question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
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Involved in balance, the semicircular canals are parts of what organs? | [
"eyes",
"lungs",
"ears",
"ovaries"
] | C | The parts of the ears involved in balance are the semicircular canals. These are the curved structures above the cochlea in the inner ear in Figure above . Like the cochlea, the semicircular canals contain liquid and are lined with tiny hair cells. As the head changes position, the liquid moves. This causes the hair ce... | train | sciq | null |
Injuries can be prevented by getting proper what? | [
"water and clothing",
"drugs and food",
"exercise and training",
"rest and recovery"
] | D | Injuries can also be prevented by proper rest and recovery. If you do not get enough rest, your body will become injured and will not react well to exercise, or improve. You can also rest by doing a different activity. For example, if you run, you can rest your running muscles and joints by swimming. | train | sciq | null |
Some leaves are attached to the plant stem by a petiole. leaves that do not have a petiole and are directly attached to the plant stem are called this? | [
"transverse leaves",
"sheath leaves",
"sessile leaves",
"globular leaves"
] | C | Structure of a Typical Leaf Each leaf typically has a leaf blade called the lamina, which is also the widest part of the leaf. Some leaves are attached to the plant stem by a petiole. Leaves that do not have a petiole and are directly attached to the plant stem are called sessile leaves. Small green appendages usually ... | train | sciq | null |
What is water vapor density known as? | [
"density",
"ambiance",
"humidity",
"thickness"
] | C | saturation vapor density given in the table. Strategy To solve this problem, we need to break it down into a two steps. The partial pressure follows the ideal gas law,. | train | sciq | null |
What is the name for the transfer of thermal energy between particles of matter that are touching? | [
"induction",
"activation",
"convection",
"conduction"
] | D | Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy between particles of matter that are touching. Thermal conduction occurs when particles of warmer matter bump into particles of cooler matter and transfer some of their thermal energy to the cooler particles. Conduction is usually faster in certain solids and liquids than in... | train | sciq | null |
The mean free path for a gaseous molecule will be hundreds of times the what of the molecule? | [
"variation",
"weight",
"density",
"diameter"
] | D | If you have ever been in a room when a piping hot pizza was delivered, you have been made aware of the fact that gaseous molecules can quickly spread throughout a room, as evidenced by the pleasant aroma that soon reaches your nose. Although gaseous molecules travel at tremendous speeds (hundreds of meters per second),... | train | sciq | null |
What is the most common fossil fuel? | [
"diesel oil",
"uranium",
"coal",
"methane"
] | C | Many of the problems with fossil fuels are worse for coal than for oil or natural gas. Burning coal releases more carbon dioxide than either oil or natural gas. Yet coal is the most common fossil fuel, so we continue to burn large amounts of it. That makes coal the biggest contributor to global warming. | train | sciq | null |
The weather conditions in an area over time is also called a what? | [
"biome",
"landscape",
"habitat",
"climate"
] | D | train | sciq | null | |
Chemical symbols are useful to concisely represent the elements present in a substance. the letters usually come from the name of what? | [
"month",
"scientist",
"discoverer",
"element"
] | D | Chemical symbols are useful to concisely represent the elements present in a substance. The letters usually come from the name of the element. | train | sciq | null |
Cell transport refers to the movement of substances across what structure? | [
"phloem",
"chloroplasm",
"cell membrane",
"cell wall"
] | C | Cell transport refers to the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Probably the most important feature of a cell’s phospholipid membranes is that they are selectively permeable. A membrane that is selectively permeable , or semipermeable, has control over what molecules or ions can enter or leave the cell, a... | train | sciq | null |
What term describes the rate at which a device changes electric current to another form of energy? | [
"electric power",
"voltage",
"kinetic energy",
"kilowatts"
] | A | The rate at which a device changes electric current to another form of energy is called electric power . The SI unit of power—including electric power—is the watt. A watt equals 1 joule of energy per second. High wattages are often expressed in kilowatts, where 1 kilowatt equals 1000 watts. The power of an electric dev... | train | sciq | null |
What happens when a sodium atom loses an electron? | [
