questionID stringlengths 10 10 | question_text stringlengths 5 324 | answer_choices stringlengths 17 473 | correct_answer stringclasses 7
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NDQ_004695 | the variable weather of much of north america and europe is caused by | a. the meeting of warm moist air from the south and cold, dry air from the north, b. the meeting of warm dry air from the south and cold wet air from the north, c. the meeting of the polar jet stream and the sub-tropical jet stream, d. the meeting of the sub-tropical jet stream and the tropical jet stream | a |
NDQ_004696 | in both the northern and southern hemispheres, the trade winds blow from east to west. | a. true, b. false | a |
NDQ_004697 | the jet stream (the one meteorologists talk about) | a. is formed by the large temperature difference between the polar cell and the ferrell cell, b. is found at the boundary of the troposphere and stratosphere, c. move seasonally south in the winter and north in the summer, d. all of these | d |
NDQ_004698 | the basic model of global atmospheric circulation shows | a. one atmospheric circulation cell from the north pole to the south pole, b. three circulation cells in the northern hemisphere and three in the southern, c. six atmospheric circulation cells in the northern hemisphere and six in the southern hemisphere, d. random motion of atmospheric circulation | b |
NDQ_004699 | air in the atmospheric circulation cells should blow north to south or south to north, but it doesnt because | a. it must travel around the jet streams so it goes northwest to southeast or vice versa, b. it is deflected left (northern hemisphere) or right (southern hemisphere) by coriolis effect, c. it is deflected right (northern hemisphere) or left (southern hemisphere) by coriolis, d. none of these | c |
NDQ_004800 | the cenozoic age ended when the pleistocene megafauna went extinct. | a. true, b. false | b |
NDQ_004801 | both mammals and birds have the ability to regulate their own | a. digestive systems, b. brain development, c. fur or feather production, d. body temperature | d |
NDQ_004802 | mammals are endothermic and have fur, hair, or blubber for warmth. | a. true, b. false | a |
NDQ_004803 | mammals are so well adapted to the environment that they can | a. outcompete reptiles on land and birds in the air, b. stay warm with fur or features, c. swim, fly, run, and walk for transportation, d. all of the above | c |
NDQ_004804 | many pleistocene mammals were huge because its easier to stay warm with | a. a high surface area to volume ratio, b. a low surface area to volume ratio, c. more fur, feathers and blubber, d. none of these | a |
NDQ_004806 | which if the following is not an example of pleistocene megafauna? | a. saber toothed cat, b. whale, c. giant condor, d. wooly mammoth | b |
NDQ_004807 | an example of a cenozoic mammal is a | a. human, b. hoofed mammal, c. whale, d. all of the above | d |
NDQ_004808 | the extinction of reptiles at the end of the mesozoic allowed diversification of mammals and birds into the open habitats. | a. true, b. false | a |
NDQ_004809 | extinctions of pleistocene megafauna were caused by | a. increased lowering of temperatures, b. human activities, such as hunting, c. an asteroid impact, d. all of the above | b |
NDQ_004810 | the climate during the mesozoic was ideal for reptiles being mostly | a. much cooler than today, b. much warmer than today, c. much more variable than today, d. all of the above | b |
NDQ_004811 | there was more oxygen in the mesozoic atmosphere than there is today. | a. true, b. false | a |
NDQ_004812 | at the beginning of the mesozoic. | a. pangaea began to come together, b. many life forms went extinct, c. plants and animals diversified and spread, d. all of these | c |
NDQ_004813 | flowering plants evolved during the cretaceous. | a. true, b. false | a |
NDQ_004814 | the dinosaurs went entirely extinct. | a. true, b. false | b |
NDQ_004815 | evidence that at least some dinosaurs were endotherms includes | a. their ability to live in harsh environments, b. evidence that they grew fast and were active, c. their large brains, d. all of these | d |
NDQ_004816 | mammals appeared near the end of | a. the cambrian explosion, b. the mesozoic era, c. the jurassic epoch, d. the triassic epoch | d |
NDQ_004817 | the amniote egg has a shell and contains all the nutrients and water required for the developing embryo. | a. true, b. false | a |
NDQ_004818 | the mass extinction that killed the dinosaurs was due to an asteroid impact that | a. kicked up a massive dust cloud that blocked sunlight and stopped photosynthesis, b. roasted larger animals, c. caused acid rain to dissolve plankton shells, d. all of these | d |
NDQ_004819 | the amniote egg was essential for the spread of reptiles because it allowed | a. eggs to survive and hatch away from water, b. dinosaurs to hatch from eggs, c. eggs to survive the asteroid impact and mass extinction, d. all of these | a |
NDQ_004820 | which organisms originated in the paleozoic? | a. fish, b. amphibians, c. arthropods, d. all of the above | d |
