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wikidoc
Nurse anesthetist
Nurse anesthetist A nurse anesthetist (AE) is a registered nurse and advanced practice nurse who has acquired additional education and training to administer anesthesia. The title, Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA), reflects the nurse's qualifications and abilities. # Education In the United States, educat...
Nurse anesthetist A nurse anesthetist (AE) is a registered nurse and advanced practice nurse who has acquired additional education and training to administer anesthesia. The title, Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA), reflects the nurse's qualifications and abilities. # Education In the United States, educa...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Anesthetist
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Aneurysm
Aneurysm overview # Overview An aneurysm (or aneurism) is a localized, blood-filled dilation (bulge) of a blood vessel caused by disease or weakening of the vessel wall. Aneurysms most commonly occur in arteries at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis) and in the aorta (the main artery coming out of the heart),...
Aneurysm overview Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview An aneurysm (or aneurism) is a localized, blood-filled dilation (bulge) of a blood vessel caused by disease or weakening of the vessel wall.[1] Aneurysms most commonly occur in arteries at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis) and ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Aneurysm_overview
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Angelica sinensis
Angelica sinensis Angelica sinensis, commonly known as "dong quai" or "female ginseng" is a herb from the family Apiaceae, indigenous to China. Its drying root is commonly known in Chinese as Radix Angelicae Sinensis, or Chinese angelica (Template:Zh-tsp) and is widely used in Chinese traditional medicine to treat gyne...
Angelica sinensis Angelica sinensis, commonly known as "dong quai" or "female ginseng" is a herb from the family Apiaceae, indigenous to China. Its drying root is commonly known in Chinese as Radix Angelicae Sinensis, or Chinese angelica (Template:Zh-tsp) and is widely used in Chinese traditional medicine to treat gyn...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Angelica_sinensis
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wikidoc
Angelman syndrome
Angelman syndrome # Overview Angelman syndrome, formerly known as "happy puppet syndrome", is a genetic disorder characterized by intelectual and development delay, seizures, puppet-like movement, unprovoked laughter/smiling, and excessive socialization with strangers. # Historical Perspective - Angelman syndrome was...
Angelman syndrome Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Moises Romo, M.D. # Overview Angelman syndrome, formerly known as "happy puppet syndrome", is a genetic disorder characterized by intelectual and development delay, seizures, puppet-like movement, unprovoked laughter/s...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Angelman%27s_syndrome
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Angular cheilitis
Angular cheilitis # Overview Angular cheilitis (also called perlèche, cheilosis, or angular stomatitis) is an inflammatory lesion at the labial commissure or corner of the mouth and often occurs bilaterally. The condition manifests as deep cracks or splits. In severe cases, the splits can bleed when the mouth is opene...
Angular cheilitis Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aakash Hans, MD[2] # Overview Angular cheilitis (also called perlèche, cheilosis, or angular stomatitis) is an inflammatory lesion at the labial commissure or corner of the mouth and often occurs bilaterally. The condi...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Angular_cheilitis
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Angulated lesions
Angulated lesions # Angulated Lesions - Balloon angioplasty of highly angulated lesions is associated with an increased for risk coronary dissection. - In the settings of coronary stenting, angulated lesions represent a challenge due to the inability of delivering the stent to the stenosis and straightening of the art...
Angulated lesions Editors-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.D., Alexandra Almonacid M.D., and Jeffrey J. Popma M.D. # Angulated Lesions - Balloon angioplasty of highly angulated lesions is associated with an increased for risk coronary dissection. - In the settings of coronary stenting, angulated lesions represent a cha...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Angulated_and_Tortuous
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Kingdom (biology)
Kingdom (biology) # Overview From biological taxonomy, a kingdom or regnum is a taxonomic rank in either (historically) the highest rank, or (in the new three-domain system) the rank below domain. Each kingdom is divided into smaller groups called phyla (or in some contexts these are called "divisions"). Currently, t...
Kingdom (biology) # Overview From biological taxonomy, a kingdom or regnum is a taxonomic rank in either (historically) the highest rank, or (in the new three-domain system) the rank below domain. Each kingdom is divided into smaller groups called phyla (or in some contexts these are called "divisions"). Currently, t...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Animal_kingdom
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Animal locomotion
Animal locomotion In biomechanics, animal locomotion is the study of how animals move. Not all animals move, but locomotive ability is widespread throughout the animal kingdom. As all animals are heterotrophs, they must obtain food from their environment. Some animals such as sponges are sessile, and move the fluid in...
Animal locomotion In biomechanics, animal locomotion is the study of how animals move. Not all animals move, but locomotive ability is widespread throughout the animal kingdom. As all animals are heterotrophs, they must obtain food from their environment. Some animals such as sponges are sessile, and move the fluid i...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Animal_locomotion
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Animal morphology
Animal morphology Comparative anatomy is the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of organisms. It is closely related to evolutionary biology and phylogeny (the evolution of species). # Description Two major concepts of comparative anatomy are: - Homologous structures - structures (body parts/anatomy)...
Animal morphology Comparative anatomy is the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of organisms. It is closely related to evolutionary biology and phylogeny (the evolution of species). # Description Two major concepts of comparative anatomy are: - Homologous structures - structures (body parts/anatomy...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Animal_morphology
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Animal physiology
Animal physiology Physiology has traditionally been divided into plant physiology and animal physiology but the principles of physiology are universal, no matter what particular organism is being studied. For example, what is learned about the physiology of yeast cells can also apply to human cells. # Physiology Physi...
Animal physiology Editor-In-Chief: Henry A. Hoff Physiology has traditionally been divided into plant physiology and animal physiology but the principles of physiology are universal, no matter what particular organism is being studied. For example, what is learned about the physiology of yeast cells can also apply to ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Animal_physiology
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Ann Arbor staging
Ann Arbor staging # Overview Ann Arbor staging is the staging system for lymphomas, both in Hodgkin's lymphoma (previously called Hodgkin's Disease) and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (abbreviated NHL). It was initially developed for Hodgkin's, but has some use in NHL. It has roughly the same function as TNM staging in solid tu...
Ann Arbor staging Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Ann Arbor staging is the staging system for lymphomas, both in Hodgkin's lymphoma (previously called Hodgkin's Disease) and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (abbreviated NHL). It was initially developed for Hodgkin's, but has some use in NHL. It has ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Ann_Arbor_Staging
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Hypoxia (medical)
Hypoxia (medical) Hypoxia is a pathological condition in which the body as a whole (generalised hypoxia) or region of the body (tissue hypoxia) is deprived of adequate oxygen supply. Hypoxia in which there is complete deprivation of oxygen supply, is referred to as anoxia. Hypoxia is distinguished from apoxemia. Apoxem...
Hypoxia (medical) Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Hypoxia is a pathological condition in which the body as a whole (generalised hypoxia) or region of the body (tissue hypoxia) is deprived of adequate oxygen supply. Hypoxia in which there is complete deprivation of oxygen supply, is referred to as an...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Anoxemia
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Antenna (biology)
Antenna (biology) Antennae (singular antenna) are paired appendages connected to the front-most segments of arthropods. In crustaceans, they are biramous and present on the first two segments of the head, with the smaller pair known as antennules. All other arthropod groups, except chelicerates and proturans which have...
