question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
values | rationale stringlengths 0 22.5k ⌀ | split stringclasses 1
value | dataset stringclasses 6
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value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Optimal percentage of NaCl for V cholerae - | [
"1%",
"2%",
"3%",
"4%"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., 1% VIBRIO CHOLERAEo MorphologyGram negativeBacilliNon capsulatedComma shapedS-shaped or spiral form may be seen.Arranged in parallel rows - Fish in stream appearance.Motile by polar flegellum - Darting type motility.Actively motile vibrios suggest a 'Swarm of gnats'o Culture characteristicStrongly aer... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Black Triangles' act as a source of plaque accumulation and flossing interference, this should be treated by: | [
"Fill the entire embrasure space with pink porcelain",
"Andrew's bridge system can be given",
"Large pontics can be given",
"Both 1 & 2"
] | D | Black Triangles’ can be treated by:
Filling the entire embrasure space with pink porcelain.
Andrew's bridge system
Increasing the connector height
Loss of residual ridge contour may lead to unesthetic open gingival embrasures (“black triangles”), food impaction and percolation of saliva during speech. | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about H. pylori includes all except: | [
"Gram positive bacillus",
"Urease positive bacillus",
"Highly associated with deodenal ulcer",
"Urease breath test can be performed only in specialized labs"
] | A | Ans. is. 'a' i. e., Gram positive bacillus | train | med_mcqa | null |
Theory of "Psychosexual development" was given by? | [
"Anna Freud",
"Sigmund Freud",
"Jean paiget",
"Skinner"
] | B | ANSWER: (B) Sigmund FreudREF: Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry, 10th Edition, page 195, http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/ Psych os exuai_develop men tAccording to Sigmund Freud, personality is mostly established by the age of five. Freud's theory of psychosexual development is one of the best known, but also one o... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Phagocytosis of mycobacterium tuberculosis by macrophages is mainly mediated by- | [
"IL6",
"IL3",
"IL12",
"IFN gamma"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., IFN gamma o Phagocytosis of M tuberculosis of macrophages is a granulomatous inflammation which is induced by IFN-g.o Activated T-cells (helper) produce IFN-g, the major cytokine of granulomatous inflammation.o IFN-g has the following effects:1. It is the most important activator of macrophages.2. It ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Blistering of skin is common in the presence of abnormal: | [
"Intermediate filaments",
"Centrosomes",
"Microfilaments",
"Microtubules"
] | A | Intermediate Filaments are a pa of of cytoskeleton. They form a flexible scaffolding for cell which helps cell to resist external pressure. So in their absence cells rupture easily. Ref: Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology, 21st Edition, Page 13 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pitted keratolysis affects - | [
"Palm and soles",
"Face",
"Nails",
"All of the above"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Palm & soles Pitted keratolysiso Caused by opportunistic bacteria Corynebacterium dermatophilus congolensis. Overgrowth of this bacteria occurs in people involved in wet work eg:-dishwahsers. Lesions looks like pits or crators due to sharply circumscribed round areas of keratolysis (loss of keratin). ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is found in DiGeorge's syndrome - | [
"Tetany",
"Eczema",
"Mucocutaneous candidiasis",
"Absent B and T cells"
] | A | DiGeorge's syndrome is a developmental defect affecting third and foh pharyngeal pouches which leads to aplasia or hypoplasia of thymus and parathyroid glands. T cells are absent or deficient in circulation. -patients show enhanced susceptibility to viral , bacterial fungal infections. - infants present with cardiac de... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Placental alkaline phosphatase is marker of ? | [
"Theca cell tumour",
"Teratoma",
"Choriocarcinoma",
"Seminoma"
] | D | Answer is 'd' i.e. Seminoma Placental alkaline phosphatase is a marker of seminoma. Also know Gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase is marker of --> seminoma testis AFP is not produced by --> seminomas and Choriocarcinomas | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common missing tooth in the permanent dentition is: | [
"Maxillary canine",
"Maxillary first molar",
"Mandibular second premolar",
"Mandibular first molar"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which layer of the epidermis is underdeveloped in the VLBW infants in the initial 7 days – | [
"Stratum genninativum",
"Stratum granulosum",
"Stratum lucidum",
"Stratum corneum"
] | D | First layer to develop is stratum basale and the last one is the stratum corneum.
