question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
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Melting ice and grinding wood into sawdust are examples of what? | [
"reversible changes",
"unpredictable changes",
"chemical changes",
"physical changes"
] | D | Melting ice and grinding wood into sawdust are examples of physical changes. | train | sciq | null |
In humans and other multicellular organisms, different types of what basic structures are specialized for specific jobs? | [
"lipids",
"organs",
"proteins",
"cells"
] | D | Different types of cells in the human body are specialized for specific jobs. Do you know the functions of any of the cell types shown here?. | train | sciq | null |
How much unpolarized light does a polarized filter block? | [
"50%",
"60 %",
"100%",
"40 %"
] | A | Polarized filters block 50% of unpolarized light. If two filters are oriented so that their polarization axes are aligned, how much light is transmitted? What about if their axes are oriented perpendicular to each other? Draw two diagrams below to support your answers. | train | sciq | null |
What is the term for cellular eating? | [
"ancylosis",
"consumption",
"Pinocytosis",
"phagocytosis"
] | D | Phagocytosis , or cellular eating, occurs when the dissolved materials enter the cell. The plasma membrane engulfs the solid material, forming a phagocytic vesicle. | train | sciq | null |
Genes are used to make mrna by the process of transcription; mrna is used to synthesize proteins by the process of what? | [
"moderation",
"translation",
"production",
"modification"
] | B | 9.4 Translation The central dogma describes the flow of genetic information in the cell from genes to mRNA to proteins. Genes are used to make mRNA by the process of transcription; mRNA is used to synthesize proteins by the process of translation. The genetic code is the correspondence between the three-nucleotide mRNA... | train | sciq | null |
What is the most important way that humans communicate? | [
"inheritance",
"language",
"painting",
"instinct"
] | B | The most important way that humans communicate is with language. Language is the use of symbols to communicate. In human languages, the symbols are words. Words may stand for things, people, actions, feelings, or ideas. By combining words in sentences, language can be used to express very complex thoughts. | train | sciq | null |
Somatic, autonomic, and enteric structures are part of what system? | [
"circulatory system",
"nervous system",
"circulatory system",
"adrenal system"
] | B | Figure 12.6 Somatic, Autonomic, and Enteric Structures of the Nervous System Somatic structures include the spinal nerves, both motor and sensory fibers, as well as the sensory ganglia (posterior root ganglia and cranial nerve ganglia). Autonomic structures are found in the nerves also, but include the sympathetic and ... | train | sciq | null |
Duckweed and cattails serve what role in the food chain in freshwater biomes? | [
"primary consumer",
"tertiary consumer",
"primary producer",
"secondary consumer"
] | C | Duckweed: Jonathan Jordan; Cattails: User:JoJan/Wikimedia Commons. Duckweed and cattails are respectively the primary producers in standing and running freshwater biomes . Duckweed: CC BY 2.0; Cattails: CC BY 3.0. | train | sciq | null |
If humans were to artificially intervene and fertilize the egg of a bald eagle with the sperm of an african fish eagle and a chick did hatch, that offspring, called a hybrid (a cross between two species), would probably be this? | [
"nonviable",
"fertile",
"infertile",
"mutated"
] | C | In other cases, individuals may appear similar although they are not members of the same species. For example, even though bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and African fish eagles (Haliaeetus vocifer) are both birds and eagles, each belongs to a separate species group (Figure 18.10). If humans were to artificiall... | train | sciq | null |
What causes lightning during a thunderstorm? | [
"difference in wind",
"difference in elevation",
"difference in charge",
"difference in temperature"
] | C | During a thunderstorm, some parts of a thunderhead become negatively charged. Other parts become positively charged. The difference in charge creates lightning. Lightning is a huge release of electricity. Lightning can jump between oppositely charged parts of the same cloud, between one cloud and another, or between a ... | train | sciq | null |
The human heart is located within what cavity? | [
"pelvic",
"abdominal",
"thoracic",
"spinal"
] | C | Location of the Heart The human heart is located within the thoracic cavity, medially between the lungs in the space known as the mediastinum. Figure 19.2 shows the position of the heart within the thoracic cavity. Within the mediastinum, the heart is separated from the other mediastinal structures by a tough membrane ... | train | sciq | null |
What is the name of the symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits while the other species is not affected? | [
"commensalism",
"pollenation",
"mutualism",
"differentiation"
] | A | Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits while the other species is not affected. One species typically uses the other for a purpose other than food. For example, mites attach themselves to larger flying insects to get a “free ride. ” Hermit crabs use the shells of dead snails for homes. | train | sciq | null |
