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wikidoc
Affective computing
Affective computing Affective computing is a branch of artificial intelligence that deals with the design of systems and devices which can recognize, interpret, and process emotions. It is an interdisciplinary field spanning computer sciences, psychology, and cognitive science. Affective Computing is also the title of ...
Affective computing Template:Tfd Affective computing is a branch of artificial intelligence that deals with the design of systems and devices which can recognize, interpret, and process emotions. It is an interdisciplinary field spanning computer sciences, psychology, and cognitive science. Affective Computing is also...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Affective_computing
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Afferent arterioles
Afferent arterioles # Overview The afferent arterioles are a group of blood vessels that supply the nephrons in many excretory systems. The afferent arterioles branch from the renal artery which supplies blood to the kidneys. The afferent arterioles later diverge into the capillaries of the glomerulus.
Afferent arterioles Template:Infobox Artery # Overview The afferent arterioles are a group of blood vessels that supply the nephrons in many excretory systems. The afferent arterioles branch from the renal artery which supplies blood to the kidneys. The afferent arterioles later diverge into the capillaries of the gl...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Afferent_arterioles
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Aframomum melegueta
Aframomum melegueta Aframomum melegueta is a species in the ginger family, Zingiberaceae. It is commonly known as Guinea pepper, Melegueta pepper, alligator pepper and Guinea grains. Grains of paradise, a West African spice that gives a pungent, peppery flavor, is obtained from this plant. It is a herbaceous perennial ...
Aframomum melegueta Aframomum melegueta is a species in the ginger family, Zingiberaceae. It is commonly known as Guinea pepper, Melegueta pepper, alligator pepper and Guinea grains. Grains of paradise, a West African spice that gives a pungent, peppery flavor, is obtained from this plant. It is a herbaceous perennial...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Aframomum_melegueta
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African clawed frog
African clawed frog The African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis, also known as platanna) is a species of South African aquatic frog of the genus Xenopus. It is up to 12 cm long with a flattened head and body, but no external ear or tongue. Its name derives from the three short claws on each of its hind feet, which it prob...
African clawed frog The African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis, also known as platanna) is a species of South African aquatic frog of the genus Xenopus. It is up to 12 cm long with a flattened head and body, but no external ear or tongue. Its name derives from the three short claws on each of its hind feet, which it pro...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/African_clawed_frog
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Alpha-galactosidase
Alpha-galactosidase Alpha-galactosidase is a glycoside hydrolase enzyme that hydrolyses the terminal alpha-galactosyl moieties from glycolipids and glycoproteins. It is encoded by the GLA gene. Two recombinant forms of human alpha-galactosidase are called agalsidase alpha (INN) and agalsidase beta (INN). A mold-derive...
Alpha-galactosidase Alpha-galactosidase is a glycoside hydrolase enzyme that hydrolyses the terminal alpha-galactosyl moieties from glycolipids and glycoproteins. It is encoded by the GLA gene.[1] Two recombinant forms of human alpha-galactosidase are called agalsidase alpha (INN) and agalsidase beta (INN). A mold-de...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Agalsidase_alfa
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Congenital disorder
Congenital disorder A congenital disorder is any medical condition that is present at birth. The term congenital does not imply or exclude a genetic cause. A congenital disorder can be recognized before birth (prenatally), at birth, or many years later. Congenital disorders can be a result of genetic abnormalities, the...
Congenital disorder Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] A congenital disorder is any medical condition that is present at birth. The term congenital does not imply or exclude a genetic cause.[1] A congenital disorder can be recognized before birth (prenatally), at birth, or many years later. Congenital ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Agnathia
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Agrimonia eupatoria
Agrimonia eupatoria Agrimonia eupatoria is a species of agrimony that is often referred to as common agrimony, church steeples or sticklewort. The whole plant is dark green with numerous soft hairs. The soft hairs aid in the plant's seed pods sticking to any animal or person coming in contact with the plant. The flowe...
Agrimonia eupatoria Agrimonia eupatoria is a species of agrimony that is often referred to as common agrimony, church steeples or sticklewort. The whole plant is dark green with numerous soft hairs. The soft hairs aid in the plant's seed pods sticking to any animal or person coming in contact with the plant. The flow...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Agrimonia_eupatoria
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Bronchoconstriction
Bronchoconstriction Bronchoconstriction is the constriction of the airways in the lungs due to the tighting of surrounding smooth muscle, with consequent coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Bronchoconstriction can also be due to an accumulation of thick mucus. # Causes The condition has a number of causes, th...
Bronchoconstriction Bronchoconstriction is the constriction of the airways in the lungs due to the tighting of surrounding smooth muscle, with consequent coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Bronchoconstriction can also be due to an accumulation of thick mucus. # Causes The condition has a number of causes, t...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Airway_constriction
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Alcohol equivalence
Alcohol equivalence Alcohol equivalence refers to the fact that United States standard drinks of alcoholic beverages contain equivalent amounts of alcohol, which is 0.6 U.S. fluid ounce (18 ml) each. A standard drink consists of (a) a 12-ounce bottle or can of regular beer (b), a 5-ounce glass of regular (dinner) wine,...
Alcohol equivalence Alcohol equivalence refers to the fact that United States standard drinks of alcoholic beverages contain equivalent amounts of alcohol, which is 0.6 U.S. fluid ounce (18 ml) each. A standard drink consists of (a) a 12-ounce bottle or can of regular beer (b), a 5-ounce glass of regular (dinner) wine...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Alcohol_equivalence
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wikidoc
Alcoholism
Alcoholism overview # Overview Alcoholism is a term with multiple and sometimes conflicting definitions. In common and historic usage, alcoholism refers to any condition that results in the continued consumption of alcoholic beverages despite the health problems and negative social consequences it causes. Medical defi...
Alcoholism overview Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Alcoholism is a term with multiple and sometimes conflicting definitions. In common and historic usage, alcoholism refers to any condition that results in the continued consumption of alcoholic beverages despite the health problems and ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Alcoholism_overview
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Alexander Technique
Alexander Technique The Alexander Technique is a form of education that is applied to recognize and overcome reactive, habitual limitations in movement and thinking. The Alexander Technique is usually learned from individual lessons with a teacher using specialized hand contact and verbal instructions. The Technique is...
Alexander Technique The Alexander Technique is a form of education that is applied to recognize and overcome reactive, habitual limitations in movement and thinking. The Alexander Technique is usually learned from individual lessons with a teacher using specialized hand contact and verbal instructions. The Technique i...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Alexander_Technique
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Aluminium hydroxide
Aluminium hydroxide # Overview Aluminium hydroxide, Al(OH)3, is the most stable form of aluminium in normal conditions. It is found in nature as the mineral gibbsite (also known as hydrargillite). Closely related are aluminium oxide hydroxide, AlO(OH), and aluminium oxide, Al2O3, differing only by loss of water. These...