Antenna (biology) Template:Otheruses3 Antennae (singular antenna) are paired appendages connected to the front-most segments of arthropods. In crustaceans, they are biramous and present on the first two segments of the head, with the smaller pair known as antennules. All other arthropod groups, except chelicerates and...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Antenna_(biology)
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Anti-obesity drug
Anti-obesity drug Anti-obesity drugs include all pharmacological treatments intended to reduce or control weight. Because these drugs are intended to alter one of the fundamental processes of the human body, anti-obesity drugs are medically prescribed only in cases of morbid obesity, where weight loss is life-saving. ...
Anti-obesity drug Anti-obesity drugs include all pharmacological treatments intended to reduce or control weight. Because these drugs are intended to alter one of the fundamental processes of the human body, anti-obesity drugs are medically prescribed only in cases of morbid obesity, where weight loss is life-saving....
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Anti-obesity_drug
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Antiplatelet drug
Antiplatelet drug # Overview An antiplatelet drug is a member of a class of pharmaceuticals that decreases platelet aggregation and inhibits thrombus formation. They are effective in the arterial circulation, where anticoagulants have little effect. They are widely used in primary and secondary prevention of thromboti...
Antiplatelet drug Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview An antiplatelet drug is a member of a class of pharmaceuticals that decreases platelet aggregation and inhibits thrombus formation. They are effective in the arterial circulation, where anticoagulants have little effect. They are widely u...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Anti-platelet
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Molecular mimicry
Molecular mimicry Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient enough to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be ...
Molecular mimicry Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient enough to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Antigenic_mimicry
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Antimalarial drug
Antimalarial drug # Overview Antimalarial drugs are designed to prevent or cure malaria. Some antimalarial agents, particularly chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, are also used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and lupus associated arthritis. There are many of these drugs currently on the market. Quinine is th...
Antimalarial drug # Overview Antimalarial drugs are designed to prevent or cure malaria. Some antimalarial agents, particularly chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, are also used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and lupus associated arthritis. There are many of these drugs currently on the market. Quinine is th...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Antimalarial
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Mitotic inhibitor
Mitotic inhibitor A mitotic inhibitor is a type of drug derived from natural substances such as plant alkaloids and primarily used in cancer treatment and certain types of cancer research including cytogenetics. Cancer cells are able to grow and eventually metastasize through continuous mitotic division. Generally spea...
Mitotic inhibitor A mitotic inhibitor is a type of drug derived from natural substances such as plant alkaloids and primarily used in cancer treatment and certain types of cancer research including cytogenetics.[1] Cancer cells are able to grow and eventually metastasize through continuous mitotic division. Generally ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Antimitotic_agents
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Antisense therapy
Antisense therapy Antisense therapy is a form of treatment for genetic disorders or infections. When the genetic sequence of a particular gene is known to be causative of a particular disease, it is possible to synthesize a strand of nucleic acid (DNA, RNA or a chemical analogue) that will bind to the messenger RNA (mR...
Antisense therapy Antisense therapy is a form of treatment for genetic disorders or infections. When the genetic sequence of a particular gene is known to be causative of a particular disease, it is possible to synthesize a strand of nucleic acid (DNA, RNA or a chemical analogue) that will bind to the messenger RNA (m...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Antisense_therapy
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Antiviral Therapy
Antiviral Therapy Antiviral Therapy is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by International Medical Press, London, UK (a subsidiary of MediTech Media). It is an official publication of the International Society for Antiviral Research. Antiviral Therapy publishes primary papers and reviews on all aspects of the c...
Antiviral Therapy Template:Otheruses4 Template:Infobox Journal Antiviral Therapy is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by International Medical Press, London, UK (a subsidiary of MediTech Media). It is an official publication of the International Society for Antiviral Research. Antiviral Therapy publishes prim...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Antiviral_Therapy
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Aortic valve area
Aortic valve area # Overview The aortic valve area is the size of the orifice for blood to flow from the left ventricle to the aorta. The aortic valve area is reduced in aortic stenosis, and the aortic valve area is the metric that is used to gauge the need for aortic valve replacement surgery. The pressure gradient...
Aortic valve area Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S. [2]; Usama Talib, BSc, MD [3] # Overview The aortic valve area is the size of the orifice for blood to flow from the left ventricle to the aorta. The aortic valve area is reduced in ao...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Aortic_valve_area
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Aortitis
Aortitis overview # Overview Aortitis is the inflammation of the aortic wall. The disorder is rare, but potentially life-threatening. Aortitis may occur at any age. Aortitis is classified according to the cause into 2 groups: inflammatory and infectious. Life threatening causes of aortitis include bacteremia and my...
Aortitis overview Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maliha Shakil, M.D. [3] # Overview Aortitis is the inflammation of the aortic wall. The disorder is rare, but potentially life-threatening. Aortitis may occur at any age. Aortitis is classified according to the cause...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Aortitis_overview
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wikidoc
Apex of the heart
Apex of the heart # Overview The apex of the heart is the lowest superficial part of the heart. It is directed downward, forward, and to the left, and is overlapped by the left lung and pleura. # External anatomy It lies behind the fifth left intercostal space, 8 to 9 cm. from the mid-sternal line, slightly medial to...
Apex of the heart Template:Infobox Anatomy Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview The apex of the heart is the lowest superficial part of the heart. It is directed downward, forward, and to the left, and is overlapped by the left lung and pleura. # External anatomy It lies behind the fifth lef...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Apex_cordis
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Insulin glulisine
Insulin glulisine # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on Wik...
Insulin glulisine Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vignesh Ponnusamy, M.B.B.S. [2] # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Apidra
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Apolipoprotein A1
Apolipoprotein A1 Apolipoprotein A1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOA1 gene. It has a specific role in lipid metabolism. The text in a recent report suggested that APOA1 mRNA is regulated by endogenously expressed antisense RNA. # Structure The APOA1 gene is located on the 11th chromosome, with its sp...
Apolipoprotein A1 Apolipoprotein A1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOA1 gene.[1][2] It has a specific role in lipid metabolism. The text in a recent report suggested that APOA1 mRNA is regulated by endogenously expressed antisense RNA.[3] # Structure The APOA1 gene is located on the 11th chromosome, w...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/ApoA-1
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Apolipoprotein C2
Apolipoprotein C2 Apolipoprotein C2 or apolipoprotein C-II is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOC2 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is secreted in plasma where it is a component of very low density lipoproteins and chylomicrons. This protein activates the enzyme lipoprotein lipase in capillaries, whic...
Apolipoprotein C2 Apolipoprotein C2 or apolipoprotein C-II is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOC2 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is secreted in plasma where it is a component of very low density lipoproteins and chylomicrons. This protein activates the enzyme lipoprotein lipase in capillaries,[1] ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/ApoCII
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Apolipoprotein C3
Apolipoprotein C3 Apolipoprotein C-III also known as apo-CIII is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOC3 gene. Apo-CIII is secreted by the liver as well as the small intestine, and is found on triglyceride-rich lipoproteins such as chylomicrons, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), and remnant cholesterol., #...