Living things need to take in nutrients so that they can grow and create what? | [
"hydrogen",
"protein",
"plasma",
"energy"
] | D | train | sciq | null | |
Common forms of what include light, chemical and heat, along with kinetic and potential? | [
"energy",
"reactions",
"fuel",
"pressure"
] | A | Energy can take several different forms. Common forms of energy include light, chemical, and heat energy. Other common forms are kinetic and potential energy. | train | sciq | null |
What is the job of hemoglobin in the body? | [
"transports oxygen",
"become scabs",
"transports neurons",
"infects oxygen"
] | A | Hemoglobin is a protein that transports oxygen throughout the body. Source: Image from the RCSB PDB (www. org) of PDB ID 1I3D (R. Kidd, H. Baker, A. Mathews, T. Brittain, E. Baker (2001) Oligomerization and ligand binding in a homotetrameric hemoglobin: two high-resolution crystal structures of hemoglobin Bart's (gamma... | train | sciq | null |
What are the most numerous and diverse biochemical compounds? | [
"proteins",
"lipids",
"acids",
"vitamins"
] | A | Proteins are the most numerous and diverse biochemical compounds. They have many different functions. | train | sciq | null |
Loss of what eventually threatens other species not impacted directly, because of their interconnectedness; as species disappear from an ecosystem others are threatened by changes in available resources? | [
"climate",
"technology",
"oxygen",
"biodiversity"
] | D | Community Dynamics Community dynamics are the changes in community structure and composition over time. Sometimes these changes are induced by environmental disturbances such as volcanoes, earthquakes, storms, fires, and climate change. Communities with a stable structure are said to be at equilibrium. Following a dist... | train | sciq | null |
How many centimeters are in a meter? | [
"1000",
"200",
"100",
"50"
] | C | 500. mm is equivalent to 0.5 m. | train | sciq | null |
What is the term of a phase change if solid water has it's average kinetic energy increased to change it to liquid water? | [
"melting",
"boiling",
"freezing",
"evaporation"
] | A | Problem-Solving Strategies for the Effects of Heat Transfer 1. Examine the situation to determine that there is a change in the temperature or phase. Is there heat transfer into or out of the system? When the presence or absence of a phase change is not obvious, you may wish to first solve the problem as if there were ... | train | sciq | null |
What type of animals are known for being playful and frisky? | [
"giant tortoises",
"sea otters",
"snakes",
"cows"
] | B | Sea otters are known for being playful and frisky. They are serious eaters, however! A major part of a sea otter's diet are echinoderms, such as sea urchins. They manage to eat the soft part of the sea urchins while avoiding the huge sea urchin spines. | train | sciq | null |
Virtually all of the effects of pregnancy can be attributed in some way to the influence of what? | [
"enzymes",
"acids",
"hormones",
"proteins"
] | C | Effects of Hormones Virtually all of the effects of pregnancy can be attributed in some way to the influence of hormones—particularly estrogens, progesterone, and hCG. During weeks 7–12 from the LMP, the pregnancy hormones are primarily generated by the corpus luteum. Progesterone secreted by the corpus luteum stimulat... | train | sciq | null |
A mass suspended by a wire is a simple type of what and undergoes simple harmonic motion for amplitudes less than about 15 degrees? | [
"variation",
"gravity",
"weight",
"pendulum"
] | D | 16.4 The Simple Pendulum • A mass m suspended by a wire of length L is a simple pendulum and undergoes simple harmonic motion for amplitudes less than about 15º. The period of a simple pendulum is. | train | sciq | null |
The structure of the gas carbon dioxide consists of one atom of carbon and two atoms of what? | [
"oxygen",
"Helium",
"sulfur",
"methane"
] | A | Another example is carbon dioxide. This gas is produced from a variety of reactions, often by the burning of materials. The structure of the gas consists of one atom of carbon and two atoms of oxygen. Carbon dioxide production is of interest in many areas, from the amount we breather out to the amount of the gas produc... | train | sciq | null |
What type of numerical figure is important in considering the precision and accuracy of a number? | [
"significant",
"exponent",
"insignificant",
"component"
] | A | Next, we identify the least precise measurement: 13.7 kg. This measurement is expressed to the 0.1 decimal place, so our final answer must also be expressed to the 0.1 decimal place. Thus, the answer is rounded to the tenths place, giving us 15.2 kg. Significant Figures in this Text In this text, most numbers are assum... | train | sciq | null |
What rod provides stiffness to counterbalance the pull of muscles? | [
"notochord",
"vertebrae",
"spinal cord",
"mesoderm"
] | A | The notochord lies between the dorsal nerve cord and the digestive tract. It provides stiffness to counterbalance the pull of muscles. | train | sciq | null |
What type of cell does the sperm cell fertilize? | [
"protein",
"fat",
"egg",
"bacteria"
