Split (1)

train · 226k rows

context stringlengths 4 1.46k	target stringlengths 1 70	polysemous dict	correct_definitions_in_context listlengths 1 3	correct_definition_key listlengths 1 3
When thus deposited, Keys says that cholesterol is mainly responsible for the arterial blockages that culminate in heart attacks.	deposited	{ "name": "deposit", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the phenomenon of sediment or gravel accumulating", "matter that has been deposited by some natural process", "the natural process of laying down a deposit of something", "money deposited in a bank or some similar institution", "a partial payment...	[ "put, fix, force, or implant" ]	[ "deposit%2:35:00::" ]
When thus deposited, Keys says that cholesterol is mainly responsible for the arterial blockages that culminate in heart attacks.	says	{ "name": "say", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the chance to speak", "express in words", "report or maintain", "express a supposition", "have or contain a certain wording or form", "give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority", "speak, pronounce, or utter in a c...	[ "express in words" ]	[ "say%2:32:00::" ]
When thus deposited, Keys says that cholesterol is mainly responsible for the arterial blockages that culminate in heart attacks.	is	{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...	[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]	[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
When thus deposited, Keys says that cholesterol is mainly responsible for the arterial blockages that culminate in heart attacks.	culminate	{ "name": "culminate", "sense_definitions_list": [ "end, especially to reach a final or climactic stage", "bring to a head or to the highest point", "reach the highest or most decisive point", "reach the highest altitude or the meridian, of a celestial body", "rise to, or form, a summit" ] }	[ "end, especially to reach a final or climactic stage" ]	[ "culminate%2:30:00::" ]
Explains Keys : As the fatty protein molecules travel in the bloodstream, they are deposited in the intima, or inner wall of a coronary artery.	Explains	{ "name": "explain", "sense_definitions_list": [ "make plain and comprehensible", "define", "serve as a reason or cause or justification of" ] }	[ "make plain and comprehensible" ]	[ "explain%2:32:00::" ]
Explains Keys : As the fatty protein molecules travel in the bloodstream, they are deposited in the intima, or inner wall of a coronary artery.	travel	{ "name": "travel", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the act of going from one place to another", "a movement through space that changes the location of something", "self-propelled movement", "change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically", "undertake a journey or trip", "make a...	[ "change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically" ]	[ "travel%2:38:00::" ]
Explains Keys : As the fatty protein molecules travel in the bloodstream, they are deposited in the intima, or inner wall of a coronary artery.	deposited	{ "name": "deposit", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the phenomenon of sediment or gravel accumulating", "matter that has been deposited by some natural process", "the natural process of laying down a deposit of something", "money deposited in a bank or some similar institution", "a partial payment...	[ "put, fix, force, or implant" ]	[ "deposit%2:35:00::" ]
The proteins and fats are burned off, and the cholesterol is left behind.	burned off	{ "name": "burn_off", "sense_definitions_list": [ "use up (energy)", "clear land of its vegetation by burning it off" ] }	[ "use up (energy)" ]	[ "burn_off%2:34:00::" ]
The proteins and fats are burned off, and the cholesterol is left behind.	left	{ "name": "leave", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the period of time during which you are absent from work or duty", "permission to do something", "the act of departing politely", "go away from a place", "go and leave behind, either intentionally or by neglect or forgetfulness", "act or be so ...	[ "go and leave behind, either intentionally or by neglect or forgetfulness" ]	[ "leave%2:31:05::" ]
As cholesterol piles up, it narrows, irritates and damages the artery, encouraging formation of calcium deposits and slowing circulation.	piles up	{ "name": "pile_up", "sense_definitions_list": [ "collect or gather", "arrange into piles or stacks", "get or gather together" ] }	[ "collect or gather" ]	[ "pile_up%2:30:00::" ]
As cholesterol piles up, it narrows, irritates and damages the artery, encouraging formation of calcium deposits and slowing circulation.	narrows	{ "name": "narrow", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a narrow strait connecting two bodies of water", "make or become more narrow or restricted", "define clearly", "become more focus on an area of activity or field of study", "become tight or as if tight", "not wide", "limited in size or sco...	[ "become tight or as if tight" ]	[ "narrow%2:30:01::" ]
As cholesterol piles up, it narrows, irritates and damages the artery, encouraging formation of calcium deposits and slowing circulation.	irritates	{ "name": "irritate", "sense_definitions_list": [ "cause annoyance in; disturb, especially by minor irritations", "excite to an abnormal condition, or chafe or inflame", "excite to some characteristic action or condition, such as motion, contraction, or nervous impulse, by the application of a stimulus"...	[ "excite to an abnormal condition, or chafe or inflame" ]	[ "irritate%2:29:00::" ]
As cholesterol piles up, it narrows, irritates and damages the artery, encouraging formation of calcium deposits and slowing circulation.	damages	{ "name": "damage", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the occurrence of a change for the worse", "loss of military equipment", "the act of damaging something or someone", "the amount of money needed to purchase something", "any harm or injury resulting from a violation of a legal right", "inflict...	[ "inflict damage upon" ]	[ "damage%2:30:00::" ]