Apolipoprotein C3 Apolipoprotein C-III also known as apo-CIII is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOC3 gene. Apo-CIII is secreted by the liver as well as the small intestine, and is found on triglyceride-rich lipoproteins such as chylomicrons, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), and remnant cholesterol.,[1...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/ApoCIII
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Apolipoprotein C1
Apolipoprotein C1 Apolipoprotein C-I is a protein component of lipoproteins that in humans is encoded by the APOC1 gene. # Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the apolipoprotein C family. This gene is expressed primarily in the liver, and it is activated when monocytes differentiate into macrophag...
Apolipoprotein C1 Apolipoprotein C-I is a protein component of lipoproteins that in humans is encoded by the APOC1 gene.[1][2] # Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the apolipoprotein C family. This gene is expressed primarily in the liver, and it is activated when monocytes differentiate into ma...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Apolipoprotein_C1
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Apolipoprotein L1
Apolipoprotein L1 Apolipoprotein L1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOL1 gene. Two transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. # Species distribution This gene is only found in humans, African green monkeys, and gorillas. # Structure The gene that encodes the APOL...
Apolipoprotein L1 Apolipoprotein L1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOL1 gene.[1][2][3][4] Two transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene.[4] # Species distribution This gene is only found in humans, African green monkeys, and gorillas.[5][6] # Structure The gene...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Apolipoprotein_L1
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Argemone mexicana
Argemone mexicana Argemone mexicana (Mexican Poppy, Mexican Prickly Poppy or Cardosanto) is a species of poppy found in Mexico and now widely naturalized in the United States and India. An annual herb with bright yellow sap, it has been used by the Natives of the western US and parts of Mexico. The seed-pods secrete a ...
Argemone mexicana Argemone mexicana (Mexican Poppy, Mexican Prickly Poppy or Cardosanto) is a species of poppy found in Mexico and now widely naturalized in the United States and India. An annual herb with bright yellow sap, it has been used by the Natives of the western US and parts of Mexico. The seed-pods secrete a...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Argemone_mexicana
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Cephalic disorder
Cephalic disorder # Overview Cephalic disorders (from the Greek word κεφάλη, meaning "head") are congenital conditions that stem from damage to, or abnormal development of, the budding nervous system. Cephalic is a term that means "head" or "head end of the body." # Historical Perspective # Classification ## More c...
Cephalic disorder Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Template:DiseaseDisorder infobox # Overview Cephalic disorders (from the Greek word κεφάλη, meaning "head") are congenital conditions that stem from damage to, or abnormal development of, the budding nervous system. Ce...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Arhinencephaly
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Erectores pilorum
Erectores pilorum Erectores pilorum (singular Erector pili) are tiny muscle fibers attached to each hair follicle, which contract to make the hairs stand on end, causing goose bumps. They exist in most mammals including humans. Erectores pilorum are smooth muscle, not skeletal muscle, which explains why humans cannot v...
Erectores pilorum Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Erectores pilorum (singular Erector pili) are tiny muscle fibers attached to each hair follicle, which contract to make the hairs stand on end, causing goose bumps. They exist in most mammals including humans. Erectores pilorum are smooth muscle, not...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Arrector_pili_muscle
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Arsenic poisoning
Arsenic poisoning # Overview Arsenic poisoning kills by allosteric inhibition of essential metabolic enzymes, leading to death from multi-system organ failure. Arsenic is tasteless and odorless and was used medicinally in centuries past for syphilis, psoriasis, lichen planus, anorexia, parasitism, and epilepsy. Though...
Arsenic poisoning Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Arsenic poisoning kills by allosteric inhibition of essential metabolic enzymes, leading to death from multi-system organ failure. Arsenic is tasteless and odorless and was used medicinally in centuries past for syphilis, psoriasis, liche...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Arsenic_Poisoning
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wikidoc
Artemis (protein)
Artemis (protein) Artemis is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DCLRE1C (DNA cross-link repair 1C) gene. # Function Artemis is a nuclear protein that is involved in V(D)J recombination and DNA repair. The protein has endonuclease activity on 5' and 3' overhangs and hairpins when complexed with PRKDC. ## Immun...
Artemis (protein) Artemis is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DCLRE1C (DNA cross-link repair 1C) gene.[1][2] # Function Artemis is a nuclear protein that is involved in V(D)J recombination and DNA repair. The protein has endonuclease activity on 5' and 3' overhangs and hairpins when complexed with PRKDC.[3]...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Artemis_(protein)
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Artemisia (plant)
Artemisia (plant) Artemisia is a large, diverse genus of plants with between 200-400 species belonging to the daisy family Asteraceae. It comprises hardy herbs and shrubs known for their volatile oils. They grow in temperate climates of the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere, usually in dry or semi-dry habitat...
Artemisia (plant) Artemisia is a large, diverse genus of plants with between 200-400 species belonging to the daisy family Asteraceae. It comprises hardy herbs and shrubs known for their volatile oils. They grow in temperate climates of the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere, usually in dry or semi-dry habita...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Artemisia_(plant)
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Oxygen saturation
Oxygen saturation Oxygen saturation is a relative measure of the amount of oxygen that is dissolved or carried in a given medium. It can be measured with a dissolved oxygen probe such as an oxygen sensor or an optode in liquid media, usually water. # Medical science In medicine, oxygen saturation (SO2) measures the p...
Oxygen saturation Template:WikiDoc Cardiology News Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Oxygen saturation is a relative measure of the amount of oxygen that is dissolved or carried in a given medium. It can be measured with a dissolved oxygen probe such as an oxygen sensor or an optode in liquid media, ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Arterial_oxygen_saturation
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Arthur J. Deikman
Arthur J. Deikman Arthur J. Deikman, M.D., is professor of psychiatry at University of California, San Francisco, and editor of the Journal of Humanistic Psychology. He is also a contributor to The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. His book The Wrong Way Home: Uncovering the Patterns of Cult Behavior in American ...
Arthur J. Deikman Template:Infobox Scientist Arthur J. Deikman, M.D., is professor of psychiatry at University of California, San Francisco, and editor of the Journal of Humanistic Psychology[1]. He is also a contributor to The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. His book The Wrong Way Home: Uncovering the Pattern...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Arthur_J._Deikman
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Arthur K. Shapiro
Arthur K. Shapiro Arthur K. Shapiro (1923–1995), was a psychiatrist and expert on Tourette syndrome. His "contributions to the understanding of Tourette syndrome completely changed the prevailing view of this disorder"; he has been described as "the father of modern tic disorder research". Until the early 1970s, psych...