Aluminium hydroxide Template:Chembox new Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Aluminium hydroxide, Al(OH)3, is the most stable form of aluminium in normal conditions. It is found in nature as the mineral gibbsite (also known as hydrargillite). Closely related are aluminium oxide hydroxide, Al...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Alhydrogel
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Alien hand syndrome
Alien hand syndrome # Overview # Historical Perspective # Classification ## Subtypes There are several distinct subtypes of Alien Hand that appear to be associated with specific types of triggering brain injury. Damage to the corpus callosum can give rise to "purposeful" actions in the sufferer's non-dominant hand ...
Alien hand syndrome Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: # Overview # Historical Perspective # Classification ## Subtypes There are several distinct subtypes of Alien Hand that appear to be associated with specific types of triggering brain injury. Damage to the corpus ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Alien_Hand_Syndrome
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Computed tomography
Computed tomography # Overview Computed tomography (CT) is a medical imaging method employing tomography. Digital geometry processing is used to generate a three-dimensional image of the inside of an object from a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation. The word "tomograph...
Computed tomography Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Assistant Editor-In-Chief: Anand Patel, MD [2] # Overview Computed tomography (CT) is a medical imaging method employing tomography. Digital geometry processing is used to generate a three-dimensional image of the inside of an object from a larg...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Allan_M._Cormack
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Allegheny Chinkapin
Allegheny Chinkapin The Allegheny Chinkapin (American Chinkapin, Dwarf chestnut, Castanea pumila) is a species of chestnut native to the eastern United States from southern New Jersey and Pennsylvania south to central Florida, west to eastern Texas, and north to southern Missouri and Kentucky. The plant's habitat is dr...
Allegheny Chinkapin The Allegheny Chinkapin (American Chinkapin, Dwarf chestnut, Castanea pumila) is a species of chestnut native to the eastern United States from southern New Jersey and Pennsylvania south to central Florida, west to eastern Texas, and north to southern Missouri and Kentucky. The plant's habitat is d...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Allegheny_Chinkapin
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Allerød Oscillation
Allerød Oscillation The "Allerød Chronozone, 11,800 to 11,000 years ago". # Arizona Arizona is located at 34°N 112°W. "The YDB markers, including magnetic grains and microspherules, iridium, soot, and fullerenes with ET helium, are present in the few centimeters just below the black mat at the top of the underlying s...
Allerød Oscillation Editor-In-Chief: Henry A. Hoff The "Allerød Chronozone, 11,800 to 11,000 years ago".[1] # Arizona Arizona is located at 34°N 112°W. "The [Younger Dryas boundary] YDB markers, including magnetic grains and microspherules, iridium, soot, and fullerenes with ET helium, are present in the few centimet...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Aller%C3%B8d_Oscillation
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wikidoc
Allopathic medicine
Allopathic medicine Some medical dictionaries define the term Allopathy or Allopathic medicine as the treatment of disease using conventional evidence-based medical therapies, as opposed to the use of alternative medical or non-conventional therapies. The term allopathic, an adjective, is used in medicine to distinguis...
Allopathic medicine Some medical dictionaries define the term Allopathy or Allopathic medicine as the treatment of disease using conventional evidence-based medical therapies, as opposed to the use of alternative medical or non-conventional therapies.[1][2] The term allopathic, an adjective, is used in medicine to dis...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Allopathic
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Allotransplantation
Allotransplantation # Overview Allotransplantation (allo- from the Greek meaning "other") is the transplantation of cells, tissues, or organs, sourced from a genetically non-identical member of the same species as the recipient.. The transplant is called an allograft or allogeneic transplant or homograft. Most human t...
Allotransplantation # Overview Allotransplantation (allo- from the Greek meaning "other") is the transplantation of cells, tissues, or organs, sourced from a genetically non-identical member of the same species as the recipient.[1]. The transplant is called an allograft or allogeneic transplant or homograft. Most huma...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Allotransplantation
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wikidoc
Androgenic alopecia
Androgenic alopecia Synonyms and keywords:: Androgenetic alopecia, alopecia androgenetica. # Overview Androgenic alopecia (also known as androgenetic alopecia or alopecia androgenetica) is a common form of hair loss in both men and women. In men, this condition is also known as male-pattern baldness. Hair is lost in a...
Androgenic alopecia Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Jesus Rosario Hernandez, M.D. [2] Synonyms and keywords:: Androgenetic alopecia, alopecia androgenetica. # Overview Androgenic alopecia (also known as androgenetic alopecia or alopecia androgenetica) is a common for...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Alopecia_androgenetica
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Alpha 1-antitrypsin
Alpha 1-antitrypsin Alpha 1-Antitrypsin or α1-antitrypsin (A1AT) is a glycoprotein and generally known as serum trypsin inhibitor. The correct name, however, is alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor (A1PI) because it is a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) inhibiting a wide variety of proteases. It protects tissues from enzymes...
Alpha 1-antitrypsin Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [3] Alpha 1-Antitrypsin or α1-antitrypsin (A1AT) is a glycoprotein and generally known as serum trypsin inhibitor. The correct name, however, is alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor (A1PI) because it is a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) inhibiting a wide va...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Alpha-1_Antitrypsin
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Alpha-1 antitrypsin
Alpha-1 antitrypsin Alpha-1-antitrypsin or α1-antitrypsin (A1AT, A1A, or AAT) is a protein belonging to the serpin superfamily. It is encoded in humans by the SERPINA1 gene. A protease inhibitor, it is also known as alpha1–proteinase inhibitor (A1PI) or alpha1-antiproteinase (A1AP) because it inhibits various proteases...
Alpha-1 antitrypsin Alpha-1-antitrypsin or α1-antitrypsin (A1AT, A1A, or AAT) is a protein belonging to the serpin superfamily. It is encoded in humans by the SERPINA1 gene. A protease inhibitor, it is also known as alpha1–proteinase inhibitor (A1PI) or alpha1-antiproteinase (A1AP) because it inhibits various protease...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Alpha-1_antitrypsin
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Alphamethylfentanyl
Alphamethylfentanyl α-methylfentanyl is an opioid analgesic that is an analogue of fentanyl. α-methylfentanyl was invented in 1979 and appeared on the black market under the name "China White". It was first identified in the bodies of two drug overdose victims in Orange County, California, in December 1979, who appeare...
Alphamethylfentanyl α-methylfentanyl is an opioid analgesic that is an analogue of fentanyl. α-methylfentanyl was invented in 1979 and appeared on the black market under the name "China White". It was first identified in the bodies of two drug overdose victims in Orange County, California, in December 1979, who appear...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Alpha-methylfentanyl
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Alpha 2-antiplasmin
Alpha 2-antiplasmin Alpha 2-antiplasmin (or α2-antiplasmin or plasmin inhibitor) is a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) responsible for inactivating plasmin. Plasmin is an important enzyme that participates in fibrinolysis and degradation of various other proteins. This protein is encoded by the SERPINF2 gene. # Rol...
