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context stringlengths 4 1.46k	target stringlengths 1 70	polysemous dict	correct_definitions_in_context listlengths 1 3	correct_definition_key listlengths 1 3
An advanced student has read a considerable number of descriptions of consonantal systems, including some of the more unusual types.	consonantal systems	{ "name": "consonantal_system", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the system of consonants used in a particular language" ] }	[ "the system of consonants used in a particular language" ]	[ "consonantal_system%1:10:00::" ]
An advanced student has read a considerable number of descriptions of consonantal systems, including some of the more unusual types.	including	{ "name": "include", "sense_definitions_list": [ "have as a part, be made up out of", "consider as part of something", "add as part of something else; put in as part of a set, group, or category", "allow participation in or the right to be part of; permit to exercise the rights, functions, and respo...	[ "have as a part, be made up out of" ]	[ "include%2:42:00::" ]
An advanced student has read a considerable number of descriptions of consonantal systems, including some of the more unusual types.	more	{ "name": "more", "sense_definitions_list": [ "English statesman who opposed Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine of Aragon and was imprisoned and beheaded; recalled for his concept of Utopia, the ideal state", "(comparative of `much' used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or ex...	[ "used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs" ]	[ "more%4:02:00::" ]
An advanced student has read a considerable number of descriptions of consonantal systems, including some of the more unusual types.	unusual	{ "name": "unusual", "sense_definitions_list": [ "not usual or common or ordinary", "being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird", "not commonly encountered" ] }	[ "not usual or common or ordinary" ]	[ "unusual%3:00:00::" ]
An advanced student has read a considerable number of descriptions of consonantal systems, including some of the more unusual types.	types	{ "name": "type", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a subdivision of a particular kind of thing", "a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities)", "(biology) the taxonomic group whose characteristics are used to define the next higher taxon", "printed characters", "all of the tokens...	[ "a subdivision of a particular kind of thing" ]	[ "type%1:09:00::" ]
By contrast, even experienced linguists commonly know no more of the range of possibilities in tone systems than the over-simple distinction between register and contour languages.	contrast	{ "name": "contrast", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared;,", "the act of distinguishing by comparing differences", "a conceptual separation or distinction", "the perceptual effect of the juxtaposition of very different colors", "the range of ...	[ "the act of distinguishing by comparing differences" ]	[ "contrast%1:04:00::" ]
By contrast, even experienced linguists commonly know no more of the range of possibilities in tone systems than the over-simple distinction between register and contour languages.	even	{ "name": "even", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)", "make level or straight", "become even or more even", "make even or more even", "divisible by two", "equal in degree or extent or amount; or equ...	[ "used as an intensive especially to indicate something unexpected" ]	[ "even%4:02:00::" ]
By contrast, even experienced linguists commonly know no more of the range of possibilities in tone systems than the over-simple distinction between register and contour languages.	experienced	{ "name": "experienced", "sense_definitions_list": [ "go or live through", "have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations", "go through (mental or physical states or experiences)", "undergo an emotional sensation or be in a particular state of mind", "undergo", "hav...	[ "having experience; having knowledge or skill from observation or participation" ]	[ "experienced%3:00:00::" ]
By contrast, even experienced linguists commonly know no more of the range of possibilities in tone systems than the over-simple distinction between register and contour languages.	linguists	{ "name": "linguist", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a specialist in linguistics", "a person who speaks more than one language" ] }	[ "a specialist in linguistics" ]	[ "linguist%1:18:01::" ]
By contrast, even experienced linguists commonly know no more of the range of possibilities in tone systems than the over-simple distinction between register and contour languages.	commonly	{ "name": "commonly", "sense_definitions_list": [ "under normal conditions" ] }	[ "under normal conditions" ]	[ "commonly%4:02:00::" ]
By contrast, even experienced linguists commonly know no more of the range of possibilities in tone systems than the over-simple distinction between register and contour languages.	know	{ "name": "know", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the fact of being aware of information that is known to few people", "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about", "know how to do or perform something", "be aware of the truth of something...	[ "know how to do or perform something" ]	[ "know%2:31:03::" ]
By contrast, even experienced linguists commonly know no more of the range of possibilities in tone systems than the over-simple distinction between register and contour languages.	no more	{ "name": "no_more", "sense_definitions_list": [ "not now", "referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present" ] }	[ "referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present" ]	[ "no_more%4:02:05::" ]
By contrast, even experienced linguists commonly know no more of the range of possibilities in tone systems than the over-simple distinction between register and contour languages.	range	{ "name": "range", "sense_definitions_list": [ "an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control:", "the limits within which something can be effective", "a large tract of grassy open land on which livestock can graze", "a series of hills or mountains", "a place for shooting (...	[ "an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control:" ]	[ "range%1:07:00::" ]