Arthur K. Shapiro Arthur K. Shapiro (1923–1995), was a psychiatrist and expert on Tourette syndrome. His "contributions to the understanding of Tourette syndrome completely changed the prevailing view of this disorder";[1] he has been described as "the father of modern tic disorder research".[2] Until the early 1970s...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Arthur_K._Shapiro
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wikidoc
Blood substitutes
Blood substitutes # Overview Blood substitutes, often called artificial blood, are used to fill fluid volume and/or carry oxygen and other blood gases in the cardiovascular system. Although commonly used, the term is not accurate since human blood performs many important functions. Red blood cells transport oxygen, wh...
Blood substitutes Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Blood substitutes, often called artificial blood, are used to fill fluid volume and/or carry oxygen and other blood gases in the cardiovascular system. Although commonly used, the term is not accurate since human blood performs many impor...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Artificial_blood
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Artificial uterus
Artificial uterus # Background In the field of ectogenesis, an artificial uterus (or womb) is a mechanism that is used to grow an embryo outside of the body of a female organism that would normally internally carry the embryo to term. An artificial uterus, as a replacement organ, could also be used to assist women wit...
Artificial uterus Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Background In the field of ectogenesis, an artificial uterus (or womb) is a mechanism that is used to grow an embryo outside of the body of a female organism that would normally internally carry the embryo to term. An artificial uterus, as a repla...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Artificial_uterus
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Asenapine maleate
Asenapine maleate # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on Wik...
Asenapine maleate Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Stefano Giannoni [2] # Disclaimer WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended t...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Asenapine
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Aseptic technique
Aseptic technique # Overview Aseptic technique refers to a procedure that is performed under sterile conditions. This includes medical techniques and laboratory techniques, such as with microbiological cultures. # Medical Procedures Aseptic technique is the effort taken to keep patients as free from hospital micro-or...
Aseptic technique # Overview Aseptic technique refers to a procedure that is performed under sterile conditions. This includes medical techniques and laboratory techniques, such as with microbiological cultures. # Medical Procedures Aseptic technique is the effort taken to keep patients as free from hospital micro-or...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Aseptic
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Ashman phenomenon
Ashman phenomenon # Overview Ashman's Phenomenon is an aberrant intra-ventricular conduction abnormality that occurs because of variable cycle length in atrial fibrillation. It presents as isolated wide complex beats manifesting as a right bundle branch block morphology with short RR cycle length immediately following...
Ashman phenomenon Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aarti Narayan, M.B.B.S [2] # Overview Ashman's Phenomenon is an aberrant intra-ventricular conduction abnormality that occurs because of variable cycle length in atrial fibrillation. It presents as isolated wide comple...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Ashman_phenomenon
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Centella asiatica
Centella asiatica Centella asiatica is a small herbaceous annual plant of the family Apiaceae, the carrot and dill family, native to northern Australia, New Guinea, Melanesia, Malaysia, Iran] and other parts of Asia. Common names include Gotu Kola, Asiatic Pennywort, Luei Gong Gen, Antanan, Pegaga, Kula kud and Brahmi...
Centella asiatica Centella asiatica is a small herbaceous annual plant of the family Apiaceae, the carrot and dill family, native to northern Australia, New Guinea, Melanesia, Malaysia, Iran][1] and other parts of Asia. Common names include Gotu Kola, Asiatic Pennywort, Luei Gong Gen, Antanan, Pegaga, Kula kud and Br...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Asiatic_centella
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Aspergillus niger
Aspergillus niger Aspergillus niger is a fungus and one of the most common species of the genus Aspergillus. It causes a disease called black mold on certain fruits and vegetables such as grapes, onions, and peanuts, and is a common contaminant of food. It is ubiquitous in soil and is commonly reported from indoor envi...
Aspergillus niger Aspergillus niger is a fungus and one of the most common species of the genus Aspergillus. It causes a disease called black mold on certain fruits and vegetables such as grapes, onions, and peanuts, and is a common contaminant of food. It is ubiquitous in soil and is commonly reported from indoor env...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Aspergillus_niger
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Asplenia
Asplenia overview # Overview Asplenia can refer to an anatomic absence of the spleen or functional asplenia secondary to a variety of disease states. The spleen plays integral roles in the immune system and reticuloendothelial systems.The absence of a spleen is a well-known risk factor for severe bacterial infections,...
Asplenia overview Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kalpana Giri, MBBS[2] # Overview Asplenia can refer to an anatomic absence of the spleen or functional asplenia secondary to a variety of disease states. The spleen plays integral roles in the immune system and reticulo...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Asplenia_overview
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wikidoc
Assay sensitivity
Assay sensitivity Assay sensitivity is a property of a clinical trial defined as the ability to distinguish an effective treatment from a less effective or ineffective treatment. Without assay sensitivity, a trial cannot be said to make a distinction between the efficacy of two treatments. # Importance Assay sensitivi...
Assay sensitivity Assay sensitivity is a property of a clinical trial defined as the ability to distinguish an effective treatment from a less effective or ineffective treatment. Without assay sensitivity, a trial cannot be said to make a distinction between the efficacy of two treatments. # Importance Assay sensitiv...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Assay_sensitivity
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Astigmatism (eye)
Astigmatism (eye) # Overview Astigmatism is a defect of the eye, where vision is blurred by an irregularly shaped cornea. The cornea, instead of being shaped like a sphere, is ellipsoidal (like an egg) and reduces the cornea's ability to focus light. Astigmatism is a refractive error of the eye in which there is a d...
Astigmatism (eye) For patient information click here Template:DiseaseDisorder infobox Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Astigmatism is a defect of the eye, where vision is blurred by an irregularly shaped cornea. The cornea, instead of being shaped like a sphere, is ellipsoidal (like an e...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Astigmatism_(eye)
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wikidoc
Astral projection
Astral projection Astral projection (or astral travel) is a paranormal interpretation of an out-of-body experience achieved either awake or via lucid dreaming or deep meditation. The concept of astral projection assumes the existence of another body, separate from the physical body and capable of traveling to non-physi...
Astral projection Template:Otheruses4 Template:Planes of existence Astral projection (or astral travel) is a paranormal interpretation of an out-of-body experience achieved either awake or via lucid dreaming or deep meditation. The concept of astral projection assumes the existence of another body, separate from the p...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Astral_projection
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Physical exercise
Physical exercise Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the e...
Physical exercise Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us [2] to indicate your in...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Athletes
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wikidoc
Athletic pubalgia
Athletic pubalgia Athletic pubalgia, also called the sportman's hernia or sports hernia, Gilmore's groin or groin disruption, is a medical condition of the groin affecting athletes. Jerry Gilmore recognized the syndrome in 1980 and developed a surgical repair technique. It is a syndrome characterized by chronic groin p...
Athletic pubalgia Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Athletic pubalgia, also called the sportman's hernia or sports hernia, Gilmore's groin or groin disruption, is a medical condition of the groin affecting athletes[1]. Jerry Gilmore recognized the syndrome in 1980 and developed a surgical repair techn...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Athletic_pubalgia
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Atmosphere (unit)
Atmosphere (unit) Standard atmosphere is a pressure defined as 101'325 Pa and used as unit of pressure (symbol: atm). Standard atmosphere is a non-SI unit that is internationally recognized. The 10th Conférence Générale des Poids et Mesures (10th CGPM) adopted standard atmosphere for general use and affirmed its defin...