In preterm infants stratum corneum is underdeveloped and permeable (normal stratum corneum is impermeable) and becomes similar to adult and full-term infant after 2-3 weeks, postnatal maturation. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which is most commonly implicated in genital (vulval) warts? | [
"HPV 16",
"HPV 18",
"HPV 31",
"HPV 6"
] | D | Ans. is d, i.e. HPV 6Ref: Williams Gynae 1st/ed, p619"Low Risk HPV types 6 and 11 cause nearly all genital warts." - Williams Gynae 1st/ed, p67Genital Warts:* Genital warts are lesions created from productive infection with HPV (most common type 6 and 11).* They display various morphologies and appearances ranging from... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A pragnant woman is diagnosed to suffering form Grave's disease. The most appropriate therapy for her would be- | [
"Radio lodine therapy",
"Total thyroidectomy",
"Carbimazole parenteral",
"Propylthiouracil oral"
] | D | The antithyroid drugs like carbimazole, methimazole crosses the placenta (transplacental passage) and produce fetal hypothyroidism and goiter if the maternal dose is excessive. However, oral propylthiouracil would be the most appropriate therapy in early gestation at low doses as its greater protein binding allows less... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The narrowest pa of the ureter is at: | [
"Uretero-pelvic junction",
"Iliac vessel crossing",
"Pelvic ureter",
"Ureterovesicle junction"
] | D | The narrowest lumen is where the ureter enters the bladder wall (ureterovesicle junction) and may be responsible for arresting the passage of stones of as little as 2-3 mm. Note: Sometime the question may not have the option of ureterovesical junction, in that case the intramural ureter (the pa inside detrusor) may be ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following statements are true about sickle cell disease EXCEPT: | [
"Patient may require frequent blood transfusions",
"Acute infection is the most common cause of moality before 3 years of age",
"There is positive correlation between concentration of HbS and polymerisation of HbS",
"Patient presents early in life before 6 months of life"
] | D | - Patients of Sickle cell anemia rarely presents before 6 months age as abundance of HbF inhibits polymerisation of HbS. CLINICAL FEATURES OF SICKLE CELL ANEMIA: Hand foot syndrome / dactylitis of bones of hands, feet Priapism & erectile dysfunction Stroke & retinopathy- loss of visual acuity & blindness Auto splenecto... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In renal vascular hypeension true is-irrelevant | [
"Aldosterone",
"Renin",
"HjqDokalemia",
"Angiotensin II"
] | A | RVHT is the clinical consequence of activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Renal aery occlusion creates ischemia, which triggers the release of renin and a secondary elevation in blood pressure . Ref Harrison20th edition pg 256 | train | med_mcqa | null |
The diameter and length of the component marked with arrow is: | [
"3 mm and 2 cm",
"2 cm and 3 mm",
"2 mm and <1 cm",
"4 mm and <1 cm"
] | C | Cathode:
The cathode in an x-ray tube consists of a filament and a focusing cup. The filament is the source of electrons within the x-ray tube. It is a coil of tungsten wire approximately 2 mm in diameter and 1 cm or less in length. Filaments typically contain approximately 1% thorium, which greatly increases the relea... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Wharton's duct drains the: | [
"Pancreas",
"Parotid",
"Lacrimal gland",
"Submandibular gland"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
An orthopedician adducts the flexed hip and gently pushes the thigh posteriorly in an effort to dislocate the femoral head of a neonate. What is this maneuver called? | [
"Galeazzi sign",
"Ortoloni test",
"Telescopic sign",
"Barlow test"
] | D | D i.e. Barlow testRef: Nelson, Textbook of Pediatrics, 20th edition, page 3274Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)Ranges from simple acetabular dysplasia, acetabular dysplasia plus subluxation to dislocation of the hip joint.Two major groups:Typical (otherwise normal individuals without defined syndromes or genetic... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Trouser leg appearance in myelography is seen in which tumor | [
"Extradural",
"Intradural",
"Intra medullary",
"All the above"
] | C | Intramedullary - Widening of cord, Trouser leg appearance. | train | med_mcqa | null |
pt. with acute onset of left side weakness and loss of sensation over left side of body with facial sparing. on protrusion of tongue , detes to the right side which aery involved ? | [
"PICA",
"VEEBRAL AERY",
"CAROTID AERY",
"AICA"
] | A | Posterior inferior cerebellar aery syndrome results from a vascular event in the lateral pa of the medulla oblongata. It was seen to be more frequently related to cardiogenic embolism as compared to other causes. REF : HARRISONS 21ST ED | train | med_mcqa | null |
Source of EEG | [
"A potential of pyramidal cells",
"A potential of ganglion cells",
"EPSP and IPSP of cortical cells which behave like dipoles",
"After potentials of parietal cortex"
] | C | (C) EPSP and IPSP of cortical cells which behave like dipoles > The dendrites of the cortical cells are a forest of similarly oriented, densely packed units in the superficial layers of the cerebral cortex.> Propagated potentials can be generated in dendrites. In addition, recurrent axon collaterals end on dendrites in... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Inferior thyroid artery is related to - | [
"Superior laryngeal nerve",
"Recurrent laryngeal",
"Glossopharyngeal nerve",
"XII nerve"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Recurrent laryngeal Blood supply of thyroidArteryBranch ofRelated toRemarkSuperior thyroidExternal carotidExternal laryngeal N.During thyroidectomy superior thyroid artery is ligated close to upper pole of gland to avoid injury to external laryngeal nerve.Inferior thyroidThyrocervical trunkRecurrent l... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hess test is done to assess - | [
"Bleeding time",
"Capillary fragility",
"Clotting time",
"Prothrombin time"
] | B | Hess capillary resistance test or tourniquet test is done by tying sphygmomanometer cuff to the upper arm and raising it in between diastolic and systolic pressure for 5 minutes.
Presence of more than 20 petechiae over the cubital fossa is considered a positive test.
