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NDQ_012338
primary succession is the new growth of life in areas where life has never been. this is usually on new land where soil may be lacking. in a rock-based environment without soil, what type of fungi is probably one of the earliest forms of life?
a. mushrooms, b. lichen, c. mycorrhizae, d. molds
b
NDQ_012349
latitude, humidity, and elevation affect the type of terrestrial biome.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_012350
the humidity of a desert is most likely described as arid.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_012354
what is the coldest of all biomes?
a. the grassland, b. the desert, c. the tundra, d. the forest
c
NDQ_012355
tropical, temperate, and taiga refer to what type of biomes?
a. grasslands, b. deserts, c. the tundra, d. forests
d
NDQ_012356
which of the following describes the tundra?
a. characterized by frost-molded landscapes, b. characterized by short growing seasons, c. characterized by little precipitation, d. all of the above
d
NDQ_012357
deserts cover about __________ of the earths surface and occur where rainfall is less than __________ each year.
a. 1/10, 20 cm, b. 1/5, 100 cm, c. 1/5, 50 cm, d. 1/10, 100 cm
c
NDQ_012358
moving from the poles to the equator, you will find, in order,
a. arctic, temperate, boreal, subtropical, and tropical biomes, b. arctic, boreal, temperate, subtropical, and tropical biomes, c. arctic, temperate, subtropical, tropical and boreal biomes, d. boreal, arctic, temperate, subtropical, and tropical biomes
b
NDQ_012359
earth maintains homeostasis.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_012360
bacteria, protists, and fungi are found in each part of the biosphere.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_012364
what is the layer of gas that surrounds the planet?
a. the lithosphere, b. the atmosphere, c. the hydrosphere, d. the biosphere
b
NDQ_012365
what can be found on, under, and over the surface of earth?
a. the lithosphere, b. the atmosphere, c. the hydrosphere, d. the biosphere
c
NDQ_012366
what ranges from 11,000 meters below sea level to 15,000 meters above sea level?
a. the lithosphere, b. the atmosphere, c. the hydrosphere, d. the biosphere
d
NDQ_012367
land is part of what component of the biosphere?
a. the lithosphere, b. the atmosphere, c. the hydrosphere, d. the biosphere
a
NDQ_012368
what ecosystems are scientists studying at biosphere 2?
a. a coral reef and a mangrove wetland, b. a savannah grassland and a tropical rainforest, c. a fog desert, d. all of the above
d
NDQ_012419
the rate of evolution is usually very fast.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_012420
we usually cannot see the effects of evolution in most organisms.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_012424
in what type of organism can we readily observe evolution?
a. human, b. mouse, c. rose bush, d. bacteria
d
NDQ_012425
how long is a bacterial generation?
a. as short as 20 seconds, b. as short as 20 minutes, c. as short as 20 hours, d. as short as 20 days
b
NDQ_012426
if the evolutionary tree started with the first living organism, that organism would be
a. a single-celled protist, b. a prokaryotic cell, c. a single-celled fungi, d. a single-celled animal
b
NDQ_012427
branches of an evolutionary tree depict
a. the ancestors of species, b. where species go extinct, c. where species evolved into new species, d. all of the above
c
NDQ_012428
for us to trace evolution as it happens,
a. the species must have a short generation time, b. we must know the common ancestor of the species, c. we must know what the species evolves into, d. all of the above
a
NDQ_012449
plants are able to move towards light.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_012450
plants respond to their environment by changing how they grow.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_012454
what is growth towards a source of light?
a. phototropism, b. gravitropism, c. thigmotropism, d. thermotropism
a
NDQ_012455
underground roots have a way of finding water. an additional tropism results in roots growing towards the source of water. what is this type of tropism?
a. phototropism, b. gravitropism, c. thermotropism, d. hydrotropism
d
NDQ_012456
what causes a vine to wrap around a neighboring tree?
a. phototropism, b. gravitropism, c. thigmotropism, d. chemotropism
c
NDQ_012457
plant roots grow towards useful minerals and nutrients and away from harmful chemicals like acid. what type of tropism would this be?
a. phototropism, b. gravitropism, c. thigmotropism, d. chemotropism
d
NDQ_012458
what causes roots to grow down?
a. phototropism, b. gravitropism, c. thigmotropism, d. chemotropism
b
NDQ_012459
all turtles can draw their neck inside and under their spine.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_012460
all turtles are gentle herbivores.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_012464
how do turtles remove the excess salt taken in from the water they drink?
a. through their urine, b. through their tears, c. by evaporation, d. they dont drink salt water
b
NDQ_012465
which describes the diet of most sea turtles?
a. sea turtles are herbivorous. they eat plants only, b. sea turtles mainly shellfish, c. sea turtles eat jellyfish, sponges and other soft-bodied organisms, d. sea turtles eat seabirds and crabs
c
NDQ_012466
how big is the biggest living turtle?