NDQ_004821 | during which time period did simple plants begin colonizing the land? | a. ordovician, b. cambrian, c. pre cambrian, d. carboniferous | a |
NDQ_004822 | the cambrian saw a tremendous diversification in life forms because | a. marine regressions opened up many habitats on land, b. competition with the ediacara fauna caused rapid evolution of cambrian organisms, c. the extent of shallow seas opened up many marine habitats, d. all of these | c |
NDQ_004823 | most of the fossil fuels we burn today originated in __________ swamps, dominated by __________ plants. | a. cambrian; flowering plants, b. carboniferous; seed-bearing, c. carboniferous; flowering, d. cambrian; seed-bearing | b |
NDQ_004824 | for land plants to flourish __________ needed to evolve. | a. seeds, b. flowers, c. insects, d. puddles of water | a |
NDQ_004825 | the only mass extinction in the paleozoic was the one at the end of the permian period. | a. true, b. false | b |
NDQ_004826 | which was not one of the proposed causes for mass extinction that defined the end of the permian? | a. gradual environmental change, b. changes in the composition of the atmosphere, c. global warming, d. intense volcanism | c |
NDQ_004827 | the largest increase in diversity and number of living things in earth history was the __________ at the beginning of the __________. | a. burgess explosion; paleozoic, b. paleozoic explosion; cambrian, c. ediacara explosion; cambrian, d. cambrian explosion; paleozoic | d |
NDQ_004828 | in the end-of-permian mass extinction | a. about 55% of marine organisms went extinct, b. species composed of calcium carbonate went extinct at a greater rate than others, c. about 35% of terrestrial vertebrate species went extinct, d. all of these | b |
NDQ_004829 | the organisms that died off in the greatest mass extinction in earth history all died within days or weeks. | a. true, b. false | b |
NDQ_004870 | hurricanes are | a. very large noreasters, b. tropical cyclones, c. tropical depressions, d. mid-latitude cyclones | b |
NDQ_004871 | for an atlantic hurricane to form and grow | a. sea surface temperature must be > 28oc, b. air must begin to rotate around a low pressure, c. wind shear must be low, d. all of the above | d |
NDQ_004872 | how long do hurricanes typically last? | a. 1-2 days, b. 3-5 days, c. 5-10 days, d. 10-12 days | c |
NDQ_004874 | the energy to fuel a hurricane comes from latent heat as water vapor condenses. | a. true, b. false | a |
NDQ_004875 | the saffir-simpson scale measures hurricane intensity. it | a. it goes from 1 to 10, with 1 being the weakest, b. it goes from 1 to 10, with 1 being the strongest, c. it goes from 1 to 5, with 1 being the weakest, d. it goes from 1 to 5, with 1 being the strongest | c |
NDQ_004876 | the eye of a hurricane is | a. the low pressure center of the storm, b. the high pressure center of the storm, c. a tornado that forms in the center of a cyclone, d. the most intense part of the storm | a |
NDQ_004877 | a hurricane often turns from a northwest track to a northeast track as it moves from the trade winds to the westerlies. | a. true, b. false | a |
NDQ_004878 | hurricanes will die when they | a. are cut off from their supply of latent heat, b. move north over cooler water, c. move over land, d. all of these | d |
NDQ_004879 | hurricane katrina caused so much damage to new orleans because | a. it was the most powerful hurricane ever to strike land, b. it caused the levees that protected the city to break, c. the region had already been weakened by hurricane rita, d. it moved very fast and powerfully | b |
NDQ_005060 | the most important thing to remember about winds is that they blow | a. from low pressure cells to high pressure cells, b. from high pressure cells to low pressure cells, c. from west to east, d. with the global wind belts | b |
NDQ_005061 | low pressure cells are created by warm air rising. | a. true, b. false | a |
NDQ_005063 | monsoon winds form when | a. a hot low pressure package of air rises above a cold high pressure package of air, b. a cold low pressure package of air rises above a hot high pressure package of air, c. warm air above the sea rises and sucks in hot air from the land, d. hot air above land rises and sucks in warm wet air from the sea | d |
NDQ_005064 | the santa ana winds blow when | a. the great basin experiences a low pressure and sucks cooler air off the pacific ocean, b. hot dry air from the southwestern deserts is sucked back toward the pacific through the mountain passes, c. the great basin experiences a high pressure and forces winds back down toward the, d. none of these | c |
NDQ_005065 | how do chinook winds cause a rainshadow effect on the leeward side of a mountain range? | a. air descending from the mountains experiences adiabatic heating; as it warms it sucks, b. air ascending over the mountains stays aloft and is too high to precipitate, c. air ascending over the mountains experiences adiabatic heating and precipitates on the top of the mountain range, d. none of these | a |
NDQ_005066 | on a mountain and adjacent valley, | a. mountain breezes occur during the day and valley breezes occur at night, b. valley breezes occur during the day and mountain breezes occur at night, c. mountain breezes are caused by warm air rising up the mountain, d. none of these | b |