The test is positive in increased capillary fragilit... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are true regarding Ketorolac, EXCEPT? | [
"Respiratory depression is a side effect",
"More potent than Aspirin",
"VA is 5- 6 hrs",
"This is an analgesic"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Respiratory depression is a side effect Ketorolac Ketorolac is a novel NSAID (Pyrrolo-pyrole derivative) It is a potent analgesic (equal to morphine, more than aspirin) It is free of the following side effects Respiratory depression Hypotension Dependence producing Constipation Its plasma t1/2 of keto... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 29-year-old woman is found, on routine annual blood testing, to have a small increase in unconjugated bilirubin. There is no evidence of hemolysis and her liver enzymes and function tests are otherwise normal. She has no prior history of liver disease and is not taking any medications. Her physical examination is com... | [
"Crigler-Najjar syndrome",
"Dubin-Johnson syndrome",
"Rotor syndrome",
"Gilbert syndrome"
] | D | Gilbert syndrome may be associated with impaired hepatic uptake of bilirubin. It is caused by hereditary decrease in the activity of glucuronosyltransferase in the uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase 1 (UGT1) family. More severe enzyme deficits are the cause of the two variants of Crigler-Najjar syndrome and usuall... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The AUDIT questionnaire is used for detection of | [
"Schizophrenia",
"Opioid addiction",
"Depression",
"Alcoholism"
] | D | Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a simple method of screening for excessive drinking and to assist in brief assessment. It is a screening tool it has 10 items it was developed by WHO( world health organisation) it assess alcohol consumption, drink... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Primary dentition completes at - | [
"1 year",
"2 years",
"3 years",
"4 years"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 2 years * First temporary tooth to upper (in primary dentition) is lower central incisors and last temporary tooth to erupt is 2nd molar. The sequence of eruption is lower central incisor > upper central incisor > upper lateral incisor >lower lateral incisor > 1st molar > Canine > 2nd molar. Therefore... | train | med_mcqa | null |
High airway resistance is seen in | [
"Respiratory bronchiole",
"Intermediate bronchiole",
"Terminal bronchiole",
"Main bronchus"
] | D | Resistance impedes airflow into (and out of) the lung. The major component of resistance is the resistance exeed by the airways (large and small), and a minor component is the sliding of the lung and the chest wall tissue elements during inspiration (and expiration). Resistance is overcome by (driving) pressure. In spo... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Maximum global warming is by | [
"Desflurane",
"Isoflurane",
"Sevoflurane",
"Halothane"
] | A | Desflurane is a greenhouse gasIt causes maximum global warmingGlobal warming potential (as an equal amount of CO2)Isoflurane210 timesSevoflurane510 timesDesflurane 1620 times (Refer: Morgan and Mikhail's Clinical Anaesthesiology, 5th edition, pg no. 170) | train | med_mcqa | null |
In pregnancy with increased MSAFP which of the following should be done? | [
"Repeat measurement of MSAFP at later date",
"USG",
"Amniocentesis",
"Termination of pregnancy"
] | B | Maternal Serum Alpha Fetoprotein (MSAFP) estimation at 16 weeks was used as a screening method for open neural tube defects but today,has been almost completely replaced by ultrasonography. Refer page no 486 of Text book of obstetrics,sheila balakrishnan,2 nd edition. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Erythropoietin level are increased by - | [
"↓PO2",
"↓PCO2",
"↓Hb",
"↓pH"
] | A | Hypoxia stimulates the release of Erythropoietin. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 4 year boy complaining of pain around elbow which is held in pronation with extension and normal X ray. What is the probable diagnosis? | [
"Pulled elbow",
"Montegia fracture",
"Cellulitis",
"None of the above"
] | A | ANSWER: (A) Pulled elbowREF: Apley s 8th ed p. 603Nursemaid's elbow, Babysitter's elbow or Pulled elbow is a dislocation of the elbow joint caused by a sudden pull on the extended pronated arm, such as by an adult tugging on an uncooperative child, or swinging the child by the arms during play The technical term for th... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Malampati grading is for | [
"Mobility of cervical spine",
"Mobility of atlantoaxial joint",
"Assesment of free rotation of neck before intubation",
"Inspection of oral cavity before intubation"
] | D | Mallampati classification: a frequently performed test that examines the size of the tongue in relation to the oral cavity. The more the tongue obstructs the view of the pharyngeal structures, the more difficult intubation maybe Class I: The entire palatal arch, including the bilateral faucial pillars, is visible down ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Response to iron in iron deficiency anemia is denoted by? | [
"Restoration of enzymes",
"Reticulocytosis",
"Increase in iron binding capacity",
"Increase in hemoglobin"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Reticulocytosis Response to iron therapy When specific iron therapy is given, patients often show rapid subjective improvement, with disappearance or marked diminution of fatigue, lassitude, and other non-specific symptoms. This response may occur before any improvment in anemia is observed. The earli... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 10 month old child presents with two weeks history of fever, vomiting and alteration of sensorium Cranial CT scan reveals basal exudates and hydrocephalus, the most likely etiological agent is ? | [
"Mycobacterium tuberculosis",
"Cryptococcus neoformans",
"Listera monocytogenes",
