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NDQ_003808
three letters specify the source region of an air mass; e.g. cpk. these three letters indicate in order:
a. land or sea; approximate latitude; its properties relative to the ground it is moving over, b. approximate latitude; its properties relative to the ground it is moving over; land or sea, c. its properties relative to the ground it is moving over; land or sea; approximate latitude;, d. approximate latitude; land or s...
a
NDQ_003809
how does air movement keep earths temperature balanced?
a. cold air masses stay in cold places and warm air masses stay in warm places, b. cold air masses draw warm air toward them and vice versa so both mix, c. cold air masses move toward warm regions and warm air masses toward cold regions, d. none of these
c
NDQ_003810
an air mass with the symbol mtk formed over
a. the land in a tropical region and is moving over warmer ground, b. cool ground in a polar region and is moving over the sea, c. cold ground in an arctic region and is moving over land, d. the sea in a tropical region and is moving over cooler ground
d
NDQ_003871
all the individuals of a single species that live together in a particular location are a(n)
a. ecosystem, b. habitat, c. community, d. population
d
NDQ_003873
the rainforest is an ecosystem, but the digestive system of a tree sloth is also an ecosystem.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_003874
all the populations that live together in a particular location are a(n)
a. ecosystem, b. habitat, c. community, d. system
c
NDQ_003875
abiotic factors in an ecosystem include
a. factors such as living space and temperature range, b. decomposers, c. fungi, algae and bacteria, d. all of these
a
NDQ_003876
biotic factors in an ecosystem include
a. decomposers, b. fungi, algae and bacteria, c. plants and animals, d. all of these
d
NDQ_003877
a habitat is
a. the individuals of a single species that exist together in a time and place, b. where an organism lives, c. the living organisms in a community and the nonliving things they need, d. all of these
b
NDQ_003878
important characteristics of a habitat include
a. climate, b. water, c. resources, d. all of these
d
NDQ_003879
energy moves through an ecosystem in multiple directions; nutrients move through an ecosystem in one direction.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_003880
the __________ for a hummingbird is to have a long bill to suck nectar from a flower.
a. niche, b. habitat, c. community, d. ecosystem
a
NDQ_003881
blizzards are most common in winter when the jet stream has
a. travelled north, b. travelled south, c. shut off, d. none of the above
b
NDQ_003882
blizzards are usually part of a ___________________.
a. hurricane, b. squall line, c. mid-latitude cyclone, d. tornado
c
NDQ_003883
blizzards happen when cold northern air contacts warmer semitropical air.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_003884
when a frigid polar air crosses a warm water body, it absorbs moisture.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_003885
buffalo and rochester, new york are the snowiest metropolitan areas in the united states because they are downwind from the
a. atlantic ocean, b. pacific ocean, c. great lakes, d. lake tahoe
c
NDQ_003886
when a moisture-filled air mass moves over very cold land it is very unstable and a tremendous amount of snow will fall.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_003887
snow may appear to be moving horizontally in a blizzard due to the high winds.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_003888
blizzards can produce which of the following?
a. cold winds, b. snow storms, c. sleet, d. all of the above
d
NDQ_003889
very strong winds develop in blizzards because of the
a. high pressure gradient between the storm and the air west of the storm, b. small pressure difference between the storm and the air surrounding the storm, c. strong coriolis effect typical of these storms, d. none of these
a
NDQ_003890
a blizzard is different from a snowstorm because it
a. is colder, b. has stronger winds, c. has so much snow that visibility is severely restricted, d. all of the above
d
NDQ_003891
the study of earths solid material and structures, and the processes that create them.
a. oceanography, b. meteorology, c. geology, d. astronomy
c
NDQ_003892
the study of everything in about 70% of earths surface.
a. astronomy, b. meteorology, c. geology, d. oceanography
d
NDQ_003893
weather predictions have become much more accurate in recent years due to radar and satellites.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_003894
the study of the effects of people on the environment.
a. meteorology, b. environmental science, c. geology, d. astronomy
b
NDQ_003895
included in the science of __________ is how weather affects the ocean; included in the science of __________ is how the ocean affects climate.
a. climatology; meteorology, b. meteorology; meteorology, c. climatology; climatology, d. meteorology; climatology
d
NDQ_003896
if you were to study the rocks that are found at the bottom of the ocean basins, you would be studying this.
a. geological oceanography, b. oceanography, c. meteorology, d. geology
a
NDQ_003898
what instruments or devices do astronomers use to study space?
a. telescopes, b. spacecraft, c. satellites, d. all of the above
d
NDQ_003899
earth science is known as a combined science because it applies principles from chemistry, physics and biology to the study of earth.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_003900
geologists search for natural resources, such as minerals and fuels.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_004020
a ________________ measures air pressure.