] | C | Together with random fertilization, more possibilities for genetic variation exist between any two people than the number of individuals alive today. Sexual reproduction is the random fertilization of a gamete from the female using a gamete from the male. In humans, over 8 million (2 23 ) chromosome combinations exist ... | train | sciq | null |
Where does the most important monsoon in the world occur? | [
"northern africa",
"eastern aisa",
"the atlantic ocean",
"southern asia"
] | D | Monsoons are like land and sea breezes, but on a larger scale. They occur because of seasonal changes in the temperature of land and water. In the winter, they blow from land to water. In the summer, they blow from water to land. In regions that experience monsoons, the seawater offshore is extremely warm. The hot air ... | train | sciq | null |
What is the earliest reptile? | [
"hylonomus",
"staurikosaurus",
"pliosaur",
"sporozoans"
] | A | Earliest Reptile: Hylonomus. The earliest known reptile is given the genus name Hylonomus. It was about 20 to 30 centimeters (8 to 12 inches) long, lived in swamps, and ate insects and other small invertebrates. | train | sciq | null |
Which side of the heart does blood from the lungs enter into? | [
"right ventricle",
"right atrium",
"left atrium",
"left ventricle"
] | C | Blood from the lungs enters the left atrium of the heart. The left atrium pumps the blood to the left ventricle, which pumps it to the body. This loop is represented by the red arrows in Figure above . | train | sciq | null |
Smog is a visible form of what? | [
"oxidation",
"condensation",
"water pollution",
"air pollution"
] | D | Smog clouds the city of Los Angeles, California. Visible air pollution in the form of smog is a sign that the air is unhealthy. | train | sciq | null |
Which therapy uses viruses to genetically modify diseased cells and tissues? | [
"viral therapy",
"chemotherapy",
"digestive therapy",
"oxygen therapy"
] | A | In a similar fashion, viral therapy uses viruses to genetically modify diseased cells and tissues. Viral therapy shows promise as a method of gene therapy and in the treatment of cancer. Gene therapy is the insertion of genes into a person’s cells and tissues to treat a disease. In the case of a genetic disease, the de... | train | sciq | null |
Radiotherapy is effective against cancer because cancer cells reproduce rapidly and, consequently, are more sensitive to this? | [
"radiation",
"UV light",
"separation",
"destruction"
] | A | Radiotherapy is effective against cancer because cancer cells reproduce rapidly and, consequently, are more sensitive to radiation. The central problem in radiotherapy is to make the dose for cancer cells as high as possible while limiting the dose for normal cells. The ratio of abnormal cells killed to normal cells ki... | train | sciq | null |
What type of cells are multiple small spaces located in the right and left sides of the ethmoid bone? | [
"ethmoid air cells",
"ethmoid vacuoles",
"alveoli",
"amniotic sacs"
] | A | Figure 7.18 Paranasal Sinuses The paranasal sinuses are hollow, air-filled spaces named for the skull bone that each occupies. The most anterior is the frontal sinus, located in the frontal bone above the eyebrows. The largest are the maxillary sinuses, located in the right and left maxillary bones below the orbits. Th... | train | sciq | null |
When what element - whose name means "light bringing" - was first isolated, scientists noted that it glowed in the dark and burned when exposed to air? | [
"neon",
"oxygen",
"phosphorus",
"mercury"
] | C | Phosphorus The name phosphorus comes from the Greek words meaning light bringing. When phosphorus was first isolated, scientists noted that it glowed in the dark and burned when exposed to air. Phosphorus is the only member of its group that does not occur in the uncombined state in nature; it exists in many allotropic... | train | sciq | null |
Digestive enzymes secreted in the acidic environment (low ph) of the stomach help break down what? | [
"proteins",
"cells",
"molecules",
"particles"
] | A | Digestive enzymes secreted in the acidic environment (low pH) of the stomach help break down proteins into smaller molecules. The main digestive enzyme in the stomach is pepsin , which works best at a pH of about 1.5. These enzymes would not work optimally at other pHs. Trypsin is another enzyme in the digestive system... | train | sciq | null |
The majority of solids are what in nature? | [
"complex",
"liquids",
"gases",
"crystalline"
] | D | The majority of solids are crystalline in nature. A crystal is a substance in which the particles are arranged in an orderly, repeating, three-dimensional pattern. Particles of a solid crystal may be ions, atoms, or molecules, depending on the type of substance. The three-dimensional arrangement of a solid crystal is r... | train | sciq | null |
What are the most abundant unicellular algae in the oceans? | [
"staurikosaurus",
"sporozoans",
"chlorella",
"chryosophytes"
] | D | 22.11.4 Chryosophytes Chryosophytes are the most abundant unicellular algae in the oceans. They are also one of the biggest components of plankton, a free-floating collection of microorganisms, eggs, and larvae. As photosynthetic organisms, they produce a significant amount of atmospheric oxygen. The reproduction cycle... | train | sciq | null |
What term is used to describe the cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis? | [
