text stringlengths 1 1k | source stringlengths 31 152 |
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ction on each element of the input list.
=== ML ===
ML (1973) stands for "Meta Language." ML is statically typed, and function arguments and return types may be annotated.
ML is not as bracket-centric as Lisp, and instead uses a wider variety of syntax to codify the relationship between code elements, rather than a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declarative_programming |
m,jerry) succeeds, while eat(jerry,tom) fails. Moreover, the query eat(X,jerry) succeeds with the answer substitution X=tom.
Prolog executes programs top-down, using SLD resolution to reason backwards, reducing goals to subgoals. In this example, it uses the last rule of the program to reduce the goal of answering the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declarative_programming |
e beginning of logic programming, but it was identified as a separate area around 1977. Syntactically and semantically, it is a subset of Prolog. But because it does not have compound terms, it is not Turing-complete.
Most Datalog systems execute programs bottom-up, using rules to reason forwards, deriving new facts fr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declarative_programming |
in the late 1990s, based on the stable model (answer set) semantics of logic programming. Like Datalog, it is a subset of Prolog; and, because it does not have compound terms, it is not Turing-complete.
Most implementations of ASP execute a program by first "grounding" the program, replacing all variables in rules by ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declarative_programming |
Declarative Programming Paradigms and the Future of Definitional Programming. 1996. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declarative_programming |
Broadcast programming is the practice of organizing or ordering (scheduling) of broadcast media shows, typically radio and television, in a daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, or season-long schedule.
Modern broadcasters use broadcast automation to regularly change the scheduling of their shows to build an audience for ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_programming |
sition that makes their advertising most likely to be effective.
With the growth of digital platforms and services allowing non-linear, on-demand access to television content, this approach to broadcasting has since been referred to using the retronym linear (such as linear television and linear channels).
== History... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_programming |
, or a special such as a high-profile sporting event (such as, in the United States, the Super Bowl), in the hope that audience flow will encourage the audience to tune-in early or stay for the second program. The second program is usually one that the broadcaster wants to promote to a wider audience, such as a new or ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_programming |
stead, and Letterman departed for CBS to host a spiritual successor—Late Show with David Letterman—beginning in the 1993–94 season. Late Night would continue as a franchise with hosts such as Conan O'Brien and Jimmy Fallon—both of whom would later go on to host The Tonight Show.
The same season, Fox scheduled The X-Fil... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_programming |
he talk show The Jay Leno Show (a spiritual successor to Leno's tenure of The Tonight Show after Conan O'Brien succeeded him) in a 10:00 p.m. ET/PT timeslot proved detrimental to the viewership of late local newscasts on its affiliates. NBC subsequently announced plans to shorten The Jay Leno Show to a half hour and mo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_programming |
F" lineup, All TV's "Jeepney TV sa All TV", and NBC's "Must See TV").
=== Bridging ===
Bridging is the practice of discouraging the audience from changing channels during the "junctions" between specific programs. This can be done, primarily, by airing promos for the next program near the end of the preceding program... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_programming |
ed into the program itself, with no junction in between. ABC commissioned a minute-by-minute Nielsen ratings report, which showed that the majority of viewers from Roseanne had been retained during the premiere.
Owing to both programs' news comedy formats, the Comedy Central program The Daily Show used newscast-style t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_programming |
gment) as normal.
In some cases, a channel may intentionally allow a program to overrun into the next half-hour timeslot rather than end exactly on the half-hour, in order to discourage viewers from "surfing" away at traditional junction periods (since they had missed the beginnings of programs on other channels alread... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_programming |
line is extended across episodes of two or more separate programs. Typically, these involve programs that form a single franchise or shared universe, such as NBC's Chicago franchise and Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (all created by Dick Wolf), and the ABC dramas Grey's Anatomy and Station 19 (both created by Shonda... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_programming |
erprogrammed in this manner. One of the most prominent examples of this practice was Fox's 1992 airing of a special live episode of In Living Color against the game's halftime show.