By contrast, even experienced linguists commonly know no more of the range of possibilities in tone systems than the over-simple distinction between register and contour languages.	possibilities	{ "name": "possibility", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a future prospect or potential", "capability of existing or happening or being true", "a tentative insight into the natural world; a concept that is not yet verified but that if true would explain certain facts or phenomena", "a possible alternat...	[ "capability of existing or happening or being true" ]	[ "possibility%1:26:00::" ]
By contrast, even experienced linguists commonly know no more of the range of possibilities in tone systems than the over-simple distinction between register and contour languages.	tone systems	{ "name": "tone_system", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the system of tones used in a particular language or dialect of a tone language" ] }	[ "the system of tones used in a particular language or dialect of a tone language" ]	[ "tone_system%1:10:00::" ]
By contrast, even experienced linguists commonly know no more of the range of possibilities in tone systems than the over-simple distinction between register and contour languages.	distinction	{ "name": "distinction", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a discrimination between things as different and distinct", "high status importance owing to marked superiority", "a distinguishing quality", "a distinguishing difference" ] }	[ "a discrimination between things as different and distinct" ]	[ "distinction%1:09:00::" ]
By contrast, even experienced linguists commonly know no more of the range of possibilities in tone systems than the over-simple distinction between register and contour languages.	register	{ "name": "register_language", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a tone language that uses different voice registers" ] }	[ "a tone language that uses different voice registers" ]	[ "register_language%1:10:00::" ]
By contrast, even experienced linguists commonly know no more of the range of possibilities in tone systems than the over-simple distinction between register and contour languages.	contour languages	{ "name": "contour_language", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a tone language that uses pitch changes" ] }	[ "a tone language that uses pitch changes" ]	[ "contour_language%1:10:00::" ]
This limited familiarity with the possible phenomena has severely hampered work with tone.	limited	{ "name": "limited", "sense_definitions_list": [ "public transport consisting of a fast train or bus that makes only a few scheduled stops", "place limits on (extent or access)", "restrict or confine,", "decide upon or fix definitely", "small in range or scope", "subject to limits or subject...	[ "small in range or scope" ]	[ "limited%3:00:00::" ]
This limited familiarity with the possible phenomena has severely hampered work with tone.	familiarity	{ "name": "familiarity", "sense_definitions_list": [ "personal knowledge or information about someone or something", "usualness by virtue of being familiar or well known", "close or warm friendship", "a casual manner", "an act of undue intimacy" ] }	[ "personal knowledge or information about someone or something" ]	[ "familiarity%1:09:00::" ]
This limited familiarity with the possible phenomena has severely hampered work with tone.	possible	{ "name": "possible", "sense_definitions_list": [ "something that can be done", "an applicant who might be suitable", "capable of happening or existing", "existing in possibility" ] }	[ "existing in possibility" ]	[ "possible%3:00:04::" ]
This limited familiarity with the possible phenomena has severely hampered work with tone.	phenomena	{ "name": "phenomenon", "sense_definitions_list": [ "any state or process known through the senses rather than by intuition or reasoning", "a remarkable development" ] }	[ "any state or process known through the senses rather than by intuition or reasoning" ]	[ "phenomenon%1:03:00::" ]
This limited familiarity with the possible phenomena has severely hampered work with tone.	severely	{ "name": "severely", "sense_definitions_list": [ "to a severe or serious degree", "with sternness; in a severe manner", "causing great damage or hardship" ] }	[ "to a severe or serious degree" ]	[ "severely%4:02:01::" ]
This limited familiarity with the possible phenomena has severely hampered work with tone.	hampered	{ "name": "hamper", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a restraint that confines or restricts freedom (especially something used to tie down or restrain a prisoner)", "a basket usually with a cover", "prevent the progress or free movement of", "put at a disadvantage" ] }	[ "prevent the progress or free movement of" ]	[ "hamper%2:30:00::" ]
This limited familiarity with the possible phenomena has severely hampered work with tone.	work	{ "name": "work", "sense_definitions_list": [ "activity directed toward making or doing something", "a product produced or accomplished through the effort or activity or agency of a person or thing", "the occupation for which you are paid", "applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject ...	[ "activity directed toward making or doing something" ]	[ "work%1:04:00::" ]
This limited familiarity with the possible phenomena has severely hampered work with tone.	tone	{ "name": "tone", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the quality of a person's voice", "(linguistics) a pitch or change in pitch of the voice that serves to distinguish words in tonal languages", "(music) the distinctive property of a complex sound (a voice or noise or musical sound)", "the general atmosp...	[ "(linguistics) a pitch or change in pitch of the voice that serves to distinguish words in tonal languages", "(music) the distinctive property of a complex sound (a voice or noise or musical sound)" ]	[ "tone%1:07:02::", "tone%1:07:01::" ]
Tone analysis will continue to be difficult and unsatisfactory until a more representative selection of systems is familar to every practicing field linguist.	Tone	{ "name": "tone", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the quality of a person's voice", "(linguistics) a pitch or change in pitch of the voice that serves to distinguish words in tonal languages", "(music) the distinctive property of a complex sound (a voice or noise or musical sound)", "the general atmosp...	[ "(linguistics) a pitch or change in pitch of the voice that serves to distinguish words in tonal languages" ]	[ "tone%1:07:02::" ]