a. over 15 feet long, b. about 7 feet long and 2,000 pounds, c. about 7 feet long and 200 pounds, d. about 4 feet long and 600 pounds
b
NDQ_012467
what is significant about the vision of turtles?
a. good color vision but no night vision, b. good night vision but no color vision, c. good color vision and good night vision, d. turtles have poor vision
c
NDQ_012468
charles darwin gathered a lot of evidence supporting his theory of evolution on the galpagos islands. which turtle or tortoise did he study there?
a. the galpagos giant turtle, b. the galpagos great leatherback sea turtle, c. the galpagos giant tortoise, d. the galpagos speckled padloper tortoise
c
NDQ_012469
archaea thrive in extreme environments.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_012470
archaea cannot live in regular environments, such as soil.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_012474
what type of archaea live in the guts of cows?
a. halophiles, b. thermophiles, c. methanogens, d. methanophiles
c
NDQ_012475
what type of archaea live in the dead sea?
a. halophiles, b. thermophiles, c. methanogens, d. methanophiles
a
NDQ_012476
what type of archaea live in hot springs?
a. halophiles, b. thermophiles, c. methanogens, d. methanophiles
b
NDQ_012477
methanogens help break down the tough carbohydrate __________.
a. glycogen, b. starch, c. cellulose, d. glucose
c
NDQ_012478
archaea that love extremely hot environments live in
a. hot springs, geysers and the desert, b. hot springs, geysers, and near volcanoes, c. hot springs, the desert and near the equator, d. the desert, near volcanoes and near the equator
b
NDQ_012489
only animals with shells are mollusks.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_012490
living mollusks are divided into eight classes.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_012494
examples of cephalopods include
a. clams and scallops, b. the octopus and squid, c. snails and slugs, d. all of the above
b
NDQ_012495
which type of mollusk uses its foot to crawl?
a. cephalopod, b. bivalve, c. gastropod, d. monofoot
c
NDQ_012496
which mollusks have three hearts that pump blue blood, are jet powered, and are found in all oceans of the world.
a. gastropods, b. bivalves, c. cephalopods, d. jetpods
c
NDQ_012497
which statement is associated with gastropods?
a. has a foot modified into arms or tentacles, b. most have a pair of large gills that enable them to extract oxygen from the water, c. most have a one-piece shell that is typically coiled or spiraled, d. all of the above are associated with gastropods
c
NDQ_012518
xylem is the vascular tissue that transports water down a plant.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_012519
the evolution of vascular tissue allowed for the formation of ancient forests.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_012523
which are the most common seedless vascular plants?
a. club mosses, b. horsetails, c. ferns, d. mosses
c
NDQ_012524
the stem of a horsetail is unique in that it
a. is hollow and allows for water transport, b. has cells that can perform photosynthesis, c. has tiny leaves, d. is often found in marshes
b
NDQ_012525
the leaf of a fern is known as a
a. sporophyte, b. frond, c. ferntail, d. fern leaf
b
NDQ_012526
which statement is associated with ferns?
a. ferns range in size from tiny aquatic species to giant tropical plants, b. the first leaves of most ferns appear curled up into fiddleheads, c. leaves unroll as the fiddleheads grow and expand, d. all of the above
d
NDQ_012527
why are clubmosses called by that name?
a. because of the club-like clusters of sporangia found on the plants, b. because of the club-like clusters of gametes found on the plants, c. because of the club-like clusters of sporophytes found on the plants, d. because of the club-like clusters of gametophytes found on the plants
a
NDQ_012528
all vertebrates have a brain.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_012529
not all vertebrates have a bony skeleton.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_012533
what are the two members of class agnatha, the jawless fish?
a. sharks and rays, b. lampreys and hagfish, c. tuna and salmon, d. lancelets and tunicates
b
NDQ_012534
which two classes of vertebrates produce an amniotic egg?
a. fish and amphibians, b. amphibians and reptiles, c. birds and reptiles, d. birds and fish
c
NDQ_012535
which of the following is a reptilian characteristic?
a. reptiles have lungs to breathe on land, b. female reptiles produce a water-tight egg, c. reptiles have skin that does not need to be kept wet, d. all of the above are features of reptiles
d
NDQ_012536
one distinguishing feature of mammals is
a. a large skull to protect the brain, b. the nourishment of the young with milk, c. an internal skeleton made of bone, d. all of the above
b
NDQ_012537
examples of amphibians include
a. ostriches, penguins, and flamingos, b. turtles, snakes, and lizards, c. frogs, toads, and salamanders, d. frogs, toads, and turtles
c
NDQ_012568
a biome is defined by its biotic factors.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_012569
all aquatic biomes are similar.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_012573
what is the main factor defining the differences of biomes?