Alpha 2-antiplasmin Alpha 2-antiplasmin (or α2-antiplasmin or plasmin inhibitor) is a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) responsible for inactivating plasmin. Plasmin is an important enzyme that participates in fibrinolysis and degradation of various other proteins. This protein is encoded by the SERPINF2 gene.[1] #...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Alpha_2-antiplasmin
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Heavy chain disease
Heavy chain disease # Overview Heavy chain disease is a form of paraproteinemia with a proliferation of heavy chains. This disease is characterized by an excessive production of immunoglobulin heavy chains that are short and truncated. The amino acid sequence on the amino terminal is completely normal, but there is a ...
Heavy chain disease Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Heavy chain disease is a form of paraproteinemia with a proliferation of heavy chains.[1] This disease is characterized by an excessive production of immunoglobulin heavy chains that are short and truncated. The amino acid sequence on t...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Alpha_Heavy-Chain_Disease
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Alprazolam overdose
Alprazolam overdose # Overdosage topics Manifestations Treatment Flumazenil ## Manifestations Manifestations of Alprazolam overdosage include somnolence, confusion, impaired coordination, diminished reflexes and coma. Death has been reported in association with overdoses of Alprazolam by itself, as it has with other ...
Alprazolam overdose Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overdosage topics Manifestations Treatment Flumazenil ## Manifestations Manifestations of Alprazolam overdosage include somnolence, confusion, impaired coordination, diminished reflexes and coma. Death has been reported in association with over...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Alprazolam_overdose
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wikidoc
Alternative oxidase
Alternative oxidase # Overview The alternative oxidase is an enzyme that forms part of the electron transport chain in plants, as well as some fungi, protists and possibly some animals. Sequences similar to the plant oxidase have also been identified in bacterial genomes. The oxidase provides an alternative route for ...
Alternative oxidase # Overview The alternative oxidase is an enzyme that forms part of the electron transport chain in plants, as well as some fungi, protists and possibly some animals.[1][2] Sequences similar to the plant oxidase have also been identified in bacterial genomes.[3][4] The oxidase provides an alternativ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Alternative_oxidase
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Althaea officinalis
Althaea officinalis Althaea officinalis (Marshmallow, Marsh Mallow, or Common Marshmallow) is a species native to Africa, which is used as a medicinal plant and ornamental plant. # Description The stems, which die down in the autumn, are erect, 3 to 4 feet high, simple, or putting out only a few lateral branches. The ...
Althaea officinalis Althaea officinalis (Marshmallow, Marsh Mallow, or Common Marshmallow) is a species native to Africa, which is used as a medicinal plant and ornamental plant. # Description The stems, which die down in the autumn, are erect, 3 to 4 feet high, simple, or putting out only a few lateral branches. The...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Althaea_officinalis
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Aluminium phosphate
Aluminium phosphate # Overview Aluminium phosphate (AlPO4) is a chemical compound. The anhydrous form is found in nature as the mineral berlinite. Many synthetic forms of anhydrous aluminium phosphate are known. They have framework structures similar to zeolites and some are used as catalysts or molecular sieves. The...
Aluminium phosphate Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Aluminium phosphate (AlPO4) is a chemical compound. The anhydrous form is found in nature as the mineral berlinite. Many synthetic forms[2] of anhydrous aluminium phosphate are known. They have framework structures similar to zeolites ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Aluminium_phosphate
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wikidoc
Amblyomma maculatum
Amblyomma maculatum # Overview Amblyomma maculatum, also known as the Gulf Coast tick, is commonly associated with the transmission of Rickettsia spotted fevers. # General Tick Life Cycle - A tick's life cycle is composed of four stages: hatching (egg), nymph (six legged), nymph (eight legged), and an adult. - Ticks ...
Amblyomma maculatum Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ilan Dock, B.S. # Overview Amblyomma maculatum, also known as the Gulf Coast tick, is commonly associated with the transmission of Rickettsia spotted fevers. # General Tick Life Cycle - A tick's life cycle is compos...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Amblyomma_maculatum
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Amenorrhea
Amenorrhea overview # Overview The first descriptions about disturbances in menstrual cycle are found in Papyrus Ebres , from New Kingdom period (1450-1550 B.C.). Amenorrhea may be classified according to etiology into three subtypes, including primary amenorrhea, secondary amenorrhea, and functional amenorrhea. Prima...
Amenorrhea overview Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2] # Overview The first descriptions about disturbances in menstrual cycle are found in Papyrus Ebres [named after the Egyptologist Georg M. Ebers (1837-1898)], from New Kingdom period (145...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Amenorrhea_overview
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America's Charities
America's Charities America's Charities is a membership-based federation of approximately 180 charities participating in workplace giving campaign in the United States administered through the federal government, state and local government, and private sector corporations. It is based in Chantilly, Virginia. Historical...
America's Charities America's Charities is a membership-based federation of approximately 180 charities participating in workplace giving campaign in the United States administered through the federal government, state and local government, and private sector corporations. It is based in Chantilly, Virginia. Historica...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/America%27s_Charities
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American wire gauge
American wire gauge American wire gauge (AWG), also known as the Brown & Sharpe wire gauge, is a standardized wire gauge system used in the United States and other countries, especially for nonferrous, electrically conducting wire. The steel industry uses a different numbering system for their wire thickness gauges (fo...
American wire gauge American wire gauge (AWG), also known as the Brown & Sharpe wire gauge, is a standardized wire gauge system used in the United States and other countries, especially for nonferrous, electrically conducting wire. The steel industry uses a different numbering system for their wire thickness gauges (f...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/American_wire_gauge
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Indium oxyquinoline
Indium oxyquinoline # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on W...
Indium oxyquinoline Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aparna Vuppala, M.B.B.S. [2] # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Amersham_Indium_(111In)_Oxine
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wikidoc
Aminosalicylic acid
Aminosalicylic acid # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on W...
Aminosalicylic acid Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ammu Susheela, M.D. [2] # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is inten...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Amino_salicylic_acid
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Amiodarone (tablet)
Amiodarone (tablet) # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on W...
Amiodarone (tablet) Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sheng Shi, M.D. [2] # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Amiodarone_(tablet)
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wikidoc
Amlodipine Besylate
Amlodipine Besylate # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on W...
Amlodipine Besylate Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Deepika Beereddy, MBBS [2] # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is in...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Amlodipine_Besylate
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wikidoc
Ammonia (data page)
Ammonia (data page) This page provides supplementary chemical data on ammonia. # Structure and properties # Thermodynamic properties # Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data Table data (above) obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th ed. The (s) notation indicates equilibrium temperature of vapor over solid. ...
Ammonia (data page) This page provides supplementary chemical data on ammonia. # Structure and properties # Thermodynamic properties # Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data Table data (above) obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th ed. The (s) notation indicates equilibrium temperature of vapor over solid....