Atmosphere (unit) Standard atmosphere is a pressure defined as 101'325 Pa and used as unit of pressure (symbol: atm). Standard atmosphere is a non-SI unit that is internationally recognized. The 10th Conférence Générale des Poids et Mesures (10th CGPM) adopted standard atmosphere for general use and affirmed its defi...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Atmosphere_(unit)
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wikidoc
Crystal structure
Crystal structure # Overview In mineralogy and crystallography, a crystal structure is a unique arrangement of atoms in a crystal. A crystal structure is composed of a motif, a set of atoms arranged in a particular way, and a lattice. Motifs are located upon the points of a lattice, which is an array of points repea...
Crystal structure # Overview In mineralogy and crystallography, a crystal structure is a unique arrangement of atoms in a crystal. A crystal structure is composed of a motif, a set of atoms arranged in a particular way, and a lattice. Motifs are located upon the points of a lattice, which is an array of points repea...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Atomic_lattice
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wikidoc
Atrial infarction
Atrial infarction # Overview Atrial infarction is ischemic necrosis of the upper chamber of the heart (the atrium). It is a disease that has not been well studied. # Incidence In autopsy studies, the incidence is highly variable ranging from 0.7% to 42%. The largest series to date involved 182 patients, and the incid...
Atrial infarction Template:Search infobox Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2] # Overview Atrial infarction is ischemic necrosis of the upper chamber of the heart (the atrium). It is a disease that has not been well studied.[1] # Incidence In aut...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Atrial_Infarction
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wikidoc
Atrial septostomy
Atrial septostomy Atrial septostomy is a surgical procedure in which a small hole is created between the upper two chambers of the heart, the atria. This procedure is primarily used to treat dextro-Transposition of the great arteries or d-TGA (often imprecisely called transposition of the great arteries), a life-threat...
Atrial septostomy Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Atrial septostomy is a surgical procedure in which a small hole is created between the upper two chambers of the heart, the atria. This procedure is primarily used to treat dextro-Transposition of the great arteries or d-TGA (often imprecisely called...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Atrial_septostomy
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wikidoc
Deadly nightshade
Deadly nightshade Deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna), also known as belladonna or dwale, is a well-known perennial herbaceous plant, with leaves and berries that are highly toxic and hallucinogenic. It is in the nightshade family (Solanaceae), which it shares with potatoes, tomatoes, eggplants, jimsonweed, tobacco,...
Deadly nightshade Deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna), also known as belladonna or dwale, is a well-known perennial herbaceous plant, with leaves and berries that are highly toxic and hallucinogenic. It is in the nightshade family (Solanaceae), which it shares with potatoes, tomatoes, eggplants, jimsonweed, tobacco...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Atropa_belladonna
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wikidoc
Atrophic rhinitis
Atrophic rhinitis Atrophic Rhinitis also called as Ozaena, it is a chronic inflammation of nose characterised by atrophy of nasal mucosa including the glands, turbinate bones, and the nerve elements supplying the nose. Atrophic Rhinitis is of two types: primary and secondary. # Primary Atrophic Rhinitis ## Aetiology ...
Atrophic rhinitis Atrophic Rhinitis also called as Ozaena, it is a chronic inflammation of nose characterised by atrophy of nasal mucosa including the glands, turbinate bones, and the nerve elements supplying the nose. Atrophic Rhinitis is of two types: primary and secondary. # Primary Atrophic Rhinitis ## Aetiology...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Atrophic_rhinitis
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wikidoc
Attachment theory
Attachment theory # Overview An attachment theory is a coherent group of ideas that attempt to explain attachment, the almost universal human tendency to prefer certain familiar companions over other people, especially when ill, injured, or distressed. Historically, certain social preferences, like those of parents fo...
Attachment theory Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2] # Overview An attachment theory is a coherent group of ideas that attempt to explain attachment, the almost universal human tendency to prefer certain familiar companions over other people, especially when ill, injured, or distressed.[1] Historicall...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Attachment_Theory
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wikidoc
Attributable risk
Attributable risk # Overview The attributable risk of disease given an exposure is simply the rate of disease (incidence) in the exposed people minus the rate in the unexposed people. So the attributable risk for lung cancer in smokers is, in essence, simply the rate of lung cancer amongst smokers minus the rate of lu...
Attributable risk Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview The attributable risk of disease given an exposure is simply the rate of disease (incidence) in the exposed people minus the rate in the unexposed people. So the attributable risk for lung cancer in smokers is, in essence, simply the rate...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Attributable_risk
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wikidoc
Auerbach's plexus
Auerbach's plexus # Overview Part of the enteric nervous system, Auerbach's plexus (or myenteric plexus) exists between the longitudinal and circular layers of muscularis externa in the gastrointestinal tract and provides motor innervation to both layers and secretomotor innervation to the mucosa. It arises from cells...
Auerbach's plexus # Overview Template:Infobox Nerve Part of the enteric nervous system, Auerbach's plexus (or myenteric plexus) exists between the longitudinal and circular layers of muscularis externa in the gastrointestinal tract and provides motor innervation to both layers and secretomotor innervation to the mucos...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Auerbach%27s_plexus
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wikidoc
Darwin's tubercle
Darwin's tubercle Darwin's tubercle is a congenital ear condition which often presents as a thickening on the helix at the junction of the upper and middle thirds. The feature is present in approximately 10.4% of the population. This acuminate nodule represents the point of the mammalian ear. This atavistic feature is ...
Darwin's tubercle Darwin's tubercle is a congenital ear condition which often presents as a thickening on the helix at the junction of the upper and middle thirds. The feature is present in approximately 10.4% of the population.[1] This acuminate nodule represents the point of the mammalian ear. This atavistic feature...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Auricular_tubercle_of_Darwin
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wikidoc
Autistic spectrum
Autistic spectrum # Overview The autism spectrum, also called autism spectrum disorders (ASD) or autism spectrum conditions (ASC), with the word autistic sometimes replacing autism, is a spectrum of psychological conditions characterized by widespread abnormalities of social interactions and communication, as well as ...
Autistic spectrum # Overview The autism spectrum, also called autism spectrum disorders (ASD) or autism spectrum conditions (ASC), with the word autistic sometimes replacing autism, is a spectrum of psychological conditions characterized by widespread abnormalities of social interactions and communication, as well as ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Autistic_spectrum
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wikidoc
AutoPulse machine
AutoPulse machine # Overview The AutoPulse is an automated cardiopulmonary resuscitation machine created by Revivant and subsequently purchased by ZOLL. It is a circumferential chest compression device composed of a constricting band and half backboard that is intended to be used as an adjunct to CPR during advanced c...
AutoPulse machine Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview The AutoPulse is an automated cardiopulmonary resuscitation machine created by Revivant and subsequently purchased by ZOLL. It is a circumferential chest compression device composed of a constricting band and half backboard that is intend...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/AutoPulse
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wikidoc
Avogadro constant
Avogadro constant The Avogadro constant (symbols: L, NA), also called the Avogadro number, is the number of atoms in exactly 12 grams of 12C. A mole is defined as this number of "entities" (usually, atoms or molecules) of any material. The currently accepted value for this number is: The value of Avogadro's constant ...