"gains a proton",
"becomes sodium ion",
"combines with hydrogen",
"becomes calcium"
] | B | By losing an electron, the sodium atom becomes a sodium ion. It now has one less electron than protons, giving it a charge of +1. Positive ions such as sodium are given the same name as the element. The chemical symbol has a plus sign to distinguish the ion from an atom of the element. The symbol for a sodium ion is Na... | train | sciq | null |
When a fluorine atom gains an electron, it becomes a negative what? | [
"potassium ion",
"fluoride ion",
"hydrogen ion",
"sulfide ion"
] | B | When a fluorine atom gains an electron, it becomes a negative fluoride ion. | train | sciq | null |
The endocrine system consists of cells, tissues, and organs that secrete what critical to homeostasis? | [
"acids",
"antibodies",
"saliva",
"hormones"
] | D | CHAPTER REVIEW 17.1 An Overview of the Endocrine System The endocrine system consists of cells, tissues, and organs that secrete hormones critical to homeostasis. The body coordinates its functions through two major types of communication: neural and endocrine. Neural communication includes both electrical and chemical... | train | sciq | null |
What is formed when two dna strands link together in an antiparallel direction and are twisted? | [
"guanine",
"anti-helix",
"RNA",
"double helix"
] | D | Two DNA strands link together in an antiparallel direction and are twisted to form a double helix. The nitrogenous bases face the inside of the helix. Guanine is always opposite cytosine, and adenine is always opposite thymine. | train | sciq | null |
Particles of a gas are constantly moving and bumping into things. this gives gases what? | [
"velocity",
"resistance",
"pressure",
"strength"
] | C | Particles of a gas are constantly moving and bumping into things. This gives gases pressure. | train | sciq | null |
Which part of a leaf contains openings known as stomata, through which the exchange of gases takes place? | [
"epidermis",
"stoma",
"phloem",
"cuticle"
] | A | Which layers of the stem are made of parenchyma cells? a. cortex and pith b. phloem c. sclerenchyma d. xylem Like the rest of the plant, the stem has three tissue systems: dermal, vascular, and ground tissue. Each is distinguished by characteristic cell types that perform specific tasks necessary for the plant’s growth... | train | sciq | null |
Which system transports oxygens to cells? | [
"oxy system",
"circulatory system",
"vascular system",
"nervous system"
] | B | An important function of the circulatory system is transporting oxygen to cells. | train | sciq | null |
What is the part of a plant whose primary role is to collect sunlight and make food by photosynthesis? | [
"seeds",
"stems",
"roots",
"leaves"
] | D | Leaves are the keys not only to plant life but to all terrestrial life. The primary role of leaves is to collect sunlight and make food by photosynthesis. Despite the fundamental importance of the work they do, there is great diversity in the leaves of plants. However, given the diversity of habitats in which plants li... | train | sciq | null |
Technically, any redox reaction can be set up to make a what? | [
"Black Cell",
"skaht cell",
"voltaic cell",
"blocky cell"
] | C | Technically, any redox reaction can be set up to make a voltaic cell. In modern society, however, only certain redox reactions are put to practical use. A portable voltaic cell that generates electricity to power devices for our convenience is called a battery. All batteries are based on redox reactions. The first batt... | train | sciq | null |
What percentage of all species that ever lived on earth have gone extinct? | [
"25%",
"99%",
"93 %",
"50%"
] | B | Over 99 percent of all species that ever lived on Earth have gone extinct. Five mass extinctions are recorded in the fossil record. They were caused by major geologic and climatic events. Evidence shows that a sixth mass extinction is occurring now. Unlike previous mass extinctions, the sixth extinction is due to human... | train | sciq | null |
What is the diffusion of water known as? | [
"electrolysis",
"hemostasis",
"osmosis",
"evaporation"
] | C | Osmosis is the special case of the diffusion of water. It's an important means of transport in cells because the fluid inside and outside cells is mostly water. Water can pass through the cell membrane by simple diffusion, but it can happen more quickly with the help of channel proteins. Water moves in or out of a cell... | train | sciq | null |
What is it called when plants release water vapor through their leaves? | [
"photosynthesis",
"eutrophication",
"transpiration",
"evaporation"
] | C | Transpiration is like evaporation because it changes liquid water to water vapor. In transpiration, plants release water vapor through their leaves ( Figure below ). This water vapor rises into the atmosphere. | train | sciq | null |
Earth goes through regular changes in its position relative to? | [