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Ammonia_(data_page)
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wikidoc
Amyloid arthropathy
Amyloid arthropathy # Overview Amyloidosis is defined as the extracellular deposition of the fibrous protein amyloid in one or more sites in the body. Amyloid protein is not filtered by standard dialysis membranes and tends to accumulate within the musculoskeletal system; therefore, amyloid arthropathy is seen in pati...
Amyloid arthropathy Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Amyloidosis is defined as the extracellular deposition of the fibrous protein amyloid in one or more sites in the body. Amyloid protein is not filtered by standard dialysis membranes and tends to accumulate within the musculoskeletal sy...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Amyloid_arthropathy
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Anaerobic infection
Anaerobic infection # Overview Anaerobic infections are caused by anaerobic bacteria. Anaerobic bacteria do not grow on solid media in room air (0.04% carbon dioxide and 21% oxygen); facultative anaerobic bacteria can grow in the presence as well as in the absence of air. Microaerophilic bacteria do not grow at all ae...
Anaerobic infection Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Anaerobic infections are caused by anaerobic bacteria. Anaerobic bacteria do not grow on solid media in room air (0.04% carbon dioxide and 21% oxygen); facultative anaerobic bacteria can grow in the presence as well as in the absence of...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Anaerobic_infection
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Analytic philosophy
Analytic philosophy Analytic philosophy (sometimes, analytical philosophy) is a generic term for a style of philosophy that came to dominate English-speaking countries in the 20th century. In the United States the overwhelming majority of university philosophy departments self-identify as "analytic" departments. (Thi...
Analytic philosophy Analytic philosophy (sometimes, analytical philosophy) is a generic term for a style of philosophy that came to dominate English-speaking countries in the 20th century. In the United States the overwhelming majority of university philosophy departments self-identify as "analytic" departments.[1] ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Analytic_philosophy
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Small cell lymphoma
Small cell lymphoma Synonyms and keywords: Small cell lymphocytic leukemia; SLL # Overview Small cell lymphoma (also known as SLL) is a type of mature B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia that presents primarily in the lymph nodes. In 1924, small cell lymphoma was first discovered by the American physician Dr. George M...
Small cell lymphoma Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [2] Synonyms and keywords: Small cell lymphocytic leukemia; SLL # Overview Small cell lymphoma (also known as SLL) is a type of mature B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia that present...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Anaplastic_small_cell_lymphoma
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Ancillary statistic
Ancillary statistic # Overview In statistics, an ancillary statistic is a statistic whose probability distribution does not depend on which of the probability distributions among those being considered is the distribution of the statistical population from which the data were taken. This concept was introduced by the...
Ancillary statistic Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview In statistics, an ancillary statistic is a statistic whose probability distribution does not depend on which of the probability distributions among those being considered is the distribution of the statistical population from which the ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Ancillary_statistic
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Dihydrotestosterone
Dihydrotestosterone # Overview Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) (Full name: 5α-Dihydrotestosterone, abbreviating to 5α-DHT; INN: androstanolone) is a biologically active metabolite of the hormone testosterone, formed primarily in the prostate gland, testes, hair follicles, and adrenal glands by the enzyme 5α-reductase by mea...
Dihydrotestosterone Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) (Full name: 5α-Dihydrotestosterone, abbreviating to 5α-DHT; INN: androstanolone) is a biologically active metabolite of the hormone testosterone, formed primarily in the prostate gland, testes, hair follicles, ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Androstanolone
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Prinzmetal's angina
Prinzmetal's angina For main page on Acute coronary syndrome, click here Synonyms and keywords: Variant angina; angina inversa; vasospastic angina # Overview Vasospastic angina was previously referred to as Prinzmetal or variant angina. Vasospastic angina is a syndrome typically consisting of angina (cardiac chest pai...
Prinzmetal's angina For patient information, click here For main page on Acute coronary syndrome, click here Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2],Amandeep Singh M.D.[3] Roukoz A. Karam, M.D.[4] Synonyms and keywords: Variant angina; angina inversa...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Angina_inversa
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Antagonist (muscle)
Antagonist (muscle) # Overview An antagonist is a kind of muscle that acts in opposition to the movement generated by the agonist and is responsible for returning a limb to its initial position. ### Antagonistic pairs Antagonistic muscles are found in pairs called antagonistic pairs. These consist of an extensor musc...
Antagonist (muscle) # Overview An antagonist is a kind of muscle that acts in opposition to the movement generated by the agonist and is responsible for returning a limb to its initial position. ### Antagonistic pairs Antagonistic muscles are found in pairs called antagonistic pairs. These consist of an extensor musc...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Antagonist_(muscle)
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Anterior commissure
Anterior commissure # Overview The Anterior Commissure (precommissure) is a bundle of white fibers, connecting the two cerebral hemispheres across the middle line, and placed in front of the columns of the fornix. On a sagittal section, it is oval in shape, having a long vertical diameter that measures about 5 mm. In ...
Anterior commissure Template:Infobox Brain # Overview The Anterior Commissure (precommissure) is a bundle of white fibers, connecting the two cerebral hemispheres across the middle line, and placed in front of the columns of the fornix. On a sagittal section, it is oval in shape, having a long vertical diameter that ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Anterior_commissure
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Aortic valve repair
Aortic valve repair # Overview Aortic valve repair is a surgical procedure used to correct some aortic valve disorders. It is an alternative to aortic valve replacement. Aortic valve repair is performed less often and is more technically difficult than mitral valve repair. There are two surgical techniques tor repair ...
Aortic valve repair Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2] # Overview Aortic valve repair is a surgical procedure used to correct some aortic valve disorders. It is an alternative to aortic valve replacement. Aortic valve repair is performed less o...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Aortic_valve_repair
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Apocynum cannabinum
Apocynum cannabinum Apocynum cannabinum (Dogbane, Amy Root, Hemp Dogbane, Indian hemp, Rheumatism Root, or Wild Cotton) is a perennial herbaceous plant that grows throughout much of North America, in the southern half of Canada and throughout the United States. It grows up to 2 meters tall. It prefers moist places. It ...
Apocynum cannabinum Apocynum cannabinum (Dogbane, Amy Root, Hemp Dogbane, Indian hemp, Rheumatism Root, or Wild Cotton) is a perennial herbaceous plant that grows throughout much of North America, in the southern half of Canada and throughout the United States. It grows up to 2 meters tall. It prefers moist places. It...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Apocynum_cannabinum
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Applied kinesiology
Applied kinesiology # Overview Applied Kinesiology (AK) is a controversial method of medical diagnosis. It purportedly gives feedback on the functional status of the body. Proponents say that when properly applied, the outcome of an AK test, such as a muscle strength test, will provide for a low risk diagnostic meth...
Applied kinesiology # Overview Applied Kinesiology (AK) is a controversial method of medical diagnosis. It purportedly gives feedback on the functional status of the body. Proponents say that when properly applied, the outcome of an AK test, such as a muscle strength test, will provide for a low risk diagnostic meth...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Applied_Kinesiology
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wikidoc
Applied probability
Applied probability Much research involving probability is done under the auspices of applied probability, the application of probability theory to other scientific and engineering domains. However, while such research is motivated (to some degree) by applied problems, it is usually the mathematical aspects of the pro...
