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NDQ_004695
the variable weather of much of north america and europe is caused by
a. the meeting of warm moist air from the south and cold, dry air from the north, b. the meeting of warm dry air from the south and cold wet air from the north, c. the meeting of the polar jet stream and the sub-tropical jet stream, d. the meeting of the sub-tropical jet stream and the tropical jet stream
a
NDQ_004696
in both the northern and southern hemispheres, the trade winds blow from east to west.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_004697
the jet stream (the one meteorologists talk about)
a. is formed by the large temperature difference between the polar cell and the ferrell cell, b. is found at the boundary of the troposphere and stratosphere, c. move seasonally south in the winter and north in the summer, d. all of these
d
NDQ_004698
the basic model of global atmospheric circulation shows
a. one atmospheric circulation cell from the north pole to the south pole, b. three circulation cells in the northern hemisphere and three in the southern, c. six atmospheric circulation cells in the northern hemisphere and six in the southern hemisphere, d. random motion of atmospheric circulation
b
NDQ_004699
air in the atmospheric circulation cells should blow north to south or south to north, but it doesnt because
a. it must travel around the jet streams so it goes northwest to southeast or vice versa, b. it is deflected left (northern hemisphere) or right (southern hemisphere) by coriolis effect, c. it is deflected right (northern hemisphere) or left (southern hemisphere) by coriolis, d. none of these
c
NDQ_004800
the cenozoic age ended when the pleistocene megafauna went extinct.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_004801
both mammals and birds have the ability to regulate their own
a. digestive systems, b. brain development, c. fur or feather production, d. body temperature
d
NDQ_004802
mammals are endothermic and have fur, hair, or blubber for warmth.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_004803
mammals are so well adapted to the environment that they can
a. outcompete reptiles on land and birds in the air, b. stay warm with fur or features, c. swim, fly, run, and walk for transportation, d. all of the above
c
NDQ_004804
many pleistocene mammals were huge because its easier to stay warm with
a. a high surface area to volume ratio, b. a low surface area to volume ratio, c. more fur, feathers and blubber, d. none of these
a
NDQ_004806
which if the following is not an example of pleistocene megafauna?
a. saber toothed cat, b. whale, c. giant condor, d. wooly mammoth
b
NDQ_004807
an example of a cenozoic mammal is a
a. human, b. hoofed mammal, c. whale, d. all of the above
d
NDQ_004808
the extinction of reptiles at the end of the mesozoic allowed diversification of mammals and birds into the open habitats.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_004809
extinctions of pleistocene megafauna were caused by
a. increased lowering of temperatures, b. human activities, such as hunting, c. an asteroid impact, d. all of the above
b
NDQ_004810
the climate during the mesozoic was ideal for reptiles being mostly
a. much cooler than today, b. much warmer than today, c. much more variable than today, d. all of the above
b
NDQ_004811
there was more oxygen in the mesozoic atmosphere than there is today.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_004812
at the beginning of the mesozoic.
a. pangaea began to come together, b. many life forms went extinct, c. plants and animals diversified and spread, d. all of these
c
NDQ_004813
flowering plants evolved during the cretaceous.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_004814
the dinosaurs went entirely extinct.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_004815
evidence that at least some dinosaurs were endotherms includes
a. their ability to live in harsh environments, b. evidence that they grew fast and were active, c. their large brains, d. all of these
d
NDQ_004816
mammals appeared near the end of
a. the cambrian explosion, b. the mesozoic era, c. the jurassic epoch, d. the triassic epoch
d
NDQ_004817
the amniote egg has a shell and contains all the nutrients and water required for the developing embryo.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_004818
the mass extinction that killed the dinosaurs was due to an asteroid impact that
a. kicked up a massive dust cloud that blocked sunlight and stopped photosynthesis, b. roasted larger animals, c. caused acid rain to dissolve plankton shells, d. all of these
d
NDQ_004819
the amniote egg was essential for the spread of reptiles because it allowed
a. eggs to survive and hatch away from water, b. dinosaurs to hatch from eggs, c. eggs to survive the asteroid impact and mass extinction, d. all of these
a
NDQ_004820
which organisms originated in the paleozoic?
a. fish, b. amphibians, c. arthropods, d. all of the above
d
NDQ_004821
during which time period did simple plants begin colonizing the land?