NDQ_005067 | in india, summer monsoons | a. bring much needed rain for drinking and irrigation, b. bring dry air into the region, which sucks up all the moisture, c. bring a much increased chance of tornados and hurricanes into the region, d. none of these | a |
NDQ_005068 | the reason for land and sea breezes, and also monsoon winds is that the ocean has | a. a low specific heat compared to land, b. a high latent heat compared to land, c. a high specific heat compared to land, d. a low latent heat compared to land | c |
NDQ_005069 | a haboob | a. is a high wind created in a desert, b. picks up dust because dirt and sand are exposed, c. occurs in the downdrafts in front of a thunderstorm, d. all of these | d |
NDQ_005261 | mid-latitude cyclones form at __________ when the temperature difference between two air masses is __________. | a. the northeastern u.s.; insignificant, b. the southern hemisphere; insignificant, c. the polar front; large, d. a squall line; large | c |
NDQ_005262 | in new england and the mid-atlantic , __________ mid-latitude cyclones called __________, are common. | a. backwards rotating; southeasters, b. fierce; noreasters, c. mild; noreasters, d. fierce; southeasters | b |
NDQ_005263 | mid-latitude cyclones form when | a. upwelling air in a thunderstorm sucks in warm wet air that begins to rotate counterclockwise, b. air masses blowing past each other in opposite directions are deflected by coriolis and, c. hot air in the ocean rises and begins to spin due to coriolis, building strength as it moves over the sea surface, d. none of th... | b |
NDQ_005264 | most winter storms in the middle latitudes are mid-latitude cyclones. | a. true, b. false | a |
NDQ_005265 | as the winds in a cyclone rotate | a. the air rises and cools creating clouds and precipitation, b. they collapse inward and spin faster and faster, c. it loses energy and dissipates within minutes to an hour, d. none of these | a |
NDQ_005266 | in the southern hemisphere a cyclone would rotate clockwise. | a. true, b. false | a |
NDQ_005267 | about 10 noreasters strike the eastern seaboard each year. | a. true, b. false | b |
NDQ_005268 | in 1993, a noreaster hit the entire eastern seaboard of the united states called the | a. storm of the millennium, b. storm of the year, c. storm of the century, d. the biggest storm ever | c |
NDQ_005320 | the enormous number of species is due to | a. the tremendous variety of habitats that organisms have evolved to fill, b. the ability of an individual to change to meet a challenge, c. the fact that we have been looking for them, d. all of these | a |
NDQ_005322 | each organism is adapted to survive in a specific environment. | a. true, b. false | a |
NDQ_005323 | if you live in the developed world, you have probably seen around half of the species that exist on earth. | a. true, b. false | b |
NDQ_005324 | to avoid being eaten, a plant can do any of the following except | a. grow spines, b. run away, c. taste awful, d. be poisonous | b |
NDQ_005325 | which of the following is true? | a. about 1 million species are currently alive on earth, b. about 1 million species are estimated to exist but not have been discovered, c. the amount of biodiversity decreased through earth history, d. all of the above | a |
NDQ_005326 | adaptations | a. protect organisms from the external environment, b. allow organisms to gather food, c. allow organisms to avoid being food, d. all of these | d |
NDQ_005327 | reindeer have sponge-like hoofs to walk on snowy ground without slipping. this is an example of | a. a habitat, b. biodiversity, c. an adaptation, d. a predator | c |
NDQ_005328 | the zebras dark stripes confuse predators and help keep it from being eaten. | a. true, b. false | a |
NDQ_005329 | scientists have discovered every organism that lives on earth. | a. true, b. false | b |
NDQ_005410 | to test a hypothesis, we can | a. figure out what we believe to be true, b. do experiments with multiple independent variables, c. gather data using scientific method, d. all of the above | c |
NDQ_005411 | which tools do scientists use to observe other planets? | a. satellites, b. microscopes, c. magnifying glasses, d. all of the above | a |
NDQ_005413 | the factor that is manipulated is the | a. independent variable, b. dependent variable, c. independent factor, d. dependent factor | a |
NDQ_005414 | a factor that depends on the independent factor is the | a. independent variable, b. dependent variable, c. independent factor, d. dependent factor | b |
NDQ_005415 | the experiment is on how temperature changes throughout the day. which factor is dependent and which factor is independent? | a. the independent factor is the researcher and the dependent factor is the time of day, b. the independent factor and the dependent factor are both the time of day, c. the independent factor is the time of day and the dependent factor is temperature, d. the independent factor is the time of day and the dependent facto... | c |
NDQ_005416 | the ________________ is not subjected to the independent variable. | a. manipulated variable, b. dependent variable, c. control group, d. independent group | c |