Programs can also be counterprogrammed by a direct competitor in the same time slot, often resulting in the two programs attempting to att... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_programming |
ion season to avoid competition altogether.
=== Dayparting ===
Dayparting is the practice of dividing the day into several parts, during each of which a different type program is appropriate for that time is aired. Daytime television shows are most often geared toward a particular demographic, and what the target au... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_programming |
e run for several seasons (the rule of thumb is usually 100 episodes) in order to have enough episodes to run without significant repeats.
=== Marathons ===
A marathon is the scheduling of a continuous, long-term block of programming as an event, usually devoted to airings of a single program or film franchise. When... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_programming |
the network's acquisition of rights to broadcast a certain series or franchise). Some marathons may focus on the roles of a specific entertainer; the death of Betty White resulted in several networks scheduling marathons of programming on or around January 17, 2022—which would have been White's 100th birthday—featurin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_programming |
ften feature linear channels that are narrowly-focused towards specific programs or franchises.
=== Theming ===
A broadcaster may temporarily dedicate all or parts of its schedule over a period of time to a specific theme. A well-known instance of a themed lineup is Discovery Channel's annual "Shark Week". Themed sch... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_programming |
d "seasons" year-round, which are accompanied by thematically appropriate original series and television films. This strategy was part of an effort to position the channel as "a year-round destination for celebrations", and is synergistic with Hallmark Cards' core greeting card and collectibles businesses.
=== Time s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_programming |
Fall schedule
Interstitial program
Radio Computing Services – automated scheduling for radio stations
Timeshift channel
TV Guide
TV listings
== References == | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_programming |
A programming game is a video game that incorporates elements of computer programming, enabling the player to direct otherwise autonomous units within the game to follow commands in a domain-specific programming language, often represented as a visual language to simplify the programming metaphor. Programming games bro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_game |
nd reassemble chemical molecules. In such games, players are able to test and debug their program as often as necessary until they find a solution that works. Many of these games encourage the player to find the most efficient program, measured by the number of timesteps needed or number of commands required. Other sim... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_game |
ble. Other similar games with this type of programming approach include Transistor, else Heart.Break(), Glitchspace, and Pony Island.
Another approach used in some graphical games with programming elements is to present the player with a command line interface to issue orders via a domain-specific language to direct ob... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_game |
d to artificial life simulations. An early example is Core War (1984), where programs written in a standardized assembly-like language battle for space in a finite memory (virtual magnetic cores). Players are given tools to develop and test out their programs within the game's domain-specific language before submitting... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_game |
RoboRally or Robot Turtles, typically where a program becomes a premade deck of playing cards played one by one to execute that code.
Researchers presented RoboCode as a "problem-based learning" substrate for teaching programming.
== Related areas ==
Open world games that feature the ability for players to construct... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_game |
rinciples are used to motivate the user.
== See also ==
Programming games category
List of digital organism simulators
Visual programming language
Zachtronics
== References ==
== External links ==
The Programming Games Wiki
Many inactive programming games listed at AIforge
A History of Programming Games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_game |
A computer program is a sequence or set of instructions in a programming language for a computer to execute. It is one component of software, which also includes documentation and other intangible components.
A computer program in its human-readable form is called source code. Source code needs another computer program... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
f the source code is requested for execution, then the operating system loads the corresponding interpreter into memory and starts a process. The interpreter then loads the source code into memory to translate and execute each statement. Running the source code is slower than running an executable. Moreover, the interp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
oftware development are the result of improvements in computer hardware. At each stage in hardware's history, the task of computer programming changed dramatically.
=== Analytical Engine ===
In 1837, Jacquard's loom inspired Charles Babbage to attempt to build the Analytical Engine.
The names of the components of th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
ained Note G which completely detailed a method for calculating Bernoulli numbers using the Analytical Engine. This note is recognized by some historians as the world's first computer program.