"the sun",
"the moon",
"mars",
"saturn"
] | A | Earth goes through regular changes in its position relative to the Sun. Its orbit changes slightly. Earth also wobbles on its axis of rotation. The planet also changes the tilt on its axis. These changes can affect Earth’s temperature. | train | sciq | null |
A symporter carries how many different molecules or ions in the same direction? | [
"four",
"one",
"two",
"three"
] | C | Figure 5.17 A uniporter carries one molecule or ion. A symporter carries two different molecules or ions, both in the same direction. An antiporter also carries two different molecules or ions, but in different directions. (credit: modification of work by “Lupask”/Wikimedia Commons). | train | sciq | null |
Large amounts of fuel are stored in skeletal muscles, adipose tissues and what organ? | [
"liver",
"spleen",
"kidney",
"skin"
] | A | train | sciq | null | |
Intrusive igneous rocks cool from magma slowly in the crust and have large what? | [
"pores",
"coal deposits",
"atoms",
"crystals"
] | D | Intrusive igneous rocks cool from magma slowly in the crust. They have large crystals. | train | sciq | null |
What is the term used for the ability of salamanders to grow back lost limbs and other body parts? | [
"regeneration",
"expansion",
"extraction",
"transformation"
] | A | Salamanders are carnivorous , eating only other animals, not plants. They will eat almost any smaller animal, such as worms, centipedes, crickets, spiders, and slugs. Some will even eat small invertebrates. Finally, salamanders have the ability to grow back lost limbs, as well as other body parts. This process is known... | train | sciq | null |
A winter storm is called what? | [
"gale",
"snow storm",
"blizzard",
"tempest"
] | C | A storm is an episode of severe weather caused by a major disturbance in the atmosphere. Storms can vary a lot in the time they last and in how severe they are. A storm may last for less than an hour or for more than a week. It may affect just a few square kilometers or thousands. Some storms are harmless and some are ... | train | sciq | null |
The trochophre, a unique larval form, is found in the life cycle of which animal classification. | [
"sharks",
"mollusks",
"eels",
"coral"
] | B | Mollusks reproduce sexually. Most species have separate male and female sexes. Gametes are released into the mantle cavity. Fertilization may be internal or external, depending on the species. Fertilized eggs develop into larvae. There may be one or more larval stages. Each one is different from the adult stage. Mollus... | train | sciq | null |
Within organs, arteries branch into what small vessels that convey blood to the capillaries? | [
"arterioles",
"blood valves",
"Metarterioles",
"aeortic vessels"
] | A | train | sciq | null | |
Diamond is extremely hard because of the strong bonding between ______ in all directions? | [
"consistent atoms",
"carbon atoms",
"hydrogen atoms",
"liquid atoms"
] | B | Figure 10.43 Diamond is extremely hard because of the strong bonding between carbon atoms in all directions. Graphite (in pencil lead) rubs off onto paper due to the weak attractions between the carbon layers. An image of a graphite surface shows the distance between the centers of adjacent carbon atoms. (credit left p... | train | sciq | null |
Vertebrates. from the smallest of fish to us. one of the main features we all have in common is our what? | [
"warm blood",
"laying eggs",
"hair",
"backbone"
] | D | Vertebrates. From the smallest of fish to us. One of the main features we all have in common is our backbone. Vertebrates describes main biological features of fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. | train | sciq | null |
The fight or flight response and similar responses are controlled by what part of the nervous system? | [
"spinal cord",
"central nervous system",
"autonomous",
"cells"
] | C | Image copyright CREATISTA, 2014. The autonomous nervous system controls responses such as fight or flight . Used under license from Shutterstock. com. | train | sciq | null |
Deposition refers to when a gas changes to what state? | [
"half liquid half gas",
"plasma",
"solid",
"liquid"
] | C | Deposition is the change of state from a gas to a solid. | train | sciq | null |
Nuclear changes occur with a simultaneous release of what, and a slight drop in mass? | [
"energy",
"hydrogen",
"oil",
"mineral"
] | A | Nuclear changes occur with a simultaneous release of energy. Where does this energy come from? If we could precisely measure the masses of the reactants and the products of a nuclear reaction, we would notice that the amount of mass drops slightly in the conversion from reactants to products. Consider the following nuc... | train | sciq | null |
The way of learning that involves reward and punishment is called? | [
"pressure",
"mixed",
"conditioning",
"foolish"
