting and acutely regulated step in steroid hormone biosynthesis is the translocation of cholesterol, the precursor of all steroid hormones, from the mitochondrial outer membrane to the inner membrane, where it is converted to pregnenolone by the cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450s... |
Thyroid-specific enhancer-binding protein (T/EBP), also known as thyroid-specific transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), is a trans-activating transcription factor known to be involved in the tissue-specific expression of genes encoding thyroglobulin (TG), thyroid peroxidase (TPO), and thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) in the thyro... |
Since 1975, endocrine pituitary cells have been known to be excitable neuronlike cells. Using powerful single-cell approaches, in particular the patch clamp electrophysiological recording technique and the monitoring of Ca(2+) with fluorescent probes, solid evidence has been provided in the last 10 years that intracell... |
A fundamental process in the hormonal regulation of body functions is the conversion of the intercellular signal into an intracellular signal. The first recognized intracellular messengers mediating the actions of hormones were calcium ions (Ca(2+)) and adenosine 3':5' monophosphate (cAMP), which is synthesized from AT... |
Hereditary TSH deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disease described in inbred Japanese families and in Greek and Brazilian kindreds. The TSH-beta-subunit gene has been shown to be the site of mutations that will give rise to truncated proteins that cannot dimerize with the alpha subunit or, alternatively, will pr... |
Vanadium is an element found in low concentrations in mammals, for which a function remains to be discovered. Over the past century, vanadium compounds have been suggested anecdotally as therapeutic agents for a variety of diseases. The discovery that vanadate inhibits various enzymes, in particular protein tyrosine ph... |
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a zinc peptidase that plays a major role in the renin-angiotensin system. In mammals, the enzyme is present as two isozymes: a somatic form involved in blood-pressure regulation and a testis form of unknown function. Mice lacking ACE have been created and shown to have low systoli... |
Angiotensin II (AngII)( *) is the main effector of the renin-angiotensin system and influences cell growth, migration, differentiation, and apoptosis. The mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase family of serine-threonine kinases integrates diverse extracellular stimuli and is involved in the regulation of cell growth a... |
Human decidual tissue, the specialized endometrium of the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and pregnancy, synthesizes and releases prolactin, relaxin, renin, and at least three insulinlike growth factor (IGF)-binding proteins. Although the physiologic roles of these decidual protein hormones during pregnancy are unc... |
Limited proteolysis of precursors at specific pairs of basic residues and/or at single basic amino acids is a widespread mechanism by which the cell expresses a repertoire of biologically active proteins and peptides. The cloning and cellular expression of the yeast KEX2 gene product demonstrated that this enzyme belon... |
Over the past 2 years, reports from several laboratories have supported the proposal that the steroid receptors are bound through the hormone-binding domain to a protein complex that contains three heat-shock proteins-hsp90, hsp70, and hsp56. This receptor-heat-shock-protein heterocomplex accounts for the behavior of t... |
The bovine placenta, like that of rodents and primates, synthesizes members of the PRL/GH gene family, which may assist the pituitary hormones or perform unique functions during pregnancy. Bovine placental lactogen (bPL) potentially may act through.three receptors: as an agonist or partial antagonist at the PRL and GH ... |
G proteins are involved in the transduction of external signals from cell surface receptors to intracellular effectors. Somatic mutations activating the a-subunit of G(s) (the stimulatory regulatory protein of adenylyl cyclase) by inhibiting its intrinsic GTPase activity have been first identified in human GH-secreting... |
Corticosteroid biosynthesis requires the concerted action of a related group of cytochrome P450 steroid hydroxylases. The genes encoding these steroid hydroxylases exhibit two distinct levels of transcriptional regulation: selective expression in steroidogenic cells and induction in response to trophic hormones. With r... |
Kallmann's syndrome combines hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia. The most frequent form of the disease is linked to the X chromosome and has been proposed to be due to a defect in the embryonic migration of GnRH neurons and olfactory axons from the nose to the brain. A candidate gene for the X-linked form of the... |
Facultative (adaptive) thermogenesis is primarily controlled by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). The participation of thyroid hormones in adaptive thermogenesis has been considered minor or, at most, permissive. The finding of type II-thyroxine (T(4)) 5'-deiodinase in brown adipose tissue (BAT) has opened a way to... |
Active Na,K transport across plasma membranes (mediated by Na,K-ATPase) is stimulated by triiodothyronine (T(3)) in all mammalian tissues responsive to thyroid hormone, and this stimulation has been proposed to account for a substantial fraction of thyroid thermogenesis. The enhancement of Na,K-ATPase activity by T(3) ... |
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is the factor responsible for the syndrome of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. PTHrP is produced by a multitude o f normal as well as malignant cells, and exerts both classic parathyroid hormone (PTH)-like and PTH-unlike effects. The molecular cloning of the PTHrP gene, a... |
It has proven difficult to alter the progression of diabetic nephropathy once overt proteinuria is established. The presence of microalbuminuria reflects an early renal lesion that may be more amenable to therapeutic intervention. Dietary protein restriction, improved glycemic control, and aggressive treatment of high ... |