Tone analysis will continue to be difficult and unsatisfactory until a more representative selection of systems is familar to every practicing field linguist.	analysis	{ "name": "analysis", "sense_definitions_list": [ "an investigation of the component parts of a whole and their relations in making up the whole", "the abstract separation of a whole into its constituent parts in order to study the parts and their relations", "a form of literary criticism in which the s...	[ "an investigation of the component parts of a whole and their relations in making up the whole" ]	[ "analysis%1:04:00::" ]
Tone analysis will continue to be difficult and unsatisfactory until a more representative selection of systems is familar to every practicing field linguist.	continue	{ "name": "continue", "sense_definitions_list": [ "continue a certain state, condition, or activity", "continue talking; he continued,", "keep or maintain in unaltered condition; cause to remain or last", "move ahead; travel onward in time or space", "allow to remain in a place or position or m...	[ "continue a certain state, condition, or activity" ]	[ "continue%2:42:01::" ]
Tone analysis will continue to be difficult and unsatisfactory until a more representative selection of systems is familar to every practicing field linguist.	be	{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...	[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]	[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
Tone analysis will continue to be difficult and unsatisfactory until a more representative selection of systems is familar to every practicing field linguist.	difficult	{ "name": "difficult", "sense_definitions_list": [ "not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure", "hard to control;," ] }	[ "not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure" ]	[ "difficult%3:00:00::" ]
Tone analysis will continue to be difficult and unsatisfactory until a more representative selection of systems is familar to every practicing field linguist.	unsatisfactory	{ "name": "unsatisfactory", "sense_definitions_list": [ "not giving satisfaction" ] }	[ "not giving satisfaction" ]	[ "unsatisfactory%3:00:00::" ]
Tone analysis will continue to be difficult and unsatisfactory until a more representative selection of systems is familar to every practicing field linguist.	more	{ "name": "more", "sense_definitions_list": [ "English statesman who opposed Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine of Aragon and was imprisoned and beheaded; recalled for his concept of Utopia, the ideal state", "(comparative of `much' used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or ex...	[ "(comparative of `much' used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree" ]	[ "more%3:00:01::" ]
Tone analysis will continue to be difficult and unsatisfactory until a more representative selection of systems is familar to every practicing field linguist.	representative	{ "name": "representative", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a person who represents others", "an advocate who represents someone else's policy or purpose", "a member of the United States House of Representatives", "an item of information that is typical of a class or group", "serving to represent o...	[ "serving to represent or typify" ]	[ "representative%5:00:00:typical:00" ]
Tone analysis will continue to be difficult and unsatisfactory until a more representative selection of systems is familar to every practicing field linguist.	selection	{ "name": "selection", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the act of choosing or selecting", "an assortment of things from which a choice can be made", "the person or thing chosen or selected", "a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment", "a passage sele...	[ "an assortment of things from which a choice can be made" ]	[ "selection%1:14:00::" ]
Tone analysis will continue to be difficult and unsatisfactory until a more representative selection of systems is familar to every practicing field linguist.	systems	{ "name": "system", "sense_definitions_list": [ "instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity", "a group of independent but interrelated elements comprising a unified whole", "(physical chemistry) a sample of matter in which substances in differe...	[ "a group of independent but interrelated elements comprising a unified whole" ]	[ "system%1:14:00::" ]
Tone analysis will continue to be difficult and unsatisfactory until a more representative selection of systems is familar to every practicing field linguist.	is	{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...	[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]	[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
Tone analysis will continue to be difficult and unsatisfactory until a more representative selection of systems is familar to every practicing field linguist.	familar	{ "name": "familiar", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a person attached to the household of a high official (as a pope or bishop) who renders service in return for support", "a friend who is frequently in the company of another", "a spirit (usually in animal form) that acts as an assistant to a witch or wi...	[ "well known or easily recognized" ]	[ "familiar%3:00:00::" ]
Tone analysis will continue to be difficult and unsatisfactory until a more representative selection of systems is familar to every practicing field linguist.	field	{ "name": "field", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed", "a region where a battle is being (or has been) fought", "somewhere (away from a studio or office or library or laboratory) where practical work is done or data is collected", "a branch of knowled...	[ "somewhere (away from a studio or office or library or laboratory) where practical work is done or data is collected" ]	[ "field%1:15:01::" ]
Tone analysis will continue to be difficult and unsatisfactory until a more representative selection of systems is familar to every practicing field linguist.	linguist	{ "name": "linguist", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a specialist in linguistics", "a person who speaks more than one language" ] }	[ "a specialist in linguistics" ]	[ "linguist%1:18:01::" ]