] | C | Conditioning is a way of learning that involves a reward or punishment. If you ever trained a dog to obey a command, you probably gave the dog a tasty treat each time he performed the desired behavior. It may not have been very long before the dog would reliably follow the command in order to get the treat. This is an ... | train | sciq | null |
The sodium-potassium pump is an active transport pump that exchanges sodium ions for what? | [
"oxygen ions",
"chlorine ions",
"potassium ions",
"nitrogen ions"
] | C | The sodium-potassium pump is an active transport pump that exchanges sodium ions for potassium ions. | train | sciq | null |
Mass multiplied by velocity equals what force? | [
"kinetic energy",
"bounce",
"inertia",
"momentum"
] | D | - Momentum equals mass multiplied by velocity. It is a vector, direction must be considered. Always define a positive direction and be consistent. | train | sciq | null |
How many years ago did early amniotes diverge into two groups? | [
"20 million years",
".416 million years",
"320 million years",
".175 million years"
] | C | By about 320 million years ago, early amniotes had diverged into two groups, called synapsids and sauropsids. Synapsids were amniotes that eventually gave rise to mammals. Sauropsids were amniotes that evolved into reptiles, dinosaurs, and birds. The two groups of amniotes differed in their skulls. The earliest known r... | train | sciq | null |
The intensity or rate of radiation emission _________ with temperature? | [
"increases",
"decreases",
"does not vary",
"randomly fluctuates"
] | A | Figure 29.3 Graphs of blackbody radiation (from an ideal radiator) at three different radiator temperatures. The intensity or rate of radiation emission increases dramatically with temperature, and the peak of the spectrum shifts toward the visible and ultraviolet parts of the spectrum. The shape of the spectrum cannot... | train | sciq | null |
For the most part, cognitive functions reside where? | [
"the limbic system",
"the spine",
"the heart",
"the cortex"
] | D | train | sciq | null | |
What is the term for the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels? | [
"blood pressure",
"blood energy",
"heart pressure",
"circulation pressure"
] | A | The force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels is called blood pressure . Blood pressure is highest in arteries and lowest in veins. When you have your blood pressure checked, it is the blood pressure in arteries that is measured. High blood pressure, or hypertension , is a serious health risk but... | train | sciq | null |
What does the precise pattern of a crystal depend on? | [
"chance",
"age",
"mass",
"compound"
] | D | A crystal contains a three-dimensional array of alternating positive and negative ions. The precise pattern depends on the compound. A crystal of sodium chloride, shown here, is a collection of alternating sodium and chlorine ions. | train | sciq | null |
Learning to get used to something after being exposed to it for a while is associated with what kind of learning? | [
"association",
"habituation",
"assimilation",
"dissociation"
] | B | Habituation is learning to get used to something after being exposed to it for a while. Habituation usually involves getting used to something that is annoying or frightening, but not dangerous. Habituation is one of the simplest ways of learning. It occurs in just about every species of animal. | train | sciq | null |
Is the digestive tract of many sharks longer or shorter than many other vertebrates? | [
"shorter",
"longer",
"heavier",
"narrower"
] | A | train | sciq | null | |
In the case of the thyroid hormone pathway, thyroid hormone itself carries out what kind of feedback? | [
"positive",
"effective",
"negative",
"continued"
] | C | train | sciq | null | |
What increases the size of a population's gene pool? | [
"mutations",
"microbes",
"mass extinction",
"natural selection"
] | A | A gene pool is the complete set of unique alleles in a species or population. Mutations create variation in the gene pool. Populations with a large gene pool are said to be genetically diverse and very robust. They are able to survive intense times of natural selection against certain phenotypes. During these times of ... | train | sciq | null |
The heart and the arteries and veins are associated with what system of the body? | [
"cardiovascular",
"metabolism",
"respiration",
"digestion"
] | A | Cardiovascular System: Arteriosclerosis Compliance allows an artery to expand when blood is pumped through it from the heart, and then to recoil after the surge has passed. This helps promote blood flow. In arteriosclerosis, compliance is reduced, and pressure and resistance within the vessel increase. This is a leadin... | train | sciq | null |
What do scientists believe are the oldest eukaryotes? | [
"prokaryotes",
"arthropods",
"worms",
"protists"
] | D | Scientists think that protists are the oldest eukaryotes. They most likely evolved from prokaryotic cells, as explained by the endosymbiotic theory. This theory is well-supported by evidence. | train | sciq | null |