As cholesterol piles up, it narrows, irritates and damages the artery, encouraging formation of calcium deposits and slowing circulation.	encouraging	{ "name": "encourage", "sense_definitions_list": [ "contribute to the progress or growth of", "inspire with confidence; give hope or courage to", "spur on" ] }	[ "contribute to the progress or growth of" ]	[ "encourage%2:41:00::" ]
As cholesterol piles up, it narrows, irritates and damages the artery, encouraging formation of calcium deposits and slowing circulation.	slowing	{ "name": "slow", "sense_definitions_list": [ "lose velocity; move more slowly", "become slow or slower", "cause to proceed more slowly", "not moving quickly; taking a comparatively long time", "at a slow tempo", "slow to learn or understand; lacking intellectual acuity; ; ; - Thackeray", ...	[ "lose velocity; move more slowly" ]	[ "slow%2:30:00::" ]
Eventually, says Keys, one of two things happens.	says	{ "name": "say", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the chance to speak", "express in words", "report or maintain", "express a supposition", "have or contain a certain wording or form", "give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority", "speak, pronounce, or utter in a c...	[ "express in words" ]	[ "say%2:32:00::" ]
Eventually, says Keys, one of two things happens.	happens	{ "name": "happen", "sense_definitions_list": [ "come to pass", "happen, occur, or be the case in the course of events or by chance; ; (Santayana)", "chance to be or do something, without intention or causation", "come into being; become reality", "come upon, as if by accident; meet with" ] }	[ "come to pass" ]	[ "happen%2:30:00::" ]
A clot forms at the site, seals off the flow of blood to the heart and provokes a heart attack.	forms	{ "name": "form", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something", "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality", "a perceptual structure", "any spatial attributes (especia...	[ "develop into a distinctive entity" ]	[ "form%2:42:02::" ]
A clot forms at the site, seals off the flow of blood to the heart and provokes a heart attack.	seals off	{ "name": "seal_off", "sense_definitions_list": [ "make tight; secure against leakage", "impose a blockade on" ] }	[ "impose a blockade on" ]	[ "seal_off%2:33:00::" ]
A clot forms at the site, seals off the flow of blood to the heart and provokes a heart attack.	provokes	{ "name": "provoke", "sense_definitions_list": [ "call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses)", "evoke or provoke to appear or occur", "provide the needed stimulus for", "annoy continually or chronically" ] }	[ "provide the needed stimulus for" ]	[ "provoke%2:32:00::" ]
Or ( more commonly, thinks Keys ) the deposits themselves get so big that they choke off the artery 's flow to the point that an infarct occurs : the heart muscle is suffocated, cells supplied by the artery die, and the heart is permanently, perhaps fatally injured.	thinks	{ "name": "think", "sense_definitions_list": [ "an instance of deliberate thinking", "judge or regard; look upon; judge", "expect, believe, or suppose", "use or exercise the mind or one's power of reason in order to make inferences, decisions, or arrive at a solution or judgments", "recall knowl...	[ "expect, believe, or suppose" ]	[ "think%2:31:03::" ]
Or ( more commonly, thinks Keys ) the deposits themselves get so big that they choke off the artery 's flow to the point that an infarct occurs : the heart muscle is suffocated, cells supplied by the artery die, and the heart is permanently, perhaps fatally injured.	get	{ "name": "get", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a return on a shot that seemed impossible to reach and would normally have resulted in a point for the opponent", "come into the possession of something concrete or abstract", "enter or assume a certain state or condition", "cause to move; cause to be in...	[ "enter or assume a certain state or condition" ]	[ "get%2:30:00::" ]
Or ( more commonly, thinks Keys ) the deposits themselves get so big that they choke off the artery 's flow to the point that an infarct occurs : the heart muscle is suffocated, cells supplied by the artery die, and the heart is permanently, perhaps fatally injured.	choke off	{ "name": "choke_off", "sense_definitions_list": [ "suppress", "become or cause to become obstructed" ] }	[ "become or cause to become obstructed" ]	[ "choke_off%2:35:00::" ]
Or ( more commonly, thinks Keys ) the deposits themselves get so big that they choke off the artery 's flow to the point that an infarct occurs : the heart muscle is suffocated, cells supplied by the artery die, and the heart is permanently, perhaps fatally injured.	occurs	{ "name": "occur", "sense_definitions_list": [ "come to pass", "come to one's mind; suggest itself", "to be found to exist" ] }	[ "come to pass" ]	[ "occur%2:30:00::" ]
Or ( more commonly, thinks Keys ) the deposits themselves get so big that they choke off the artery 's flow to the point that an infarct occurs : the heart muscle is suffocated, cells supplied by the artery die, and the heart is permanently, perhaps fatally injured.	suffocated	{ "name": "suffocate", "sense_definitions_list": [ "deprive of oxygen and prevent from breathing", "impair the respiration of or obstruct the air passage of", "become stultified, suppressed, or stifled", "suppress the development, creativity, or imagination of", "be asphyxiated; die from lack of...	[ "deprive of oxygen and prevent from breathing" ]	[ "suffocate%2:35:00::" ]