a. the largest population, b. the community, c. the climate, d. the dominant species
c
NDQ_012574
a desert biome
a. has less plants than the rainforest, b. has drier soil than many other biomes, c. has less precipitation than many other biomes, d. all of the above
d
NDQ_012575
a rainforest ecosystem
a. has plenty of precipitation, b. has soil that supports significant plant growth, c. has many animals due to the variety of plant life, d. all of the above
d
NDQ_012576
what would cause migration into a particular biome?
a. a dry season that changes the soil type, b. a wet season that sprouts significant new plant life, c. a change in climate that decreases precipitation, d. all of the above
b
NDQ_012577
what attracts a certain animal to a particular biome?
a. the plant life of that biome, b. the precipitation of that biome, c. the climate of that biome, d. the soil type of that biome
a
NDQ_012578
Characteristics of scientists include
a. being curious, b. thinking logically, c. being good observers, d. all of the above
d
NDQ_012579
An example of a scientific theory is the idea that
a. all objects attract each other, b. gravity is a dent in the fabric of space and time, c. radium is a radioactive element, d. what goes up always comes back down
b
NDQ_012580
Induction means
a. having knowledge, b. gathering evidence, c. rejecting previous ideas, d. none of the above
d
NDQ_012581
Galileo found evidence to support Copernicus idea that
a. objects with greater mass have a greater force of attraction, b. the sun is the center of the solar system, c. some elements are radioactive, d. the sun revolves around Earth
b
NDQ_012582
Modern Western science began during the
a. 1500s, b. 1700s, c. 1800s, d. 1900s
a
NDQ_012583
People began to study astronomy as early as
a. 3500 BC, b. 350 BC, c. 400 AD, d. 1000 AD
a
NDQ_012584
Which choice best describes the role of laws in science?
a. explaining observations, b. summarizing observations, c. proving theories, d. providing rules for research
b
NDQ_012585
Which event happened during the Scientific Revolution?
a. Marie Curie discovered radiation, b. Copernicus proposed that the sun is the center of the solar system, c. Chinese scientists invented compasses and seismographs, d. Aristotle introduced the idea of empiricism
b
NDQ_012586
Which scientist helped discover nuclear fission?
a. Lise Meitner, b. Isaac Newton, c. Ellen Ochoa, d. Shirley Ann Jackson
a
NDQ_012587
The first step in the evolution of science occurred when someone proposed that
a. all matter consists of atoms, b. particles of matter are constantly moving, c. natural events have natural causes, d. Earth has gravity
c
NDQ_012589
The methods of modern science are based on the ideas of
a. Thales, b. Aristotle, c. Einstein, d. none of the above
b
NDQ_012590
The first woman to win a Nobel prize in science was
a. Maria Goeppert-Mayer, b. Ada Yonath, c. Marie Curie, d. Irene Joliot-Curie
c
NDQ_012592
beginning of modern Western science when many scientific advances were made
a. science, b. induction, c. logic, d. scientific law, e. empiricism, f. scientific theory, g. Scientific Revolution
g
NDQ_012595
broad explanation that is widely accepted because it is supported by a great deal of evidence
a. science, b. induction, c. logic, d. scientific law, e. empiricism, f. scientific theory, g. Scientific Revolution
f
NDQ_012597
idea that we can learn the truth about nature through observations and induction
a. science, b. induction, c. logic, d. scientific law, e. empiricism, f. scientific theory, g. Scientific Revolution
e
NDQ_012598
Modern Western science began during the Scientific Revolution.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_012599
drawing general conclusions from many individual observations
a. science, b. induction, c. logic, d. scientific law, e. empiricism, f. scientific theory, g. Scientific Revolution
b
NDQ_012600
Marie Curie was awarded a Nobel prize for her discovery of the structure of the nucleus of the atom.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_012601
sound reasoning
a. science, b. induction, c. logic, d. scientific law, e. empiricism, f. scientific theory, g. Scientific Revolution
c
NDQ_012602
statement describing what always happens under certain conditions in nature
a. science, b. induction, c. logic, d. scientific law, e. empiricism, f. scientific theory, g. Scientific Revolution
d
NDQ_012603
The man known as the father of science used experiments to test competing theories about light.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_012604
way of learning about the natural world that is based on evidence and logic
a. science, b. induction, c. logic, d. scientific law, e. empiricism, f. scientific theory, g. Scientific Revolution
a
NDQ_012605
Science sometimes advances in big leaps.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_012606
Theories are unproven laws.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_012614
Science is best defined as a body of knowledge.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_012615
Once a scientific idea is accepted, it never changes.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_012616
An example of a theory is Newtons theory of gravity.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_012617
Scientific laws answer how questions.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_012618
Albert Einstein is known as the father of science.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_012619
The Scientific Revolution began when computers were invented in the 1900s.
a. true, b. false
b