"Streptococcus pneumoniae"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Mycobacterium Tuberculosis lnsiduous /gradual onset of fever over a duration of two weeks, with features of raised intracranial tension in the form of vomiting and altered sensorium with characteristic basal exudates and hydrocephalus on cranial CT scan are almost characteristic of tuberculous meningi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following bacteria act by increasing cAMP. | [
"Vibrio cholera",
"Staphylococcus aureus",
"E. coli heat stable toxin",
"Salmonella"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e. Vibrio cholera Cholera produces a potent enterotoxin known as cholera toxin.This toxin consists of five B subunits and a single A subunit and has structural, functional and antigenic similarity to heat-labile toxin expressed by strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coltThe A subunit of the toxin is ma... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Number of milk teeth - | [
"16",
"12",
"20",
"8"
] | C | Temporary, deciduous or milky teeth are 20 in number, 4 incisors, 2 canines and 4 molars in each jaw. ref : Dr. Narayana Reddys Synopsis of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 27th edition pg.35. | train | med_mcqa | null |
In Dent's disease, which of the following is seen on laboratory evaluation ? | [
"Hypercalciuria",
"Hypokalemia",
"Hypernatremia",
"Hypomagnesemia"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Hypercalciuria Dent's disease o Dent disease is a chronic kidney disease that occurs almost exclusively in males. In affected individuals, kidney problems result from damage to proximal tubules. Signs and symptoms of this condition appear in early childhood and worsen over time. o The most frequent si... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Causal association factors can be revealed by - | [
"Case control study",
"Cohort study",
"Cross sectional study",
"Experimental study"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Typical finding in cardiac tamponade: | [
"Absent 'Y' descent",
"Prominent 'a' wave",
"Absent 'a' wave",
"Prominent 'Y' wave"
] | A | Ans. A. Absent Y descentAbnormalities of JVPa. Raised JVP with normal waveform:a. Fluid overloadb. Right heart failureb. Raised JVP with absent pulsation: SVC obstructionc. Large a wave:a. Tricuspid stenosisb. Pulmonary stenosisc. Pulmonary artery Hypertension.d. Cannon a wave:a. Complete heart blockb. Junctional rhyth... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Facial artery does not supply the: | [
"Tonsils",
"Submandibular gland",
"External auditory meatus",
"Lower part of the nasal septum"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are true about Scalenus anterior muscle: | [
"It is attached to the tubercle of second Rib",
"It is anterior to the transverse cervical aery.",
"It is pierced by the phrenic nerve.",
"It separates the subclan vein from the subclan aery"
] | D | It separates the subclan vein from the subclan aery The scalene muscles are a group of three pairs of muscles in the lateral neck, namely the scalenus anterior, scalenus medius, and scalenus posterior. These extend from the transverse processes of the cervical veebrae to the first two ribs. Thus they help to either ele... | train | med_mcqa | null |
True statement about hydrocephalus is | [
"Macewen sign seen",
"Sun rise sign of eyes is seen",
"Most common cause is Dandy - waler malformation",
"All of the above"
] | A | Hydrocephalus
Most common cause is Aqueductal stenosis
Macewen sign is cracked pot sound produced on percussion of skull in raised intracranical tension.
"Sun set" sign of eyes seen. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient on day 2 after cataract surgery has developed the following findings which are diagnostic of. | [
"Acute postoperative glaucoma",
"Acute postoperative endophthalmitis",
"Acute bullous keratopathy",
"Acute anterior uveitis"
] | B | Ans. (b) Acute postoperative endophthalmitis. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Component of breast milk which decreases the risk of retinits pigmentosa ________ | [
"Vitamin A",
"Docosa Hexaenoic acid (DHA)",
"Vitamin B12",
"Taurine"
] | B | Docosa Hexaenoic acid decreases the risk of retinitis pigmentosa and helps in brain development. | train | med_mcqa | null |
All drugs cause interstitial lung disease, except: | [
"Phenytoin sodium",
"Sulphonamides",
"Busulphan",
"Alpha methyl dopa"
] | D | Drugs causing ILD: amphotericin B, minocycline, methotrexate (MTX), and nitrofurantoin, amiodarone, gold, aspirin, penicillamine, adalimumab, busulphan, bleomycin, phenytoin, sulphonamides, azathioprine, chlorambucil, carmustine, docetaxel, paclitaxel, bromocriptine etc Ref KD Tripathi 8th ed | train | med_mcqa | null |
Penile buccal coitus is- | [
"Sadism",
"Fetichism",
"Fellatio",
"Cunnilingus"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Fellatio Buccal coitus (coitus per as.'sin of yomorrah)o In this, the male organ is introduced into mouth, usually of a young child. Fellatio is oral stimulation of penis by male or female. Cunnilingus is oral stimulation of female genitals. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Vitamin K is necessary for the formation of the following factors by the liver except | [
"Factor II",
"Factor VII",
"Factor IX",
"Factor V"
] | D | Vitamin K is an essential factor to a liver carboxylase that adds a carboxyl group to glutamic acid residues on five of the impoant clotting factors: prothrombin, Factor VII, Factor IX, Factor X, and protein C. Ref: Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology 13th edition. Page:490 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Secretion of prolactin is inhibited by: | [
"Dopamine",
"Nor-adrenaline",
"Adrenaline",
"Serotonin"