"nuclei",
"chloroplasts",
"ribosomes",
"chromosomes"
] | C | Ribosomes Ribosomes are the cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis. When viewed through an electron microscope, free ribosomes appear as either clusters or single tiny dots floating freely in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes may be attached to either the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane or the cytoplasmic... | train | sciq | null |
What is the sun classified as on the main sequence? | [
"yellow dwarf",
"shrinking star",
"gas giant",
"red dwarf"
] | A | Producers create food energy. They are the base of all life on Earth. Most producers use photosynthesis but a very small number use chemosynthesis. | train | sciq | null |
The term science comes from a latin word that means? | [
"were knowledge",
"only knowledge",
"having information",
"having knowledge"
] | D | Understanding the "hows" and "whys" of the world is the goal of science. The term science comes from a Latin word that means "having knowledge. " But science is as much about adding to knowledge as it is about having knowledge. Science is a way of thinking as well as a set of facts. Science can be defined as a way of l... | train | sciq | null |
Lymph vessels, like veins, have what objects that prevent the backflow of fluid? | [
"pumps",
"pores",
"valves",
"fibers"
] | C | train | sciq | null | |
Veins subdivide repeatedly and branch throughout what? | [
"mesophyll",
"epidermis",
"stroma",
"periosteum"
] | A | train | sciq | null | |
What is the term for heat being transferred from molecule to molecule? | [
"convection",
"decomposition",
"conduction",
"oxidation"
] | C | In conduction, heat is transferred from molecule to molecule by contact. Warmer molecules vibrate faster than cooler ones. They bump into the cooler molecules. When they do they transfer some of their energy. Conduction happens mainly in the lower atmosphere. Can you explain why?. | train | sciq | null |
What is a group of organs that work together to do the same job? | [
"an organ assembly",
"an organ battery",
"an organ system",
"an organ colony"
] | C | Organs may be organized into organ systems. An organ system is a group of organs that work together to do the same job. For example, the heart is part of the cardiovascular system. This system also includes blood vessels and blood. The job of the cardiovascular system is to transport substances in blood to and from cel... | train | sciq | null |
What are specialized cells that are capable of sending electrical as well as chemical signals? | [
"neurons",
"enzymes",
"ions",
"hormones"
] | A | 16.6 Nervous System The nervous system is made up of neurons and glia. Neurons are specialized cells that are capable of sending electrical as well as chemical signals. Most neurons contain dendrites, which receive these signals, and axons that send signals to other neurons or tissues. Glia are non-neuronal cells in th... | train | sciq | null |
What did sir isaac newton's famous law help people understand? | [
"gravity",
"light",
"motion",
"radio waves"
] | A | People have known about gravity for thousands of years. After all, they constantly experienced gravity in their daily lives. They knew that things always fall toward the ground. However, it wasn’t until Sir Isaac Newton developed his law of gravity in the late 1600s that people really began to understand gravity. Newto... | train | sciq | null |
Compounds containing an atom of what element, bonded in a hydrocarbon framework, are classified as amines? | [
"ammonia",
"hydrogen",
"nitrogen",
"oxygen"
] | C | 20.2 Alcohols and Ethers Many organic compounds that are not hydrocarbons can be thought of as derivatives of hydrocarbons. A hydrocarbon derivative can be formed by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon by a functional group, which contains at least one atom of an element other than carbon or hydrogen.... | train | sciq | null |
What line of latitude is an equal distance from both the north and south poles? | [
"meridian",
"equator",
"divider",
"mid-part"
] | B | Lines of latitude circle around Earth. The Equator is a line of latitude right in the middle of the planet. Latitude is divided into degrees: 90° north of the Equator and 90° south of the Equator. One degree is subdivided into 60 minutes. One minute is subdivided into 60 seconds. The Equator is at 0°. The Equator is an... | train | sciq | null |
What type of graph is useful for showing percents of a whole? | [
"gnomic graphs",
"shift graphs",
"bar graphs",
"circle graphs"
] | D | Circle graphs are especially useful for showing percents of a whole. The circle graph in Figure below shows the percent of all vehicles counted that were of each type. | train | sciq | null |
What substances affect the brain and influence how a person feels, thinks, or acts? | [
"psychoactive drugs or drugs",
"H2 blockers",
"primeval drugs or drugs",
"amphetamines"
] | A | Psychoactive drugs affect the brain and influence how a person feels, thinks, or acts. They include medicines and other legal drugs as well as illegal drugs. They may stimulate or depress the central nervous system. Abuse of such drugs may lead to drug addiction, overdose, and death. | train | sciq | null |
The reaction rate usually increases as the concentration of what increases? | [