Or ( more commonly, thinks Keys ) the deposits themselves get so big that they choke off the artery 's flow to the point that an infarct occurs : the heart muscle is suffocated, cells supplied by the artery die, and the heart is permanently, perhaps fatally injured.	supplied	{ "name": "supply", "sense_definitions_list": [ "an amount of something available for use", "offering goods and services for sale", "the activity of supplying or providing something", "give something useful or necessary to", "circulate or distribute or equip with", "give what is desired or n...	[ "give something useful or necessary to" ]	[ "supply%2:40:00::" ]
Or ( more commonly, thinks Keys ) the deposits themselves get so big that they choke off the artery 's flow to the point that an infarct occurs : the heart muscle is suffocated, cells supplied by the artery die, and the heart is permanently, perhaps fatally injured.	die	{ "name": "die", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a small cube with 1 to 6 spots on the six faces; used in gambling to generate random numbers", "a device used for shaping metal", "a cutting tool that is fitted into a diestock and used for cutting male (external) screw threads on screws or bolts or pipes or...	[ "pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life" ]	[ "die%2:30:00::" ]
Or ( more commonly, thinks Keys ) the deposits themselves get so big that they choke off the artery 's flow to the point that an infarct occurs : the heart muscle is suffocated, cells supplied by the artery die, and the heart is permanently, perhaps fatally injured.	injured	{ "name": "injure", "sense_definitions_list": [ "cause injuries or bodily harm to", "hurt the feelings of", "cause damage or affect negatively" ] }	[ "cause injuries or bodily harm to" ]	[ "injure%2:29:00::" ]
Ordinarily, the human liver synthesizes only enough cholesterol to satisfy the body 's needs - for transportation of fats and for production of bile.	synthesizes	{ "name": "synthesize", "sense_definitions_list": [ "combine so as to form a more complex, product", "combine and form a synthesis" ] }	[ "combine so as to form a more complex, product" ]	[ "synthesize%2:31:00::" ]
Ordinarily, the human liver synthesizes only enough cholesterol to satisfy the body 's needs - for transportation of fats and for production of bile.	satisfy	{ "name": "satisfy", "sense_definitions_list": [ "meet the requirements or expectations of", "make happy or satisfied", "fill or meet a want or need" ] }	[ "fill or meet a want or need" ]	[ "satisfy%2:34:01::" ]
Even eggs and other cholesterol-rich foods, eaten in normal amounts, says Dr. Keys, do not materially affect the amount of cholesterol in the blood.	eaten	{ "name": "eat", "sense_definitions_list": [ "take in solid food", "eat a meal; take a meal", "take in food; used of animals only", "worry or cause anxiety in a persistent way", "use up (resources or materials)", "cause to deteriorate due to the action of water, air, or an acid" ] }	[ "take in solid food" ]	[ "eat%2:34:00::" ]
Even eggs and other cholesterol-rich foods, eaten in normal amounts, says Dr. Keys, do not materially affect the amount of cholesterol in the blood.	says	{ "name": "say", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the chance to speak", "express in words", "report or maintain", "express a supposition", "have or contain a certain wording or form", "give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority", "speak, pronounce, or utter in a c...	[ "express in words" ]	[ "say%2:32:00::" ]
Even eggs and other cholesterol-rich foods, eaten in normal amounts, says Dr. Keys, do not materially affect the amount of cholesterol in the blood.	affect	{ "name": "affect", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the conscious subjective aspect of feeling or emotion", "have an effect upon", "act physically on; have an effect upon", "connect closely and often incriminatingly", "make believe with the intent to deceive", "have an emotional or cognitive im...	[ "have an effect upon" ]	[ "affect%2:30:00::" ]
During World War 2,, doctors in The Netherlands and Scandinavia noted a curious fact : despite the stresses of Nazi occupation, the death rate from coronary artery disease was slowly dropping.	noted	{ "name": "note", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a brief written record", "a short personal letter", "a notation representing the pitch and duration of a musical sound", "a tone of voice that shows what the speaker is feeling", "a characteristic emotional quality", "a piece of paper money (esp...	[ "notice or perceive" ]	[ "note%2:39:00::" ]
During World War 2,, doctors in The Netherlands and Scandinavia noted a curious fact : despite the stresses of Nazi occupation, the death rate from coronary artery disease was slowly dropping.	dropping	{ "name": "drop", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a shape that is spherical and small", "a small indefinite quantity (especially of a liquid); ; ; ; --Kipling", "a sudden sharp decrease in some quantity", "a steep high face of rock", "a predetermined hiding place for the deposit and distribution of...	[ "go down in value" ]	[ "drop%2:30:00::" ]
Not until long after the war - 1950, in fact - did they get a hint of the reason.	get	{ "name": "get", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a return on a shot that seemed impossible to reach and would normally have resulted in a point for the opponent", "come into the possession of something concrete or abstract", "enter or assume a certain state or condition", "cause to move; cause to be in...	[ "come into the possession of something concrete or abstract" ]	[ "get%2:40:00::" ]
That year, Sweden 's Haqvin Malmros showed that the sinking death rate neatly coincided with increasingly severe restrictions on fatty foods.	showed	{ "name": "show", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the act of publicly exhibiting or entertaining", "something intended to communicate a particular impression", "a social event involving a public performance or entertainment", "pretending that something is the case in order to make a good impression", ...	[ "provide evidence for" ]	[ "show%2:32:00::" ]