] | A | Dopamine keeps inhibitory control over prolactin.This explains the reason behind hyperprolactinemia in psychotic patients who are treated with dopamine antagonists.Dopamine agonists (bromocriptine, cabergoline) therefore are used in treatment of hyperprolactinemia, acromegaly. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 60–year old hypertensive patient on angiotensin II receptor antagonist (losartan) is posed for hernia repair surgery. The antihypertensive drug should be: | [
"Continued till the day of operation",
"Discontinued 24 hrs preoperatively",
"Discontinued one week preoperatively",
"Administered in an increased dosage on the day of operation"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Henoch Schonlein purpura presents with deposition of? | [
"IgG",
"Ig A",
"IgM",
"IgE"
] | B | Ig A REF: Harrison's 17th ed chapter 319, CURRENT Medical Diagnosis & Treatment Chapter 20. Musculoskeletal & Immunologic Disorders Henoch-Schonlein purpura, the most common systemic vasculitis in children, occurs in adults as well. Typical features are palpable purpura, abdominal pain, ahritis, and hematuria. Patholog... | train | med_mcqa | null |
National immunization programme, all are involved except | [
"TT",
"Hepatitis B",
"OPV",
"Measles"
] | B | TT should be given at 10 & 16 years. OPV should be given at 0,6,10,14 weeks and booster at 18-24 months. Measles vaccine is given at the completion of 9 months of age. Hepatitis B ,though not included, may be given in any of the following schedules: A. 0, 6 & 14 weeks B. 0, 1 & 6 months. C. 6, 10 & 14 weeks. Reference:... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Treatment for streptococcal necrotizing fascitis -a) Surgical debridement b) Penicillinc) Clindamycind) Metronidazolee) Vancomycin | [
"ab",
"bc",
"acd",
"abc"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cardiac event at the end of isometric relaxation phase: | [
"Atrioventricular valves open",
"Atrioventricular valves closes",
"Corresponds to peak of C wave in JVP",
"Corresponds to T wave in ECG"
] | A | Isometric relaxation - Semilunar valves have closed. - AV valves yet to open In isometric relaxation ventricular muscle continues to relax without change in ventricular volume | Intraventricular pressure decreases back to the diastolic levels | AV valves open JVP correlation to cardiac cycle A wave: Atrial contraction ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following statements about oral anticoagulants is FALSE ? | [
"They interfere with an early step in the synthesis of clotting factors",
"Irrespective of the dose administered, their anticoagulant effect has a latency of onset of 1-3 days",
"Their dose is adjusted by repeated measurement of prothrombin time",
"They are contraindicated during pregnancy"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Tegaserod acts at the following receptor: | [
"Histamine",
"Serotonin",
"Thromboxane",
"None of the above"
] | B | Tegaserod is a serotonin 5-HT4 paial agonist that has high affinity for 5-HT4 receptors but no appreciable binding to 5-HT3 or dopamine receptors. Tegaserod was approved for the treatment of patients with chronic constipation and IBS with predominant constipation. Ref: Katzung 11th edition Chapter 60. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 47-year-old woman develops accelerated hypertension (blood pressure 210/105 mm Hg) but no clinical symptoms except frequent headaches. Which of the following findings are most likely on examination of the fundii? | [
"retinitis obliterans",
"cotton wool spots",
"retinal detachment",
"optic atrophy"
] | B | (b) Source: (Fuster, p. 1541, 1543)Cotton wool spots, hemorrhage, and papilledema are common. Fibrinoid necrosis occurs on the arterioles of many organs. Earlier manifestations of arteriosclerosis include thickening of the vessel wall. This is manifested by obscuring of the venous column at arterial crossings. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common genital prolapse is : | [
"Cystocoele",
"Procidentia",
"Rectocoele",
"Enterocoele"
] | A | Ans. is a i.e. Cystocoele Genital prolapse : refers to protusion of the pelvic organ into or out of the vaginal wall. Classification of prolapse Anterior vaginal wall : upper two thirds - cystocoele Cytourethrocoele lower one third - urethrocoele Posterior vaginal wall : upper one third - enterocoele (pouch of Douglas ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A seven year old asymptomatic girl is found to have persistant hypeension. There is no significant history and urine examination is normal. Which of the following is the most likely cause? | [
"Essential Hypeension",
"Polycystic Kidney Disease",
"Coarctation of Aoa",
"Renal Parenchymal Disease"
] | D | Hypeension in children is mostly associated with renal diseases. As far as other options are concerned, essential hypeension is uncommon in children (5-10%). Persistent hypeension is an uncommon presentation of coarctation of aoa and children with polycystic kidney disease present with bilateral abdominal mass and they... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which ofthe following drugs is used for Irritable Bowel Syndrome of the constipating type- | [
"Lubiprostone",
"Cholestyramine",
"Alosetron",
"Rifaximin"
] | A | Management of IBS The most impoant steps are to make a positive diagnosis and reassure the patient. Many people are concerned that they have developed cancer. A cycle of anxiety leading to colonic symptoms, which fuher heighten anxiety, can be broken by explaining that symptoms are not due to a serious underlying disea... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Contents of perivitelline space are:- | [
"Polar bodies",
"Deutoplasm",
"Secondary oocyte",
"None of above"
] | A | Cell membrane of secondary oocyte is known as vitelline membrane which is covered by zona pellucida. A perivitelline space appears between vitelline membrane and zona pellucida for the accommodation of polar bodies. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The microvascular complication of diabetes is | [
"Peripheral neuropathy",
"Coronary circulation",
"Retinopathy",
"Autonomic neuropathy"
] | C | Complications of diabetes | train | med_mcqa | null |