"generators",
"complexes",
"mutations",
"reactants"
] | D | Concentration Effects Two substances cannot possibly react with each other unless their constituent particles (molecules, atoms, or ions) come into contact. If there is no contact, the reaction rate will be zero. Conversely, the more reactant particles that collide per unit time, the more often a reaction between them ... | train | sciq | null |
Atoms are composed of negatively charged electrons and a positively charged what? | [
"bond",
"DNA segment",
"neutron",
"nucleus"
] | D | 30.2 Discovery of the Parts of the Atom: Electrons and Nuclei • Atoms are composed of negatively charged electrons, first proved to exist in cathode-ray-tube experiments, and a positively charged nucleus. • All electrons are identical and have a charge-to-mass ratio of. | train | sciq | null |
Communication is any way that animals share what? | [
"genes",
"water",
"food",
"information"
] | D | Communication is any way that animals share information. For animals that live in social groups, communication is essential. Animals may use a range of senses for communicating. The most important way that humans communicate is with language. | train | sciq | null |
What do the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract do? | [
"secrete stomach acid",
"break down food",
"keep food moving",
"stop digestion"
] | C | Organs of the GI tract are covered by muscles that contract to keep food moving along. A series of involuntary muscle contractions moves rapidly along the tract, like a wave travelling through a spring toy. The muscle contractions are called peristalsis. The diagram in Figure below shows how peristalsis works. | train | sciq | null |
What is the fan-like superior region that forms the largest part of the hip bone and is united to the sacrum at the largely immobile sacroiliac joint? | [
"spine",
"pica",
"septum",
"ilium"
] | D | The ilium is the fan-like, superior region that forms the largest part of the hip bone. It is firmly united to the sacrum at the largely immobile sacroiliac joint (see Figure 8.12). The ischium forms the posteroinferior region of each hip bone. It supports the body when sitting. The pubis forms the anterior portion of ... | train | sciq | null |
What do jellyfish lack in their nervous system? | [
"true brain",
"Response",
"Cortex",
"stimulus"
] | A | Nervous systems throughout the animal kingdom vary in structure and complexity, as illustrated by the variety of animals shown in Figure 35.2. Some organisms, like sea sponges, lack a true nervous system. Others, like jellyfish, lack a true brain and instead have a system of separate but connected nerve cells (neurons)... | train | sciq | null |
Ingestive protists extend their cell wall and cell membrane around the food item, forming a what? | [
"fuel vacuole",
"food pocket",
"protective bubble",
"food vacuole"
] | D | Ingestive protists ingest, or engulf, bacteria and other small particles. They extend their cell wall and cell membrane around the food item, forming a food vacuole . Then enzymes digest the food in the vacuole. | train | sciq | null |
What type of flowers offer no reward, such as nectar, to a male wasp? | [
"roses",
"perennials",
"ophrys",
"vines"
] | C | train | sciq | null | |
If an abnormal cell is not prevented from dividing and it divides uncontrollably, what forms? | [
"tumor",
"inflammation",
"edema",
"cyst"
] | A | In panel A, an abnormal cell (2) is prevented from dividing, and the abnormal cell dies (1). In panel B, an abnormal cell is not prevented from dividing. Instead, it divides uncontrollably, leading to the formation of a tumor. | train | sciq | null |
Vertebrates have evolved more complex digestive systems, with some species having multi-chambered types of what organ? | [
"heart",
"respiratory",
"stomach",
"skin"
] | C | Vertebrate Digestive Systems Vertebrates have evolved more complex digestive systems to adapt to their dietary needs. Some animals have a single stomach, while others have multi-chambered stomachs. Birds have developed a digestive system adapted to eating unmasticated food. Monogastric: Single-chambered Stomach As the ... | train | sciq | null |
A trait controlled by a single gene that has two alleles is given what name, after the scientist who studied inheritance? | [
"carlinian trait",
"darwinian trait",
"mendelian trait",
"rosilin trait"
] | C | A Mendelian trait is a trait that is controlled by a single gene that has two alleles. One of these alleles is dominant and the other is recessive. Many inheritable conditions in humans are passed to offspring in a simple Mendelian fashion. Medical professionals use Mendel’s laws to predict and understand the inheritan... | train | sciq | null |
What law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed? | [
"conservation of force",
"conservation of energy",
"difference of energy",
"deposit of energy"
] | B | In any chemical reaction, there is no overall change in the amount of energy. Energy cannot be created or destroyed. This is the law of conservation of energy. | train | sciq | null |
How do mammals generate heat? | [
"eating spicy foods",
"maintaning low metabolism",
"running around fast",
"maintaining high metabolism"