Many new analogues of the vitamin-D hormone, 1 alpha,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D(3) [1 alpha,25-(OH)(2)D(3); calcitriol], have emerged that can mimic its various actions in classic calcium transport systems and/or in the regulation of cell proliferation and cell differentiation. Though some of these analogues have accentuat... |
Angiotensin (Ang II) is an octapeptide hormone that plays a crucial role in the maintenance of electrolyte homeostasis and cardiovascular function. The hemodynamic and cardiovascular effects o f Ang II are mediated by high-affinity cell-surface receptors of the AT(1) pharmacologic class. The mammalian AT(1) receptor ha... |
Extraglandular conversion of C19 steroids to estrogens takes place primarily in the stromal cell component of adipose tissue and is catalyzed by an enzyme complex comprising aromatase cytochrome P450 (P450arom; the product of the CYP19 gene) together with the flavoprotein NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase. It has been pr... |
Many cytokines initiate cellular responses through their interaction with members of the cytokine receptor superfamily. This family of receptors contains no catalytic domains in the cytoplasmic domain, but all couple ligand binding to tyrosine phosphorylation, and this activity requires a membrane-proximal region that ... |
The secretion of GH from pituitary somatotrophs is mainly regulated by alterations in the levels of intracellular free Ca(2+) concentrations ([Ca(2+)](i)) that depend on the influx of Ca(2+) through voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels in the cell membrane. Hypothalamic stimulatory and inhibitory factors bind to specific rece... |
The aryl hydrocarbon (AH, or dioxin) receptor mediates carcinogenesis by a wide variety of compounds. It acts as a ligand-dependent transcription factor. Many investigators expected that the AH receptor would prove to be a member of the steroid/thyroid/retinoic acid receptor superfamily of proteins. However, recent clo... |
Numerous circulating and locally produced hormones bind to specific cell-surface receptors and activate a variety of second-messenger pathways that evoke characteristic phenotypic responses in their target cells. One of the most ubiquitous signal transduction mechanisms is the phosphoinositide-calcium messenger system,... |
Whereas crossregulation of nuclear receptors has been known for some time, recently several examples of autoregulation have been described, especially during development and specific gene expression. In this review, I discuss both these phenomena, based on some studies from our laboratory on amphibian metamorphosis and... |
Calcitonin (CT) is a peptide hormone that is secreted by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid in response to elevated serum calcium levels. It acts to reduce serum calcium by inhibiting bone resorption and promoting renal calcium excretion. In addition to this hypocalcemie effect, calcitonin modulates the renal tran... |
Phospholipase C (PLC) isozymes are known to be regulated, in part, by heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein (G-protein) subunits, including Galpha subunits of the G(q) family and Gbetagamma subunits. New data show that PLC can also be regulated by a high molecular weight G-protein that doubles as a cellular transglutamina... |
X-linked muscular atrophy is a form of adult-onset, usually slowly progressive spinal and bulbar motor neuron degenerative disease that is uniquely associated with male hypogonadism. The mutation responsible for this syndrome is expansion of the trinucleotide repeat-cytosine (C), adenine (A), guanine (G)-in a 5'-transl... |
The aim of the present study was to investigate the interaction of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) with liver biotransformation enzymes in European eel Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758). Eels were exposed to 0.5, 1 and 2.5mg/l nominal concentrations of TNT for 6 and 24h. Modulation of CYP1A1, UDPGT and GST genes was inves... |
Just as in the Eukarya and the Bacteria, members of the Archaea need to export proteins beyond the cell membrane. This would be required to fulfill a variety of essential functions such as nutrient acquisition and biotransformations, maintenance of extracellular structures and more. Apart from the Eukarya and the Bacte... |
In view of continuous controversies regarding hypertension in pregnancy and lack of reports on this subject in Saudi Arabia, we retrospectively studied 135 episodes of hypertension in pregnancy in 123 patients over a 9-years period. Fifty-one (37.8%) were primiparas, the remaining were multiparas from 2 nd up to 14 11 ... |
A plasma membrane form of guanylate cyclase appears to contain a single transmembrane domain that divides the protein into a highly conserved intracellular domain and a variable extracellular domain. Various extracellular peptides can bind directly to guanylate cyclase to increase the production of the second messenger... |
Genes encoding pituitary gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone, as well as their transcripts, have been isolated from different species and characterized. The position of introns in the genes is highly conserved in different species, and it appears that sequences encoding gonadotropin sub... |
It has been hypothesized that the maternal immune response to infection may influence fetal brain development and lead to schizophrenia. Animal experimentation has supported this notion by demonstrating altered sensorimotor gating (prepulse inhibition, PPI) in adult rats prenatally exposed to an immune challenge. In th... |
Pain is the leading symptom of inflammatory joint diseases. It is immediately caused by the release of prostaglandins (and potentially leukotrienes) from cells of the inflamed tissues, which sensitizes the pain receptors. The synthesis of these mediators depends on the activation of infiltrated inflammatory cells, as w... |