a. thermometer, b. barometer, c. radiosonde, d. radar
b
NDQ_004021
a weather forecast takes into account
a. air temperature, b. air pressure, c. humidity, d. all of the above
d
NDQ_004022
in the atmosphere weather data is collected on buoys.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_004023
scientists that collect and study the weather.
a. biologists, b. geologists, c. meteorologists, d. chemists
c
NDQ_004024
radar images storms by
a. bouncing radio waves off of the nearest object, b. detecting different colors of visible light, c. collecting temperature and pressure data, d. all of these
a
NDQ_004025
a radiosonde
a. measures atmospheric characteristics, b. moves through the air, c. transmits data through a radio to a computer, d. all of these
d
NDQ_004026
the advantage of a radiosonde is that it can go places that are too dangerous for an airplane.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_004027
the advantage of satellites in weather monitoring is
a. the ability to monitor large-scale systems, b. the ability to record changes over time, c. the ability to record all wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum, d. all of these
d
NDQ_004028
our ability to predict weather is no better than it was 200 years ago.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_004029
radar stands for radio detection and ranging.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_004130
a theory
a. has major inconsistencies, b. must be tested and have no significant evidence against it, c. is not reliable, d. has conflicting data
b
NDQ_004131
an explanation that always applies under the same circumstances is a
a. law, b. theory, c. factor, d. variable
a
NDQ_004132
a law is an explanation of why something happens.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_004133
laws always hold true.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_004134
a theory can be used to predict the future.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_004135
a scientific law always applies under the same conditions.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_004136
after many experiments and evidence that supports a hypothesis, with no evidence to oppose it, the hypothesis becomes a
a. law, b. theory, c. fact, d. variable
b
NDQ_004137
a theory can
a. be used to predict the future, b. have flaws, c. be verified beyond a shadow of a doubt, d. none of the above
a
NDQ_004138
a scientific law
a. does not necessarily hold under all circumstances, b. holds under all circumstances, c. means that water never flows uphill, d. none of the above
a
NDQ_004139
a theory can offer an unreliable explanation.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_004360
ocean currents can affect the temperature of land.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_004361
compared to maritime climate, continental climate has
a. greater differences in daytime and nighttime temperatures, b. smaller differences in summer and winter temperatures, c. no difference in temperatures, d. greater differences in both day-night and summer-winter temperatures
d
NDQ_004363
this ocean current affects the climate of northern europe.
a. the gulf stream, b. the humboldt current, c. the canaries current, d. the alaska current
a
NDQ_004364
continental climates are affected by the sea.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_004365
upwelling always cools off nearby lands.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_004367
san francisco and virginia beach are both by oceans and are at about the same latitude. why is the climate of sf more moderate than the climate of vb?
a. that latitude has the easterly winds, so sf gets weather off the pacific but vb gets weather off the continent, b. both get most of their weather from the ocean, but the pacific is cooler than the atlantic, c. that latitude has the westerly winds, so sf gets weather off the pacific but vb gets, d. both get most of t...
c
NDQ_004368
why is the ocean off of san francisco cooler than the ocean off of virginia beach?
a. the california current and upwelling cool down the california coast, b. the gulf stream warms up the eastern seaboard, c. the pacific ocean is much cooler than the atlantic ocean, d. a & b
d
NDQ_004369
why is it warmer in the summer and colder in the winter in kansas city than in san francisco?
a. kansas city has a continental climate, b. san francisco has a continental climate, c. kansas city is at a higher latitude than san francisco, d. kansas city is at a lower latitude than san francisco
a
NDQ_004390
without jet contrails to block sunlight, air temperature across the united states would be lower.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_004391
visibility in the united states has been reduced as much as 30% from pre- industrial times.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_004392
particulates in the air may reduce photosynthesis.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_004393
the effect of ozone on plants can be any of the following except
a. no effect at all, b. dissolved leaves, c. spotted leaves, d. reduced productivity
b
NDQ_004394
when nitrous oxide levels increase in the atmosphere, this plant may do well
a. pine trees, b. sunflowers, c. moss, d. lichen
d
NDQ_004395
increased particulates in the air may
a. increase precipitation, b. decrease precipitation, c. create a whitish grey pollutant haze, d. create a blue pollutant haze
a
NDQ_004396
if you see orange colored smog with an unpleasant odor you know that there is __________ pollution.