] | D | Mammals generate heat mainly by maintaining a high rate of metabolism. Compared with the cells of other animals, the cells of mammals have more mitochondria. Mitochondria are the cell organelles that generate energy. Mammals may also produce little bursts of heat by shivering. Shivering occurs when many muscles all con... | train | sciq | null |
What are small, icy objects that have very elliptical orbits around the sun? | [
"craters",
"asteroids",
"meteors",
"comets"
] | D | Comets are small, icy objects that have very elliptical orbits around the Sun. Their orbits carry them from the outer solar system to the inner solar system, close to the Sun. Early in Earth’s history, comets may have brought water and other substances to Earth during collisions. | train | sciq | null |
Is the most basic what is the most basic of the sciences, concerning itself with energy, matter, space and time, and their interactions? | [
"experiments",
"genetics",
"physics",
"biology"
] | C | Section Summary 1.1 Physics: An Introduction • Science seeks to discover and describe the underlying order and simplicity in nature. • Physics is the most basic of the sciences, concerning itself with energy, matter, space and time, and their interactions. • Scientific laws and theories express the general truths of na... | train | sciq | null |
Which is the active ingredient of cereal crop disease, ergot? | [
"amino acid",
"byblis acid",
"lysergic acid",
"pixelation acid"
] | C | Plant Parasites and Pathogens The production of sufficient good-quality crops is essential to human existence. Plant diseases have ruined crops, bringing widespread famine. Many plant pathogens are fungi that cause tissue decay and eventual death of the host (Figure 24.25). In addition to destroying plant tissue direct... | train | sciq | null |
What type of structures evolved to do the same job by unrelated organisms? | [
"dioxide structures",
"primal structures",
"symmetrical structures",
"analogous structures"
] | D | Scientists compare the anatomy, embryos, and DNA of living things to understand how they evolved. Evidence for evolution is provided by homologous structures. These are structures shared by related organisms that were inherited from a common ancestor. Other evidence is provided by analogous structures. These are struct... | train | sciq | null |
What explains the spherical shape of ceres, once thought to be the largest asteroid? | [
"high gravity",
"orbital plane",
"low gravity",
"space debris"
] | A | Ceres ( Figure below ) is a rocky body that orbits the Sun. It could be an asteroid or a planet. Before 2006, Ceres was thought to be the largest asteroid. Is it an asteroid? Ceres is in the asteroid belt. But it is by far the largest object in the belt. Ceres has such high gravity that it is spherical. | train | sciq | null |
What measures the height of the largest seismic wave or earth quakes? | [
"The EF Scale",
"magnitude scale",
"tremor scale",
"richter scale"
] | D | The intensity of an earthquake can be determined in many ways. The Mercalli Scale identifies the damage done and what people feel, the Richter Scale measures the height of the largest seismic wave, and the moment magnitude scale measures the total energy released by an earthquake. | train | sciq | null |
What type of winds are created when more solar energy strikes the equator than the polar regions? | [
"domestic winds",
"arctic winds",
"equatorial winds",
"global winds"
] | D | Winds on Earth are either global or local. Global winds blow in the same directions all the time. They are created when more solar energy strikes the Equator than the polar regions. More about global wind patterns is described in detail in the concept "Global Wind Belts. ". | train | sciq | null |
Reptiles and birds are the only known living descendants of what? | [
"dinosaurs",
"fossils",
"mammals",
"dragons"
] | A | Crocodilia, containing both alligators and crocodiles, is an order of large reptiles. Reptiles belonging to Crocodilia are the closest living relatives of birds. Reptiles and birds are the only known living descendants of the dinosaurs. Some would day that alligators and crocodiles actually look like small dinosaurs. D... | train | sciq | null |
Organism's changing over time is called? | [
"evolution",
"generation",
"heterogenicity",
"variation"
] | A | Evolution means change over time. Darwin’s theory of evolution says that organisms change over time ( Figure below ). Evolution is seen in the fossil record. It is seen in the way organisms develop. Evolution is evident in the geographic locations where organism are found. It is evident in the genes of living organisms... | train | sciq | null |
The law of conservation mass states that matter cannot be created or what? | [
"changed",
"observed",
"moved",
"destroyed"
] | D | The law of conservation of mass states that matter cannot be created or destroyed. | train | sciq | null |
What help should you use for disposing hazardous products? | [
"guidelines on label",
"first aid kit",
"biohazard unit",
"call poison control"
] | A | Proper disposal depends on the waste. Many hazardous products have disposal guidelines on the label. That’s one reason why you should keep the products in their original containers. The labels also explain how to use the products safely. Follow the instructions to protect yourself and the environment. Most communities ... | train | sciq | null |
Although surface waves are slowest, they do most of the damage of what event? | [