That year, Sweden 's Haqvin Malmros showed that the sinking death rate neatly coincided with increasingly severe restrictions on fatty foods.	coincided	{ "name": "coincide", "sense_definitions_list": [ "go with, fall together", "happen simultaneously", "be the same" ] }	[ "happen simultaneously" ]	[ "coincide%2:30:00::" ]
That same year the University of California 's Dr. Laurance Kinsell, timing oxidation rates of blood fats, stumbled onto the discovery that many vegetable fats cause blood cholesterol levels to drop radically, while animal fats cause them to rise.	timing	{ "name": "time", "sense_definitions_list": [ "an instance or single occasion for some event", "a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something", "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)", "a suitable moment", ...	[ "measure the time or duration of an event or action or the person who performs an action in a certain period of time" ]	[ "time%2:30:00::" ]
That same year the University of California 's Dr. Laurance Kinsell, timing oxidation rates of blood fats, stumbled onto the discovery that many vegetable fats cause blood cholesterol levels to drop radically, while animal fats cause them to rise.	stumbled	{ "name": "stumble", "sense_definitions_list": [ "an unsteady uneven gait", "an unintentional but embarrassing blunder", "walk unsteadily", "miss a step and fall or nearly fall", "encounter by chance", "make an error" ] }	[ "encounter by chance" ]	[ "stumble%2:40:10::" ]
That same year the University of California 's Dr. Laurance Kinsell, timing oxidation rates of blood fats, stumbled onto the discovery that many vegetable fats cause blood cholesterol levels to drop radically, while animal fats cause them to rise.	cause	{ "name": "cause", "sense_definitions_list": [ "events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something", "a justification for something existing or happening", "a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end", "any entity that produces an effect or is ...	[ "cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner" ]	[ "cause%2:32:00::" ]
That same year the University of California 's Dr. Laurance Kinsell, timing oxidation rates of blood fats, stumbled onto the discovery that many vegetable fats cause blood cholesterol levels to drop radically, while animal fats cause them to rise.	drop	{ "name": "drop", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a shape that is spherical and small", "a small indefinite quantity (especially of a liquid); ; ; ; --Kipling", "a sudden sharp decrease in some quantity", "a steep high face of rock", "a predetermined hiding place for the deposit and distribution of...	[ "go down in value" ]	[ "drop%2:30:00::" ]
That same year the University of California 's Dr. Laurance Kinsell, timing oxidation rates of blood fats, stumbled onto the discovery that many vegetable fats cause blood cholesterol levels to drop radically, while animal fats cause them to rise.	cause	{ "name": "cause", "sense_definitions_list": [ "events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something", "a justification for something existing or happening", "a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end", "any entity that produces an effect or is ...	[ "cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner" ]	[ "cause%2:32:00::" ]
That same year the University of California 's Dr. Laurance Kinsell, timing oxidation rates of blood fats, stumbled onto the discovery that many vegetable fats cause blood cholesterol levels to drop radically, while animal fats cause them to rise.	rise	{ "name": "rise", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a growth in strength or number or importance", "the act of changing location in an upward direction", "an upward slope or grade (as in a road)", "a movement upward", "the amount a salary is increased", "the property possessed by a slope or surfa...	[ "increase in value or to a higher point" ]	[ "rise%2:30:00::" ]
Here Keys and others, such as Dr. A. E. Ahrens of the Rockefeller Institute, took over to demonstrate the chemical difference between vegetable and animal fats - and even between different varieties of each.	took over	{ "name": "take_over", "sense_definitions_list": [ "seize and take control without authority and possibly with force; take as one's right or possession", "take on titles, offices, duties, responsibilities", "free someone temporarily from his or her obligations", "take on as one's own the expenses or...	[ "seize and take control without authority and possibly with force; take as one's right or possession" ]	[ "take_over%2:40:07::" ]
Here Keys and others, such as Dr. A. E. Ahrens of the Rockefeller Institute, took over to demonstrate the chemical difference between vegetable and animal fats - and even between different varieties of each.	demonstrate	{ "name": "demonstrate", "sense_definitions_list": [ "give an exhibition of to an interested audience", "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment", "provide evidence for; stand as proof of; show by one's behavior, attitude, or external attributes", "march in p...	[ "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment" ]	[ "demonstrate%2:31:00::" ]
All natural food fats fall into one of three categories - saturated, mono-unsaturated and poly-unsaturated.	fall into	{ "name": "fall_into", "sense_definitions_list": [ "be included in or classified as" ] }	[ "be included in or classified as" ]	[ "fall_into%2:42:00::" ]
The degree of saturation depends on the number of hydrogen atoms on the fat molecule.	depends on	{ "name": "depend_on", "sense_definitions_list": [ "be contingent on", "put trust in with confidence", "be dependent on, as for support or maintenance" ] }	[ "be contingent on" ]	[ "depend_on%2:42:00::" ]