Applied probability Much research involving probability is done under the auspices of applied probability, the application of probability theory to other scientific and engineering domains. However, while such research is motivated (to some degree) by applied problems, it is usually the mathematical aspects of the pr...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Applied_probability
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wikidoc
Aquatic respiration
Aquatic respiration Aquatic respiration is the process whereby an aquatic animal obtains oxygen from water. Earth's natural bodies of water have a low oxygen concentration--much lower than the level of oxygen in air at the earth's surface. Smaller organisms can obtain sufficient oxygen through the skin (e.g. flatworms)...
Aquatic respiration Aquatic respiration is the process whereby an aquatic animal obtains oxygen from water. Earth's natural bodies of water have a low oxygen concentration--much lower than the level of oxygen in air at the earth's surface. Smaller organisms can obtain sufficient oxygen through the skin (e.g. flatworms...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Aquatic_respiration
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wikidoc
Hydrochlorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on W...
Hydrochlorothiazide Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Gerald Chi # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Aquazide_H
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wikidoc
Arkangel (magazine)
Arkangel (magazine) Arkangel is a British-based bi-annual animal liberation magazine, first published in the winter of 1989. The magazine covers global aspects of animal rights and promotes a vegan lifestyle, which includes the use of cruelty-free products. The magazine was founded by Ronnie Lee, the founder of the An...
Arkangel (magazine) Arkangel is a British-based bi-annual animal liberation magazine, first published in the winter of 1989. The magazine covers global aspects of animal rights and promotes a vegan lifestyle, which includes the use of cruelty-free products. The magazine was founded by Ronnie Lee, the founder of the A...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Arkangel_(magazine)
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wikidoc
Aromatase inhibitor
Aromatase inhibitor Aromatase inhibitors (AI) are a class of drugs used in the treatment of breast cancer and ovarian cancer in postmenopausal women that block the aromatase enzyme. # Type I and II AIs are categorized into two types: - Irreversible steroidal inhibitors such as exemestane form a permanent bond with th...
Aromatase inhibitor Aromatase inhibitors (AI) are a class of drugs used in the treatment of breast cancer and ovarian cancer in postmenopausal women that block the aromatase enzyme. # Type I and II AIs are categorized into two types: [1] - Irreversible steroidal inhibitors such as exemestane form a permanent bond wit...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Aromatase_inhibitor
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wikidoc
Arterial thrombosis
Arterial thrombosis # Overview Thrombosis is the formation of a clot or thrombus inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system. Thromboembolism is a general term describing both thrombosis and its main complication which is embolisation. The term was coined in 1848 by Rudolph Carl...
Arterial thrombosis Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vahid Eidkhani, M.D. # Overview Thrombosis is the formation of a clot or thrombus inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system. Thromboembolism is a general term describing both...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Arterial_thrombosis
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wikidoc
Articular processes
Articular processes # Overview The articular processes (zygapophyses) of a vertebra, two superior and two inferior, spring from the junctions of the pedicles and laminæ. - The superior processes project upward from a lower vertebra, and their articular surfaces are directed more or less backward. - The inferior proces...
Articular processes Template:Infobox Bone # Overview The articular processes (zygapophyses) of a vertebra, two superior and two inferior, spring from the junctions of the pedicles and laminæ. - The superior processes project upward from a lower vertebra, and their articular surfaces are directed more or less backward...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Articular_processes
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Artificial pancreas
Artificial pancreas The artificial pancreas is a technology in development to help diabetic persons automatically control their blood glucose level by providing the substitute endocrine functionality of a healthy pancreas. There are several important exocrine (digestive) and endocrine (hormonal) functions of the pancre...
Artificial pancreas The artificial pancreas is a technology in development to help diabetic persons automatically control their blood glucose level by providing the substitute endocrine functionality of a healthy pancreas. There are several important exocrine (digestive) and endocrine (hormonal) functions of the pancr...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Artificial_pancreas
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Arytenoid cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage # Overview The arytenoid cartilages are a pair of small three-sided pyramids which form part of the larynx, to which the vocal cords are attached. Each is pyramidal in form, and has three surfaces, a base, and an apex. ## Surfaces The posterior surface is a triangular, smooth, concave, and gives a...
Arytenoid cartilage Template:Infobox Anatomy # Overview The arytenoid cartilages are a pair of small three-sided pyramids which form part of the larynx, to which the vocal cords are attached. Each is pyramidal in form, and has three surfaces, a base, and an apex. ## Surfaces The posterior surface is a triangular, sm...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Arytenoid
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Asbestosis
Asbestosis overview # Overview Asbestosis is a chronic inflammatory medical condition affecting the parenchymal tissue of the lungs. It occurs after long-term, heavy exposure to asbestos, e.g. in mining, and is therefore regarded as an occupational lung disease. Sufferers have severe dyspnea (shortness of breath) and ...
Asbestosis overview Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kim-Son H. Nguyen, M.D., M.P.A., Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2] # Overview Asbestosis is a chronic inflammatory medical condition affecting the...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Asbestosis_overview
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wikidoc
Ascariasis
Ascariasis overview # Overview Ascariasis is a globally occurring helminthic infection of humans. It is the most common human helminth infection. The transmission of infection is usually from hand to mouth, and humans are the only known host. Ascariasis is more common in tropical areas of the world and predominantly a...
Ascariasis overview Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Fatimo Biobaku M.B.B.S [2] # Overview Ascariasis is a globally occurring helminthic infection of humans.[1] It is the most common human helminth infection.[2] The transmission of infection is usually from hand to mouth...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Ascariasis_overview
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wikidoc
Ascending paralysis
Ascending paralysis # Overview Ascending paralysis refers to a form of paralysis where the presentation appears in the lower limbs before the upper limbs. It can be associated with: - Guillain-Barré syndrome (another name for this condition is "Landry's ascending paralysis") - Tick paralysis It can be contrasted to "d...
Ascending paralysis Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Ascending paralysis refers to a form of paralysis where the presentation appears in the lower limbs before the upper limbs. It can be associated with: - Guillain-Barré syndrome (another name for this condition is "Landry's ascending par...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Ascending_paralysis
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Asystasia gangetica
Asystasia gangetica Asystasia gangetica, a species in the plant family Acanthaceae, occurs throughout the tropics. In some parts of Africa, the leaves are eaten as a vegetable. It is also used as an ornamental plant. It is commonly known as Chinese violet, or by incorrect synonyms Asystasia bojeriana Ness, Asystasia c...