Avogadro constant The Avogadro constant (symbols: L, NA), also called the Avogadro number, is the number of atoms in exactly 12 grams of 12C. A mole is defined as this number of "entities" (usually, atoms or molecules) of any material.[1][2] The currently accepted value for this number is:[3] The value of Avogadro's...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Avogadro%27s_constant
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wikidoc
Avulsion fracture
Avulsion fracture # Overview The injuries of the ball-and-socket shoulder joint considered as the Distal humerus fracture. It is more common among the elderly population following a low energy trauma such as falling. Meanwhile, A few people experience the axillary nerve damage such as reduced sensation around the midd...
Avulsion fracture Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohammadmain Rezazadehsaatlou[2]. # Overview The injuries of the ball-and-socket shoulder joint considered as the Distal humerus fracture. It is more common among the elderly population following a low energy trauma su...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Avulsion
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wikidoc
Axenfeld syndrome
Axenfeld syndrome Synonyms and keywords: Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome; Hagedoom syndrome # Overview Axenfeld syndrome is the name commonly given to a spectrum of autosomal dominant developmental disorders. It is so named after the German ophthalmologist Theodor Axenfeld. Although most recognized for its correlation with t...
Axenfeld syndrome Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Jyostna Chouturi, M.B.B.S [2] Synonyms and keywords: Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome; Hagedoom syndrome # Overview Axenfeld syndrome is the name commonly given to a spectrum of autosomal dominant developmental disorders. It i...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Axenfeld-Rieger_syndrome
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wikidoc
BCL-6 corepressor
BCL-6 corepressor BCL-6 corepressor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BCOR gene. # Function The protein encoded by this gene was identified as an interacting corepressor of BCL6, a POZ/zinc finger transcription repressor that is required for germinal center formation and may influence apoptosis. This prote...
BCL-6 corepressor BCL-6 corepressor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BCOR gene.[1][2] # Function The protein encoded by this gene was identified as an interacting corepressor of BCL6, a POZ/zinc finger transcription repressor that is required for germinal center formation and may influence apoptosis. Thi...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/BCL-6_corepressor
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wikidoc
Borjeson syndrome
Borjeson syndrome Synonyms and keywords: Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome , BFL syndrome, Mental deficiency - epilepsy - endocrine disorders. # Overview Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome is characterised by the association of intellectual deficit with endocrine anomalies, epilepsy, hypogonadism and facial dysmorphi...
Borjeson syndrome Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Assosciate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Prashanth Saddala M.B.B.S Synonyms and keywords: Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome , BFL syndrome, Mental deficiency - epilepsy - endocrine disorders. # Overview Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome is characterised by ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/BFL_syndrome
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wikidoc
Bachelor's degree
Bachelor's degree # Overview A bachelor's degree is usually an undergraduate academic degree awarded for a course or major that generally lasts for three, four, or in some cases and countries, five or six years. It may also be the name of a postgraduate degree, such as a Bachelor of Civil Law, the Bachelor of Music, ...
Bachelor's degree # Overview A bachelor's degree is usually an undergraduate academic degree awarded for a course or major that generally lasts for three, four, or in some cases and countries, five or six years. It may also be the name of a postgraduate degree, such as a Bachelor of Civil Law, the Bachelor of Music, ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bachelor%27s_degree
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wikidoc
Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus subtilis # Overview Bacillus subtilis is a Gram-positive, catalase-positive bacterium commonly found in soil. A member of the genus Bacillus, B. subtilis has the ability to form a tough, protective endospore, allowing the organism to tolerate extreme environmental conditions. Unlike several other well-known ...
Bacillus subtilis Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Bacillus subtilis is a Gram-positive, catalase-positive bacterium commonly found in soil.[1] A member of the genus Bacillus, B. subtilis has the ability to form a tough, protective endospore, allowing the organism to tolerate extreme envi...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bacillus_subtilis
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wikidoc
Backscatter X-ray
Backscatter X-ray In contrast to the traditional X-ray machine, which detects hard and soft materials by the variation in transmission through the target, backscatter X-ray is a newer imaging system which detects the radiation which comes back from the target. It has potential applications in almost every situation in...
Backscatter X-ray In contrast to the traditional X-ray machine, which detects hard and soft materials by the variation in transmission through the target, backscatter X-ray is a newer imaging system which detects the radiation which comes back from the target. It has potential applications in almost every situation i...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Backscatter_X-ray
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Sector instrument
Sector instrument A sector instrument is a general term for a class of mass spectrometer that utilizes a static electric or magnetic sector or some combination of the two (separately in space) as a mass analyzer. A popular combination of these sectors has been the BEB (magnetic-electric-magnetic). Most modern sector i...
Sector instrument A sector instrument is a general term for a class of mass spectrometer that utilizes a static electric or magnetic sector or some combination of the two (separately in space) as a mass analyzer.[1] A popular combination of these sectors has been the BEB (magnetic-electric-magnetic). Most modern sect...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bainbridge_mass_spectrometer
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wikidoc
Bainbridge reflex
Bainbridge reflex The Bainbridge reflex is an increase in heart rate due to an increase in the blood volume. Increased blood volume is detected by stretch receptors located in both atria at the venoatrial junctions. # History A scientist by the name of Francis Arthur Bainbridge reported this reflex in 1915 when he wa...
Bainbridge reflex Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] The Bainbridge reflex is an increase in heart rate due to an increase in the blood volume. Increased blood volume is detected by stretch receptors located in both atria at the venoatrial junctions. # History A scientist by the name of Francis Arthu...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bainbridge_reflex
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Balloon swallower
Balloon swallower A balloon swallower is an individual who crosses a border with the intent to smuggle drugs contained in his or her gastrointestinal tract. In particular the term is used in American law enforcement for this regarding crossing the United States-Mexico border. A balloon swallower typically fills tiny ba...
Balloon swallower A balloon swallower is an individual who crosses a border with the intent to smuggle drugs contained in his or her gastrointestinal tract. In particular the term is used in American law enforcement for this regarding crossing the United States-Mexico border. A balloon swallower typically fills tiny b...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Balloon_swallower
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wikidoc
Balloonist theory
Balloonist theory Balloonist theory was a theory in early neuroscience that attempted to explain muscle movement by asserting that muscles contract by inflating with air or fluid. The Greek physician Galen believed that muscles contracted due to a fluid flowing into them, and for 1500 years afterward, it was believed t...
Balloonist theory Balloonist theory was a theory in early neuroscience that attempted to explain muscle movement by asserting that muscles contract by inflating with air or fluid. The Greek physician Galen believed that muscles contracted due to a fluid flowing into them, and for 1500 years afterward, it was believed ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Balloonist_theory
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wikidoc
Bariatric surgery
Bariatric surgery In surgery, Bariatric surgery is defined as "surgical procedures aimed at affecting metabolism and producing major weight reduction in patients with morbid obesity." # Complications Neurologic complications have been reviewed. ## Polyneuropathy Thiamine deficiency after bariatric surgery has been re...