=== Universal Turing machine ===
In 1936, Alan Turing introduced the Universal Turing machine, a theoretical device that can... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
ired together. Its 40 units weighed 30 tons, occupied 1,800 square feet (167 m2), and consumed $650 per hour (in 1940s currency) in electricity when idle. It had 20 base-10 accumulators. Programming the ENIAC took up to two months. Three function tables were on wheels and needed to be rolled to fixed function panels. F... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
ter could be programmed quickly and perform calculations at very fast speeds. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly built the ENIAC. The two engineers introduced the stored-program concept in a three-page memo dated February 1944. Later, in September 1944, John von Neumann began working on the ENIAC project. On June 30, 1945... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
ultiple processes in memory at once. When one process was waiting for input/output, another could compute.
IBM planned for each model to be programmed using PL/1. A committee was formed that included COBOL, Fortran and ALGOL programmers. The purpose was to develop a language that was comprehensive, easy to use, extendi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
pressed.
=== Very Large Scale Integration ===
A major milestone in software development was the invention of the Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) circuit (1964).
Robert Noyce, co-founder of Fairchild Semiconductor (1957) and Intel (1968), achieved a technological improvement to refine the production of field-effe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
circuit chips.
Originally, integrated circuit chips had their function set during manufacturing. During the 1960s, controlling the electrical flow migrated to programming a matrix of read-only memory (ROM). The matrix resembled a two-dimensional array of fuses. The process to embed instructions onto the matrix was to b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
onment began when Intel upgraded the Intel 8080 to the Intel 8086. Intel simplified the Intel 8086 to manufacture the cheaper Intel 8088. IBM embraced the Intel 8088 when they entered the personal computer market (1981). As consumer demand for personal computers increased, so did Intel's microprocessor development. The... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
mary arithmetic operations on real numbers.
Call stack instructions to push and pop words needed to allocate memory and interface with functions.
Single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) instructions to increase speed when multiple processors are available to perform the same algorithm on an array of data.
=== Changi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
y, a programming language should:
express ideas directly in the code.
express independent ideas independently.
express relationships among ideas directly in the code.
combine ideas freely.
combine ideas only where combinations make sense.
express simple ideas simply.
The programming style of a programming language to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
alled a syntax.
Keywords are reserved words to form declarations and statements.
Symbols are characters to form operations, assignments, control flow, and delimiters.
Identifiers are words created by programmers to form constants, variable names, structure names, and function names.
Syntax Rules are defined in the Bac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
the programmer to enter instructions using instruction numbers called machine code. For example, the ADD operation on the PDP-11 has instruction number 24576.
The second generation of programming language is assembly language. Assembly language allows the programmer to use mnemonic instructions instead of remembering ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
translate labels into physical memory addresses.
Operations allow the programmer to work with mnemonics. The assembler will later translate mnemonics into instruction numbers.
Operands tell the assembler which data the operation will process.
Comments allow the programmer to articulate a narrative because the instruct... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
ated many machine instructions for each statement, C has statements that may generate a single machine instruction. Moreover, an optimizing compiler might overrule the programmer and produce fewer machine instructions than statements. Today, an entire paradigm of languages fill the imperative, third generation spectrum... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
using declarations, expressions, and statements:
A declaration introduces a variable name to the computer program and assigns it to a datatype – for example: var x: integer;
An expression yields a value – for example: 2 + 2 yields 4
A statement might assign an expression to a variable or use the value of a variable t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
IBM's compiler. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) developed the first Fortran standard in 1966. In 1978, Fortran 77 became the standard until 1991. Fortran 90 supports:
records.
pointers to arrays.
==== COBOL ====
COBOL (1959) stands for "COmmon Business Oriented Language". Fortran manipulated symbols... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
lgol ====
ALGOL (1960) stands for "ALGOrithmic Language". It had a profound influence on programming language design. Emerging from a committee of European and American programming language experts, it used standard mathematical notation and had a readable, structured design. Algol was first to define its syntax using ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
c interpreter was installed in the microcomputers manufactured in the late 1970s. As the microcomputer industry grew, so did the language.
Basic pioneered the interactive session. It offered operating system commands within its environment:
The 'new' command created an empty slate.
Statements evaluated immediately.
St... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
s. Its growth mirrored the hardware growth in the 1980s. Its growth also was because it has the facilities of assembly language, but uses a high-level syntax. It added advanced features like:
inline assembler.
arithmetic on pointers.
pointers to functions.
bit operations.
freely combining complex operators.
C allows ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
values are stored. The other region is called the block started by segment, where variables declared without default values are stored.
Variables stored in the global and static data region have their addresses set at compile time. They retain their values throughout the life of the process.
The global and static regio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
les are only visible within the function or block. Static variables always retain their value. An example usage would be the function int increment_counter(){static int counter = 0; counter++; return counter;}
The stack region is a contiguous block of memory located near the top memory address. Variables placed in the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
region is located below the stack. It is populated from the bottom to the top. The operating system manages the heap using a heap pointer and a list of allocated memory blocks. Like the stack, the addresses of heap variables are set during runtime. An out of memory error occurs when the heap pointer and the stack point... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
supported concrete (scalar) datatypes like integer numbers, floating-point numbers, and strings of characters. Abstract datatypes are structures of concrete datatypes, with a new name assigned. For example, a list of integers could be called integer_list.
In object-oriented jargon, abstract datatypes are called classe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
l the attributes contained in the superset. For example, a student is a person. Therefore, the set of students is a subset of the set of persons. As a result, students inherit all the attributes common to all persons. Additionally, students have unique attributes that other people do not have. Object-oriented languages... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
ule's other file is the source file. Here is a C++ source file for the GRADE class in a simple school application:
Here is a C++ header file for the PERSON class in a simple school application:
Here is a C++ source file for the PERSON class in a simple school application:
Here is a C++ header file for the STUDENT cl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
e principle behind a functional language is to use lambda calculus as a guide for a well defined semantic. In mathematics, a function is a rule that maps elements from an expression to a range of values. Consider the function:
times_10(x) = 10 * x
The expression 10 * x is mapped by the function times_10() to a range of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
mer through its syntax. Functional languages have a syntax tailored to emphasize the what.
A functional program is developed with a set of primitive functions followed by a single driver function. Consider the snippet:
function max( a, b ){/* code omitted */}
function min( a, b ){/* code omitted */}
function range( a, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
of lists. In memory, a tree data structure is built. Internally, the tree structure lends nicely for recursive functions. The syntax to build a tree is to enclose the space-separated elements within parenthesis. The following is a list of three elements. The first two elements are themselves lists of two elements:
((A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
tement and goto loops. Also, Lisp is not concerned with the datatype of the elements at compile time. Instead, it assigns (and may reassign) the datatypes at runtime. Assigning the datatype at runtime is called dynamic binding. Whereas dynamic binding increases the language's flexibility, programming errors may linger ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
not parenthesis-eccentric like Lisp. The following is an application of times_10():
times_10 2
It returns "20 : int". (Both the results and the datatype are returned.)
Like Lisp, ML is tailored to process lists. Unlike Lisp, each element is the same datatype. Moreover, ML assigns the datatype of an element at compile... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
:
After all the facts and rules are entered, then a question can be asked:
Will Tom eat Jerry?
The following example shows how Prolog will convert a letter grade to its numeric value:
Here is a comprehensive example:
1) All dragons billow fire, or equivalently, a thing billows fire if the thing is a dragon:
2) A c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
, inheritance can be represented by using predicates. Rule (4) asserts that a creature is a superclass of a dragon.
Questions are answered using backward reasoning. Given the question:
Prolog generates two answers :
Practical applications for Prolog are knowledge representation and problem solving in artificial intel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
nguage, a data structure (which is also known as a record) may become an object container. To turn a data structure into an object container, operations need to be written specifically for the structure. The resulting structure is called an abstract datatype. However, inheritance will be missing. Nonetheless, this shor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
tatype in a simple school application:
Here is a C programming language header file for the STUDENT abstract datatype in a simple school application:
Here is a C programming language source file for the STUDENT abstract datatype in a simple school application:
Here is a driver program for demonstration:
Here is a m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
. A programming language's grammar correctly places its declarations, expressions, and statements. Complementing the syntax of a language are its semantics. The semantics describe the meanings attached to various syntactic constructs. A syntactic construct may need a semantic description because a production rule may h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
a noun is 'cat' or
a noun is 'mouse';
a verb is 'eats';
The words in bold-face are known as non-terminals. The words in 'single quotes' are known as terminals.