Asystasia gangetica Asystasia gangetica, a species in the plant family Acanthaceae, occurs throughout the tropics. In some parts of Africa, the leaves are eaten as a vegetable. [1] It is also used as an ornamental plant. It is commonly known as Chinese violet, or by incorrect synonyms Asystasia bojeriana Ness, Asystas...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Asystasia_gangetica
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wikidoc
Attachment disorder
Attachment disorder # Overview Attachment disorder is a broad term intended to describe disorders of mood, behavior, and social relationships arising from a failure to form normal attachments to primary care giving figures in early childhood. Such a failure would result from unusual early experiences of neglect, abuse...
Attachment disorder Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [3] # Overview Attachment disorder is a broad term intended to describe disorders of mood, behavior, and social relationships arising from a failure to form normal attachments to primary care giving figures in early childhood. Such a failure would res...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Attachment_disorder
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Attachment measures
Attachment measures Attachment measures refer to the various procedures used to assess attachment in children and adults. Researchers have developed various ways of assessing attachment in children, including the Strange Situation and story-based approaches such as Attachment Story Completion Test. These methods allow ...
Attachment measures Attachment measures refer to the various procedures used to assess attachment in children and adults. Researchers have developed various ways of assessing attachment in children, including the Strange Situation and story-based approaches such as Attachment Story Completion Test. These methods allow...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Attachment_measures
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wikidoc
Atypical depression
Atypical depression # Overview Atypical Depression (AD) is a subtype of Dysthymia and Major Depression characterized by mood reactivity — being able to experience improved mood in response to positive events. In contrast, sufferers of "melancholic" depression generally cannot experience positive moods, even when goo...
Atypical depression Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Atypical Depression (AD) is a subtype of Dysthymia and Major Depression characterized by mood reactivity — being able to experience improved mood in response to positive events. In contrast, sufferers of "melancholic" depression gener...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Atypical_depression
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Reactive lymphocyte
Reactive lymphocyte # Overview Reactive lymphocytes are lymphocytes that become large as a result of antigen stimulation. Typically they can be more than 30 µm in diameter with varying size and shape. The nucleus of a reactive lymphocyte can be round, elliptic, indented, cleft or folded. The cytoplasm is often abundan...
Reactive lymphocyte Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Reactive lymphocytes are lymphocytes that become large as a result of antigen stimulation. Typically they can be more than 30 µm in diameter with varying size and shape. The nucleus of a reactive lymphocyte can be round, elliptic, inden...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Atypical_lymphocyte
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Auditory neuropathy
Auditory neuropathy Auditory neuropathy is a variety of hearing loss in which the outer hair cells within the cochlea are present and functional, but sound information is not faithfully transmitted to the auditory nerve and brain properly. A neuropathy simply refers to a disease of the peripheral nerve or nerves. # "H...
Auditory neuropathy Auditory neuropathy is a variety of hearing loss in which the outer hair cells within the cochlea are present and functional, but sound information is not faithfully transmitted to the auditory nerve and brain properly. A neuropathy simply refers to a disease of the peripheral nerve or nerves. # "...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Auditory_neuropathy
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wikidoc
Austin Flint murmur
Austin Flint murmur # Overview In cardiology, an Austin Flint murmur is a low-pitched, mid to late diastolic rumbling murmur which is best heard at the cardiac apex. It is associated with severe aortic regurgitation. # Mechanism Echocardiography, conventional and colour flow doppler ultrasound, and cine nuclear magn...
Austin Flint murmur Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview In cardiology, an Austin Flint murmur is a low-pitched, mid to late diastolic rumbling murmur which is best heard at the cardiac apex. It is associated with severe aortic regurgitation. # Mechanism Echocardiography, conventional and c...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Austin_Flint_murmur
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wikidoc
Limbic encephalitis
Limbic encephalitis # Overview Limbic encephalitis is a form of encephalitis. In a small number of cases, the pathogens responsible for encephalitis attack primarily the limbic system (a collection of structures at the base of the brain responsible for basic autonomic functions), often causing memory deficits similar ...
Limbic encephalitis Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Limbic encephalitis is a form of encephalitis. In a small number of cases, the pathogens responsible for encephalitis attack primarily the limbic system (a collection of structures at the base of the brain responsible for basic autonomi...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Autoimmune_limbic_encephalitis
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wikidoc
Autonomic Computing
Autonomic Computing Autonomic Computing is an initiative started by IBM in 2001. Its ultimate aim is to create self-managing computer systems to overcome their rapidly growing complexity and to enable their further growth. # The problem of growing complexity Self-management means different things in different fields: ...
Autonomic Computing Autonomic Computing is an initiative started by IBM in 2001. Its ultimate aim is to create self-managing computer systems to overcome their rapidly growing complexity and to enable their further growth. # The problem of growing complexity Self-management means different things in different fields:...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Autonomic_Computing
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wikidoc
Autosomal recessive
Autosomal recessive # Overview In genetics, a dominance relationship refers to how the alleles for a locus interact to produce a phenotype. There are three main kinds of dominance relationships: - Simple dominance or complete dominance (simple Mendelian inheritance) over a recessive trait - Incomplete dominance - Codo...
Autosomal recessive # Overview In genetics, a dominance relationship refers to how the alleles for a locus interact to produce a phenotype. There are three main kinds of dominance relationships: - Simple dominance or complete dominance (simple Mendelian inheritance) over a recessive trait - Incomplete dominance - Codo...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Autosomal_recessive
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wikidoc
Azaspirodecanedione
Azaspirodecanedione Azaspirodecanediones are a class of drugs with anxiolytic effects used in the treatment of anxiety. Azaspirodecanediones have fewer side effects than some other common antianxiety drugs such as benzodiazepines. Unlike benzodiazepines, azaspirodecanediones are not addictive and do not induce toleran...
Azaspirodecanedione Azaspirodecanediones are a class of drugs with anxiolytic effects used in the treatment of anxiety. Azaspirodecanediones have fewer side effects than some other common antianxiety drugs such as benzodiazepines. Unlike benzodiazepines, azaspirodecanediones are not addictive and do not induce tolera...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Azaspirodecanedione
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wikidoc
Azithromycin (oral)
Azithromycin (oral) # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on W...
Azithromycin (oral) Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vignesh Ponnusamy, M.B.B.S. [2] # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Azithromycin_(oral)
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Renal insufficiency
Renal insufficiency Synonyms and keywords: Renal failure; azotemia; kidney failure; kidney insufficiency; renal disease; kidney injury; renal injury For more detailed information please see the chapters on acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. This page is simply an overview of these disease states. # Overv...
Renal insufficiency Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Synonyms and keywords: Renal failure; azotemia; kidney failure; kidney insufficiency; renal disease; kidney injury; renal injury For more detailed information please see the chapters on acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. This page is ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Azotemia_renal
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Bundle branch block
Bundle branch block Synonyms and keywords: BBB For detailed medical information on Left Bundle Branch Block click here. For detailed medical information on Right Bundle Branch Block click here. # Overview A bundle branch block refers to a defect of the heart's electrical conduction system below the level of the AV nod...