Bariatric surgery In surgery, Bariatric surgery is defined as "surgical procedures aimed at affecting metabolism and producing major weight reduction in patients with morbid obesity."[1] # Complications Neurologic complications have been reviewed[2]. ## Polyneuropathy Thiamine deficiency after bariatric surgery has ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bariatric_surgery
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wikidoc
Barnett Rosenberg
Barnett Rosenberg # Overview Barnett Rosenberg (1926 - ) is an American chemist best known for the discovery of the anti-cancer drug cisplatin. Rosenberg obtained his PhD in Physics at New York University (NYU) in 1956. He joined Michigan State University in 1961 and worked there until 1997. In 1965, Rosenberg and his...
Barnett Rosenberg Template:Infobox Scientist # Overview Barnett Rosenberg (1926 - ) is an American chemist best known for the discovery of the anti-cancer drug cisplatin. Rosenberg obtained his PhD in Physics at New York University (NYU) in 1956. He joined Michigan State University in 1961 and worked there until 1997...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Barnett_Rosenberg
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wikidoc
Bartholin's gland
Bartholin's gland # Overview The Bartholin's glands (also called Bartholin glands or greater vestibular glands) are two glands located slightly below and to the left and right of the opening of the vagina in women. They secrete mucus to provide lubrication. Bartholin's glands are homologous to Cowper's glands in males...
Bartholin's gland Template:Infobox Anatomy Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview The Bartholin's glands (also called Bartholin glands or greater vestibular glands) are two glands located slightly below and to the left and right of the opening of the vagina in women. They secrete mucus to provi...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bartholin%27s_gland
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Base of the heart
Base of the heart # Overview The base of the heart, directed upward, backward, and to the right, is separated from the fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth thoracic vertebræ by the esophagus, aorta, and thoracic duct. It is formed mainly by the left atrium, and, to a small extent, by the back part of the right atrium. So...
Base of the heart Template:Infobox Anatomy Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview The base of the heart, directed upward, backward, and to the right, is separated from the fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth thoracic vertebræ by the esophagus, aorta, and thoracic duct. It is formed mainly by the ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Base_of_heart
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Basement membrane
Basement membrane The basement membrane is a structure that supports overlying epithelial or endothelial cells. # Composition The basement membrane consists of an electron-dense membrane called the lamina densa, about 30–70 nanometers in thickness, and an underlying network of reticular collagen (type IV) fibrils (its...
Basement membrane Template:WikiDoc Cardiology News Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] The basement membrane is a structure that supports overlying epithelial or endothelial cells. # Composition The basement membrane consists of an electron-dense membrane called the lamina densa, about 30–70 nanometers...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Basement_membrane
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Cerebral peduncle
Cerebral peduncle # Overview The cerebral peduncle, by most classifications, is everything in the mesencephalon except the tectum. The region includes the midbrain tegmentum, crus cerebri, substantia nigra and pretectum. The peduncles are also known as the crus cerebri. There are numerous nerve tracts located within t...
Cerebral peduncle Template:Infobox Brain # Overview The cerebral peduncle, by most classifications, is everything in the mesencephalon except the tectum. The region includes the midbrain tegmentum, crus cerebri, substantia nigra and pretectum. The peduncles are also known as the crus cerebri. There are numerous nerve...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Basis_pedunculi
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Batista procedure
Batista procedure The Batista procedure was an experimental open-heart surgical technique that aimed to reverse the effects of remodeling in cases of end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy, which is refractory to conventional medical therapy. In spite of promising initial results, the method was soon found to be of little if...
Batista procedure Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] The Batista procedure was an experimental open-heart surgical technique that aimed to reverse the effects of remodeling in cases of end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy, which is refractory to conventional medical therapy. In spite of promising initial r...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Batista_procedure
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Behaviour therapy
Behaviour therapy # Overview Behavior therapy is a form of psychotherapy used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, phobias, and other forms of psychopathology. Its philosophical roots can be found in the school of behaviorism, which states that psychological matters can be studied scientifically by observing overt ...
Behaviour therapy Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [10] # Overview Behavior therapy is a form of psychotherapy used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, phobias, and other forms of psychopathology. Its philosophical roots can be found in the school of behaviorism, which states that psychological matt...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Behavior_therapy
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Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin # Overview Benjamin Franklin (Template:OldStyleDateDY – April 17 1790) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America. A noted polymath, Franklin was a leading author and printer, satirist, political theorist, politician, scientist, inventor, civic activist, statesman and diplomat. A...
Benjamin Franklin Template:Infobox Governor # Overview Benjamin Franklin (Template:OldStyleDateDY – April 17 1790) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America. A noted polymath, Franklin was a leading author and printer, satirist, political theorist, politician, scientist, inventor, civic activist...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Benjamin_Franklin
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Bentall procedure
Bentall procedure # Overview A Bentall procedure is a cardiac surgery operation involving composite graft replacement of the aortic valve, aortic root and ascending aorta, with re-implantation of the coronary arteries into the graft. This operation is used to treat combined aortic valve and ascending aorta disease, i...
Bentall procedure Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview A Bentall procedure is a cardiac surgery operation involving composite graft replacement of the aortic valve, aortic root and ascending aorta, with re-implantation of the coronary arteries into the graft. This operation is used to treat ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bentall_procedure
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Berberis vulgaris
Berberis vulgaris Berberis vulgaris (European Barberry) is a shrub in the family Berberidaceae, native to central and southern Europe, northwest Africa and western Asia; it is also naturalised in northern Europe, including the British Isles and Scandinavia, and North America. It is a deciduous shrub growing up to 4 m h...
Berberis vulgaris Berberis vulgaris (European Barberry) is a shrub in the family Berberidaceae, native to central and southern Europe, northwest Africa and western Asia; it is also naturalised in northern Europe, including the British Isles and Scandinavia, and North America. It is a deciduous shrub growing up to 4 m ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Berberis_vulgaris
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Beriberi
Beriberi overview # Overview Beriberi is a dietary-deficiency disease caused by a lack of thiamine in the diet. Thiamine, initially named "the anti-beriberi factor" in 1926 was the first B vitamin to be identified and is therefore referred to as vitamin B1. Thiamine is soluble in water and partly soluble in alcohol. I...
Beriberi overview Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Abdelrahman Ibrahim Abushouk, MD[2] # Overview Beriberi is a dietary-deficiency disease caused by a lack of thiamine in the diet. Thiamine, initially named "the anti-beriberi factor" in 1926 was the first B vitamin to ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Beriberi_overview
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Bernoulli process
Bernoulli process In probability and statistics, a Bernoulli process is a discrete-time stochastic process consisting of a sequence of independent random variables taking values over two symbols. Prosaically, a Bernoulli process is coin flipping, possibly with an unfair coin. A variable in such a sequence may be called...