From this production rule listing, complete sentences may be formed using a series of replacements. The process is to replace non-terminals with either a valid... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
of an eat activity.
One production rule listing method is called the Backus–Naur form (BNF). BNF describes the syntax of a language and itself has a syntax. This recursive definition is an example of a metalanguage. The syntax of BNF includes:
::= which translates to is made up of a[n] when a non-terminal is to its r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
describe semantics. They are denotational semantics and axiomatic semantics.
== Software engineering and computer programming ==
Software engineering is a variety of techniques to produce quality computer programs. Computer programming is the process of writing or editing source code. In a formal environment, a syst... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
of the output. Time-sensitive information is important when communicating with the customer in real time.
=== Cost objectives ===
Achieving performance objectives should be balanced with all of the costs, including:
Development costs.
Uniqueness costs. A reusable system may be expensive. However, it might be prefer... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
hase lasts throughout the life of the system. Changes to the system after it is deployed may be necessary. Faults may exist, including specification faults, design faults, or coding faults. Improvements may be necessary. Adaption may be necessary to react to a changing environment.
=== Computer programmer ===
A compu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
e a module will execute modules located in other source code files. Therefore, computer programmers may be programming in the large: programming modules so they will effectively couple with each other. Programming-in-the-large includes contributing to the application programming interface (API).
=== Program modules =... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
or example, function compute_square_root( x ) or function compute_square_root_integer( i : integer ) are appropriate module names. However, function compute_square_root_by_division( x ) is not.
The degree of interaction within a module is its level of cohesion. Cohesion is a judgment of the relationship between a modul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
atements."
Logical Cohesion: A module has logical cohesion if it has available a series of functions, but only one of them is executed. For example, function perform_arithmetic( perform_addition, a, b ).
Temporal Cohesion: A module has temporal cohesion if it performs functions related to time. One example, function in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
re. Object-oriented classes work at this level.
Functional Cohesion: a module has functional cohesion if it achieves a single goal working only on local variables. Moreover, it may be reusable in other contexts.
=== Coupling ===
The levels of coupling from worst to best are:
Content Coupling: A module has content co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
rs are needed and none of them are modified. Moreover, the result of the function is returned as a single object.
=== Data flow analysis ===
Data flow analysis is a design method used to achieve modules of functional cohesion and data coupling. The input to the method is a data-flow diagram. A data-flow diagram is a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
modules.
== Functional categories ==
Computer programs may be categorized along functional lines. The main functional categories are application software and system software. System software includes the operating system, which couples computer hardware with application software. The purpose of the operating system ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
tions may be developed in-house as a one-of-a-kind proprietary software. Alternatively, they may be purchased as off-the-shelf software. Purchased software may be modified to provide custom software. If the application is customized, then either the company's resources are used or the resources are outsourced. Outsourc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
ay be looming.
The potential advantages of off-the-shelf software are upfront costs are identifiable, the basic needs should be fulfilled, and its performance and reliability have a track record. The potential disadvantages of off-the-shelf software are it may have unnecessary features that confuse end users, it may la... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
ted information system resources. On the other hand, larger companies with major systems will likely have their technical infrastructure in place. One risk is having to trust an external organization with sensitive information. Another risk is having to trust the provider's infrastructure reliability.
=== Operating s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
the amount of wasted time by automating the operator's job. A program called an operating system was kept in the computer at all times.
The term operating system may refer to two levels of software. The operating system may refer to the kernel program that manages the processes, memory, and devices. More broadly, the o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
ance of continuous access, the kernel quickly preempts each process control block to execute another one. The goal for system developers is to minimize dispatch latency.
The kernel program should perform memory management.
When the kernel initially loads an executable into memory, it divides the address space logicall... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
nstructions from the disk drive, not the entire execution file completely.