Bundle branch block Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. [2] Synonyms and keywords: BBB For detailed medical information on Left Bundle Branch Block click here. For detailed medical information on Right Bundle Branch Block click here. # Overview A b...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/BBB
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wikidoc
Biophysical profile
Biophysical profile # Overview A biophysical profile is a prenatal ultrasound evaluation of fetal wellbeing, involving a scoring system. # Components - The biophysical profile (BPP) has 5 components: 4 ultrasound (US) assessments and a nonstress test (NST). - The US assessments are: - amniotic fluid volume, - fetal t...
Biophysical profile Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview A biophysical profile is a prenatal ultrasound evaluation of fetal wellbeing, involving a scoring system. # Components - The biophysical profile (BPP) has 5 components: 4 ultrasound (US) assessments and a nonstress test (NST). - The US...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/BPP
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wikidoc
Blood urea nitrogen
Blood urea nitrogen # Overview The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test is a measure of the amount of nitrogen in the blood that comes from urea. Urea is a substance secreted by the liver, and removed from the blood by the kidneys. # Physiology The liver produces urea in the urea cycle as a waste product of the digestion ...
Blood urea nitrogen Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test is a measure of the amount of nitrogen in the blood that comes from urea. Urea is a substance secreted by the liver, and removed from the blood by the kidneys. # Physiology The liver produces urea in...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/BUN
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Babesiosis
Babesiosis overview # Overview Babesiosis is caused by apicomplexan parasitic organism within the genus Babesia. B. Microti and B. divergens are the two species of Babesia that have been frequently reported as parasitic within human populations. Babesia parasites reproduce in red blood cells, where they can be seen as...
Babesiosis overview Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ilan Dock, B.S. # Overview Babesiosis is caused by apicomplexan parasitic organism within the genus Babesia. B. Microti and B. divergens are the two species of Babesia that have been frequently reported as parasitic wi...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Babesiosis_overview
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Bacterial oxidation
Bacterial oxidation Bacterial oxidation is a bio-hydrometallurgical process developed for pre-cyanidation treatment of refractory gold ores or concentrates. The bacterial culture is a mixed culture of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Thiobacillus thiooxidans and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans. The bacterial oxidation process ...
Bacterial oxidation Bacterial oxidation is a bio-hydrometallurgical process developed for pre-cyanidation treatment of refractory gold ores or concentrates. The bacterial culture is a mixed culture of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Thiobacillus thiooxidans and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans. The bacterial oxidation process...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bacterial_oxidation
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Bado Classification
Bado Classification # Overview In 1803, Giovanni Battista Monteggia, an Italian surgeon, describe the Monteggia fracture as: a fracture of the proximal third of the ulna with the dislocation of the head of radius. In 1967, Jose Luis Bado, used the "Monteggia lesion" terminology and classified this injury into the four...
Bado Classification Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohammadmain Rezazadehsaatlou[2]. # Overview[1][2] In 1803, Giovanni Battista Monteggia, an Italian surgeon, describe the Monteggia fracture as: a fracture of the proximal third of the ulna with the dislocation of th...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bado_Classification
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Balancing selection
Balancing selection Balancing selection refers to forms of natural selection which work to maintain genetic polymorphisms (or multiple alleles) within a population. Balancing selection is in contrast to directional selection which favor a single allele. A balanced polymorphism is a situation in which balancing selec...
Balancing selection Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Balancing selection refers to forms of natural selection which work to maintain genetic polymorphisms (or multiple alleles) within a population. Balancing selection is in contrast to directional selection which favor a single allele. A balanced ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Balanced_polymorphism
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Baldness treatments
Baldness treatments More than half of men are affected by male pattern baldness by age 50, and baldness treatments are estimated to be a US $1 billion per year industry. Since the 1980s, drug therapy has increasingly become a realistic management option for baldness for men and women. Increased understanding of the r...
Baldness treatments Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] More than half of men are affected by male pattern baldness by age 50, and baldness treatments are estimated to be a US $1 billion per year industry.[1] Since the 1980s, drug therapy has increasingly become a realistic management option for baldne...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Baldness_treatments
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Barley yellow dwarf
Barley yellow dwarf Barley yellow dwarf is a plant disease caused by the barley yellow dwarf virus, and is the most widely distributed viral disease of cereals. It affects the economically important crop species barley, oats, wheat, maize, triticale and rice. # Biology Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) is a single-stra...
Barley yellow dwarf Template:Taxobox begin Template:Taxobox begin placement virus Template:Taxobox group iv entry Template:Taxobox familia entry Template:Taxobox genus entry Template:Taxobox species entry Template:Taxobox end placement Template:Taxobox end Barley yellow dwarf is a plant disease caused by the barley ye...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Barley_yellow_dwarf
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Barotrauma
Barotrauma overview # Overview Barotrauma is physical damage to body tissues caused by a difference in pressure between an air space inside or beside the body and the surrounding gas or liquid. Barotrauma typically occurs to air spaces within a body when that body moves to or from a higher pressure environment, such a...
Barotrauma overview Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Barotrauma is physical damage to body tissues caused by a difference in pressure between an air space inside or beside the body and the surrounding gas or liquid. Barotrauma typically occurs to air spaces within a body when that body mo...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Barotrauma_overview
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Bartonella henselae
Bartonella henselae # Overview Bartonella henselae is a proteobacterium that can cause bacteremia, endocarditis, bacillary angiomatosis, and peliosis hepatis. It is also the causative agent of cat-scratch disease (Bartonellosis) which, as the name suggests, occurs after a cat bite or scratch. The disease is character...
Bartonella henselae Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Bartonella henselae is a proteobacterium that can cause bacteremia, endocarditis, bacillary angiomatosis, and peliosis hepatis. It is also the causative agent of cat-scratch disease (Bartonellosis) which, as the name suggests, occurs a...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bartonella_henselae
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Bartonella quintana
Bartonella quintana # Overview Bartonella quintana, also known as Rochalimaea quintana, is a microorganism that is transmitted by the human body louse. This microorganism is trench fever's etiologic agent. This bacteria resulted in about 1 million soldiers in Europe during World War I being infected with Trench Fever....
Bartonella quintana Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Bartonella quintana, also known as Rochalimaea quintana,[1] is a microorganism that is transmitted by the human body louse.[2] This microorganism is trench fever's etiologic agent.[2] This bacteria resulted in about 1 million soldiers i...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bartonella_quintana
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wikidoc
Basivertebral veins
Basivertebral veins The basivertebral veins emerge from the foramina on the posterior surfaces of the vertebral bodies. They are contained in large, tortuous channels in the substance of the bones, similar in every respect to those found in the diploë of the cranial bones. They communicate through small openings on the...
Basivertebral veins Template:Infobox Vein Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] The basivertebral veins emerge from the foramina on the posterior surfaces of the vertebral bodies. They are contained in large, tortuous channels in the substance of the bones, similar in every respect to those found in the d...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Basivertebral
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Bathybius haeckelii
Bathybius haeckelii # Overview Bathybius haeckeli was a substance that British biologist Thomas Henry Huxley discovered and initially believed to be a form of primordial matter, a source of all organic life. He later admitted his mistake when it proved to be just the product of a chemical process. In 1868 Huxley stud...