Modern concepts of pain therapy involve neuronal mechanisms of endogenous analgesia. Recent animal experiments have provided new insights into the anatomy, physiology and neurobiology of endogenous antinociception. We have shown that antinociception can be maximally activated by disinhibition-and not by direct electric... |
Haemophilus influenzae is a common pathogen of respiratory infections. We examined whether beta-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant (BLNAR) strains that are known to have ampicillin resistance due to a substitution of amino acid of penicillin binding protein (PBP)-3, differ from beta-lactamase-negative ampicillin-s... |
In this study, the effect of indomethacin a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) was studied to evaluate the effect of its short-term use on peritoneal clearance of urea and creatinine as well as protein excretion in nine chronic renal failure patients on intermittent peritoneal dialysis therapy. Four of them we... |
Low socioeconomic status (SES) increases the risk for developing psychiatric and chronic medical disorders. A stress-related pathway by which low SES may affect mental and physical health is through the perception of holding a low social standing, termed low subjective social status. This proposal implicates overlappin... |
To study the effect of hypertension and telmisartan treatment on the protein and gene expression of cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in pressure-overloaded rats. |
Study of total protein metabolism can not explain the protein turnover of individual organ or tissue, so it may be necessary to study the tissue protein metabolism. In this paper, reviewed the principle, main methods and development of stable isotopic technique in the study of tissue protein metabolism were reviewed, a... |
Probiotics are defined as viable microorganisms that exhibit a beneficial effect on the health of the host when they are ingested. They have many beneficial effects for health, and are commonly recognized as safe. With the development of the protein expression technique for probiotics, the study of probiotics to be use... |
Carbon supported PtSn catalyst (PtSn/C) was prepared by a modified polyol method and characterized by means of XRD. It was showed that the metal particle size was 2.2 nm and the unit cell parameter increased compared with Pt/C. In situ time-resolved Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TRFTIRS) was used to study th... |
The traditional method to study the storage substance mobilization of seeds during the process of germination is chemical extraction, which is troublesome and time consuming. In the present paper, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to study the storage substance mobilization of legume and cereal seeds in ... |
Protein is one of the most important living matters, and researches relatedto it have interested so many scientific workers. The secondary structure of protein plays a crucial role in maintaining protein's physiological activity. With the development of technology and the improvement of research technique, there are mo... |
An efficient and environmentally friendly procedure for the one-pot synthesis of (3S,4aS,8aS)-2-((2R,3R)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-(phenylthio)butyl)- N-tert -butyl-decahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxamide(VII), the intermediate of nelfinavir, was described, and activating ester was applied to getting nelfinavir(IX). Under the ca... |
The binding mechanism of human serum albumin with 3,3', 4', 7-tetradroxyflavone (FIS) was characterized by fluorescence and UV absorption spectra. The intrinsic fluorescence of HSA was significantly quenched by FIS in the physiological condition (pH 7.4), and the quenching mechanism is mainly static quenching process i... |
To know the lethal mechanism of microorganisms under pulsed electric field treatment, the relationship between the inactivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CICC1308) cell and the permeability and fluidity changes of its cell membrane treated by pulsed electric field (0-25 kV x cm(-1), 0-266 ms) was investigated. With ... |
To obtain recombinant fusion protein HSA (human serum albumin)-PTH(1-34) in Pichia pastoris. |
To investigate the causes and influencing factors of heterogeneity of HSA/IL1ra fusion protein expression in Pichia pastoris. |
To investigate the effect of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (Skp2 ASODN) on the growth and proliferation of gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 cells and its mechanism. |
To screen and clone hepatocyte protein interacting with hepatitis C virus NS5ATP4A protein for studying its biological functions. |
The effects of acute exposure of intraperitoneal injection of aqueous 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide on the antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation of the treated mouse liver were investigated in the present paper. Thirty mice were treated with 17.9 (0.5 median lethal dose, LD(50)) and 35.7 mg/kg (1 LD(50)) of ... |
The activation of protein kinase C (PKC) is not only a pivotal node during cardiac hypertrophy in chronic pressure-overloaded heart, but also involved in the regulation of cardiac contractility. The aim of this paper was to observe PKC modulation in cardiac contractility at different stages of cardiac hypertrophy in sp... |
The effect of Rhizoma curcumae oil on the learning and memory in rats exposed to chronic hypoxia and the possible mechanisms were investigated. The rats were divided randomly into 5 groups (14 animals in each group): control, chronic hypoxia, chronic hypoxia with low (5 mg/kg body weight), middle (10 mg/kg body weight)... |
The present study was aimed to study the effect of hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) on rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and whether the effect is mediated by c-Fos protein expression. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: |
The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on cortical neurons exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R). Primary cultured cerebral cortical neurons were prepared from Sprague-Dawley rats. The cells were used for experiments after culture for 12 d in vitr... |
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