What are used to balance chemical equations? | [
"densities",
"outputs",
"coefficients",
"isotopes"
] | C | Coefficients are used to balance chemical equations. A coefficient is a number placed in front of a chemical symbol or formula. It shows how many atoms or molecules of the substance are involved in the reaction. | train | sciq | null |
Endothermic and exothermic reactions differ in whether the products or reactants store more of what? | [
"Motion energy",
"Thermal energy",
"Kinetic Energy",
"chemical energy"
] | D | A: The energy is stored in the bonds of the products as chemical energy. In an endothermic reaction, the products have more stored chemical energy than the reactants. This is represented by the graph on the left in the Figure below . In an exothermic reaction, the opposite is true. The products have less stored chemica... | train | sciq | null |
What is the conversion of metals from their ores to more useful forms called? | [
"metallurgy",
"nanotechnology",
"crystallography",
"thermodynamics"
] | A | Summary The conversion of metals from their ores to more useful forms is calledmetallurgy, which consists of three general steps: mining, separation and concentration, and reduction. Settling and flotation are separation methods based on differences in density, whereas pyrometallurgy is based on a chemical reduction at... | train | sciq | null |
What is the predominant stage in the life cycle of most scyphozoans? | [
"hydra",
"medusa",
"spore",
"gamete"
] | B | train | sciq | null | |
The reaction of an alkyl halide with an inorganic hydroxide base at elevated temperature produces what? | [
"methane",
"an alcohol",
"yeast",
"blood"
] | B | The reaction of an alkyl halide with an inorganic hydroxide base at elevated temperature produces an alcohol. The molecular reaction to produce methanol from iodomethane and sodium hydroxide is shown below. | train | sciq | null |
What sequence is the primary structure of a protein? | [
"nucleic acid sequence",
"amino acid sequence",
"proteins acid sequence",
"processed acid sequence"
] | B | The amino acid sequence is the primary structure of a protein. As explained in Figure below , a protein may have up to four levels of structure, from primary to quaternary. The complex structure of a protein allows it to carry out its biological functions. | train | sciq | null |
What are used to lift large masses of magnetic materials such as scrap iron, rolls of steel, and auto parts? | [
"electromagnets",
"Tape",
"Glue",
"screws"
] | A | Electromagnets find use in many practical applications. Electromagnets are used to lift large masses of magnetic materials such as scrap iron, rolls of steel, and auto parts. | train | sciq | null |
Carbon behaves as a metal because it conducts which two things well? | [
"heat and magnetism",
"heat and electricity",
"heat and water",
"electricity and oxygen"
] | B | Carbon behaves as a metal because it conducts heat and electricity well. It is a nonmetal because it is black and brittle and cannot be made into sheets or wires. | train | sciq | null |
What is the first direct action of growth hormone? | [
"stimulation of monoglyceride breakdown",
"stimulation of monoglyceride production",
"stimulation of triglyceride production",
"stimulation of triglyceride breakdown"
] | D | Hormonal Regulation of Growth Hormonal regulation is required for the growth and replication of most cells in the body. Growth hormone (GH), produced by the anterior portion of the pituitary gland, accelerates the rate of protein synthesis, particularly in skeletal muscle and bones. Growth hormone has direct and indire... | train | sciq | null |
What contains the spore-forming asci? | [
"the ascocarps",
"flagella",
"mushroom cap",
"sporozoa"
] | A | train | sciq | null | |
Fruit fly and brine shrimp hox genes have evolved independently for how long? | [
"60.000 million years",
"100.32 million years",
"one billion",
"400 million years"
] | D | train | sciq | null | |
Yolk is a very fragile substance found in the eggs of reptiles and needs protection. what serves as protection for the yolk? | [
"dish sac",
"yolk sac",
"eye sac",
"fish sac"
] | B | train | sciq | null | |
What do tadpoles change into? | [
"adult frogs",
"reptiles",
"mud puppies",
"toads"
] | A | Tadpoles go through many changes to become adult frogs. | train | sciq | null |
Earthworms and segmented worms belong to what phylum? | [
"annelida",
"nematoda",
"protazoa",
"bryozoa"
] | A | The phylum Annelida is made up of segmented worms such as earthworms . Segmented worms are divided into many repeating segments. There are roughly 15,000 species of annelids. Most belong to one of three classes. A species in each class is pictured in Figure below . See The Cambrian Explosion at http://www. pbs. org/kce... | train | sciq | null |
What are most stis caused by? | [
"bacteria",