Saturated fats can accommodate no more hydrogens.	accommodate	{ "name": "accommodate", "sense_definitions_list": [ "be agreeable or acceptable to", "make fit for, or change to suit a new purpose", "provide with something desired or needed", "have room for; hold without crowding", "provide housing for", "provide a service or favor for someone", "mak...	[ "be agreeable or acceptable to" ]	[ "accommodate%2:42:00::" ]
Mono-unsaturated fats have room for two more hydrogens on each molecule, and the poly-unsaturated fat molecule has room for at least four hydrogens.	have	{ "name": "have", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a person who possesses great material wealth", "have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense", "have as a feature", "go through (mental or physical states or experiences)", "have ownership or possession of", "cause to move; cause t...	[ "have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense" ]	[ "have%2:40:00::" ]
Mono-unsaturated fats have room for two more hydrogens on each molecule, and the poly-unsaturated fat molecule has room for at least four hydrogens.	has	{ "name": "have", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a person who possesses great material wealth", "have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense", "have as a feature", "go through (mental or physical states or experiences)", "have ownership or possession of", "cause to move; cause t...	[ "have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense" ]	[ "have%2:40:00::" ]
The three fats have similar caloric values ( about 265 calories per oz. ), but each exerts a radically different influence on blood cholesterol.	have	{ "name": "have", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a person who possesses great material wealth", "have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense", "have as a feature", "go through (mental or physical states or experiences)", "have ownership or possession of", "cause to move; cause t...	[ "have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense" ]	[ "have%2:40:00::" ]
The three fats have similar caloric values ( about 265 calories per oz. ), but each exerts a radically different influence on blood cholesterol.	exerts	{ "name": "exert", "sense_definitions_list": [ "put to use", "have and exercise", "make a great effort at a mental or physical task" ] }	[ "put to use" ]	[ "exert%2:34:00::" ]
In the past, the duties of the state, as Sir Henry Maine noted long ago, were only two in number : internal order and external security.	noted	{ "name": "note", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a brief written record", "a short personal letter", "a notation representing the pitch and duration of a musical sound", "a tone of voice that shows what the speaker is feeling", "a characteristic emotional quality", "a piece of paper money (esp...	[ "make mention of" ]	[ "note%2:32:00::" ]
In the past, the duties of the state, as Sir Henry Maine noted long ago, were only two in number : internal order and external security.	were	{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...	[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]	[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
By prevailing over other claimants for the loyalties of men, the nation-state maintained an adequate measure of certainty and order within its territorial borders.	prevailing	{ "name": "prevail", "sense_definitions_list": [ "be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance", "be valid, applicable, or true", "continue to exist", "prove superior", "use persuasion successfully" ] }	[ "be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance" ]	[ "prevail%2:42:02::" ]
By prevailing over other claimants for the loyalties of men, the nation-state maintained an adequate measure of certainty and order within its territorial borders.	maintained	{ "name": "maintain", "sense_definitions_list": [ "keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g.,", "keep in safety and protect from harm, decay, loss, or destruction", "supply with necessities and support", "state categorically", "have and exercise", "maintain for use and service", ...	[ "keep in safety and protect from harm, decay, loss, or destruction" ]	[ "maintain%2:40:00::" ]
Outside those limits it asserted, as against other states, a position of sovereign equality, and, as against the `` inferior '' peoples of the non-Western world, a position of dominance.	asserted	{ "name": "assert", "sense_definitions_list": [ "state categorically", "to declare or affirm solemnly and formally as true", "insist on having one's opinions and rights recognized", "assert to be true" ] }	[ "to declare or affirm solemnly and formally as true" ]	[ "assert%2:32:00::" ]
It became the sole `` subject '' of `` international law '' ( a term which, it is pertinent to remember, was coined by Bentham ), a body of legal principle which by and large was made up of what Western nations could do in the world arena.	became	{ "name": "become", "sense_definitions_list": [ "enter or assume a certain state or condition", "undergo a change or development", "come into existence", "enhance the appearance of" ] }	[ "enter or assume a certain state or condition" ]	[ "become%2:30:00::" ]
It became the sole `` subject '' of `` international law '' ( a term which, it is pertinent to remember, was coined by Bentham ), a body of legal principle which by and large was made up of what Western nations could do in the world arena.	is	{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...	[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]	[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