a. ordovician, b. cambrian, c. pre cambrian, d. carboniferous
a
NDQ_004822
the cambrian saw a tremendous diversification in life forms because
a. marine regressions opened up many habitats on land, b. competition with the ediacara fauna caused rapid evolution of cambrian organisms, c. the extent of shallow seas opened up many marine habitats, d. all of these
c
NDQ_004823
most of the fossil fuels we burn today originated in __________ swamps, dominated by __________ plants.
a. cambrian; flowering plants, b. carboniferous; seed-bearing, c. carboniferous; flowering, d. cambrian; seed-bearing
b
NDQ_004824
for land plants to flourish __________ needed to evolve.
a. seeds, b. flowers, c. insects, d. puddles of water
a
NDQ_004825
the only mass extinction in the paleozoic was the one at the end of the permian period.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_004826
which was not one of the proposed causes for mass extinction that defined the end of the permian?
a. gradual environmental change, b. changes in the composition of the atmosphere, c. global warming, d. intense volcanism
c
NDQ_004827
the largest increase in diversity and number of living things in earth history was the __________ at the beginning of the __________.
a. burgess explosion; paleozoic, b. paleozoic explosion; cambrian, c. ediacara explosion; cambrian, d. cambrian explosion; paleozoic
d
NDQ_004828
in the end-of-permian mass extinction
a. about 55% of marine organisms went extinct, b. species composed of calcium carbonate went extinct at a greater rate than others, c. about 35% of terrestrial vertebrate species went extinct, d. all of these
b
NDQ_004829
the organisms that died off in the greatest mass extinction in earth history all died within days or weeks.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_004870
hurricanes are
a. very large noreasters, b. tropical cyclones, c. tropical depressions, d. mid-latitude cyclones
b
NDQ_004871
for an atlantic hurricane to form and grow
a. sea surface temperature must be > 28oc, b. air must begin to rotate around a low pressure, c. wind shear must be low, d. all of the above
d
NDQ_004872
how long do hurricanes typically last?
a. 1-2 days, b. 3-5 days, c. 5-10 days, d. 10-12 days
c
NDQ_004874
the energy to fuel a hurricane comes from latent heat as water vapor condenses.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_004875
the saffir-simpson scale measures hurricane intensity. it
a. it goes from 1 to 10, with 1 being the weakest, b. it goes from 1 to 10, with 1 being the strongest, c. it goes from 1 to 5, with 1 being the weakest, d. it goes from 1 to 5, with 1 being the strongest
c
NDQ_004876
the eye of a hurricane is
a. the low pressure center of the storm, b. the high pressure center of the storm, c. a tornado that forms in the center of a cyclone, d. the most intense part of the storm
a
NDQ_004877
a hurricane often turns from a northwest track to a northeast track as it moves from the trade winds to the westerlies.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_004878
hurricanes will die when they
a. are cut off from their supply of latent heat, b. move north over cooler water, c. move over land, d. all of these
d
NDQ_004879
hurricane katrina caused so much damage to new orleans because
a. it was the most powerful hurricane ever to strike land, b. it caused the levees that protected the city to break, c. the region had already been weakened by hurricane rita, d. it moved very fast and powerfully
b
NDQ_005060
the most important thing to remember about winds is that they blow
a. from low pressure cells to high pressure cells, b. from high pressure cells to low pressure cells, c. from west to east, d. with the global wind belts
b
NDQ_005061
low pressure cells are created by warm air rising.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_005063
monsoon winds form when
a. a hot low pressure package of air rises above a cold high pressure package of air, b. a cold low pressure package of air rises above a hot high pressure package of air, c. warm air above the sea rises and sucks in hot air from the land, d. hot air above land rises and sucks in warm wet air from the sea
d
NDQ_005064
the santa ana winds blow when
a. the great basin experiences a low pressure and sucks cooler air off the pacific ocean, b. hot dry air from the southwestern deserts is sucked back toward the pacific through the mountain passes, c. the great basin experiences a high pressure and forces winds back down toward the, d. none of these
c
NDQ_005065
how do chinook winds cause a rainshadow effect on the leeward side of a mountain range?