"viruses",
"parasites",
"vaccines"
] | A | Many STIs are caused by bacteria. Some of the most common bacterial STIs are chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. Bacterial STIs can be cured with antibiotics. | train | sciq | null |
What is the term for matter that does not let any light pass through it, whether it absorbs light, reflects light, or does both? | [
"opaque",
"artificial",
"obscene",
"devoid"
] | A | Opaque matter is matter that does not let any light pass through it. Matter may be opaque because it absorbs light, reflects light, or does both. Examples of opaque objects are solid wooden doors and glass mirrors. A wooden door absorbs most of the light that strikes it and reflects just a few wavelengths of visible li... | train | sciq | null |
Rain dissolves fertilizer in the soil, what carries it away? | [
"runoff?",
"fossils",
"carbon ?",
"clouds"
] | A | Rain dissolves fertilizer in the soil. Runoff carries it away. The fertilizer ends up in bodies of water, from ponds to oceans. Nitrogen is a fertilizer in the water. Since there is a lot of nitrogen, it causes algae to grow out of control. Pictured below is a pond covered with algae ( Figure below ). Algae use up carb... | train | sciq | null |
Each vertebral body has a large hole in the center through which the nerves of what pass? | [
"steering cord",
"layers cord",
"Brain Cord",
"spinal cord"
] | D | Each vertebral body has a large hole in the center through which the nerves of the spinal cord pass. There is also a notch on each side through which the spinal nerves, which serve the body at that level, can exit from the spinal cord. The vertebral column is approximately 71 cm (28 inches) in adult male humans and is ... | train | sciq | null |
Rust consists of oxides of what element? | [
"Gold",
"Aluminum",
"Copper",
"iron"
] | D | Rust is a combination of several different oxides of iron. The equations below show the steps involved in one of the many processes of rust formation. | train | sciq | null |
Rising air currents carry water vapor into what? | [
"ionosphere",
"troposphere",
"stratosphere",
"atmosphere"
] | D | Rising air currents carry water vapor into the atmosphere. As the water vapor rises in the atmosphere, it cools and condenses. Condensation is the process in which water vapor changes to tiny droplets of liquid water. The water droplets may form clouds. If the droplets get big enough, they fall as precipitation —rain, ... | train | sciq | null |
Echinoderms have what type of body symmetry? | [
"radial symmetry",
"Reflectional symmetry",
"Translational symmetry",
"Rotational symmetry"
] | A | Echinoderms are marine organisms that make up the phylum Echinodermata. They can be found in the ocean from the equator to the poles. There are roughly 6000 living species of echinoderms. They are among the most distinctive organisms within the animal kingdom. Members of the phylum include sea stars (starfish), sand do... | train | sciq | null |
What is used during filtration to push fluids and solutes, from higher pressure areas to lower pressure areas? | [
"hydrostatic pressure gradient",
"constructs pressure gradient",
"limited pressure gradient",
"magnesium pressure gradient"
] | A | Another mechanism besides diffusion to passively transport materials between compartments is filtration. Unlike diffusion of a substance from where it is more concentrated to less concentrated, filtration uses a hydrostatic pressure gradient that pushes the fluid—and the solutes within it—from a higher pressure area to... | train | sciq | null |
How many pathways do plants have for carbon fixation? | [
"three",
"one",
"four",
"two"
] | A | Plants have evolved three pathways for carbon fixation. The most common pathway combines one molecule of CO 2 with a 5-carbon sugar called ribulose biphosphate (RuBP). The enzyme which catalyzes this reaction, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (nicknamed RuBisCo ), is the most abundant enzyme on earth! Th... | train | sciq | null |
What type of substance is any matter that has a fixed chemical composition and characteristic properties? | [
"physical substance",
"pure chemical substance",
"versatile chemical substance",
"seawater chemical substance"
] | B | Pure Substances and Mixtures A pure chemical substance is any matter that has a fixed chemical composition and characteristic properties. Oxygen, for example, is a pure chemical substance that is a colorless, odorless gas at 25°C. Very few samples of matter consist of pure substances; instead, most are mixtures, which ... | train | sciq | null |
Where are sperm produced in the process of spermatogenesis? | [
"testes",
"penis",
"intestines",
"ovaries"
] | A | Sperm are produced in the testes in the process of spermatogenesis. They mature in the epididymes before being ejaculated from the body through the penis. | train | sciq | null |
What type of energy does chemosynthesis use to make food? | [