a. so2, b. o3, c. no2, d. h2o
c
NDQ_004397
lichen can indicate changes in the atmosphere because they take a lot of their nutrients from the air.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_004398
ozone can change an ecosystem by
a. killing off trees so that nothing can grow in the area, b. damaging trees that, c. causing a die off of one species that is then replaced by another, d. none of these
c
NDQ_004399
the increase in particulates in the atmosphere may
a. increase the amount of global warming that is taking place, b. mask the amount of global warming that is taking place, c. reduce the amount of precipitation, d. all of these
b
NDQ_004470
what are the essential theories of earth science?
a. evolution, b. plate tectonics, c. climate change, d. all of the above
d
NDQ_004471
which earth science theory explains the geological activity?
a. evolution, b. plate tectonics, c. climate change, d. continental drift
b
NDQ_004472
global warming is studied under this theory.
a. evolution, b. plate tectonics, c. climate change, d. continental drift
c
NDQ_004473
the mechanism for evolution where traits are favored causing change in species.
a. evolution, b. natural selection, c. tectonics, d. climate change
b
NDQ_004474
natural selection favored the dark peppered moth when the industrial revolution made the environment grayer. what theory explains this phenomenon?
a. evolution, b. plate tectonics, c. climate change, d. continental drift
a
NDQ_004475
theories have very little information that contradicts them.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_004476
theories can never be tested because they are solid.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_004477
theories can predict the future.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_004478
before plate tectonics, people thought that animals and plants found on different continents spread by ___________.
a. boats, b. land bridges, c. swimming across oceans, d. flying
b
NDQ_004479
a change through time where the genetic make up of populations of organisms result in new species.
a. evolution, b. natural selection, c. tectonics, d. climate change
a
NDQ_004510
most scientists think that an asteroid impact caused the extinction of
a. marine organisms at the end of the paleozoic, b. wooly mammoths and other organisms at the end of the pleistocene, c. dinosaurs and other organisms at the end of the mesozoic, d. all of earths life at the end of the precambrian
c
NDQ_004512
during a mass extinction,
a. a few species go extinct each century, b. a large number of species go extinct in a short amount of time, c. at least 95% of species on earth go extinct, d. about 10% of all species go extinct
b
NDQ_004513
most of the species that have lived on earth have gone extinct.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_004514
after a mass extinction many habitats are unfilled for a period of time.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_004515
which of these is believed to be the closest living native of dinosaurs?
a. birds, b. turtles, c. lizards, d. snakes
a
NDQ_004516
which of the following is true about the rate of species extinction?
a. species go extinct at a very slow but steady rate, b. species only go extinct during periods when many go extinct at once, c. species may go extinct at a slow rate and sometimes all at once, d. no species ever goes extinct
c
NDQ_004517
many new species evolve to fill available niches during a(n)
a. mass extinction, b. adaptive radiation, c. small-scale extinction, d. evolutionary speedup
b
NDQ_004518
if the environment changes, a species will
a. evolve to the new environment, b. go extinct, c. move to a more favorable environment, d. any of the above
d
NDQ_004519
after the dinosaurs went extinct, what happened to mammals?
a. different species evolved into niches previously filled by reptiles, b. they underwent adaptive radiation, c. they became the dominant life form, d. all of the above
d
NDQ_004550
an energy pathway that includes all organisms that are linked as they pass along food energy.
a. food web, b. food pyramid, c. food chain, d. trophic web
c
NDQ_004552
the energy that powers all ecosystems on earth comes from the sun.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_004553
food energy gets created by producers and is passed to
a. consumers, b. scavengers, c. decomposers, d. all of the above
d
NDQ_004554
organisms burn food energy for
a. locomotion, b. heat, c. growth, d. all of the above
d
NDQ_004555
organisms always get larger up the trophic levels because only a large fish can eat a small fish.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_004556
why does a food pyramid only have four or five trophic levels before it ends?
a. there isnt enough energy to pass along to another trophic level, b. an organism at the next trophic level would have to be too huge to live, c. the world would be too hot from all the excess heat, d. all of the above
a
NDQ_004557
why is a food pyramid more accurate than a food chain?
a. food chains do not include all trophic levels, b. many organisms eat at multiple trophic levels, c. energy is not lost from a food chain, but is from a food web, d. all of the above
b
NDQ_004558
there are two global food webs: one has phytoplankton at the base and the other has land plants. (there is also a small food web with chemosynthetic bacteria at the base).
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_004559
humans are not part of food chains and food webs because we get most of our food from the grocery store.
c. true, d. false
b
NDQ_004691
the global winds blow in the direction of
a. the top of the atmospheric circulation cells, b. the rotation of the earth, c. the base of the atmospheric circulation cells, d. none of these
c
NDQ_004692
sinking air
a. has lower pressure, b. causes evaporation, c. has lower temperature, d. all of these
b
NDQ_004693
winds are named for the direction they are going.
a. true, b. false
b