Bernoulli process In probability and statistics, a Bernoulli process is a discrete-time stochastic process consisting of a sequence of independent random variables taking values over two symbols. Prosaically, a Bernoulli process is coin flipping, possibly with an unfair coin. A variable in such a sequence may be calle...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bernoulli_process
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Beta distribution
Beta distribution # Overview In probability theory and statistics, the beta distribution is a family of continuous probability distributions defined on the interval parameterized by two non-negative shape parameters, typically denoted by α and β. # Characterization ## Probability density function The probability de...
Beta distribution Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Template:Probability distribution {\mathrm{B}(\alpha,\beta)}\!</math>| In probability theory and statistics, the beta distribution is a family of continuous probability distributions defined on the interval [0, 1] parameterized by two non...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Beta_distribution
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Williams syndrome
Williams syndrome Synonyms and keywords: Beuren-Williams syndrome; supravalvular aortic stenosis hypercalcemia syndrome; Williams syndrome; Williams-Beuren syndrome; Chromosome 7q11.23 deletion syndrome, 1.5- to 1.8-mb; WMS; WS # Overview Williams syndrome (also Williams-Beuren syndrome) is a rare genetic disorder c...
Williams syndrome Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2] Synonyms and keywords: Beuren-Williams syndrome; supravalvular aortic stenosis hypercalcemia syndrome; Williams syndrome; Williams-Beuren syndrome; Chromosome 7q11.23 deletion syndrome, 1.5- to 1.8-mb; WMS; WS # Overview Williams syndrome (also Wi...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Beuren-Williams_syndrome
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wikidoc
Biological hazard
Biological hazard # Overview A biological hazard or biohazard is an organism, or substance derived from an organism, that poses a threat to (primarily) human health. This can include medical waste, samples of a microorganism, virus or toxin (from a biological source) that can impact human health. It can also include s...
Biological hazard # Overview A biological hazard or biohazard is an organism, or substance derived from an organism, that poses a threat to (primarily) human health. This can include medical waste, samples of a microorganism, virus or toxin (from a biological source) that can impact human health. It can also include s...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Biohazard
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wikidoc
Crown lengthening
Crown lengthening # Overview Crown lengthening is a surgical procedure performed by a dentist to expose a greater height of tooth structure in order to properly restore the tooth prosthetically. This is done by incising the gingival tissue around a tooth and, after temporarily displacing the soft tissue, predictably ...
Crown lengthening Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Crown lengthening is a surgical procedure performed by a dentist to expose a greater height of tooth structure in order to properly restore the tooth prosthetically.[1] This is done by incising the gingival tissue around a tooth and, aft...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Biologic_width
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wikidoc
Biological patent
Biological patent # Overview A biological patent is a patent relating to an invention or discovery in biology. Some types of biological patents are considered controversial by those who feel that natural occurrences are not invented and thus should not be patentable. This is especially true if the biological matter be...
Biological patent # Overview A biological patent is a patent relating to an invention or discovery in biology. Some types of biological patents are considered controversial by those who feel that natural occurrences are not invented and thus should not be patentable. This is especially true if the biological matter be...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Biological_patent
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Biological system
Biological system # Overview In biology, a system is a group of organs that work together to perform a certain task. Common systems, such as those present in mammals and other animals, seen in human anatomy, are those such as the circulatory system, the respiratory system, the nervous system, etc. A group of systems c...
Biological system # Overview In biology, a system is a group of organs that work together to perform a certain task. Common systems, such as those present in mammals and other animals, seen in human anatomy, are those such as the circulatory system, the respiratory system, the nervous system, etc. A group of systems c...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Biological_system
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wikidoc
Biomass (ecology)
Biomass (ecology) Biomass refers to living and recently dead biological material that can be used as fuel or for industrial production. Most commonly, biomass refers to plant matter grown for use as biofuel, but it also includes plant or animal matter used for production of fibres, chemicals or heat. Biomass may also i...
Biomass (ecology) Template:Renewable energy sources Biomass refers to living and recently dead biological material that can be used as fuel or for industrial production. Most commonly, biomass refers to plant matter grown for use as biofuel, but it also includes plant or animal matter used for production of fibres, ch...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Biomass_(ecology)
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Biomedical tissue
Biomedical tissue # Overview Biomedical tissue is biological tissue used for organ transplantation and medical research, particularly cancer research. Such tissues and organs may be referred to as: implant tissue, allograft, xenograft, skin graft tissue, human transplant tissue, implant bone. Tissue is stored in tissu...
Biomedical tissue # Overview Biomedical tissue is biological tissue used for organ transplantation and medical research, particularly cancer research. Such tissues and organs may be referred to as: implant tissue, allograft, xenograft, skin graft tissue, human transplant tissue, implant bone. Tissue is stored in tissu...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Biomedical_Tissue
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Biopharmaceutical
Biopharmaceutical Biopharmaceuticals are medical drugs (see pharmacology) produced using biotechnology. They are proteins (including antibodies), nucleic acids (DNA, RNA or antisense oligonucleotides) used for therapeutic or in vivo diagnostic purposes, and are produced by means other than direct extraction from a nati...
Biopharmaceutical Biopharmaceuticals are medical drugs (see pharmacology) produced using biotechnology. They are proteins (including antibodies), nucleic acids (DNA, RNA or antisense oligonucleotides) used for therapeutic or in vivo diagnostic purposes, and are produced by means other than direct extraction from a nat...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Biopharmaceutical
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wikidoc
Biotin deficiency
Biotin deficiency # Overview Biotin deficiency can have a very serious, even fatal, outcome if it is allowed to progress without treatment. Signs and symptoms of biotin deficiency can develop in persons of any age, race, or gender. Biotin deficiency rarely occurs in healthy individuals, since the daily requirements ...
Biotin deficiency Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] # Overview Biotin deficiency can have a very serious, even fatal, outcome if it is allowed to progress without treatment. Signs and symptoms of biotin deficiency can develop in persons of any age, race, or gender. Biotin deficiency rarely occurs i...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Biotin_deficiency
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Biotransformation
Biotransformation Biotransformation is the chemical modification (or modifications) made by an organism. If this modification ends in mineral compounds like CO2, NH3+ or H2O, the biotransformation is called mineralisation. # Microbial biotransformation Biotransformation of various pollutants is a sustainable way to cl...
Biotransformation Biotransformation is the chemical modification (or modifications) made by an organism. If this modification ends in mineral compounds like CO2, NH3+ or H2O, the biotransformation is called mineralisation. # Microbial biotransformation Biotransformation of various pollutants is a sustainable way to c...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Biotransformation
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Pulsus bisferiens
Pulsus bisferiens Synonyms and keywords: Bisferious pulse, biphasic pulse, spike and dome pattern # Overview Pulsus bisferiens is a sign where, on palpation of the pulse, a double peak in the aortic waveform is observed with each cardiac cycle. Bisferious means striking twice. Therefore, pulsus bisferiens is a type of...
Pulsus bisferiens Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Synonyms and keywords: Bisferious pulse, biphasic pulse, spike and dome pattern # Overview Pulsus bisferiens is a sign where, on palpation of the pulse, a double peak in the aortic waveform is observed with each cardiac cycle. Bisferious means strik...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Biphasic_pulse