"CHEMICAL energy",
"carbon energy",
"chemical energy",
"GRAVITATIONAL energy"
] | C | Some bacterial autotrophs make food using chemosynthesis. This process uses chemical energy instead of light energy to produce food. | train | sciq | null |
The polymerase chain reaction is a way of making copies of what? | [
"a gene",
"a method",
"an enzyme",
"a form"
] | A | The polymerase chain reaction is a way of making copies of a gene. It uses high temperatures and an enzyme to make new DNA molecules. The process keeps cycling to make many copies of a gene. | train | sciq | null |
Energy transfer between what kinds of levels is generally rather inefficient? | [
"secondary",
"apex",
"trophic",
"producer"
] | C | 55.3 Energy transfer between trophic levels is typically only 10% efficient. | train | sciq | null |
What kind of conditions are often inherited as simple recessive traits? | [
"genetic disorders",
"genetic neurotransmitters",
"genetic ratios",
"genetic diversivers"
] | A | train | sciq | null | |
Without dinoflagellate symbionts, corals lose algal pigments in a process called coral bleaching and eventually die, while corals in turn provide protection, making this what type of relationship?. | [
"semantic",
"idealistic",
"symbiotic",
"parasitic"
] | C | Primary Producers/Food Sources Protists are essential sources of nutrition for many other organisms. In some cases, as in plankton, protists are consumed directly. Alternatively, photosynthetic protists serve as producers of nutrition for other organisms. For instance, photosynthetic dinoflagellates called zooxanthella... | train | sciq | null |
What is the type of reproduction where part of the parent plant is used to generate a new plant? | [
"sexual reproduction",
"coaxed reproduction",
"byproduct reproduction",
"asexual reproduction"
] | D | 32.3 Asexual Reproduction Many plants reproduce asexually as well as sexually. In asexual reproduction, part of the parent plant is used to generate a new plant. Grafting, layering, and micropropagation are some methods used for artificial asexual reproduction. The new plant is genetically identical to the parent plant... | train | sciq | null |
What is the name of the wind belt nearest the equator? | [
"doldrums",
"tropical gusts",
"cyclones",
"trade winds"
] | D | The wind belts have names. The Trade Winds are nearest the Equator. The next belt is the westerlies. Finally are the polar easterlies. The names are the same in both hemispheres. | train | sciq | null |
What two phases does the cell cycle consist of? | [
"interphase and mitotic",
"antecedent and mitotic",
"mitosis and mitotic",
"outerphase and mitotic"
] | A | Figure 10.5 The cell cycle consists of interphase and the mitotic phase. During interphase, the cell grows and the nuclear DNA is duplicated. Interphase is followed by the mitotic phase. During the mitotic phase, the duplicated chromosomes are segregated and distributed into daughter nuclei. The cytoplasm is usually di... | train | sciq | null |
Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers are called what? | [
"organisms",
"isotopes",
"reactions",
"tropes"
] | B | Nuclear chemistry is the study of reactions that involve changes in nuclear structure. The chapter on atoms, molecules, and ions introduced the basic idea of nuclear structure, that the nucleus of an atom is composed of protons and, with the exception of 11 H, neutrons. Recall that the number of protons in the nucleus ... | train | sciq | null |
Sphenodontia sphenodontia (“wedge tooth”) arose in the mesozoic era and includes only one of what? | [
"inner genus",
"living genus",
"outside genus",
"traveling genus"
] | B | Sphenodontia Sphenodontia (“wedge tooth”) arose in the Mesozoic era and includes only one living genus, Tuatara, comprising two species that are found in New Zealand (Figure 29.26). Tuataras measure up to 80 centimeters and weigh about 1 kilogram. Although quite lizard-like in gross appearance, several unique features ... | train | sciq | null |
In a heterozygote with one dominant and one recessive allele, which is expressed? | [
"dominant allele",
"submissive allele",
"dominant atoms",
"dominant elements"
] | A | The expression of an organism's genotype is called its phenotype . The phenotype refers to the organism's traits, such as purple or white flowers. Different genotypes may produce the same phenotype. This will be the case if one allele is dominant to the other. Both BB and Bb genotypes in Table 6.1 have purple flowers. ... | train | sciq | null |
Any sound with a frequency above the highest audible frequency is defined as what, a phenomenon useful in medical diagnosis and therapy? | [
"ultrasound",
"extrasound",
"laser",
"radiation"
] | A | Any sound with a frequency above 20,000 Hz (or 20 kHz)—that is, above the highest audible frequency—is defined to be ultrasound. In practice, it is possible to create ultrasound frequencies up to more than a gigahertz. (Higher frequencies are difficult to create; furthermore, they propagate poorly because they are very... | train | sciq | null |