Strychnine acts by | [
"Exciting all the excitatory synapsesinthecord",
"Blocking inhibitory synapses",
"Being incorporated as substitute transmitter in monoaminetgic synapses",
"Directly exciting the skeletalmuscle fibrosis"
] | B | Strychnine is a neurotoxin which acts as an antagonist of glycine and acetylcholine receptors. It primarily affects the motor nerves in the spinal cord which control muscle contraction. An impulse is triggered at one end of a nerve by the binding of neurotransmitters to the receptors. In the presence of a neuroinhibito... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Respiratory depression develops when magnesium sulphate concentration reaches: | [
"5-7 mEq/L",
"7-10 mEq/L",
">10 mEq/L",
">25 mEq/L"
] | C | During Magnesium toxicity, the first reflex to be lost is patellar reflex (loss of knee jerk) -While giving MgSO4 things should be monitored are as follows; Respiratory rate should be at least more than 12 Output should be more than 100 ml / 4hrs Knee jerks should be present Serum Mg2+ levels(meq/l) Clinical effects 4-... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The following are related to bromocriptine therapy except: | [
"It is used to inhibit inappropriate lactation with secondary amenorrhoea",
"It is specific in suppressing only the prolactin secretion",
"If pregnancy occurs, there is increased incidence of multiple pregnancy",
"Its teratogenic effect on the fetus is inconclusive"
] | C | Ans. is c, i.e. If pregnancy occurs, there is increased incidence of multiple pregnancyRef: Leon Speroff 7th/ed, p460-470Bromocriptine:It is a dopamine agonist, used in the management of galactorrhea.Peak of Bromocriptine occurs 1-3 hours after oral administration but very little remains in circulation after 14 hours.P... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common site of ectopic pancreatic tissue is: | [
"Stomach",
"Jejunum",
"Appendix",
"Hilum of spleen"
] | A | A i.e. Stomach - The accessory pancreatic tissue is most often located in the wall of stomachQ, or duodenum or in an ileal diveiculum (eg. Meckel diveicultun)(2 = Moore'sAccessory pancreatic tissue may be found anywhere from the distal end of esophagus to the tip of primary intestinal loop. Most frequently it lies in m... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Segmented RNA is found in - | [
"Influenza virus",
"Rabies virus",
"Herpes virus",
"Molluscum contagiosum"
] | A | The negative sense single stranded RNA genome is segmented and exist ad 8 pieces REF:ANANTHANARYANAN TEXT BOOK OF MICROBIOLOGY 9EDITION PGNO.497 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is seen in torsades de pointes | [
"Hypermagnesemia",
"Sho QRS complex",
"Prolonged QTc interval",
"PQ segment"
] | C | Torsades de pointes is a complication of prolonged ventricular repolarisation(prolonged QT interval. QT interval >0.44sec in men, >0.46sec in women. Reference: Harrison 20th edition pg 1445 | train | med_mcqa | null |
A person developed sudden stridor, hoarseness of voice, tongue swelling, and edematous neck after eating a peanut. What is the likely diagnosis | [
"Foreign body aspiration",
"Angioneurotic edema",
"Pharyngeal perforation",
"Parapharyngeal abscess"
] | B | This is a case of Angioneurotic oedema characterized by tongue swelling and laryngeal oedema after ingestion of a peanut. It is a type I hypersensitivity reaction. Others options do not fit the clinical picture Ref : Diseases of ENT by Dhingra 6th edition Pgno : 446 | train | med_mcqa | null |
The vector of JE virus is: | [
"Anopheles mosquito",
"Culex mosquito",
"Aedes mosquito",
"All of the above"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Culex mosquitoCulex tritaeniorhynchus is the major vector worldwide including India and Culex vishnui is the next common vector found in India. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A baby is born to a HBsAg positive mother. Which of the following is required for prevention of mother to child transmission of hepatitis B? | [
"HBIG with first dose of Hep B vaccine at bih followed by routine hep B vaccination",
"Hepatitis B vaccine at 0,1,6 months",
"HBIG and lamivudine prophylaxis",
"Hepatitis B vaccine and lamivudine prophylaxis"
] | A | A neonate born to a mother with HBsAg positive should be given HBIG along with first dose of hepatitis B vaccine followed by routine vaccination after 1 and 6 months. | train | med_mcqa | null |
In which of the following patients would Enalapril be the best 1st line drug for high blood pressure control? | [
"A 62 year old man with renal aery stenosis",
"A 30 year old pregnant female",
"A 40 year old woman with hyperkalaemia",
"A 60 year old diabetic woman"
] | D | ACE inhibitors have been shown to reduce moality in chronic hea failure, hypeension, and diabetic renal disease * ACE inhibitors and ARBs increase the risk of hyperkalemia in CKD and with supplemental K+ or K+-sparing drugs. ACE inhibitors and ARBs should be discontinued during pregnancy as they cause fetal kidney dama... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which one of the following observations would rule out a sex- linked trait in an extended family pedigree? | [
"Males expressing the disease",
"Females expressing the disease",
"Female-to-male transmission",
"Male-to-male transmission"
] | D | Sex-linked traits are passed via the X chromosome. Males transmit their Y chromosome to their sons and their X chromosomes to their daughters. Thus, an affected male cannot transmit a mutated X allele to his son, so the presence of male-to-male transmission in a pedigree categorically eliminates X-linked transmission a... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Clinical Features of deciduous dentition are all, except: | [
"Baume spaces",
"Developmental spaces",
"Deep overbite",
"Proclined incisors"
] | D | Normal Signs of Primary Dentition
a. Spaced anteriors :Spacing is usually seen in the deciduous dentition to accommodate larger permanent teeth in the jaws.