"hurricane",
"volcano",
"tsunami",
"earthquake"
] | D | Surface waves are the slowest, but they do the most damage in an earthquake. | train | sciq | null |
Fruit begins to ripen because what gas is released? | [
"sulfur",
"chloride",
"hydrogen",
"ethylene"
] | D | train | sciq | null | |
Winter storms develop from what, which form at high altitudes and are associated with hurricanes as well? | [
"currents",
"droughts",
"fronts",
"cyclones"
] | D | Like hurricanes, winter storms develop from cyclones. But in the case of winter storms, the cyclones form at higher latitudes. In North America, cyclones often form when the jet stream dips south in the winter. This lets dry polar air pour south. At the same time, warm moist air from the Gulf of Mexico flows north. Whe... | train | sciq | null |
Fungi absorb nutrients from the environment through what? | [
"spores",
"mycelia",
"apothecia",
"hymenium"
] | B | Fungal mycelia. Fungi absorb nutrients from the environment through mycelia. The branching mycelia have a high surface-area-to-volume ratio which allows for efficient absorption of nutrients. Some fungi digest nutrients by releasing enzymes into the environment. | train | sciq | null |
What do you call any process in which excess water or wastes are removed from the body? | [
"digestion",
"diffusion",
"excretion",
"depletion"
] | C | Excretion is any process in which excess water or wastes are removed from the body. Excretion is the job of the excretory system. Organs of excretion include the large intestine, liver, skin, lungs, and kidneys. | train | sciq | null |
Earth's temperature will increase further as more of what colorfully nicknamed gases are put into the atmosphere? | [
"green dioxide gases",
"blue dioxide gases",
"bluehouse gases",
"greenhouse gases"
] | D | Current Situation : Currently the heating effect of extra greenhouse gases (since the start of the industrial revolution) is equal to about . Thus the recent period has recorded parallel increases in concentration of carbon dioxide and average global temperature. As more greenhouse gases are put into the atmosphere the... | train | sciq | null |
What happens to cells in a hypertonic solution as water leaves the cell via osmosis? | [
"self destruction",
"shrinkage",
"get larger",
"evaporation"
] | B | The movement of water molecules is not itself regulated by cells, so it is important that cells are exposed to an environment in which the concentration of solutes outside of the cells (in the extracellular fluid) is equal to the concentration of solutes inside the cells (in the cytoplasm). Two solutions that have the ... | train | sciq | null |
Digestion and respiration are both facilitated by the pharynx, more commonly called the what? | [
"esophagus",
"nose",
"throat",
"sinus"
] | C | The Pharynx The pharynx (throat) is involved in both digestion and respiration. It receives food and air from the mouth, and air from the nasal cavities. When food enters the pharynx, involuntary muscle contractions close off the air passageways. A short tube of skeletal muscle lined with a mucous membrane, the pharynx... | train | sciq | null |
What muscle is found only in the walls of the heart? | [
"skeletal muscle",
"respiratory muscle",
"cardiac muscle",
"abdominal muscle"
] | C | Cardiac muscle is found only in the walls of the heart. When cardiac muscle contracts, the heart beats and pumps blood. Cardiac muscle contains a great many mitochondria, which produce ATP for energy. This helps the heart resist fatigue. Contractions of cardiac muscle are involuntary like those of smooth muscle. | train | sciq | null |
The wave on a guitar string is transverse. the sound wave rattles a sheet of paper in a direction that shows the sound wave is what? | [
"lateral",
"magnetic",
"obtuse",
"longitudinal"
] | D | Figure 16.33 The wave on a guitar string is transverse. The sound wave rattles a sheet of paper in a direction that shows the sound wave is longitudinal. | train | sciq | null |
How do leaves export sugar to roots and other nonphotosynthetic parts of the plant? | [
"veins",
"stems",
"chloroplasts",
"glands"
] | A | train | sciq | null | |
Some metals, such as gold and platinum, do not corrode easily because they are very resistant to what? | [
"evaporation",
"precipitation",
"heat",
"oxidation"
] | D | Some metals, such as gold and platinum, do not corrode easily because they are very resistant to oxidation by common substances. Some other metals begin to be oxidized, but are further protected from additional corrosion by a coating formed on the surface. Aluminum reacts with oxygen to form aluminum oxide, which remai... | train | sciq | null |
What are floods a source of on a floodplain? | [
"minerals",
"salt",
"nutrients",
"acids"
] | C | Floods are a source of nutrients on a floodplain. | train | sciq | null |
Which process helps deaminate amino acids? | [
"transamination",
"bromination",
"deactivation",
"caramelization"
] | A | The Fate of the Carbon Skeleton Any amino acid can be converted into an intermediate of the citric acid cycle. Once the amino group is removed, usually by transamination, the α-keto acid that remains is catabolized by a pathway unique to that acid and consisting of one or more reactions. For example, phenylalanine unde... | train | sciq | null |