It became the sole `` subject '' of `` international law '' ( a term which, it is pertinent to remember, was coined by Bentham ), a body of legal principle which by and large was made up of what Western nations could do in the world arena.	remember	{ "name": "remember", "sense_definitions_list": [ "recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection", "keep in mind for attention or consideration", "recapture the past; indulge in memories", "show appreciation to", "mention favorably, as in prayer", "mention as by way of greeting or to ind...	[ "keep in mind for attention or consideration" ]	[ "remember%2:31:01::" ]
It became the sole `` subject '' of `` international law '' ( a term which, it is pertinent to remember, was coined by Bentham ), a body of legal principle which by and large was made up of what Western nations could do in the world arena.	coined	{ "name": "coin", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a flat metal piece (usually a disc) used as money", "make up", "form by stamping, punching, or printing" ] }	[ "make up" ]	[ "coin%2:36:01::" ]
It became the sole `` subject '' of `` international law '' ( a term which, it is pertinent to remember, was coined by Bentham ), a body of legal principle which by and large was made up of what Western nations could do in the world arena.	made up	{ "name": "make_up", "sense_definitions_list": [ "form or compose", "devise or compose", "do or give something to somebody in return", "make up work that was missed due to absence at a later point", "make up something artificial or untrue", "put in order or neaten", "adjust for", "co...	[ "form or compose" ]	[ "make_up%2:42:00::" ]
It became the sole `` subject '' of `` international law '' ( a term which, it is pertinent to remember, was coined by Bentham ), a body of legal principle which by and large was made up of what Western nations could do in the world arena.	do	{ "name": "do", "sense_definitions_list": [ "an uproarious party", "the syllable naming the first (tonic) note of any major scale in solmization", "doctor's degree in osteopathy", "engage in", "carry out or perform an action", "get (something) done", "proceed or get along", "give ris...	[ "engage in" ]	[ "do%2:41:01::" ]
( That corpus of law was a reflection of the power system in existence during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.	was	{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...	[ "be identical to; be someone or something" ]	[ "be%2:42:06::" ]
Speaking generally, it furthered - and still tends to further - the interests of the Western powers.	Speaking	{ "name": "speak", "sense_definitions_list": [ "express in speech", "exchange thoughts; talk with", "use language", "give a speech to", "make a characteristic or natural sound" ] }	[ "exchange thoughts; talk with" ]	[ "speak%2:32:01::" ]
Speaking generally, it furthered - and still tends to further - the interests of the Western powers.	furthered	{ "name": "further", "sense_definitions_list": [ "promote the growth of", "contribute to the progress or growth of", "more distant in especially degree", "to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (`further' is used more often than `farther' in this abstract sense)", "in addit...	[ "promote the growth of" ]	[ "further%2:41:01::" ]
Speaking generally, it furthered - and still tends to further - the interests of the Western powers.	tends	{ "name": "tend", "sense_definitions_list": [ "have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined", "have care of or look after", "manage or run" ] }	[ "have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined" ]	[ "tend%2:42:01::" ]
Speaking generally, it furthered - and still tends to further - the interests of the Western powers.	further	{ "name": "further", "sense_definitions_list": [ "promote the growth of", "contribute to the progress or growth of", "more distant in especially degree", "to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (`further' is used more often than `farther' in this abstract sense)", "in addit...	[ "promote the growth of" ]	[ "further%2:41:01::" ]
The enormous changes in world politics have, however, thrown it into confusion, so much so that it is safe to say that all international law is now in need of reexamination and clarification in light of the social conditions of the present era. )	thrown	{ "name": "throw", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the act of throwing (propelling something with a rapid movement of the arm and wrist)", "a single chance or instance", "the maximum movement available to a pivoted or reciprocating piece by a cam", "bedclothes consisting of a lightweight cloth covering...	[ "cause to be confused emotionally" ]	[ "throw%2:37:00::" ]
The enormous changes in world politics have, however, thrown it into confusion, so much so that it is safe to say that all international law is now in need of reexamination and clarification in light of the social conditions of the present era. )	is	{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...	[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]	[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
The enormous changes in world politics have, however, thrown it into confusion, so much so that it is safe to say that all international law is now in need of reexamination and clarification in light of the social conditions of the present era. )	say	{ "name": "say", "sense_definitions_list": [ "the chance to speak", "express in words", "report or maintain", "express a supposition", "have or contain a certain wording or form", "give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority", "speak, pronounce, or utter in a c...	[ "report or maintain" ]	[ "say%2:32:01::" ]
The enormous changes in world politics have, however, thrown it into confusion, so much so that it is safe to say that all international law is now in need of reexamination and clarification in light of the social conditions of the present era. )	is	{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...	[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]	[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