Which organ secretes estrogen? | [
"the testes",
"the thyroid",
"the ovaries",
"the kidney"
] | C | The ovaries release the eggs and secrete estrogen. | train | sciq | null |
Water-soluble carboxylic acids ionize slightly in water to form these? | [
"very acidic solutions",
"solvents",
"nonacidic solutions",
"moderately acidic solutions"
] | D | Water-soluble carboxylic acids ionize slightly in water to form moderately acidic solutions. | train | sciq | null |
Which kind of irrigation uses much less water than other methods? | [
"drip",
"constant",
"mist",
"solar"
] | A | Drip irrigation uses much less water than other methods. | train | sciq | null |
Fishes were the earliest example of what subphylum, and jawless fishes were the earliest of these? | [
"mammals",
"vertebrates",
"grasses",
"ferns"
] | B | Fishes Modern fishes include an estimated 31,000 species. Fishes were the earliest vertebrates, and jawless fishes were the earliest of these. Jawless fishes—the present day hagfishes and lampreys—have a distinct cranium and complex sense organs including eyes, distinguishing them from the invertebrate chordates. The j... | train | sciq | null |
What three things do animals require in order to survive? | [
"air, water, food",
"Immunity, blood, water",
"Sex, Love, Food",
"Shelter, Food and love"
] | A | train | sciq | null | |
What is broken during catabolic reactions, such as the breakdown of complex carbohydrates into simple sugars? | [
"forms",
"bonds",
"metals",
"ions"
] | B | Catabolic reactions involve breaking bonds. Larger molecules are broken down to smaller ones. For example, complex carbohydrates are broken down to simple sugars. Catabolic reactions release energy, so they are exothermic. | train | sciq | null |
The actual amount (mass) of gasoline left in the tank when the gauge hits “empty” is a lot less in the summer than in the winter. the gasoline has the same volume as it does in the winter when the “add fuel” light goes on, but because the gasoline has expanded, there is what? | [
"lower gravity",
"less mass",
"more mass",
"same mass"
] | B | Making Connections: Real-World Connections—Filling the Tank Differences in the thermal expansion of materials can lead to interesting effects at the gas station. One example is the dripping of gasoline from a freshly filled tank on a hot day. Gasoline starts out at the temperature of the ground under the gas station, w... | train | sciq | null |
What do you call pure substances with unique properties? | [
"arrangements",
"originals",
"elements",
"structures"
] | C | Elements are pure substances with unique properties. There are more than 100 different elements (92 of which occur naturally). The smallest particles of elements are atoms. | train | sciq | null |
What is the large muscle that extends across the bottom of the chest below the lungs called? | [
"abdomen",
"uterus",
"pectoral",
"diaphragm"
] | D | Mammals breathe with the help of a diaphragm . This is the large muscle that extends across the bottom of the chest below the lungs. When the diaphragm contracts, it increases the volume of the chest. This decreases pressure on the lungs and allows air to flow in. When the diaphragm relaxes, it decreases the volume of ... | train | sciq | null |
What is less dense then either solids or liquids? | [
"gases",
"ice",
"dark matter",
"plasma"
] | A | Gases are less dense that either solids or liquids. | train | sciq | null |
What is the term for a mountain-building event? | [
"orogeny",
"volcanism",
"glaciation",
"erosion"
] | A | A mountain-building event is called an orogeny . Orogenies take place over tens or hundreds of millions of years. Continents smash into each other. Microcontinents and island arcs smash into continents. All of these events cause mountains to rise. | train | sciq | null |
A multiaxial ball-and-socket joint has much more mobility than a what hinge joint? | [
"triaxial",
"uniaxial",
"quadaxial",
"biaxial"
] | B | 9.6 | Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Describe the bones that articulate together to form selected synovial joints • Discuss the movements available at each joint • Describe the structures that support and prevent excess movements at each joint Each synovial joint ... | train | sciq | null |
Meiosis and mitosis are both preceded by one round of what? | [
"dna replication",
"cellular respiration",
"internal fertilization",
"germination"
] | A | Figure 11.7 Meiosis and mitosis are both preceded by one round of DNA replication; however, meiosis includes two nuclear divisions. The four daughter cells resulting from meiosis are haploid and genetically distinct. The daughter cells resulting from mitosis are diploid and identical to the parent cell. | train | sciq | null |
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