b. Primate/ simian/ anthropoid space: This space is present mesial to the maxillary canine and distal to the mandibular canine.Most subhuman primates have it throu... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Rapid infusion of blood causes | [
"Acute Left heart failure",
"Ankle edema",
"Pulmonary edema",
"Respiratory Distress"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Coenzyme, in an enzymatic reaction usually functions to | [
"Activate the substrate",
"Increase the active sites of apoenzyme",
"Enhance the specificity of apoenzyme",
"Accept one of the cleavage products"
] | D | There is a specific location on an enzyme which binds to substrates and helps turn them into products. This location, called the active site, is where coenzymes bind. There are several ways coenzymes assist in enzyme function, including changing their shape to activate, or turn on, enzymes, or aiding in chemical reacti... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Faded tattoo mark can be visualized by? | [
"Ultraviolet rays",
"Spectrophotometer",
"Ordinary light",
"X-ray"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Ultraviolet rays Latent tattoo marks (faded marks) can be visualized by:-o Use of ultraviolet light o Infrared photograpyo Rubbing the part and examining under magnifying glasso If tattoo marks are obscured by decomposition they can be visualized by treating with 3% H2O2.o Tattoo marks can be develope... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Migratory thrombophlebitis is associated with the following malignancies except - | [
"Lung cancer",
"Prostate cancer",
"Pancreas cancer",
"Gastro-intestinal cancer"
] | B | Ans. is None or 'b' i.e., Prostate cancer "Multifocal migratory thrombophlebitis has been associated with numerous malignancies especially in patients younger than 50 years of age. It is most commonly found with GI cancer, but also lung, prostate, ovary, as well as leukemias and lymphomas. It may be related to hypercoa... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most important component of level of living is:(2004) | [
"Health",
"Education",
"Occupation",
"Housing"
] | A | Ans: aRef: Park, 17th ed, p. 20 & 18th ed, p. 21 | train | med_mcqa | null |
RPGN caused by -a) FSGSb) Wegener's granulomatosisc) Good pasteur's syndromed) PANe) Microscopic polyangitis | [
"bce",
"abd",
"abcd",
"bcde"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Giving commission to other doctor is | [
"Dichotomy",
"Covering",
"Professional secrecy",
"Professional neglect"
] | A | Ans. a (Dichotomy). (Ref. Textbook of FMT by Parikh-5th ed. 558)Dichotomy is giving commission to the other doctor for favouring or referring the patient, recommending or procuring any patient for medical, surgical or other treatment (fee-sharing).Covering is a RMP protecting a non-medical person who practices medicine... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Intracorpuscular hemolytic anemia is seen in- | [
"Autoimmune hemolytic anemia",
"TTP",
"Thalassemia",
"Infection"
] | C | Intracorpuscular hemolytic anemias are due to defective RBCs which undergo hemolysis causing anemia. Defect in RBCs may be inherited genetic defects like RBC memb disorders (hereditary spherocytosis , hereditary elliptocytosis).or enzyme deficiency (HMPshunt enzyme deficiency,glycolytic enzyme def).or Hb abnormalities ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In which of the following conditions acquired (secondary) megacolon is seen? | [
"Fissure in-ano",
"Complete absence of parasympathetic ganglion cells",
"Absence of sympathetic ganglion cells",
"Rectal malignancy"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
The following hepatitis virus is transmitted by faeco-oral route: | [
"Hepatitis B Virus",
"Hepatitis C Virus",
"Hepatitis D Virus",
"Hepatitis E Virus"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A pipe smoker is found to have a white, elevated plaque on his buccal mucosa during a general medical examination. The area cannot be wiped away with sterile gauze. What is the most likely diagnosis? | [
"Squamous cell carcinoma",
"Thrush",
"Gingivitis",
"Leukoplakia"
] | D | Leukoplakia is a precancerous lesion that appears as a white, elevated, plaque-like growth. It usually has asymmetric borders and usually affects the oral mucosa. It cannot be wiped off. The lesions tend to occur on the lip, mouth, buccal mucosa, and vaginal mucosa. Those at risk are cigarette smokers, pipe smokers, sm... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following act(s) passed before 1980 – a) ESI actb) PNDT c) Factories actd) MTP acte) Air pollution act | [
"acd",
"ad",
"bc",
"bde"
] | A | Important Health Legislations passed in India
The Quarantine Act, 1870
The Vaccination Act, 1880
The Child Marriage Restraint (SARDA) Act, 1929
The Employees State Insurance (ESI) Act, 1948
The factories Act, 1948
The prevention of Food Adulteration (PFA) Act, 1954
o;The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956
The In... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A child presents with fever and Lymphadenopathy. On examination a grey membrane can be seen over Left tonsil. Which of the following media is used for definitive diagnosis of organism? | [
"Loffler's serum slope",
"Potassium tellurite agar",
"Chocolate agar",
"Tinsdale agar"
] | B | For early diagnosis of C.diphtheria - Loffler's serum slope