a. air descending from the mountains experiences adiabatic heating; as it warms it sucks, b. air ascending over the mountains stays aloft and is too high to precipitate, c. air ascending over the mountains experiences adiabatic heating and precipitates on the top of the mountain range, d. none of these
a
NDQ_005066
on a mountain and adjacent valley,
a. mountain breezes occur during the day and valley breezes occur at night, b. valley breezes occur during the day and mountain breezes occur at night, c. mountain breezes are caused by warm air rising up the mountain, d. none of these
b
NDQ_005067
in india, summer monsoons
a. bring much needed rain for drinking and irrigation, b. bring dry air into the region, which sucks up all the moisture, c. bring a much increased chance of tornados and hurricanes into the region, d. none of these
a
NDQ_005068
the reason for land and sea breezes, and also monsoon winds is that the ocean has
a. a low specific heat compared to land, b. a high latent heat compared to land, c. a high specific heat compared to land, d. a low latent heat compared to land
c
NDQ_005069
a haboob
a. is a high wind created in a desert, b. picks up dust because dirt and sand are exposed, c. occurs in the downdrafts in front of a thunderstorm, d. all of these
d
NDQ_005261
mid-latitude cyclones form at __________ when the temperature difference between two air masses is __________.
a. the northeastern u.s.; insignificant, b. the southern hemisphere; insignificant, c. the polar front; large, d. a squall line; large
c
NDQ_005262
in new england and the mid-atlantic , __________ mid-latitude cyclones called __________, are common.
a. backwards rotating; southeasters, b. fierce; noreasters, c. mild; noreasters, d. fierce; southeasters
b
NDQ_005263
mid-latitude cyclones form when
a. upwelling air in a thunderstorm sucks in warm wet air that begins to rotate counterclockwise, b. air masses blowing past each other in opposite directions are deflected by coriolis and, c. hot air in the ocean rises and begins to spin due to coriolis, building strength as it moves over the sea surface, d. none of th...
b
NDQ_005264
most winter storms in the middle latitudes are mid-latitude cyclones.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_005265
as the winds in a cyclone rotate
a. the air rises and cools creating clouds and precipitation, b. they collapse inward and spin faster and faster, c. it loses energy and dissipates within minutes to an hour, d. none of these
a
NDQ_005266
in the southern hemisphere a cyclone would rotate clockwise.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_005267
about 10 noreasters strike the eastern seaboard each year.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_005268
in 1993, a noreaster hit the entire eastern seaboard of the united states called the
a. storm of the millennium, b. storm of the year, c. storm of the century, d. the biggest storm ever
c
NDQ_005320
the enormous number of species is due to
a. the tremendous variety of habitats that organisms have evolved to fill, b. the ability of an individual to change to meet a challenge, c. the fact that we have been looking for them, d. all of these
a
NDQ_005322
each organism is adapted to survive in a specific environment.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_005323
if you live in the developed world, you have probably seen around half of the species that exist on earth.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_005324
to avoid being eaten, a plant can do any of the following except
a. grow spines, b. run away, c. taste awful, d. be poisonous
b
NDQ_005325
which of the following is true?
a. about 1 million species are currently alive on earth, b. about 1 million species are estimated to exist but not have been discovered, c. the amount of biodiversity decreased through earth history, d. all of the above
a
NDQ_005326
adaptations
a. protect organisms from the external environment, b. allow organisms to gather food, c. allow organisms to avoid being food, d. all of these
d
NDQ_005327
reindeer have sponge-like hoofs to walk on snowy ground without slipping. this is an example of
a. a habitat, b. biodiversity, c. an adaptation, d. a predator
c
NDQ_005328
the zebras dark stripes confuse predators and help keep it from being eaten.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_005329
scientists have discovered every organism that lives on earth.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_005410
to test a hypothesis, we can
a. figure out what we believe to be true, b. do experiments with multiple independent variables, c. gather data using scientific method, d. all of the above
c
NDQ_005411
which tools do scientists use to observe other planets?
a. satellites, b. microscopes, c. magnifying glasses, d. all of the above
a
NDQ_005413
the factor that is manipulated is the
a. independent variable, b. dependent variable, c. independent factor, d. dependent factor
a
NDQ_005414
a factor that depends on the independent factor is the
a. independent variable, b. dependent variable, c. independent factor, d. dependent factor
b
NDQ_005415
the experiment is on how temperature changes throughout the day. which factor is dependent and which factor is independent?
a. the independent factor is the researcher and the dependent factor is the time of day, b. the independent factor and the dependent factor are both the time of day, c. the independent factor is the time of day and the dependent factor is temperature, d. the independent factor is the time of day and the dependent facto...