The kernel is responsible for translating virtual addresses into physical addresses. The kernel may request data from the memory controller and, instead, receive a page fault. If so, the kernel accesses the memory management unit to populate the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
evice management. The kernel provides programs to standardize and simplify the interface to the mouse, keyboard, disk drives, printers, and other devices. Moreover, the kernel should arbitrate access to a device if two processes request it at the same time.
The kernel program should perform network management. The kern... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
thmetic through a relatively simple interface that in turn executes a relatively complicated low-level time interface.
The kernel program should provide a communication channel between executing processes. For a large software system, it may be desirable to engineer the system into smaller processes. Processes may comm... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
cceptable range, a trigger alert is generated.
Utility programs include compression programs so data files are stored on less disk space. Compressed programs also save time when data files are transmitted over the network. Utility programs can sort and merge data sets. Utility programs detect computer viruses.
=== Mi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
ansistors in parallel forms the NOR gate.
Connecting a NOT gate to a NAND gate forms the AND gate.
Connecting a NOT gate to a NOR gate forms the OR gate.
These five gates form the building blocks of binary algebra—the digital logic functions of the computer.
Microcode instructions are mnemonics programmers may use to e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
ic logic unit (ALU). The ALU has circuits to perform elementary operations to add, shift, and compare integers. By combining and looping the elementary operations through the ALU, the CPU performs its complex arithmetic.
Microcode instructions move data between the CPU and the memory controller. Memory controller micro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program |
The terms local programme, local programming, local content or local television refers to a television program made by a television station or independent television producer for broadcast only within the station's transmission area or television market. Local programmes can encompass the whole range of programme genr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_programming |
lly produced segment.
Sometimes locally made programmes that are not too specific to the transmission area, will be sold to other local stations for broadcast in their region.
Historically there was a large percentage of local programming on television. Late in the 20th century this has significantly fallen. In many c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_programming |
ows, and variety entertainment programs such as Tiny Talent Time or Homegrown Cafe; a few stations, such as CHCH-TV in Hamilton, Ontario and CJOH in Ottawa, also distributed some of their local programming more widely through television syndication, most notably CHCH's Hilarious House of Frightenstein and CJOH's You Ca... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_programming |
costs by contracting some dayparts out to voice-tracked hosts who are not actually located in the station's physical studio or even necessarily in the same city, using a home studio, and may even be performing their show from the United States. The CBC Radio One, CBC Radio 2, Ici Radio-Canada Première and Ici Musique ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_programming |
local interest is produced by either a Public, educational, and government access (PEG) television organization, cable TV operator or broadcast network affiliate stations that offer local radio news and television news.
=== Placeholder use of term ===
Additionally, the term is used in a more generic form in the Unit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_programming |
For equivalent electronic program guide listings for set-top boxes, the term is used mainly with PEG stations and networks which do not have a schedule compiled by a cable operator as a default placeholder; other instances are with only broadcast stations who outright refuse or do not release their program listings due... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_programming |
eing broadcast, including:
Midlands Asian Television (MATV)
NVTV (Northern Visions Television), Belfast
That's TV
== See also ==
Advertorial, a common form of local programming in North America where local businesses advertise their products and services
List of local children's television series (United States)
Loc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_programming |
An integer programming problem is a mathematical optimization or feasibility program in which some or all of the variables are restricted to be integers. In many settings the term refers to integer linear programming (ILP), in which the objective function and the constraints (other than the integer constraints) are lin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer_programming |
{x} }
vector which is to be decided):
maximize
x
∈
... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer_programming |
subject to
A
x
≤
b
,
... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer_programming |
maximize
x
∈
Z
n
... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer_programming |
+
s
=
b
,
s
... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer_programming |
\&&&\mathbf {x} \geq \mathbf {0} ,\end{aligned}}}
where
c
∈
R
n
,
b
∈
R
... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer_programming |
variables that are not sign-constrained with the difference of two sign-constrained variables.
== Example ==
The plot on the right shows the following problem.
maximize
... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer_programming |
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