For defenitive diagnosis - Potassium tellurite agar. | train | med_mcqa | null |
"Farmer's Lung" is due to inhalation of - | [
"Cotton fiber",
"Sugarcane fiber",
"Hay dust",
"Coal dust"
] | C | - farmers lungs is due to the inhalation of mouldy or hay dust. - micropolyspora faeni is the main cause of farmer's lung. - repeated attacks cause pulmonary fibrosis, inevitable pulmonary damage and cor pulmonale. Reference: Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no:807 <\p> | train | med_mcqa | null |
For treatment of paucibacillary leprosy drugs used are - | [
"Rifampicin & dapsone",
"Rifampicin, dapsone, steroids",
"Rifampicin, clofazimine, dapsone",
"None"
] | A | Paucibacillary cases should also recieve combined therapy in the view of primary dapsone resistance .The recommended standard adult regimen includes rifampicin and dapsone Reference; Park&;s Textbook of preventive and social medicine, 24th edition.Pg no. 341 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Iodine RDA is | [
"300 micrograms",
"200 micrograms",
"150 micrograms",
"50 micrograms"
] | C | Requirement of iodine The daily requirement of iodine for adults is placed at 150 micrograms. The recommendations of WHO of 250 mcg per day for iodine during pregnancy have also been adopted. This amount is normally supplied by well- balanced diet and drinking water except in regions where Food and water are deficient ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
While doing suction & evacuation, there is perforation of uterus. Next step is: March 2012 | [
"Laparoscopy",
"Hysterotomy",
"Laparotomy",
"Hysterectomy"
] | C | Ans: C i.e. Laparotomy Complication of S&E and management Diagnostic laparoscopy is often helpful to assess the size and site of perforation & the amount of haemorhhage If perforation has occurred prior to complete evacuation & if laparotomy is decided, then complete the evacuation either through the rent or anterior h... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Combination of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid is active against all the following organisms except | [
"MRSA",
"Pencillinase producing staph aureus",
"Pencillinase producing N.gonorrhea",
"Beta lactamase producing E. Coli"
] | A | MRSA occurs due to altered Pencillin binding proteins There fore cannot be replaced by beta lactamase inhibitor like clavulanic acid Refer GG 1497 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is not associated with increase in the risk of seizures in future in a child with febrile seizures | [
"Developmental delay",
"Late age of onset",
"Complex paial seizures",
"Family history positive"
] | B | Risk factors of recurrence of simple and complex febrile seizures are : 1. Early age of onset ( less than 15 months ) 2. Epilepsy or fevers in 1st degree relatives 3. Frequent fevers and low temperature at the Onset of febrile seizure -The risk of developing epilepsy is higher if the seizure are atypical , EEG is persi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Location of the nasolacrimal duct: | [
"Inferior meatus",
"Superior meatus",
"Sphenoethmoidal recess",
"Middle meatus"
] | A | Ans: (a) Inferior meatuesRef: Dhingra's ENT 6th ed./ 187-88 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Stapes foot plate covers - | [
"Round window",
"Oval window",
"Inferior sinus tympani",
"Pyramid"
] | B | Footplate of stapes covers the oval window and secondary tympanic membrane covers the round window.
Mnemonic : SORT :
* Stapes (footplate) covers
Oval window
*Round window is covered by
Tympanic membrane (Secondary) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Treatment of Choice in Sleep Apnea Syndrome: | [
"Continuous positive pressure ventilation.",
"Sedatives.",
"Antidepressants.",
"Antiepileptics"
] | A | (A) Continuous positive pressure ventilation# Sleep apnea: Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing during sleep. Each episode, called an apnea, lasts long enough so that one or more breaths are missed, and such episodes occur repeatedly throughout sleep.> The standard definition of any apne... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The mucogingival junction can be demonstrated by | [
"Gention boiler",
"Schiler's potassium solution.",
"Disclosing solution.",
"Chlorhexidine."
] | B | Lugols iodine (or) schillers solution is used to stain keratinized gingival. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The following statement about DDT is false: | [
"Pyrethrum has synergistic action",
"It is a contact poison",
"Immediately kills the prey",
"Residual effect lasts for 18 months"
] | C | Immediately kills the prey Repeat from May 11 DDT does not immediately kill the insects. It takes several hours to kill them. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Sensory supply to tongue is by all, EXCEPT? | [
"Lingual nerve",
"Vagus nerve",
"Glossopharyngeal nerve",
"None of the above"
] | D | The sensory innervation of the tongue reflects its embryological development. The nerve of general sensation to the presulcal pa is the lingual nerve, which also carries taste sensation derived from the chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve. The nerve supplying both general and taste sensation to the postsulcal pa ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
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