Beyond the two basic tasks mentioned above, no attention was paid by statesman or scholar to an idea of state responsibility, either internally or externally.	mentioned	{ "name": "mention", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a remark that calls attention to something or someone", "a short note recognizing a source of information or of a quoted passage", "an official recognition of merit", "make reference to", "make mention of", "commend" ] }	[ "commend" ]	[ "mention%2:32:01::" ]
This was particularly true in the world arena, which was an anarchical battleground characterized by strife and avaricious competition for colonial empires.	was	{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...	[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]	[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
This was particularly true in the world arena, which was an anarchical battleground characterized by strife and avaricious competition for colonial empires.	was	{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...	[ "be identical to; be someone or something" ]	[ "be%2:42:06::" ]
This was particularly true in the world arena, which was an anarchical battleground characterized by strife and avaricious competition for colonial empires.	characterized	{ "name": "characterize", "sense_definitions_list": [ "describe or portray the character or the qualities or peculiarities of", "be characteristic of" ] }	[ "describe or portray the character or the qualities or peculiarities of" ]	[ "characterize%2:32:00::" ]
That any sort of duty was owed by his nation to other nations would have astonished a nineteenth-century statesman.	owed	{ "name": "owe", "sense_definitions_list": [ "be obliged to pay or repay", "be indebted to, in an abstract or intellectual sense", "be in debt" ] }	[ "be obliged to pay or repay" ]	[ "owe%2:40:01::" ]
That any sort of duty was owed by his nation to other nations would have astonished a nineteenth-century statesman.	astonished	{ "name": "astonish", "sense_definitions_list": [ "affect with wonder" ] }	[ "affect with wonder" ]	[ "astonish%2:31:00::" ]
His duty was to his sovereign and to his nation, and an extension to peoples beyond the territorial boundaries was not to be contemplated.	was	{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...	[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]	[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
His duty was to his sovereign and to his nation, and an extension to peoples beyond the territorial boundaries was not to be contemplated.	contemplated	{ "name": "contemplate", "sense_definitions_list": [ "look at thoughtfully; observe deep in thought", "consider as a possibility", "think intently and at length, as for spiritual purposes", "reflect deeply on a subject" ] }	[ "think intently and at length, as for spiritual purposes" ]	[ "contemplate%2:31:00::" ]
Thus, to cite but one example, the Pax Britannica of the nineteenth century, whether with the British navy ruling the seas or with the City of London ruling world finance, was strictly national in motivation, however much other nations ( e. g., the United States ) may have incidentally benefited.	cite	{ "name": "cite", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a short note recognizing a source of information or of a quoted passage", "make reference to", "commend", "refer to", "repeat a passage from", "refer to for illustration or proof", "advance evidence for", "call in an official matter, suc...	[ "make reference to" ]	[ "cite%2:32:00::" ]
Thus, to cite but one example, the Pax Britannica of the nineteenth century, whether with the British navy ruling the seas or with the City of London ruling world finance, was strictly national in motivation, however much other nations ( e. g., the United States ) may have incidentally benefited.	ruling	{ "name": "rule", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior", "something regarded as a normative example", "prescribed guide for conduct or action", "(linguistics) a rule describing (or prescribing) a linguistic practice", "a basic generalization tha...	[ "exercise authority over; as of nations" ]	[ "rule%2:41:00::" ]
Thus, to cite but one example, the Pax Britannica of the nineteenth century, whether with the British navy ruling the seas or with the City of London ruling world finance, was strictly national in motivation, however much other nations ( e. g., the United States ) may have incidentally benefited.	ruling	{ "name": "rule", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior", "something regarded as a normative example", "prescribed guide for conduct or action", "(linguistics) a rule describing (or prescribing) a linguistic practice", "a basic generalization tha...	[ "exercise authority over; as of nations" ]	[ "rule%2:41:00::" ]
Thus, to cite but one example, the Pax Britannica of the nineteenth century, whether with the British navy ruling the seas or with the City of London ruling world finance, was strictly national in motivation, however much other nations ( e. g., the United States ) may have incidentally benefited.	was	{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...	[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]	[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
Thus, to cite but one example, the Pax Britannica of the nineteenth century, whether with the British navy ruling the seas or with the City of London ruling world finance, was strictly national in motivation, however much other nations ( e. g., the United States ) may have incidentally benefited.	benefited	{ "name": "benefit", "sense_definitions_list": [ "financial assistance in time of need", "something that aids or promotes well-being", "a performance to raise money for a charitable cause", "derive a benefit from", "be beneficial for" ] }	[ "derive a benefit from" ]	[ "benefit%2:40:00::" ]