c
NDQ_005416
the ________________ is not subjected to the independent variable.
a. manipulated variable, b. dependent variable, c. control group, d. independent group
c
NDQ_005417
if i want to do an experiment to test whether vitamin c helps prevent colds, the control group must
a. get double the dose of vitamin c, b. get half the dose of vitamin c, c. get vitamin c every other day, d. not be given vitamin c
d
NDQ_005418
sometimes a stopwatch is stopped a little early and sometimes it is stopped a little late. what type of error is this?
a. systematic error, b. random error, c. human error, d. controlled error
b
NDQ_005419
a scale always weights samples a little bit high. what type of error is this?
a. systematic error, b. random error, c. human error, d. controlled error
a
NDQ_005420
a researcher has a cold and isnt doing her best work. what type of error is this?
a. systematic error, b. random error, c. experimental error, d. controlled error
c
NDQ_005621
what type of model is used to predict the weather?
a. physical model, b. mathematical model, c. conceptual model, d. weather model
b
NDQ_005622
which type of scientists predict weather?
a. climatologists, b. meteorologists, c. geologists, d. geographers
b
NDQ_005623
the nwp produces the most accurate information and its forecasts are always right.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_005624
computers produce better predictions because they can make many more calculations than people can.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_005625
one reason that weather predictions are much more accurate is that they were 20 years ago is that
a. the weather is less variable and can be more easily predicted, b. we have more years of experience in knowing what kind of weather can happen in each location, c. we now have much more and much better data, d. none of these
c
NDQ_005626
a computer model of the weather
a. calculates what will happen over time in a 3-dimensional grid, b. predicts farther into the future, c. is broadcast widely, d. all of these
d
NDQ_005627
scientists are now able to predict the weather 5 days from now with as much accuracy as they could predict the weather 2 days hence only two decades ago.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_005628
if a meteorologist sees a hurricane headed for a populated shoreline the best thing to do is
a. get the prediction verified by other data and other scientists, b. alert public officials, c. explain to the media what is happening, d. all of these
d
NDQ_005629
an accurate weather forecast
a. allows people to secure their property and evacuate as needed, b. requires technology that is not yet available, c. is something that is available every day for at least a week in the future, d. all of these
a
NDQ_005630
weather getting projected further into the future because we have more and better data and supercomputers to do the modeling.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_005632
air pressure decreases as the altitude increases.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_005633
when you are in an airplane, you mostly feel the increase and decrease of altitude in this part of your body?
a. hands, b. feet, c. toes, d. ear
d
NDQ_005634
your ears pop when you ascend in an airplane because
a. your inner ear holds air at higher atmospheric pressure than the air outside your ear, b. the air inside your ear is pushed through to equalize the pressure, c. your inner ear holds air at a lower atmospheric pressure than the air outside your ear, d. a & b
d
NDQ_005635
what could happen to a capped bottle full of air if it was taken from sea level up to the top of mt. everest?
a. the lower pressure on the inside than on the outside would make it collapse, b. the higher pressure on the inside than on the outside would make it push its cap off, c. the lower temperature on top of the mountain would make it push its cap off, d. the higher temperature on the top of the mountain would make it coll...
b
NDQ_005637
gases at sea level are compressed by the weight of the atmosphere above them.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_005638
people who climb tall mountains set up camp at higher and higher elevations to get used to the
a. lower temperature, b. higher pressure, c. sparser atmosphere, d. lack of vegetation
c
NDQ_005639
why is the air denser the closer you are to sea level?
a. the gravitational pull is stronger closer to the center of the earth, b. gases weigh more when they are full of water vapor, c. the warmer temperatures at lower elevations make the air denser, d. the atmospheric pressure is lower nearer to sea level
a
NDQ_005640
we are not crushed by air pressure because the molecules inside our bodies are pushing outward as much as the atmosphere is pushing in.
a. true, b. false
a
NDQ_005771
coral have a symbiotic relationship with zooxanthellae in which the coral provide food and the zooxanthellae provide a safe home.
a. true, b. false
b
NDQ_005772
producers live
a. in the surface of the ocean, b. at hydrothermal vents, c. on land, d. all of these
d
NDQ_005773
herbivores may eat
a. producers, b. other herbivores, c. carnivores, d. all of the above
a