What is each half of the cerebrum called? | [
"a biplane",
"demisphere",
"a describe",
"a hemisphere"
] | D | The cerebrum is divided into a right and left half ( Figure above ). Each half of the cerebrum is called a hemisphere. The two hemispheres are connected by a thick bundle of axons called the corpus callosum . It lies deep inside the brain and carries messages back and forth between the two hemispheres. | train | sciq | null |
During interphase, the cell undergoes normal growth processes while also preparing for what, by accumulating energy and building blocks of dna? | [
"cell division",
"technology division",
"proteins division",
"chromosome division"
] | A | The population is an important unit in ecology as well as other biological sciences. How is a population defined, and what are the strengths and weaknesses of this definition? Are there some species that at certain times or places are not in populations?. | train | sciq | null |
What type of species have a large effect on the balance of organisms in an ecosystem? | [
"secondary consumers",
"decomposers",
"keystone",
"producers"
] | C | Predators play an important role in an ecosystem. For example, if they did not exist, then a single species could become dominant over others. Grazers on a grassland keep grass from growing out of control. Predators can be keystone species . These are species that can have a large effect on the balance of organisms in ... | train | sciq | null |
Which type of skeleton supports the animal, protects internal organs, and allows for movement? | [
"external",
"shell",
"mechanical",
"internal"
] | D | An internal skeleton. The internal skeleton supports the animal, protects internal organs, and allows for movement. | train | sciq | null |
After cell division what are the two new cells called? | [
"step cells",
"production cells",
"offspring cells",
"daughter cells"
] | D | Cell division is the process in which a cell divides to form two new cells. The original cell is called the parent cell. The two new cells are called daughter cells. All cells contain DNA. DNA is the nucleic acid that stores genetic information. Before a cell divides its DNA must be copied. That way, each daughter cell... | train | sciq | null |
What are bacteria and archaea examples of? | [
"plants",
"prokaryotes",
"eukaryotes",
"fungi"
] | B | Prokaryotes include Bacteria and Archaea. An individual prokaryote consists of a single cell without a nucleus. | train | sciq | null |
What gives a coil of copper wire the ability to conduct electricity well? | [
"metallic ions",
"metallic bonds",
"optical bonds",
"metallic electrons"
] | B | Image copyright SergiyN, 2014. Coil of copper wire, which conducts electricity well due to metallic bonds . Used under license from Shutterstock. com. | train | sciq | null |
Blood helps maintain homeostasis by stabilizing ph, temperature, osmotic pressure, and by eliminating this? | [
"excess heat",
"toxins",
"water",
"acid"
] | A | The Role of Blood in the Body Blood, like the human blood illustrated in Figure 40.5 is important for regulation of the body’s systems and homeostasis. Blood helps maintain homeostasis by stabilizing pH, temperature, osmotic pressure, and by eliminating excess heat. Blood supports growth by distributing nutrients and h... | train | sciq | null |
During sexual reproduction, the macronucleus dissolves and is replaced by what? | [
"chromosomes",
"micronucleus",
"fluctuations",
"sporozoans"
] | B | Figure 23.16 The complex process of sexual reproduction in Paramecium creates eight daughter cells from two original cells. Each cell has a macronucleus and a micronucleus. During sexual reproduction, the macronucleus dissolves and is replaced by a micronucleus. (credit “micrograph”: modification of work by Ian Sutton;... | train | sciq | null |
When naming this type of ion the ending of the element’s name is dropped and replaced with the – ide suffix? | [
"amines",
"anions",
"oxides",
"cations"
] | B | Naming anions is slightly different than naming cations. The ending of the element’s name is dropped and replaced with the – ide suffix. For example, F - is the fluoride ion, while O 2- is the oxide ion. As is the case with cations, the charge on the anion is indicated by a superscript following the symbol. Common anio... | train | sciq | null |
What is a random change in an organism's genes? | [
"infection",
"accumulation",
"meiosis",
"mutation"
] | D | At some time in the past, a variation probably came from a mutation. A mutation is a random change in an organism's genes ( Figure below ). Mutations are natural. Some are harmful, but many are neutral. If a mutation is harmful, the organism may not live to reproduce. If the mutation is beneficial, that organism may ha... | train | sciq | null |
Osseous tissue - the connective tissue that includes specialized cells, mineral salts, and collagen fibers - makes up what? | [
"ligaments",
"bone",
"muscles",
"spine"
] | B | 38.2 Bone Bone, or osseous tissue, is connective tissue that includes specialized cells, mineral salts, and collagen fibers. The human skeleton can be divided into long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Compact bone tissue is composed of osteons and forms the external layer of all bones. Spongy bone ... | train | sciq | null |
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