At the same time, all suggestions that some sort of societal responsibility existed for the welfare of the people within the territorial state was strongly resisted.	existed	{ "name": "exist", "sense_definitions_list": [ "have an existence, be extant", "support oneself" ] }	[ "have an existence, be extant" ]	[ "exist%2:42:00::" ]
At the same time, all suggestions that some sort of societal responsibility existed for the welfare of the people within the territorial state was strongly resisted.	resisted	{ "name": "resist", "sense_definitions_list": [ "elude, especially in a baffling way", "stand up or offer resistance to somebody or something", "express opposition through action or words", "withstand the force of something", "resist immunologically the introduction of some foreign tissue or org...	[ "elude, especially in a baffling way" ]	[ "resist%2:42:01::" ]
Social Darwinism was able to stave off the incipient socialist movement until well into the present century.	was	{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...	[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]	[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
Social Darwinism was able to stave off the incipient socialist movement until well into the present century.	stave off	{ "name": "stave_off", "sense_definitions_list": [ "prevent the occurrence of; prevent from happening" ] }	[ "prevent the occurrence of; prevent from happening" ]	[ "stave_off%2:41:00::" ]
However, in recent decades, for what doubtless are multiple reasons, an unannounced but nonetheless readily observable shift has occurred in both facets of national activity.	are	{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...	[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]	[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
However, in recent decades, for what doubtless are multiple reasons, an unannounced but nonetheless readily observable shift has occurred in both facets of national activity.	occurred	{ "name": "occur", "sense_definitions_list": [ "come to pass", "come to one's mind; suggest itself", "to be found to exist" ] }	[ "come to pass" ]	[ "occur%2:30:00::" ]
A concept of responsibility is in process of articulation and establishment.	is	{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...	[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]	[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
Already firmly implanted internally, it is a growing factor in external matters.	implanted	{ "name": "implant", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a prosthesis placed permanently in tissue", "fix or set securely or deeply", "become attached to and embedded in the uterus", "put firmly in the mind" ] }	[ "fix or set securely or deeply" ]	[ "implant%2:35:00::" ]
Already firmly implanted internally, it is a growing factor in external matters.	is	{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...	[ "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)" ]	[ "be%2:42:03::" ]
A little more than twenty years ago the American people turned an important corner.	turned	{ "name": "turn", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a circular segment of a curve", "the act of changing or reversing the direction of the course", "(game) the activity of doing something in an agreed succession", "an unforeseen development", "a movement in a new direction", "the act of turning a...	[ "change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense" ]	[ "turn%2:38:00::" ]
In what has aptly been called a `` constitutional revolution '', the basic nature of government was transformed from one essentially negative in nature ( the `` night-watchman state '' ) to one with affirmative duties to perform.	been	{ "name": "be", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element", "have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)", "be identical to; be someone or something", "occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere", "have an ex...	[ "be identical to; be someone or something" ]	[ "be%2:42:06::" ]
In what has aptly been called a `` constitutional revolution '', the basic nature of government was transformed from one essentially negative in nature ( the `` night-watchman state '' ) to one with affirmative duties to perform.	called	{ "name": "call", "sense_definitions_list": [ "a telephone connection", "a special disposition (as if from a divine source) to pursue a particular course", "a loud utterance; often in protest or opposition", "a demand especially in the phrase", "the characteristic sound produced by a bird", ...	[ "ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality" ]	[ "call%2:32:00::" ]
In what has aptly been called a `` constitutional revolution '', the basic nature of government was transformed from one essentially negative in nature ( the `` night-watchman state '' ) to one with affirmative duties to perform.	transformed	{ "name": "transform", "sense_definitions_list": [ "subject to a mathematical transformation", "change or alter in form, appearance, or nature", "change in outward structure or looks", "change from one form or medium into another", "convert (one form of energy) to another", "change (a bacter...	[ "change in outward structure or looks" ]	[ "transform%2:30:03::" ]
In what has aptly been called a `` constitutional revolution '', the basic nature of government was transformed from one essentially negative in nature ( the `` night-watchman state '' ) to one with affirmative duties to perform.	perform	{ "name": "perform", "sense_definitions_list": [ "carry out or perform an action", "perform a function", "give a performance (of something)", "get (something) done" ] }	[ "carry out or perform an action" ]	[ "perform%2:36:00::" ]

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