Bathybius haeckelii Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Bathybius haeckeli was a substance that British biologist Thomas Henry Huxley discovered and initially believed to be a form of primordial matter, a source of all organic life. He later admitted his mistake when it proved to be just th...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bathybius_haeckeli
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Bedwetting
Bedwetting overview # Overview Bedwetting is involuntary urination while asleep after the age at which bladder control would normally be anticipated. # Epidemiology and Demographics Bedwetting is the most common childhood urologic complaint and one of the most common pediatric-health issues.Most bedwetting, however,...
Bedwetting overview Editor(s)-in-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S.,M.D. [1] Phone:617-632-7753; Steven C. Campbell, M.D., Ph.D., [2] Phone:216-444-5595 Professor of Surgery, Residency Program Director, Section of Urologic Oncology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic. # Overview Bedwetting is invo...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bedwetting_overview
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Normal distribution
Normal distribution The normal distribution, also called the Gaussian distribution, is an important family of continuous probability distributions, applicable in many fields. Each member of the family may be defined by two parameters, location and scale: the mean ("average", μ) and variance (standard deviation squared)...
Normal distribution Template:Probability distribution\; \exp\left(-\frac{\left(x-\mu\right)^2}{2\sigma^2} \right) \!</math>| Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] The normal distribution, also called the Gaussian distribution, is an important family of continuous probability distributions, applicable in m...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bell_curve
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Bence Jones protein
Bence Jones protein # Overview A Bence Jones protein is a monoclonal globulin protein found in the blood or urine. The isolated finding of a Bence Jones protein is known as monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance. Finding this protein in the context of end-organ manifestations such as renal failure, lytic bo...
Bence Jones protein Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview A Bence Jones protein is a monoclonal globulin protein found in the blood or urine. The isolated finding of a Bence Jones protein is known as monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance. Finding this protein in the context of end-...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bence-Jones
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wikidoc
Bergman cyclization
Bergman cyclization The Bergman cyclization or Bergman reaction or Bergman cycloaromatization is an organic reaction and more specifically a rearrangement reaction taking place when an enyne is heated in presence of a suitable hydrogen donor (Scheme 1) . It is named for the American chemist Robert George Bergman (b. 19...
Bergman cyclization The Bergman cyclization or Bergman reaction or Bergman cycloaromatization is an organic reaction and more specifically a rearrangement reaction taking place when an enyne is heated in presence of a suitable hydrogen donor (Scheme 1) [1]. It is named for the American chemist Robert George Bergman (b...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bergman_cyclization
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Beta-binomial model
Beta-binomial model # Overview In empirical Bayes methods, the Beta-binomial model is an analytic model where the likelihood function L(x|\theta) is specifed by a binomial distribution and the conjugate prior \pi(\theta|\alpha,\beta) is a Beta distribution ## Derivation of the posterior and the marginal It is conveni...
Beta-binomial model Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview In empirical Bayes methods, the Beta-binomial model is an analytic model where the likelihood function <math>L(x|\theta)</math> is specifed by a binomial distribution and the conjugate prior <math>\pi(\theta|\alpha,\beta)</math> is a Be...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Beta-binomial_model
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Betahydroxyfentanyl
Betahydroxyfentanyl β-hydroxyfentanyl is an opioid analgesic that is an analogue of fentanyl. β-hydroxyfentanyl was sold briefly on the black market in the early 1980s, before the introduction of the Federal Analog Act which for the first time attempted to control entire families of drugs based on their structural simi...
Betahydroxyfentanyl β-hydroxyfentanyl is an opioid analgesic that is an analogue of fentanyl. β-hydroxyfentanyl was sold briefly on the black market in the early 1980s, before the introduction of the Federal Analog Act which for the first time attempted to control entire families of drugs based on their structural sim...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Betahydroxyfentanyl
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Bevacizumab sandbox
Bevacizumab sandbox # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on W...
Bevacizumab sandbox Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sheng Shi, M.D. [2] # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bevacizumab_sandbox
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Binasal hemianopsia
Binasal hemianopsia # Overview Binasal hemianopsia (or Binasal hemianopia) is the medical description of a type of partial blindness where vision is missing in the inner half of both the right and left visual field. It is associated with certain lesions of the eye and of the central nervous system, such as congenital ...
Binasal hemianopsia Template:DiseaseDisorder infobox # Overview Binasal hemianopsia (or Binasal hemianopia) is the medical description of a type of partial blindness where vision is missing in the inner half of both the right and left visual field. It is associated with certain lesions of the eye and of the central n...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Binasal_hemianopsia
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Bioelectromagnetics
Bioelectromagnetics Bioelectromagnetics is the study of how electromagnetic fields interact with and influence biological processes; almost the same as radiobiology of non-ionizing radiation. Common areas of investigation include the mechanism of animal migration and navigation using the geomagnetic field, studying the...
Bioelectromagnetics Editor-in-Chief: Robert G. Schwartz, M.D. [1], Piedmont Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, P.A.; Associate Editor-In-Chief: [2]Austin Schwartz, Department of Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida Bioelectromagnetics is the study of how electromagnetic fields interact with an...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bioelectromagnetic
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Bioelectromagnetism
Bioelectromagnetism Bioelectromagnetism (sometimes equated with bioelectricity) refers to the electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic fields produced by living cells, tissues or organisms. Examples include the cell potential of cell membranes and the electric currents that flow in nerves and muscles, as a result of ac...
Bioelectromagnetism Editor-in-Chief: Robert G. Schwartz, M.D. [1], Piedmont Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, P.A.; Associate Editor-In-Chief: [2]Austin Schwartz, Department of Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida Bioelectromagnetism (sometimes equated with bioelectricity) refers to the elect...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bioelectromagnetism
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Biological membrane
Biological membrane A biological membrane or biomembrane is an enclosing or separating tissue which acts as a barrier within or around a cell. It is, almost invariably, a lipid bilayer, composed of a double layer of lipid-class molecules, specifically phospholipids, with occasional proteins intertwined, some of which ...
Biological membrane A biological membrane or biomembrane is an enclosing or separating tissue which acts as a barrier within or around a cell. It is, almost invariably, a lipid bilayer, composed of a double layer of lipid-class molecules, specifically phospholipids, with occasional proteins intertwined, some of which...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Biological_membrane
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Biomedical research
Biomedical research Biomedical research (or experimental medicine), in general simply known as medical research, is the basic research or applied research conducted to aid the body of knowledge in the field of medicine. Medical research can be divided into two general categories: the evaluation of new treatments for bo...
Biomedical research Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Biomedical research (or experimental medicine), in general simply known as medical research, is the basic research or applied research conducted to aid the body of knowledge in the field of medicine. Medical research can be divided into two general...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Biomedical_research