NDQ_005417 | if i want to do an experiment to test whether vitamin c helps prevent colds, the control group must | a. get double the dose of vitamin c, b. get half the dose of vitamin c, c. get vitamin c every other day, d. not be given vitamin c | d |
NDQ_005418 | sometimes a stopwatch is stopped a little early and sometimes it is stopped a little late. what type of error is this? | a. systematic error, b. random error, c. human error, d. controlled error | b |
NDQ_005419 | a scale always weights samples a little bit high. what type of error is this? | a. systematic error, b. random error, c. human error, d. controlled error | a |
NDQ_005420 | a researcher has a cold and isnt doing her best work. what type of error is this? | a. systematic error, b. random error, c. experimental error, d. controlled error | c |
NDQ_005621 | what type of model is used to predict the weather? | a. physical model, b. mathematical model, c. conceptual model, d. weather model | b |
NDQ_005622 | which type of scientists predict weather? | a. climatologists, b. meteorologists, c. geologists, d. geographers | b |
NDQ_005623 | the nwp produces the most accurate information and its forecasts are always right. | a. true, b. false | b |
NDQ_005624 | computers produce better predictions because they can make many more calculations than people can. | a. true, b. false | a |
NDQ_005625 | one reason that weather predictions are much more accurate is that they were 20 years ago is that | a. the weather is less variable and can be more easily predicted, b. we have more years of experience in knowing what kind of weather can happen in each location, c. we now have much more and much better data, d. none of these | c |
NDQ_005626 | a computer model of the weather | a. calculates what will happen over time in a 3-dimensional grid, b. predicts farther into the future, c. is broadcast widely, d. all of these | d |
NDQ_005627 | scientists are now able to predict the weather 5 days from now with as much accuracy as they could predict the weather 2 days hence only two decades ago. | a. true, b. false | a |
NDQ_005628 | if a meteorologist sees a hurricane headed for a populated shoreline the best thing to do is | a. get the prediction verified by other data and other scientists, b. alert public officials, c. explain to the media what is happening, d. all of these | d |
NDQ_005629 | an accurate weather forecast | a. allows people to secure their property and evacuate as needed, b. requires technology that is not yet available, c. is something that is available every day for at least a week in the future, d. all of these | a |
NDQ_005630 | weather getting projected further into the future because we have more and better data and supercomputers to do the modeling. | a. true, b. false | a |
NDQ_005632 | air pressure decreases as the altitude increases. | a. true, b. false | b |
NDQ_005633 | when you are in an airplane, you mostly feel the increase and decrease of altitude in this part of your body? | a. hands, b. feet, c. toes, d. ear | d |
NDQ_005634 | your ears pop when you ascend in an airplane because | a. your inner ear holds air at higher atmospheric pressure than the air outside your ear, b. the air inside your ear is pushed through to equalize the pressure, c. your inner ear holds air at a lower atmospheric pressure than the air outside your ear, d. a & b | d |
NDQ_005635 | what could happen to a capped bottle full of air if it was taken from sea level up to the top of mt. everest? | a. the lower pressure on the inside than on the outside would make it collapse, b. the higher pressure on the inside than on the outside would make it push its cap off, c. the lower temperature on top of the mountain would make it push its cap off, d. the higher temperature on the top of the mountain would make it coll... | b |
NDQ_005637 | gases at sea level are compressed by the weight of the atmosphere above them. | a. true, b. false | a |
NDQ_005638 | people who climb tall mountains set up camp at higher and higher elevations to get used to the | a. lower temperature, b. higher pressure, c. sparser atmosphere, d. lack of vegetation | c |
NDQ_005639 | why is the air denser the closer you are to sea level? | a. the gravitational pull is stronger closer to the center of the earth, b. gases weigh more when they are full of water vapor, c. the warmer temperatures at lower elevations make the air denser, d. the atmospheric pressure is lower nearer to sea level | a |
NDQ_005640 | we are not crushed by air pressure because the molecules inside our bodies are pushing outward as much as the atmosphere is pushing in. | a. true, b. false | a |
NDQ_005771 | coral have a symbiotic relationship with zooxanthellae in which the coral provide food and the zooxanthellae provide a safe home. | a. true, b. false | b |
NDQ_005772 | producers live | a. in the surface of the ocean, b. at hydrothermal vents, c. on land, d. all of these | d |
NDQ_005773 | herbivores may eat | a. producers, b. other herbivores, c. carnivores, d. all of the above | a |
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